#Chacchoben

[whencyclopedia]

The Ball Game of Mesoamerica

The sport known simply as the Ball Game was played by all the major Mesoamerican civilizations and the impressive stone courts became a feature of many cities. More than just a game, it could have a religious significance and featured in episodes of mythology. Contests even supplied candidates for human sacrifice and became literally a game of life or death.

Origins

The game was invented sometime in the Preclassical Period (2500-100 BCE), probably by the Olmec, and became a common Mesoamerican-wide feature of the urban landscape by the Classical Period (300-900 CE). Eventually, the game was even exported to other cultures in North America and the Caribbean.

In Mesoamerican mythology the game is an important element in the story of the Maya gods Hun Hunahpú and Vucub Hunahpú. The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) where they were challenged to a ball game. Losing the game, Hun Hunahpús had his head cut off; a foretaste of what would become common practice for players unfortunate enough to lose a game.

In another legend, a famous ball game was held at the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan between the Aztec king Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin (r. 1502-1520 CE) and the king of Texcoco. The latter had predicted that Motecuhzoma's kingdom would fall and the game was set-up to establish the truth of this bold prediction. Motecuhzoma lost the game and did, of course, lose his kingdom at the hands of the invaders from the Old World. The story also supports the idea that the ball game was sometimes used for the purposes of divination.

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[whencyclopedfr]

Premiers Explorateurs de la Civilisation Maya: D'Aguilar à Waldek

Bien que John Lloyd Stephens et Frederick Catherwood soient constamment crédités de la "découverte" de la civilisation maya, de nombreuses personnes les avaient précédés et avaient éveillé leur désir d'effectuer leurs célèbres voyages à travers la Mésoamérique. Les premiers non-Maya à explorer les sites furent des prêtres catholiques qui, bien des années après la conquête espagnole de la région au XVIe siècle, visitèrent les villes vides et en parlèrent autour d'eux. En 1695, le frère Andrés de Avendaño y Loyola écrivit de nombreux articles sur les Mayas et sur ses efforts missionnaires pour les convertir au christianisme. Ce faisant, il donna les premiers témoignages de leur culture, de la fabrication des livres, de leurs croyances religieuses et de leur vie quotidienne. Il mentionne également certains sites, mais pas sous des noms familiers, ce qui suggère que toutes les villes ne furent pas nécessairement abandonnées vers 950, mais que certaines furent réoccupées.

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[thatawaydad]

Explore Chacchoben Ruins and Bacalar

Embark on an excursion from the Costa Maya cruise port to Chacchoben, the ancient Mayan city, followed by a relaxing dip in the crystal-clear waters of Laguna Bacalar. This was our itinerary when your Norwegian cruise ship stopped here. Pier leads to the port area where you catch a bus. Start of the Trip We headed off the cruise ship onto the pier. The lineup for excursions is to the right of…

[impresionesdeturista]

Apes , Chacchoben Mayan ruins.

[yucatanantillentrip]

Balacar, 01.02.25

Heute geht es weiter. Wir wollten ursprünglich einen Tag hier verlängern, aber es ist ausgebucht, so dass wir die sogenannte Riviera Maya jetzt hochfahren und nördlich von Tulum Station machen. Auf der Strecke sahen wir ein Schild zu der relativ unbekannten Mayastätte Chacchoben und ich beschloss, einen Abstecher dorthin zu machen. Dann erging es uns so, wie es leider typisch für Mexiko ist. Also wir fahren von der Schnellstraße und kommen nach einem km zu der neu erstellten Mayabahn, sehen ein großes Schild, das den Bahnhof Chacchoben anzeigt und fahren über die neue sehr steile Brücke der Mayabahn. Lt. Schild sind es nur 6 km bis Chacchoben. Die Straße wird schmaler, führt durch den Dschungel und endet in einem Nest, das Chacchoben ist. Kein Schild zur Mayastätte. Wir kurven herum, fragen mehrere Bewohner und erhalten die Auskunft, dass wir eine Umgehungsstraße nehmen müssen und nach 8 km sollen wir da sein. Wir fahren die Straße, kommen in ein anderes Dorf und gelangen wieder auf ein Schnellstraße. Kein Schild weit und breit, kein Handyempfang. Wir kehren schließlich frustriert um und setzen unseren Weg nach 30 km Umweg fort. Leider wird hier nichts in die Infrastruktur wie eine anständige Beschilderung investiert. Dafür findet man überall kostenpflichtige Parkplätze. Nur was Geld bringt, interessiert hier, alles andere wird vernachlässigt. Später habe ich in meinem Navi gesehen, dass wir nur noch 3 km von der Mayastätte entfernt waren. Unsere Unterkunft in Akumal, direkt am Strand, liegt in einem geschlossenen Bereich, der nur für Anwohner zugänglich ist. In der Nähe ist ein großes Strandrestaurant, wo wir zu Abend essen.

[itspeacethroughculture]

Chacchoben Mayan Temple, Costa Maya Mexico

[latamtravels]

Maya ruins of Chacchoben and Mahahual

[stressedestudiante]

by Rob DeGraff on Flickr.Temple to the Sun god, Mayan ruins at Chacchoben - Yucatan, Mexico.

[nealrockwell]

Chacchoben, Mayan ruins. 

[internationalrealestatenews]

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[whencyclopedia]

Xibalba

Xibalba (Shee-bal-ba) was the name the K'iche Maya gave to the underworld. For the Yucatec Maya the underworld was known as Metnal. The name Xibalba translates as 'Place of Fright', which indicates the terror the place had in the Maya imagination. There was, unfortunately, not much chance of escaping the place, either. Ideas such as leading a good life and avoiding eternal torment by not doing bad things were not part of the Maya belief system, as only those who died a violent death avoided Xibalba. The underworld was a truly fearsome place, strongly associated with water; it had its own landscape, gods, and blood-thirsty predators. Xibalba was also the scene of many adventures by the heroes of Maya mythology, especially the Hero Twins.

The Geography of Xibalba

For the Maya Xibalba lay to the far west, hence the great number of burials made on the islands of Campeche, located off the west coast of the Yucatan peninsula, making it the most western Maya territory. Xibalba was entered through a cave or area of still water in Tlalticpac, which was the surface of the earth and the first of the nine underworld levels. The Milky Way was also considered an entrance to Xibalba and the road along which souls walked to meet their fate. The Maya, believing the underworld had nine different levels, represented this idea in the gigantic stone pyramids they built as tombs for their kings which often have nine tiers. See, for example, the Temple of the Inscriptions at Palenque, Temple I at Tikal, or the Pyramid of Kukulcan at Chichen Itza.

The Maya believed that the underworld was ruled by a group of gods (possibly 9 or 14), known collectively as the lords of the underworld. These have fearsome names and include 1 Death and 7 Death (the two most important), Pus Master, Bone Sceptre, Skull Sceptre, Jaundice Master, Blood Gatherer, and Bloody Claws. Many of these lords could occasionally come up to the world of the living where they would spread misery and disease. The Maya also believed that each astronomical god had its own manifestation in the underworld. For example, the Sun God K'inich Ajaw, when he was travelling through the underworld at night, became the Jaguar God of the Underworld.The most important Maya religious book, the Popol Vuh, describes some details of the geography within Xibalba. The underworld is vast with as much variety in landscape as the outside world of the living. Further, there are two great rivers, perhaps more, which run through it. To reach the ninth level of Xibalba, many trials and dangers had to be faced by the dead. These included the crossing of dangerous waters and high mountains, rivers of blood, attack by spinning obsidian knives and arrows, and even the sacrifice of one's heart. To help the soul survive such an ordeal, the dead were buried or cremated with useful pieces of equipment such as weapons, tools, weaving kits, precious goods like jade, sustaining food such as hot chocolate, and even dogs (real or pottery effigies) to act as companions and guides.

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[whencyclopedfr]

Chacchoben

Chacchoben est un site maya datant d'environ 700 ap. J.-C dans l'État de Quintana Roo, au Mexique. Autrefois grand centre religieux urbain, la ville fut abandonnée vers 900-950, à peu près en même temps que les autres grandes cités mayas, et fut peu à peu engloutie par la forêt environnante. Les ruines furent découvertes en 1942 par un fermier qui construisit alors sa maison à proximité et protégea le site jusqu'en 1972, date à laquelle un archéologue américain le découvrit et le porta à l'attention du gouvernement. Le nom Chacchoben est une appellation moderne qui signifie «Lieu du Maïs Rouge». On ignore le nom que portait la ville dans l’Antiquité.

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[christiangabriel83]

La espectacularidad de Chacchoben resguardada gracias al Tren maya

[impresionesdeturista]

Chacchoben Mayan ruins, México.

[athena4455]

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[kingrebecca]

by Rob DeGraff on Flickr.Temple to the Sun god, Mayan ruins at Chacchoben - Yucatan, Mexico.