#Highwall mining

[blogynews]

"Undercover Heist Unraveled: Unprecedented Coal Theft Rocks West Bengal Mine, Prompting Urgent Safety Measures"

Three villagers were killed in an active coal mine in Ranigunj while attempting to steal coal, leaving senior coal officials surprised. Unlike previous incidents where deaths occurred in abandoned mines due to cave-ins, this incident took place at an operating colliery. The incident occurred at Narayankuri, where a highwall miner machine was being used to cut and retrieve coal. The villagers had…

[blogynewz]

"Undercover Heist Unraveled: Unprecedented Coal Theft Rocks West Bengal Mine, Prompting Urgent Safety Measures"

Three villagers were killed in an active coal mine in Ranigunj while attempting to steal coal, leaving senior coal officials surprised. Unlike previous incidents where deaths occurred in abandoned mines due to cave-ins, this incident took place at an operating colliery. The incident occurred at Narayankuri, where a highwall miner machine was being used to cut and retrieve coal. The villagers had…

[blogynewsz]

"Undercover Heist Unraveled: Unprecedented Coal Theft Rocks West Bengal Mine, Prompting Urgent Safety Measures"

Three villagers were killed in an active coal mine in Ranigunj while attempting to steal coal, leaving senior coal officials surprised. Unlike previous incidents where deaths occurred in abandoned mines due to cave-ins, this incident took place at an operating colliery. The incident occurred at Narayankuri, where a highwall miner machine was being used to cut and retrieve coal. The villagers had…

[talktomanojpachaury]

Surface Mining

Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit are removed, in contrast to underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral is removed through shafts or tunnels.

The Main Difference between  Surface mining &  Underground mining is that :  Surface mining is suitable for large, low-grade ore deposits which occur below a thin layer of rock or sand. Underground mining is used for small, high-grade deposits covered with a thick soil or rock above the ore.

Surface mining began in the mid-16th century and is practiced throughout the world, although the majority of surface coal mining occurs in North America. It gained popularity throughout the 20th century, and surface mines now produce most of the coal mined in the United States.

In most forms of surface mining, heavy equipment, such as earthmovers, first remove the overburden. Next, large machines, such as dragline excavators or bucket wheel excavators, extract the mineral.

Image above shows the methods of surface mining.

There are five main methods of surface mining, detailed below.

1. Strip mining

2. Open-pit mining

3.  Mountaintop removal

4.  Dredging

5.  Highwall mining

1.  Strip mining

"Strip mining" is the practice of mining a seam of mineral, by first removing a long strip of overlying soil and rock (the overburden); this activity is also referred to as "overburden removal". It is most commonly used to mine coal and lignite (brown coal). Strip mining is only practical when the ore body to be excavated is relatively near the surface. This type of mining uses some of the largest machines on earth, including bucket-wheel excavators which can move as much as 12,000 cubic metres of earth per hour.

There are two forms of strip mining. The more common method is "area stripping", which is used on fairly flat terrain, to extract deposits over a large area. As each long strip is excavated, the overburden is placed in the excavation produced by the previous strip.

"Contour mining" involves removing the overburden above the mineral seam near the outcrop in hilly terrain, where the mineral outcrop usually follows the contour of the land. Contour stripping is often followed by auger mining into the hillside, to remove more of the mineral. This method commonly leaves behind terraces in mountainsides.

2.  Open-pit mining

"Open-pit mining" refers to a method of extracting rock or minerals from the earth through their removal from an open pit or borrow. Although open-pit mining is sometimes mistakenly referred to as "strip mining", the two methods are different.

The El Chino mine located near Silver City, New Mexico is an open-pit copper mine.

3.  Mountaintop removal

"Mountaintop removal mining" (MTR) is a form of coal mining that mines coal seams beneath mountaintops by first removing the mountaintop overlying the coal seam. Explosives are used to break up the rock layers above the seam, which are then removed. Excess mining waste or "overburden" is dumped by large trucks into fills in nearby hollow or valley fills. MTR involves the mass restructuring of earth in order to reach the coal seam as deep as 400 feet (120 m) below the surface. Mountaintop removal replaces the original steep landscape with a much flatter topography. Economic development attempts on reclaimed mine sites include prisons such the Big Sandy Federal Penitentiary in Martin County, Kentucky, small town airports, golf courses such as Twisted Gun in Mingo County, West Virginia and Stonecrest Golf Course in Floyd County, Kentucky, as well as industrial scrubber sludge disposal sites, solid waste landfills, trailer parks, explosive manufacturers, and storage rental lockers.

The technique has been used increasingly in recent years in the Appalachian coal fields of West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia and Tennessee in the United States. The profound changes in topography and disturbance of pre-existing ecosystems have made mountaintop removal highly controversial.

4.  Dredging

"Dredging" is a method for mining below the water table. It is mostly associated with gold mining. Small dredges often use suction to bring the mined material up from the bottom of a water body. Historically, large-scale dredging often used a floating dredge, a barge-like vessel which scooped material up on a conveyor belt in front, removed the desirable component on board, and returned the unwanted material via another conveyor belt in back. In gravel-filled river valleys with shallow water tables, a floating dredge could work its way through the loose sediment in a pond of its own making.

5.  Highwall mining

Highwall mining is another form of mining sometimes conducted to recover additional coal adjacent to a surface mined area. The method evolved from auger mining but does not meet the definition of surface mining since it does not involve the removal of overburden to expose the coal seam.

CERB final report No. 2014-004 "Highwall Mining: Design Methodology, Safety, and Suitability" by Yi Luo characterizes it as a "relatively new semi-surface and semi-underground coal mining method that evolved from auger mining".

In Highwall mining, the coal seam is penetrated by a continuous miner propelled by a hydraulic Pushbeam Transfer Mechanism (PTM). A typical cycle includes sumping (launch-pushing forward) and shearing (raising and lowering the cutterhead boom to cut the entire height of the coal seam). As the coal recovery cycle continues, the cutterhead is progressively launched into the coal seam for 19.72 feet (6.01 m). 

Then, the Pushbeam Transfer Mechanism (PTM) automatically inserts a 19.72-foot (6.01 m) long rectangular Pushbeam (Screw-Conveyor Segment) into the center section of the machine between the Powerhead and the cutterhead. The Pushbeam system can penetrate nearly 1,200 feet (366 m) into the coal seam.

One patented Highwall mining systems use augers enclosed inside the Pushbeam that prevent the mined coal from being contaminated by rock debris during the conveyance process. Using a video imaging and/or a gamma ray sensor and/or other Geo-Radar systems like a coal-rock interface detection sensor (CID), the operator can see ahead projection of the seam-rock interface and guide the continuous miner's progress. 

Highwall mining can produce thousands of tons of coal in contour-strip operations with narrow benches, previously mined areas, trench mine applications and steep-dip seams with controlled water-inflow pump system and/or a gas (inert) venting system.

Recovery with tunneling shape of Drives are much better than round Augering Holes, but the mapping of areas that have been developed by a Highwall miner are not mapped as rigorously as deep mined areas. 

Very little soil is displaced in contrast with mountain top removal; however a large amount of capital is required to operate and own a Highwall miner. But then this Highwall mining system is the innovative roadmap future potential and stay or being better competitive in the area of environmental friendly non mountain-top (overburden) removal operated by only 4 crew members.

Mapping of the outcrop as well as core hole data and samples taken during the bench making process are taken into account to best project the panels that the Highwall miner will cut. 

Obstacles that could be potentially damaged by subsidence and the natural contour of the Highwall are taken into account, and a surveyor points the Highwall miner in a line (Theoretical Survey Plot-Line) mostly perpendicular to the Highwall. 

Parallel lines represent the drive cut into the mountain (up to 1,200 feet (366 m) deep - 2015 records), without heading or corrective steering actuation on a navigation Azimuth during mining results in missing a portion of the coal seam and is a potential danger of cutting in pillars from previous mined drives due to horizontal drift (Roll) of the Pushbeam-Cuttermodule string.

Recently Highwall miners have penetrated more than 1200 feet (366 m) [2015 ongoing records] into the coal seam, and today's models are capable of going farther, with the support of gyro navigation and not limited anymore by the amount of cable stored on the machine. 

The maximum depth would be determined by the stress of further penetration and associated specific-power draw, ("Torsion and Tension" in Screw-Transporters String) but today's optimized Screw-Transporters Conveying Embodiments (called: Pushbeams) with Visual Product Development and Flow Simulation Behavior software "Discrete Element Modeling" (DEM) shows smart-drive extended penetrations are possible, even so under steep inclined angles from horizontal to more than 30 degree downhole.

In case of significant steep mining the new mining method phrase should be "Directional Mining" [Commonly Used Technologies as valuable synergy Directional Drilling and Directional Mining are categorized in "Surface to In-Seam" (SIS) Techniques], dry or wet, Dewatering is developed or Cutting & Dredging through Screw-Transporters are proactive in developing roadmap of the leading global Highwall mining engineering company.

[lenniharrisonsims]

Behind The Scenes...

Hartwards House, San Myshuno, 9:57pm

FM: Hey there, stranger!

Yue: Hey!

FM: You sure have been gone awhile. What the hell’s been keeping you in Highwall? Or should I say who?

Yue: Ha-ha. Very funny. You a comedian now?

FM: How is Sam?

Yue: She’s great, she sends her love.

FM: Good, send her mine.

Yue: I will.

FM: Come on in, it’s freezing out here.

Yue: I know. Did it become Fall overnight?

FM: Nah, you’ve just been in the desert too long.

Yue: Knock it off!

Hualing: My, look at how grown up and beautiful you two are.

FM: …

Yue: … Excuse me, can I help you?

Hualing: It’s wonderful to see how close you two are.

Yue: Ma’am, this is private property.

FM: Who are you?

Hualing: My name is Hualing Zheng. My husband was the late Mr. Bolin Zheng, of Zheng Technologies.

Yue: That’s… nice… I’m sorry Ma’am, if you want-

Hualing: I’m your mother.

Yue: …

FM: …

Hualing: It’s a long story, but the short version is this; I had you, Yue, and I was pregnant with you, Feng Mian. It was out of wedlock, and my parents had arranged a marriage for me to Mr. Zheng. I had no choice, and we had no money, and Mr. Zheng didn’t want any past attachments to ruin his career. So I had to give you up.

Yue: …

FM: …

Hualing: You need to process this, and I understand. But just know that I never stopped thinking about you two. As soon as my husband was gone, I had only one thought- to come here and see you. I’ll be at the BayView Hotel just across the square when you’re ready to talk. Goodnight, girls.

Yue: …

FM: …

[notes-on-business-models]

Cat® HW300 Highwall Mining System -- Product Video

more coal. it is there. with the Caterpillar highwall miner, you will reach it.

[gainwellindia]

Changing the landscape of India – Earth Moving machines or Heavy equipment

Earth Moving equipment or heavy equipment is one of the important tools for construction jobs of any shape and size. From building construction to large scale commercial and civil projects, earth moving equipment or heavy equipment are one of the essential vehicles to perform large scale and important tasks. Earth Moving machines or heavy equipment covers a broad range of machines that can excavate and grade soil and rock, along with other essential jobs of taking the excavated dumps from one place to another. Earth Movers and other heavy equipment today are not only used to speed up the overall construction process but also helps in handling materials and demolitions. These heavy equipment or earth moving equipment can be procured either by purchasing them from reputed heavy equipment dealer or can also be taken on rent from the owners of these machines.

But before that one should know the various types of these earth moving equipment as the uses of these heavy equipment varies from types of work one need to perform.

Here are a list of Earth Moving or heavy equipment products which will help you identify your requirements and you choose the correct vehicle for the use:

Excavators

It is a large construction equipment driven by tracks or wheels. Tracks are more standard and common which you see in daily life. An excavator will have a long bucket arm attached with cabin that can rotate a full 360 Degree. The operator can sit in side the cabin and can have complete views to perform the task. These excavators or earth movers are highly versatile and can be fitted with special attachments for specific jobs.

Motor Graders:

This earth moving equipment is largely used for fine grading and moving dirt. These graders normally consist of long blade which can be adjusted to meet certain angles to create flat surface. Motor graders or this heavy machine can be used for fine grading or underground mining.

Backhoe Loader:

This heavy equipment has a similar body type of a farm tractor with adjustable shovel in from and a bucket in the back. Backhoe loaders are considered medium sized construction equipment for smaller jobs and are capable of working in lesser space as well. This machine can lift dirt, can excavate and dig holes and trenches and can place pipes and other materials. Since the backhoe loaders are wheel based, so it suites the urban environment.

Highwall mining

This earth mover is used to link underground and surface mining operations. This versatile equipment offers a safe and innovative method for extracting coal from exposed seams in a multitude applications.

The Gainwell Highwall Mining system offers an innovative and efficient method for extracting coal from exposed seams in a multitude of applications.

Product range from Gainwell India for highwall mining:

1.       Mid-Seam Cutter Module

2.       Low Profile Cutter Module

3.       High Seam Cutter Module

4.       Product Support

Skid Steer Loader

This earth mover machine is among the most versatile machines available in construction area. These machines are small in size and can turn within its own periphery, making them idea for work in confined places. This heavy equipment machine is also good to operate in snow and mud driven areas.

Guardrail

Combining the latest Guardrail installation machinery to ensure the job is done efficiently and safe…

GROUNDWORK supplies a range of post driving machines to suit your guardrail barrier installation projects. Built from durable materials and featuring high performance post hammers, our machines will ensure your get the job done fast and save cost on labor. By including the additional CHALLENGER 1500 Guardrail Barrier Installer, you will increase the accuracy and speed when placing and positioning the guardrail barrier to the posts.

There are many other types of earth movers and heavy equipment which is available in the market. Here is the link below which you can check and refer to go through the various heavy equipment available in market:

https://www.gainwellindia.com/highwall

https://www.gainwellindia.com/cat

There are many heavy equipment dealers are available in market, but one should choose a suitable partner to get efficient work from the machine. The heavy equipment dealers are quite essential for you, as they make your life easier when you face any trouble. You should also look at their post purchase maintenance aspect, as it requires a timely delivery or work.

[laxyogroups]

Laxyo energy ltd is the leading Mining companies in India having all types of mine equipment for rental land reclamation, Green vegetation, harvestable timber tracts, clear water, stable slopes, and safe highwalls.

For more info visit us at- http://www.laxyo.com/mining-services.php

[andreagillmer]

Gold Miner Reports Infill Drill Results in Nevada Gold Deposit

Source: Streetwise Reports   08/22/2018

The results confirm continuity to mineralization and resource expansion potential.

Gold Standard Ventures Corp. (GSV:TSX.V; GSV:NYSE) has released results from 24 core holes at the Pinion oxide gold deposit on its 100%-owned and controlled Railroad-Pinion project in Nevada’s Carlin Trend.

“Among the better intersections were 15.6m of 3.26 g Au/t, 14.9m of 2.35 g Au/t, 20.1m of 1.36 g Au/t, and 84.8m of 0.86 g Au/t in three different holes,” stated the company. “These results continue to confirm lateral continuity to oxide gold mineralization and resource expansion potential on the east side of the deposit. The 2018 infill and geotechnical program included 13,111m of drilling in 127 holes. The program was designed to reduce drill spacing to approximately 30m in critical portions of the deposit and provide additional core for metallurgical and HPGR testing.”

Gold Standard has reported results for 124 of the 127 holes that have been completed.

Pinion is now one of five gold deposits being advanced by Gold Standard Ventures on its Railroad-Pinion Project, including Dark Star, Jasperoid Wash, Dixie and North Bullion, four of which are discoveries made by the company.

“We are very satisfied with the progress we have made this year on the Pinion deposit, said Jonathan Awde, CEO and director of Gold Standard. “Excellent continuity in the infill drilling should enable us to move a significant portion of the existing inferred resource to measured and indicated. Like the Dark Star deposit, Pinion is showing greater depth potential than we expected as well as the potential for further resource expansion to the east. We are confident that our upcoming Preliminary Economic Assessment will demonstrate a robust economic return in the current gold price environment.”

“In the eastern portion of Pinion, PC18-06 intersected 15.6m of 3.26 g Au/t, including 8.2m of 4.06 g Au/t,” the company reported. “The oxide intercept is open at depth, where the hole bottomed in 2.49 g Au/t at 100.0m.”

PC18-18 intersected 22.0m of 0.72 g Au/t, including 4.0m of 1.86 g Au/t. The oxide intercept is open at depth, where the hole bottomed in 0.53 g Au/t at 170.7m. “These results may positively impact the strip ratio of the current east highwall of the resource pit,” the news release stated.

“PC18-25 intersected 84.8m of 0.86 g Au/t, including 11.9m of 3.16 g Au/t,” Gold Standard noted. “The oxide intercept is thicker and higher-grade than predicted by the resource model and open at depth, where the hole bottomed in 0.87 g Au/t at 152.4m.”

In the northern portion of the Pinion drill site, PC18-07 intersected 14.9m of 2.35 g Au/t, including 6.1m of 4.51 g Au/t, and 20.1m of 1.36 g Au/t, including 7.9m of 2.70 g Au/t . These shallow oxide intercepts are higher-grade than predicted by the current resource model.

Don Harris, Gold Standard’s senior development geologist, commented, “2018 development drilling at Pinion has been completed and we are now moving forward with an updated geology and grade model. Results of the updated models will be incorporated with metallurgical testing to provide the foundation for the resource estimate in the PEA. In addition to the PEA, GSV has initiated hydrologic, pit slope, and facility geotechnical studies, and baseline permitting activity to start moving the South Railroad Project towards a viable potential mining scenario.”

[NLINSERT]

Disclosure: 1) John McPhaul compiled this article for Streetwise Reports LLC and provides services to Streetwise reports as an employee. He or members of his household own securities of the following companies mentioned in the article: None. He or members of his household are paid by the following companies mentioned in this article: None. 2) The following companies mentioned in this article are billboard sponsors of Streetwise Reports: Gold Standard Ventures. Click here for important disclosures about sponsor fees. 3) Comments and opinions expressed are those of the specific experts and not of Streetwise Reports or its officers. The information provided above is for informational purposes only and is not a recommendation to buy or sell any security. 4) The article does not constitute investment advice. Each reader is encouraged to consult with his or her individual financial professional and any action a reader takes as a result of information presented here is his or her own responsibility. By opening this page, each reader accepts and agrees to Streetwise Reports’ terms of use and full legal disclaimer. This article is not a solicitation for investment. Streetwise Reports does not render general or specific investment advice and the information on Streetwise Reports should not be considered a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Streetwise Reports does not endorse or recommend the business, products, services or securities of any company mentioned on Streetwise Reports. 5) From time to time, Streetwise Reports LLC and its directors, officers, employees or members of their families, as well as persons interviewed for articles and interviews on the site, may have a long or short position in securities mentioned. Directors, officers, employees or members of their immediate families are prohibited from making purchases and/or sales of those securities in the open market or otherwise from the time of the interview or the decision to write an article, until one week after the publication of the interview or article.

( Companies Mentioned: GSV:TSX.V; GSV:NYSE, )

from The Gold Report – Streetwise Exclusive Articles Full Text https://ift.tt/2MxCjQT

from WordPress https://ift.tt/2Mrr4cu

[goldcoins0]

Gold Miner Reports Infill Drill Results in Nevada Gold Deposit

Source: Streetwise Reports   08/22/2018

The results confirm continuity to mineralization and resource expansion potential.

Gold Standard Ventures Corp. (GSV:TSX.V; GSV:NYSE) has released results from 24 core holes at the Pinion oxide gold deposit on its 100%-owned and controlled Railroad-Pinion project in Nevada's Carlin Trend.

"Among the better intersections were 15.6m of 3.26 g Au/t, 14.9m of 2.35 g Au/t, 20.1m of 1.36 g Au/t, and 84.8m of 0.86 g Au/t in three different holes," stated the company. "These results continue to confirm lateral continuity to oxide gold mineralization and resource expansion potential on the east side of the deposit. The 2018 infill and geotechnical program included 13,111m of drilling in 127 holes. The program was designed to reduce drill spacing to approximately 30m in critical portions of the deposit and provide additional core for metallurgical and HPGR testing."

Gold Standard has reported results for 124 of the 127 holes that have been completed.

Pinion is now one of five gold deposits being advanced by Gold Standard Ventures on its Railroad-Pinion Project, including Dark Star, Jasperoid Wash, Dixie and North Bullion, four of which are discoveries made by the company.

"We are very satisfied with the progress we have made this year on the Pinion deposit, said Jonathan Awde, CEO and director of Gold Standard. "Excellent continuity in the infill drilling should enable us to move a significant portion of the existing inferred resource to measured and indicated. Like the Dark Star deposit, Pinion is showing greater depth potential than we expected as well as the potential for further resource expansion to the east. We are confident that our upcoming Preliminary Economic Assessment will demonstrate a robust economic return in the current gold price environment."

"In the eastern portion of Pinion, PC18-06 intersected 15.6m of 3.26 g Au/t, including 8.2m of 4.06 g Au/t," the company reported. "The oxide intercept is open at depth, where the hole bottomed in 2.49 g Au/t at 100.0m."

PC18-18 intersected 22.0m of 0.72 g Au/t, including 4.0m of 1.86 g Au/t. The oxide intercept is open at depth, where the hole bottomed in 0.53 g Au/t at 170.7m. "These results may positively impact the strip ratio of the current east highwall of the resource pit," the news release stated.

"PC18-25 intersected 84.8m of 0.86 g Au/t, including 11.9m of 3.16 g Au/t," Gold Standard noted. "The oxide intercept is thicker and higher-grade than predicted by the resource model and open at depth, where the hole bottomed in 0.87 g Au/t at 152.4m."

In the northern portion of the Pinion drill site, PC18-07 intersected 14.9m of 2.35 g Au/t, including 6.1m of 4.51 g Au/t, and 20.1m of 1.36 g Au/t, including 7.9m of 2.70 g Au/t . These shallow oxide intercepts are higher-grade than predicted by the current resource model.

Don Harris, Gold Standard's senior development geologist, commented, "2018 development drilling at Pinion has been completed and we are now moving forward with an updated geology and grade model. Results of the updated models will be incorporated with metallurgical testing to provide the foundation for the resource estimate in the PEA. In addition to the PEA, GSV has initiated hydrologic, pit slope, and facility geotechnical studies, and baseline permitting activity to start moving the South Railroad Project towards a viable potential mining scenario."

[NLINSERT]

Disclosure: 1) John McPhaul compiled this article for Streetwise Reports LLC and provides services to Streetwise reports as an employee. He or members of his household own securities of the following companies mentioned in the article: None. He or members of his household are paid by the following companies mentioned in this article: None. 2) The following companies mentioned in this article are billboard sponsors of Streetwise Reports: Gold Standard Ventures. Click here for important disclosures about sponsor fees. 3) Comments and opinions expressed are those of the specific experts and not of Streetwise Reports or its officers. The information provided above is for informational purposes only and is not a recommendation to buy or sell any security. 4) The article does not constitute investment advice. Each reader is encouraged to consult with his or her individual financial professional and any action a reader takes as a result of information presented here is his or her own responsibility. By opening this page, each reader accepts and agrees to Streetwise Reports' terms of use and full legal disclaimer. This article is not a solicitation for investment. Streetwise Reports does not render general or specific investment advice and the information on Streetwise Reports should not be considered a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Streetwise Reports does not endorse or recommend the business, products, services or securities of any company mentioned on Streetwise Reports. 5) From time to time, Streetwise Reports LLC and its directors, officers, employees or members of their families, as well as persons interviewed for articles and interviews on the site, may have a long or short position in securities mentioned. Directors, officers, employees or members of their immediate families are prohibited from making purchases and/or sales of those securities in the open market or otherwise from the time of the interview or the decision to write an article, until one week after the publication of the interview or article.

( Companies Mentioned: GSV:TSX.V; GSV:NYSE, )

from https://www.streetwisereports.com/article/2018/08/22/gold-miner-reports-infill-drill-results-in-nevada-gold-deposit.html

[cooldavidkentposts]

Brownfield landfill: the battle for airspace is won on the ground

Because everyone is trying to maximise the remaining capacity of existing landfills, attention is turning to opportunities to claim fresh airspace by siting new landfills on brownfield sites such as disused quarries and mines.

It makes sense to use brownfield sites for the public’s ever-increasing need for landfill. At many sites, pits already exist; however, these airspace opportunities come with risks, and it’s vital to manage these properly for development to proceed, while also protecting the health of our land and water, and the safety of workers and the public.

A brownfield site such as a mining void or quarry brings a set of geotechnical challenges that must be addressed before landfill use can be considered. Underground tunnels and shafts, remnant highwalls, stockpiles of challenging and potentially combustible materials, large volumes of water in former open pits, as well as stability, seepage and safety are just a few of the challenges that must be considered. Yet, each of these challenges can be overcome when innovative and safe designs are applied that take full account of a site’s unique geotechnical features and constraints.

Assess, address and communicate geotechnical risks

The first step in converting brownfield into airspace should be a geotechnical risk assessment that considers a site’s history and its geological and hydrogeological settings. Some initial clues about legacy risks may be collected from plans and documentation of the former site workings, but can you be certain of the accuracy of the records? While a desktop study will identify potential risks and gauge their relevance to the project, relevant issues must be investigated more thoroughly with intrusive or non-intrusive methods.

Once the risks are better understood, preliminary approaches can be designed to mitigate the risk of geotechnical failure and optimise airspace. Mitigation measures must be considered both for the design and operational stages.

During the development of the design, maintaining a risk register will track that risks are safely mitigated to the extent practical, and that the owner and operator understand the design intent, how risk mitigation has been achieved and whether residual risks remain.

Get your lining right

An emerging opportunity to get the best results from brownfield landfill is through innovation in lining systems. Choosing the most appropriate and cost-effective lining system involves balancing risk (environmental and geotechnical) against airspace. Finding the best solution depends on understanding how individual components interact with the subgrade, with each other and with the overlying waste material.

Choosing a lining system requires a clear understanding of a site’s geotechnical characteristics. It is also important to determine which lining option will deliver the best long-term performance as a barrier, for drainage, to manage seepage and the effects of groundwater, to minimise strain and to maximise stability. It is important that the desire to maximise airspace is not placed before the need for stability and safety.

Many effective lining systems are available, and the most commonly used now are composite systems that comprise a geomembrane with an underlying material of low permeability, such as compacted clay or geosynthetic clay liner. However, these landfill lining systems are not impermeable, and designers need to estimate the potential seepage to assess the risk to the surrounding environment.

Potential changes to groundwater levels (due to seasonal, regional or operational factors) must be factored into the choice of lining system as well. Changes in the groundwater table could result in significant construction delays and operational complications, as well as risk of seepage and additional leachate generation. Any development of airspace below the long-term predicted groundwater table requires very careful consideration.

Don’t analyse in isolation

Strain and stability will impact the choice of lining system as well. In former coalmines, the lining system may be placed under unacceptable strain if poorly backfilled materials subside or underground workings collapse. In the case of a former quarry or highwall with a near-vertical lining system, strain may be due to settlement of waste or the subgrade. Because the subgrade and lining system interact, their stabilities shouldn’t be analysed in isolation. Geotechnical modelling of the subgrade in conjunction with the liner system and waste loads may be necessary to decide whether the lining system or subgrade should be reinforced. Strain may be managed by introducing an intermediary material between the waste and barrier, which also needs to be appropriately analysed and designed.

In former mines and quarries, the stability of highwalls and landfill lining systems needs detailed analysis. Steep wall lining systems pose significant health and safety risks during construction and operation. Technology such as photogrammetry can be used to develop a digital terrain model to identify and measure key geotechnical features — such as faults, toppling and rock wedges — that can affect the constructability and integrity of the lining system.

In the end, the battle for airspace won’t be won out of a textbook, and it can’t be copied and pasted from a previous design. Every site is different and will raise different geotechnical risks and challenges. The best result will come from a customised approach that addresses site and local challenges, drawing on the input of a range of specialist expertise.

*Nigel Ruxton is Golder’s Waste Sector Leader in Asia–Pacific, based in Brisbane, Australia. He is responsible for the design, technical direction and management of solid waste management and civil infrastructure projects, including geosynthetic lined containment systems. Nigel was the recipient of the AGS Don Douglas Youth Fellowship Award in 2016 and a Golder Global Excellence award for Client Service and Technical Excellence in 2014. He is Vice President of the Australian Chapter of the International Geosynthetic Society and was the Conference Convenor for the 2019 Australian Landfill and Transfer Stations Conference.

source http://sustainabilitymatters.net.au/content/waste/article/brownfield-landfill-the-battle-for-airspace-is-won-on-the-ground-1435823889

from WordPress https://davidkent.home.blog/2019/10/28/brownfield-landfill-the-battle-for-airspace-is-won-on-the-ground/

[jesserwoods]

EIA Points to Role of Powder River Basin in U.S. Coal Production

SUGAR LAND--August 28, 2019--Researched by Industrial Info Resources (Sugar Land, Texas)--The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) reported on Monday the importance of the Powder River Basin in providing coal to the U.S. power market. More than 40% of coal produced in the U.S. comes from 16 mines in the Powder River Basin, which is located primarily in northeast Wyoming and southeast Montana, according to the EIA's Today in Energy report. Within this article: Brook surface highwall coal mine project in Wyoming. from RSSMix.com Mix ID 8873226 https://ift.tt/2znmF1s via http://www.rssmix.com/

[andreagillmer]

Gold Miner Reports Infill Drill Results in Nevada Gold Deposit

Source: Streetwise Reports   08/22/2018

The results confirm continuity to mineralization and resource expansion potential.

Gold Standard Ventures Corp. (GSV:TSX.V; GSV:NYSE) has released results from 24 core holes at the Pinion oxide gold deposit on its 100%-owned and controlled Railroad-Pinion project in Nevada's Carlin Trend.

"Among the better intersections were 15.6m of 3.26 g Au/t, 14.9m of 2.35 g Au/t, 20.1m of 1.36 g Au/t, and 84.8m of 0.86 g Au/t in three different holes," stated the company. "These results continue to confirm lateral continuity to oxide gold mineralization and resource expansion potential on the east side of the deposit. The 2018 infill and geotechnical program included 13,111m of drilling in 127 holes. The program was designed to reduce drill spacing to approximately 30m in critical portions of the deposit and provide additional core for metallurgical and HPGR testing."

Gold Standard has reported results for 124 of the 127 holes that have been completed.

Pinion is now one of five gold deposits being advanced by Gold Standard Ventures on its Railroad-Pinion Project, including Dark Star, Jasperoid Wash, Dixie and North Bullion, four of which are discoveries made by the company.

"We are very satisfied with the progress we have made this year on the Pinion deposit, said Jonathan Awde, CEO and director of Gold Standard. "Excellent continuity in the infill drilling should enable us to move a significant portion of the existing inferred resource to measured and indicated. Like the Dark Star deposit, Pinion is showing greater depth potential than we expected as well as the potential for further resource expansion to the east. We are confident that our upcoming Preliminary Economic Assessment will demonstrate a robust economic return in the current gold price environment."

"In the eastern portion of Pinion, PC18-06 intersected 15.6m of 3.26 g Au/t, including 8.2m of 4.06 g Au/t," the company reported. "The oxide intercept is open at depth, where the hole bottomed in 2.49 g Au/t at 100.0m."

PC18-18 intersected 22.0m of 0.72 g Au/t, including 4.0m of 1.86 g Au/t. The oxide intercept is open at depth, where the hole bottomed in 0.53 g Au/t at 170.7m. "These results may positively impact the strip ratio of the current east highwall of the resource pit," the news release stated.

"PC18-25 intersected 84.8m of 0.86 g Au/t, including 11.9m of 3.16 g Au/t," Gold Standard noted. "The oxide intercept is thicker and higher-grade than predicted by the resource model and open at depth, where the hole bottomed in 0.87 g Au/t at 152.4m."

In the northern portion of the Pinion drill site, PC18-07 intersected 14.9m of 2.35 g Au/t, including 6.1m of 4.51 g Au/t, and 20.1m of 1.36 g Au/t, including 7.9m of 2.70 g Au/t . These shallow oxide intercepts are higher-grade than predicted by the current resource model.

Don Harris, Gold Standard's senior development geologist, commented, "2018 development drilling at Pinion has been completed and we are now moving forward with an updated geology and grade model. Results of the updated models will be incorporated with metallurgical testing to provide the foundation for the resource estimate in the PEA. In addition to the PEA, GSV has initiated hydrologic, pit slope, and facility geotechnical studies, and baseline permitting activity to start moving the South Railroad Project towards a viable potential mining scenario."

[NLINSERT]

Disclosure: 1) John McPhaul compiled this article for Streetwise Reports LLC and provides services to Streetwise reports as an employee. He or members of his household own securities of the following companies mentioned in the article: None. He or members of his household are paid by the following companies mentioned in this article: None. 2) The following companies mentioned in this article are billboard sponsors of Streetwise Reports: Gold Standard Ventures. Click here for important disclosures about sponsor fees. 3) Comments and opinions expressed are those of the specific experts and not of Streetwise Reports or its officers. The information provided above is for informational purposes only and is not a recommendation to buy or sell any security. 4) The article does not constitute investment advice. Each reader is encouraged to consult with his or her individual financial professional and any action a reader takes as a result of information presented here is his or her own responsibility. By opening this page, each reader accepts and agrees to Streetwise Reports' terms of use and full legal disclaimer. This article is not a solicitation for investment. Streetwise Reports does not render general or specific investment advice and the information on Streetwise Reports should not be considered a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Streetwise Reports does not endorse or recommend the business, products, services or securities of any company mentioned on Streetwise Reports. 5) From time to time, Streetwise Reports LLC and its directors, officers, employees or members of their families, as well as persons interviewed for articles and interviews on the site, may have a long or short position in securities mentioned. Directors, officers, employees or members of their immediate families are prohibited from making purchases and/or sales of those securities in the open market or otherwise from the time of the interview or the decision to write an article, until one week after the publication of the interview or article.

( Companies Mentioned: GSV:TSX.V; GSV:NYSE, )

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