#How to Use Laravel with Next.js

[yesitlabsllc]

How to Use Laravel with React, Vue, or Next.js?

Learn how to build modern, interactive web applications by integrating Laravel with React, Vue, or Next.js

[manavkapoor]

Why Headless Laravel CMS is Taking Over Traditional Web Development

Hey folks! 🚀 If you’ve been keeping up with web development trends, you’ve probably heard the buzz about headless Laravel CMS. It’s revolutionizing how we build and manage websites, leaving traditional CMS platforms like WordPress and Drupal in the dust. But why? Let’s dive in and explore why businesses and developers are making the switch—spoiler alert: it’s all about flexibility, speed, and scalability!

Understanding Headless Laravel CMS and Its Growing Popularity

A headless CMS isn’t some futuristic tech—it’s a smarter way to manage content. Unlike traditional CMS platforms that bundle the frontend and backend together, a headless CMS decouples them, giving developers the freedom to use any frontend framework while Laravel handles the backend like a pro.

What is a Headless CMS and How Does It Work?

Imagine a restaurant where the kitchen (backend) and dining area (frontend) operate independently. 🍽️ The kitchen prepares the food (content), and the waitstaff (APIs) deliver it to any dining setup—be it a food truck, rooftop café, or home delivery. That’s how a headless CMS works! It stores and manages content, then delivers it via APIs to any device or platform—websites, mobile apps, smartwatches, you name it.

Why Laravel is Perfect for a Headless CMS

Laravel isn’t just another PHP framework—it’s a powerhouse for API-driven development. With built-in support for RESTful and GraphQL APIs, Eloquent ORM for smooth database interactions, and a robust ecosystem, it’s no wonder Laravel is the top pick for headless CMS setups.

Headless Laravel CMS vs. Traditional CMS Solutions

Traditional CMS platforms like WordPress are great for simple websites, but they struggle with scalability and multi-channel content delivery. A headless Laravel CMS, on the other hand, offers:

No frontend restrictions (use React, Vue.js, or even a mobile app).

Better performance (no bloated themes or plugins slowing things down).

Future-proof flexibility (adapt to new tech without overhauling your backend).

Benefits of Using a Headless CMS with Laravel

Enhanced Performance and Scalability

Did you know? Websites using headless CMS architectures load up to 50% faster than traditional setups. 🏎️ By separating the frontend and backend, Laravel ensures your content is delivered lightning-fast, whether you’re serving 100 or 100,000 users.

Multi-Platform Content Delivery

With a headless Laravel CMS, your content isn’t tied to a single website. Publish once, and distribute everywhere—web, mobile apps, IoT devices, even digital billboards! Companies like Netflix and Spotify use headless CMS to deliver seamless experiences across platforms.

Improved Security and Backend Control

Traditional CMS platforms are hacker magnets (looking at you, WordPress plugins!). A headless Laravel CMS reduces vulnerabilities by:

Limiting exposure (no public-facing admin panel).

Using Laravel’s built-in security (CSRF protection, encryption).

Offering granular API access control.

Key Technologies Powering Headless Laravel CMS

RESTful and GraphQL APIs in Laravel CMS

Laravel makes API development a breeze. Whether you prefer REST (simple and structured) or GraphQL (flexible and efficient), Laravel’s got you covered. Fun fact: GraphQL can reduce API payloads by up to 70%, making your apps faster and more efficient.

Integrating Laravel CMS with JavaScript Frontend Frameworks

Pairing Laravel with React, Vue.js, or Next.js is like peanut butter and jelly—perfect together! 🥪 Frontend frameworks handle the UI, while Laravel manages data securely in the background. Many Laravel web development companies leverage this combo for high-performance apps.

Database and Storage Options for Headless Laravel CMS

Laravel plays nice with MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and even cloud storage like AWS S3. Need to scale? No problem. Laravel’s database abstraction ensures smooth performance, whether you’re running a blog or a global e-commerce site.

Use Cases and Real-World Applications of Headless Laravel CMS

E-Commerce and Headless Laravel CMS

E-commerce giants love headless CMS for its agility. Imagine updating product listings once and seeing changes reflected instantly on your website, mobile app, and marketplace integrations. Companies like Nike and Adidas use headless setups for seamless shopping experiences.

Content-Heavy Websites and Laravel Headless CMS

News portals and media sites thrive with headless Laravel CMS. Why? Because journalists can publish content via a streamlined backend, while developers use modern frameworks to create dynamic, fast-loading frontends.

API-Driven Web and Mobile Applications

From fitness apps to banking platforms, headless Laravel CMS ensures real-time data sync across devices. No more clunky updates—just smooth, consistent user experiences.

Challenges and Best Practices for Headless Laravel CMS

Managing API Requests Efficiently

Too many API calls can slow things down. Solution? Caching and webhooks. Laravel’s caching mechanisms (Redis, Memcached) and event-driven webhooks keep performance snappy.

Handling SEO in a Headless Laravel CMS Setup

SEO isn’t dead—it’s just different! Use server-side rendering (SSR) with Next.js or Nuxt.js, and leverage Laravel’s meta-tag management tools to keep search engines happy.

Ensuring Smooth Frontend and Backend Communication

Clear API documentation and webhook integrations are key. A well-structured Laravel backend paired with a modular frontend ensures seamless updates and maintenance.

Final Thoughts

Headless Laravel CMS isn’t just a trend—it’s the future. With better performance, unmatched flexibility, and ironclad security, it’s no surprise that Laravel development companies are leading the charge. Whether you’re building an e-commerce platform, a content hub, or a multi-platform app, going headless with Laravel is a game-changer.

Key Takeaways

Headless Laravel CMS = Speed + Flexibility 🚀

API-first architecture = Content everywhere 📱💻

Security and scalability built-in 🔒

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the difference between a traditional CMS and a headless CMS?

A traditional CMS (like WordPress) combines the backend (content management) and frontend (display) in one system. A headless CMS decouples them, allowing content to be delivered via APIs to any frontend—websites, apps, or even smart devices. This offers greater flexibility and performance.

2. Why should I use Laravel for a headless CMS?

Laravel’s robust API support, security features, and scalability make it ideal for headless CMS setups. Its ecosystem (including tools like Laravel Sanctum for API auth) simplifies development, making it a top choice for Laravel web development services.

3. Can I integrate Laravel’s headless CMS with React or Vue.js?

Absolutely! Laravel works seamlessly with JavaScript frameworks like React, Vue.js, and Next.js. The backend serves content via APIs, while the frontend framework handles the UI, creating a fast, dynamic user experience.

4. How does a headless CMS improve website performance?

By separating the frontend and backend, a headless CMS reduces server load and eliminates bloated themes/plugins. Content is delivered via optimized APIs, resulting in faster load times and better scalability.

5. Is SEO more challenging in a headless CMS setup?

Not if you do it right! Use server-side rendering (SSR) with frameworks like Next.js, implement proper meta tags, and leverage Laravel’s SEO tools. Many headless CMS sites rank just as well—or better—than traditional ones.

There you have it, folks! 🎉 Headless Laravel CMS is reshaping web development, and now you know why. Ready to make the switch?

[saifawaisi3211]

Website Development and Design in Bangalore: Why Hello Errors is the Right Digital Partner for Your Brand

In an age where digital presence defines business credibility, website development and design in Bangalore has become the go-to investment for startups, enterprises, and innovators looking to thrive in India’s most tech-forward city. With increasing competition and rapidly evolving consumer behavior, businesses in Bangalore must go beyond basic websites to create smart, scalable, and captivating digital platforms.

This is where Hello Errors steps in—a leading force in Bangalore’s web development landscape that offers custom digital solutions to match the ever-evolving demands of modern businesses.

From intuitive user experiences to robust coding frameworks and SEO-optimized architecture, Hello Errors is redefining how companies approach website design in India’s Silicon Valley.

Why Bangalore is Booming with Website Design Demand

Bangalore isn't just a city—it's a tech ecosystem buzzing with innovation. With thousands of startups, IT hubs, and digital-first brands emerging each year, the city demands an advanced digital infrastructure. The website is at the center of it all—your digital storefront, your 24/7 marketer, and the gateway to customer engagement.

Here’s why businesses in Bangalore are investing more than ever in custom websites:

Startups require fast go-to-market websites with growth-ready architecture.

SMBs seek conversion-oriented design to boost online leads.

Enterprises are scaling their platforms for global users and integrated systems.

Everyone wants SEO performance + aesthetic appeal.

Whether you’re just starting out or scaling up, your website development and design in Bangalore must align with your brand strategy—and that’s exactly what Hello Errors delivers.

Hello Errors: The Creative Tech Studio for Modern Web Development

At Hello Errors, we’re not just another web development company in Bangalore—we’re your brand’s digital co-founder. We believe that your website should do more than inform; it should interact, engage, and convert.

Here’s what makes us different:

1. Strategic Discovery First, Design Later

We start by understanding your business, target audience, competitors, and brand voice. Then we build a website strategy that reflects your long-term goals.

2. Modular & Scalable Architecture

We don’t lock you into rigid frameworks. Our developers build scalable codebases using the latest technologies like React, Next.js, Laravel, and Node.js.

3. Speed-First Mentality

We optimize every line of code, every image, and every component for blazing-fast loading times—because performance is key to conversions and SEO.

4. Mobile-Responsive From the Ground Up

Responsive design is no longer optional. Every Hello Errors website is tested across devices and browsers to guarantee seamless access for all users.

5. UI/UX Focused on Human Behavior

Our UI/UX design in Bangalore goes deep into human psychology. Every button, color, and font is chosen to reduce friction and guide the user journey naturally.

Design with Purpose: The Hello Errors Approach

Design isn’t just about looking pretty—it’s about solving problems. At Hello Errors, our team of UI/UX designers crafts interfaces that help your users complete actions faster, easier, and with more satisfaction.

Key design principles we apply:

Visual hierarchy to guide attention

Whitespace for clarity and readability

Accessibility for all users, including differently-abled

Dynamic elements to improve interaction without overwhelming users

Dark and light themes based on your audience and brand tone

This makes Hello Errors a go-to choice for custom website design in Bangalore.

Our Website Development Process in 6 Steps

We follow a refined process to deliver impactful websites:

Discovery & Planning Market research, business goals, and competitor analysis.

Wireframing & UI Design Visual layout, branding, and design prototypes.

Front-end & Back-end Development Responsive coding using HTML5, CSS3, JS, PHP, or full-stack frameworks.

Content Development & SEO SEO-optimized content writing and keyword placement by professionals.

Testing & Quality Assurance Device testing, speed optimization, security checks, and bug fixing.

Launch & Post-Launch Support Go live with full hosting, domain support, and analytics setup.

Beyond Web: App Development, SEO & AI-Powered Solutions

🔹 Mobile App Development

From MVPs to full-fledged native/hybrid apps, we build mobile experiences that perform. Our mobile-first mindset ensures your app integrates seamlessly with your website for a consistent user experience.

🔹 Advanced SEO Techniques

As SEO website developers in Bangalore, we include technical SEO (sitemap, schema, robots.txt), on-page SEO (H1, meta tags, URLs), and ongoing SEO strategies (blogging, keyword strategy, and backlinking).

🔹 AI/ML Capabilities

Want smarter platforms? Our AI/ML integration enables personalization, smart chatbots, real-time data processing, and predictive analytics—turning your website into a living digital asset.

Trusted by Startups, Loved by Founders

We take pride in supporting Bangalore’s vibrant startup culture. Many of our clients are young founders and small teams who need responsive web design in Bangalore with a focus on fast execution and performance.

💡 Whether you’re a bootstrapped startup or a funded scale-up, Hello Errors understands your pace and builds to match your velocity.

What You’ll Gain with Hello Errors

✅ SEO-optimized, mobile-first website ✅ Elegant UI/UX that improves engagement ✅ Intelligent functionality with zero downtime ✅ Scalable infrastructure for future growth ✅ Ongoing maintenance and digital strategy

In a competitive digital market like Bangalore, choosing the right development partner can define your brand’s success. Hello Errors isn’t just a vendor—we’re your creative tech team.

Take Your Digital Presence to the Next Level

If you're looking for high-performing website development and design in Bangalore, it’s time to move beyond templates and freelancers. Choose Hello Errors to build a custom digital platform that actually drives results.

🚀 Let’s co-create a website that fuels your brand’s next big leap.

📩 Book a free discovery call today at 👉 https://helloerrors.in 📞 Or reach out directly to get a quote tailored to your goals.

[chocolatedetectivehottub]

web development,

web development,

Web development is the art and science of creating websites and web applications. As the digital world continues to evolve, web development remains a cornerstone for businesses, startups, and individuals looking to establish an online presence. In this guide, we’ll explore what web development is, its key components, trends in 2025, and how to get started.

What Is Web Development?

Web development refers to the process of building and maintaining websites. It encompasses everything from simple static web pages to complex dynamic applications, e-commerce platforms, and social networks. Web development is typically divided into two main categories:

Frontend Development: This involves everything users see and interact with on a website. Technologies include HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue.js.

Backend Development: This includes the server, databases, and application logic. Common backend languages include PHP, Python, Node.js, Ruby, and Java.

There is also Full-Stack Development, where developers handle both the frontend and backend.

Why Web Development Matters

In 2025, having a website is no longer optional. It’s essential for:

Online visibility

Customer engagement

Lead generation

Sales and marketing

Brand reputation

A well-developed website builds trust and increases conversions.

Key Components of Web Development

Responsive Design Websites must look great and function well on all devices—desktops, tablets, and smartphones.

Performance Optimization Fast-loading websites improve user experience and SEO rankings.

Security Secure coding practices and HTTPS protocols are vital for protecting user data.

SEO-Friendly Structure Clean code and proper use of tags help search engines index the site effectively.

Content Management Systems (CMS) Platforms like WordPress, Joomla, or custom-built CMS allow easy content updates.

Popular Web Development Technologies in 2025

Frontend: React.js, Next.js, Vue.js, Tailwind CSS

Backend: Node.js, Laravel, Django, Flask

Databases: MongoDB, MySQL, PostgreSQL

DevOps Tools: Docker, Kubernetes, GitHub Actions

AI Integration: Chatbots, recommendation engines, and personalization tools

Current Trends in Web Development (2025)

AI-Powered Websites Intelligent websites that learn from user behavior and offer personalized experiences.

Progressive Web Apps (PWA) Apps that work offline and provide app-like experiences in a browser.

Voice Search Optimization Websites optimized for voice commands and search queries.

Motion UI & Microinteractions Smooth animations and subtle interactive elements that enhance UX.

Serverless Architecture Developers can build and deploy without managing infrastructure.

How to Get Started with Web Development

Learn the Basics: Start with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

Pick a Specialization: Frontend, backend, or full-stack.

Practice Projects: Build your portfolio with real-world examples.

Use Online Resources: Platforms like FreeCodeCamp, W3Schools, and Udemy.

Stay Updated: Follow blogs, join communities, and learn continuously.

Conclusion

Web development is an ever-growing field with endless possibilities. Whether you're building a personal blog, an e-commerce store, or a SaaS platform, mastering web development gives you the tools to create impactful digital experiences. As we move deeper into 2025, embracing new technologies and trends will be key to staying competitive and innovative.

If you'd like a version tailored to a specific audience (e.g., beginners, small businesses, or developers), or focused on a particular area (like frontend or e-commerce development), I can customize it for you!

4o

[gsm-06]

Which language is the future of web development?

The future of web development likely won't be dominated by a single language but rather a combination of several technologies, each excelling in different areas. However, some languages and frameworks are poised to be particularly influential:

JavaScript (and TypeScript):

JavaScript continues to be the cornerstone of web development, especially for front-end development. It's the only language that runs natively in the browser.

TypeScript, a superset of JavaScript, is gaining popularity for its strong typing and other features that enhance JavaScript's scalability and maintainability.

Python:

Python's simplicity and readability make it a popular choice for backend development. Frameworks like Django and Flask are widely used for building web applications.

Rust:

Rust is emerging as a powerful language for web development due to its performance and safety. Projects like WebAssembly (Wasm) and frameworks like Rocket are increasing Rust's relevance in the web development space.

Go:

Go (or Golang) is known for its efficiency and performance, particularly in handling concurrent tasks. It's used by companies like Google for building scalable web services.

Java:

Java remains a strong player for enterprise-level backend development. Frameworks like Spring continue to be widely used.

Kotlin:

Kotlin is gaining traction as an alternative to Java, especially for Android development, and it's starting to be used more for backend development as well.

PHP:

Despite being one of the older languages, PHP is still heavily used, particularly with content management systems like WordPress and frameworks like Laravel.

Ruby:

Ruby, with its framework Ruby on Rails, remains a strong choice for rapid application development and startups.

Trends and Technologies:

WebAssembly (Wasm): This binary instruction format allows code written in different languages (like Rust, C++, and Go) to run on the web at near-native speed.

Single Page Applications (SPAs): Frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue.js are leading the way in creating more dynamic and responsive user experiences.

Static Site Generators: Tools like Gatsby (React-based) and Next.js (also React-based) are simplifying the process of building static websites with dynamic content.

 Serverless Architecture: Services like AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions, and Azure Functions are making it easier to build and deploy scalable web applications without managing server infrastructure.

The future of web development will likely be shaped by how these languages and technologies evolve and how well they integrate with each other to meet the demands of developers and users.

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[jph0]

Which language is the future of web development?

The future of web development likely won't be dominated by a single language but rather a combination of several technologies, each excelling in different areas. However, some languages and frameworks are poised to be particularly influential:

JavaScript (and TypeScript):

JavaScript continues to be the cornerstone of web development, especially for front-end development. It's the only language that runs natively in the browser.

TypeScript, a superset of JavaScript, is gaining popularity for its strong typing and other features that enhance JavaScript's scalability and maintainability.

Python:

Python's simplicity and readability make it a popular choice for backend development. Frameworks like Django and Flask are widely used for building web applications.

Rust:

Rust is emerging as a powerful language for web development due to its performance and safety. Projects like WebAssembly (Wasm) and frameworks like Rocket are increasing Rust's relevance in the web development space.

Go:

Go (or Golang) is known for its efficiency and performance, particularly in handling concurrent tasks. It's used by companies like Google for building scalable web services.

Java:

Java remains a strong player for enterprise-level backend development. Frameworks like Spring continue to be widely used.

Kotlin:

Kotlin is gaining traction as an alternative to Java, especially for Android development, and it's starting to be used more for backend development as well.

PHP:

Despite being one of the older languages, PHP is still heavily used, particularly with content management systems like WordPress and frameworks like Laravel.

Ruby:

Ruby, with its framework Ruby on Rails, remains a strong choice for rapid application development and startups.

Trends and Technologies:

WebAssembly (Wasm): This binary instruction format allows code written in different languages (like Rust, C++, and Go) to run on the web at near-native speed.

Single Page Applications (SPAs): Frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue.js are leading the way in creating more dynamic and responsive user experiences.

Static Site Generators: Tools like Gatsby (React-based) and Next.js (also React-based) are simplifying the process of building static websites with dynamic content.

Serverless Architecture: Services like AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions, and Azure Functions are making it easier to build and deploy scalable web applications without managing server infrastructure.

The future of web development will likely be shaped by how these languages and technologies evolve and how well they integrate with each other to meet the demands of developers and users.

Full stack development course in chennai

Web developer course in chennai

Full stack training course in chennai

[pinercam]

Teacode technologies

TEACODE TECHNOLOGIES FULL

TEACODE TECHNOLOGIES REGISTRATION

TEACODE TECHNOLOGIES SOFTWARE

TEACODE TECHNOLOGIES CODE

Its Registered Address and Contact Email are 'A/221 MONALISA RESIDENCY VILLAGE VADODARA VODODARA Vadodara GJ 390011 IN' and respectively.

TEACODE TECHNOLOGIES REGISTRATION

They are: Hiren Buhecha and Alpeshkumar Kanaiyalal Prajapati.Īs per the records of Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), Teacode Technologies Private Limited's last Annual General Meeting (AGM) was held on Oct 30, 2019, and the date of lastest Balance Sheet is Mar 31, 2019.Ĭorporate Identification Number (CIN) of Teacode Technologies Private Limited is U72200GJ2018PTC101974 and its Registration Number is 101974. There are 2 Directors associated with Teacode Technologies Private Limited. It is a Non-govt company with an Authorized Capital of ₹ 50,000 (Fifty Thousand Indian Rupees) and Paid Up Capital of ₹ 50,000 (Fifty Thousand Indian Rupees). It is registered with Registrar of Companies, Ahmedabad on Apr 23, 2018.Ĭurrent Status of Teacode Technologies Private Limited is Active.

TEACODE TECHNOLOGIES CODE

Bartek : As a developer I like to learn every day in my work, in TeaCode I can do it thanks to interesting projects and challenges, but also great code review policy, strong team cooperation and many knowledge sharing events and initiatives.TEACODE TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATE LIMITED is a Private Company limited by Shares.

Thanks to that we create an app not just a separate section. Every person on the project knows what the frontend and backend looks like and how it works.

TEACODE TECHNOLOGIES FULL

Matt : Our great value is that we work on our projects in a full stack way. What did you find most impressive about them They helped me choose the right technology stack and kept very up-to-date with project management tools.

Tech stack : React, React Native, Gatsby, MaterialUI, React Query, React Native Geolocation, AWS (Lambda Functions, DynamoDB, AppSync).

Project 2 : A British app encouraging children to have fun on a fresh air.

Tech stack : React Native, AWS (Amplify : Cognito, S3, Lambda, AppsSync, DynamoDB), Firebase Services, admin panel : Next.

Project 1 : A Californian startup for social media travel industry.

Methodology : Scrum - two week sprints, daily meetings, retro / planning session.

Playwright, Cypress, Jest, TypeScript, React Native Detox, Appium, Testrail, Mocha, K6.

Slack, Github / Gitlab, Asana, Clickup, Jira, Figma, Notion, Confluence, Sentry, Miro, Toggl, Google Workspace.

Node.js, AWS, Amplify, Nest.js, Express, Fastify, MongoDB, Postgresql, TypeScript, Cloudformation, Firebase, Elasticsearch, Serverless.

TypeScript, React (Functional Components, Hooks, Context API), Styled components, Next.js, Redux, Storybook, Webpack, Babel, Prettier, Eslint, GitHub Actions, GitLab, React Native.

technical interview with our developers.

recruitment task - we do our best to make it a real life case.

entry interview with Joanna - our Talent Acquisition Specialist.

What does the recruitment process look like?

last but not least we work together, we party together.

the office full of sweet and spicy snacks but also fresh fruits and vegetables.

table football - we take those gameplays very seriously.

We have monthly meetings that summarise our achievements, allow us to talk in-depth about some of the projects and set our priorities for the upcoming month

active participation in the life of TeaCode - we share our success stories as well as learn from each other's mistakes.

We are looking for experienced developers and freshers also for PHP and who have clear concept of.

workstation equipment (MacBook Pros, additional screen) Teacode Technology is hiring PHP developers with expertise in PHP, Laravel, Codeigniter etc.

technical university degree (preferably IT related faculty).

speaking and writing in English on a very good level (B2).

at least 3 years of experience on both frontend and backend side using React.js and Node.js.

we have clients from all over the world is a Information Technology And Services company and has headquarters in Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

we work on one programming language JavaScript (React.js on the frontend side and Node.js on the backend side).

TEACODE TECHNOLOGIES SOFTWARE

we are a software house based in Warsaw.That will serve as an UI framework with its own database. We are working on an internal tool for a client from the cryptocurrency industry.

[globalteachonline]

What you'll learn Event Driven Architecture with Apache KafkaMultiple Database ConnectionsInternal Http RequestsRun Docker with multiple networksCreate Custom Laravel QueuesCreate Custom Composer PackagesImport Data from multiple databasesUse KubernetesDeploy to Google Cloud PlatformWelcome to Laravel and Kafka: Breaking a Monolith to Microservices Course - the course that will take your Laravel development skills to the next level.Here are some interesting facts:The average Laravel developer salary in the US is $92,285However:The average Kafka developer salary in the US is $97,500The average Microservices developer salary in the US is $134,546This means if you are a Laravel developer you have the potential to increase your salary by up to 40% just by purchasing this course! How this course worksThis course will start with a pre-built monolith, the building of the starting app won't be covered in this course. So in this course, you will start immediately with Microservices Architecture, this course is intended for people that have a solid understanding of Laravel and want to learn in a short amount of time more advanced concepts. I am very clear and precise in my way of teaching so this course won't have unnecessary explanations on my part, I will explain what is needed when it is needed. If you are interested in learning how the Monolith is created you can check my other courses:Angular Material, Universal & Laravel: A Rapid GuideReact, Next.js and Laravel: A Rapid Guide - AdvancedVue 3, Nuxt.js and Laravel: A Rapid Guide - AdvancedIn those courses, you will learn how to build a SPA with your favorite frontend framework. What you will learn in this courseIn this course, you will start with a pre-built monolith and you will learn:What is the Microservices ArchitectureHow to Configure Kafka with PHPInternal Http RequestsHow to make a Microservice only for Authentication PurposesRun Docker with multiple networksProduce Kafka Events to multiple topicsCreate Custom Laravel QueuesCreate Custom Composer PackagesImport Data from multiple databases About MeI'm a FullStack Developer with 10+ years of experience. I'm obsessed with clean code and I try my best that my courses have the cleanest code possible. My teaching style is very straightforward, I will not waste too much time explaining all the ways you can create something or other unnecessary information to increase the length of my lectures. If you want to learn things rapidly then this course is for you. If you have any coding problems I will offer my support within 12 hours when you post the question. I'm very active when trying to help my students. So what are you waiting for, give this course a try and you won't get disappointed.Who this course is for:Laravel developers curious about the Microservices Architecture

[laravelreactjs]

React, Next.js and Laravel: A Fast E-book - Evolved

React, Next.js and Laravel: A Fast E-book – Evolved

 Get The Course   Mark: $119.99 Look for methods to make an Ambassador App using React, Next.js and Laravel. We are in a position to make 3 frontend apps Admin, Ambassador and Checkout and they are going to spend a large Laravel API. In Laravel you will learn:  Tips about how to make API’s with Laravel Authenticate using Laravel Sanctum Laravel Json Sources Install and exhaust…

[laravelvuejs]

React, Next.js and Laravel: A Practical Guide

React, Next.js and Laravel: A Practical Guide

 Buy Now   Price: $119.99 Learn how to create 3 different apps with React, Next.js and Laravel. The first app will be an Admin app using React with classes. The second app will be an Influencer app using React Hooks. The third app will be the Checkout using Next.js. In Laravel you will Learn:  Authenticate using Laravel Passport Laravel API Resources Install and use Docker Upload…

[holytheoristtastemaker]

The best part of any idea is when it's fresh and new, and you don't yet know the limitations and restrictions.  It can be almost magical!  Oh, the customers you'll help and the money you'll make!  All you have to do first is... write a lot of code.

How much code?  Well, obviously that depends on your idea and what business you're planning on setting up.  But there's a huge amount of code you'll need and want for any SaaS business, and a lot of it you'll have to write before you can write even line one of your business logic.

Where did I come by this list?  Well, I've spent quite a few years working on SaaS businesses at a variety of stages of maturity, and I keep my ear to the ground by listening to good SaaS podcasts. I noticed that there are a lot of common tasks necessary to launch a new SaaS product, and I decided to help fix that problem by taking it all and packing it into a SaaS starter kit to help cut down on the code you need to write (and the time you need to spend) to launch your business.

Let's explore that huge list of code.

Stuff You're Gonna Need

The basics

Okay, first you're gonna need something to start from.  Unless you plan on writing everything from scratch, you'll need to set up some common frameworks to enable a modern web app to run.  On the front-end, that's something like:

A bundler/build system.  Examples: Webpack, Parcel, Gulp, Grunt.

Babel, if you want to use modern JavaScript features on older browsers.

A UI library.  Examples: React, Vue, Angular, Elm.

A CSS framework.  Examples: Bootstrap, TailwindCSS, Semantic, Bulma.

An HTTP requests library, if your framework doesn't come with one.  Examples: Superagent, Axios, got.

A testing library.  Examples: Jest, Mocha, Jasmine, Ava.

Getting all these various tools set up to work together will take some time as well.  Just searching "configuring webpack for X" reveals a minefield of blog posts written for various versions of webpack and X.  Some will help, some won't, and sometimes only experimentation will reveal which is which.

Thankfully, there are tools that make a lot of this easier.  Next.js for React and Nuxt.js for Vue are just two examples, but there are many flavours of UI frameworks that can significantly reduce the setup time for the above.  Of course, now you have to learn how your UI framework works as well as your UI library, but generally that trade-off is worthwhile.

Moving on to the back-end, you're going to want a web framework.  This will largely depend on the language you're working with, but you have plenty to choose from:

Node.js: Fastify, Koa, and Express.

PHP: Laravel, Symfony, and CakePHP.

Python: Django, Pylons, and Zope.

Go: Gin, Beego, Martini.

Ruby: Sinatra, Hanami, and of course Rails.

This list is by no means extensive - just tracking down all the available frameworks for a single language would be an article in it's own.  But it does display the variety of choices available.  Each language and framework has its own capabilities and trade-offs, and that's something you'll have to take into account before you make your choice.  (Or after!  It's just harder to change your mind at that point.)

Development build system

Actually, let's take a step back for a second.  Sure, those are the basics, but you still need someplace to run all that code, and in a way that speeds up your evaluation of code changes.

You could run everything on your local machine, but that's rarely ideal.  For starters, your local environment is highly unlikely to resemble your production environment, and you don't want seemingly-minor differences causing problems when you deploy.  Plus, it's very hard (comparatively) to automate local environment setup, so adding anyone else to the project is bound to cause conflict, especially if they want to use an entirely different OS from you.

You have a lot of options for this, but the two easiest/most-common are:

1) Use a Virtual Machine

Virtual Machines have the advantage of being very simple to understand and work with.  If you know how to navigate your own system, you'll know how to navigate a virtual one just fine.  They're easily automated with something like Ansible, and easy to use for development with something like Vagrant.  Plus, you'll likely only need to modify a bit of your Ansible scripts or variables to turn your development deploy script into a production deploy script.

But they can be a bit heavy, as they are emulating an entire other machine.  There are good solutions to this (enabling CPU optimizations, using AMIs or other machine images to reduce deploy time, etc), but there's also an alternative.

2) Use docker

Docker containers are crazy lightweight.  Essentially, they just run the bits of the system required to run your code, as dictated by you.  Plus, a great many CI systems accept dockerfiles as input to automatically run tests and deploys of your code.  A well-built docker setup is a thing of beauty.

However, docker can be a bit confusing.  It requires learning a different mindset and tooling from working directly on a machine or virtual machine, and can lead you naturally towards more-complex solutions where a simpler one would otherwise work better for your use case.  (Hello, microservices!)

Reducing your development cycle time with watchers

A small thing that can save you a lot of time is setting watchers on your code.  These are programs that keep an eye out for changes in your code, then re-compile and restart servers so that the latest version of your code is always running when you refresh your browser.  Many of the tools you'll use will come with built-in watchers (webpack, for example), but for others, you'll need to install your own (nodemon to watch your Node.js server).

And like with anything else, there's configuration you have to do to make sure that each watcher is only watching the correct directories, that files are shared between your host system and VM/docker container in a fast method that won't trip up your watchers, etc.

Application template & UI architecture

With any luck, you'll have a design already to work with, but you still need to translate that design into an application template and common UI components and architecture.  A good CSS framework can really help here, allowing you to set up common colours and sizes that you can use across the entire project, and using component-based development can allow you to, say, create a TextInput element once, then use it across your project multiple times.  You'll also need to set up some form of menu infrastructure that allows you to enable/disable or hide/show certain menus based on user access or page location.

Logging

Proper logging can give you more and more-useful information than a slapdash setup can.  You'll want to log requests and request data, useful checkpoint information, and the usual stuff - errors, stack traces, etc.  But you also want to make sure not to log too much.  For example, you'll obviously want to omit passwords, but you should also in general omit headers, especially headers containing authentication tokens, for obvious security reasons.

Database migrations

Database schemas are part of your app as well, and that means they need to be represented as code somewhere and checked into version control.  Manually updating your production database to match your development database is amateur-hour.

So in addition to your back-end frameworks and your front-end frameworks, you'll need a database migration framework, and you'll need to write migrations for it.

Users

Users are the fundamental primitive of a SaaS application, and there's a common set of interactions you'll require: sign-up, login, logout, edit profile, etc.  But sitting underneath all that is a bit of a contentious topic: user authentication.

There are a bunch of ways to do user authentication, but most of them are wrong and will end up leaving you with security vulnerabilities.  JWTs are popular and can be secured, but you need to follow some best practices:

Don't store JWTs in localStorage, since any JS that runs on your page can access them, and if you get hit with a cross-site scripting attack, they can export your tokens en masse.

Store JWTs in secure, HTTPS-only cookies.

Include a global version code in your JWTs so that you can instantly invalidate all JWTs every issued.

Include a user version code in your JWTs so that a user can instantly invalidate all JWTs ever issued for them specifically.  This is useful to include a "log out all devices" option for users who may have lost a device or had their account compromised.

Send a Cross-Site Request Forgery token with every request as a javascript-injected header, and make sure that token matches one you've stored for the user on login.

You'll notice a lot of these practices are "in case of a security breach", and you'd hope that if you did everything correctly, they'd be unnecessary.  However, that's a fantasy and should be treated as such.  No site is 100% secure and bug-free, and yours won't be either.  Instead, you need to work in layers, so that if any one layer of security fails, there are still other layers and countermeasures in place.

Form validation

When users sign up, log in, and really all throughout your app, they'll be filling out and submitting forms.  These forms will need to be validated for the appropriate data, preferably on both the front-end (before the data is sent to the server, to provide the best experience to the user) and the back-end (to ensure no junk data is saved to the database).  If your back-end isn't in JavaScript, you'll need validation libraries for both languages that have the same semantics.

Transactional email

Transactional email is the email you send when certain events happen for your users.  These can be lifecycle events, like welcome emails, "trial about to expire" emails, etc, or service-related emails like email address confirmation emails, password reset emails, notifications about your service, etc.

You'll need to find and configure a decent mailer module, and usually perform some DNS configuration at your mail service host's instruction.  Some mailer modules will come with template capabilities built-in, while others will leave you to install your own.

Subscriptions/Payments

Getting paid is why most people are going to start a SaaS in the first place, so processing payments and subscriptions is mightily important.  Choosing and setting up an account with a payments provider is up to individual preference, but Stripe offers probably the best API and developer experience out there, while PayPal is usually the most-requested provider of choice from users.  It's likely that you'll want to offer multiple ways to pay through multiple providers, just to ensure that no potential customer is left behind.

If you offer subscriptions, you'll want to allow users to choose between a monthly billing cycle and an annual one.  Annual billing is a great way for dedicated users to save money, while also offering you the benefits of higher LTV and getting you the money up-front, increasing your liquidity.

If you have multiple levels of plans, you'll need to implement the ability for users to change between those levels, usually offering a prorated fee for the month of transition.

Though it's definitely not the "happy path", you'll need to offer users the ability to cancel subscriptions.  You shouldn't add extra friction to this, since some users will just be cancelling temporarily, and you want to leave a good impression on them, but it's important to try to capture the reason they're leaving, so you can improve your service.

Production deploy system

Once you've fully-developed your fancy new SaaS, you're going to need to put it up on the web for people to interact with, and for that, you're going to need a deploy system.  Even if that system is largely manual, you're going to want defined, repeatable, documented steps that ensure that deploys go off without incident.

You're going to want to cover the following bases, at a minimum:

Ensure server is reachable

Ensure server is set up correctly (correct runtime libraries installed, etc.)

Update code

Run DB migrations

Ensure front-end UI code is not cached in user's browser (update ETags, etc)

There are a whole lot more things you can do to ensure a safe and clean deploy, but this list is at least a good starting place.

Production backups

Much like how we discussed security in layers above, backups of production data are another layer of defence in case something goes wrong.  If you're still using manual processes to alter user data, it can be very easy for a slip of the keys to accidentally alter or delete the wrong user's data.  And if you're using automated processes, it's usually a lot harder to make those simple mistakes, but more complex mistakes can make it very easy to edit or delete huge swathes of user data.  Proper backups will one day save your bacon, bet on it.

What makes a proper backup, then?  That's a whole topic on its own, but you should start with:

Complete: Don't just backup the database - if the user uploads files, those should be backed up as well.

Regular: Backups should happen on a schedule, ideally daily or more, for more-volatile data.

Retained: You'll want to keep your backups around for a while, though you might want to set up a schedule for longer-retained backups.  (i.e. Daily backups retained for 30 days, weekly backups retained for 3 months, monthly backups retained for 1 year.)

Secure: Your backups should be kept with the same level of security as your data.  If your data is encrypted at rest, your backups should be as well.  Make sure to keep your encryption keys secure.  If you lose those keys, you lose the backup.

Tested: A backup that hasn't been tested is not a backup.  You don't want to find out that your backup process doesn't work (or stopped working) when you need to restore critical data.  There should be an automated test process that runs after backups are created.

If you're lucky, your hosting platform will offer some level of database backup as a service, which will save you a lot of time and effort setting up.  It likely won't cover 100% of your needs, but it will get you a lot closer than starting from scratch.

Stuff You're Gonna Want

Okay!  That'll get you off the ground, but once you start seeing any success at all, you're going to start wanting something a little more... robust.  Eventually, manually editing the database is going to get tedious (not to mention dangerous), and users will start asking the same questions over and over.  You're going to have to slow down on development related to your core business and implement a bunch more supporting features.

Admin console

You can edit and delete users directly from the database, sure, but all it takes is one time forgetting to add a WHERE or LIMIT clause to a statement to make you long for a proper administration console.  (And backups.  You set up backups, right?)

An admin console is also a great place for dashboards, user statistics, summaries, metrics, etc.  Your admin console can become your one-stop-shop for running your SaaS.

Documentation

Documentation can serve multiple purposes.  Primarily, it's for user education, but conveniently, this is user education you don't have to do manually.  Think about it like automated customer support - a user that answer their question from your documentation is a user that doesn't email you.

If your documentation is publicly available, it can also help users make purchasing decisions.  By answering questions about your service openly and up-front, you can let users more-easily determine if your service will work for them, as well as reassure them about your transparency.

Public documentation also helps with SEO, since your keywords will likely naturally come up frequently on your documentation pages.

Billing history

Once you have a sufficient number or sufficiently large customers, you'll likely start getting requests around tax time for their billing history.  Your payment system will keep track of payments for you, and many of them will be able to generate invoices from their web interface that you can send to customers who request it.

That might hold you for a while, but eventually, you'll want this functionality built into your system, so clients can self-serve, and your customer support team can focus on more-important issues.

Stuff That's Gonna Make Your Life A Lot Easier

Making the right decisions early on and as your service grows can have compounding benefits, but frequently, it's difficult to find time to devote to tasks that aren't seen as critical.  Still, if you can make the time to invest in them, it can pay off for you and your users as well.

Pause subscriptions & credit

Especially now, when people are trying to cut costs in both their lives and businesses, the ability to pause a subscription instead of cancel it outright can mean the difference between saving a customer and losing them.  Similarly, the ability to credit customers some free time or usage on your service can aid in retention, especially if something goes wrong and you want to make it up to them.

User ID obfuscation

When displaying publicly-visible auto-incrementing IDs (such as user IDs), it can be a good idea to obfuscate what that number actually is.  This prevents competitors and skittish customers from identifying how much usage your service has seen so far.  A great library for this is Hashids, which has many compatible implementations across many languages.

Limited number of development languages

The fewer languages your app uses, the less common code that you'll have to duplicate between the various services and projects you require.  Some are going to be unavoidable, such as JavaScript if you have a web app with any serious browser interactions, Swift for iOS, and Java/Kotlin for Android.  Web apps, however, offer a truly terrifying number of languages you can choose for server code: PHP, Ruby, JavaScript, Typescript, Go, Rust, Java, Python, Perl, Scala, Erlang, and even C# and C++.  In a microservices environment, it can be tempting to use a variety of languages for your different services, but that means redeveloping and maintaining common libraries for every new language you want to include.

In extreme situations, you can limit yourself to just one language, even across multiple disparate platforms.  JavaScript can do front-end and back-end web development, desktop development through Electron, and mobile development through Cordova.  There are definite trade-offs for going this route, but for a smaller studio, this opens up a multi-platform strategy on a limited budget.

Linters

Linters like ESLint, RuboCop, and Flake8 can make a marked improvement in your code.  They can catch stylistic errors long before they make it into production, and many stylistic errors are really just shortcomings of your chosen language, where hard-to-find bugs breed and propagate.

Monorepo

Monorepos are great!  They're especially great if you're just starting your SaaS, as they're far simpler than trying to work with multiple repositories when managing dependencies, figuring out code re-use, and ensuring that all the correct code is committed before deploys go out.

Everyone's situation is different, of course, and it may make sense in your case to go with multiple repositories, or even one day switch to such a strategy, but when you're starting out, you want to limit the complexity of your project as much as you can, and the monorepo strategy will definitely pay off in this regard.

User impersonation

Being able to log in as your users from your Admin Console can help immensely when trying to sort out customer service issues.  Instead of having several back-and-forth "what do you see now?" emails, you can just log in as them and find out.  There are a lot of things to consider when writing a user impersonation feature, however: Do you require special access to impersonate users?  Do you require the user's permission to impersonate them?  Are actions taken while impersonated logged?  Can you even take actions when impersonating, or view only?  How do you indicate that you are impersonating a user (vs. logged in under your own account)?

These aren't the only considerations, but ideally it's enough to make the point that there's a lot more to user impersonation than simply changing a token ID.

Improved production deployments

Once you start getting enough customers with sufficient expectations, you'll have to make modifications to your deploy process for increased reliability and flexibility:

Updating in-place won't work forever.  Eventually, switching to blue/green deploys or even something as simple as displaying a maintenance mode page while you update will be necessary to keep people from interacting with the system while performing significant changes.

If you have a complex SPA, you'll want to be able to inform users when you've made an update that requires reloading that code.  Tracking version numbers both in your UI code and on the server will allow you to pop up a notification, allowing the user to save their work and then reload.

Ideally, you should be using a bug tracking service.  If you also send your source maps to them when performing a deploy, they can provide even better error messages when UI errors occur.

Serving your UI JavaScript from your server is simple and easy, but users appreciate fast, and your job is to do the hard work so that users have a good time.  A relatively easy way to speed up your user's experience is to upload your UI JavaScript on release to a CDN.  This is a one-time change you need to make that pays dividends for your users going forwards.

You'll likely be manually checking that releases go as expected, but automated smoke tests that run on every deploy are a better way to catch issues that might otherwise slip by you when you're tired, distracted, or in a hurry.

What's the alternative?

If you don't want to start from an empty folder and write all this code yourself, you should consider using a SaaS starter kit, and it just so happens that you're reading the blog for one right now!  With Nodewood, you can get started writing business logic today, saving weeks or even months of development time.

Nodewood starts you off with a full working web app, with a Vue front-end and Express back-end, built entirely from JavaScript.  Form validation, testing, user authentication and management, subscription/billing are all built-in, alongside a sleek and customizable application theme with an easy-to-extend admin console.

[suzanneshannon]

STAR Apps: A New Generation of Front-End Tooling for Development Workflows

Product teams from AirBnb and New York Times to Shopify and Artsy (among many others) are converging on a new set of best practices and technologies for building the web apps that their businesses depend on. This trend reflects core principles and solve underlying problems that we may share, so it is worth digging deeper.

Some of that includes:

Visual consistency: Presented as a design system (not to be confused with a pattern library or style guide) often built with libraries like styled-components and tools like Storybook.

Internal consistency: Created with static typing tools like TypeScript.

Data manipulation: These work with GraphQL-speaking clients like Apollo.

Data representation: Displayed with a library for reusable components and behaviors, like React.

Naming things is hard, and our industry has struggled to name this new generation of tooling for web apps. The inimitable Orta Theroux calls it an Omakase; I slimmed it down and opted for a simpler backronym pulled from letters in the tooling outlined above: STAR (Design Systems, TypeScript, Apollo, and React).

STAR apps are not "yet another front-end stack." They involve additional opinions and constraints. As such, STAR apps aren’t necessarily easy, either. They have a learning curve. A solo developer may find STAR apps unnecessarily verbose because they front-load communication overhead. STAR apps are more about product team workflow than they are about any specific technology.

However, we find that companies upon companies are finding this stack to be a worthwhile investment. We should ask why.

Context: From LAMP to MEAN

The LAMP stack was identified in 1998 by Michael Kunze to describe the combination of Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP as predominant open source technologies to write a full web server. In this model, all rendering and logic was done on the server side, and the role of JavaScript was extremely limited. To this day, this is the most common website architecture due to the popularity of long established frameworks like WordPress, which powers 30% of the Internet.

In the ensuing 20 years, the growth of the web platform (JavaScript in particular), led to a evolution of the "front end" discipline, as a complement to "back end" server-side concerns. Through a combination of Atwood’s Law and Metcalfe’s predictions on the triumph of the web over native platforms, these efforts culminated in a re-imagining of the monolithic architecture to straddle both front and back ends. One prominent encapsulation of this was the MEAN stack, coined by Val Karpov in 2013, to offer "full-stack" JavaScript alternatives, including MongoDB (for NoSQL data storage), Express and Node (to write web servers), and Angular (for writing reactive user interfaces).

What’s changed

However, in the last five years, multiple trends have chipped away at the MEAN stack and the ideal of the full-stack JavaScript monolith:

Instead of every developer writing bespoke endpoints, APIs have become an economy of their own with companies like Stripe, Twilio and Zapier growing purely through the strength of their APIs.

The acquisition of Firebase and launch of AWS Lambda in 2014 — and the subsequent serverless revolution — has made the concept of doing your own undifferentiated server management and reliability engineering far less appealing.

As for proprietary backends, it was clear that not all backend environments were going to be written in JavaScript, particularly with the continuing strength other language frameworks, including Rails, Laravel and .NET, and emerging languages like Go. Even the creators of Express.js and Node.js wound up abandoning JavaScript development altogether.

This has meant that the product engineer’s stack and primary work has shifted even more toward the front end over what was envisioned by the MEAN stack. Chris has described this as a phenomenon that gives extraordinary powers to front-end developers because of the trend toward front-end tooling for what's traditionally been considered back-end territory. Front-end engineering has also evolved, mostly by incrementally adding a constraint layer on top of what we already use — adding a design philosophy, types, schemas, and component structure to how we make our apps.

Why all this change? Stop changing things!

The truth is that we now live in a world where product and business needs now have requirements to bring web app (including mobile web) engineering on par with Android, iOS, and desktop native app development, while our disparate web development tools are still woefully inadequate in comparison to those tightly scoped ecosystems. It’s not that there’s anything inherently wrong with older toolsets or that the new ones are perfect. Instead, the changes can be seen as responses to the underlying needs of product teams:

Stronger types: Type-checking isn’t a panacea, nor does it replace the need for tests, but it does enable better tooling and increase code confidence. TypeScript and GraphQL do this for clients and APIs, as Chris Toomey of thoughtbot has shown. Lauren Tan of Netflix has taken this idea even further to propose a full end-to-end Strongly Typed Graph.

Integrated designer/developer workflows: A reliance on manual code tests and design reviews doesn’t scale. Design systems now are comprehensive documentation on the how and why of reusable components across an organization. Brad Frost has shown how to set up "workshop" and "storefront" environments for a style guide and design system workflow using Gatsby. Design tools, like Sketch and Framer, have even begun to tightly integrate React and design into streamlined workflows. TypeScript and GraphQL both also offer tightly coupled self-documenting features with TSDoc, GraphiQL, and related IDE integrations.

Optimized for change: As product teams embrace iterative agile sprints and split testing, it is increasingly important to use flexible paradigms that embrace incremental adjustments. Dan Abramov of the React team calls this "second order" API design — robustness to changing requirements. Design Systems and React make it easy to compose reusable components at breakneck pace, with TypeScript dramatically shortening feedback loops. Adam Neary of Airbnb shows a wonderful example of refactoring and iterating with React and Apollo GraphQL in production.

Note that "product teams" in this article primarily refer to product engineering teams, though it is often the case that product design and product management are co-located or have heavy, frequent input. Engineering workflows must explicitly take them into account as a result.

Remaining frontiers

Believe it or not, I am being descriptive, rather than prescriptive; I’m not recommending that everybody throw out their code and start writing STAR apps. Rather, I am observing and calling out what I see as a trend where great product teams are all converging on this new pattern. And they just may be on to something.

However, I don’t believe the evolution has reached its conclusion. There are still too many important aspects of modern web app development that need broader consensus, which has resulted in a hodgepodge of custom or one-off solutions and checklists. A big one is performance. The average amount of JavaScript shipped on desktop and mobile has doubled in the last five years. All the wonderful web app engineering in the world will be for nothing if the user navigates away before it loads. The traditional solution has been (often hand-rolled) server-side rendering that's later managed by frameworks like Next.js and After.js. However, this does still require running and managing a server, so static rendering solutions like Gatsby and React-Static have become popular to render apps straight to static markup to be lazily rehydrated later (the last piece of the JAMstack). Progressive Web App technology and patterns help make subsequent loads even faster and serve as a viable alternative to native experiences.

To be continued...

As this story continues to unfold, I believe that a lot more exploration and experimentation needs to happen to smooth the learning curve for more teams to adopt STAR app workflows. In fact, I am learning about it myself in the open at STAR Labs and invite you to tag along. If you have experiences to share or questions to ask, I am all ears.

The post STAR Apps: A New Generation of Front-End Tooling for Development Workflows appeared first on CSS-Tricks.

STAR Apps: A New Generation of Front-End Tooling for Development Workflows published first on https://deskbysnafu.tumblr.com/

[siliconwebx]

STAR Apps: A New Generation of Front-End Tooling for Development Workflows

Product teams from AirBnb and New York Times to Shopify and Artsy (among many others) are converging on a new set of best practices and technologies for building the web apps that their businesses depend on. This trend reflects core principles and solve underlying problems that we may share, so it is worth digging deeper.

Some of that includes:

Visual consistency: Presented as a design system (not to be confused with a pattern library or style guide) often built with libraries like styled-components and tools like Storybook.

Internal consistency: Created with static typing tools like TypeScript.

Data manipulation: These work with GraphQL-speaking clients like Apollo.

Data representation: Displayed with a library for reusable components and behaviors, like React.

Naming things is hard, and our industry has struggled to name this new generation of tooling for web apps. The inimitable Orta Theroux calls it an Omakase; I slimmed it down and opted for a simpler backronym pulled from letters in the tooling outlined above: STAR (Design Systems, TypeScript, Apollo, and React).

STAR apps are not "yet another front-end stack." They involve additional opinions and constraints. As such, STAR apps aren’t necessarily easy, either. They have a learning curve. A solo developer may find STAR apps unnecessarily verbose because they front-load communication overhead. STAR apps are more about product team workflow than they are about any specific technology.

However, we find that companies upon companies are finding this stack to be a worthwhile investment. We should ask why.

Context: From LAMP to MEAN

The LAMP stack was identified in 1998 by Michael Kunze to describe the combination of Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP as predominant open source technologies to write a full web server. In this model, all rendering and logic was done on the server side, and the role of JavaScript was extremely limited. To this day, this is the most common website architecture due to the popularity of long established frameworks like WordPress, which powers 30% of the Internet.

In the ensuing 20 years, the growth of the web platform (JavaScript in particular), led to a evolution of the "front end" discipline, as a complement to "back end" server-side concerns. Through a combination of Atwood’s Law and Metcalfe’s predictions on the triumph of the web over native platforms, these efforts culminated in a re-imagining of the monolithic architecture to straddle both front and back ends. One prominent encapsulation of this was the MEAN stack, coined by Val Karpov in 2013, to offer "full-stack" JavaScript alternatives, including MongoDB (for NoSQL data storage), Express and Node (to write web servers), and Angular (for writing reactive user interfaces).

What’s changed

However, in the last five years, multiple trends have chipped away at the MEAN stack and the ideal of the full-stack JavaScript monolith:

Instead of every developer writing bespoke endpoints, APIs have become an economy of their own with companies like Stripe, Twilio and Zapier growing purely through the strength of their APIs.

The acquisition of Firebase and launch of AWS Lambda in 2014 — and the subsequent serverless revolution — has made the concept of doing your own undifferentiated server management and reliability engineering far less appealing.

As for proprietary backends, it was clear that not all backend environments were going to be written in JavaScript, particularly with the continuing strength other language frameworks, including Rails, Laravel and .NET, and emerging languages like Go. Even the creators of Express.js and Node.js wound up abandoning JavaScript development altogether.

This has meant that the product engineer’s stack and primary work has shifted even more toward the front end over what was envisioned by the MEAN stack. Chris has described this as a phenomenon that gives extraordinary powers to front-end developers because of the trend toward front-end tooling for what's traditionally been considered back-end territory. Front-end engineering has also evolved, mostly by incrementally adding a constraint layer on top of what we already use — adding a design philosophy, types, schemas, and component structure to how we make our apps.

Why all this change? Stop changing things!

The truth is that we now live in a world where product and business needs now have requirements to bring web app (including mobile web) engineering on par with Android, iOS, and desktop native app development, while our disparate web development tools are still woefully inadequate in comparison to those tightly scoped ecosystems. It’s not that there’s anything inherently wrong with older toolsets or that the new ones are perfect. Instead, the changes can be seen as responses to the underlying needs of product teams:

Stronger types: Type-checking isn’t a panacea, nor does it replace the need for tests, but it does enable better tooling and increase code confidence. TypeScript and GraphQL do this for clients and APIs, as Chris Toomey of thoughtbot has shown. Lauren Tan of Netflix has taken this idea even further to propose a full end-to-end Strongly Typed Graph.

Integrated designer/developer workflows: A reliance on manual code tests and design reviews doesn’t scale. Design systems now are comprehensive documentation on the how and why of reusable components across an organization. Brad Frost has shown how to set up "workshop" and "storefront" environments for a style guide and design system workflow using Gatsby. Design tools, like Sketch and Framer, have even begun to tightly integrate React and design into streamlined workflows. TypeScript and GraphQL both also offer tightly coupled self-documenting features with TSDoc, GraphiQL, and related IDE integrations.

Optimized for change: As product teams embrace iterative agile sprints and split testing, it is increasingly important to use flexible paradigms that embrace incremental adjustments. Dan Abramov of the React team calls this "second order" API design — robustness to changing requirements. Design Systems and React make it easy to compose reusable components at breakneck pace, with TypeScript dramatically shortening feedback loops. Adam Neary of Airbnb shows a wonderful example of refactoring and iterating with React and Apollo GraphQL in production.

Note that "product teams" in this article primarily refer to product engineering teams, though it is often the case that product design and product management are co-located or have heavy, frequent input. Engineering workflows must explicitly take them into account as a result.

Remaining frontiers

Believe it or not, I am being descriptive, rather than prescriptive; I’m not recommending that everybody throw out their code and start writing STAR apps. Rather, I am observing and calling out what I see as a trend where great product teams are all converging on this new pattern. And they just may be on to something.

However, I don’t believe the evolution has reached its conclusion. There are still too many important aspects of modern web app development that need broader consensus, which has resulted in a hodgepodge of custom or one-off solutions and checklists. A big one is performance. The average amount of JavaScript shipped on desktop and mobile has doubled in the last five years. All the wonderful web app engineering in the world will be for nothing if the user navigates away before it loads. The traditional solution has been (often hand-rolled) server-side rendering that's later managed by frameworks like Next.js and After.js. However, this does still require running and managing a server, so static rendering solutions like Gatsby and React-Static have become popular to render apps straight to static markup to be lazily rehydrated later (the last piece of the JAMstack). Progressive Web App technology and patterns help make subsequent loads even faster and serve as a viable alternative to native experiences.

To be continued...

As this story continues to unfold, I believe that a lot more exploration and experimentation needs to happen to smooth the learning curve for more teams to adopt STAR app workflows. In fact, I am learning about it myself in the open at STAR Labs and invite you to tag along. If you have experiences to share or questions to ask, I am all ears.

The post STAR Apps: A New Generation of Front-End Tooling for Development Workflows appeared first on CSS-Tricks.

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React and Laravel: Breaking a Monolith to Microservices

React and Laravel: Breaking a Monolith to Microservices

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