#DMVPN

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does cisco vpn use esp or ah

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does cisco vpn use esp or ah

Cisco VPN protocols

Title: Understanding Cisco VPN Protocols: A Comprehensive Guide

Cisco Systems, a global leader in networking technology, offers a range of VPN protocols designed to provide secure and efficient communication over the internet. These protocols play a crucial role in ensuring data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication for remote access and site-to-site connections. Let's delve into the key Cisco VPN protocols and their functionalities:

IPsec (Internet Protocol Security): IPsec is a widely used protocol suite for securing IP communications by authenticating and encrypting each packet of data. Cisco implements IPsec in its VPN solutions, ensuring confidentiality through encryption algorithms like AES and integrity via hashing algorithms like SHA-256.

SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security): Cisco supports SSL and its successor TLS for creating secure VPN connections over the web. SSL/TLS VPNs are known for their ease of use and compatibility with web browsers, making them ideal for remote access scenarios. Cisco's SSL VPN solutions offer robust encryption and authentication mechanisms to safeguard data transmission.

L2TP/IPsec (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol/IPsec): L2TP/IPsec combines the best of both L2TP and IPsec to provide a secure VPN tunnel for remote access. Cisco routers and firewalls support L2TP/IPsec for establishing connections between remote clients and corporate networks, ensuring confidentiality and data integrity.

GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation): While not a VPN protocol itself, GRE is often used in conjunction with IPsec to create VPN tunnels. Cisco devices utilize GRE to encapsulate and route private network traffic securely over public networks, enhancing network connectivity and privacy.

DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN): Cisco's DMVPN solution offers scalable and efficient site-to-site VPN connectivity by dynamically establishing VPN tunnels between sites. This flexibility reduces configuration overhead and simplifies VPN management in large-scale deployments.

In conclusion, Cisco's array of VPN protocols provides organizations with versatile options to establish secure and reliable communication channels over the internet. Understanding these protocols' capabilities empowers network administrators to design and implement VPN solutions tailored to their specific security and connectivity requirements.

Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)

Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) is a crucial component of the IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) suite, primarily designed to provide confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data transmitted over IP networks. As one of the main protocols within IPsec, ESP plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure communication between network devices, such as routers, firewalls, and VPN gateways.

At its core, ESP achieves data protection through encryption, making it unreadable to unauthorized parties. By encapsulating the original IP packet within a new ESP header, along with encryption and authentication information, ESP ensures that the data remains secure throughout its journey across the network.

Encryption within ESP is typically achieved using symmetric key algorithms like AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) or 3DES (Triple Data Encryption Standard). These algorithms encrypt the payload of the IP packet, safeguarding its contents from eavesdropping and tampering.

Additionally, ESP provides integrity protection through authentication mechanisms such as HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code). By appending a cryptographic hash to the encrypted data, ESP enables the recipient to verify the integrity of the packet and detect any unauthorized modifications.

Moreover, ESP supports optional features like anti-replay protection and perfect forward secrecy, further enhancing the security of IPsec communication.

Despite its robust security capabilities, ESP does have some limitations, such as potential overhead due to encryption and authentication processing, as well as compatibility issues with certain network devices.

In conclusion, Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) serves as a cornerstone of IPsec, offering essential security features to protect sensitive data transmitted over IP networks. Its encryption, integrity protection, and authentication mechanisms help ensure the confidentiality and integrity of network communication, making it indispensable for securing modern digital infrastructure.

Authentication Header (AH)

Authentication Header (AH) is a fundamental component of Internet Protocol Security (IPsec), playing a crucial role in ensuring the integrity and authenticity of data packets transmitted over IP networks. As a key protocol within the IPsec suite, AH provides a mechanism for verifying the source and integrity of IP packets.

At its core, AH achieves authentication by appending a header to the IP packet, which includes a cryptographic hash of the packet's contents along with other relevant information. This hash, generated using a secure algorithm such as HMAC-SHA1 or HMAC-SHA256, serves as a digital signature that can be verified by the recipient to confirm the packet's authenticity.

One of the distinguishing features of AH is its ability to protect both the data payload and selected parts of the IP header, ensuring comprehensive security for transmitted packets. By including fields such as the source and destination IP addresses in the authentication process, AH guards against various forms of packet manipulation and spoofing attacks.

Moreover, AH operates in two different modes: transport mode and tunnel mode. In transport mode, AH protects only the IP payload while leaving the original IP header intact, making it suitable for end-to-end security between individual hosts. On the other hand, in tunnel mode, AH encapsulates the entire original IP packet within a new IP header, extending security to encompass the entire packet as it traverses intermediate network devices.

Despite its robust security features, AH has certain limitations, particularly in scenarios involving network address translation (NAT) or firewalls that inspect and modify IP headers. In such cases, AH may encounter compatibility issues, leading to interoperability challenges with certain network configurations.

In conclusion, Authentication Header (AH) stands as a cornerstone of IPsec, providing essential authentication and integrity protection for IP packets in both transport and tunnel modes. While it offers robust security benefits, careful consideration of its compatibility with network infrastructure is necessary for effective deployment in diverse environments.

VPN encryption methods

Title: Understanding VPN Encryption Methods: Safeguarding Your Online Privacy

In today's digital age, safeguarding your online privacy is paramount. With the rise in cyber threats and surveillance, using a Virtual Private Network (VPN) has become essential for maintaining anonymity and security while browsing the internet. One of the key components that make VPNs effective is their encryption methods.

VPN encryption methods refer to the techniques used to scramble data transmitted between your device and the VPN server, making it indecipherable to anyone trying to intercept it. There are several encryption protocols commonly used by VPN providers, each offering varying levels of security and speed.

One of the most widely used encryption protocols is the OpenVPN protocol, known for its robust security features and versatility. It utilizes OpenSSL library to provide strong encryption and supports various algorithms like AES, Blowfish, and Camellia.

Another popular encryption protocol is IKEv2/IPSec, which is praised for its speed and reliability, making it ideal for mobile devices. It employs a combination of cryptographic algorithms, including AES and SHA-2, to ensure secure data transmission.

Additionally, L2TP/IPSec (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol with Internet Protocol Security) is another encryption method commonly used by VPN services. While it offers strong security, it may not be as fast as other protocols due to its double encapsulation process.

Furthermore, WireGuard is gaining popularity for its simplicity and efficiency. It utilizes state-of-the-art cryptography to provide fast and secure connections with minimal overhead.

Ultimately, the choice of VPN encryption method depends on your specific needs and priorities. Whether you prioritize speed, security, or compatibility, there's a VPN encryption protocol that's right for you. By understanding these encryption methods, you can make an informed decision to safeguard your online privacy effectively.

Cisco VPN security features

Cisco VPN offers a wide range of security features to ensure a secure and reliable connection for remote users accessing corporate networks. One of the key features is encryption, which protects data as it travels between the user's device and the VPN server. Cisco VPN supports various encryption protocols, such as IPsec and SSL/TLS, to safeguard sensitive information from unauthorized access.

Another essential security feature of Cisco VPN is authentication. It requires users to prove their identity before granting access to the network. This can be done through passwords, security tokens, or biometric authentication methods. By incorporating multi-factor authentication, Cisco VPN adds an extra layer of security to prevent unauthorized users from gaining access.

Furthermore, Cisco VPN includes firewall capabilities to filter incoming and outgoing traffic based on predetermined security rules. This helps in preventing cyber threats, such as malware and hacking attempts, from compromising the network's integrity. Additionally, Cisco VPN offers intrusion prevention systems (IPS) to detect and block suspicious activities in real time, further enhancing network security.

Cisco VPN also provides security policies and configuration settings that allow administrators to customize security settings based on their organization's specific requirements. This flexibility enables organizations to enforce security measures tailored to their needs and compliance standards.

In conclusion, Cisco VPN offers advanced security features, including encryption, authentication, firewall protection, intrusion prevention, and customizable security policies, to ensure a secure and reliable connection for remote users accessing corporate networks. By implementing these features, organizations can mitigate potential security risks and safeguard their sensitive data from cyber threats.

[networkgeek]

Today I decided to practice more DMVPN here is my lab with Phase one for those who would like to follow see below commands used. Also basic routing was done between Serial interfaces with static routes. EIGRP was used for Tunnel interfaces.

Configuration for practice lab below:

router eigrp 100  no auto-summary  network 192.168.1.0  network 192.168.101.0  exit

router eigrp 100  no auto-summary  network 192.168.1.0  network 192.168.102.0  exit

 router eigrp 100  no auto-summary  network 192.168.1.0  network 192.168.103.0  exit

 router eigrp 100  no auto-summary  network 192.168.1.0  network 192.168.104.0  exit

 crypto isakmp policy 1  authentication pre-share  encryption aes  hash sha  group 5  lifetime 1800  exit crypto isakmp key cisco address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 ! ! crypto ipsec transform-set t-set esp-aes esp-sha-hmac mode transport ! crypto ipsec profile cisco set transform-set t-set !

  interface tunnel 0  ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0  tunnel source s 0/0  tunnel mode gre multipoint  tunnel key 1  ip nhrp map multicast dynamic  ip nhrp authentication cisco  ip nhrp network-id 1  ip nhrp holdtime 300  tunnel protection ipsec profile cisco  no ip split-horizon eigrp 100  exit

  interface tunnel 0  tunnel source serial 0/0  ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0  tunnel source s 0/0  tunnel key 1  tunnel destination 101.1.1.100  ip nhrp map 192.168.1.1 101.1.1.100  ip nhrp map multicast 101.1.1.100  ip nhrp  authentication cisco  ip nhrp network-id 1  ip nhrp holdtime 300  tunnel protection ipsec profile cisco  ip nhrp nhs 192.168.1.1

 interface tunnel 0  tunnel source serial 0/0  ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0  tunnel source s 0/0  tunnel key 1  tunnel destination 101.1.1.100  ip nhrp map 192.168.1.1 101.1.1.100  ip nhrp map multicast 101.1.1.100  ip nhrp  authentication cisco  ip nhrp network-id 1  ip nhrp holdtime 300  tunnel protection ipsec profile cisco  ip nhrp nhs 192.168.1.1

 interface tunnel 0  tunnel source serial 0/0  ip address 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.0  tunnel source s 0/0  tunnel key 1  tunnel destination 101.1.1.100  ip nhrp map 192.168.1.1 101.1.1.100  ip nhrp map multicast 101.1.1.100  ip nhrp  authentication cisco  ip nhrp network-id 1  ip nhrp holdtime 300  tunnel protection ipsec profile cisco  ip nhrp nhs 192.168.1.1

[shamimahammedz]

What Can I Do With A Cisco CCNA Certification?

Cisco Certified Network Associates (CCNA) are one of the world's most sought-after network professionals. Having a CCNA certification opens up a wide variety of job opportunities and can lead to higher salaries.  

A Cisco CCNA certification is valuable in terms of the potential salary and employment opportunities that result from this certification. MyComputerCareer also offers his CCNA training as part of the Cybersecurity Specialist Curriculum. For more information, please contact us immediately. 

This article explains what a CCNA certification is, what it includes, and the skills it teaches. We will also discuss the different positions you can get with a CCNA certificate and the salaries you can earn with this certificate. 

What Is The CCNA Certification?

The Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification is a well-known computer networking credential. CCNA certification helps entry-level network engineers, professional network engineers, support network engineers, and network administrators learn basic networking concepts.  

Over one million CCNA certificates have been distributed to fully certified professionals since Cisco first introduced certificates in 1998. CCNA certifications cover a wide range of networking topics and help prepare learners for future advances in networking technology.

CCNA certification topics include:  

OSI model: Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer, and Application Layer

IP routing: static and dynamic routing protocols

IP addressing: Fourth Generation IPv4 (IPv), Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), and Cisco IOS

Network security: Firewalls, password security, virtual private networks (VPNs), and intrusion detection systems

VLANs and WLANs: Access Control Lists (ACLs), VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP), and Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) IP Services

Routing protocols (OSPF, EIGRP, and RIP): Cisco IOS, Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF), and Cisco Dynamic Multiprotocol Label Switching (DMVPN) WAN  

CCNA certification validates many of the skills a network engineer needs. You will also need various soft skills such as communication, problem solving, organization and customer service. CCNA certification also provides network professionals with the information and skills they need to effectively operate Cisco and Microsoft Office suite applications. This certification empowers aspiring and current network engineers to use industry-specific tools in their daily work. 

However, please note that Cisco certifications are valid for three years. If the certification expires, the holder may retake her CCNA certification exam, obtain another Associate certification, pass the Core Technology exam, or for renewal she must complete 40 Continuing Education (CE) credit must be obtained. 

What IT Jobs Can You Get With a CCNA Certification?

The Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification validates a user's knowledge and skills in network administration. Salaries for this degree average about $80,000 per year. Many employees are looking for Cisco certified professionals because of their extensive experience with Cisco routers and switches. Cisco network equipment is used by most of the Fortune 500 companies. 

Network administrator: Network administrators are responsible for the day-to-day operation of computer networks. Keep your network running smoothly and resolve any issues that may arise.  

System Administrator: System administrators are responsible for the maintenance and operation of computer systems. It installs new software, patches existing software, and performs other tasks to keep your system running smoothly.  

Network analyst: Network analysts are responsible for analyzing computer networks and making recommendations to improve their efficiency. They may also be responsible for designing new networks or implementing changes to existing networks.  

Network design engineer: Network design engineers are responsible for designing and implementing computer networks. We work with our customers to understand their needs and design networks that meet those needs.  

Infrastructure Engineer: Infrastructure engineers are responsible for the physical components of computer networks such as routers, switches, and cables. Install and maintain these components to keep your network running smoothly.  

Unified Communications Engineer: Unified Communications Engineers are responsible for designing and implementing unified communications systems. Unified communication systems allow users to communicate across multiple devices such as phones, computers, and tablets.  

Solution designer: Solution design engineers are responsible for designing and implementing solutions to problems encountered in computer networks. They work with customers to understand their needs and design solutions that meet those needs.  

Cloud Engineer: Cloud engineers are responsible for designing and implementing cloud-based solutions. Cloud-based solutions allow users to access data and applications from anywhere in the world.  

Data Center Engineer: Data center engineers are responsible for the operation of data centers. Install and maintain the hardware and software that make up your data center.  

Network administrator: Network administrators are responsible for the day-to-day operation of computer networks. Ensure the smooth operation of your network and fix any problems that may arise.  

Cloud Architect: Cloud architects are responsible for designing and implementing cloud-based solutions. Cloud-based solutions allow users to access data and applications from anywhere in the world.  

VoIP Engineer: VoIP engineers are responsible for designing and implementing Voice over IP (VoIP) solutions. VoIP solutions allow users to communicate using voice and video over the Internet. 

Cooperating engineer: Collaboration engineers are responsible for designing and implementing solutions that enable users to collaborate. Collaboration solutions allow users to share data, applications, and files.  

Telecom Engineer: Telecommunications engineers are responsible for the design and implementation of telecommunications systems. Telecommunications systems allow users to communicate using voice, video, and data.  

Depending on your skills, years of experience, valid qualifications, and other criteria, you may be better suited for one job than another. The Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) is a great place to start for anyone looking to get into networking. 

Conclusion

Earning the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification is a great way to start your networking career. A CCNA certification contains a wealth of knowledge that will help you in your career. A CCNA certification can lead to higher salaries and help you find jobs in a variety of occupations. There are a variety of Cisco certifications you can earn, each useful in your career. A CCNA certification is just the beginning of your journey to a successful networking career. 

591cert offers a certification program that includes CCNA Certification. If you're interested in becoming a CCNA and growing your IT career, take a free career assessment. We are happy to answer your questions. 

[doketsapparels]

DMVPN Network Support, Bethesda, MD, USA

DMVPN Network Support, Bethesda, MD, USA

Need EADs(H4/L2), GC, USC

Send resume to : am@truceaid.com

DMVPN Network Support

Duration: 6+ months Requirements:

Work with Enterprise Network Architecture and Engineering team, to support the deployment of the DMVPN property solution, allowing project to follow their strategic network deployment plan.

Work with the client and the third-party vendor to gain a full understanding of the network…

[routehub]

Network Design Cookbook (2nd Edition) – Update (2.0.10)

Hello Networkers,

New updates have been added to the Network Design Cookbook: 2nd Edition to support our upcoming video add-on solutions to the site. These include POD updates for the LAN, WAN, Internet, BGP, OSPF, Connections (Bandwidth Services), DMVPN, SSL VPN and our general Framework page. We also added great examples to the Local Area Locations and Global Area Locations PODs (4.1). Other updates include general errors and corrections. Please see the release notes for more details.

You can get more details at: http://www.routehub.net/design2

RouteHub Group, LLC Training Program www.routehub.net

[shirleygifford-blog1]

What is a VPN (Virtual Private Network) and How Does It Work?

A virtual private network (VPN) is programming that creates a safe, encrypted connection over a less secure network, such as the public internet. A VPN uses tunneling protocols to encrypt data at the sending end and decrypt it at the receiving end. To provide additional security, the originating and receiving network addresses are also encrypted.

VPNs are used to provide remote corporate employees, gig economy freelance workers and business travelers with access to software applications hosted on proprietary networks. To gain access to a restricted resource through a VPN, the user must be authorized to use the VPN app and provide one or more authentication factors, such as a password, security token or biometric data.

VPN apps are often used by individuals who want to protect data transmissions on their mobile devices or visit web sites that are geographically restricted. Secure access to an isolated network or website through a mobile VPN should not be confused with private browsing, however. Private browsing does not involve encryption; it is simply an optional browser setting that prevents identifiable user data, such as cookies, from being collected and forwarded to a third-party server.

How a VPN works

At its most basic level, VPN tunneling creates a point-to-point connection that cannot be accessed by unauthorized users. To actually create the VPN tunnel, the endpoint device needs to be running a VPN client (software application) locally or in the cloud. The VPN client runs in the background and is not noticeable to the end user unless there are performance issues.

The performance of a VPN can be affected by a variety of factors, among them the speed of users' internet connections, the types of protocols an internet service provider may use and the type of encryption the VPN uses. In the enterprise, performance can also be affected by poor quality of service (QoS) outside the control of an organization's information technology (IT) department.

VPN protocols

VPN protocols ensure an appropriate level of security to connected systems when the underlying network infrastructure alone cannot provide it. There are several different protocols used to secure and encrypt users and corporate data. They include:

IP security (IPsec)

Secure     Sockets Layer (SSL) and     Transport Layer Security (TLS)

Point-To-Point     Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)

Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)

OpenVPN

Types of VPNs

Network administrators have several options when it comes to deploying a VPN. They include:

Remote access VPN

Remote access VPN clients connect to a VPN gateway server on the organization's network. The gateway requires the device to authenticate its identity before granting access to internal network resources such as file servers, printers and intranets. This type of VPN usually relies on either IP Security (IPsec) or Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) to secure the connection.

Site-to-site VPN

In contrast, a site-to-site VPN uses a gateway device to connect an entire network in one location to a network in another location. End-node devices in the remote location do not need VPN clients because the gateway handles the connection. Most site-to-site VPNs connecting over the internet use IPsec. It is also common for them to use carrier MPLS clouds rather than the public internet as the transport for site-to-site VPNs. Here, too, it is possible to have either Layer 3 connectivity (MPLS IP VPN) or Layer 2 (virtual private LAN service) running across the base transport.

Mobile VPN

In a mobile VPN, a VPN server still sits at the edge of the company network, enabling secure tunneled access by authenticated, authorized VPN clients. Mobile VPN tunnels are not tied to physical IP addresses, however. Instead, each tunnel is bound to a logical IP address. That logical IP address sticks to the mobile device no matter where it may roam. An effective mobile VPN provides continuous service to users and can seamlessly switch across access technologies and multiple public and private networks.

Hardware VPN

Hardware VPNs offer a number of advantages over the software-based VPN. In addition to enhanced security, hardware VPNs can provide load balancing to handle large client loads. Administration is managed through a Web browser interface. A hardware VPN is more expensive than a software VPN. Because of the cost, hardware VPNs are a more realistic option for large businesses than for small businesses or branch offices. Several vendors, including Irish vendor InvizBox, offer devices that can function as hardware VPNs.

VPN appliance

A VPN appliance, also known as a VPN gateway appliance, is a network device equipped with enhanced security features. Also known as an SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) VPN appliance, it is in effect a router that provides protection, authorization, authentication and encryption for VPNs.

Dynamic multipoint virtual private network (DMVPN)

A dynamic multipoint virtual private network (DMVPN) is a secure network that exchanges data between sites without needing to pass traffic through an organization's headquarter virtual private network (VPN) server or router. A DMVPN essentially creates a mesh VPN service that runs on VPN routers and firewall concentrators.  Each remote site has a router configured to connect to the company’s headquarters VPN device (hub), providing access to the resources available. When two spokes are required to exchange data between each other -- for a VoIP telephone call, for example -- the spoke will contact the hub, obtain the necessary information about the other end, and create a dynamic IPsec VPN tunnel directly between them.

VPN Reconnect

VPN Reconnect is a feature of Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 that allows a virtual private network  connection to remain open during a brief interruption of Internet service. Usually, when a computing device using a VPN connection drops its Internet connection, the end user has to manually reconnect to the VPN. VPN Reconnect keeps the VPN tunnel open for a configurable amount of time so when Internet service is restored, the VPN connection is automatically restored as well. The feature was designed to improve usability for mobile employees.

Security limitations of a virtual private network explained

Any device that accesses an isolated network through a VPN presents a risk of bringing malware to that network environment unless there is a requirement in the VPN connection process to assesses the state of the connecting device. Without an inspection to determine whether the connecting device complies with an organization's security policies, attackers with stolen credentials can access network resources, including switches and routers.

Security experts recommend that network administrators consider adding software-defined perimeter (SDP) components to their VPN infrastructure in order to reduce potential attack surfaces. The addition of SDP programming gives medium and large organizations the ability to use a zero trust model for access to both on-premises and cloud network environments.

Source:

https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/virtual-private-network

[huxiaotongfan-blog]

What Is CCNA R&S Passing Score?

What Is CCNA R&S Passing Score?

The role and skills which would be required of a core network engineer are evolving quite significantly as enterprise networks which would be encountered have shown an increase in the business demands and technology advancements. So as to meet these challenges, skilled IT professionals are required to be up-to-date, networking skills. For the individuals who have been looking forward to building and validate Cisco networking fundamentals, the Cisco CCNA Routing and Switching certification is going to be focused on foundational IP networking skills that would be required for deploying, operating and troubleshooting network layers 1-3.

The Key topics that would be included in it are mentioned below:

•    They would be made aware of the programmable network (SDN) architectures.

•    Expanded VPN topics are going to be included site-to-site VPN, DMVPN, and client VPN technologies.

•    Their knowledge about focusing on the IPv6 routing protocols, configuration, would be increased.

•    They would make understand about the cloud resources which would be deployed in enterprise network architectures.

•    They would also be provided the required knowledge of QoS concepts. 

Prerequisites:

The candidates must have an understanding regarding the fundamentals of networking, experience about implementing local area networks and internet connectivity, the experience of managing network device security, experience in implementing WAN and basic IPv6 connectivity is also required.

Instead of simply CCNA, it is now known as the CCNA Routing & Switching certification. Thus to differentiate itself from the other CCNA disciplines like the CCNA Voice, CCNA Wireless, CCNA Security and CCNA Data Center. In order to obtain your CCNA Routing & Switching certification, you would have two options. The first is that you could take the single 200-120 CCNA composite exam and gain the title of the CCNA Routing & Switching by clearing one exam. The cost for this exam is around $295 and you would have about 90 minutes to answer the questions which would be about 50 to 60, passing score of which is considered as 825 out of 1000.

The second option is that you could first take the 100-101 - ICND1 exam in order to obtain your CCENT certification and after you have cleared the exam you could then take the 200-101 - ICND2 exam so as to fulfill the requirement of CCNA Routing & Switching certification. The cost for each of these exams is about $150 and you would have about 90 minutes to answer 40 to 50 questions. The benefit for some with this option is that they could concentrate on certain areas of study as less material would be covered in each of the exams. But the totality of the two exams would equal the material which is going to be covered in the single composite CCNA Routing & Switching exam. Whichever courses, you select, you would require to go through some intense training, which you could gain by joining SPOTO.

Since 2017, the current CCNA has been “refreshed” and is now considered the 200-125 exam. This was a pretty minor change and quite a vastly less dramatic change, contrasting the reboot from the 640-554 to the 200-120. The certification path is still in present in the same format, where you are going to take the single 200-215 exam or you could break it into two exams, which would then allow you to take the 100-105 ICND1 (CCENT) and the 200-105 ICND2 exams.

Both the certification path is not that much easy unless, you equip yourself with the best training and study dumps, which are provided by the SPOTO. So, if you wish to achieve a passing score and more in the CCNA Routing and Switching, the best way to do it easily is by joining the courses provided by SPOTO.

[karonbill]

CCDE v3.0 400-007 Practice Test Questions

Are you ready to pass 400-007 CCDE v3.0 Written exam? PassQuestion CCDE v3.0 Written Exam 400-007 Practice Test Questions are the real exam questions that will assist you in Cisco 400-007 exam preparation and enable you to pass the final exam successfully. They keep updating with all the useful information to the candidate so that the registered candidate can learn with CCDE v3.0 Written Exam 400-007 Practice Test Questions according to the latest syllabus and achieve excellent grades in 400-007 Exam. With the help of CCDE v3.0 Written Exam 400-007 Practice Test Questions, you can not only ace your exam preparation but also gain confidence enough to pass the Cisco Certified Design Expert (CCDE v3.0)  exam with flying colors.

Introducing the updated CCDE

Achieving the updated CCDE certification proves your skills designing and architecting complex Enterprise network solutions. To earn your CCDE, you pass two exams: first, a qualifying exam that covers core technologies and competencies required by every network designer, then an 8-hour practical exam that covers designing and architecting Enterprise networking solutions by analyzing business requirements and technical requirements and making design decisions based on many factors such as resiliency or cost.

First, take the qualifying exam, CCDE Written (400-007), which focuses on your understanding and skills within the realms of network design, technologies, translation of business and technical requirements into functional specifications, and business strategies. The qualifying exam earns a Cisco Specialist certification, so you can get recognized for your accomplishments along the way.

Second, take the 8-hour, practical exam, CCDE v3.0 Practical exam. This exam covers several scenarios, one of which the candidate can select, providing the flexibility to include topics related to your area of expertise, in addition to validating core enterprise architecture technologies. The CCDE v3.0 Practical exam will be delivered at Cisco Certification centers.

Exam Information

Exam: 400-007 CCDE Exam Name: Cisco Certified Design Expert Number of Questions: 90-110 multiple questions Duration: 120 minutes Languages: English Price: $450 USD

CCDE v3.0 Written exam (400-007) Overview and Topics

The CCDE v3.0 Written exam (400-007) validates high-level design aspects as well as business requirements within the context of Enterprise network architectures. The exam is a two-hour, multiple choice test with 90-110 questions, that focusses on core Enterprise network architectures and technologies.

The CCDE v3.0 Written exam (400-007) will validate that candidates have the expertise to gather and clarify network functional requirements, develop network designs to meet functional specifications, develop implementation plans, convey design decisions and their rationale, and possess expert-level knowledge including:

Business Strategy Design    15% Control, data, and management plane and operational design     25% Network Design     30% Service Design       15% Security Design      15%

View Online CCDE v3.0 Written exam 400-007 Free Questions

You are tasked to design a QoS policy for a service provider so they can include it in the design of their MPLS core network If the design must support an MPLS network with six classes, and CEs will be managed by the service provider, which QoS policy should be recommended? A.map IP CoS bits into the IP Precedence field B.map flow-label bits into the Exp field C.map IP precedence bits into the DSCP field D.map DSCP bits into the Exp field Answer: D

You are designing a large-scale DMVPN network with more than 500 spokes using EIGRP as the IGP protocol Which design option eliminates potential tunnel down events on the spoke routers due to the holding time expiration? A.Increase the hold queue on the physical interface of the hub router. B.Increase the hold queue on the tunnel interface of the spoke routers C.Increase the hold queue on the tunnel interface of the hub router D.Apply QoS for pak_priority class E.Increase the hold queue on the physical interface of the spoke routers. Answer: C

You have been tasked with designing a data center interconnect as part of business continuity You want to use FCoE over this DCI to support synchronous replication. Which two technologies allow for FCoE via lossless Ethernet or data center bridging? (Choose two.) A.DWDM B.EoMPLS C.SONET/SDH D.Multichassis EtherChannel over Pseudowire E.VPLS Answer: A, C

You are using iSCSI to transfer files between a 10 Gigabit Ethernet storage system and a 1 Gigabit Ethernet server The performance is only approximately 700 Mbps and output drops are occurring on the server switch port. Which action will improve performance in a cost-effective manner? A.Change the protocol to CIFS. B.Increase the queue to at least 1 GB C.Use a WRED random drop policy D.Enable the TCP Nagle algorithm on the receiver Answer: A

A multicast network is sing Bidirectional PIM. Which two combined actions achieve high availability so that two RPs within the same network can act in a redundant manner? (Choose two) A.Use two phantom RP addresses B.Manipulate the administration distance of the unicast routes to the two RPs C.Manipulate the multicast routing table by creating static mroutes to the two RPs D.Advertise the two RP addresses in the routing protocol E.Use anycast RP based on MSDP peering between the two RPs F.Control routing to the two RPs through a longest match prefix Answer: A, F

What are two key design principles when using a hierarchical core-distribution-access network model? (Choose two ) A.A hierarchical network design model aids fault isolation B.The core layer is designed first, followed by the distribution layer and then the access layer C.The core layer provides server access in a small campus. D.A hierarchical network design facilitates changes E.The core layer controls access to resources for security Answer: A, D

[networkgeek]

So this is a lab setup I practiced DMVPN with EIGRP below I have the configuration if you want to follow what I have done.

Static routes were used for the basic connectivity then EIGRP was used to build the DMVPN. I highly recommend that if you have very little experience with this kind of configuration to first do some reading or viewing some videos on YouTube.

Below is some of the configuration used:

MVPN Crypto config hub

crypto isakmp policy 1  authentication pre-share  encryption aes  hash sha  group 5  lifetime 1800  exit  crypto isakmp key 0 cisco address 102.1.1.100  crypto isakmp key 0 cisco address 103.1.1.100  crypto isakmp key 0 cisco address 104.1.1.100  crypto ipsec transform-set t-set esp-aes esp-sha-hmac  mode transport  exit  crypto ipsec profile cisco  set transform-set t-set  exit

 **************************************************************  spoke

 crypto isakmp policy 1  authentication pre-share  encryption aes  hash sha  group 5  lifetime 1800  exit  crypto isakmp key 0 cisco address 101.1.1.100  crypto isakmp key 0 cisco address 103.1.1.100  crypto isakmp key 0 cisco address 104.1.1.100  crypto ipsec transform-set t-set esp-aes esp-sha-hmac  mode transport  exit  crypto ipsec profile cisco  set transform-set t-set  exit

 ************************************************************   soke

 crypto isakmp policy 1  authentication pre-share  encryption aes  hash sha  group 5  lifetime 1800  exit  crypto isakmp key 0 cisco address 101.1.1.100  crypto isakmp key 0 cisco address 102.1.1.100  crypto isakmp key 0 cisco address 104.1.1.100  crypto ipsec transform-set t-set esp-aes esp-sha-hmac  mode transport  exit  crypto ipsec profile cisco  set transform-set t-set  exit

 ***************************************************************

 spoke

 crypto isakmp policy 1  authentication pre-share  encryption aes  hash sha  group 5  lifetime 1800  exit  crypto isakmp key 0 cisco address 101.1.1.100  crypto isakmp key 0 cisco address 102.1.1.100  crypto isakmp key 0 cisco address 103.1.1.100  crypto ipsec transform-set t-set esp-aes esp-sha-hmac  mode transport  exit  crypto ipsec profile cisco  set transform-set t-set  exit

 ****************************************************************

 Routing hub

 router eigrp 100  no auto-summary  network 192.168.1.0  network 192.168.101.0  exit

 ****************************************************************

 Spoke

 router eigrp 100  no auto-summary  network 192.168.1.0  network 192.168.102.0  exit

 *******************************************************************

 spoke

 router eigrp 100  no auto-summary  network 192.168.1.0  network 192.168.103.0  exit

 ******************************************************************

 Spoke

 router eigrp 100  no auto-summary  network 192.168.1.0  network 192.168.104.0  exit

 ******************************************************************

 interface tunnel configuration

  int t0  ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0  tunnel source serial 0/0  tunnel mode gre multipoint  tunnel key 1  ip nhrp map 192.168.1.1 101.1.1.100  ip nhrp map multicast 101.1.1.100  ip nhrp authentication cisco  ip nhrp network-id 1  ip nhrp holdtime 300  tunnel protection ipsec profile cisco  ip nhrp nhs 192.168.1.1

 *********************************************************************

 interface tunnel configuration

  int t0  ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0  tunnel source serial 0/0  tunnel mode gre multipoint  tunnel key 1  ip nhrp map 192.168.1.1 101.1.1.100  ip nhrp map multicast 101.1.1.100  ip nhrp authentication cisco  ip nhrp network-id 1  ip nhrp holdtime 300  tunnel protection ipsec profile cisco  ip nhrp nhs 192.168.1.1

 **************************************************************************

 interface tunnel configuration

  int t0  ip address 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.0  tunnel source serial 0/0  tunnel mode gre multipoint  tunnel key 1  ip nhrp map 192.168.1.1 101.1.1.100  ip nhrp map multicast 101.1.1.100  ip nhrp authentication cisco  ip nhrp network-id 1  ip nhrp holdtime 300  tunnel protection ipsec profile cisco  ip nhrp nhs 192.168.1.1  exit

 **************************************************************************

 R1#show ip eigrp neighbors IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100 H   Address                 Interface       Hold Uptime   SRTT   RTO  Q  Seq                                            (sec)         (ms)       Cnt Num 2   192.168.1.4             Tu0               14 00:01:09  152  5000  0  3 1   192.168.1.3             Tu0               10 00:01:43   96  5000  0  3 0   192.168.1.2             Tu0               12 00:04:46   41  5000  0  3

*****************************************************************************

R1#show ip route eigrp D    192.168.104.0/24 [90/297270016] via 192.168.1.4, 00:02:05, Tunnel0 D    192.168.102.0/24 [90/297270016] via 192.168.1.2, 00:05:14, Tunnel0 D    192.168.103.0/24 [90/297270016] via 192.168.1.3, 00:02:40, Tunnel0 R1#

*****************************************************************************

R4#show crypto ipsec sa

interface: Tunnel0    Crypto map tag: Tunnel0-head-0, local addr 104.1.1.100

  protected vrf: (none)   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (104.1.1.100/255.255.255.255/47/0)   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (101.1.1.100/255.255.255.255/47/0)   current_peer 101.1.1.100 port 500     PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}    #pkts encaps: 59, #pkts encrypt: 59, #pkts digest: 59    #pkts decaps: 60, #pkts decrypt: 60, #pkts verify: 60    #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0    #pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0    #pkts not decompressed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0    #send errors 1, #recv errors 0

    local crypto endpt.: 104.1.1.100, remote crypto endpt.: 101.1.1.100     path mtu 1500, ip mtu 1500, ip mtu idb Serial0/0     current outbound spi: 0xA347CF36(2739392310)

    inbound esp sas:      spi: 0x37DB83F1(937133041)        transform: esp-aes esp-sha-hmac ,        in use settings ={Transport, }        conn id: 2001, flow_id: SW:1, crypto map: Tunnel0-head-0        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4398054/3374)        IV size: 16 bytes        replay detection support: Y        Status: ACTIVE

    inbound ah sas:

    inbound pcp sas:

    outbound esp sas:      spi: 0xA347CF36(2739392310)        transform: esp-aes esp-sha-hmac ,        in use settings ={Transport, }        conn id: 2002, flow_id: SW:2, crypto map: Tunnel0-head-0        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4398054/3372)        IV size: 16 bytes        replay detection support: Y        Status: ACTIVE

    outbound ah sas:

    outbound pcp sas: R4#

**********************************************************************************

R4#ping 192.168.102.1 source fastEthernet 0/0 repeat 1000

Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 1000, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.102.1, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of 192.168.104.1 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (1000/1000), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/56 ms

***********************************************************************************

R4#show ip nhrp 192.168.1.1/32 via 192.168.1.1, Tunnel0 created 00:07:16, never expire  Type: static, Flags: authoritative used  NBMA address: 101.1.1.100 192.168.1.2/32 via 192.168.1.2, Tunnel0 created 00:00:30, expire 00:04:32  Type: dynamic, Flags: router  NBMA address: 102.1.1.100 R4#

************************************************************************************

Thanks

[hema20a]

CTCLC

What’s New in Cisco SD-WAN 20.7 (Vip-OS)/17.7 (IOS-XE) For those of us who have implemented IWAN or DMVPN, two of the biggest features that were still a mission for the SD-WAN IOS-XE platform have made it into the 17.7 release of IOS-XE. Cisco Unified Border Element (CUBE) (IOS-XE Routers)The first major feature is the Cisco Unified Border Element (CUBE). CUBE acts as a Session Border Controller (SBC) and allows you to bridge voice and video connectivity between two VoIP networks. One of the VOIP Networks is usually connecting to a Carrier across the Internet or MPLS.  Most Companies use CUBE to enable SIP trunking to ISPs. This new SD-WAN feature now allows Companies to have a backup to the Centralized Data Center SIP Strategy. CUBE is also used in Contact Center deployments and Cloud Voice Deployments, such as UCCE and Webex Calling.In SD-WAN 20.7 (Vip-OS)/17.7 (IOS-XE), CUBE can be configured by using CLI add-on template or by using a CLI Device Template. In this Code Release, High Availability is still not supported. Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) (IOS-XE Routers)The second feature is Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP). First Hop Redundancy Protocol (FHRP) is designed to allow transparent failover of the first-hop IP device. HSRP provides high network availability by providing first-hop routing redundancy for IP hosts on networks configured with a default gateway IP address. In the previous version, we only supported VRRP. Many Engineers that have been implementing Cisco Routers and Switches for years have asked for this feature and now you have it.In SD-WAN 20.7 (Vip-OS)/17.7 (IOS-XE), HSRP can be configured by using a CLI add-on template or by using a CLI Device Template. In this Future Code Releases, HSRP will be built into feature templates. About the Author:Alan Gardner is the CEO of Current Technologies Computer Learning Center. Alan is a Cisco Distinguished Instructor and triple CCIE (Voice, Collaboration, Route/Switch). Alan has written several Cisco Authorized Courses on Cisco SD-WAN, ENCS, Enterprise Networking, Collaboration, CUCM, CUBE, and Webex Configuration and Administration. If you are interested in taking one of Alan’s Classes. Reach out to us sales@ctclc.com. He has a full teaching schedule that can be viewed at https://www.ctclc.com 

[orhanergun1]

Is Cisco CCDE Examination Vendor Neutral?

Is Cisco CCDE Exam supplier neutral?. Recently among my CCDE Bootcamp pupils asked me this question. He listened to that DMVPN may can be found in the exam.

At first of my each Ccie bootcamp class, I present the topics which will certainly more than likely asked in the CCDE Practical examination. Cisco declares that CCDE Practical exam is supplier neutral network layout examination.

And also I completely concur. Really not just DMVPN, however likewise HSRP, GLBP, EIGRP, GETVPN could be available in the exam and also you need to know the information of these technologies from the style perspective.

All these innovations are Cisco certain, why after that it is vendor neutral?

Reason is basic however not maybe evident for those that do not know the information of the exam.

These are really commonly deployed technologies in the networks. Practically everyone learned HSRP when they researched initial jump redundancy protocols, I believe, ideal?

Or, can be any good network engineer who don't understand EIGRP?

If you believe that you recognize routing protocols, or you assume that you know with them, you have to understand it.

Yet it is not about that they are frequently made use of technologies.

They are really stemmed from the effectively recognized requirement based protocols.

Let's take a look at DMVPN.

DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN) uses 2 frequently known standard protocols; mGRE as well as NHRP. DMVPN is a style which integrated by integrating well well-known criterion (RFC Based) modern technologies.

GETVPN is not different. GETVPN utilizes well known modern technologies and design mindset. Multipoint to multipoint common security.

Both, DMVPN and also GETVPN are utilized by numerous other networking vendors with a different names.

Click here To get about extra information:- Ccie service provider

Do I need to claim that EIGRP is an RFC already?

Now you know why Cisco CCDE Practical exam is vendor neutral and also allow's be reasonable, it is the very best network style examination in the market.

[edgarcfrancis]

#cisco #ciscogateway #cisconetworking #ciscosecure #ciscosecurity #ciscocertification #ciscopartners #ciscocert #ccna #ccnacertification #ccnatraining #networksecurity #bgproducts #networkengineer #networkadministration #ccie #ccna #ccnp #networkinfrastructure #internetprotocol

[karonbill]

2022 Updated CCNP Enterprise 300-410 ENARSI Dumps

Want to pass the Cisco 300-410 exam quickly? 300-410 ENARSI exam is one of six concentration exams you can take to earn the CCNP Enterprise certification. We have lots of feedbacks from candidates who passed this Cisco 300-410 ENARSI exam recently with PassQuestion updated CCNP Enterprise 300-410 ENARSI Dumps. It contains real exhibit questions and answers to practice so you can master all the exam content and skills to pass your Cisco 300-410 exam successfully. The CCNP Enterprise 300-410 ENARSI Dumps provided by PassQuestion cover all the syllabus of Implementing Cisco Enterprise Advanced Routing and Services exam and make your preparation easy,we make sure that you can clear the CCNP Enterprise Certification 300-410 ENARSI exam easily.

300-410 ENARSI Exam Overview

The Implementing Cisco Enterprise Advanced Routing and Services (300-410 ENARSI) is one of the concentration exams associated with the CCNP Enterprise certification. The 300-410 ENARSI exam tests the candidate's knowledge of implementation and troubleshooting for advanced routing technologies and services. Passing the ENARSI exam, along with the ENCOR 350-401 exam, will complete the requirements for obtaining a Cisco CCNP Enterprise certification.

This exam tests your knowledge of implementation and troubleshooting for advanced routing technologies and services, including:

Layer 3

VPN services

Infrastructure security

Infrastructure services

Infrastructure automation

Exam Objectives Content35% 1.0 Layer 3 Technologies

1.1 Troubleshoot administrative distance (all routing protocols)

1.2 Troubleshoot route map for any routing protocol (attributes, tagging, filtering)

1.3 Troubleshoot loop prevention mechanisms (filtering, tagging, split horizon, route poisoning)

1.4 Troubleshoot redistribution between any routing protocols or routing sources

1.5 Troubleshoot manual and auto-summarization with any routing protocol

1.6 Configure and verify policy-based routing

1.7 Configure and verify VRF-Lite

1.8 Describe Bidirectional Forwarding Detection

1.9 Troubleshoot EIGRP (classic and named mode)

1.10 Troubleshoot OSPF (v2/v3)

1.11 Troubleshoot BGP (Internal and External)

20% 2.0 VPN Technologies

2.1 Describe MPLS operations (LSR, LDP, label switching, LSP)

2.2 Describe MPLS Layer 3 VPN

2.3 Configure and verify DMVPN (single hub)

20% 3.0 Infrastructure Security

3.1 Troubleshoot device security using IOS AAA (TACACS+, RADIUS, local database)

3.2 Troubleshoot router security features

3.3 Troubleshoot control plane policing (CoPP) (Telnet, SSH, HTTP(S), SNMP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP)

3.4 Describe IPv6 First Hop security features (RA guard, DHCP guard, binding table, ND inspection/snooping, source guard)

25% 4.0 Infrastructure Services

4.1 Troubleshoot device management

4.2 Troubleshoot SNMP (v2c, v3)

4.3 Troubleshoot network problems using logging (local, syslog, debugs, conditional debugs, timestamps)

4.4 Troubleshoot IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP (DHCP client, IOS DHCP server, DHCP relay, DHCP options)

4.5 Troubleshoot network performance issues using IP SLA (jitter, tracking objects, delay, connectivity)

4.6 Troubleshoot NetFlow (v5, v9, flexible NetFlow)

4.7 Troubleshoot network problems using Cisco DNA Center assurance (connectivity, monitoring, device health, network health)

View Online Updated CCNP Enterprise 300-410 ENARSI Exam Free Questions

What is a prerequisite for configuring BFD? A. Jumbo frame support must be configured on the router that is using BFD. B. All routers in the path between two BFD endpoints must have BFD enabled. C. Cisco Express Forwarding must be enabled on all participating BFD endpoints. D. To use BFD with BGP, the timers 3 9 command must first be configured in the BGP routing process. Answer: C

Which configuration adds an IPv4 interface to an OSPFv3 process in OSPFv3 address family configuration? A. router ospfv3 1 address-family ipv4 B. Router(config-router)#ospfv3 1 ipv4 area 0 C. Router(config-if)#ospfv3 1 ipv4 area 0 D. router ospfv3 1 address-family ipv4 unicast Answer: C

Which command allows traffic to load-balance in an MPLS Layer 3 VPN configuration? A. multi-paths eibgp 2 B. maximum-paths 2 C. maximum-paths ibgp 2 D. multi-paths 2 Answer: C

Which statement about route distinguishers in an MPLS network is true? A. Route distinguishers allow multiple instances of a routing table to coexist within the edge router. B. Route distinguishers are used for label bindings. C. Route distinguishers make a unique VPNv4 address across the MPLS network. D. Route distinguishers define which prefixes are imported and exported on the edge router. Answer: C

Which statement about MPLS LDP router ID is true? A. If not configured, the operational physical interface is chosen as the router ID even if a loopback is configured. B. The loopback with the highest IP address is selected as the router ID. C. The MPLS LDP router ID must match the IGP router ID. D. The force keyword changes the router ID to the specified address without causing any impact. Answer: B

Which transport layer protocol is used to form LDP sessions? A. UDP B. SCTP C. TCP D. RDP Answer: C

[importantstudenttyphoon]

Enterprise Networking editors-with input from industry analysts, corporate executives and technology experts, selected the top SDN solutions transforming business. A variety of subjective and objective criteria were used for choosing the winners. The positioning is based on evaluation of Complete Communications’ specialties in Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Cisco IWAN, Enterprise WAN and DMVPN. It also brings unique custom fit solutions to the customer’s business.