seemabhatnagar

[seemabhatnagar]

"Religious Freedom Can Be Curtailed in Case of Lawful Conviction"

📌The Allahabad High Court reaffirms: Religious rights under Article 21, though fundamental, are not absolute. Once lawfully convicted, even the right to undertake a sacred pilgrimage like Haj can be curtailed. A bold reminder that faith cannot override the finality of justice.

👉The appellant, Jahid, convicted under Sections 304/34 and 323 IPC, sought short-term bail from 30.04.2025 to 18.06.2025 to undertake the Haj pilgrimage, having applied and deposited the required fees prior to his conviction.

👉 The Primary legal issue in this case was whether a convicted prisoner is entitled to short-term bail for religious purposes, such as Hajj Yatra &

🔹Whether the right to personal liberty and religious freedom under Article 21 permits release during the period of incarceration.

👉Appellant alleged that he had applied and deposited fees for Haj pilgrimage before conviction.

🔹He quoted Article 21 (Right to Life and Liberty) and religious rights.

🔹Performing Haj is a religious obligation under Islam.

🔹Cited precedents including Syed Abu Ala v. NCB and Muneer Ahmad v. State of U.P. to support short-term bail on religious or personal grounds.

👉 The state opposed his bail and argued that Jahid is a convict sentenced to 10 years under serious charges, and he has served only one month in jail.

🔹His rights are curtailed post-conviction by law, wherefore there is no violation of Article 21.

🔹Bail is not a right but a discretion, especially after conviction.

🔹And short-term bail should be reserved for urgent or humanitarian reasons, such as medical emergencies or family crises.

👉 The High Court observed that while Haj is an important religious duty, the grant of bail for such purposes is not absolute.

🔹Short-term bail or parole is generally considered for critical exigencies like illness, family crisis, or marriage.

🔹Pre-conviction preparation for Haj doesn’t justify release.

🔹Cited concerns of absconding and the serious nature of the offence.

🔹Precedents for short-term bail are applicable only in specific humanitarian contexts.

👉The High Court rejected the application for short-term bail.

➡️Case Jahid v. State of UP

Crl Appeal 1102/2025

Court Allahabad High Court

Bench Hon'ble Mr Justice Alok Mathur J

➡️Stay tuned & connected for more such #legalnews #legalinsights #legalupdates #significantjudgements from #SC & #HCs of India.

➡️ DM me for #legalclarity #legalconsultation #legaladvice #legalopinion #documentdrafting

[seemabhatnagar]

"Kerala High Court Upholds Wife’s Right to Interim Maintenance Despite Prior Waiver Agreement"

📌Despite signing an agreement waiving her maintenance rights post-divorce, a woman successfully asserted her statutory entitlement under the Domestic Violence Act — with the Kerala High Court affirming that fundamental rights cannot be bargained away by private contracts.

#PostDivorceRelief #StatutoryRights

➡️ After their divorce in 2018, Respondent wife filed a petition under the Domestic Violence Act seeking interim maintenance from her ex-husband Revisionist, a pilot earning over ₹15 lakh per month.

#WomensProtection #MaintenanceWaiver

➡️The primary issue to be decided by the Court was whether a wife can claim maintenance despite signing an agreement waiving it after divorce?

🔹Whether the subsequent divorce decree nullifies the benefits available under the Domestic Violence Act for acts committed before the divorce?

#DomesticViolenceAct #InterimMaintenance

➡️Respondent wife contended that the waiver in the agreement was invalid as no payment for maintenance was actually made; also, she was not earning independently, while the husband had a high income.

➡️ Revisionist husband cited a 2017 notarized agreement where the wife allegedly waived rights to dowry, alimony, and maintenance; also argued she was earning ₹2 lakh/month from a yoga center.

#KeralaHighCourt

➡️ The High Court observed that the agreement only records a waiver without proof of actual payment for maintenance.

🔹Under law, waiver clauses cannot deny a wife her statutory right to maintenance if she is genuinely in need.

🔹Acts of domestic violence committed before divorce entitle the wife to relief under the Domestic Violence Act even after divorce.

#FamilyLaw

➡️The High Court dismissed the Revision Petition of the husband and upheld the concurrent findings of the trial court and appellate court awarding ₹30,000/- per month as interim maintenance to the wife.

[seemabhatnagar]

"Widow's Merit Denied: High Court Intervenes Against Appointment Block Due to Marital Dispute Case'

#widow

➡️The petitioner, Neeraj Kanwar, a widow, passed the RAS Combined Examination 2021-22 but faced withheld appointment due to a pending criminal case (FIR filed by her late husband regarding a matrimonial dispute). Despite disclosing the FIR, the respondents cited a condition disqualifying candidates with pending criminal trials. Interim protection from the High Court resulted in a provisional appointment order during the writ petition's pendency.

#pendingcriminalcase

➡️There were three fold legal issue

🔹Can a candidate’s appointment be denied solely due to a pending criminal case from a matrimonial dispute, despite truthful disclosure and no offences involving moral turpitude?

🔹Is automatic disqualification for candidates with pending criminal trials, as stated in the advertisement, legally valid?

🔹Did the appointing authority properly evaluate the case facts, offence nature, and petitioner’s suitability under Supreme Court guidelines and their circular?

#matrimonialdispute

➡️The Petitioner's contention was

🔹Disclosed the pending FIR truthfully.

🔹Alleged offences are trivial & matrimonial, and lack moral turpitude.

🔹No written reasons were given for withholding her appointment, violating natural justice.

➡️Respondents failed to assess her suitability objectively as per the circular.

Candidates with lower merit were appointed.

🔹The Respondents rebutted stating

🔹Petitioner's pending criminal case led to a final report and trial.

🔹Circular (04.12.2019) and advertisement condition disqualify her due to the trial.

🔹Review committee deemed her unsuitable.

🔹Employer can evaluate suitability based on criminal cases.

🔹No obligation to disclose reasons for withholding the appointment.

#moralturpitude

➡️The High Court observed that the petitioner truthfully disclosed the criminal case.

🔹Principles from Avtar Singh v. Union of India require objective evaluation of offence nature and moral turpitude.

🔹Respondents failed to show objective consideration of case facts and suitability, while their claim of review committee findings lacked evidence.

🔹Natural justice required written reasons for withholding appointment; alleged offences stemmed from matrimonial discord and lacked character flaws.

🔹The court favored a reformative approach, emphasizing proportionality and distinguishing minor offences from serious crimes.

➡️The court allowed the writ petition, directing the petitioner’s appointment based on merit, subject to the pending criminal case and an undertaking. If acquitted or discharged, she will receive all benefits.

➡️Case Neeraj Kanwar v. The State of Rajasthan & 2 others

WP 9517/2024

Court Rajasthan High Court at Jodhpur

Bench Hon'ble Mr Justice Arun Monga J

➡️Stay connected for more such #legalinsights #legalassistance #documentdrafting #legalupdates #significntrulings from #SC & #HCs of India.

[seemabhatnagar]

📌When Consent Meets Complexity: A Legal Glimpse into the Gray Areas of Personal Choice and Criminal Liability

📌When Consent Meets Complexity: A Legal Glimpse into the Gray Areas of Personal Choice and Criminal Liability

In a case that blurs the line between consensual intimacy and alleged coercion, the Allahabad High Court granted bail to a man accused under Section 64 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The Court delved into the nuances of adult consent, individual responsibility, and evidentiary gaps—raising vital questions about agency, accountability, and the evolving contours of criminal jurisprudence.

#SexualHarassmentAllegation #HostileEnvironment #DueProcess

➡️The applicant, Nischal Chandak, was accused of raping a woman after allegedly taking her from a bar in Delhi to his relative’s flat in Gurugram under the pretext of going to his home. The FIR was lodged two days after the alleged incident under Section 64 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.

#collegemisconductallegation

➡️The primary legal issue in this case was

🔹Whether the allegation made by the victim prima facie amounts to rape under Section 64 BNS.

🔹Whether the consensual nature of the relationship and circumstances surrounding the incident warrant the grant of bail.

#bailjurisprudence

➡️The applicant's counsel stated that the victim was major and capable of making informed decisions.

🔹She voluntarily accompanied the applicant and her friends to a bar, consumed alcohol, and agreed to go with the applicant to rest.

🔹The rape allegation is false, and the incident may have involved consent.

🔹The Applicant has no criminal history, is in custody since 11.12.2024, and is unlikely to flee or tamper with evidence.

#AllahabadHighCourt #AmityUniversityNoida

➡️The State's Counsel opposed bail based on the allegations in the FIR.

However, did not refute the factual narrative as presented by the defense.

#Section354IPC #TheRecordRoomRestaurantAndBarHauzKhasDelhi

➡️The High Court observed that both parties are major, and the victim is an M.A. student, competent to understand the nature of her actions.

🔹Even if the victim’s statement is accepted, she appears to have voluntarily participated, thus partially contributing to the situation.

🔹Prima facie evidence and the victim’s own conduct reflect a consensual setup.

➡️The bail was granted to the applicant subject to conditions

🔹Cooperate in trial and attend court regularly.

🔹No threat or inducement to witnesses.

🔹.No involvement in criminal activities.

➡️Case Nischal Chandak v. State of UP

Bail Application 1971/2025

Court Allahabad High Court

Bench Hon'ble Mr Justice Sanjay Kumar Singh J

➡️Stay connected for more such #legalinsights #leglassistance #legalupdates #legalconsultation #documentdrafting #significantrulingsfrom #SC & #HCs of India.

[seemabhatnagar]

 "Senior Citizens Act: Not a Blank Cheque for Eviction"

🔴The #SeniorCitizensAct aims to ensure maintenance for elderly parents, but a recent Supreme Court ruling highlights a crucial caveat. If a senior citizen gifts away their property, their ability to evict others from it may be significantly diminished. This case underscores the importance of careful consideration before transferring property, as it could impact your rights and living arrangements in the future.

#propertydisputes

👉An elderly couple, Kallu Mal and Samtola Devi, initiated legal proceedings against their sons, Krishna Kumar and Janardan Kumar, seeking #eviction of Krishna Kumar from their self-acquired house due to alleged harassment and lack of #maintenance.

👉The primary legal issue was

🔹whether the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 (Senior Citizens Act) empowers a #MaintenanceTribunal to order the eviction of a son from a property owned by his parents.

🔹Whether or not the High Court was correct in setting aside the appellate tribunals eviction order.

🔹The property right of the sons, and the legality of the gift and sale deeds executed by the father.

👉Appellant Samtola Devi argued that the property was the #selfacquired #property of her late husband, Kallu Mal. Contended that her son, Krishna Kumar, had no right to reside in the house against their wishes, especially due to his alleged #harassment and #neglect.

👉Respondent Son Krishna Kumar claimed that the allegations were false and that he was only occupying a small portion of the house. Asserted his #righttoreside in the house, claiming a share in the property. Highlighted the ongoing #civilsuits challenging the #gift and #saledeeds executed by his father and claiming his share in the property. Argued that he was paying the maintenance awarded by the family court.

👉The Apex Court observed

🔹The property was indeed purchased by Kallu Mal.

🔹It noted the existence of civil suits filed by Krishna Kumar, indicating a #dispute over the property's #ownership.

🔹The Court acknowledged that the Senior Citizens Act primarily focuses on maintenance, not eviction.

🔹The court also took note of the fact that Kallu Mal had transferred portions of the property to his daughters and son-in-law.

🔹The court acknowledged that the son was paying the maintenance awarded by the family court.

👉The Supreme Court dismissed the appeal filed by Samtola Devi. As the Senior Citizens Act primarily aims to ensure maintenance for senior citizens, and eviction should only be ordered in exceptional circumstances.

👉Case Samtola Devi v. Stae of UP & Others

SLP Civil 26651/2023

Court Supreme Court of India

Judge Hon'ble Mr. Justice Pamkaj Mithal J & Hon'ble Mr. Justice S V N Bhati J

👉Stay tuned & connected for more such #legalinsights #legaladvice #legalupdates #legalconsultation #Documentdrafting & #significantrulings from #SC & #HCs of India.

[seemabhatnagar]

"A stain on justice": Supreme Court slams 'inhumane' ruling that dismissed child sexual assault as 'mere preparation'.

📌The Supreme Court has stepped in to halt controversial observations made by the Allahabad High Court, which had shockingly ruled that acts of grabbing a child victim's breasts, breaking her pyjama string, and attempting to drag her beneath a culvert did not constitute #rape or attempted rape.

➡️The #SupremeCourt has stayed the #AllahabadHighCourt's controversial ruling, which held that certain acts against a minor girl did not amount to an #attempttorape but rather constituted aggravated #sexualassault under the #POCSOAct. The High Court's decision sparked widespread #publicoutrage.

➡️A bench comprising Hon'ble Mr. Justice B.R. Gavai J and Hon'ble Mr. Justice A.G. Masih J expressed strong disagreement, calling the High Court's observations "shocking" and "inhumane." The Supreme Court noted that the judgment lacked #judicialsensitivity and stayed the observations, emphasizing the need for a more just approach.

➡️The case involves allegations against two accused, Pawan and Akash, for acts of sexual violence against an 11-year-old girl. The #trialcourt had invoked #charges of #attempttorape under the POCSO Act, but the High Court reduced the charges to lesser offenses, distinguishing between #preparation and #attempt leading to public criticism.

➡️The Supreme Court has issued notices to the Union of India, the State of Uttar Pradesh, and other parties involved, taking cognizance of the matter based on a letter from Senior Advocate Shobha Gupta on behalf of the NGO 'We the Women of India.'

➡️The Supreme Court directed its Registrar Judicial to communicate the order to the Registrar of the Allahabad High Court, requesting the Chief Justice to take necessary steps.

➡️Solicitor General Tushar Mehta concurred with the Court's concerns, calling the High Court's handling of the case "very serious."

➡️The Allahabad High Court had ruled that the described actions did not constitute rape or attempted rape, stating that they were not sufficient to infer a "determination to commit rape." The High Court had stated, "This fact is not sufficient to draw an inference that the accused persons had determined to commit rape on the victim as apart from these facts no other act is attributed to them to further their alleged desire to commit rape on the victim."

➡️Case SMW(Crl) 1 / 2025, decided on 26-3-2025 arising out of order dt 17.03.2025 Passed by the Allahabad HC in Criminal Revision No. 1449/2024

👉Stay tuned and connected for more such #legalinsights #legaladvice #legalupdates #legalconsultation #documentdrafting #significantrulings from #SC & #HCs of India.

[seemabhatnagar]

"Delhi High Court Sets Aside Retrospective Pay Reduction and Recovery Without Notice"

💡Employers cannot arbitrarily reduce salaries retrospectively without due process.

➡️The petitioner, Asha Ram Nehra, who was initially a BSF constable, was absorbed into Delhi Police in 1988. In 2017, after 19 years, the authorities reduced his pay retrospectively from 1988 and ordered a recovery of ₹2,97,879, which was deducted from his gratuity upon superannuation.

➡️The primary legal issue in this case was

🔹Whether the authorities could retrospectively reduce the petitioner’s pay after 19 years without prior notice.

🔹Whether the recovery of excess payment made over the years was legally justified.

➡️Petitioner contended that (Asha Ram Nehra)

🔹The pay reduction after 19 years, without prior notice, violated principles of natural justice.

🔹The petitioner was not responsible for any alleged erroneous fixation and should not be penalized.

🔹Relied on Supreme Court rulings in Bhagwan Shukla v. UOI and State of Punjab v. Rafiq Masih, which prohibit recovery of overpayments made due to employer errors.

➡️Respondents rebutted saying that (Commissioner of Police & Anr.)

🔹The petitioner was erroneously granted a deputation allowance despite being permanently absorbed into Delhi Police.

🔹Recovery was justified as the excess amount was wrongly paid.

🔹The Tribunal correctly upheld the recovery, citing past Supreme Court judgments on correcting pay fixation errors.

➡️The High Court observed

🔹Tribunal failed to appreciate the precedents in *Bhagwan Shukla and *Rafiq Masih.

🔹Any salary reduction must follow due process, including a show-cause notice.

🔹Recovering payments after 19 years violates the Supreme Court's ruling in Rafiq Masih, which protects employees from financial hardship due to belated recoveries.

➡️The High Court set aside the Tribunal’s decision and quashed the recovery order, ruling in favor of the petitioner.

➡️Case Asha Ram Nehra v. Commissioner of Police and Another

WP 3903/2019

Court Delhi High Court

Judge Hon'ble Madam Justice Rekha Palli J & Hon'ble Mr Justice Manoj Jain J

➡️Stay tuned and connected for more such #legalupdates #significantrulings #legalconsultation #legaladvice & #legalinsights from #SupremeCourt & #HighCourts.

👉*Bhagwan Shukla v. Union of India (1994):

An employee's #pay was #retrospectivelyreduced after 21 years without notice. The Supreme Court ruled this #violatednaturaljustice, requiring #notice and a #hearing before #anyaction with #civilconsequences.

👉*State of Punjab v. Rafiq Masih (2015):

The Supreme Court defined situations where #recoveringexcesspayments to employees due to #administrativeerrors is #impermissible. These include recoveries from lower-grade employees, retired employees, payments made over five years prior, and other cases where recovery would be unfair.

[seemabhatnagar]

"Supreme Court Upholds 50% Back Wages for Employee; Full Wages Denied Due to Lack of Duties Performed During Employment Termination Period"

**This judgment underscores that full-back wages cannot be granted if an employee has not performed any duties during the period in question, even if there is a continuity of service.**

👉The respondent, Haneef Khan, was #terminated by the Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation (#RSRTC) on 04.10.2001.

🔸The Labour Court rejected RSRTC's application for permission to terminate under Section 33(2)(b) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.

🔸This resulted in the #deemedcontinuation of Khan's #employment.

👉The primary legal issue before the #ApexCourt was whether the respondent is entitled to #fullbackwages for the period he was deemed to be in service (04.10.2001 to 30.11.2010), despite not performing any duties.

👉The Appellant (RSRTC) argued that the initial order of the High Court awarding 50% back wages was correct.

🔸They contended that granting full back wages for a period where no work was performed is unjust.

🔸They also argued that the Labour Court's rejection of their termination permission was incorrect.

👉 The Respondent (Haneef Khan) contended that the High Court was justified in awarding full back wages in the review petition, as there was deemed continuity of service.

👉 The Supreme Court observed that the respondent's employment was deemed to continue due to the #LabourCourt's #rejection of the RSRTC's #terminationapplication.

🔸However, it also noted that the respondent did not perform any duties during this period (nearly ten years).

👉The Supreme Court set aside the order passed in the Review Petition granting full back wages.

🔸It restored the initial order of the High Court which awarded 50% back wages.

🔸Since the respondent had superannuated, the Court directed RSRTC to comply with the High Court's initial order and grant all monetary benefits due to the respondent's superannuation within one month.

➡️Case Chief Manager RSRTC v. Haneef Khan SLP 24258-24259/2019 Judge Hon'ble Madam Justice B V Nagarathna J & Hon'ble Mr Justice Satish Chandra Sharma J

👉 Stay tuned and connected for more such #legalinsights #legalupdates #legalconsultation #legaladvice #significantrulings

[seemabhatnagar]

Karnataka High Court Quashes Transfer Order of Vigilance Officer, Citing Discomfort and Unsubstantiated Justifications

➡️The petitioner, Sri Shripati Mariyappa Doddalingannavar works as a Depot Manager at Ranebennur Depot, Haveri Division, under the North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (NWKRTC). He was transferred to this position from the Vigilance Department on June 13, 2024. The petitioner has spent his entire service in the Vigilance Department, and is in the last leg of service, as he is said to be left with 24 months of service. This transfer was confirmed on July 27, 2024. The petitioner has challenged these orders, stating that the transfer is unfair and causes him professional difficulties because he has been working in the Vigilance Department for a long time.

#KarnatakaHighCourt #TransferOrder #VigilanceOfficer

➡️The primary legal issue in this case was

🔹Whether the transfer of the petitioner from the Vigilance Department to the post of Depot Manager is arbitrary and unjustified.

🔹Whether the shortage of Depot Managers is a valid ground for transferring an employee at the end of his career.

#AdministrativeDiscretion #EmployeeRights

➡️The petitioner's submitted that

🔹The petitioner has spent his entire career in the Vigilance Department and is now being shifted to a different discipline just before retirement, causing undue hardship.

🔹He is willing to serve in any location but within the Vigilance Department.

🔹The justification of a shortage of Depot Managers lacks substantive evidence.

➡️The Respondent Department rebutted the submissions of the petitioner stating

🔹The transfer was made in the interest of the organization due to the shortage of Depot Managers.

🔹The petitioner’s objections were considered, but the administrative necessity required his transfer.

#WorkplaceStability #JudicialReview

➡️The Court observed that

🔹There is no doubt, that administrative exigency can be a reason for the Corporation to exercise its right of transfer of an employee, from one place to another, as the transfer is an incidence of service.

🔹It cannot be that such transfers would be in violation of the statute or operative guidelines. Such violation is sans countenance and the subject violation undoubtedly is unsustainable. 

🔹Compelling an employee to switch disciplines at the end of service is unjustifiable and could cause discomfort.

🔹The court noted that the respondents’ claim of a shortage of Depot Managers lacked substantive evidence.

🔹The Coordinate Bench had earlier directed the petitioner to submit a representation, which was considered but did not provide a satisfactory resolution.

🔹The petitioner’s willingness to work in any location within the same department was not adequately considered.

#NWKRTC #WritofCertiorari

➡️ The High Court allowed the petition of the Petitioner & quashed the transfer order and its subsequent confirmation.

[seemabhatnagar]

YOUR LIFE, YOUR RESPONSIBILITY

Time flies, so embrace every second! Ditch the negativity and soak in the good vibes. Crank up your favorite tunes, dance like nobody’s watching, and let joy take the lead. Step outside, breathe in the fresh air and savor the magic of the little things. The world is a masterpiece—watch the sunrise, listen to the rustling leaves, and let nature remind you how beautiful life truly is. Live boldly, love deeply, and make every moment count!

👉Stay tuned and connected for more such #profoundreflections #legalinsights #legalconsultation #legalupdates #legaladvice #significantrulings

[seemabhatnagar]

"Punjab & Haryana High Court Upholds Validity of Adoption for Compassionate Appointment in Railways"

"Can an adopted child claim a #compassionateappointment in the #Railways? The #PunjabandHaryanaHighCourt answers this crucial question, reaffirming the validity of adoption under the #HinduAdoptionsandMaintenanceAct. Delve into the court’s reasoning and its reliance on legal precedents in this significant ruling."

➡️Sukhpreet Kaur sought a compassionate appointment in Railways after her adoptive father's death. Railways denied it, claiming her adoption (deed registered when she was over 20) was invalid. Her Class 10 certificate also listed her biological parents. The CAT had ordered Railways to consider her case, but Railways chose to appeal to the High Court.

➡️The primary legal issue before the Court was  the validity of Sukhpreet Kaur's adoption under the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 (HAMA), and whether this adoption entitled her to compassionate appointment in the Railways.

➡️The Appellants Railways argued that the #adoption was invalid because the deed was registered when Sukhpreet Kaur was over 20 years old. They contended that the claimed adoption date of January 12, 2010, was not credible, especially since her Class 10 certificate did not reflect the names of the adoptive parents.

➡️The Respondent Sukhpreet Kaur maintained that the actual adoption took place on January 12, 2010, when she was a minor, and the registration of the deed in 2017 was a formality. She argued that under HAMA, a registered deed is not mandatory for a #validadoption, and the absence of her adoptive parents' names on her educational certificate was due to administrative reasons.

➡️The Court noted that under HAMA, a registered #adoptiondeed isn't required if the "#givingandtaking" #ceremony occurred. The deed is just evidence. Also, schools usually list biological parents, which doesn't invalidate a valid adoption.

➡️The High Court dismissed the Writ Petition filed by the Railways, upholding the CAT's order directing the Railways to consider Sukhpreet Kaur's case for compassionate appointment within three months.

➡️Case Union of India & Another v. Sukhpreet Kaur and another

WP 28074/2024

Court High Court of Punjab and Haryana

Judge Hon'ble Mr. Justice Sanjeev Prakash Sharma J & Hon'ble Madam Justice Meenakshi I Mehta J

👉 Stay connected for more such #legalinsights #significantrulings #legalconsultation

[seemabhatnagar]

"Kerala High Court Allows Virtual Appearance for Aged and Ailing Accused in Criminal Proceedings"

➡️The petitioner, Chinnamma George, 86, was the sole accused in a criminal complaint case1216 of 2022 before the Judicial First Class Magistrate Court-II, Kochi. The case stemmed from a Criminal case registered in the year 2014, U/s 420 read with Section 34 IPC against her and two co-accused.

The judgment was passed against the co-accused, sentencing them to three years of imprisonment and a ₹10,000 fine each. Chinnamma was absent on the judgment date, so her case was split and renumbered as C.C.No.1216 of 2022.

She cited colon cancer as the reason for her absence and sought #exemption from #personalappearance under Section 353 read with Section 205 Cr.P.C., which was rejected. She then filed a petition under Section 482 Cr.P.C. before the Kerala High Court, seeking #permission to attend #proceedingsvirtually due to her medical condition.

#bailrestoration

➡️Whether an accused who is physically incapacitated can be permitted to attend court proceedings, including the pronouncement of judgment, through virtual mode under the Electronic Video Linkage Rules for Courts (Kerala), 2021.

➡️The petitioner's counsel submitted that

🔹The petitioner, bedridden with colon cancer, couldn’t appear in person. 🔹The trial court should have applied the proviso to Section 353(6) Cr.P.C., allowing judgment in her absence as co-accused were present.

🔹The High Court could permit virtual appearance under Section 482 Cr.P.C.

➡️The Prosecution submitted that

🔹There is no explicit provision in Section 353 Cr.P.C. that allows an accused to attend judgment pronouncement virtually.

🔹The petitioner’s absence resulted in the #cancellation of her #bail.

#proceduralfairness

➡️The High Court observed that

🔹Section 353(6) Cr.P.C. mandates the accused’s presence unless #personalappearance is dispensed with or the accused is acquitted or fined.

🔹Proviso to Section 353(6) allows judgment in the absence of one accused if others are present, but not applicable since the trial court split the petitioner’s case.

🔹Petitioner’s severe #healthandage warrant #extraordinaryrelief.

Electronic Video Linkage Rules for Courts (Kerala), 2021, Rule 3(1), allows #videoconferencing at all #judicialstages, including judgment pronouncement.

#judicialdiscretion

👉The petitioner’s bail cancellation was reversed by the Kerala High Court, reinstating her bail based on previous bonds. She was allowed to attend the judgment pronouncement #virtually under the 2021 #ElectronicVideoLinkageRulesforCourts (Kerala). The Magistrate was instructed to set a date and time for her #virtualappearance. She had to file an affidavit before the judgment date, promising to execute bail bonds or provide security in cash or Government Promissory Notes.

👉Stay connected for #ExpertGuidance #LegalInsights #legalupdates and #significantrulings

➡️Case Chinnamma George v. State of Kerala & another Cr M C 10405/2023 Court Kerala HighCourt Judge Hon'ble Mr Justice V G Arun J

[seemabhatnagar]

"Justice for Temporary Employees: Indian Court Upholds Maternity Leave Rights"

🔴Amidst legal debates, there's a human story. The High Court of Punjab and Haryana is looking at several petitions for job regularization. One of them is about Balvir Kaur, who was fired during her maternity leave. Her case highlights the fears and unfair treatment that temporary workers often face.

👉The High Court of Punjab and Haryana has strengthened temporary employees' rights by granting maternity leave benefits, setting a key precedent for workplace equality and fair treatment in employment policies.

#MaternityLeave

➡️A bunch of Writ Petitions was filed before the #HighCourtofPunjabandHaryanaatChandigarh. The Petitioners, employed in various capacities within different Sessions Divisions of Punjab, sought regularization of their services. They contended that their continuous service and the perennial nature of their work entitled them to such regularization. Notably, some Petitioners were working without interim protection, highlighting the continuing need for their services.

#FairTreatment

👉 The primary legal question in this case was whether the petitioners were entitled to the regularization of their services, given their continuous employment and the ongoing nature of their duties.

#LabourLaw

➡️The Petitioners contended Petitioners that their continuous service and the perennial nature of their work warranted regularization. They also emphasized that they should not be replaced by another set of temporary employees, which would be prejudicial to their interests.

➡️The respondent State referred to a precedent set in the WP 34402/2019 (Bikramjit Singh and others vs. State of Punjab and others), where a similar claim for regularization was rejected. They argued that the petitioners' claims should be dismissed based on this precedent.

#TemporaryEmployees

👉 The High Court after hearing both sides observed that while the claim for regularization had been previously rejected in similar cases, **the fact remained that the petitioners were currently employed without any interim court orders**. This indicated that their positions and the associated work were still in existence.

#EmploymentRights

➡️The Court disposed of the bunch of Writ Petitions with directions:

🔹 Petitioners shall continue in their current positions subject to satisfactory performance and the continued existence of the work.

🔹 Petitioners shall not be replaced by similarly situated temporary employees.

🔹 Petitioners may be replaced by regularly appointed employees.

🔹 This order shall not operate to reinstate terminated Petitioners.

🔹 Regarding Petitioner Balvir Kaur, her maternity leave was improperly curtailed. She is entitled to full salary for the sanctioned leave period, with termination effective only thereafter. Respondents shall release salary arrears within eight weeks.

👉Stay connected for more such #legalinsights #legalconsultation & #significantrulings.

[seemabhatnagar]

"Supreme Court Upholds Father’s Right to Custody, Balancing Child’s Welfare with Gradual Transition"

🔴The untimely death of a wife and mother leaves a void, but for maternal grandparents, it also sparks deep concern for the child’s future. Traditionally, they fear that if the father remarries, the stepmother may not provide the same love and care—sometimes even mistreating the child, as seen in many unfortunate cases. To shield the child from emotional distress, grandparents often step in and take custody.

However, there are exceptions. Some fathers, even after remarriage, prove their commitment to their child's well-being, ensuring love and stability. In such cases, the #custodybattle is not just about #legalrights but about who truly serves the best interests of the child.

➡️ The case I am sharing with you today concerns the appellant, a father of a minor child, who challenged the High Court's order in a #HabeasCorpus petition, which denied him custody.

🔹The child had been living with his maternal grandparents since the death of his mother in 2021.

🔹The High Court, considering the child’s comfort and ongoing education, allowed him to stay with the grandparents while granting the father visitation rights.

🔹The father, an Administrative Service Officer, had remarried and argued that he was financially stable and capable of providing for the child’s welfare.

👉 The primary legal issue in this case was whether the father, as the natural guardian, should be granted custody of the minor child through a Habeas Corpus petition, or whether the matter should be decided under the #GuardianandWardsAct, 1890.

➡️Citing Gautam Kumar Das, the 'Appellant father' argued for custody as the natural guardian, especially after the mother's death. He highlighted his financial provisions for the child (property transfer, ₹10 lakh fixed deposit, ₹25 lakh life insurance) and his second wife's affidavit promising care.

➡️The 'Respondent grandparents', citing Nirmala v. Kulwant Singh, argued child custody should be decided under the Guardian and Wards Act, emphasizing the father's remarriage, the child's established placement with them, and the father's separate guardianship petition, which they claimed made the Habeas Corpus plea inappropriate.

➡️After hearing both sides the Apex Court observed that the High Court failed to consider the child's 10-year bond with his father, who is financially stable and the #naturalguardian. The grandparents' ₹20,000/month maintenance request suggests their financial constraints. With no evidence of abuse/neglect by the father, and given his legal custody right, the Habeas Corpus petition (per Tejaswini Gaud) is valid due to unauthorized detention by non-guardians.

➡️ The Supreme Court granted grandparents custody until April 30, 2025, for the school year, with the father having alternate weekend custody. Full custody transfers to the father on May 1, 2025, with grandparent #visitation #rights on the second Saturday monthly.

➡️Case Vivek Kumar Chaturvedi & Anr. v. State of U.P. & Ors. Special Leave Petition (Criminal) No.14809/2024 Court Supreme Court Judge Hon'ble Mr. Justice B R Gavai J & Hon'ble Mr. Justice K. Vinod Chandran J

👉 Stay connected for more such #legalinsights #significantrulings #legalconsultation and #legalupdates

[seemabhatnagar]

"Bail Granted Despite Serious Allegations: Court Weighs Circumstances Over Merits"

🔴When you are #educated, why aren’t you mindful of your actions—actions that lead you from #personalchoices to #legalbattles? How can you be so assured that the person you are dating will marry you, and on that assumption, engage in physical intimacy? #Responsibility isn’t one-sided; #consent is a #consciouschoice. Even if persuasion led you to it, wasn’t that the #redflag? A person pressuring for intimacy before #marriage reveals their #intent—nogenuine individual would rush what should be built on #trust and #commitment.

➡️Despite the seriousness of allegations and concerns over witness #tampering, the court granted #bail to the applicant, Abhijeet Kumar, considering the totality of the circumstances subject to an undertaking before the Trial Court.

➡️Abhijeet Kumar was in a romantic relationship with a 24-year-old woman M, and they planned to marry. Their families were aware and they traveled together. The woman allegedly consented to #physicalintimacy. Later the petitioner felt that the complainant was dating another person, leading to their #breakup. The woman then filed an FIR against Abhijeet for multiple offenses, including rape and assault. Abhijeet was arrested on 30.05.2024 and has been in judicial custody since.

➡️The primary legal issue in this case was

🔹Whether the allegations of rape and other offenses are sustainable in light of the claimed consensual relationship.

🔹Whether the bail should be granted considering the seriousness of allegations and the stage of the trial.

🔹Whether the alleged false promise to marry constitutes an offense under Section 376 IPC.

➡️The petitioner Abhijeet Kumar contended ⬇️

The relationship was consensual, with the complainant voluntarily participating in intimate acts and expressing love multiple times. Allegations arose after their breakup. The Petitioner never made a false promise of marriage. The investigation is complete, the charge sheet is filed, and trial proceedings have begun. The Petitioner, being the sole breadwinner, faces family hardship due to prolonged incarceration. He cited a case of Delhi HC where a consensual relationship turning sour was deemed insufficient for rape charges.

➡️The State and the Complainant rebutted the Contention of the petitioner stating⬇️

🔹Serious allegations exist, including blackmail, threats, and false promises of marriage.

🔹The complainant has provided evidence, including a medical report confirming pregnancy.

🔹The Petitioner has threatened to make private photographs of the complainant viral.

🔹The Petitioner may tamper with evidence and influence witnesses.

➡️The High Court observed

Courts must balance protecting women and preventing misuse of laws. Many relationships, especially workplace romances, turn sour and result in complaints. Here, the relationship lasted over a year with consensual intimacy. The complainant alleged force and ill-treatment post-breakup.

➡️The Bail was granted subject to conditions: 🔹The Applicant shall not misuse the liberty granted to him; 🔹The Applicant shall not tamper with any evidence, oral or documentary during the trial; 🔹 The applicant shall not go even in the vicinity of the house and workplace of the prosecutrix; 🔹 The Applicant shall appear before the Trial Court on every date of hearing; and 🔹 That applicant shall inform the SHO/ IO about his mobile number and address.

[seemabhatnagar]

“Kerala High Court Upholds Family Court’s Rejection of Divorce on the grounds of Cruelty and Desertion”

👉 In this case, the Kerala High Court reaffirmed that mere allegations of cruelty and desertion are insufficient grounds for divorce without substantial evidence. Dismissing the husband's appeal, the court upheld the Family Court’s decision, emphasizing the need for concrete proof in matrimonial disputes.

#MatrimonialAppeal #Divorce #Cruelty

➡️The appellant-husband sought divorce from his wife on the grounds of cruelty and desertion. The Family Court, Ettumanoor dismissed his petition, leading to this appeal.

#Desertion #FamilyCourt

➡️ The legal issue before the Court was whether the appellant (husband) had successfully established the grounds of cruelty and desertion to warrant the grant of divorce.

#MaritalDisputes #BurdenofProof

➡️The Appellant Husband's argument before the Court was

🔹His wife was unwilling to reside with his parents.

🔹She frequently quarreled with him and his relatives.

🔹She refused to cohabit with him and denied him conjugal rights.

🔹She misrepresented her willingness to live with him in Qatar.

🔹She has been residing separately for over five years, thereby committing desertion.

➡️The wife through Counsel rebutted the submissions stating

🔹She resided with the husband’s parents and cared for them.

🔹The husband never attempted to take her to Qatar, not even on a visiting visa.

🔹The allegations of cruelty and desertion were false and baseless.

🔹She was always willing to cohabit with her husband and continue marital life.

#spousalrights #LegalPrecedents

➡️The Kerala High Court observed

🔹The evidence revealed inconsistencies in the husband’s claim of desertion. He admitted during cross-examination that they stayed together whenever he visited from abroad.

🔹The Court emphasized that cruelty must be assessed based on the facts and circumstances of each case, considering individual emotional resilience and societal norms.

🔹Relying on the Samar Ghosh v. Jaya Ghosh precedent, the Court held that cruelty must be substantial and proven with clear evidence, which was lacking in this case.

#KeralaHighCourt

Case Anil Kumar v. Sunila P Mat/ Appeal 626/2022 Judge Hon'ble Mr. Justice Devan Ramachandran J & Hon'ble Madam Justice M B Snehalatha J

➡️The High Court upheld the Family Court’s decision and dismissed the appeal, refusing to grant divorce.

👉 Stay connected for more such #LegalInsights #significantrulings #legalconsultation & #legalupdates

[seemabhatnagar]

"False Promise of Marriage: Delhi High Court Upholds Charges Against Accused"

➡️The prosecutrix, divorced from Karan in June 2024 due to physical harassment, met Himanshu Singla online in February 2024. Singla allegedly established physical relations with her under the false pretense of marriage. Upon discovering he was already married, Singla promised a divorce, leading to further physical relations despite a prior discontinuation of contact. Following threats from Singla's wife, the prosecutrix filed an FIR, resulting in Singla's arrest on September 7, 2024, and subsequent charges under Section 64(2)(m) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023.

#FalsePromiseOfMarriage #SexualConsent

👉The legal issues before the Court were threefold.

◆ Whether the petitioner’s actions amounted to rape under Section 64(2)(m) of BNS (engaging in sexual intercourse on a false promise of marriage).

◆ Whether the prosecutrix, being already married, could claim deception regarding marriage.

◆ Whether the petitioner’s plea of alibi and claims of consensual relationship could be considered at this stage.

#FalsePromiseOfMarriage

➡️The petitioner accused contended that

→ The prosecutrix was aware of his marital status and falsely implicated him to extort money.

→ He was not in Delhi on 28.05.2024, as evidenced by Fastag toll receipts and mobile location records.

→ The prosecutrix voluntarily engaged in the relationship and continued physical relations even after knowing his marital status.

→ A distinction exists between breach of promise and a false promise with mala fide intent, and no case of rape is made out.

➡️The State strongly rebutted the argument of the Petitioner-alleged accused.

→ The petitioner repeatedly assured the prosecutrix of marriage despite being married.

→ The prosecutrix was unaware of his marital status initially.

→ The allegations, medical records, and statements under Section 183 BNSS establish a prima facie case.

→ The plea of alibi and defenses raised by the accused should be considered during trial, not at the stage of framing charges.

#SexualConsent

👉 The Delhi High Court noted that

→ Both parties were in legally subsisting marriages at the time of their relationship. Later divorce was obtained by the prosecutrix.

→ The prosecutrix alleged that she obtained a divorce based on the accused’s assurance of marriage.

→ The accused’s assurance of marriage despite being already married could constitute a false promise.

→ The Court considered at the stage of framing charges, a prima facie case is established based on FIR, medical records, and statements.

→ Hence, the plea of alibi and the accused’s defense require a full trial to determine credibility.

#ConsentVsCoercion

➡️The petition to set aside the order on the charge was dismissed, and the Court upheld the framing of charges under Section 64(2)(m) of BNS against the petitioner.

👉Follow me for more #legalinsights #significantrulings, and #legalupdates #legalconsultationservices.