#How computer-generated diagnostics work in Renault vehicles

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The importance of computer-generated diagnostic testing for your Renault vehicle

Keeping your Renault in optimal condition has become relatively easier with the help of advanced computer-generated diagnostics. This advanced technology helps mechanics identify and fix issues with your car quickly and accurately. Your Renault has an OBD-II port, which is usually found under the dashboard. Connecting a diagnostic scanner to this port lets our mechanics read diagnostic trouble…

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Should You Buy An Electric Car Or a BS6 Car In 2020?

2020 brings a lot of latest issues. A brand new decade and new energy practice choices to call a couple. BS6 might be necessary from April 2020 and extra electrical car choices will make this an attention-grabbing 12 months for the car trade.

The two most complicated factor we as shoppers might need to take care of could be a selection between a BS6 compliant engine or an Electrically operated car. We will talk about how each of them work and the way they’ll problem one another within the Indian car market and do you have to select bs6 or electrical car.  Let’s begin with BS6.

What is BS6 (Bharat Stage 6)?

BS6 or Bharat Stage 6 is an emission norm set by the federal government which makes it so the businesses should make an engine in a method specified by the federal government which can meet sure norms permitting for cleaner emission. The gas this engine will use is a bit totally different than what you’ll usually use in a BS4 engine. Let’s get into the working of a BS6 engine.

Tata harrier bs6 engine

Read More: Tata Nexon BS6 Variant Spotted

What are the internal machinations of BS6?

The engineering behind a BS6 is partly within the engine, and largely within the equipment that include it and the gas it makes use of. With the assistance of elements like SCR (Selective Catalyst Reduction), OBD (on-Board Diagnostics) and RDE(Real Driving Emissions) the polluting issue of IC engines might be diminished tenfolds. 

What is SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction)?

SCR makes use of the fundamental rule of chemistry, something which is a complicated construction might be damaged down into easy molecules until we get what we need. This is the working rule of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). Using chemistry, it breaks dangerous pollution into innocent molecules. How innocent you ask? It makes NOx into Water. 

How SCR works?

As to how SCR converts NOx into water will want a little bit of response finding out and it’s not sophisticated. We will stroll you thru it if it’s been too lengthy because you learn reactions and wish a little bit of a refresher. Before that, we have to know the development of SCR.  

The Flow in SCR

What are the parts inside an SCR?

SCR has a chamber the place the response happens and the catalyst is current. Catalysts are chemical substances that assist in shifting a response within the route you need it to go. They additionally come out unhurt out of the response which supplies them a longer life.

This chamber has the catalyst that SCR requires which is chosen on the wants and the extent at which the automobile will normally function. Cheaper ones embody vanadium and tungsten which have decrease temperature withstanding skill. The excellent catalyst for vehicles is Zeolite Catalyst which may operate at pretty excessive temperatures and are additionally not as expensive as different alternate options. 

The catalyst is within the partitions of the chamber. The response occurs within the chamber and that’s how an SCR is constructed. Now onwards to the working.

The working response inside a Selective Catalyst Reduction chamber

4NO + 4NH3 + O2  → 4N2 + 6H2O

NO is the factor we don’t want. It is extremely poisonous to each people and the setting. This response happens within the chamber. NH3 is ammonia which is added by the SCR together with oxygen molecule. This breaks it into nitrogen molecule and water and each of these are non-polluting. 

Overall workings with a BS6 engine

As the petrol variant is just not that totally different from BS4 let’s contemplate the case of diesel BS6.  With the brand new gas, and SCR working in tandem a 70% much less emission is the outcome, it’s effectively value each penny additional in comparison with BS4.

But how would you understand if it’s working ideally or not, as a result of in real-life circumstances the catalyst will begin to wear down and lose its effectivity? That’s why we’ve On-Board Diagnostics.

Popular Read: BS6 Compliant Toyota Yaris Launch Soon

What is OBD (On-board diagnostics)?

An automotive time period, in primary phrases it’s simply a device that helps technicians to collect information wanted to verify the right working of the car. So how does it assist with emission? 

How does OBD work?

It screens the emission ranges leaving the exhaust which helps the ECU give out an error in your infotainment system if it’s not within the excellent spot the place it must be functioning. The different possibility is when a technician connects to it by way of an output which is contained in the hood and is simply accessible to computer systems that they use, it informs them how the car exhaust system is working and the place the error may lie.

Handheld OBD scanner

Why do you want of an On-Board Diagnostic?

As a client, it helps as a dangerous emission output may imply the engine is in jeopardy as a result of there’s some downside with the exhaust system. This helps each the individual guaranteeing they’ll experience the car for longer and the setting by releasing much less poisonous pollution.

Overall working with BS6

OBD informs when the exhaust system is beginning to fail or has already stopped working in the best way we’d like it to. This ensures that we don’t drive with a defective exhaust system for lengthy because it may end up in main harm to the engine.

Now that these two matters are lined, we have to look into how the businesses know the quantity of emission the car generate throughout real-life driving circumstances. Coincidentally, the subject we’re left inside BS6 is Real Driving Emissions (RDE).

Another Similar Read: BS6 Cars Might Get Expensive In 2020!

What does Real Driving Emissions do?

Real Drive Emissions exams a car for pollution resembling Nox. It helps car producers know if the car they made is as much as the norms set by the respective nation’s authorities or not.

A flowchart explaining how RDE works

Working of a Real Driving Emission take a look at

It entails utilizing a package known as Portable Emission Measuring System (PEMS). A PEMS is hooked up to the exhaust system of a car then it’s pushed on the street below circumstances it is going to undergo usually, not in a lab or a proving floor the place these circumstances are too good to be true for on a regular basis use. The PEMS is then hooked up to a pc the place it analyses the information and offers the suitable outcome.

Overall working with BS6

On the buyer finish, it does nothing, however earlier than the launch of a car, it ensures they’ll meet the emission norms and performance appropriately.

With all these adjustments to gas and new elements concerned, how does it fare towards the older emission norm?

What is the distinction between BS6 and BS4?

As lined earlier the petrol emission is just not that totally different however the distinction between BS6 and BS4 diesel is heaven and hell aside. It begins with gas. Adblue is utilized in BS6 which accommodates 10ppm sulphur as an alternative of 50 ppm in BS4 which when paired with SCR, RDE and OBD cut back the general emission of NOx to 30% of what BS4 used to work with.

BS6 compliant engines appear to be actually good for the setting as they cut back air pollution by a marginal issue however an electrical car gives extra possibility and releases zero emissions.

Electric vehicles | What’s all of the fuss about?

Electric cars are a godsend. With the federal government signalling that they need extra EV and developments exhibiting that individuals are beginning to want them too, they’ll see extra mild of day in 2020 with extra firms switching to electrical alternate options for his or her flagships and bestsellers, EV will solely rise from this 12 months ahead.  So, how does it work and why do you have to contemplate it over BS6.

Sony’s Ev idea

How does an electrical car works?

With a battery powering an induction motor and an inverter managing totally different frequency of AC present it’s not powerful to know its working. Let’s take a have a look at the person a part of an EV and the way they work collectively to energy the way forward for the car trade. 

What are the parts of an electrical car?

Compared to an IC engine, electrical vehicles have a lot much less quantity of shifting elements. Fewer elements imply much less weight and fewer weight means higher effectivity. 

An EV’s drivetrain consists of an induction motor, a generator, a battery pack. 

Read More: The Renault Zoe is the New EV in Town!

How does an Induction motor begin?

An induction motor works utilizing a easy legislation. Faraday’s legislation. It states that the motion of the magnetic subject creates a present in a route perpendicular to the magnetic circulate. Where do the magnetic fields come from although?

Induction Motor

They come from a three section AC present equipped to the motor coils. When this present reaches the coil and begins alternating they generate a rotating magnetic subject, which in flip generate induced present which rotates the output shaft thus producing torque for the car. It’s so simple as that. 

Some benefits about an induction motor are that the pace of rotation relies upon upon the depth of present equipped which permits us to simply manipulate the pace of the car. It additionally has no brushes which guarantee low friction and lengthy motor life. Where does the present come from? The Battery pack in fact! 

Battery pack, The powerhouse of the car!

The battery pack is one thing of a marvel, a small that nobody thought to do till somebody did. It makes use of AA batteries, sure AA the one you employ in your wall clock or your child’s toys, these ones. One of the businesses that do that is Tesla. As its extra attention-grabbing let’s speak about it. It makes use of AA batteries that they made themselves in a sequence and parallel mixture to get a actually excessive output. As they want cooling, it’s offered within the type of Glycol coolant. The battery pack is organized in such a method that it permits for even warmth distribution and cooling. 

A Tesla battery pack

This battery pack generates DC energy which doesn’t enable Faraday’s legislation to work. So what occurs now? The inverter joins the fray!

Inverter; the mind of an electrical car

The inverter has two jobs, convert DC into AC and management the output offered thus controlling induction motor output successfully making it the mind (or coronary heart whichever you like) of an EV.

An EV invertor

Did somebody say extra options?

With some applied sciences, the EV will get even higher. Things like quicker response time to manage traction so your tires don’t slip and regenerative braking system, EV tries to make sure you have a easy and protected experience. Let’s see how Regenerative braking system and helps EV be extra environment friendly. 

Consider Reading This: Why Scrap Your Old Car? Convert it to Electric, Here’s How!

Regenerative braking system | Simple but Effective 

Law of conservation of power states that once you can’t destroy power and it solely adjustments types. once you transfer you get kinetic power and once you cease that power will get expended into some type of different power. In the case of vehicles its warmth and a little bit of sound. In EV although it’s within the type of electrical energy getting again into your battery. How does that occur?

Flowchart for a regenerative braking system

When you brake, the induction motor turns into a generator. This occurs as a result of the pace of the rotor is greater than the pace of the magnetic subject thus making it rotate in the other way. This generates a present in the other way which is then transferred to the battery pack successfully charging it.

I do know what you’re considering, this man is totally biased in the direction of EV and within the selection between bs6 or an electrical car he desires us to decide on EV. Let me present you why I obsess over EV and wish you to contemplate shopping for it.

BS6 or Electric car | An EV motor

How is an Electric Car higher than an Internal Combustion Engine?

The largest factor Ev has over IC engines is that there isn’t any emission. It actually generates zero carbon and different pollution that Ic generates.

The second level is energy era. IC engine generates a translatory movement i.e linear movement. This must be transformed into rotation movement. As a rule of thumb, the extra elements concerned the extra losses will happen. This is just not the case with an EV motor. The output is rotatory, to start with, and thus wants no additional elements to alter the movement route. 

And the third level is IC engines are restricted within the vary of energy. They cant generate a extensive number of energy ranges. Induction motor doesn’t want to fret about that. It can generate power in a extensive spectrum with none limitations.

EV can’t be all that good proper? There should be some downsides. 

BS6 or Electric car | A V6 engine

Why is an Internal Combustion Engine higher than an Electric Car?

IC is extra handy. The refuelling time is minimal and gas pumps are available.

IC can also be cheaper in comparison with EV with the identical applied sciences as it’s cheaper to make an engine than an EV motor system.

IC has extra different with hundreds of vehicles to select from whereas EV continues to be within the making and simply beginning to get extra variants.

Should I purchase a BS6 car or an electrical car in 2020?

If its comfort, cheaper choices and extra alternate options you need then BS6, with available gas stations and much less expensive in comparison with EV, it’s a sensible choice proper now. It may change sooner or later when EV takes the centre stage and cheaper applied sciences are launched. Although I’m positive that even when EV develop into the bulk BS6 nonetheless gained’t be affected however if you wish to put together for the longer term, you must contemplate getting an EV, its extra easy, extra environment friendly, smarter and environment-friendly. 

As to what I’d advocate, EV all the best way! EVolution is coming be sure you are a a part of it!

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Hackers have their eyes on keyless cars

These are the most common ways a cybercriminal can compromise a connected car

Opening a car without needing to use a key may seem very convenient, but experts in digital forensics believe that it may not be a completely safe feature. There are more and more of these cars in circulation, which has also provoked the growth of an unusual practice, the key fob hacking. With the help of very economical and easy-to-find technology and electronic accessories, the signal from these key fobs can be intercepted or blocked relatively easily. Just imagine, a thief opens your car and takes it without firing any alarms, a truly alarming scenario.

According to FBI reports, car theft cases have entered a downward spiral since 1991, when they showed their highest peaks. However, these figures have been moving slowly, but steadily, since 2015. In fact, there was an increase of 3.8% in car theft cases in 2015, an increase of 7.4% in 2016 and another increase of 4.1% just in the first half of 2017.

To fight this upward trend and prevent your car from becoming a more statistic in car theft, awareness on this issue is a fundamental element.

So, to be better prepared against this new criminal wave, digital forensics experts from the International Institute of Cyber Security report on the main methods for hacking the system of a keyless car:

The relay

Keeping your key fob on always represents a serious threat for your car’s safety. As long as the keys are within range of the signal, anyone can open the car and the system will think it is the owner. That’s why newer car models will not unlock until the key fob is one foot away at least.

However, criminals can get relatively cheap relay boxes that capture key fob signals up to 300 feet away and then transmit them to the victim’s car.

This is how it works: A thief gets up close to your car with the relay box, while an accomplice scans your home with another device as well. When the key fob signal is captured, it is transmitted to the relay box closest to your car, so the vehicle will open. In other words, your keys could be in your house and the criminals could walk to your car and open it. This is not just a hypothesis, since multiple cases have already been presented.

According to German Automotive Club, the car models most vulnerable to this attack are:

Audi: A3, A4, A6

BMW: 730d

Citroen: DS4 CrossBack

Ford: Galaxy, Eco-Sport

Honda: HR-V

Hyundai: Santa Fe CRDi

Kia: Optima

Lexus: RX 450h

Mazda: CX-5

Mini: Clubman

Mitsubishi: Outlander

Nissan: Qashqai, Leaf

Vauxhall: Ampera

Range Rover: Evoque

Renault: Traffic

Ssangyong: Tivoli XDi

Subaru: Levorg

Toyota: Rav4

Volkswagen: Golf GTD, Touran 5T

Remote interference

In this scenario, criminals will block your signal, so when you issue a lock command from your key fob, it will not reach your car and the doors will remain unlocked, so the thieves have free access to your car.

Security advice: To prevent this from happening, always check your car’s doors manually before moving away. You can also install a steer lock to prevent car thieves from driving the vehicle, even if they already got in.

Tire pressure sensor hijacking

This is a recent technique, but it has already been put into action: criminals hijack their tire sensors to send false readings on tire pressure. What do they look for? This way they can force the driver to stop their car, thus generating the conditions to attack them. It sounds a little crazy, but this scheme is being put into practice.

Security advice: If you need to check your tires, always stop in a public, well-lightened, crowded area, preferably at a service station or in a workshop where you can ask for help.

Telematic Exploit

One of the most recent words related to these cars is something called telematics. What is telematics? It is a connected system that can remotely monitor the behavior of your vehicle. These data may include your car’s location, speed, mileage, tire pressure, fuel usage, braking, engine and battery status, driver behavior, and more.

But everything that is connected to the Internet is vulnerable and exploitable, telematics is no exception. If hackers manage to intercept your connection, they can track your vehicle and even remotely control it, a frightening possibility.

Security advice: Before purchasing a car with a built-in telematic system, consult an information security and digital forensics expert about the cybersecurity measures required by a car connected to the Internet. If your car has this system, make sure the software is always updated.

Network attacks

In addition to the possibility of compromising a car through telematics, hackers can also generate denial-of-service conditions to attack your car and potentially collapse critical functions such as airbags, manual brakes and door locks. Since some connected cars even have built-in WiFi features, this attack is completely feasible. Just like conventional WiFi networks, they can even steal your personal data if they manage to infiltrate your car’s local network.

Besides, it’s a matter of physical security. Remember, modern cars are handled basically by multiple computers and engine control modules (ECM) and if a hacker manages to shut down these systems, your physical integrity would be in serious danger.

Security advice: It is strictly mandatory to change your car’s WiFi network password in a regular basis.

On-board diagnostic Hack (OBD)

Did you know that virtually all cars have a diagnostic port on board? Commonly known as OBD, this is an interface that allows mechanics to access your car’s data to read error codes, statistics and even program new keys. It turns out that anyone can buy exploit kits that use this port to replicate keys and program new ones to use in the theft of other vehicles. That’s something no one will want to experience for themselves.

Security advice: Always go with a reliable mechanic. In addition, manually locking the steering wheel always helps.

Phishing in the car

This old-school attack is also opening its way to attacking cars connected to the Internet, specifically the models with integrated browser.

That’s right; hackers use the classic phishing scheme to send emails and messages with malicious links and attached files that can install malware on your car’s system. As usual, once the malware is installed, anything could happen. Even worse, car systems do not have built-in malware protections, so it can be difficult to detect.

Security advice: Always keep the best practices in computer security, even in your car. Never open emails or suspicious messages, or follow links from unknown sources.

What about car insurance?

Unfortunately, the increase in car theft not only raises the risk for your keyless car, but it can also raise insurance rates.

If you have a keyless car, check your car’s safety and see if it is covered against such incidents. Since these crimes are relatively new, there may be some confusion as to who should be held responsible for one of these crimes; will it be the driver, manufacturer or developer of the car software?

According to a specialized firm, most car insurance policies have already solved this scenario:

Drivers have an insurance policy that covers manual and self-driving modes

If the driver of a self-driving vehicle inflicts injury or damages to a third party, this third party may claim the driver’s car insurance no matter what driving mode the car was in when the accident occurred.

Here is the part that covers car theft due to key fob hacking and wireless devices. Apparently, drivers will not be responsible for flaws and vulnerabilities in their car systems and may file a claim if they are injured or have suffered losses due to such errors

In reference to the theft and hacking of cars using the relay box, the firm said that insurance companies will pay while the owner has taken reasonable measures to protect their vehicle. However, if your particular car model is a common theft target, insurance companies could charge higher premiums.

To stop relay attacks

It is important to have the best possible protection against these new car crimes.

There are some very easy ways to block key fob attacks. You can purchase a signal lock bag that to store the key fob, such as a shielded RFID lock bag, as reported by experts in digital forensics.

The refrigerator could work

If you don’t want to spend money, you can put your key fob in the refrigerator or freezer. The multiple layers of metal block the signal from your key fob. Just consult with the manufacturer of the device to ensure that the low temperatures do not damage your key fob.

Even the microwave is a good choice

If you do not want to freeze your key fob, digital forensics experts recommend storing it in the microwave oven (just remember not to turn it on). Keep your key fob in the microwave and criminals will not be able to catch its signal.

Wrap your key fob in foil

Since the metal blocks the signal from your key fob, you can also wrap it in foil. While that is the easiest solution, it could also be inadequate if it is not done well. Also, you may have to buy rolls and rolls of paper. You can also make a box lined with aluminum foil to store your keys, if you are in the mood to do crafts.