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#Frank Orren Lowden
politicaldilfs · 1 month
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Illinois Governor DILFs
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Jim Edgar, Otto Kerner Jr., James R. Thompson, George Ryan, Louis Lincoln Emmerson, William Ryan, Samuel Shapiro, Len Small, Rod Blagojevich, Dwight H. Green, J.B. Pritzker, Henry Horner, Adlai Stevenson II, Richard B. Ogilvie, Pat Quinn, Bruce Rauner, Dan Walker, Frank Orren Lowden
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spookyfoxdreamer · 1 month
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dolphintonki · 2 years
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Pat Moynihan/Frank Church, Jesse Helms/Larry MacDonald, Mike Gravel/Eldridge Cleaverġ980: Def. William Fulbright, John Rarick/Lester Maddox, George McGovern/Mark Hatfieldġ976: Def. Charles Percy/William Scranton, James Eastland/John Rarick, Eugene McCarthy/George McGovern Harold Stassen/Richard Nixon, Orval Faubus/John StennisĮverett Dirksen/Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. Truman/Alben Barkley, Strom Thurmond/Fielding L. Bobby Rush (Democrat/ Progressive)ġ948: Def. Jesse Jackson (Democrat/Progressive)ġ989- : Rev. Ron Dellums/Lawyer Ralph Nader (Progressive)ġ985-89: Pres. Called the heir to Roosevelt, Javits is pushing for stronger American-Israeli ties, countering the ever-growing threat of Soviet expansionism, and pushed for a greater Civil Rights Act than what Roosevelt and Revercomb had managedġ969-73: Fmr. America's first Jewish president, won in a landslide over Stevenson/Kefauver.
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Stevenson wins by the skin of his teeth and, despite the well-to-do economy, is soundly defeatedģ6. A moderate-to-conservative Democrat, Eisenhower towers over the political establishment though does nothing more for civil rightsģ5. Despite the wave of sympathy over Roosevelt's death, and the end of the war, Revercomb loses the 1948 election in a landslide to.ģ4. Revercomb, a pro-civil rights activist, is thrust into the presidency. Many blamed the stress of the war effort on his passing.ģ3. When war broke out, Roosevelt led America into war - and unfortunately died of a heart attack. Anti-lynching bills were enacted, and the push for African-American civil rights was begun. And who better to right the ship than Teddy Roosevelt, Jr. To many, the Roosevelt name is synonymous with Republican.
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Facing anti-Catholics, a slowly declining economy (then full on economic depression), and a growing liberal-conservative Republican Party, Smith would be decimated by the 1929 economic collapse.ģ2. Smith, the first Catholic president, faced an uphill battle. He is also remembered for being the man to push through Prohibition.ģ1. McAdoo is remembered more as an economic president, turning the US into the main economic superpower. Though President Wilson's son-in-law, William Gibbs McAdoo, avenged the Democratic loss four years later. The 1916 election remains a textbook example of a narrow election, with Hughes winning by a hair the states of California and New Hampshire.ģ0. 1961-incumbent: Jacob Javits (Republican)ġ960: Adlai Stevenson / Estes Kefauver (Democratic)Ģ9. Eisenhower (Democratic)ġ948: Chapman Revercomb / Earl Warren (Republican)ġ952: Earl Warren / Everett Dirksen (Republican)ģ5. Smith / Albert Ritchie (Democratic)ġ936: John Nance Garner / Pat McCarran (Democratic)ġ940: Paul V. 1921-1929: William Gibbs McAdoo (Democratic)ġ920: Charles Evans Hughes / Frank Orren Lowden (Republican)ġ924: Gifford Pinchot / John W. 1917-1921: Charles Evans Hughes (Republican)ġ916: Woodrow Wilson / Thomas R. 1913-1917: Woodrow Wilson (Democratic)ġ912: Theodore Roosevelt / Hiram Johnson (Progressive), William Howard Taft / Nicholas M. So this is a remake of the list I made a while back ( here), with a more liberal-conservative Republican PartyĢ8.
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prophetisaie · 4 years
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Hon. Marcus Mosiah Garvey.
1910 August 1 5, 000 Jamaican’s stage an Emancipation Day demonstration in Limon, Costa Rica and Garvey is 1 of 15 contestants in an all island elocution competition held at Collegiate Hall in Kingston where he protests the judges decision.
October Garvey travels to Costa Rica where his maternal uncle Henry Richards finds him employment as a time keeper on a Banana plantation in Limon.
1911 March Garvey in Costa Rica becomes editor of the daily newspaper La Nacionale, he writes a letter critical of the editor of the West Indian newspaper, The Times/El Tiempo, setting off protracted controversy between the two papers and later travels to Colon, Panama.
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1913 May Chief Alfred Charles Sam Akyem Abuakwa sells shares for his Akim Trading Company in Texas, Oklahoma.
August Sam’s ship the S. S. Liberia, the German steamer, Curityba, sets sail for Gambia with sixty trained men, a cargo of lumber, cement, lime, flour, agricultural implements, and household goods.
December Sam and immigrants arrive at their destination in Bathurst, Gambia (present day Banjul) and also travel to Freetown, Sierra Leone.
1917 January Garvey’s “West Indies in the Mirror of Truth,” article is published in Chicago in the Champion Magazine.
February 11 Sunday Zewditu is anointed with the oil of kingship by Abuna Mettewos with Tafari previously Dejazmatch assuming the rank of Ras, Crown Prince, hier to the throne and Regent Plenipotentiary.
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March 25 Garvey speak on “The Negroes of the West Indies, after 78 years of Emancipation.” With a general talk on the world position of the race.at the Big Bethel African Methodist Espicopal Church Corner Auburn Avenue and Butler Street in Georgia, Atlanta.
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the handbill reads BIG MASS MEETING A CALL TO THE COLORED CITIZENS OF ATLANTA GEOGRIA To Hear the Great West Indian Negro Leader HON. MARCUS GARVEY President of the Universal Negro Improvement Association of Jamaica, West Indies. Big Bethel A.M.E. Church Corner Auburn Avenue and Butler Street SUNDAY AFTERNOON, AT 2 O’CLOCK MARCH 25, 1917 He brings a message of inspiration to the 12,000,000 of our people in this country. SUBJECT: “The Negroes of the West Indies, after 78 years of Emancipation.” With a general talk on the world position of the race. An orator of exceptional force, Professor Garvey has spoken to packed audience’s in England, New York, Boston, Washington, Philadelphia, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Louis, Detroit, Cleveland, Cincinatti, Indianapolis, Louisville, Nashville and other cities. He has travelled to the principal countries of Europe, and was the first Negro to speak to the Veterans’ Club of London, England. This is the only chance to hear a great man who has taken his message before the world. COME OUT EARLY TO SECURE SEATS. It is worth travelling 1,000 miles to hear.
March Tsar Nicholas II resigns. April 26 ‘Mayor Fred W. Moflman arrived in the city on a trip from St. Louis. In New Orleans he was met by Mayor Behrman and the New Orleans Board of Trade. For months the Farmers of Louisiana were frightened out of their wits over the everyday migration of Negroes from great farming centers of the State. They wrote to the papers, they appealed to the Governor, the Mayor and the Legislature and the Board of Trade to stop the Negroes going away, but up to the 26th of April nothing was done to stop the people excepting the Railway Companies promising to use certain restraint on the rush of people obtaining passages on the trains by Railway orders sent to them from the North. At this time Mayor Mollman arrived and the Farmers and Board of Trade met him and asked his help in discouraging the Negroes from going North and especially to East St. Louis. In an interview given out to the New Orleans press he said that the Negroes from the South were reaching St. Louis at the rate of 2,000 per week, and that they were creating a problem there. He said that some of the largest industries in the country were established in East St. Louis and there were strikes for the last few months. He believed the labor conditions in East St. Louis were responsible for the number of Negro laborers going to that city. When the strikes started, he said, United States District Judge Wright issued an injunction restraining the strikers from intimidating the laborers who took their places. This order prevented uprisings and riots. “Conditions are very bad in East St. Louis,” he said, “because many plants are suffering for the want of labor. However, our city is growing and we have a population of 85,000 persons. During 1916 we gained 1,600 in population.” His interview did not make pleasant reading for the Farmers and others interested in labor in New Orleans and Louisiana so that the very next day he appeared at the Board of Trade where he met the Farmers and others and in discussing the labor exodus with them, he promised that he would do all he could to discourage Negroes from Louisiana going into East St. Louis as the city did not want them. His interview on the first day was an encouragement to the Negroes to go to East St. Louis, as there was work for them, owing to the inability of the various plants to get labor. On the second day when he was approached he said East St. Louis did not want the Negroes, and he then promised to do all in his power to prevent them going there. His remarks to the people whom he met were published under big headlines in the News papers, so that the Negroes could read that they were not wanted in East St. Louis, but that did not deter the blackmen of Louisiana who were looking for better opportunities in the land of their birth going about the country looking for better conditions than the South offered with lynching and Jim Crowism. The Negroes still continued their migration North. The Mayor of East St. Louis returned to the city after making his promise to the Farmers, Board of Trade and others who were interested in Negro labor.’ April 27 Friday Mayor Mollman appeals before the Board of Trade where he makes his statement of promise. April Lenin returns to Russia from exile in Switzerland and later also flees to Finland. The United States enter WWI. May 4 May 5 The New Orleans Board of trade elects Mr. M. J. Sanders its president, and Mr. W. P. Ross as delegates to attend a transportation conference at St. Louis to be held on May 8-9. May 8-9 The transportation conference is held at St. Louis at which several prominent men interested in the labor condition of the South were present as messrs. May 28 East St. Louis. White employees of the Aluminium Ore Company vote for labor strike, the Company employ hundreds of blacks, 3, 000 white men begin rioting. Crowds of white men after leaving the city council stopped street cars and dragged Negroes off and beat them.
May 29 Night 3 Negroes and 2 white men are shot. An investigation of the affair resulted in the finding that labor agents had induced Negroes to come from the South. Governor Frank Orren Lowden summonds the National Guard subdue to riot. 'One thing I do no[w?] know; the first riot started on May 28 after a conference of labor leaders with Mayor Mollman. On that day, May 28, crowds of white men after leaving the City Council stopped street cars and dragged Negroes off and beat them. Then the night following three Negroes and two white men were shot. An investigation of the affair resulted in the finding that labor agents had induced Negroes to come from the South. I can hardly see the relevance of such a report with the dragging of men from cars and shooting them. The City authorities did nothing to demonstrate to the unreasonable labor leaders that they would be firmly dealt with should they maltreat and kill black men. No threat was offered to these men because Mayor Mollman himself had promised to do all he could to drive the Negroes out of East St. Louis, and to instill fear in the hearts of the people in the South so as to prevent them coming North. On the 29th of May, a day after the first disturbance, and when three Negro men had been killed, Mayor Mollman sent a dispatch to Governor Pleasant of Louisiana advising the Negroes of Louisiana to remain away from East St. Louis. This news item from the “Call” of May 31 which I will read will speak for itself. May Garvey returns to New York from his speaking tour.
Harrison founds the Liberty League and Voice newspaper.
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June 12 Harrison and Garvey speak at Harrisons Liberty League of Negro Americans meeting to petition the government again lynchings and disenfranchisement at the African Methodist Espicopa lBethal Church on 52-60 West 132ND. The handbill which also details Chandler Owen as one of the speakers reads STOP LYNCHING AND DISFRANCHISEMENT IN THE LAND WHICH WE LOVE AND MAKE THE SOUTH “SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY” A Mass Meeting OF COLORED CITIZENS WILL BE HELD AT BETHEL CHURCH, 52-60 West 132ND Street On TUESDAY, JUNE 12th, at 8 P. M. UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE LIBERTY LEAGUE of Negro-Americans To take steps to uproot these two evils and “to petition the government for a redress of grievances.” IF YOU BELIEVE IN NEGRO MANHOOD IF YOU BELIEVE IN NEGRO WOMANHOOD IF YOU LOVE YOUR COUNTRY IF YOU LOVE YOUR RACE The meeting will be addressed by MR. HUBERT H. HARRISON MR. CHANDLER OWENS REV. DR. CLAYTON POWELL other prominent ministers and laymen. June 15 The United States congress pass the Espionage Act of 1917.
July Race riot in East Saint Louis, Illinois, on the east bank of the Mississippi River across from St. Louis, Missouri. The East St. Louis Riot, or rather massacre, of Monday [July] 2nd, will go down in history as one of the bloodiest outrages against mankind for which any class of people could be held guilty. (Hear! hear.) This is no time for fine words, but a time to lift one’s voice against the savagery of a people who claim to be the dispensers of democracy. (cheers) I do not know what special meaning the people who slaughtered the Negroes of East. St. Louis have for democracy of which they are the custodians, but I do know that it has no literal meaning for me as used and applied by these same lawless people. (hear! hear!). America, that has been ringing the bells of the world, proclaiming to the nations and the peoples thereof that she has democracy to give to all and sundry, America that has denounced Germany for the deportations of the Belgians into Germany, America that has arraigned Turkey at the bar of public opinion and public justice against the massacres of the Armenians, has herself no satisfaction to give 12,000,000 of her own citizens except the satisfaction of a farcical inquiry that will end where it begun, over the brutal murder of men, women and children for no other reason than that they are black people seeking an industrial chance in a country that they have laboured for three hundred years to make great. (cheers)’. Garvey “The conspiracy of the East St. Louis Riots” July 8. White men in a Ford drive by and fire shots at blacks, an hour later a journalist and two police men also drive by in a Ford, blacks open fire on car killing one officer, thousand of whites begin rioting. An example of what the guardsmen encountered, and themselves enjoyed, was the beating of colored women by white girls. This sort of thing was common. It resulted in the death of several Negro women. Six girls, according to the report pursued a colored girl around the main railway station. A mob formed behind the girls who were screaming frantic epithets at the terrified black girl. “Send them back to Africa.” “Kill them all.” “Lynch them,” shouted the young amazons. Suddenly the crowd swept from the trail of the girl. A yell then arose. “There is one.” It was a Negro walking on the railroad track. Before he realized his peril he was killed. Half a dozen pistols cracked and the man dropped without a chance to run. (groans) Two white girls, neither more than 17 years old, the report said, were cheered when they dragged a colored girl from a street car, removed her slippers and beat senseless with the sharp wooden heels. Some reports said black women were stripped by white women for the amusement of the crowd. (Cries of shame!). Garvey “The conspiracy of the East St. Louis Riots” July 8. The National Guard do nothing. Congressional Investigating Committee reports 39 blacks and 9 whites dead, although more accurately hundreds more are believed to have died, 6 thousand blacks are left homeless after their neighborhood burned. The NAACP reports 100-200 deaths, Ida B Wells reports in the Chicago Defender 40-150 dead.
July 8 Garvey makes his “The conspiracy of the East St. Louis Riots” speech at Lafayette Hall in Harlem, the speech is also printed and distributed in pamphlet form.
July 28 Du Bois and NAACP organise and lead the “Silent March” of 10,000 Negro New Yorkers down Fifth Avenue to protest the East St. Louis race riot, Du Bois travels to St. Louis to report on the riots and receives commission in army.
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August 10 Lenin arrives at Helsinki where he hides away in safe houses belonging to Bolshevik sympathisers. September Du Bois in the Crisis publishes his “The Massacre of East St. Louis" article.
November 6 (October 24th/25th) Bolshevik Marxist majority of the Russian Social Democratic Party founded by Lenin seize power in Petrograd.
1919 June 16 Garvey is questioned by New York Assistant District Attorney Edwin P. Kilroe about financial aspects of the Black Star Line.
June 27 Garvey and the UNIA file the incorporation of the Black Star Line steam shipping line as a Deleware state corporation.
August 2 Garvey dismisses Grey and Warner as BSL directors and officers.
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September 16 Garvey appears before New York Assistant District Attorney Kilroe for further questioning regarding BSL’s finances.
September 17 The BSL sign contract to pay $165, 000 for the Yarmouth.
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September 20 The BSL board of directors approve the purchase of the S. S. Yarmouth.
September 22 and 23 The Black Star Line is going Over the Top STOCK WILL BE ON SALE AT THESE BIG MEETING The shares of the Black Star Line are sold at $5 and you can buy as many as you want and make money Hon. MARCUS GARVEY World Famed Negro Orator who has travelled the Work President of the Negro Universal Improvement Association and Managing Editor of the Negro World of New York will speak. ADMISSION FREE BE EARLY TO GET SEATS Beehive Printing Company, 2305 Seventh Avenue. N. Y. C.
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November 23 The Yarmouth leaves for the West Indies and Central America.
December 7 The S. S. Yarmouth leaves Cuba for Jamaica.
December The S. S. Yarmouth arrives in Kingston.
July 27 UNIA Liberty Hall is established in the old Metropolitan Baptist Church in Harlem at 120 West 138th Street; a mass meeting is held the same evening to dedicate the building.
The building was named after the HQ of the Irish Citizen Army in Dublin, Ireland.
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Photo shows banner reading "We Serve Neither King nor Kaiser, But Ireland" on the front of the hall.
1921 March 7 President C. D. B. King of Liberia arrives in New York as head of the United States Liberian Plenary Commissione to negotiate loan and 5 man UNIA welcoming delegation pays greeting call at Waldorf Astoria Hotel.
March 18 The UNIA mission arrives in Monrovia.
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March 22 The UNIA delegates to Liberia hold an official interview with Liberia’s acting president.
April The UNIA delegates stop “construction work” temporarily because of lack of funds.
Rev. F. Wilcom Ellegor, UNIA high commissioner meets with President C.D.B. King in Washington D.C., regarding the UNIA Liberia construction loan.
June 27 UNIA potentate, Gabriel M. Johnson (son of President Hillary Johnson), leaves Liberia for New York to attend Second UNIA convention.
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The title Potentate.
June 29 State Department seeks to stop voyage of Johnson.
June Crisis publish open letter signed by president C. D. B. King renouncing ties with UNIA.
July 14-16 Johnson arrives in New York; interviewed by BOI agents detained for examination by United States Immigration on Ellis Island; finally admitted.
1922 February 13 Garvey praises Mississippi State Sen. T.S. McCallum’s bail for establishing a black nation in Africa to solve American race problem.
Mississippi State Senate passes Senator Mc Callum’s resolution urging United States Congress to acquire African territory for “the founding of a national home for the American Negro.”
June 25 Garvey travels to Atlanta for a meeting with the Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan.
1923 December 11 UNIA delegation departs for Liberia via Lisbon, Portugal on the Cunard vessel S. S. Britannia.
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The delegation is led by Henrietta Vinton Davis and also included Princeton education Robert Piston and UNIA new attorney Milton Van Lowe.
1925 January 3 The Black Cross Navigation and Trading Company place Big Negro Excursion advertisement in the Negro World announcing the sailing of the S.S. Booker T. Washington to Central America, the West Indies, Panama, and the South of the United States.
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January 10 The Black Cross Navigation and Trading Company completes purchase of S.S. Goethals. January 18 The S.S. Goethals leaves New York for the Caribbean travelling via Philadelphia and Norfolk, Virginia. January 25 Myra Howell arrives in New York. February 3 S.S. Goethals arrives in Havana, Cuba.
February 10 The S.S. Goethals arrives in Kingston, Jamaica. February 14 Garvey appoint William Sherrilll, Clifford Bourne and G. Emonei Carter as committee of management to administer the UNIA and ACL in his absence. March 13 The S.S. Goethals arrives in Colon, Panama.
May 14 Ku Klux Klan board the S.S. Goethals and threaten passengers and crew the crew members on the shore are driven into a swamp. May 19 Malcolm Little is born to Grenada born Louise Helen Little, secretary and reporter at Omaha, Nebraska and Earl Little, Baptist Lay preacher also a member of the UNIA.
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May 31 The S.S. Goethals returns to the port in New York City.
October 15 Sherrill convenes meeting in New York of Committee of Presidents from largest UNIA division.
1926 January 30 Garvey instructs Negro World managing editor Norton G. Thomas to denounce leadership of Sherrill and George Weston power struggle ensues between UNIA faction loyal to Garvey and faction led by Weston in New York.
February 19 Garvey sends telegram to Negro World dismissing Sherril and Weston which is published on the cover of the issue. February 20 Garvey announces holding of emergency UNIA convention in Detroit and also announces new slate of officers to oppose the leadership of Sherrill and Weston.
March 14 Emergency UNIA convention convenes in Detroit.
March 15 Prepared statement from Garvey is read to convention delegates which states that Sherrill, Weston and G. O. Marke, deputy supreme potentate are leaders of a conspiracy aimed at defeating the plans and purposes of the UNIA and levels specific charges of maladministration and disloyalty against Sherrill.
August 1-15 New York local UNIA division holds convention at Liberty Hall, New York denounces Garvey and officers elected in Detroit, elects rival slate of national officers headed by Weston as president general. August 15-30 UNIA divisions loyal to Garvey hold local conventions.
September 16 Weston challenges Garvey’s authority over UNIA affairs, secures court order against Garvey and UNI parent body administration elected in Detroit, enjoining them from holding meeting or collecting funds in the name of the UNIA, Incorporated.
October New York Supreme Court rules in UNIA, Incorporated v. Marcus Garvey that the New York division has no jurisdiction over Liberty University or the collection of funds in the name of the UNIA, Incorporated and awards joint use of Liberty Hall to the New York division and UNIA parent body. November Weston place $32, 000 mortgage on Liberty Hall to settle court claims for back salaries of UNIA officials.
1927 September 14 Liberty Hall is foreclosed and auctioned.
1928 October 7 The Ras Tafari Makonnen Crown Prince, hier to the throne and Regent Plenipotentiary is crowned King/Negus by Empress Zawditu.
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1929 January 15 Martin Luther King Jr is born in Atlanta, Georgia. February 9 after all is said and done, Africans have the same confidence in Marcus Garvey which the Israelites had in Moses.“ Enock Mazilinko Johannesburg, South Africa the Negro World 
September 26 Garvey is convicted of contempt of court for judicial system in Jamaica, sentenced to 3 months at the district jail in St. Catherine and fined £100. October The UNIA’s Liberty University is closed. The Littles home in is burned. December 19 Garvey is released from the St. Catherine district jail.
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