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holidaywishes · 4 years ago

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a bit of stress relief

Requested: 👍

Summary/Request: Can you PLEASE write about Freddie coming to your work and having a quickie in your office

Warning: smut, fluff, whiny Freddie

Author’s Note: REQUESTS ARE CLOSED for a bit. I do have one more in my inbox right now so I’ll add it to my drafts but after I write that I won’t be taking requests for... a while. Maybe a month? I have a few series I want to finish up before I start having requests piling up. I always love seeing my inbox full of requests for different types of fics, so this isn’t forever, just until I’m able to finish my Gally series for sure and possibly my 9-1-1 series. This request was fun and I just couldn’t say no lol. Thanks in advance for your understanding and I hope I’ll be able to get back to requests sooner than later but I’ll keep y’all updated! Stay Golden, loves! <3

masterlist

the other masterlist

Your boss asked you to go into the office on a Saturday to finish an assignment that she had forgotten to mention earlier in the week. You would’ve argued that you had plans but your boss said it was for a presentation the next morning that they needed the information for

“I’m sorry, Freddie,” you whined to your boyfriend as he tried to convince you to stay at his apartment, “believe me, I’d much rather be here but I’m not about to get fired...”

“It’s not your assignment, it’s hers,” he argued, “she made the mistake. Why do you have to do it for her?”

“It’s my job” you admitted

“Except when it’s not...” he groaned

“Freddie,” you sighed, “I won’t be long I promise. I just need to go in and print up some stuff and make a couple calls. Nothing major...”

“So why can’t your boss do it?” he challenged, “it’s her mistake, so.. she should be responsible for fixing it”

“I know,” you repeated, wrapping your arms around his neck before kissing his cheek, “but I can’t lose this job. I have loans to pay off”

“You know I can help with that”

“No,” you scoffed, “no you absolutely cannot. I don’t want to feel like I owe you anything. That’s not the relationship we have... I’m not your sugar baby”

“But you could be”

“But I don’t wanna be”

“Alright...” he laughed, kissing your nose playfully

“I’ll call you when I’m finished okay. I give it one, two hours tops”

“If you’re not finished in two hours, I’m coming down there and taking you home” he teased

“Okay,” you scoffed, “I’ll see you later.” You got to the office and rushed into your boss’s office to find the information you needed to work on. The office was empty, as it should’ve been, but when you heard the door open and close, you popped your out of the door to see who was there, “Hello?” you called

“(Y/N)?” your co-worker asked

“Mason? What are you doing here?” you returned, noticing now that a bunch of your co-workers were walking in

“We could ask you the same thing” he chuckled

“Laura forgot to do stuff for the presentation tomorrow, so she asked me to come in and do it”

“For the conference?”

“Yup”

“Yeah,” he replied, “our team is having the same issue. Except they’re saying they ‘lost it’ or that it ‘must have gotten deleted somehow’ so now we have to be here all day trying to fix this”

“Why are any of this people in charge again?” you asked

“Maybe they slept their way to the top” he joked before waving you goodbye and heading to his station. You started at this company as an intern, mostly handing out mail and grabbing coffee for everyone, but they kept you around because you had a good eye for graphic design which was important in a marketing firm. However, your boss, Laura, had replaced Debra, the former Head of Marketing, a month before you were hired to be her assistant and she really wasn’t all that fond of you. She claimed that your degree should be in Business or Marketing not Graphic Design and that you’d only ever be an assistant in this industry so ‘don’t hope for more than that.’ You didn’t think too much of her comments though, at the end of the day, you had a job to you and you were going to do it well; even if it meant coming in on the weekend to do her forgotten assignments. When you finally found Laura’s papers, you groaned audibly, realizing this wasn’t going to be quick work

“Hey!” Freddie greeted you from the other end of the line when you called him to let him know what was happening

“Hey...” you sighed

“What?” he groaned, “what’s going on?”

“It looks like I’m gonna be here for a while. Laura underplayed how much work there was for me to do...”

“You can’t really be doing this?” he whined

“Babe, I have to. I told you, it’s my job. But,” you added, hoping it would make him feel better, “it’s not just me! Apparently, all the senior staff forgot to do these super important assignments for the conference. So, a bunch of us are here working until we finish them”

“You need to quit this job,” he grumbled, “clearly no one is good at what they were hired to do”

“I can’t quit unless I have something lined up,” you argued, “babe, I’m sorry. I know I promised that we’d lay in bed all weekend because this was the first time that you had free time but I have to do this. I promise, I’ll work as fast as I can but the longer I’m on the phone, the longer I’m at the office. So, I gotta go. I love you and I’ll see you as soon as I’m done okay?”

“Call me and I’ll pick you up,” he replied, “you shouldn’t have to take an Uber back here...”

“Okay,” you smiled, “that would be nice. Talk soon. Love you”

“Love you, too” he said before you ended the call. You took a deep breath and started getting to work. Organizing timelines and trying to understand doctors-note-handwriting from past meetings

“How can she possibly expect me to be able to understand this?” you thought to yourself. You signed onto her computer and were immediately left in shock at the jumbled mess of her desktop, “holy fuck!” you exclaimed silently, it’s no wonder she gets nothing done, “she’s the most unorganized person I’ve ever seen!” You spent the next 20 minutes opening files to find what you were looking for, closing what was not it immediately so you could legally say you didn’t see anything, and then you had to spend the next half an hour printing documents and running back and forth between Laura’s office and the copy room

“How’s it goin’?” Rob, one of the other team members who was forced to come in and work on a Saturday, asked when he noticed you rushing throughout the room

“Oh, you know, I’m sure I’ll have a panic attack in the next, oh, twenty or so minutes” you replied, sighing as you walked back to the printer one last time. You had managed to get most of the paper work done but you still had to make a few phone calls to get estimates on some of the ad spaces needed and whether or not there could be a discount involved for the company

“Hey!” Freddie said gleefully, walking into your boss’ office like he owned the place

“Freddie,” you gasped, a slight sneer on your tone, “what are you doing here?”

“I came to see you...” he replied, furrowing his brow at your response, “when you said you were gonna be longer than you thought, I thought I’d come down and surprise you. Maybe take the stress off a little?”

“That’s sweet, babe,” you smiled, noticing the look in his eyes and realizing what he was really there for, “but I have to make some calls so I can’t... do that”

“We can make it work” he teased, biting his bottom lip quickly before pulling you close to him

“Fred...” you whined, kissing him once before pushing him away from you and walking back to Laura’s desk, “I really do have to work. You can sit if you want but that’s it...” he slumped onto the plush couch against the window and frowned before scrolling through his phone as you started to call the businesses on your list. After about 10 minutes, you noticed Freddie peering up from his phone to look over at you, as if he was trying to get you to hang up the phone just from a look, choosing to walk over to you when you didn’t. “Yes, that’s right. I know you’ve been with us for quite some time and our relationship has helped both our businesses grow,” you spoke as Freddie swiveled you and your chair out from the desk, “we want that relationship to keep growing” you continued before noticing the smirk on Freddie’s face as he hovered over you, kissing your neck as you tried to pay attention to the call. “Mhmm,” you said to the person on the other end of the phone, distracted by Freddie’s lips pressing against the sensitive skin on your neck, his hot breath cascading down your neck, “mhm, sure. I understand” you said again, trying not to let on what was happening. “Laura is so sorry she couldn’t make this call to you herself,” you lied, Freddie kissing his way down to your core, pulling off your leggings quickly and kissing your inner thighs as you spoke, “however, she is excited to showcase your work to those at our conference tomorrow. We all just wanted to make sure the numbers were 100% accurate...” you had to bite your lip and move the receiver end of the phone from your mouth in case any sound escaped when you felt Freddie’s tongue finally press against your clit. “Oh that’s great!” you exclaimed when the partner on the phone added a discount to the quote you’d already been given, claiming that, had he known other businesses would be hearing of his services earlier, he would’ve offered it sooner. “Thank you so much,” you smiled, Freddie’s hands pulling your body closer to his him as his mouth brought you closer and closer to your orgasm, “I or Laura will let you know how everything goes. Thank you again” you said quickly before hanging up the phone. “Fuck,” you cursed breathlessly, “oh my god, Freddie!” your back was forced to arch, as you were pretty much falling out of your seat as Freddie continued to stimulate your clit, only now moving his finger to caress your folds before slowly inserted it inside of you and pumping until you whimpered, tugging at his hair. “Freddie,” you squeaked, trying not to be heard from outside the office, “fuck” you repeated quietly, your grip loosening from his hair as his ministrations slowed and your breathing steadied.

“How’s your stress now?” he smirked, wiping his mouth casually before standing up in front of you once more

“You can’t do that” you said, small pants escaping your lips, making Freddie believe you less than you intended

“I think I can” he teased

“I was on a business call, Fred!” you exclaimed, pulling your leggings back up, “what if they heard something?”

“They would only hear something if you let them” he countered and, ultimately, you knew he was right but you still shook your head

“You can’t do that” you repeated and he scoffed, hovering over you once more to taunt you with a kiss but stopped right in front of your lips

“We’ll see about that...” he smirked, taking his hands away from the chair and walking back to sit on the couch

“What’s goin’ on with you?” you asked

“I just want to be with you,” he whined, giving you puppy dog eyes and earning a scoff from you, “that’s what we were supposed to be doing anyway...”

“I told you we would when I got home...” you said

“Come here,” he said, patting his thigh, “come sit on my lap” you chuckled but obliged. You wrapped your arms around his neck after sitting on his thigh, playing with his hair and kissing his nose before he spoke again, “see, isn’t this better than making a few phone calls?” he asked, his hand beginning to rub your back lightly

“You know I would rather be doing this, or more than this, with you,” you admitted, leaning in and kissing him softly, letting your lips linger a moment before you pulled back, “but I have to do this stuff...”

“Just a quickie...” he whispered, “and then I’ll go. Then we can pick up at home”

“This is my boss’s office” you whined

“All the more reason to do it. We’re in a private spot, secluded from everyone else, it’s perfect” he replied, kissing your jaw before moving down to your neck and you let your head fall back to give him more room

“Mmmm,” you hummed, melting into his kiss, “I can’t”

“(Y/N)...“ he groaned

“Just a few more calls,” you argued, “I don’t have a lot left. Just like, five, maybe six”

“That’s a lot. How long are each of those calls? 10 minutes? 20?” he asked, “we could do a lot with that time...”

“Stop,” you smiled, standing up from his lap and walking back to the desk chair, “just a few more calls...” you repeated. He slunk into the couch and angrily unlocked his phone while you picked up Laura’s phone and began dialing. You were able to make three calls before Freddie began sighing loudly across the room and you had to glare at him, which is when the texts started

“I want you” he sent as you spoke to another advertising partner on the phone

“Like now” another came through

“I’m gonna come over there”

“And make you cum again” you glared up at him and he smiled

“And again” you shook your head, turning off your sound so the partner didn’t hear the constant dinging

“And again”

“Until you can’t cum anymore” you noticed him smile as he thought up more responses and you threw a pencil at him, still paying attention to the conversation on the phone before mouthing ‘stop’ to Freddie but he just shook his head with a teasing smile

“You won’t be able to walk”

“Your legs will be numb”

“Your chest will be heaving because you can’t catch your breath”

“You’re gonna crave my dick”

“Every time you move”

“You’ll have to physically stop yourself from jumping me in public”

“Because you’re still feeling me inside you” your eyes went wide as you read his messages, heat flooding your face as you ended the call, forcing yourself to dial another number before Freddie could get the upper hand. He slowly made his way to the desk once more and you gulped as you swallowed the saliva that had filled your mouth, Freddie hung up the phone before it ever even really began to ring

“Seriously, don’t...” you whispered, knowing that you were about to break from whatever move he made next

“But I want to” he growled, grazing your nose with his and you started to give in when he walked toward the door, “crap” you thought to yourself when you thought he was about to leave but he was only locking the door

“What the fuck?!” you exclaimed, “that was unlocked this whole time?!”

“Yeah?” he chuckled

“Freddie! What would have happened if someone walked in earlier?”

“They would’ve gotten a great show” he replied, walking over to you, leaning over you but not doing anything. You took a deep breath before running your hands up his arms, tangling your fingers in his hair before bringing him down to kiss you

“We have to be quick...” you whispered, earning a grin from Freddie before he pulled your leggings off and directed your thighs around his waist so he could pick you up to carry you to the couch. You laughed when he sat down and you fell into him clumsily, “quiet” you shushed him before kissing him slowly and trailing your hands down to his waistband, pushing his pants down just enough to free his erection while his hands lifted your shirt up, stopping to massage your breasts. You heard a laugh outside of the office and stopped what you were doing, “wait,” you whispered, “I think someone’s there” he didn’t listen, kissing your neck and lining himself up with your entrance before bucking his hips to yours; your nails digging into his shoulders to stop yourself from making any sound. His hands gripped your hips as he thrust into you, bringing your attention back to him while your lips found each other in a clumsy rush to muffle the sounds of each other’s moans

“Fuck,” Freddie moaned first, “fuck” you were about to reciprocate his sentiment when the phone rang and your head jerked back in panic

“Shit” you sighed, worry mixing with pleasure as Freddie continued to grip your hips tightly

“Ignore it” he said, kissing your peaked nipple over your shirt before moving a hand to your core, but your head still stayed looking at the ringing phone

“What if it’s her?” you whined, referring to your boss

“Ignore it” he repeated

“What if it’s one of the partners or the vendors? What if it’s one of the really important clients?” you asked, knowing he wouldn’t give any helpful advice other than

“Ignore it” he said once more, pulling your face back to his before kissing you harshly. The phone stopped ringing and you felt a faint sense of peace course through you as you softened the kiss that Freddie had started, your tongue begging for his lips to part, a muffled moan intertwining with his warm breath as it brushed over your exposed neck. Your tongue danced with his for a while as his fingers circled your clit, pressing down on the sensitive flesh every so often

“Fuck” you breathed finally, now beginning to ride him faster, feeling his thighs flex underneath you as he welcomed the sensation of you crashing onto him. “Fuck,” you repeated, “shit, oh my god. Fuck Freddie” you felt your climax build as his lips met your neck, his finger still working on your clit while you rode him harder; the loud ringing of the phone the only thing that brought you back to where you were. “Ugh” you groaned

“Leave it” he groaned back

“Fuck” you sighed, reluctantly ignoring the phone to continue fucking your incredibly broad shoulder boyfriend

“That’s my girl” he smirked, watching you bounce up and down his length

“Fuck, Freddie, I’m gonna cum” you panted, your hands clutching his shirt as your hips began to shake. “Sh-i-it, god fuck! Freddie” you moaned, still trying to be as quiet as possible but knowing that everyone in the office was probably putting on noise cancelling headphones just to try to escape the sounds they were undoubtedly hearing.

“Almost there, baby” Freddie breathed, clutching onto your waist to assist your movements. Fuck, his hands fit so perfectly on your body, you really hated that this had to end so quickly, but that’s what he came here for. “Fuck, I’m gonna cum in you”

“Fuck” you breathed, dropping your head onto his shoulder, your body taking over until you and Freddie met your release. Like clockwork, the annoying ringing of the phone appeared and you had to scoff at Freddie while you quickly got dressed

“That was fun,” he smiled, “you sure you don’t wanna go round two?”

“Hello” you greeted, picking up the phone to continue the work you had come to do, “I am so sorry about that. I’m not sure what was happening with the line…”

“So we’ll continue this at my place then?” Freddie teased before and you nodded with wink before shooing him away but not before he kissed you goodbye. You were dreading the walk out of the office if Mason and his team hadn’t left yet but you knew it had to happen sooner or later

“So, should we hire a clean up crew before your boss gets back?” one of the guys teased

“Shut up” you said, hoping your embarrassment didn’t show too clearly

“You do know we put on our headphones as soon as we saw him,” Mason admitted, “we knew there’s no way that he was gonna just show up to say hi”

“He could’ve,” you tried, exhaling when you realized you were never going to fool any of them, “fine. Just, please, don’t rat me out. I just pulled together a miracle in that office and I don’t need Laura finding out about my office sex-capades — I don’t want that to be the reason she fires me. I’m not that girl…”

“We know” another co-worker smirked

“Don’t worry, your secret is safe with us,” Mason assured, “it’s a don’t-ask-don’t-tell policy as far as we’re concerned” you gave him an appreciative smile before heading out to meet Freddie in the parking garage

“Hey” he smiled as you sat in the front seat

“Hi” you replied, leaning over to peck his lips

“Did you get your work done?” he teased

“Yeah,” you chuckled, “it was a miracle but I got it done” he took your hand and brought it to his lips to press a kiss to it

“No more quickies,” he whined, holding your hand for the remainder of the ride, until he needed it for one reason or another, “I need more than that”

“I agree,” you smirked, “now, let’s go home so you can fuck me until I can’t walk

“Yes ma’am.”

#Freddie Andersen #Frederik Andersen #Frederik Andersen fic #Frederik Andersen imagine #Freddie Andersen fic #Freddie Andersen imagine #Freddie Andersen request #Freddie Andersen smut #Frederik Andersen smut #Frederik Andersen request #nhl #hockey #hockey fic #tml #hockey request #masterlist #the other masterlist

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hunterslim119 · 4 years ago

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Epson Xp 7100 Driver For Mac

Windows XP/Vista/7 Server 2003/2008 32-bit PostScript printer driver files for the Phaser 7100. Released: Size: 233.47 KB. Well, Epson XP-7100 software program and also driver play an crucial function in terms of operating the gadget. With Software for Epson XP-7100 set up on the windows or mac computer system, customers have complete access and also the option for using Epson XP-7100 attributes.

Expression Premium XP-7100. Epson Remote Print Driver and Epson scan-to-cloud require an intemet connection. Mac OS X 10.6.8 or later, Windows 10, Windows 7. Epson XP-15000 Driver, App, Scanner Software Download, Wireless Setup, Printer Install, Instructions Manual, Owners Guide, Troubleshooting for Windows 10, Mac, Linux – Epson XP-15000 Driver is the software that knows the specification and converts the Operating System instructions gives to.

Epson XP-7100 Driver, App, Scanner Software Download, Wireless Setup, Printer Install, Instructions Manual, Owners Guide, Troubleshooting for Windows 10, Mac, Linux – Epson XP-7100 Driver is the software that knows the specification and converts the Operating System instructions gives to the hardware commands. It is the most pivotal component in a computer that is responsible for creating a conjunction between the OS and the hardware components or the software programs. Do you now realize such an important role the driver software plays?

Therefore, the Epson XP-7100 driver update is essential for a smoother running of your printer, which needs to be installed on your laptop or PC to carry out your commands and adequately execute them. Then, You can explore and exploit all the features of your device. That’s why we are here to provide full support for your printer or scanner. On this page, We offer Epson XP-7100 Driver, scanner software, user manual, troubleshooting guide, and printer install by suitable wireless setup instructions. You can get it all for free with a single click on the download link below.

Taking the printer out of the box, I noticed that it was attractive and elegant, but some parts (for example, the drawers) were fragile. It’s not as strong as previous printers when it comes to the quality of the paper loading drawers and the folding scan bed. I removed all of the blue tapes that secured the printer in the package and followed the instructions on how to put the cartridges in the printer. There are five cartridges in total (cyan, magenta, yellow, photo black, and healthy black). The regular black cartridge is twice the size of the color cartridges, which is good since I usually print all my documents in black and white.

The printer also has a CD drawer for printing directly to a CD, a drawer for writing on photo paper, and a third drawer for plain paper. In a home environment, it would be nice, but this printer would not last in an office environment. The printer also has SD card slots for easy access to your camera photos. It took me 10-15 minutes to follow the onscreen instructions for setup. I was able to quickly install the printer on my network, allowing everyone in my house to print from smartphones. We had no problems with printing from Windows and Mac platforms.

Read also: Epson XP-100 Software, Setup, Owners Manual PDF, App Download, Driver Install

I had problems printing from some applications like coupons.com, but I hope to fix this soon (I had issues with this application from other printers). Scanning was simply using the printer button or the printer tab. The automatic feeder works very well, as does duplex printing. Print speed is good, not the fastest but adequate. While I haven’t replaced the ink yet, a quick internet search shows that replacement cartridges cost around $ 48 for the standard capacity multi-pack (as of 12/2018). The only real downside for me was the glossy finish as it’s a fingerprint and dust magnet. Overall, it’s easy to use and super compact with features found in high-end printers.

Compatibility of Epson XP-7100 Driver

Epson XP-7100 Driver is compatible with Windows 10 (64-bit / 32-bit), Windows 8.1 (64-bit / 32-bit), Windows 8 (64-bit / 32-bit), Windows 7 (64-bit / 32-bit), macOS 11.0 Big Sur, macOS 10.15 Catalina, macOS 10.14 Mojave, macOS 10.13 High Sierra, macOS 10.12 Sierra, OS X 10.11 El Capitan, OS X 10.10 Yosemite, Linux (64-bit), Linux (32-bit).

Epson XP-7100 Driver Install and Setup Instructions

Download the required file in the download section.

Double-click the .exe, .dmg or .pkg file that downloaded.

Follow the Epson XP-7100 installation instructions or refer to the Epson XP-7100 User Manual.

The driver installation is not complete yet. Updating your printer and scanner software is also critical. Official device manufacturers mainly release the software and drivers. They keep updating them to ensure better compatibility with different operating systems and improve the performance of your printer or scanner. Sometimes the manufacturer updates the printer driver on average 3-4 times a year. By installing the Epson XP-7100 driver update, you will generally get better performance and new features on your devices.

Epson XP-7100 Wireless Setup

After installing the Epson XP-7100 Driver, maybe you want to connect it to your wifi router. Not all Epson printers have wireless performance, so make sure your printer can link to the Web before continuing. This Epson XP-7100 Wifi setup tutorial reveals how to connect Epson XP-7100 to a wireless network using the WPS method (Wifi Protected Setup). This process will permit you to print or scan from any device on the same networking without needing to link the printer to your computer system.

Unpack your printer and read the Epson XP-7100 printer install instructions in the user manual.

Plugin the power cord, turn on the printer, and install the Epson XP-7100 ink cartridges. Wait until the printer is doing the start-up process.

Your wireless router and printer need to sustain the WPS or Wifi Protected Setup pushbutton setting. Read both device owners’ manuals.

The wifi router has to have a WPS button.

Your network should utilize WPA2 or WPA security. Many WPS wireless routers will not connect when using the WPS technique if WEP is available.

Most WPS routers will not connect utilizing the WPS method if you use the manufacturer’s default setting for the Wifi name and without a password.

To connect your printer to the router using the WPS method, begin the WPS push button setting on your printer.

For troubleshooting on how to begin WPS on your printer, see your printer’s user guide.

Within 3 mins, press the WPS button on your router.

Epson XP-7100 Driver, Software Download & Manual

cdwdrivers.com is an independent remote technical support service provider for third-party products. We, with this, disclaim any affiliations, sponsorship, or endorsement by such a third party. Any use of third party trade names, brands, services, and products are for reference only. “printer.cdwdrivers.com” is not responsible for any third-party content provided on or through the Site, and you assume all threats related to the use of such third party content, products, and services. Our support staff is certified technicians, but they do not necessarily have third party certification unless expressly stated otherwise.

How to Download Epson XP-7100 Driver

There are 3 Methods on How to Download Epson XP-7100 Driver.

Method 1: Epson XP-7100 Driver Download using Driver Booster

Updating drivers is a cumbersome task, especially when you don’t know how to do that. Sometimes you may download the wrong driver, or an error may show up during the installation process. So if you need to update the driver, updating drivers automatically is a better choice.

Driver Booster is a popular drivers’ finder that can help you find the outdated, missing, or erroneous drivers, and then download the latest drivers for you. With this software, you can update graphics, audio, keyboard, printer, scanner, mouse drivers easily and fast.

1. Download, install, and run Driver Booster on your computer.

2. Click Scan. After that, Driver Booster will start scan all your devices including the Epson XP-7100 printer driver, and recommend the latest driver.

3. Find XP-7100 printer, and click Update to update this driver.

Here if there are other outdated or missing drivers that need to be updated, you can click Update Now to update all drivers.

Epson Printer Xp 7100 Manual

Method 2: Update Epson XP-7100 Driver via Device Manager

Some people also want to use the device manager to update their drivers. Device manager is Microsoft’s built-in hardware management tool. In addition to updating drivers, it can also be used to view the status, model, and other information of the hardware.

1. Open Device Manager.

Epson Xp-7100 Drivers For Mac

2. Expand Print queues. Here are some printers, scanners, and virtual devices that are already connected to your computer.

3. Right-click Epson XP-7100 Printer and select Update driver.

Epson Xp 7100 Series Driver

4. Select the first option: Search automatically for updated driver software.

After that, Microsoft will search for the latest driver and install it automatically. What you should do is to wait for several seconds.

There is another thing you should know is that if the printer shows a yellow exclamation and if the driver installed failed, you can uninstall the driver at first and then reinstall it again.

Method 3: How to Download Epson XP-7100 Driver Download from Epson Official Website

Some people may choose to manually update their printer drivers. If the first method is not suitable for you, you can also choose this way. Although it will take up some time, this method is very effective. For downloading Epson XP-7100 printer drivers and setup files, you can follow the next steps.

1. Go to the Epson XP-7100 Drivers Download page. Here you can see driver downloads, manuals, and services.

2. Search your product.

3. In the operating system, it will show the detected system. You do not need to select by yourself. If you want to download the XP-7100 printer drivers for other systems or other computers, select Windows 7, 8, or other items.

Here you can see the Drivers and Utilities Combo Package, click the Download button on the right side.

4. After you downloaded the driver to your computer, double-click the setup file to install it step by step.

Tips: If you encounter any problems while setting up or installing the Epson XP-7100 printer, you can visit the XP-7100 setup document page. This online page includes all instructions for you to use your XP-7100 products, such as how to install, how to connect, how to use cloud printing, and more.

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loadlovers135 · 4 years ago

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Hp Deskjet 5150 Driver Download For Mac

Download the latest drivers, firmware, and software for your HP Deskjet 5150 Color Inkjet Printer.This is HP’s official website that will help automatically detect and download the correct drivers free of cost for your HP Computing and Printing products for Windows and Mac operating system. Recommendation: If you are inexperienced with updating HP device drivers manually, we highly recommend downloading the HP (Hewlett Packard) Deskjet 5150 (5100) Driver Utility. This tool will download and update the correct HP Deskjet 5150 (5100) driver versions automatically, protecting you against installing the wrong Deskjet 5150 drivers. Free Download This package contains the files for installing the driver for HP’s Deskjet 5150, 5151, and 5160 Color Inkjet Printers. If this package has been installed, updating (overwrite-installing) this package may fix problems, add new functions, or expand functions.

Hp Deskjet 5150 Driver Download For Mac 10 12

Sep 14, 2021 Download the latest drivers, firmware, and software for your HP Deskjet 5150 Color Inkjet Printer.This is HP’s official website that will help automatically detect and download the correct drivers free of cost for your HP Computing and Printing products for Windows and Mac operating system. Get the latest official Hewlett Packard (HP) Deskjet 5150 Series printer drivers for Windows 11, 10, 8.1, 8, 7, Vista and XP PCs. Update drivers with the largest database available. This package contains the files for installing the driver for HP’s Deskjet 5150, 5151, and 5160 Color Inkjet Printers. If this package has been installed, updating (overwrite-installing) this package may fix problems, add new functions, or expand functions. This program is language independent and can be used with any language. Download HP Deskjet 5145 / 5150 / 5151 / 5160 Driver 2.7.1 for Mac OS X. OS support: Mac OS X. Category: Printers.

Sep 09, 2019 How to download hp deskjet 5150 printer for free? 0 C12Friedman Glorious. Jan 25, 2012 8,966 1 46,960 1,869. Dec 14, 2012 #2 Welcome to Tom's Hardware Forums. /primo-ramdisk-61-keygen/.

Free Hp Deskjet 5150 Driver

Driver For Hp Deskjet 5150 Free Download

Hp Deskjet 5150 Driver Download For Mac Os

Hp Deskjet 5150 Driver Mac

Microsoft Windows 2000, Microsoft Windows XP, Microsoft Windows Vista System requirements: This utility will only support USB connected printers. Description: The HP Printing Diagnostic Utility is created to diagnose and fix many common issues preventing printing from the computer. Enhancements: The HP Printing Diagnostic Utility is created to diagnose and fix many common issues preventing printing from the computer. It works for many HP printing devices. Follow the on-screen instructions to run the utility. Examples of issues this utility will address: • Connection Issue: The utility will check that the selected printer is connected and powered. • Spooler Service Issue: The utility will check that the print spooler service is running and restart the service, if necessary. • Purge Spooler Issue: The utility will check if the print queue is empty and will clear it, if necessary. • Printer Status Issue: The utility will check if the print status is offline or paused and will change the status to online or resume, if necessary. • Device Manager Issue: The utility will check for cautioned entries in the device manager. In order to fix the issue, the utility will force a plu and play re-scan of the device manager. • Printer Port Issue: The utility will check whether the selected printer is configured to use a DOT4 port or the USB00X Port and assign the correct printer port, if necessary. • Driver Handler Issue: The utility will check whether the correct printer driver is installed for the selected printer and assign the correct printer driver, if necessary. If the issue continues, turn your printer on and off, disconnect and reconnect the printer cable from the computer and the printer, and restart the computer. After the computer has restarted, please cancel any pending print jobs, if prompted.

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usatakecare · 4 years ago

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Everybody Must Know Tips If You Want to Avoid Failure in Brother Printer Not Printing in (2021)

To fix this issue, we should initially think minimal about the Brother printer. Brother enterprises convey a few electric machines, yet the Printer is the awesome them. Subsequently, that is the explanation clients face why Brother Printer not printing issues. As you have seen that after updating the window 10, the Brother printer goes disconnected. Each chip in cartridge needs to criticism the solicitation order from printer accurately to develop the correspondence. While the criticism is postponed or not meet the printer information base, the chip will neglect to be distinguished by printers.

Brother Printer not printing

Brother printers are without a doubt a standout amongst other quality printers however that doesn't make them work blunder free. Irregularly you will confront minor or significant glitches with your printer regardless of which brand you own. Essentially, Brother Printers are inclined to printing issues and now and then it may not print by any means. These steps will help you in fixing the Issues with your Brother printer not printing black and back to regular printing. There might be a few purposes for Brother Printer not printing like: -

The CISS framework

Cartridge

Breather Tape

1. Why is My Brother Printer Not Printing Black?

Brother Inkjet Printers are popular for the issue in printing of black cartridges. Brother printers appears to know precisely why this issue is so normal and even why it has kept on plague Brother printers for such countless years. In this article I need to initially begin with the reasons that could make this issue happen followed by the solutions: -

Check that the "Breather Tape" on the highest point of the cartridge is completely taken out.

Make sure that you change another cartridge a long time before it runs dry.

Using inferior quality nonexclusive ink cartridges.

Weak or defective Purge Pump.

Flawed purge seals.

Faulty Data Cable.

Clogged or stuck intake nozzle valve.

Brother printers and CISS Systems.

Using this step, you can fix the issue of Brother printer won't print black.

2. How we can tackle Brother printer not printing ink?

In the event that at least one of the ink tones are missing from your printed documents (for example received faxes, duplicates as well as reports printed from the PC), the ink cartridge(s) may not be installed correctly or nozzles in the print head might be obstructed. Confirming the ink cartridges are introduced appropriately and additionally cleaning the print head may resolve this issue.

3. Why is Brother printer not printing color?

This issue will possibly happen if an ink cartridge(s) is or was introduced in some unacceptable position (space) in the machine. At the point when a cartridge is introduced, the ink tube framework is loaded up with the ink from the cartridges, Print the test page from the control board of the printer or the printer drive. This will help to solve the issue of brother printer not printing color.

4. How do I fix Brother printer not printing remotely?

To determine this issue of brother printer not printing remotely and have the option to print once more, follow the suggestions underneath:

Make sure your Brother machine is prepared to utilize

Check and fix your remote association

Diagnose and solve other remote association issues

5. Why is Brother printer not printing clearly?

Cleaning the four shading print heads (dark, cyan, magenta and yellow) as well as changing the vertical arrangement may improve the print quality. To decide whether the arrangement should be set and to distinguish which print goes to be cleaned, print the Print Quality Check sheet and the Alignment Check sheet. If again the brother printer not printing clearly the repeat the steps.

6. How do I fix Brother printer not printing in windows 10?

To have the option to print again utilizing your Brother machine, adhere to the directions below:

Make sure the machine is associated with your PC and that they are both power on.

System restart.

if the Brother Printer not printing in windows 10 after the installation of the update then there is an issue in your Printer Driver with the Windows. Thus, you need to update the Printer Driver from Manufacturer Website.

Effective Methods of Fixing Brother Printer Errors

Ensure about the printer's connection.

Check the connection among printer and pc

Make sure that printer is updated.

Do a Cold Reset

Solution for Brother Printer not Printing issue

Most importantly are the techniques to manage Brother printer not printing. You can give them to fix the issue by your own. If you can’t fix the issue by using these steps, At that point you need to contact the Brother client care group If the difficult proceeds and your machine is inside guarantee, you can find a Brother Authorized Service Centre (ASC) in your general vicinity by tapping on the below link : http://www.brotherusa.com/administration/default.aspx

or contact Brother Customer Service by calling 1-877-Brother (1-877-276-8437) Monday through Friday, barring occasions.

If your machine is out of guarantee, then contact to brother service centre.

other useful links:

https://www.thecashappcontact.com/cash-app-account-closed-how-to-reopen/

#printer brotherprinter printernotprinting printerissue

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qstdifficultdriversstorage-blog · 5 years ago

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DOWNLOAD TOSHIBA SATELLITE P35-S609 DRIVER

Download Type: http File Name: toshiba satellite p35-s609 driver Uploader: Raju File Size: 23 Mb Downloads: 8306 Date Added: 21 October, 2019 Price: Free Operating Systems: Windows NT/2000/XP/2003/2003/7/8/10 MacOS 10/X File Format: exe File Version: 313121636

Change log: - Bug Fixes - File Sharing: Fixed a bug where file sizes were not displayed properly on Windows 10 via SMB connections. - Fixed can not use PCIE3 issue. - Fixed the issue of backlight. - Fixed the bug whereby L2TP remote access does not work. - Fixed(toshiba satellite p35-s609 driver Fixed) Daylight Saving functionEnhancements:Enhancements:1. - Fixed CPU(toshiba satellite p35-s609 driver CPU) voltage Value showing error. - Fixes issues with(toshiba satellite p35-s609 driver with) tuning and channel scan update for customers subscribing to cable service without a cable box. - Fixed an(toshiba satellite p35-s609 driver an) issue where the navigation pointer on Bing Maps did not move smoothly. - Fixed NTSC(toshiba satellite p35-s609 driver NTSC) frame-rate Setting = 12、5 / PAL Setting = 15、12、10、7, The image is not smooth 10. - Fixed Issues: - Virtual Super Resolution may not show up as available on some 1440p Ultra-Wide Displays. Users content: Added Remote TPM Activation support. A warning message will pop up to ask the user to reset the camera resolution. - Video PlayerDisplay recent played file when the Video widget starts. Close all applications that are currently running. HOW TO USE:Managed Solution:1. The tool can only be used under Vista, Win7, Win8. - Firmware fixes security vulnerabilities It is highly recommended to always use the most recent driver version available. Increased security to reduce unauthorized PTZ control. Known Issues- Virtual Super Resolution may fail to enable on some Radeon RX 400 and Radeon RX 500 series graphics products. On the Alert pop-up window, click the OK button to continue with the firmware upgrade. DRIVER SATA ABIT NF7-S2 DOWNLOAD Supported OS: Microsoft Windows 8 Pro (32-bit) Microsoft Windows 8.1 Pro (32-bit) Windows Vista 64-bit Windows Server 2012 R2 Notebook 8.1/8/7 32-bit Windows XP 32-bit Windows 8.1 Windows 8 Windows Server 2008 R2 Notebook 8.1/8/7 64-bit Windows Server 2003 32-bit Windows 7 64-bit Windows 10 Microsoft Windows 8 (32-bit) Windows 2000 Microsoft Windows 8 (64-bit) Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2008 Windows XP 64-bit Microsoft Windows 8.1 Enterprise (64-bit) Windows 8.1/8/7/Vista 64-bit Windows Vista 32-bit Microsoft Windows 8.1 (32-bit) Microsoft Windows 8 Enterprise (32-bit) Windows Server 2016 Windows 7 32-bit Microsoft Windows 8.1 (64-bit) Microsoft Windows 10 (64-bit) Microsoft Windows 8 Pro (64-bit) Microsoft Windows 10 (32-bit) Windows 8.1/8/7/Vista 32-bit Windows Server 2003 64-bit Microsoft Windows 8 Enterprise (64-bit) Microsoft Windows 8.1 Enterprise (32-bit) Microsoft Windows 8.1 Pro (64-bit) Windows 7 Searches: toshiba satellite p35-s609 Z47w; toshiba satellite p35-s609 driver for Microsoft Windows 8 Pro (64-bit); toshiba satellite p35-s609 ZGXIA4751; toshiba satellite p35-s609 ZG4751; toshiba satellite p35-s609 driver for Windows Server 2008; toshiba satellite p35-s609 driver for Microsoft Windows 8.1 (64-bit); toshiba satellite p35-s609 driver for Windows 8.1/8/7/Vista 32-bit; toshiba satellite p35-s609 Zwt475-wtr; toshiba satellite driver p35-s609; toshiba satellite p35-s609 driver for Windows Server 2003 32-bit; toshiba satellite p35-s609 Z ZG475-4 Compatible Devices: Ipod; Mouse; Hard Drive; Printer; Samsung; Wifi adapter To ensure the integrity of your download, please verify the checksum value. MD5: dbe518bc289930ff46c19893a8527609 SHA1: ced6edf5fc9c20ace12677c9dcc367af62eb6af0 SHA-256: 3315b101fff12110392192a59ffd76f77bbfda904895f39c882de3b6c4145f31

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i-shashi · 5 years ago

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windows 10 install webroot with key code

Welcome to our support page, get quick support for windows 10 install webroot with key code.

“Windows 10 install webroot with key code is more than just antivirus software. It can quickly block viruses, malware, spyware or cyber threats other malicious files attempting to get entry into your device. Visit webroot.com/safe for any issue/error associated with any antivirus installed on your system or device.”

How can webroot.com/safe help me?

You can lend your hand to your Webroot support specialists to download, install and update Webroot Spy Sweeper Antivirus on your system. We can also fix all the errors that can crop up when installing and configuring Webroot Antivirus on your PC. We can help you detect and remove malicious threats, malware, and spyware by doing a quick scan of all files and folders. With our robust technology, we can delete suspicious programs and infected files from your system. Our antivirus specialists can clean up all online threats, including Trojans, rootkits, jugglers, and worms. We can optimize the speed and efficiency of your computer and also prevent it from becoming sluggish.

And just give us the green light to remotely access your computer via the Internet and our certified technicians can protect you from identity theft and block unauthorized users from accessing your computer and personal data…

Where to search for Webroot Key Code?

The Webroot security package is simple to set up and installs at webroot.com/safe. Just find a 20-character alpha-numeric code written on the back of the retail card. Here is a sample product key to understanding you:

XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX

“Get Instant webroot safe Support for Installation.“

How to windows 10 install webroot with key code?

Install Webroot Antivirus: windows 10 install webroot with key code –

Go to your Webroot Geeksquad Antivirus Download page.

Then, first of all, open the web browser.

After this, search www.webroot.com/safe.

Then download the wsainstall.exe installation file.

And after you complete the download process

After this, the download file will be shown.

After that, you install wsainstall.exe, then webroot software.

Then download the wsainstall.exe installation file.

You must enter a 20-digit alphanumeric product key to install your web code with the key code.

Then follow all the instructions that are seen on the screen, to secure Webroot.

Features of Windows 10 install webroot with key code:

Identity Theft Protection: WebRot protects your identity from being stolen. Your identity includes usernames, account numbers, passwords and other personal information against spyware, malware, and other viruses.

Safe browsing with real-time anti-phishing.

Password and login security: WebRot protects your personal data such as passwords, usernames and credit card information to keep you safe online.

Mobile Security: Webroot provides security for Android phones with secure web browsing.

Lightning Fast Scan: Webroot scans all data very fast and takes up to 20 seconds.

Webcam security: Webroot provides you with webcam security.

System Optimizer: This is a system maintenance tool that deletes previous activities such as browsing history, temporary files, and cookies to protect your privacy.

It provides automatic backup and secure online storage.

Some common Webroot you may encounter: windows 10 install webroot with key code-

If you encounter any of the following problems while installing your Webroot product, it means that your device is suffering from compatibility issues: windows 10 install webroot with key code-

Frequent pop-ups on your computer.

Then after that your hard disk crashes.

After that the loss of your important data.

Then you keep losing the network connection.

And your automatic operating system reboot.

Now your applications slow response.

Then your system freezes or hangs.

Now your touchpad, mouse or keyboard is not working.

After that, your app is not responding.

Then sensitive files get hacked.

Now you can always connect with a customer support executive to help you fix it no matter what the error is.

Problems without antivirus in computer or laptop: windows 10 install webroot with key code-

Problems you have without your Webroot antivirus are safe or critical information may get compromised, our computer performance slows down, the operating system reboots automatically, unwanted annoying popups keep coming up, important Data information is lost, the operating system is corrupted, our computer system may not work properly, computer system Hard disk crashes, system wireless drivers tend to stop working, the computer system wireless and cable can not detect the printer does not work webcam of computer systems and computer touchpad does not work properly.

HOW TO INSTALL WEBROOT ANTIVIRUS ON YOUR DEVICE?

It is very easy to install and use Webroot.com/safe or Webroot antivirus software download by following a few easy steps. In order to stop viruses and worm to infect your device using Webroot, run setup and install it. You can easily install and upgrade Webroot SecureAnywhere Anti-Virus products.

Here are a few easy steps to follow:

You can either buy Webroot online or from a retail store near you.

RUN the setup using CD or DVD or by downloading it online. You will need a good internet connection.

Now, you must be provided with a 20 digit alpha-numeric code, this code is product key. In case you brought Webroot online, you will find the product key on the retail card. Or in case of online purchase, the product key is given to you on your registered Email Id.

Use this unique product key and install Webroot successfully on your device.

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harrywilliams08-blog · 6 years ago

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How to Fix Printer Not Working Issue in Windows 10

Printers are a popular computer accessory and useful too. While, Windows 10 is an advanced and stable operating system, but it is not perfect. After upgrading to Windows 10, many users found that their printer is not working. Reasons can be diverse; maybe you’re using an old printer or driver, etc. Try these some effective and straightforward ways to fix printer not working issue in Windows 10.

Way 1: Check the connections

For Wired Printer:

• Check the cables for any damage or short circuit.

• Check the cable connections.

• If your USB is not recognizing, run diagnose to fix the USB problems.

For Wireless Printer:

• Check the printer’s wireless option. It should be on and available.

• Check and connect your PC with your wireless printer.

• Check with printer’s wireless connectivity test.

Way 2: disconnect and reboot printer

Most of the time a simple power cycling the printer can resolve the problems. So, it better to try this before altering any settings.

• Power off your printer.

• Unplug its cable from the power board.

• Wait for a half minute.

• Plug it back to the power board.

• Power it on again.

Way 3: Remove and reinstall your printer

To uninstall your printer:

1. Open ‘Start.’

2. Click the ‘Settings’ icon.

3. Click ‘Devices.’

4. Select ‘Printers & Scanners’.

5. Find your printer under the ‘Printers & Scanner’ heading.

6. Select the printer and click ‘Remove device.’

This will remove your printer from your PC, and now you’ve to reinstall it again.

To install your wireless printer:

1. Open ‘Start.’

2. Click the ‘Settings’ icon.

3. Click ‘Devices.’

4. Select ‘Printers & Scanners’.

5. Click ‘Add a printer or scanner.’

6. Your PC will start searching for nearby printers.

7. Select your printer.

8. And, click ‘Add device.’

If your computer is unable to find your printer, make sure the printer is on and connected to the network. Windows easily finds the printers that are connected to the network.

To install your wired (local) printer:

Installing or adding a local printer to the PC is simple. First, insert the USB cable of the printer to the USB port of your PC, then power on your printer.

1. Open ‘Start.’

2. Click the ‘Settings’ icon.

3. Click ‘Devices.’

4. Select ‘Printers & Scanners’.

5. Find your printer under the ‘Printers & Scanner’ heading.

6. If you find your printer in the list that means it is installed.

7. If your printer is not listed, click ‘Add a Printer or scanner.’

9. Your PC will start searching for nearby printers.

10. Select your printer.

11. And, click ‘Add device.’

Way 4: Update your printer’s driver

Some printers and Windows require the most recent driver to work well. Here are some ways to update the printer’s driver.

Via Windows Update:

1. Open ‘Start.’

2. Click the ‘Settings’ icon.

3. Go to ‘Update & Security’.

4. Then click ‘Check for updates.’

5. Windows will check updates, and install it automatically for use.

If this doesn’t fix your printer’s problem, you can visit the manufacturer website to install diver of the printer you’re using. Most of the printers come with a guide disc, might be it contains drivers too or help you to fix your problem.

Source:- How to Fix Printer Not Working Issue in Windows 10

Sam John is a self-professed security expert; he has been making the people aware of the security threats. His passion is to write about Cyber security, cryptography, malware, social engineering, internet and new media. He writes for McAfee security products at mcafee.com/activate.

#mcafee.com/activate #www. mcafee.com/activate #How to Fix Printer Not Working Issue in Windows 10

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charactergalleryupdates · 5 years ago

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Update 3

(To check out these changes for yourself, pop on over to https://character.gallery)

It’s been a while, hasn’t it? Regardless, I’ve got a bit gift for everyone today: the biggest update to Character.Gallery to date.

While I was going through my notes for this update, I discovered that I started working on this update back in February of this year. That means that I’ve been working on this update off and on for about 10 months. When I made the blog post for the last update, I told you that the next update would have accounts and a new character wizard. I am happy to report that I did not break that promise.

There’s been a lot of changes, so let’s get started!

New Features

Accounts - You can now make an account, and save your characters to it. Changes you make to a character saved and loaded from an online account automatically update, and the website keeps a full version history of every change made to a character, so you can rewind it to any point in the past. You can also share a character from your account with a special link. Right now, accounts are limited to 3 characters each, but I’m looking into possibly changing this in the future.

New Character Wizard - Now when you create a new character, you get a popup asking if you’d like assistance. If you click “Yes”, you’re then walked through the character creation steps from the Core Rulebook. Every time you move to the next page, the previous changes are pushed back to the character, so if you don’t need help any longer, you can just close the wizard and keep going however you’d like. There’s no provided database of character options, but each page of the wizard has links to the related pages on The Hidden Truth and Archives of Nethys, and can be copied and pasted into the wizard.

Printable Sheets - You can now print a character sheet for your character at the current level. These sheets have pretty much all of the important information relevant to that level, and should be able to let you play your character without using an electronic device at all. You can also use any PDF printer to make a PDF, so you can play offline.

Animal Companions - We were calling drones “companions”, that has been updated to reflect the fact that animal companions exist now. You can now add animal companions to a character. They work similarly to drones.

Shields - Shields are now supported, and can be found at the bottom of the Combat section

Point Pools - This is a new feature that I designed to make it easier to track all of the various types of points that you may need to track on a character, such as attunement or entropy. You can name each pool whatever you’d like, and can set a maximum and current number for each one. I hope these will be pretty useful for a lot of folks.

Backup Data Recovery - There are now certain points where the site will try to backup your character data locally, so if something goes wrong, it can attempt to be recovered. The site will offer to recover it automatically if you end up running into an error, or you can recover it manually by going to MIsc > Options, and then clicking on the Recover button next to “Backup Character”.

Error Reporting - There’s now automatic error reporting enable on the site, so that if something goes wrong, I’ll be notified immediately. If click the “Send Error Report” button, you’ll be given a a form to provide any additional info that you’d like to send to me.

Changes

Analytics - I’ve turned Google Analytics back on, so that I’m able to get some better information about how many people are using the site, and roughly where they are, so I can figure out where to prioritize putting some resources in future projects and updates.

Auto-Save Timer - The site now waits for 10 seconds after you stop making changes before saving your character data: online if the character is on your account, locally otherwise.

Character Images - You can now select an image file from your device, and it’ll get resized and embedded into the character data or saved file. This will make it easier to use the site while offline. It’s also uploaded to your account if you save the character there.

Ability Descriptions - The details about abilities that you type in now show up in a small modal window when you click on the link, rather than trying to show them in a small “popover”.

Skills - You can now be set to use any ability score modifier, in case that gets changed by some character ability.

Feats - You can now add multiple feats at any level.

Damage Entry -There’s a Vitals button below your HP, SP, and RP bars. You can click on it to have one place to enter damage taken or healed, and it’ll automatically deduct from temporary hp, sp, or hp, as required. Oh, probably should also say that you can access your temporary hp from there as well, and then use the Round to recharge them at the end of every round.

Resting - In addition to damage entry, there’s buttons to automatically handle a 10 minute rest, and an 8 hour rest.

Weapons - These have gotten cleaned up on the Play section, they work much better on mobile devices. It hides the extra info you may not need to make an attack roll until you actually need it. This includes ammunition tracking, which has also gotten a few buttons. In general, the entire experience is a lot better on mobile devices.

Bug Fixes

Fixed several issues with mobile layouts and functionality

Fixed some issues with default drone data

Fixed an issue where dice rollers wouldn't work

Fixed some issues where character data wouldn't load

Fixed an issue where notifications wouldn't dismiss automatically

Fixed an issue where the menu didn't close when loading a character

Probably a couple others that I’ve forgotten about...

Things to Come

I don’t have all of the next updates completely planned out, but I have been learning quite a few things about Vue over the last few months. The next big thing I’m needing to do is a significant rewrite that should help make things a lot more stable. I’m also wanting to do an overhaul of the Equipment and Society sections. I’m still planning on working on some concepts with some ideas for Starships, but those are still going to be a little ways off.

Thank You...

So let me go ahead and wrap this up. I hope that everyone’s able to benefit ton from all of the work that I’ve been putting into Character.Gallery. I’ve been listening to all of the feedback that you folks have been giving me, and I’m extremely thankful to everyone who’s reached out with any ideas, every one of you who have stuck around, and every one of you who are just now discovering my little project that I work on in my free time. Every single one of you have helped to make this the best project I’ve ever worked on.

Thank you. And have a very happy holiday season this year.

- Trevor

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beesandwasps · 6 years ago

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Everything You Will Ever Need To Know About Unicode (And Many Things You Will Not Need To Know As Well)

(This post is specifically being written so I have a single URL which covers all the points involved, and therefore does not necessarily cover all technical/historical points thoroughly even though it is extremely long. For your convenience in skipping it, the whole thing is below the fold.)

A Little History

Once upon a time, computers with keyboards instead of punch cards and switches were new and magical things. Since computers deal with complex data by converting it into numbers, a system was needed to map text to numbers. This kind of system — where numbers in some range, usually beginning with 0 and ending with some binary-significant value — are mapped to printing characters is called a character mapping.

After a certain number of false starts, American computer companies and their English-speaking foreign counterparts settled on ASCII (the American Standard Code for Information Interchange). Most people, even now, know a little bit about ASCII — the main points are:

Uses values from 0 to 127 (that is, values which can be represented in seven-eighths of one byte)

Values from 0 to 31 and the lone value 127 are non-printing characters (including a “backspace” character) intended to transmit control instructions

Contains the digits from 0 to 9, the latin alphabet without accents in both upper- and lower-case, and 32 symbols; the digits are in sequence, as are the alphabet.

Does not contain “curly quotes”, accented characters like “é”, or currency symbols other than the dollar sign “$”

Does not specify which non-printing character signifies a line break/paragraph ending

The line break issue is of some importance, so it’s worth explaining: ASCII as originally formulated treats text more or less as a stream of characters passing through the print head (the “carriage”) of an electric typewriter or old-fashioned line printer. As such, it has two characters which deal with moving the carriage to a new paragraph: “line feed” (LF), which moves the head down one line, and “carriage return” (CR), which moves the head to the extreme left edge of the line. ASCII says that LF is 10 (hexadecimal 0x0A), and CR is 13 (hexadecimal 0x0D). On an electric typewriter or line printer, where there is a physical moving part, a new paragraph is a carriage return and a line feed, in either order, but a computer generally doesn’t need two characters. With typical contrariness, the major families of operating systems adopted three standards:

POSIX-y systems (Unix, and eventually Linux) decided that LF meant a new paragraph, and CR meant nothing.

DOS (and eventually Windows) decided to follow the electric typewriter model, and used a carriage return followed by a line feed, CRLF. Either character by itself meant nothing, and LFCR meant nothing.

“Classic” Mac OS decided that CR meant a new paragraph, and LF meant nothing. (Mac OS X — which is actually a reworking of an older OS originally known as NextStep — is actually a Unix variant; any GUI program using the built-in text APIs will auto-translate all three options when reading a text file, and write LF.)

Obviously, although ASCII is good enough for programming in most computer languages, which tend to be English-y and designed for a certain amount of backwards-compatibility, ASCII was not good enough for other forms of text, which demand better punctuation and support for languages other than English.

There was a longish period during which a number of other character mappings were used in different contexts. Many of them were “extended ASCII” character sets, which used one byte per character, and filled the extra 128 values left by ASCII with extended punctuation and accented characters as support for other languages. By and large, these were encoded into a family of standards by the International Standards Organization (ISO), known collectively as ISO 8859. The most common of these is ISO 8859-1, “ISO Latin-1”, but there are others as well. (Most versions of Windows use a modified version of ISO Latin-1 known as Windows-1252, and the “Classic” Mac OS had an equivalent mostly-overlapping character mapping for European languages, Mac Roman.)

(As a purely historical note: IBM had its own family of character mappings entirely distinct from ASCII, known collectively as EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. For many reasons, EBCDIC did not catch on — among other things, the latin alphabet was never encoded as a single set of consecutive values — and it is included here primarily so that you can win trivia contests.)

Other languages, however, could not base their character mappings on ASCII. Real support for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean requires at least some large subset of the multi-thousand-character system called “漢字” (Pronounced “Hanzi” in Chinese, “Kanji” in Japanese, and “Hanja” in Korean), among other non-ASCII things. For this reason, there were also many pre-Unicode character mappings which used more than one byte per character, and even a few which used a variable number of bytes per character. All of these systems tended to include all the characters of ASCII, but were obviously not directly mappable to any ASCII-based single-byte character mapping.

This was the situation in the late 1980s, when Xerox and Apple began working on what would eventually become Unicode. The first published version of Unicode — which was a fixed-size two-byte encoding intended purely for modern languages in active use — was published in 1991, and an expanded version (essentially the current system from a technical standpoint) was published in 1996.

What Unicode Is, And What It Isn’t

Unicode is a character mapping (and a few other things as well which we won’t go into). It attempts to fulfill (sometimes with more success than others) certain specific goals:

Every character set used in “real” human communication should be representable. (There is a certain amount of fussiness over what “real” means — Klingon is not included, for instance, because it was deliberately invented to be “alien”, but Shavian phonetic script is included.)

For every character set included in Unicode, the order of the characters should ideally follow some popular pre-existing character mapping, if there is one, or at least have some technical justification even if it is only “this is the order of the alphabet in this language”.

Every included character has a numeric value — its “code point” — and a unique name in English, usually represented in all capitals. A code point is properly given as “U+” followed by the value in hexadecimal, padded to at least 4 digits. (That is, “U+0043”, not “U+43”.)

Characters which modify other characters, such as accent marks, should be included. If a modified character is common enough, it should appear as its own character. (For example, a capital “A” with a grave accent, “À” can be represented by U+0041, “LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A”, followed by U+0300, “COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT” — but it can also be represented as U+00C0, “LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE”.) Algorithms are provided to “compose” these combinations into single characters where appropriate, and to compare strings properly with consideration for composition.

The Unicode standard, which is at version 12 as of this writing, is maintained by the Unicode Consortium, which is an international organization not under the control of any company, but including representatives from some companies as well as academics specializing in language. Note that Unicode is not a piece of software, nor is it a font. It is a character mapping, which must be implemented by software companies and font designers who want to display text. Although the application to include new characters in Unicode (or to modify existing ones) is not particularly complex, the process involves deliberation and tends to move very slowly.

It is important to remember that a Unicode code point is distinct from the bytes which will be recorded in a file. Unicode by itself does not specify how a code point should be recorded in bytes, merely which number values correspond to which characters (and how they interact). Unicode code points range between 0 and 0x10FFFF, which means that it would be theoretically possible to encode Unicode directly to disk as a fixed-size 3-byte encoding. In practice, this does not happen; more about this topic below. Certain specific code points are deliberately unused, most notably the 2048-code-point range from U+D800 to U+DFFF and the specific value U+FFFE.

The code points are usually (with a few exceptions) arranged into groups of related characters by language or purpose. These sections are known as “code tables”, and always contain a multiple of 16 characters, some of which may be unused, so that any two code points whose hexadecimal value differ only in the last digit are always in the same code table. (For instance, Mongolian is U+1800 through U+18AF.)

Some general notes on the basic structure of Unicode:

The values from 0 to 255 are identical to those in ISO 8859-1, so that ASCII and the most common “European” encoding have a direct conversion of values.

Most (though not all) character sets which would have a single-byte encoding by themselves, but are not based on the latin alphabet, appear fairly early in the list. (Greek, Cyrillic, Hebrew, Cherokee, and so on.)

The majority (though again not all) of characters used commonly in modern languages appear in the Basic Multilingual Plane, or BMP, which is the range of values from U+0000 to U+FFFF. (In fact, Unicode 1.0 was the BMP.) There are other “planes” as well, and certain ranges of values are designated as “Private Use Areas”, so that programmers can use characters which are explicitly not part of ordinary text without having to switch between Unicode and other systems. (Apple, for example, stores their logo in the system fonts which come with Mac OS X as U+F8FF, so that it can be used in the menu bar and in text.)

In many cases, the Unicode Consortium later added additional characters for a specific language or character set, and so there are many small code tables containing “supplementary” or “extended” characters to previously-defined code tables. (The latin alphabet has 8 code tables so far, starting with “Basic Latin” for ASCII and “Latin-1 Supplement” for the rest of ISO Latin-1, but extending into extraordinarily rare characters up through “Latin Extended-E”, with a brief side trip to “Latin Extended Additional”.) Although the latin alphabet and the CJK character sets have more code tables than usual, there are “supplementary” and “extended” code tables for many others as well.

The 漢字 characters for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean appear only once, mostly in the massive code table “CJK Unified Ideographs”, which stretches from U+4E00 to U+9FFF. (The characters often have different appearances in the different languages, which means that there is a useful distinction between, say, the Korean version of a character and the Chinese version, which Unicode by itself does not preserve, making the single inclusion a contentious decision.) The characters generally appear in order of complexity, with the most common/simplest ones appearing at lower code points — but, as anybody who has perused a reference work involving 漢字 will tell you, “simpler” is not only a relative term but one on which different authorities disagree.

In addition to characters used in spoken languages, Unicode also contains a very wide range of shapes and symbols. Usually, these characters are added in response to their inclusion in some communications system outside of the Unicode Consortium’s control. (For example, emoji were originally taken from Japanese cell phone texting systems, which is why so many of the early emoji in Unicode are Japanese cultural items, like U+1F359 “🍡”, dango. That’s also why all the “face” emoji started off without alternate forms for skin color.) These non-language characters tend to appear in two places in the Unicode table: just before the 漢字 characters, and towards the end of the currently-defined characters.

Recording Unicode On Disk: Byte Sequences and UTF

In theory, you could record all Unicode characters using a 3-byte encoding; more commonly, people think of Unicode as having 4-byte values. While this is not technically incorrect, it is worth remembering that Unicode itself never uses values above 0x10FFFF. (On the other hand, there is a “larger” standard known as the Universal Character Set, UCS, which is currently defined as being identical to Unicode for all defined values, but explicitly says that characters can potentially have any four-byte value, and most software is written with an eye on UCS.)

A method of converting Unicode code points into values on disk is a Unicode Transformation Format (or, if you like, a UCS Transformation Format), abbreviated UTF. The obvious, simple, and almost unused method is to record text as a stream of 4-byte values. This is known as UTF-32, or UCS-4, and is extremely rare in practice.

There are 2 common encodings (one of which comes in two variants) which reduce the amount of wasted space (bytes of value 0) recorded to disk:

UTF-8

UTF-8 is by far the most common encoding found on the web, and also in text files used by programmers. The premise is simple: characters which appear in strict ASCII take up one byte with the high-order bit set to 0 (that is, with a value from 0 to 127), other characters use 2, 3, or 4 bytes with the high-order bit set to 1 (a value from 128 to 255). A valid strict ASCII text file is automatically a valid UTF-8 text file.

The Wikipedia article explains the algorithm in detail, but in short: multi-byte characters in UTF-8 are formatted so that the first byte indicates how many bytes will be used, and the remaining bytes cannot be mistaken for the first byte of a multi-byte character. That means UTF-8 is useful across unreliable transmission methods — if a single byte is lost, the character corresponding to that byte will be lost, but the rest of the text is not jumbled.

In addition, any system which was written with the assumption that all text was ASCII (which includes most command-line tools) will probably handle UTF-8 text without any problems, provided that they do not strip high-order bits or split up any adjacent multi-byte characters. (That is, they will be able to do things like search through the text or wrap it to a maximum line width for display without making it unreadable.) This makes it particularly convenient for programmers and system administrators, who frequently use tools which were written long ago and “think” in terms of pure ASCII text (or, at least, ASCII-based single-byte character mappings).

It is possibly important to remember that, contrary to popular belief, not every sequence of byte values is valid UTF-8 text. There are byte sequences which encode values which have no character mapping, byte sequences which encode values too large for the Unicode range, and byte sequences which encode ASCII characters — which would be readable but still invalid.

The algorithm for UTF-8 can actually handle the entire UCS character set, using up to 6 bytes per character for values outside the official Unicode mapping, and when the UTF-8 encoding was introduced, those additional values were part of the algorithm. By the official standard eventually set by the IETF RFC in 2003, UTF-8 is restricted to valid Unicode values, and therefore no more than 4 bytes per character.

UTF-16 (and UTF-16BE and UTF-16LE)

Much though “tl;dr” synopses are horrible, this section can be summarized as: “unless you are defining your own file type (so that only your program will ever need to read it) and will be storing a lot of text which does not use the latin character set, do not use UTF-16 because it is a mess and invites trouble”.

UTF-16 was — in Unicode 1.0 — the equivalent of UTF-32 in later versions, because all Unicode values used 2 bytes, meaning that recording two bytes per character was the simple, obvious thing to do. It was somewhat wasteful of space for most European languages, since it “wastes” a byte for any character in the ISO Latin-1 character mapping, but even in 1991 when Unicode 1.0 came out this was not an unreasonable strain on existing storage technology. The problems which eventually made UTF-16 unpopular were more subtle and varied.

First was the fact that there are two varieties of UTF-16. Some computers are “big-endian” (that is, the first byte in a multi-byte value is the byte which stores the larger portion of the value, the “big end”) and some are “little-endian”. (The terms are references to Gulliver’s Travels, and are traditional for describing this problem.) So by default, some computers “want” to write U+1234 as 0x1234, with the “big end” first (UTF-16BE) while others “want” to write it as 0x3412 with the “little end” first (UTF-16LE), and since U+3412 is just as valid a code point as U+1234, there is no automatic way to be sure whether a UTF-16 file from an unknown source was UTF-16BE or UTF-16LE.

In order to solve this problem, Unicode defined U+FEFF as a “Byte Order Mark” (BOM) which could be placed at the beginning of a UTF-16 text stream to show which one was in use. (Its character is defined as a “zero-width non-breaking space” — in other words, a character which is technically a space for the purposes of word-count or spell-checking, but takes up no space on the screen, and at which programs are not supposed to break up text for line-wrapping or layout purposes. Since this has no visible or analytical effect on the text at all, a correctly-interpreted BOM in a Unicode-supporting program does not alter the text and can even be safely included in UTF-8 text files where it is unnecessary.) Which solved the problem… except that the overwhelming majority of programs which used UTF-16 did not record a BOM in their files, regarding it as an unnecessary waste of space. As a result, most pure text editors which support UTF-16 have an option to force a file to open as either BE or LE.

When Unicode 2.0 increased the range of valid code points all the way to U+10FFFF, two bytes were no longer sufficient to cover all possible characters. UTF-16 was amended to use approximately the same trick as UTF-8 to extend its range. As it happened, no characters had yet been assigned to the range U+D800 to U+DFFF, and so this range was declared to be permanently unused; characters with code points above U+FFFF are recorded in UTF-16 as a pair of 2-byte values in this range. (More specifically, the first value will be in the range 0xD800 to 0xDBFF, and the second value will be in the range 0xDC00 to 0xDFFF; this gives 1024×1024 combinations, coincidentally the number of values from 0x010000 to 0x10FFFF.) As a result, “modern” UTF-16 is a variable-length encoding — most of the time, it uses two bytes per character, but sometimes uses four.

If a single byte is missed or deleted in transmission (or any odd number of bytes), the rest of the text is garbled, and unless an invalid combination like an unmatched U+D800 occurs, there is no way to detect this algorithmically. If multiple bytes are lost at random, the text will switch back and forth to and from gibberish.

Finally, and fatally in many cases, UTF-16 often chokes old programs which “think” in ASCII, which are often used by programmers. Unfortunately, a very large number of two-byte combinations which are valid UTF-16 are also valid ASCII, so programs which expect to be able to alter ASCII text for convenience can mangle UTF-16 text irreparably.

In particular, line break characters can be a problem with UTF-16 text. Tools such as Git often default to some sort of “auto-translation” mode when retrieving code files, but are not smart enough to catch on to multi-byte character encoding. A file which is converted to the Windows paragraph ending, CRLF, from (usually) the POSIX paragraph ending, LF, will cause the insertion of an extra byte, garbling all the characters in even-numbered paragraphs. Although it is possible to shut off a given tool’s auto-translation mode, it is much easier simply to avoid UTF-16 encoding in favor of UTF-8 from the start.

UTF-7

UTF-7 is primarily used in e-mail. You are unlikely to use it and it is listed here purely to head off questions. It records unaccented latin letters, numbers, and a few symbols directly as their ASCII equivalents, “+” as the sequence “+-”, and all other characters with a “+” followed by the base64-encoded UTF-16BE value of the character. This means that the entire text will consist of ASCII characters, thus conforming to MIME requirements. Since this is extremely wasteful of space without any particular benefit in terms of readability or formatting, it is generally unused as a file format.

#unicode

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