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quakerjoe · 4 years

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“VIOLENCE WILL NOT BRING CHANGE.”

That’s what Biden said in his latest advert.

Are we kidding ourselves here? Seriously? It’s the AMERICAN WAY! Let’s review a little history...

1619: SLAVERY BEGINS in AMERICA

American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)

Cherokee–American wars (1776–1795) USA v. Native Americans

Northwest Indian War (1785–1793) USA v. Native Americans

Shays' Rebellion (1786–1787) USA v. Citizens During Debt Crisis

Whiskey Rebellion (1791–1794) USA v. Citizens over TAXES

Quasi-War (1798–1800) Naval Pissing Match- USA v. France

Fries Rebellion (1799–1800) USA . PA Dutch Farmers over TAXES

First Barbary War (1801–1805) USA & Sweden v. N. Africa (Pirates)

German Coast Uprising (1811) Slave Rebellion in New Orleans v. USA

Tecumseh's War (1811) Native Annihilation.

War of 1812 (1812–1815) USA v. Britain over UK’s seizure of ships and men

Creek War (1813–1814) USA v. Alabama Native Americans

Second Barbary War (1815) Again.

First Seminole War (1817–1818) USA v. Florida Native Americans

Texas–Indian Wars (1820–1875) USA v. Texas Natives & Spain/Mexico

Arikara War (1823) USA v. Sioux Native Americans

Aegean Sea Anti-Piracy Operations of the United States (1825–1828)

Winnebago War (1827) USA v. Wisconsin Native Americans

First Sumatran expedition (1832) USA v. Indonesia

Black Hawk War (1832) USA v. Ill & Mich Native Americans

Texas Revolution (1835–1836) USA v. Mexico to steal Tex-ass

Second Seminole War (1835–1842) USA v. Native Americans in Florida

Second Sumatran expedition (1838)

Aroostook War (1838) USA v. Britain over N. Brunswick & Maine Border

Ivory Coast expedition (1842) USA v. Bereby, W. Africa against Slavers

Mexican–American War (1846–1848) USA v. Mexico to seize TX, NM & CA

Cayuse War (1847–1855) USA v. Oregon Native Americans (Annihilation)

Apache Wars (1851–1900) USA v. Apache Native Americans in s.west

Bleeding Kansas (1854–1861) USA v. USA Kansas & Missouri Conservative PRO-Slavery versus Abolitionist/Progressive ANTI-Slavery in new territories.

Puget Sound War (1855–1856) USA v. coastal Wash. State Native Americans

First Fiji expedition (1855) USA v. Fiji over the islanders not wanting rich American fucks there anymore. We did away with that by force, by Harry!

Rogue River Wars (1855–1856) USA v. Oregon Native Americans

Third Seminole War (1855–1858) USA purges last of Florida Natives

Yakima War (1855–1858) USA v. Washington Native Americans

Second Opium War (1856–1859) USA, Britain & France v. China over forcing the Chinese to buy opium to keep them compliant

Utah War (1857–1858) USA v. The F’n MORMONS This was the Waco Tex-Ass of its time.

Navajo Wars USA v. New Mexico Native Americans (Long Walk)

Second Fiji expedition (1859) USA v. Fiji. We told them once...

John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry (1859) USA v. USA, Prelude to Civil War

First and Second Cortina War (1859–1861) USA (Then CSA) v. Mexico in TX

Paiute War (1860) USA v. Nevada Native Americans

American Civil War (1861–1865) USA v. CSA

Yavapai Wars (1861–1875) USA v. AZ Native Americans

Dakota War of 1862 (1862) USA v. Minnesota & Dakota Native Americans

Colorado War (1863–1865) USA v. Colorado, Wyoming & Nebraska Natives

Shimonoseki War (1863–1864) UK, USA, France, Dutch v. Japan over straight between Japan’s own islands.

Snake War (1864–1868) USA v. Native Americans in Oregon, Nevada, Idaho & California

Powder River War (1865) USA v. Native Americans in Montana & Dakota

Red Cloud's War (1866–1868) USA v. Native Americans in Wyoming & Montana

Formosa expedition (1867) USA v. Taiwan Natives in response to massacre of crew of wrecked USS Rover, a small bark.

Comanche Campaign (1867–1875) USA v. Native Americans in western states/territories

Korea expedition (1871) USA v. Korea in retaliation for being shot at because they hated us.

Modoc War (1872–1873) USA v. Native Americans in N. Cali & Oregon.

Red River War (1874–1875) USA v. Native Americans in S.W.

Las Cuevas War (1875) USA/TX v. Mexican Raiders

Great Sioux War of 1876 (1876–1877) USA v. Native Americans in S.W.

Buffalo Hunters' War (1876–1877) USA v. Native Americans in TX & OK

Nez Perce War (1877) USA v. Native Americans in Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming & Montana

Bannock War (1878) USA v. Native Americans in Oregon, Idaho & Wyoming

Cheyenne War (1878–1879) USA v. Native Americans in Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, S. Dakota and Montana

Sheepeater Indian War (1879) USA v. Native Americans in Idaho

Victorio's War (1879–1881) USA/Mexico v. Apache in Mexico

White River War (1879–1880) USA v. Native Americans in Colorado

Pine Ridge Campaign (1890–1891) USA v. Native Americans in S. Dakota

Garza Revolution (1891–1893) USA & Mexico v. Mexican Revolutionaries

Yaqui Wars (1896–1918) USA/Mexico v. Native Americans in Mexico & AZ

Second Samoan Civil War (1898–1899) USA v. Germany over Samoa Control because screw the natives already living there.

Spanish–American War (1898) USA v. Spain- when the US wanted to bugger Spain and used the likely accidental destruction of the USS Maine (”Remember the Maine!”) in Havana Harbor as an excuse for war.

Philippine–American War (1899–1902) USA v. Philippines because we won you from Spain in the last war; screw you if you’re a native on the island.

Moro Rebellion (1899–1913) USA v. Philippines because while we’re here, we’ll meddle in your politics too.

Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901) USA v. China because they wanted those douchebag imperialists, foreigners and goddamn Christians to simply fuck the hell off back to where they came from because they suck.

Crazy Snake Rebellion (1909) USA v. OK Native Americans because Americans just LOVE betraying treaties and killing the native population.

Border War (1910–1919) USA v. Mexico & Germany because it’s more fun to play with guns and kill one another rather than sit at a table with a map and come to an amicable agreement.

Negro Rebellion (1912) USA v. Cuba (under US control from war with Spain) where we literally went in and slaughtered Afro-Cubans for wanting freedom. (Part of the Banana Wars)

Occupation of Nicaragua (1912–1933) USA v. Nicaragua where the US seized land and occupied it because a canal was going to be built and never was. Oops. (Part of the Banana Wars)

Bluff War (1914–1915) USA v. Native Americans in Utah and Colorado. Again. Why should the last generation have all the fun, right?

Occupation of Veracruz (1914) USA v. Mexico. Because fuck those Mexicans, right?

Occupation of Haiti (1915–1934) USA v. Haiti because why not? We own you now. (Part of the Banana Wars)

Occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924) USA v. D.R. because we may as well own you too while we’re in the area.

World War I (1917–1918)

USA arriving very late in the “War to End All Wars”. “Thanks for nothing,” said the allies, “But please; take all the credit.”

Russian Civil War (1918–1920) USA & Europe v. Bolshevik Russia which didn’t end well for the USA & allies. We totally lost that one.

Last Indian Uprising (1923) USA v. Native Americans in Utah because we’d rather have Mormons than the Ute and the Paiute tribes.

World War II (1939–1945)

USA fights Japan covertly in the Pacific, aiding China against Japanese aggression. USA assists Britain and occupied Europe against the FASCIST regimes of Hitler’s Nazis and Mussolini in Italy and fucks off until the Attack of Pearl Harbor in 1941. “Oh, THIS shit again?” asks Europe. “Showing up late YET AGAIN, but sure; hey, USA, take all the credit yet again. Seriously, fuck you guys. Thanks for the assist, but we could have saved millions of lives of you’d gotten of your fat asses YEARS ago!”

Korean War (1950–1953) USA v. N. Korea in a proxy war with the USSR and China because fuck those commies, right? We won, even though they kicked our asses and a formal treaty was NEVER signed so technically the war is actually STILL ON.

Laotian Civil War (1953–1975) USA v. Laos and those commie scumbags. Yep. We don’t talk about this one because we LOST.

Lebanon Crisis (1958) USA v. Lebanon, Beirut, because we like Christians and fuck those Muslim twats, right? (God, we’re not a good people in the US...)

Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961) USA & Cuban Revolutionaries v. Cuban Government because fuck the commies. Maybe if we help, we’ll own Cuba again... Oops. Nope. Totally fucked that up.

Simba rebellion, Operation Dragon Rouge (1964) USA and EU Allies v. S.E. Asia in amounted to a total clusterfuck that dissolved Vietnam and was a precursor there as well as other areas. It helped the rise of dictators all throughout the region. Khmer Rouge anyone?

Vietnam War (1955–1975) USA, S. Vietnam, Australia, New Zealand etc. v. China-backed, USSR backed N. Vietnam. The Imperialist WEST v. the Communist EAST. That ended in a shit-show for the West like all proxy wars in southeast Asia do.

Communist insurgency in Thailand (1965–1983) USA/Local allies v. China/ally backed communist rebels. Pretty much a draw that petered out and Communism didn’t really stick... sort of.

Korean DMZ Conflict (1966–1969) USA v. N. Korea because they attempted to convince the S. Koreans to rise up and join the North, throwing out the WEST. No dice for them.

Dominican Civil War (1965–1966) USA v. Dom. Republic insurgents to restore Dem elected government. It worked so well that we would decide never to really do that sort of thing again when doing it the opposite way gets us more money.

Insurgency in Bolivia (1966–1967) USA (CIA) & Bolivia stomp out Che Guevara because we’ll have none of this uprising shit.

Cambodian Civil War (1967–1975) USA v. Cambodian communists, because we were in the area anyway... “THE KILLING FIELDS” happened.

War in South Zaire (1978) USA & Allies v. USSR & Allies in Africa. Yes, another Cold War proxy war. Finally, the US wins one. Yay.

Gulf of Sidra encounter (1981) USA v. Libya- a pissing contest over a line in the water. Libyan fighters fire upon US fighters and get their asses handed to them. USA! USA! USA!

Multinational Intervention in Lebanon (1982–1984) USA joins the U/N to shaft the P.L.O. and Muslims in Lebanon because fuck them and we love Israel.

Invasion of Grenada (1983) USA v. Cuban-backed commie bastards who overthrew the democratically elected government. I know we said we wouldn’t do that again, but we hate Cuba more than these guys.

Action in the Gulf of Sidra (1986) USA v. Libya because fuck you, Qaddafi, and that bullshit line in the water. We’re sending a carrier group in to show YOU where the REAL line is.

Bombing of Libya (1986) USA v. Libya because they keep bombing shit around Europe and they make us keep coming back. France still likes Libya and wouldn’t let US fighters through their airspace as they left German air bases. US pilots were a bit fatigued having to go around the long way and ‘accidentally’ bombed the French Embassy in Libya...

Tanker War (1987–1988) USA v. Iran because fuck them, that’s why. Iran & Iraq were duking it out and Iran thought shooting at US and allied shipping would be good fun. USS Vincennes then shot down Iran Air Flight 655, killing 290 passengers; 66 of which were children. Yeah, we totally fucked that up hard-core.

Tobruk encounter (1989) USA v. Libya. Again. That line. US F-14′s splash their MIGs. Now, stay. Good Libya.

Invasion of Panama (1989–1990) USA v. Panama dictator Manuel Noriega because he’s an evil cunt. No, not really. It was because he wouldn’t play ball with the US and the CIA. He was a drug lord anyway so fuck him.

Gulf War (1990–1991) USA & Allies v. Iraq because Saddam Hussein needed his dick slapped the fuck back out of Kuwait, a US & EU ally.

Iraqi No-Fly Zone Enforcement Operations (1991–2003) USA v. Iraq, because every now and then we had to go blow up some of their shit and keep them in their place.

First U.S. Intervention in the Somali Civil War (1992–1995) USA & Allies v. Somalia because why not? Lots of shooting, lots of dead, and nothing accomplished. The war is STILL going on.

Bosnian War (1992–1995) USA v. Bosnian, post USSR dictators because the US/NATO won’t act until AFTER the genocides...

Intervention in Haiti (1994–1995) USA v. Haiti, because damn it, we’ll restore your democratically elected government and put down that coup... for a price...

Kosovo War (1998–1999) USA and a fuck ton of allies v. Russia-backed Yugoslavia because human rights violations are for US southern CSA states only, fuckers. We sort of won this ‘contest’.

Operation Infinite Reach (1998) USA v. Al Qaeda in Afghanistan, because fuck those ‘towelheads’ we helped push out the Russians! How dare they turn on us imperialists when we treat them like peasants and shit on them? What nerve! How will Big Pharma keep up their poppy fields now? This means war...

THE 21st CENTURY

War in Afghanistan (2001–present)

2003 invasion of Iraq (2003) & Iraq War (2003–2011)

War in North-West Pakistan (2004–present)

Second U.S. Intervention in the Somali Civil War (2007–present)

Operation Ocean Shield (2009–2016) USA v. Somali pirates

International intervention in Libya (2011) Because enough, Qaddafi.

Operation Observant Compass (2011–2017) USA v. Uganda because of terrorist camps

American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present) USA v. ISIS/ISIL in Iraq. Thanks, Obama; right?

American-led intervention in Syria (2014–present) USA v. ISIS/ISIL in Syria where we rounded up lots of ‘terrorist’ fighters.

Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)

American intervention in Libya (2015–present) USA v/ ISIS/ISIL in Libya. It’s as if the war in Iraq pissed off a ton of people in the region along with Israel’s expansion into Palestine territory over the years... Go figure.

THE TRUMP YEARS

Despite fucking over our allies in Syria and being far too cozy with Putin and Kim Jong Un and other dictators, sympathizing with Nazis in the US and having the KKK in his blood, trumplefuckstick hasn’t actually pushed any “NEW” wars upon the US so far. Sure, we’re in a state of chaos and about to collapse into a failed nation-state into that “shithole country” everyone thinks can’t happen here.

The point is:

“HEY JOE FUCKIN’ BIDEN! I DON’T MEAN TO THROW YOU OFF YOUR GAME HERE BUT WHILE I DO NOT CONDONE VIOLENCE, IT SEEMS THAT AS AMERICANS, IT’S THE ONLY WAY WE DO THINGS HERE TO GET SHIT DONE!”

Still don’t believe me? How about some non-war stuff...

How about EVERY act of white supremacist, KKK driven TERROR on non-whites since the Civil War ended or of the slave owners before them?

How about how our first real “police” in the US were bounty hunters looking for runaway slaves?

How about the Tulsa race massacre when white mobs attacked the black residents and business of the Greenwood District in Tulsa because the good people of Oklahoma didn’t want them “uppity niggers” to be doing as well or better than the white racist fucks were doing. That learned ‘em, didn’t it?

Let’s not forget the anti-union suppression! How about the Herrin Massacre? During a United Mineworkers of America nationwide strike union miners shot at strikebreakers working at the mine. The mine's guards killed three union miners on June 21, and the miners killed 20 strikebreakers and guards on June 22.

What about the Hanapepe Massacre? During a strike of Filipino sugar workers, in an attempt to rescue two hostage strikebreakers police killed 16 strikers, while strikers killed four law enforcement members.

Kent State shootings: During a protest of the bombing of Cambodia at the University, members of the Ohio National Guard opened fire, killing four and injuring nine people.

Jackson State University shooting: After responding to the University due to a growing unrest, officers opened fire on a dorm building and two students (one from a local high school) were killed and twelve were injured.

There are more, to be sure, but Mr. Biden, you ARE correct in one particular field here- gun violence. Look at this list HERE. So many acts of mass shootings going WAY back before Columbine. What’s been done about this by you, the Democrats or Republicans of the piece-of-shit NRA? Fuck-all NOTHING.

Your truth, Mr. Biden- in this instance, gun violence literally achieves NOTHING.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_United_States

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mass_shootings_in_the_United_States#1920s

#JoeBiden #FuckTrump #FuckTheGOP #LearnHistory

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steliosagapitos · 3 years

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Charles Edward Perugini (British painter) 1839 - 1918 Playing at Work, ca. 1872 oil on canvas 82.5 x 154.6 cm. National Museums Liverpool, United Kingdom Perugini was born in Naples, but lived with his family in England from the ages of six to seventeen. He trained in Italy under Giuseppe Bonolis and Giuseppe Mancinelli, and in Paris under Ary Scheffer. He became a protégé of Lord Leighton, who brought him back to England in 1863. Perugini may at first have worked as Leighton's studio assistant. Under Leighton's influence, he began as a painter of classical scenes; then "he turned to the more profitable pastures of portrait painting, and genre pictures of pretty women and children." In 1874, he married the youngest daughter of novelist Charles Dickens; as Kate Perugini she pursued her own artistic career, sometimes collaborating with her husband. Perugini's 1878 picture A Girl Reading, perhaps his best-known single work, is in the collection of the Manchester Art Gallery. It was bequeathed by James Thomas Blair in 1917. Perugini's portrait of Sophy Gray, the sister-in-law of Pre-Raphaelite painter Sir John Everett Millais, was for many years mistaken for a work by Millais himself. Perugini and his wife maintained an active social life in artistic circles of their era.

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venicepearl · 3 years

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Susan B. Anthony (February 15, 1820 – March 13, 1906) was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17. In 1856, she became the New York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society.

In 1851, she met Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who became her lifelong friend and co-worker in social reform activities, primarily in the field of women's rights. In 1852, they founded the New York Women's State Temperance Society after Anthony was prevented from speaking at a temperance conference because she was female. In 1863, they founded the Women's Loyal National League, which conducted the largest petition drive in United States history up to that time, collecting nearly 400,000 signatures in support of the abolition of slavery. In 1866, they initiated the American Equal Rights Association, which campaigned for equal rights for both women and African Americans. In 1868, they began publishing a women's rights newspaper called The Revolution. In 1869, they founded the National Woman Suffrage Association as part of a split in the women's movement. In 1890, the split was formally healed when their organization merged with the rival American Woman Suffrage Association to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association, with Anthony as its key force. In 1876, Anthony and Stanton began working with Matilda Joslyn Gage on what eventually grew into the six-volume History of Woman Suffrage. The interests of Anthony and Stanton diverged somewhat in later years, but the two remained close friends.

In 1872, Anthony was arrested for voting in her hometown of Rochester, New York, and convicted in a widely publicized trial. Although she refused to pay the fine, the authorities declined to take further action. In 1878, Anthony and Stanton arranged for Congress to be presented with an amendment giving women the right to vote. Introduced by Sen. Aaron A. Sargent (R-CA), it later became known colloquially as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment. It was eventually ratified as the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920.

Anthony traveled extensively in support of women's suffrage, giving as many as 75 to 100 speeches per year and working on many state campaigns. She worked internationally for women's rights, playing a key role in creating the International Council of Women, which is still active. She also helped to bring about the World's Congress of Representative Women at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893.

When she first began campaigning for women's rights, Anthony was harshly ridiculed and accused of trying to destroy the institution of marriage. Public perception of her changed radically during her lifetime, however. Her 80th birthday was celebrated in the White House at the invitation of President William McKinley. She became the first female citizen to be depicted on U.S. coinage when her portrait appeared on the 1979 dollar coin.

#Susan B. Anthony #women in history #women in activism #women for human rights #women for civil rights #civil rights #women rights #XIX century #XX century #people #portrait #photo #photography #Black and White

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art-now-russia · 3 years

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My little planet, Galust Mkhitaryan

I created a "world list". Even many famous and good people did not get into this work, but they are much more on the list, I'll draw the next time. In the picture all the colors, all the styles in the painting. 252 people, 252 masterpieces, portraits. in this picture are depicted 252 influential people of our planet. People who created our world. The painting is a real museum exhibit, where he painted 252 masterpieces. The very first king from the Mesopotamia, known science Alilum a2 - Lu-Lim XXX BC famous Gilgamesh XXVII-XXVI and the first pharaoh of the first dynasty of Egypt Menes. in my list found the places Iisus Hristos, Muhammad, In the list I painted portraits of great scientists and artists. Great artists and athletes. My heroes, from all over the world and states. There are heroes from China, America, from Central America, from Europe, from Russia. from Armenia and from the East. Successful businessmen of all time, the famous Morgan, Rockefeller and today's Mark Zucemberg. In the picture I drew and negative people in the negative form is Hitler, this is Stalin is Lenin and others. Features of the picture. Thanks to my work, many ancient heroes found their faces. Based on ancient sketches, sculptures and bas-reliefs, I created their faces. Now, Kleopatra,. Tutankhamen, Gilgamesh, Hammurabi have their scientific faces. I was inspired to this work by a portrait of SirWinston Churchill and Charlie Chaplin. After I thought of drawing all the influential people. In the picture, I decided to use different styles, and genres for a change. I also want to show the world to the whole world that the 1915 scum of the Turks cut out such a talented people as the Armenians, and I drew representatives of the Armenian people such as Aram Khacaturyan Charles Aznavour Michel Legrand and many Armenian origins. This is my list of the World, I believe that it is necessary to create such a picture list and make people happy, so that everyone can see on one canvas at once. In the future I will draw even more people, many modern people who did not get into the picture let me be forgiven, because this was the first work. and was very difficult. I think that the picture will be very interesting and attractive. People will walk with phones, turn on the Internet and look for those who are pictured in the picture. At the opening of the exhibition, there will be a queue for viewing portraits. This picture I spent 7 months enjoying the viewers, I dream that people learn from newspapers and from the Internet go and look at this work, in any city where I go to show, there will be numerous views. I specifically tried to draw different styles and techniques. I documented the video snapshots sent by representatives of Guinness World Records. I hope that a positive response will come and I will set a record., The real value of the picture is 1 million Euro. I in other sites exhibited a picture for a million dollars. In Saatchi there is a limit of 100 thousand dollars, so I put out 100 thousand. If in the Saatchi Site the first person who buys something I will sell for 100 thousand dollars. .List of people 1.Gautama Budda Born c. 563 BCE or c. 480 BCE Died c. 483 BCE or c. 400 BCE 2.Maria Mother of Jesus Third quarter of de icentury BC. The middle of the 1st century 3.Iisus Hristos 4 î.Hr. 33 d.Hr. 4. Muhammad April 26, 570 January 8, 632 5 Hayk XXXII or XXX centuries BC. E. 6.Piotr Weliki 30may 1672 28 January 1725 7.Elizabeth I. 7 September 1533 24march 1603 8.Alexandr Graham Bel 3 march 2 August 1922 9.Charlies Robert Darvin 12 February 1809 19 April 1882 10.Enrico Fermi 29 September 1901 - 28 November 1954 11.Tomas Woodrow Wilson 28 Dekember 1856 3 February 1924 12.Winston Churchill Sir 30 November 1874 24 January 1965 13.John F. Kennedy 29 May 1917 - 22 November 1963 14.Charles de Goulle 22 November 1890 9 November 1970 15.William Henri Gates 28 Oktober 1955 16.Minas Avetisyan 20 July 1928 24 February 1975 17.Galust Gulbenkian 23 March 1869 20 Juli 1956 18.Arshille Gorki 15 April 21 July 1948 19.Grigor Shldyan 20 August 1900 1 April 1985 20.Jean Jansem 9 March 1920 27 August 2013 21.Vuslim Magomayev 17 August 1942 25 oktober 2008 22.Demis Roussos 15 1946 25 January 2015 23. Goyko Mitich 13 Junen1940 24.Stiven Frederic Segal 10 April 1952 25. Jean-Claude Van Damme 18 October 1960 26. Alilum a2 - Lu-Lim XXX BC 27. Gilgamesh XXVII-XXVI 28.Menes 2800 BC 2700 BC 29. Kleopatra 2 November 69 12 August 30 BC 30. Nefertiti 1370 BC 1330 BC 31. Tutankhamen XVIII Dynasty of the Nev Kingdom 1332-1323 32. George Washington 22 Febrary 1732 14 December 1799 33. Hammurapi 1820 1750 BC 34. Johann Sebastian Bach 21-31 March 28 July 1750 35. Merritt Singer 27 October 1811 23 July 1875 36. Alfred Bernhard Nobel 21 October 1833 10 December 1896 37. Amerigo Vespucci 9 March 1454 22 February 1512 38. Coco Chanel 19 Augusta 1883 10 January 1971 39. Gianni Versace 2 Dekember 1948 15 July 1997 40. Stive Jobs 24 February 1955 5 October 2011 41. John Davison Rocefeller 8 July 1839 23 May 1937 42. Sr John Pierpont Morgan 17 April 31 March 1913 43. Raymond Alfred «Ray» Kroc 5 October 1902 14 January 1984 44. Andrew Carnegie 25 November 11 August 1919 45. Walter Elias Disney 5 December 1901 15 December 1966 46. Martiros Saryan 28 February 1880 5 May 1972 47. Ciorgio Armani 11 July 1930 48. Jack" Kevorkian 26 May 1928 3 June 1911 49.Garegin Nzhdeh 1 January 1886 21 December 1955 50. Arthur Abraham 20 February 1980 51. Sergei Parajanov 9 January 1924 20 July 1990 52. Tigran Petrosyan 17 June 1929 13 August 1984 53. Alessandro Safina October 14, 1963 54. Antonio Banderas 10 August 1960 55. Mark Elliot Zucemberg 14 May 1984 56. Sir Isaac Newton 25 December 1640 20 March 1726 57. Will Smith 29 September 1968 58. Leonardo Di Caprio 11 November 1974 59. Alla Pugachova 15 April 1949 60. Gyros 590 BC 530 BC 61. Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus 27 Febrary 272 23 May 337 62. Asoka 304 BCE 232 BCE 63. Gaius Julius Cesar 13 July 100 BC 15 March 44 BC 64. Aleksandr Makedonski 356 July 323 BC 65. Genghis Khan 1156 - 1162 25 August 1227 66. Ferdinand Porsche 3 September 1875 January 1950 67. Emest Hemingway 21 Jule 1899 2 Jule 1961 68. Nikolaus Copernicus 19 Feruary 1473 14 May 1543 69. Michelangelo 6 March 1475 18 February 1564 70. Galileo Galilei 15 Feruary 1564 8 January 1642 71. Boris Piotrovski 14 February 1908 15 Oktober 1990 72. Henry Ford 30 July 1863 7 April 1947 73. Baron Amchel Mayer von Rotscchild 23 Febrary 1744 19 September 1812 74. Cornelius Vanderbilt 27 May 1794 4 January 1877 75. Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov 24 November 1730 18 May 1800 .76. Vasco da Gamma 29 September 1469 24 December 1524 77. Mikhail Gorbachov 2 March 1931 78. Abraham Alikhanian 20 February 1904 8 December 1970 79. Shavarsh Karapetyan 19 May 1953 80. Andre Aggasi 29 April 1970 81. Komitas 26 September 1869 22 Oktober 1935 82. Yurik Vardanyan 13 June 1956 83. Cher Cherlyn Sarkisyan 20 May 1946 84. George Clooney 6 May 1961 85. Jackie Chan 7 April 1954 86. Jean-Paul Belmondo 9April 1933 87. Alain Delon 8 november 1935 88. Elton Jhon March 1947 89. Elvis Presley 8 January 1935 90. Cai Lun 48-62 CE 121 91. Aristotel 384 BC - 322 BC 92. Emperor Wen ot Han 202 BC 157 BC 93. Sui Wendi 21 July 541 AD 13 August 604 94. Erik Raudi Thorvaldsson 950 103 95. Leonardo Da Sir Piero da 15 April 1452 2 May 1519 96. Willam Shakespeare 1564 23 April 1616 97. Ludwig Van Beethoven December 1770 26 March 1827 98. Alexander Dumas 24 July 1802 5 December 1876 99. Mikhail Lomonosov 19 November 1711 15 April 1765 100. Fridtjof Nansen 10 October 1862 30 May 1930 101. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela 18 July 1918 5 December 2013 102. Mother Tereza 26 August 1910 5 September 1997 103. Indira Gandhi 19 November 1917 31 October 1984 104. Karl Marx 5 May 1918 14 March 1883 105.Viktor Amazaspovich Ambartsumyan 18 September 1908 12 August 1996 106. Ovanes Aivazovski 17 Juny 1817 2 May 1900 107. Arno Babajanyan 22 January 1921 11 November 1983 108. Aram Khacaturyan 6 June 1903 1 May 1978 109. Andranik Zoravar Ozanyan 25 Feebruary 1865 31 August 1927 110. Kirk Douglas 9 December 1916 111. John Winston Lennon 9 October 1940 8 December 1980 112. Louis Daniel Armstrong 4 August 1901 6 July 1971 113. Charlie Chaplin 16 April 1889 25 Dekember 1977 114. Louis de Funes 31 July 1914 27 January 1983 115. Bruce Lee 27 November 1940 20 July 1973 116. Lise Koch 22 September 1906 1 September 1967 117. Lavrenti Pavlovich Beria 29 March 1899 23 Dekember 1953 118. Heinrich Luitpold Himmler 7 October 1900 23 May 1945 119. Lenin 22 April 1870 21 January 1924 120. Adolf Hitler 20 April 1889 30 April 1945 121. Tamerlane 9 April 1336 19 February 1405 122. Spartacus Diet in April 71 BC 123. Hipokrat 1 March 460 CE 370 CE 124. Niccolo Paganini 27 October 1782 27 May 1840 125. Robertino Lorreti 22 October 1946 126. Wolfgang Amadeus Mazart 27 January 1756 5 December 1791 127. Cristopher Columbu 31 October 1451 20 May 1506 128. Albert Einstein 14 March 1879 18 April 1955 129. Andrei Dmitrievich Shakarov 21 May 1921 14 December 1989 130. Ferdinand Magellan 3Februari 1480 27 April 1521 131. James Gamble 3 April 1803 29 April 1891 132. Isbella I de Castille 22 April 1451 26 November 1504 133. Che Guevara 14 June 1928 9 October 1967 134. Micho SUzuki 10 February 1877 27 october 1982 136. Dalai Lama 6 July 1935 137. Mesrop Mashtoch 361 17 February 441 138. Ovanes Bagramyan 2 Dekember 1897 21 September 1982 139. Gevorg Vardanyan 17 February 1924 10 January 2012 140. Hovhannes Toumanyan 19 February 1869 23 March 1923 141Movses Khorenatsi 410 CA 490 142. Raj Kapoor 14 Dekember 1924 2 June 1988 143. Fatima Rashid Nargis Dutt 1 June 1929 3 May 1981 144. Paul Mc Cartney 18 June 1942 145. Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin 6 June 1799 10 February 1837 146. Garsia Lorca 5 June 1898 19 August 1936 147. Tigranes II 95 CE 55 CE 148. Josep Stalin 18 December 1878 5 March 1953 149. Pol Pot 19 May 1925 15 April 1996 150. Enver Pasha 22 November 1881 4 August 1922 151. Mehmed Talat pasha 10 April 1874 15 March 1921 152. Delphine La Laurie 19 March 1787 7 December 1849 153. Herostratus Diedc 356 BC 154. Amin Idi Dada 1923 16 August 2003 155. Shiro Ishii 25 June 1892 9 October 1959 156. Stiven Allan Spielberg 18 Dekember 1946 157. Julio Iglesias 23 September 1943 158. Monserrat Caballe 12 April 1933 159. John Christopher Depp 9 June 1963 160. Mark Tvain 30 November 1835 21 april 1910 161. Confucus 09 -28 551BC 479 162. Napoleon Bonapart 15 August 1769 5 May 182 163. Mansur Hasan Firdousi Tusi 935 1020 164. Nizami 1141 1209 165. Omar Khayyam 18 May 1040 4 december 1131 166. Quanah Parker 1845- 1852 25 Feburary 1911 167. Robert Bosh 23 September 1861 12 March 1942 168. Jams Clerk Maxvell 13 June 1831 5 Novwmber 1879 169. Martin Luther King 15 January 1929 4 April 1968 170. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy 9 September 1828 20 November 1910 171. Armen Dzhigarkhanyan 3 October 1935 172. Charles Aznavour 22 May 1924 173. Jivan Gasparyan 12 October 1928 174. Yousuf Karsh 23 December 1908 13 June 2002 175. Kim Kardashian 21 October 1980 176. Serj Tankian 21 August 1967 177. Luciano Pavarotti 12 October 1935 6 September 2007 178. Viktoria Ronjina 7 December 2011 179. Arnold Schawarzenegger 30 July 1947 180. Mel Gipson 3 January 1956 181. Sylvester Stollone 6 July 1946 182. Amitabh Bachchan 11 October 1942 183. Adriano Celentano 6 January 1938 184. Bridgitte Dordot 28 September 1934 185. Sophia Loren 20 September 1934 186. Sara Brightman 14 August 1960 187. Elizabeth Taylor 27 February 1932 23 March 2011 188. Jean Alfred Villain-Mararis 11 December 1913 8 November 1998 189. Janne d. Arc 6January 1412 30 May 1431 190. Arhimed 287 BC 191. Paul The Apostle 5-10 67 192. Jacques-Yves Cousteau 11 June 1910 25 June 1997 193. Yuri Gagarin 9March 1934 27 March 1968 194. Julius Robert Oppenheimer 22 April 1904 18 February 1967 195. Mikhail Kalashnikov 10 November 1919 23 December 2013 196. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev 8 February 1834 2 February 1907 197. Simon Bolivar 24 July 1783 23 December 1830 198. Salvador Dali 11 May 1904 23 January 1989 199. Wassily Kandinsky 16 Dekember 1866 13 Dekember 1944 200. Andy Warhol 1 August 1928 22 February 1987 201. Michel Jean Legrand 24 February 1932 202. William Saroyan 31 Augusta 1908 18 May 1981 203. Artem Ivanovich Mikoyan 5 August 1905 9 December 1970 204. Larry Gagosyan 19 April 1945 205. Jean Carzou 1 January 1907 17 November 2000 206. Vasily Alekseyev 7 January 1942 25 November 2011 207. Angelina Jolie 4 June 1975 208. Aishwarya Rai 1 November 1973 209. William Bradley Pitt 18 December 1963 210. Jennifer Lynn Lopez 24. July 1969 211. Dahram Singh Deol Dharment dra 8 December 1935 212. Hema Malinini R Chakravarth c 16 Oktober 1948 213. Jordi Cruyff 25 April 1947 24 March 2016 214. Eusebio da Silva Ferrera 25 January 1942 215. Herd Muller 3 November 1945 216. Pele 21 October 1940 217.Sergei Pavlovich Korolev 12 January 1906 14 January 1966 218. Muhammad Ali 17 January 1942 3 June 2016 219. Ronaldinho Gaucho 21 March 1980 220. Adrey Shevchenko 29 September 1976 221. Pablo Picasso 25 October 1881 8April 1973 222. Paul Gauguin 7 June 1848 8 May 1903 223. Vincent Van Gogh 30 March 1853 29 July 1890 224. Zurab Tsereteli 4 January 1934 225. Ayrton Senna 21 March 1960 1 May 1994 226. John Tavares 20 September 1990 227. Lev Ivanovich Yashin 22 October 1929 20 March 1990 228. Wladimir Klitschko 25 March 1976 229. Vitali Klitschko 19 July 1971 230. Carlos Ray Chak Norris 10 March 1940 231. Alfredo James Pacino 25 April 1940 232. Michael Joseph Jackson 29 August 1958 25 June 2009 233. Marilyan Monroe 1June 1926 5 August 1962 234. Diego Armando Maradona 30 October 1960 235.Ronaldo Luis Nazario de Lama 18 September 1976 236. Lionel Andres Messi 24 June 1987 237. Cristiano Ronaldo 5 February 1985 238. Oleh Blokhin 5 November 1952 239. Michel Francois Platini 21 June 1955 240. Alex Ferguson 31 December 1941 241. Steffi Graf 14 June 1969 242. Franz Anton Beckenbauer 11 September 1945 243. Carl Lewis 1 June 1961 244. Irina Rodnina 12 September 1949 245. Michael Jeffrey Jordan 17 February 1963 246. Ezekiel Kemboi Cheboi 25 May 1982 247. Serhii Nazarovych Bubka 4 December 1963 248. Shaguille Rashaun O' Nea 6 March 1972 249. Valeri Kharlamov 14 January 1948 27 August 1981 250. Michael Schumacher 3 January 1969 251. Mike Tyson 30 June 1966 252. Mkhitaryan Galust 1 January 1959

https://www.saatchiart.com/art/Painting-My-little-planet/906390/4318854/view

#galustmkhitaryan #portraiture

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romanticfistfightz · 4 years

Note

hello you cunt, I just wanted to say out loud my opinion about you since it looks like no-one else will. You're a white, cis man who looks for attention while calling himself "non-binary" and wearing feminine clothing - guess what, it doesn't make you "non-binary", you're still a man! so stop pretending like you're not, you're hurting the ACTUAL non-binary people.

okay first of all i take deep offense from you calling me a cis man coz i have as much in common with being one as you have with being a nice person.

anyway. heres some things you can read about he/him lesbians:

"I like the gender neutral pronoun "ze/hir" because it makes it impossible to hold on to gender/sex/sexuality assumptions about a person you're about to meet or you've just met. And in an all trans setting, referring to me as "he/him" honors my gender expression in the same way that referring to my sister drag queens as "she/her" does.”

“But a truly inclusive view would deconstruct the idea that pronouns are inherently indicative of gender in the first place. They are, ultimately, gendered signifiers, culturally suggestive of masculinity/maleness (he/him), femininity/femaleness (she/her), or “neutrality” (they/them, xe/xyr, zie/hir, etc.) Just as a butch lesbian might cut their hair short, wear more masculine clothing, or shorten their name to something more typically masculine, they might equally use he/him, they/them, or any other pronoun as an element of butch presentation, and/or non-binary identity.”

other than that, i cant link you an article but you have to remember that years ago butch lesbians used he/him pronouns as a safe way to hide the fact that they’re women when they were out with their partner as a way to not get harrassed/attacked.

and about neopronouns:

“(...) sometime around 1850, were "ne, nis, nim", and "hiser". In 1868, "en" appeared, followed by a rush in 1884: "thon, thons", "hi, hes, hem", "le, lis, lim", "unus", "talis", "hiser, himer", "hyser, hymer", and "ip, ips".”

“(...) They came up with ou (1789), ne (ca. 1850), heesh (ca. 1860), er (1863), ve (1864), en, han, and un (1868 was a big year for pronouns), le (1871), e (1878), and ip (1884), to name just a few of the early ones.”

“Several sets of pronouns use "ne" in the nominative form. One set of "ne" pronouns is one of the oldest sets of neo-pronouns, but not all its forms were recorded: ne, nim, nis, (not recorded), (not recorded), which was created around 1850, and appeared in print in 1884.”

so, as you can see, neopronouns have been around for hundreds of years.

you also have to remember that not everyone comes from an english speaking countries, quite a few countries use languages that simply do not use gendered terms, and when they use english they chose the ones most similar/most comfortable to use.

as for it pronouns, people who use them have their own reasons as to why - usually its to reclaim the word after being called “it” by many people like transphobes who wanted to offend them, same way some gay people reclaim faggot, or lesbians reclaim dyke.

on dysphoria:

“Go into any comment section on any transgender content, and I’ll place bets you’ll find someone decry that transgender people are mentally ill somewhere in there. If indeed gender dysphoria, a mental illness, is a requirement for being transgender, would that mean they are that far off? And, as I already stated, if you treat gender dysphoria, have you cured your transness too? Is being transgender something we really want to be curable? (...)

(...) Defining an identity by oppression and pain is not a new concept. In fact, it’s exactly what TERFs, or trans-exclusionary radical feminists, do to trans women to frame them as not women. TERFs claim that because trans women were not socialized as women since birth, have not suffered direct misogyny (and can never suffer it having not been born a woman), they can never claim to be a woman. (...)

It’s also worth mentioning that requiring gender dysphoria as a requirement for being transgender also creates a eurocentric view of being transgender. It forgets the idea of two-spirits, hijra, and kathoeys and the long histories they bring, and the differing paths taken to discover those genders.”

“Not all transgender people suffer from gender dysphoria and that distinction is important to keep in mind. Gender dysphoria and/or coming out as transgender can occur at any age.”

“For some transgender people, the difference between the gender they are thought to be at birth and the gender they know themselves to be can lead to serious emotional distress that affects their health and everyday lives if not addressed. Gender dysphoria is the medical diagnosis for someone who experiences this distress.Not all transgender people have gender dysphoria. On its own, being transgender is not considered a medical condition. Many transgender people do not experience serious anxiety or stress associated with the difference between their gender identity and their gender of birth, and so may not have gender dysphoria.”

and last thing, you simply do not have any rights to claim what person i am or am not. my gender identity and my sexuality are my things, not yours to tell me. you dont know me in real life, im sure of that, so you have absolutely nothing to base yourself on other than selfies i post on here, but for clarification: i am not a cis man. ive never been a binary man. i do not have a dick or naturally flat chest, i am on hormones and after surgery to accomplish flat chest.

i dont really identify with a specific gender or sexuality, so i just say im nonbinary to signify that without going into specifics. i say im gay because my boyfriend is a guy and because of hormones im usually male passing, even though i don’t identify as a man attracted strictly to other men.

and honestly? i know many trans people who use they/them or neopronouns as theyre also nonbinary. neopronouns aren’t “confusing”, you’re just an asshole. if you think about it, “he” and “she” at one point in history were also neopronouns.

as to emoji pronouns - they’re used online, as it’d be impossible to use irl (for example a person using 🌸 pronouns could use flower/flowerself irl, or any other pronouns) and yes, they are newer than others, but that doesnt mean theyre less important, theyre just another way of presenting yourself!

#i would be sorry for a long post but this is not the first time someone came @ me w shit like that #even tho this person was the most aggressive abt that #anyway this is okay to reblog #and if anyone has anything to add u absolutely can!#for example if i forgot to mention something #ask #anonymous #ok 2 rb #shutup #pride month

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bm2ab · 4 years

Photo

Arrivals & Departures 15 February 1820 – 13 March 1906 Celebrate Susan B. Anthony Day!

Susan B. Anthony (15 February 1820 – 13 March 1906) was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17. In 1856, she became the New York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society.

In 1872, Anthony was arrested for voting in her hometown of Rochester, New York, and convicted in a widely publicized trial. Although she refused to pay the fine, the authorities declined to take further action. In 1878, Anthony and Stanton arranged for Congress to be presented with an amendment giving women the right to vote. Introduced by Sen. Aaron A. Sargent (R-CA), it later became known colloquially as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment. It was ratified as the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920.

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westpromised · 4 years

Text

A tentative timeline of Mary’s life:

born 1863 in the Laramie territory as firstborn daughter to Hester and Samuel Gillis

1877: brother Jamie born

1878: Hester Gillis dies of yellow fever

1880-1889 (ca. age 17-26): courtship with Arthur, ending in a canceled engagement

1890 (age 27): marriage to Bartholomew (Barry) Linton, a childhood friend

1897: Barry dies of pneumonia

1899: events of RDR.2

1907: Samuel Gillis dies of a gunshot wound

tbc.

The Laramie territory is my headcanon for what’s north of Ambarino and the Grizzlies and is a stand-in for Wyoming, basically.

#MARY / HC.#updated timeline!

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artasnoidea · 6 years

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POPULATION

Abounaddara Akinbode Akinbiyi Nevin Aladağ Danai Anesiadou Andreas Angelidakis Aristide Antonas Rasheed Araeen Ariuntugs Tserenpil Michel Auder Alexandra Bachzetsis Nairy Baghramian Sammy Baloji Arben Basha Rebecca Belmore Sokol Beqiri Roger Bernat Bili Bidjocka Ross Birrell Llambi Blido Nomin Bold Pavel Brăila Geta Brătescu Miriam Cahn María Magdalena Campos-Pons and Neil Leonard Vija Celmins Banu Cennetoğlu Panos Charalambous Nikhil Chopra Ciudad Abierta Marie Cool Fabio Balducci Anna Daučíková Moyra Davey Yael Davids Agnes Denes Manthia Diawara Beau Dick (1955–2017) Maria Eichhorn Hans Eijkelboom Bonita Ely Theo Eshetu Aboubakar Fofana Peter Friedl Guillermo Galindo Regina José Galindo Israel Galván, Niño de Elche, and Pedro G. Romero Daniel García Andújar Pélagie Gbaguidi Apostolos Georgiou Yervant Gianikian and Angela Ricci Lucchi Gauri Gill Marina Gioti Beatriz González Douglas Gordon Hans Haacke Constantinos Hadzinikolaou Irena Haiduk Ganesh Haloi Anna Halprin Dale Harding David Harding Maria Hassabi Edi Hila Susan Hiller Hiwa K Olaf Holzapfel Gordon Hookey iQhiya Sanja Iveković Amar Kanwar Romuald Karmakar Andreas Ragnar Kassapis Kettly Noël Bouchra Khalili Khvay Samnang Daniel Knorr Katalin Ladik Lala Rukh (1948–2017) David Lamelas Rick Lowe Alvin Lucier Ibrahim Mahama Narimane Mari Mata Aho Collective Mattin Jonas Mekas Angela Melitopoulos Phia Ménard Lala Meredith-Vula Gernot Minke Marta Minujín Naeem Mohaiemen Hasan Nallbani Joar Nango Rosalind Nashashibi and Nashashibi/Skaer Negros Tou Moria Otobong Nkanga Emeka Ogboh Olu Oguibe Rainer Oldendorf Pauline Oliveros (1932–2016) Joaquín Orellana Mejía Christos Papoulias Véréna Paravel and Lucien Castaing-Taylor Benjamin Patterson (1934–2016) Dan Peterman Angelo Plessas Nathan Pohio Pope.L Postcommodity Prinz Gholam R. H. Quaytman Gerhard Richter Abel Rodríguez Tracey Rose Roee Rosen Arin Rungjang Ben Russell Georgia Sagri Máret Ánne Sara Ashley Hans Scheirl Marilou Schultz David Schutter Algirdas Šeškus Nilima Sheikh Ahlam Shibli Zef Shoshi Mounira Al Solh Annie Sprinkle and Beth Stephens Eva Stefani K. G. Subramanyan (1924–2016) Vivian Suter El Hadji Sy Sámi Artist Group (Keviselie/Hans Ragnar Mathisen, Britta Marakatt-Labba, Synnøve Persen) Terre Thaemlitz Piotr Uklański Jakob Ullmann Antonio Vega Macotela Cecilia Vicuña Annie Vigier & Franck Apertet (les gens d’Uterpan) Wang Bing Lois Weinberger Stanley Whitney Elisabeth Wild Ruth Wolf-Rehfeldt Ulrich Wüst Zafos Xagoraris Sergio Zevallos Mary Zygouri Artur Żmijewski

Zainul Abedin (1914–1976) Stephen Antonakos (1926–2013) Arseny Avraamov (1886–1944) Ernst Barlach (1870–1938) Étienne Baudet (ca. 1638–1711) Samuel Beckett (1906–1989) Franz Boas (1858–1942) Arnold Bode (1900–1977) Lorenza Böttner (1959–1994) Marcel Broodthaers (1924–1976) Lucius Burckhardt (1925–2003) Abdurrahim Buza (1905–1986) Vlassis Caniaris (1928–2011) Sotir Capo (1934–2012) Cornelius Cardew (1936–1981) Ulises Carrión (1941–1989) Agim Çavdarbasha (1944–1999) Chittaprosad (1915–1978) Jani Christou (1926–1970) Chryssa (1933–2013) André du Colombier (1952–2003) Gustave Courbet (1819–1877) Christopher D’Arcangelo (1955–1979) Bia Davou (1932–1996) Maya Deren (1917–1961) Ioannis Despotopoulos (1903–1992) Thomas Dick (1877–1927) Carl Friedrich Echtermeier (1845–1910) Maria Ender (1897–1942) Forough Farrokhzad (1935–1967) Conrad Felixmüller (1897–1977) Pavel Filonov (1883–1941) Niccolò di Pietro Gerini (1340–1414) Tomislav Gotovac (1937–2010) Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm (1785–1863, 1786–1859) Ludwig Emil Grimm (1790–1863) Giovanni di ser Giovanni Guidi (1406–1486) Cornelia Gurlitt (1890–1919) Louis Gurlitt (1812–1897) Nikos Hadjikyriakos-Ghika (1906–1994) Oskar Hansen (1922–2005) Sedje Hémon (1923–2011) Theodor Heuss (1884–1963) Karl Hofer (1878–1955) Ralph Hotere (1931–2013) Albert Jaern (1893–1949) Iver Jåks (1932–2007) Sunil Janah (1918–2012) Alexander Kalderach (1880–1965) Tshibumba Kanda Matulu (1947–1981 disappeared) Leo von Klenze (1784–1864) Kel Kodheli (1918–2006) Louis Kolitz (1845–1914) Spiro Kristo (1936–2011) KSYME-CMRC (founded 1979) Anna “Asja” Lācis (1891–1979) Maria Lai (1919–2013) Yves Laloy (1920–1999) Valery Pavlovich Lamakh (1925–1978) George Lappas (1950–2016) Karl Leyhausen (1899–1931) Max Liebermann (1847–1935) George Maciunas (1931–1978) Ernest Mancoba (1904–2002) Oscar Masotta (1930–1979) Mikhail Matyushin (1861–1934) Pandi Mele (1939–2015) Tina Modotti (1896–1942) Benode Behari Mukherjee (1904–1980) Krzysztof Niemczyk (1938–1994) Ivan Peries (1921–1988) David Perlov (1930–2003) André Pierre (1915–2005) Dimitris Pikionis (1887–1968) Dmitri Prigov (1940–2007) Hasan Reçi (1914–1980) W. Richter Anne Charlotte Robertson (1949–2012) Erna Rosenstein (1913–2004) August Wilhelm and Friedrich Schlegel (1767–1845, 1772–1829) Bruno Schulz (1892–1942) Scratch Orchestra (1969–1974) Tom Seidmann-Freud (1892–1930) Allan Sekula (1951–2013) Baldugiin Sharav (1869–1939) Amrita Sher-Gil (1913–1941) Vadim Sidur (1924–1986) August Spies (1855–1887) Foto Stamo (1916–1989) Gani Strazimiri (1915–1993) Władysław Strzemiński (1893–1952) Alina Szapocznikow (1926–1973) Yannis Tsarouchis (1910–1989) Antonio Vidal (1928–2013) Albert Weisgerber (1878–1915) Lionel Wendt (1900–1944) Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768) Fritz Winter (1905–1976) Basil Wright (1907–1987) Andrzej Wróblewski (1927–1957) Ivan Wyschnegradsky (1893–1979) Iannis Xenakis (1922–2001) Androniqi Zengo Antoniu (1913–2000) Pierre Zucca (1943–1995)

Documenta14, 2017

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tapchidangnho · 4 years

Text

Đường Catinat, con đường xưa và nổi tiếng nhất Sài Gòn thời Pháp thuộc

Trong số hàng trăm con đường của Sài Gòn, đường Catinat (xưa là đường Đồng Khởi) là một trong số rất ít những con đường kỳ cựu nhất. Nó hiện diện từ trước khi Pháp đánh chiếm Sài Gòn và tầm quan trọng của nó trải dài từ thời Pháp thuộc cho đến bây giờ.Trong quyển “Nam kỳ phong tục nhơn vật diễn ca” (NXB. Đinh Thái Sơn, Sài Gòn, 1909), nhà nghiên cứu âm nhạc cổ truyền Việt Nam thời Pháp thuộc Nguyễn Liên Phong đã mô tả đoạn đầu đường Catinat vào đầu thế kỷ 20 như sau:“Nhứt là đường Ca-ti-na,Hai bên lầu các, phố nhà phân minh..Máy may mấy chỗ quá nhiều,Các tiệm tủ ghế dập dều phô trươngĐồ sành, đồ cẩn, đồ đương [đan]Đồ thêu, đồ chạm trữ thường thiếu chi..Nhà in, nhà thuộc, nhà chà,Nhà hàng ăn ngủ với nhà lạc son”Theo nhiều tư liệu thì “Rue Catinat” được xem là con đường xưa và nổi tiếng nhất Sài Gòn. Đây cũng là con đường đầu tiên được thiết lập khi Pháp quy hoạch lại thành phố sau khi chiếm được và phá thành Sài Gòn. Còn được gọi là “Rue no. 16” lúc ban đầu cho đến khi là con đường được tráng nhựa đầu tiên, “Rue Catinat” nhanh chóng trở thành trung tâm sinh hoạt thương mại của thành phố.

Năm 1861, khi Sài Gòn lọt vào tay quân Pháp thì con đường này đã có một quá trình dài góp mặt vào sinh hoạt của cư dân địa phương. Nó được biết đến nhiều vì ở đầu con đường, nơi giáp với bờ sông (sông Sài Gòn), từng là nơi vua nhà Nguyễn đến nghỉ ngơi và … tắm (Bến Ngự). Tuy nhiên, từ trước năm 1865, nó cùng 25 con đường khác chỉ mang số thứ tự kế tiếp nhau, từ 1 đến 26. Phải chờ đến ngày 1.2.1865, Đề đốc De La Grandière mới đặt tên cho từng con đường một và con đường số 16 lần đầu tiên mang tên Catinat. Nhiều người không rõ xuất xứ của tên này. Theo một số sử liệu, Catinat là tên một thống chế Pháp sinh năm 1637 và mất năm 1712, phục vụ dưới thời vua Louis XIV. Giữa thế kỷ XIX, Pháp lấy tên Catinat đặt cho một chiếc tàu chiến từng tham gia trận đánh Sài Gòn năm 1859 và dựa vào chi tiết này, De La Grandière đặt cho con đường số 16 tên Catinat (trường hợp tương tự cũng xảy ra với rạch Thị Nghè, được Pháp gọi là Arroyo d’Avalanche).Một trong những tác giả Pháp đầu tiên là Pallu de la Barrière đã miêu tả con đường số 16 này vào năm 1861 như sau: “Du khách đến Sài Gòn nhìn thấy bên hữu ngạn con sông một loại đường phố mà hai bên bị đứt quãng bởi những khoảng trống lớn. Phần lớn nhà cửa làm bằng cây lợp lá cọ ngắn; số khác ít hơn, làm bằng đá. ái nhà lợp bằng ngói đỏ làm vui mắt và tạo được cảm giác yên bình…”. Tính cách quan trọng của con đường Catinat thể hiện ở chỗ nó được thực dân Pháp sử dụng làm trung tâm của bộ máy thuộc địa. Đầu tiên, vào năm 1863, ở vạt đất nằm giữa hai con đường Mossard (nay là Nguyễn Du) và Gouverneur (sau là De La Grandlière, Gia Long, nay là Lý Tự Trọng), họ dựng lên dinh Thủy sư Đề đốc, cơ quan đầu não của thực dân Pháp tại Viễn Đông, gần chiếc đồng hồ lên cái tháp trước dinh, từ đó, quảng đất trống phía trước (nay là khu đất trước mặt tiền Nhà thờ Đức Bà) được gọi là “Quảng trường Đồng hồ” (Place de l’Horloge). Ngày 15-8-1865, tại quảng trường này đã diễn ra một buổi lễ trong thể có duyệt binh do chính De La Grandière chủ trì nhằm tôn vinh Hoàng đế Pháp Napoléon III và Hoàng hậu.Năm 1864, Nha Giám đốc Nội vụ (Direction de I’ Intérieur), người dân đương thời gọi là “Dinh Thượng thơ”, được xây dựng, nhìn ra đường Catinat, ở phía đối diện dinh Thủy sư Đề đốc. Viên chức lãnh đạo cơ quan này, xét về mặt cai trị, chỉ xếp sau Thống đốc Nam Kỳ, trực tiếp chỉ huy các tham biện Pháp và quan lại Việt Nam hàng Huyện, Phủ, Đốc phủ sứ. Đầu thập niên 1880, ngay trên lộ trình con đường chạy qua, mọc lên ngôi nhà thờ Notre Dame, về sau được cư dân Sài Gòn gọi là Nhà thờ Đức Bà hay Vương cung Thánh đường. Sau lưng nhà thờ là đường Norodom (nay là Lê Duẩn), lấy tên ông hoàng xứ Cambodge (Campuchia) đến thăm Sài Gòn vào đầu năm 1867, nhân cuộc đấu xảo canh nông đầu tiên tổ chức tại đây.

Năm 1886, Pháp khởi công xây trụ sở chính Sở Bưu chính và Viễn thông (nay là Bưu điện ) trên khu đất đối diện với mặt tiền nhà thờ, nằm giữa con đường Catinat và đường Paul Blanchy (nay là Hai Bà Trưng). Cuối đường Catinat, người ta nhìn thấy một tháp nước cao được xây dựng năm 1878 nhằm cung cấp nước uống cho cư dân trong vùng. Tuy nhiên, đến năm 1921, với sự phát triển của dân cư, tháp nước này không còn đáp ứng được yêu cầu nên bị đập bỏ. Ngày 1.1.1900, nhà hát Tây (nay là Nhà hát thành phố) được khánh thành trên giao lộ đường Bonard (nay là Lê Lợi) và Catinat, trở thành nơi biểu diễn thường xuyên của những đoàn hát từ phương Tây đến.Sau khi các công trình xây dựng cơ sở hạ tầng (đường xá, xe lửa), công sở, cơ quan hành chánh và thương mại được thống đốc dân sự Le Myre de Vilers (1879 – 1883) năng động khởi công và thúc đẩy hoàn thành, Sài Gòn cuối thế kỷ 19 đầu thế kỷ 20, sau hơn 35 năm bị Pháp chiếm đóng, đã trở thành một thành phố có cảnh quan được quy hoạch hài hòa, kiến trúc khu trung tâm có nhiều nét tương đồng các thành phố ở châu Âu. Thậm chí, các du khách đến từ Âu châu và Viễn Đông (chỉ các nước Đông Á) đã có cảm nhận chung Sài Gòn là “Perle de l’Orient” đối với người Pháp, hay “Paris of the East” đối với các du khách từ các quốc gia hay thuộc địa nói tiếng Anh trong vùng Viễn Đông. https://dangnho.com/doi-song/xua/duong-catinat-con-duong-xua-va-noi-tieng-nhat-sai-gon-thoi-phap-thuoc.html

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victorianwhitechapel · 3 years

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Catherine Eddowes timeline

1842 – Catherine is born at 20 Merridale Street, Graisley Green, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, to tinplate worker George Eddowes and his wife cook Catherine née Evans (April 14).

1848 – Catherine’s father George and uncle William leave their jobs in Wolverhampton, and with their families they walk to Berdmondsey, in the London borough of Southwark.

1855 – Catherine’s education at St John’s Charity School, Patters Field, Tooley Street, ends.

1855 – When Catherine is 13, her mother Catherine Evans Eddowes dies (October).

1857 – Her father George dies when she’s around 15, and she goes to live with an aunt.

Ca. 1860 – She eventually returns to finish her education at Dowgate Charity School and to care for her aunt in Biston Street, Wolverhampton, and to work as a tinplate stamper, a colour stover and a grainer at the Old Hall Works.

1860/61 – When about eighteen years old, Catherine moves to Birmingham, where she briefly lives with an uncle, shoe maker Thomas Eddowes. She works as a tray polisher for some months before returning to Wolverhampton, where she lives for a time with her grandfather also named Thomas Eddowes. Some months later, she moves to Birmingham again.

1862 – Catherine leaves home at 19 to live with ex-soldier Thomas Conway aka Thoas Quinn.

1862/63 – Catherine and Thomas earn a living around Birmingham and other West Midland towns by selling “Penny Dreadfull”s and Gallows Ballads penned by him.

1863 – Catherine Ann “Annie”, Catherine’s and Thomas’s first child is born atYarmouth Workhouse in Norfolk (April 18).

1865 – The family resides in Wolverhampton, and Thomas is also writing music hall ballads.

1867 – Catherine’s and Thomas’ second child, son Thomas Lawrence, is born (December 8).

1868 – Catherine and Thomas, and their children Annie and Thomas live in Westminster, London.

1871 – The family has settled at 1 Queen Street, Southwark, Catherine works as a laundress.

1873 – Their third child, George, is born at St George’s Workhouse, Mint Street, St Saviour’s (August 15).

1877 – Catherine’s and Thomas’ fourth and last child, Frederick William, is born at the Union Infirmary, Greenwich (February 21).

1877 – Catherine, aged 36 and working as a washerwoman, is convicted at Lambeth of ‘Drunk &c’. She receives a 14 day sentence which she serves in Wandsworth with her infant son Frederick (August 6).

1878 – Laundress Catherine is sentenced at Southwark to 7 days in Wandsworth Prison for being ‘drunk in a thoro'fare’ (August 17).

1881 – The family has moved to 71 Lower George Street, Chelsea, but it appears that their ‘marriage’ breaks up soon after. Thoas takes their sons with him, and Catherine and her daughter Annie go to Spitalfields to live near Catherine’s sister Eliza Gold.

Ca. 1881/82 – Catherine meets Irish jobbing market porter John Kelly. They eventually move in together at Cooney’s common lodging-house at 55 Flower and Dean Street, Spitalfields.

1886 – Catherine’s daughter Annie is bedridden and pays her mother to attend her. That is the last time Annie, aged 21, sees her mother (September).

1888 – Catherine and John go hop picking as every year to Hunton-near-Maidstone, in Kent with their friend Emily Birrell and her common-law husband, but as this season is not good,they come home earlier than expected and split their last sixpence between them; he takes fourpence to pay for a bed in the Cooney’s common lodging-house, and she takes twopence, just enough for her to stay a night at Mile End Casual Ward in the neighbouring parish (September 27).

1888 – Catherine goes at Cooney’s loding house and has breakfast in the kitchen with her common-law husband John Kelly (September 29).

1888 – Catherine is found lying drunk in the road on Aldgate High Street by PC Louis Robinson. She is taken into custody and then to Bishopsgate police station, where she is detained (September 29).

1888 – She is sober enough to leave at 1 a.m. on the morning (September 30).

1888 – Catherine’s mutilated body is found in the south-west corner of Mitre Square in the City of London, she was 46 (September 30).

Your life was difficult and cut short. You were free at last… 🌼

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lex-2002 · 4 years

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Susan B. Anthony - Wikipedia

In 1872, Anthony was arrested for voting in her hometown of Rochester, New York, and convicted in a widely publicized trial. Although she refused to pay the fine, the authorities declined to take further action. In 1878, Anthony and Stanton arranged for Congress to be presented with an amendment giving women the right to vote. Introduced by Sen. Aaron A. Sargent (R-CA), it later became known colloquially as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment. It was ratified as the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920.

#google #history

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newingtonnow · 4 years

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Josiah Willard Gibbs’s Impact on Modern Science

American scientist Josiah Willard Gibbs made important scientific contributions to mathematics, physics, and chemistry in the 19th century and was even called “the greatest mind in American history” by Albert Einstein, the German-born theoretical physicist who relied on Gibbs’s theories for many of his own later discoveries. Gibbs’s work had a profound influence on 20th-century science and his work in statistical mechanics laid the groundwork for the development of physical chemistry as a science.

Josiah Willard Gibbs’s Life in New Haven

Josiah Willard Gibbs was born in New Haven on February 11, 1839, the only son of five children born to Josiah and Mary Anna (Van Cleve) Gibbs. Gibbs came from a prestigious family of clergymen and academics and his father was a linguist and theologian who is best remembered as the abolitionist who found an interpreter for the African captives on the Amistad–thus allowing them to testify during their trial.

Photograph of Josiah Willard Gibbs – Yale University, Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library

At the age of 15 Gibbs entered Yale College. Excelling in mathematics and Latin, he graduated in 1858 near the top of his class, and at age 19 received induction into the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. He remained at Yale for his graduate education and in 1863 received his doctorate—the first PhD awarded in engineering in the United States. After graduation, Gibbs became a tutor at the school and taught Latin and natural philosophy (physics). In 1866 he patented a design for a railway brake, and five years later became a professor of mathematical physics at Yale College where he remained for the rest of his life.

Pioneering the Study of Physical Chemistry

When Gibbs was 34, Transactions of the Connecticut Academy published his first work on the geometric representation of thermodynamic quantities. In the years that followed, he was published many more times, and in 1875 and 1878 the Connecticut Academy published his monograph (in two parts). The book, On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances, contained hundreds of mathematical equations and became the basis for establishing physical chemistry as a science.

Copy of plaster model of Gibbs’ thermodynamic (energy entrophy surface) model made by James Clerk Maxwell and sent to Josiah Willard Gibbs at Yale, ca. 1909 – Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History

Josiah Willard Gibbs made significant scientific contributions at a time when theoretical science was not easily understood or popular. Much of his research received little recognition, although he was elected into the National Academy of Sciences, he received the Rumford Prize from the American Academy of Arts and Sciences for his work in chemical thermodynamics, and in 1901 he received the Copley Medal (perhaps the most esteemed international medal of the time) from the British Royal Society.

Gibbs never married and apart from summering in New York’s Adirondack Mountains and New Hampshire’s White Mountains, and a European stay in the 1880s, he rarely left New Haven. He lived there (in the house where he was born) with his sister and her husband (who was also a Yale scholar).

Gibbs died relatively young, on April 28, 1903, at the age of 64, from an intestinal obstruction. He received a burial in New Haven’s historic Grove Street Cemetery. In 1912, with the help of German physicist Walther Nernst, a bronze bas-relief memorial, designed by sculptor Lee Lavrie, was installed in the Sloane Physics Laboratory at Yale to honor Gibbs’s life and work. In 1950, Gibbs received induction into the Hall of Fame for Great Americans, and, later, the United States Navy named an oceanic research ship the USNS Josiah Willard Gibbs. Perhaps most interestingly, a look up at the moon (near the eastern limb) provides a glimpse of the Gibbs Crater, named in his honor in 1964.

from Connecticut History | a CTHumanities Project https://connecticuthistory.org/josiah-willard-gibbs-impact-on-modern-science/

#History

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