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maxmaggr · 5 years

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Παγκόσμια Ημέρα Ψυχικής Υγείας: Όταν η «ψυχή» ζει αρμονικά

Πηγή εικόνας: tumblr/ mental health Η δέκατη ημέρα του Οκτώβρη έχει ταυτιστεί με μια ιδιαίτερα σημαντική ημέρα: την Παγκόσμια Ημέρα Ψυχικής Υγείας. Σύμφωνα με τους ειδικούς, ο όρος ψυχική υγεία αφορά τη νοητική, τη συμπεριφορική/κοινωνική και τη συναισθηματική μας ευημερία. Ο όρος χρησιμοποιείται πολλές φορές, για να καταδείξει την έλλειψη διαταραχής, αλλά είναι πολλά περισσότερα από αυτό, καθώς επηρεάζει το πώς σκεφτόμαστε, πώς αισθανόμαστε και πώς δρούμε. Μπορεί να επηρεάσει την καθημερινότητα μας, τις σχέσεις μας, ακόμα και την υγεία μας. Ορισμένοι από τους πολλούς στόχους που θέτει αυτή η μέρα είναι η ευαισθητοποίηση, αλλά και η ενημέρωση της κοινής γνώμης για τα ψυχικά νοσήματα και την καταπολέμηση αυτών. Τα στατιστικά στοιχεία Σύμφωνα με έρευνα του World Health Organization το 2014, ένας στους έξι ενήλικες (περίπου το 25% των ανθρώπων), σε παγκόσμιο επίπεδο, βρίσκεται αντιμέτωπος με κάποιο πρόβλημα ψυχικής υγείας (όπως κρίση άγχους, κατάθλιψη, κ.ά) ενώ ένας στους πέντε ενήλικες έχει σκεφτεί να γίνει αυτόχειρας (το 43.2% έχει κάνει απόπειρα και το 35.5% έχει προβεί σε αυτοτραυματισμό). Ο αριθμός των ανθρώπων που πάσχουν από καταθλιπτική διαταραχή σημειώνεται πως ξεπερνά τα 154 εκατομμύρια παγκοσμίως και θεωρείται πως η κατάθλιψη, το 2020, θα αποτελεί την δεύτερη κύρια αιτία θανάτου. Οι πάσχοντες από σχιζοφρένεια ανέρχονται περίπου σε 25 εκατομμύρια άτομα, ενώ ακόμη 95 εκατομμύρια άνθρωποι υποφέρουν από διαταραχές που σχετίζονται με τον αλκοολισμό.

Πηγή εικόνας: tumblr/ mental health Ωστόσο, η εφηβική ηλικία είναι αυτή που αποτελεί μια ευαίσθητη τομή για την ψυχική υγεία, καθώς το 50% των ψυχικών διαταραχών ξεκινούν από την ηλικία των 14 ετών. Το φαινόμενο αυτό μπορεί ενδεχομένως να αποδοθεί τόσο στις συναισθηματικές, όσο και στις σωματικές αλλαγές που βιώνει για πρώτη φορά ο ευάλωτος έφηβος στην πορεία προς την ενηλικίωση του. H κατάθλιψη διακρίνεται ως η τρίτη κύρια ψυχική νόσος στους εφήβους, ενώ η αυτοκτονία είναι η δεύτερη αιτία θανάτου μεταξύ 15-29 ετών. Επιπρόσθετα, το κάπνισμα, τα ναρκωτικά και το αλκοόλ, τα οποία συνοδεύονται από παραπτωματική συμπεριφορά, απασχολούν επίσης τους ειδικούς, παράλληλα με τις διατροφικές διαταραχές. Στην Ελλάδα, κάθε χρόνο, 800.000 άνθρωποι προβαίνουν σε επιτυχημένη απόπειρα αυτοκτονίας με κύριο λόγο την κατάθλιψη. Το πιο αξιοσημείωτο, όμως, ζήτημα είναι πως το 28% των ανθρώπων που αντιμετωπίζουν ένα ψυχικό θέμα, περιμένουν περισσότερο από ένα χρόνο για να το πουν στους οικείους τους, ενώ υπάρχει και ένα 8.5% που δεν το αναφέρει τελικά ποτέ. Το στίγμα της ψυχικής ασθένειας Το φαινόμενο του στίγματος καταγράφηκε για πρώτη φορά το 1963 από τον κοινωνιολόγο Erving Goffman, ο οποίος όρισε το στίγμα ως «μια ανεπιθύμητη και δυσφημιστική ιδιότητα που αποδίδεται στο άτομο και του στερεί την πλήρη κοινωνική αποδοχή, αναγκάζοντάς το παράλληλα να αποκρύπτει την αιτία αυτής της αρνητικής αντιμετώπισης». Παρά τη μεγάλη εξέλιξη και την επιστημονική πρόοδο που βιώνουν οι σύγχρονες κοινωνίες, οι ψυχικές ασθένειες, από τις αγχώδεις διαταραχές μέχρι την σχιζοφρένεια, έχουν ταυτιστεί με την έννοια της «τρέλας». Ο εξορθολογισμός των αντιλήψεων, που πηγάζουν μέσα από την γνώση και την ενημέρωση, φαίνεται να μην μπορούν να εμποδίσουν τον κοινωνικό στιγματισμό που επέρχεται όταν κάποιος άνθρωπος φέρει συμπτώματα ή διαγνωστεί με κάποιου είδους ψυχική ασθένεια. Στις περισσότερες περιπτώσεις, τα άτομα που πάσχουν από κάποια ψυχική διαταραχή, αισθάνονται φόβο, ενοχή και ντροπή για την ασθένεια τους, έχουν χαμηλή αυτοεκτίμηση, αναπτύσσουν συμπλέγματα κατωτερότητας και τελικά αγνοούν ή διακόπτουν την θεραπεία τους. Το βάρος μιας επικριτικής κοινωνίας οδηγεί πολλές φορές τον ασθενή στην αυτοαπομόνωση, επηρεάζοντας τις κοινωνικές του συναναστροφές και δημιουργώντας μια μόνιμη τάση προς την απόκρυψη του προβλήματος υγείας του.

Πηγή εικόνας: tumblr / mental health Μπορεί, λοιπόν, να γίνει εύκολα αντιληπτό πως οι άνθρωποι που αντιμετωπίζουν μια ψυχική ασθένεια, καθώς και η οικογένεια-περίγυρος τους, καλούνται να αντιμετωπίσουν παράλληλα τα στερεότυπα, τις προκαταλήψεις και τις διακρίσεις που βασίζονται σε άκριτες γενικεύσεις και παραποιούν την πραγματικότητα ενός ψυχικά διαραταγμένου ανθρώπου. Ο φόβος του κοινωνικού στίγματος μπορεί να παρεμποδίσει τόσο την διάγνωση μιας ασθένειας, όσο και την αναζήτηση της κατάλληλης θεραπείας με την βοήθεια κάποιου ειδικού, γεγονός που προκαλεί συναισθηματική πίεση στο ίδιο το άτομο και το περιβάλλον του. Συνεπώς, η αντιμετώπιση του στίγματος κρίνεται ανάλογης σπουδαιότητας με εκείνη των ίδιων των ψυχικών διαταραχών. Αίτια και τρόποι διαχείρισης και αντιμετώπισης μιας ψυχικής ασθένειας Εξετάζοντας δύο θεωρίες, οι ψυχικές διαταραχές μπορεί να αποτελούν απόρροια κάποιας βιολογικής υπολειτουργίας του εγκεφάλου ή κάποιας τραυματικής εμπειρίας του ατόμου, κυρίως στην παιδική ηλικία. Για μια τρίτη θεωρία, η οποία θεωρείται τελικά και η πιο εμπεριστατωμένη, η ψυχική ασθένεια προέρχεται και εκδηλώνεται από τον συνδυασμό εμπειριών και βιολογικής δομής του ατόμου. To άτομο που ενδέχεται να πάσχει από κάποια ψυχική διαταραχή, αρχικά, έρχεται σε επαφή με κάποιο σύμπτωμα. Κάποια από αυτά μπορεί να είναι: προβλήματα επικοινωνίας με άλλους ανθρώπους, η αδυναμία στην συγκρότηση μιας λειτουργικής καθημερινότητας, η δυσκολία στην αντιμετώπιση ορισμένων συναισθηματικών ή μη καταστάσεων και άλλα πολλά. Η βαρύτητα του συμπτώματος καθορίζεται από την ίδια την λειτουργικότητα του ατόμου. Όταν, για παράδειγμα, ένα άτομο που αγχώνεται με τον πολύ κόσμο βιώνει ένα σύμπτωμα, παύει να βγαίνει έξω ή πανικοβάλλεται όταν συναναστρέφεται με πολύ κόσμο, τότε κλίνει προς την πλευρά της ψυχικής ασθένειας.

Πηγή εικόνας: tumblr/ mental disorder Ωστόσο, το κάθε σύμπτωμα δεν είναι καθοριστικό ή απόλυτο και για αυτόν ακριβώς τον λόγο δεν θα πρέπει να μας τρομάζει και να μας απομακρύνει από την αναζήτηση της προέλευσής του. Το άτομο χρειάζεται να αποδεχθεί την ύπαρξη του και έπειτα να απευθυνθεί σε έναν ειδικό. Οι επαγγελματίες ψυχικής υγείας είναι οι μόνοι άνθρωποι που μπορούν να συμβουλέψουν κατάλληλα και με ακρίβεια ένα ψυχικά ασθενές άτομο, να το καθοδηγήσουν ορθά και τελικά να καταφέρουν να του παρέχουν ουσιαστική βοήθεια, προσαρμοσμένη στις ανάγκες του. Οι τρόποι θεραπείας ποικίλλουν και διαφέρουν από άτομο σε άτομο. Μερικές από τις πιο συνηθισμένες είναι η ψυχοθεραπεία και η ψυχιατρική θεραπευτική αγωγή. Είναι σημαντικό να τονίσουμε πως ο κοινωνικός περίγυρος του ατόμου που πάσχει από κάποια ψυχική ασθένεια, χρειάζεται να είναι υποστηρικτικός και να δείχνει κατανόηση προς τον ασθενή, πριν ή κατά την διάρκεια της θεραπείας του. Η ίδια η κοινωνία κρίνεται απαραίτητο να αποβάλει το στίγμα με το οποίο καταδιώκει τους ψυχικά ασθενείς ανθρώπους και να θεμελιωθεί η κοινή αντίληψη πως η ψυχική υγεία είναι εξίσου σημαντική με την σωματική, καθώς και ότι δεν υπάρχει τίποτα λάθος στην αναζήτηση για βοήθεια. Είναι εξίσου απαραίτητο, τόσο οι ιδιωτικοί, όσο και οι κρατικοί φορείς, να εξετάσουν με συνέπεια τον τρόπο με τον οποίο μπορούν να βοηθήσουν τους ασθενείς, ενημερώνοντας και ευαισθητοποιώντας παράλληλα την υπόλοιπη κοινωνία.

Πηγή εικόνας: cwote.co Η ψυχική υγεία του κάθε ατόμου ξεχωριστά, αναμφίβολα, μπορεί να επιφέρει υγιέστερους κοινωνικούς δεσμούς, ανθρώπους που έχουν την ευκαιρία να ζουν αρμονικά, πιο λειτουργικά και με μεγαλύτερη ανεκτικότητα και ενσυναίσθηση. Χρειάζεται όλοι να κρατάμε την αντίληψη μας ανοιχτή απέναντι στον κοινωνικό μας περίγυρο και να αντιδρούμε με οξυδέρκεια και τρυφερότητα απέναντι σε ανθρώπους που αντιμετωπίζουν ��ποιοδήποτε πρόβλημα. Και το μόνο σίγουρο είναι ένα: η ψυχική υγεία μας αφορά, αληθινά, όλους. Aκολουθεί βίντεο με ομιλία του γιατρού Jeffrey Lieberman σχετικά με το στίγμα της ψυχικής ασθένειας. Πηγές Ποια είναι η αιτία των ψυχικών διαταραχών, ανακτήθηκε από www.truepsychotherapy.gr/ψυχικές-διαταραχές/ψυχικές-διαταραχές-αιτίες/, τελευταία πρόσβαση 9/10/19 Παγκόσμια Ημέρα Ψυχικής Υγείας- 10 Οκτωβρίου, ανακτήθηκε από www.psychografimata.com/παγκόσμια-ημέρα-ψυχικής-υγείας-2018-10-οκτ/, τελευταία πρόσβαση 9/10/19 Ψυχολογικά συμπτώματα: πότε υποδηλώνουν ψυχική ασθένεια. ανακτήθηκε από www.psychografimata.com/ψυχολογικά-συμπτώματα-πότε-υποδηλών/, τελευταία πρόσβαση 9/10/19 Ας γνωριστούμε: τι είναι η ψυχική υγεία, ανακτήθηκε από longreads.news247.gr/psyxikiygeia, τελευταία πρόσβαση 9/10/19 ΕΡΕΥΝΑ: Στοιχεία για τις ψυχικές ασθένειες στην Ελλάδα και τον κόσμο, ανακτήθηκε από www.alfavita.gr/epistimi/270408_ereyna-stoiheia-gia-tis-psyhikes-astheneies-stin-ellada-kai-ton-kosmo, τελευταία πρόσβαση 9/10/19 Το στίγμα της ψυχικής διαταραχής, ανακτήθηκε από www.psyxiatros.gr/το-στιγμα-τησ-ψυχικησ-διαταραχησ/, τελευταία πρόσβαση 9/10/19 Ψυχική ασθένεια και στίγμα: η 'άλλη μάχη' των οικογενειών, ανακτήθηκε από www.news247.gr/ygeia/psychiki-astheneia-kai-stigma-h-alli-machi-ton-oikogeneion.6521263.html, τελευταία πρόσβαση 9/10/19 Ψυχική ασθένεια, ανακτήθηκε από el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ψυχική_ασθένεια, τελευταία πρόσβαση 9/10/19 Read the full article

#ΠαγκόσμιαΗμέραΨυχικήςΥγείας #ψυχικέςασθένειες #ψυχικέςδιαταραχές #ψυχικήυγεία

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maxmaggreece · 5 years

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Παγκόσμια Ημέρα Ψυχικής Υγείας: Όταν η «ψυχή» ζει αρμονικά

Πηγή εικόνας: cwote.co Η ψυχική υγεία του κάθε ατόμου ξεχωριστά, αναμφίβολα, μπορεί να επιφέρει υγιέστερους κοινωνικούς δεσμούς, ανθρώπους που έχουν την ευκαιρία να ζουν αρμονικά, πιο λειτουργικά και με μεγαλύτερη ανεκτικότητα και ενσυναίσθηση. Χρειάζεται όλοι να κρατάμε την αντίληψη μας ανοιχτή απέναντι στον κοινωνικό μας περίγυρο και να αντιδρούμε με οξυδέρκεια και τρυφερότητα απέναντι σε ανθρώπους που αντιμετωπίζουν οποιοδήποτε πρόβλημα. Και το μόνο σίγουρο είναι ένα: η ψυχική υγεία μας αφορά, αληθινά, όλους. Aκολουθεί βίντεο με ομιλία του γιατρού Jeffrey Lieberman σχετικά με το στίγμα της ψυχικής ασθένειας. Πηγές Ποια είναι η αιτία των ψυχικών διαταραχών, ανακτήθηκε από www.truepsychotherapy.gr/ψυχικές-διαταραχές/ψυχικές-διαταραχές-αιτίες/, τελευταία πρόσβαση 9/10/19 Παγκόσμια Ημέρα Ψυχικής Υγείας- 10 Οκτωβρίου, ανακτήθηκε από www.psychografimata.com/παγκόσμια-ημέρα-ψυχικής-υγείας-2018-10-οκτ/, τελευταία πρόσβαση 9/10/19 Ψυχολογικά συμπτώματα: πότε υποδηλώνουν ψυχική ασθένεια. ανακτήθηκε από www.psychografimata.com/ψυχολογικά-συμπτώματα-πότε-υποδηλών/, τελευταία πρόσβαση 9/10/19 Ας γνωριστούμε: τι είναι η ψυχική υγεία, ανακτήθηκε από longreads.news247.gr/psyxikiygeia, τελευταία πρόσβαση 9/10/19 ΕΡΕΥΝΑ: Στοιχεία για τις ψυχικές ασθένειες στην Ελλάδα και τον κόσμο, ανακτήθηκε από www.alfavita.gr/epistimi/270408_ereyna-stoiheia-gia-tis-psyhikes-astheneies-stin-ellada-kai-ton-kosmo, τελευταία πρόσβαση 9/10/19 Το στίγμα της ψυχικής διαταραχής, ανακτήθηκε από www.psyxiatros.gr/το-στιγμα-τησ-ψυχικησ-διαταραχησ/, τελευταία πρόσβαση 9/10/19 Ψυχική ασθένεια και στίγμα: η 'άλλη μάχη' των οικογενειών, ανακτήθηκε από www.news247.gr/ygeia/psychiki-astheneia-kai-stigma-h-alli-machi-ton-oikogeneion.6521263.html, τελευταία πρόσβαση 9/10/19 Ψυχική ασθένεια, ανακτήθηκε από el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ψυχική_ασθένεια, τελευταία πρόσβαση 9/10/19 Read the full article

#ΠαγκόσμιαΗμέραΨυχικήςΥγείας #ψυχικέςασθένειες #ψυχικέςδιαταραχές #ψυχικήυγεία

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meubloglgbtqiamais · 5 years

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Bibliografia básica sobre homossexualidade

A respeito da comunidade LGBT, segue uma lista com bibliografias de obras relacionadas ao tema encontrados no Blog Luiz Mott. A proposta do responsável é divulgar artigos científicos, bibliografias sobre a homossexualidade, Direitos Humanos, entre outras fontes de informações. A lista está divida por 5 tópicos indo do geral para específicos, e e nas quais estão organizadas obras em ordem alfabética. Também está disponível uma lista bibliográfica de livros escritos por ele sobre Homossexualidade e Aids (1984-2002), seguindo uma ordem cronológica de publicações.

1. Geral

BURR, Chandler. Criação em separado: como a Biologia nos faz homo ou hetero. Trad. Ary Quintella. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 1998. CORRAZE, Jacques. L’homosexualité. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982. (Que sais-je?) CORY, Donald W. El homosexual en NorteAmerica. Trad. Alfredo S. Luna. México: Compañía General de Ediciones, 1951. COSTA, Jurandir F. A inocência e o vício: estudos sobre o homoerotismo. Rio de Janeiro: Relume Dumará, 1992. ___. A face e o verso: estudos sobre o homoerotismo II. São Paulo: Escuta, 1995. (O sexto lobo, clínica do social) COUTO, Edvaldo Souza. Transexualidade: o corpo em mutação. Salvador: Ed. Grupo Gay da Bahia, 1999. (Gaia Ciência) DAGNESE, Napoleão. Cidadania no armário: uma abordagem sócio-jurídica acerca da homossexualidade. São Paulo: LTR, 2000. DALLAYRAC, Dominique. Dossier homosexualité. Paris: Robert Lafont, 1968. DIAS, Maria Berenice. União homossexual: o preconceito e a Justiça. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado Editora, 2000. DOVER, K. J. A homossexualidade na Grécia Antiga. Trad. Luís S. Krausz. São Paulo: Nova Alexandria, 1994. FOUCAULT, Michel. História da sexualidade: a vontade de saber. Vol. I. Trad. Maria Thereza da Costa Albuquerque e J. A. Guilhon Albuquerque. 9. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Graal, 1988. ___. História da sexualidade: o uso dos prazeres. Vol. II. Trad. Maria Thereza da Costa Albuquerque. 5. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Graal, 1984. ___. História da sexualidade: o cuidado de si. Vol. III. Trad. Maria Thereza da Costa Albuquerque. 3. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Graal, 1985. FRY, Peter, MACRAE, Edward. O que é homossexualidade. São Paulo: Abril Cultural/Brasiliense, 1985. (Primeiros Passos) HART, John, RICHARDSON, Diane (orgs.). Teoria e prática da homossexualidade. Trad. Vera Ribeiro. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, s.d. (Psyche) HAUSER, Richard. La società omosessuale. Trad. Ugo Carrega. Milano: Longanesi, 1965. HELMINIAK, Daniel A. O que a Bíblia realmente diz sobre a homossexualidade. Trad. Eduardo T. Nunes. São Paulo: Summus, 1998. HOCQUENGHEM, Guy. A contestação homossexual. Trad. Carlos Eugênio M. de Moura. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1980. HOPCKE, Robert H. Jung, junguianos e a homossexualidade. Trad. Cássia Rocha. São Paulo: Siciliano, 1993. LAMBERT, Royston. Pederastia na Idade Imperial. Sobre o amor de Adriano e Antínoo.Trad. Jorge de Morais. [S.l.]: Assírio & Alvim, 1990. LIMA, Délcio M. de. Os homoeróticos. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1983. MARCH, Sue. Libertação homossexual. Trad. Ubirajara B. Júnior. São Paulo: Nova Época Editorial, 1981. MARMOR, Judd (org.). A inversão sexual: as múltiplas raízes da homossexualidade. Trad. Christiano M. Oiticica. Rio de Janeiro: Imago, 1973. MÍCCOLIS, Leila, DANIEL, Herbert. Jacarés e lobisomens: dois ensaios sobre a homossexualidade. Rio de Janeiro: Achiamé, 1983. MORENO, Antônio. A personagem homossexual no cinema brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: FUNARTE, Niterói: EDUFF, 2001. MOTT, Luiz. Escravidão, homossexualidade e demonologia. São Paulo: Ícone, 1988 Mott, Luiz. Homossexualidade: Mitos e Verdades. Salvador, Ed.GGB, 2003 ___. Relações raciais entre homossexuais no Brasil colônia. Revista Brasileira de História, ANPUH, v. 3, n. 10, mar/ag 1985. OKITA, Hiro. Homossexualismo: da opressão à libertação. São Paulo: Proposta Editorial, s/d. ORAISON, Marc. A questão homossexual. Trad. José Kosinski. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1977. (Experiência e Psicologia) POVERT, Lionel. Dictionnaire gay. Paris: Jacques Grancher Éditeurs, 1994. Revista Brasileira de Sexualidade Humana, São Paulo: Iglu Ed., v. 7, edição especial n. 1, mar 1996. RICHARDS, Jeffrey. Sexo, desvio e danação: as minorias na Idade Média. Trad. Marco Antônio E. da Rocha e Renato Aguiar. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 1993. RUSE, Michael. La homosexualidad. Trad. Carlos Laguna. Madrid: Ediciones Cátedra, 1989. SELL, Teresa A. Identidade homossexual e normas sociais. (Histórias de vida). Florianópolis: Ed. da UFSC, 1987. SPENCER, Colin. 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Bibliografia de Luiz Mott sobre Homossexualidade e Aids (1984-2002) · LIVROS 1. Lesbianismo no Brasil. Porto Alegre, Editora Mercado Aberto, 1987 2. Escravidão, Homossexualidade e Demonologia. S.Paulo, Editora Icone, 1988 3. Sexo Proibido: Virgens, Gays e Escravos nas garras da Inquisição. Campinas Editora Papirus, 1989 4. Epidemic of Hate: Violation of Human Rights of Gay Men, Lesbians and Transvestites in Brazil. S.Francisco, IGLRHC, 1996 5. Homofobia: A violação dos direitos humanos dos gays, lésbicas e travestis. S.Francisco, (USA), International Gay & Lesbian Human Rights Comission, 1997 6. Desviados em questão: Tipologia dos homossexuais da cidade de Salvador, Bahia. Salvador, Editora Espaço Bleff, 1987 7. Homossexuais da Bahia: Dicionário Biográfico. Salvador, Editora Grupo Gay da Bahia, 1999 (lançamento em junho) 8. Violação dos Direitos Humanos e Assassinato de Homossexuais no Brasil, 1999. Salvador, Editora Grupo Gay da Bahia, 2000 9. Manual de Coleta de informações, sistematização e mobilização política contra crimes homofóbicos. Salvador, Editora Grupo Gay da Bahia, 2000 10. Violação dos direitos humanos e assassinatos de homossexuais no Brasil. Salvador, Editora Grupo Gay da Bahia, 2000 11. Causa Mortis: Homofobia. Salvador, Editora Grupo Gay da Bahia, 2001 12. A Cena gay em Salvador em tempo de Aids. Salvador, Editora Grupo Gay da Bahia, 2001 13. O crime anti-homossexual no Brasil. Salvador, Editora Grupo Gay da Bahia, 2002 14. Matei porque odeio gay. Salvador, Editora Grupo Gay da Bahia, 2003 · LIVRETOS 15. A Penetração do Preservativo no Brasil pós-Aids, RJ, Publicações Técnicas da Bemfam, nº14, 1988 16. A Prevenção da Aids entre os Cegos, Cartilha em Braille, S.Paulo, Fundação para o livro do cego do Brasil, 1990, 12p. 17. Traveca esperta. Cartilha de prevenção da Aids, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, l995, l6 páginas. 18. Sexo sem Aids. Cartilha de Prevenção da Aids, 10 páginas, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, l995 19. Manual de Sobrevivência Homossexual, 16 páginas. Fundação Européia de Direitos Humanos/Fundação Norueguesa de Direitos Humanos, Salvador, l995 20. ABC dos Gays: Cartilha para desenvolver a autoestima e prevenção da Aids. Ministério da Saúde - Grupo Gay da Bahia, Salvador, l996 21. As Travestis da Bahia e a Aids, Salvador, Ministério da Saúde, Editora Grupo Gay da Bahia, Outubro, 1997 22. Aidsfobia: a violação dos direitos humanos das pessoas com hiv/aids no Brasil. Salvador, Cadernos de Textos do GGB, n.2, outubro 1996 23. Homossexualidade, Rio de Janeiro, Editora Planeta Gay Books, l998 24. Silicone: A redução de riscos entre travestis. Salvador, Editora Grupo Gay da Bahia, 1999 · CAPÍTULO EM LIVROS INTERNACIONAIS 25. "A Homossexualidade no Brasil: Bibliografia", Latin American Masses and Minorities, Madison, Princeton University, 1987:529-609 26. "Homosexuality in Brazil: bibliography", in Murray, S.O.(Ed), Male Homosexuality in Central and South América, Gai Saber Monograph, nº5, New York, 1987:40-54 27. "Portugueses Pleasures: the gay subculture in Portugal at Inquisition's time", Homosexuality, which homosexuality? History I, Free Univesity, Amsterdam, 1987, p.85-96 28. "Love’s labors lost: five letters from a Seventeenth-Century Portuguese sodamite" in K. Gerard & G.Herkma Eds. The Porsuit of Sodomy, New York, The Haworth Press, 1988:91-101 29. "Brasil" , Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, New York, Garland University Press, 1990 30. "Lo que todo joven deve saber sobre la homosexualidad", in Puentes de Respecto, Santiago, Chile, American Friends Service Committee, 1992:55-59 31. “Das homosexuelle Errbe in Brasilien. Die Liebe, die ihren Namen nicht aussprechen durfte.” Leibing, Anette E Benninghoff-Luhl, Sibylle,(ed), Brasilien – Land ohne Gedachtnis? Hamburg, Universitatspubliklationen, 2001, p.177-191 32. “Ethno-histoire de l’homossexualité em Amérique Latine”, in Pour l’histoire du Brésil. Crouzet, François (Ed), Paris, L’Harmattan, 2000, p. 285-303 · CAPÍTULO EM LIVROS BRASILEIROS 33. "O Negro Homossexual no Brasil e na África", in Roberto da Mota (org.) Os Afro-brasileiros, Recife, Edição Massangana, 1985:128-131 34. "Escravidão e Homossexualidade", in Vainfas, Ronaldo (Ed.) História e sexualidade no Brasil, S. Paulo, Ed. Graal, 1986:19-40 35. "Pedofilia e pederastia no Brasil Antigo", in Mary Del Priore, História da Criança no Brasil, São Paulo. Ed. Contexto, 1991:44-60 36. "Justitia et misericórdia: A Inquisição Portuguesa e a repressão ao abominável pecado de sodomia", in Novinsky, A. & Tucci, M.L. (Eds) Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. S. Paulo, EDUSP, 1992:703-739 37. "As Amazonas: um mito e algumas hipóteses", in Vainfas, R. América em Tempo de conquista, RJ. Zahar Editora, 1992:33-57 38. 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São Paulo, Editora Mandarim, 2001, p.190-204 43. “Aids, homossexualidade e exclusão”, in Subjetividade e Aids, Rio de Janeiro, Banco de Horas/IDAC, 2002, p.157-169. 44. “Porque os homossexuais são os mais odiados dentre todas as minorias?”, Correa, Mariza (org), Gênero e Cidadania, Campinas, Coleção Encontros, Uniamp, 2002, p.143-155 45. “Homossexuais: violência, exclusão social e luta pela cidadania:\”, in Morthy, Lauro (org), Brasil em Questão, Brasilia, Editora UNB, 2002, p.253-260 · ARTIGOS EM REVISTAS INTERNACIONAIS 46. "A Gay Atheist of XVIIth Century", Gay and lesbian Atheist Review, S.Francisco. vol. VII, 1984:8-10 47. "Slave and Homosexuality", Quaterly, S. Francisco, nº24, 1985:10-25 48. "Brasil Gay", Revista Gay de Información y Cultura, Bilbao, nº41, maio 1988:13-14 49. "Loves labors lost: five letters from a Seventh Century Portuguese sodomite", Journal of homosexuality, vol.16. nº1/2, 1988:91-101 50. "Impact of condom use to prevent HIV transmission among male homosexuals in Bahia, Brazil", Abstract Publication of VI International Conference on Aids, S.Francisco, 1990 volvi, nº 3075, p.420 51. "Aids in Brazilian Philately", Lambda Philatelic Journal, (Estados Unidos), vol.10, nº2, April-june 1991:8-9 52. "500 Años de Homosexualidad en las Americas", Conducta Imprópria, Lima, nº45, março/1993:21-24 53. "Sexual practices and the use of condoms among transvestites prostitutes in Bahia, Brazil", Abrastact Publication of the X International Conference on Aids, nº 208, Yokohama, 8-1994 54. “The risk of HIV infection among the prostitute transvestite in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil”, 55. Abstracts of the XI International Aids Conference, Vancouver, l996, mod. 602 56. “Leopoldina von Brasilien”, Lambda Nachrichten, Viena, n.2, abri/jun.1997 57. "Etno-história de la homosexualidad en América Latina", Historia y Sociedad, Universidade Nacional de Colombia, Medelin, Dez/l997, p.123-144; História em Revista, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, vol.4, Dez/98, p.7-28 · ARTIGOS EM REVISTAS BRASILEIRAS 58. Pagode português: a subcultura gay em Portugal nos tempos inquisitoriais" Ciência e Cultura, vol.40, fevereiro 1980:120-139 59. "Exibicionismo: doença ou perversão? Um estudo de cm casos em campinas". Ciência e Cultura, nº36, 1984:249-256 60. "Antropologia, População e Sexualidade", Revista Gente, Deptº de Antropologia da UFBa, nº1, jul/dez 1984:87-103 61. "Etnodemonologia: A vida sexual do Diabo no mundo íbero-americano", Religião e Sociedade, nº122, 1985:64-99 62. "Aids: Reflexões sobre a sodomia", Comunicações do ISER, nº17, dez.1985:32-41 63. "Gilete na carne: Etnografia das automulitações dos travestis da Bahia", (co-autoria de Aroldo Assunção), Temas do IMESC, SP, nº4, 1987:47-56 64. "Aids e os médicos no Brasil", Ciência e Cultura, nº1, vol.39, jan.1987:4-13 65. "Desventuras de um sodomita português no Brasil seiscentista", Comunicações do 1º Congresso Internacional da Inquisição Portuguesa, SP, 1987:118-120 66. "A vida mística e erótica do escravo José Francisco Pereira", Tempo Brasileiro, RJ, nº92/93, jan.jun.1988:85-104 67. "Uma Experiência Positiva: o Convênio Bemfam-GGB, População e Desenvolvimento, RJ, nº153, Março/Abril 1989:4-5 68. "Cupido na sala de Aula: Pedofilia na Brasil antigo". Cadernos de Pesquisa, Fundação Carlos Chagas, SP, Maio 1989:32-39 69. "Resposta ao chefe da Gestapo ou Sete Teses Equivocadas sobre homossexualidade", Sexus - Estudo Multidisciplinar sobre Sexualidade Humana, set/out.1989, vol,1. nº 5:20-24 70. "Os direitos Humanos dos Homossexuais", Boletim da Associação Brasileira de Antropologia, nº7, outubro 1989:14 71. "As religiões Cristãs e a Aids", Boletim do Grupo de Apoio e Prevenção ã Aids da Bahia, nº1, Setembro 1989:1 72. "Justitia et Misericordia: A Inquisição Portuguesa e a repressão ao nefando pecado de sodomia", Anais do 17º Congresso Internacional de Ciências Históricas, Comissão de Demografia Histórica, Paris, 1990:243-258 73. "As Amazonas: Um Mito e algumas hipóteses", Revista de História, (Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto/Mariana), vol.1, 1990:13-35 74. “Justitita et Misericordia: A Inquisição Portuguesa e a Repressão ao nefando pecado de Sodomia”, in The role of the state and public opinion in sexual attittudes and demographic behaviour. Paris, CIDH, 1990, p.243-258 75. “Cinco cartas de Amor de um sodomita português do século XVII”, Resgate: Revista Interdisciplinar de Cultura do Centro de Memória da Unicamp, n.1, 1990, p.91-99 76. “Brazil”, verbete na Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, Ed.W.Dynes, New York, Garland Publishing Inc, l990, p.162-164 77. “Impact of condom use to prevent HIV transmission among male homosexuals in Bahia, Brazil”, Abstract Publication , VI International Conference on Aids, S.Francisco, 1990, vol.II, n.3075, p.420 78. “Amores clericais em São Paulo Colonial”, Diário Oficial, Leitura, Publicação Cultural da Imprensa Oficial do Estado de S.P., n.9, vol.101, outubro 1990, p.1-3 79. 8.“As Amazonas: Um mito e algumas hipóteses”, Revista de História, Departamento de História da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, vol. 1, n.1, 1990, p.13-35 80. 11- “Aids in Brazilian Philately”, Lambda Philatelic Journal, vol.10, n.2, junho 1991, p.8-9 81. 14- “Aids e sexualidade”, Anais da 2a. Reunião de Antropólogos do Norte e Nordeste, Recife, 1991, p.291-303 82. "Relações raciais entre homossexuais no Brasil colonial", Revista de Antropologia, Universidade de São Paulo, vol.35, 1992:170-189 83. "Aids e Sexualidade", Anais da II Reunião de Antropólogos do Norte e Nordeste, Recife, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 1993:291-303 84. "Alternativas eróticas dos africanos e seus descendentes no Brasil Escravista", Revista de História, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, nº1. vol.3, 1993:176-214 85. "A violação dos direitos humanos dos homossexuais no Brasil", Boletim da Associação brasileira de Antropologia, nº19, novembro 1993:6 86. "Aids: Informação e Prevenção", Revista Mulher em Movimento, Sindicato dos Bancários/CUT/Bahia, nº1, abril-junho 1994;12-13 87. “De taturana a borboleta: a metamorfose de um antropólogo enrustido em militante gay”, Alteridades, UFBa, n.2, ano II, set-95, p.35-44 88. “Identidade (homo)sexual e a educação diferenciada”, in Dois Pontos: Teoria e Prática em Educação, Belo Horizonte, vol.4, n.31, abril 1997 89. "Minorias Sexuais", in Relatório da 2a Conferência Nacional de Direitos Humanos, Brasília, Câmara dos Deputados , 1998, p.97-123-126 90. "Aids: Antropologia versus Epidemia", Anais da 21a Reunião da Associação Brasileira de Antropologia 91. "O crime homofóbico: viado tem mais é que morrer!", Crime, Direito e Sociedade, Instituto de Criminologia, RJ, 1997 92. "Minorias Sexuais", in Relatório da 2a Conferência Nacional de Direitos Humanos, Brasília, Câmara dos Deputados , 1998, p.97-123-126 93. “A Igreja e a questão homossexual no Brasil”, Mandragora, SP, ano 5, n.5, 1999, p.37-41 94. “Homossexual também é ser humano: a construção da cidadania de gays, lésbicas e travestis no Brasil”, Universidade e Sociedade, Sindicato Nacional dos Docentes das Instituições de Ensino Superior, ano X, n.22, novembro 2000 (publicada em 2001) 95. “A Inquisição em São Paulo”, Boletim do Museu de Folclore, n.2, março 2001, p.31-43 96. “Os filhos da dissidência: o pecado nefando e sua nefanda matéria”, Tempo, Revista do Departamento de História da UFF, vol.6, n.11, julho 2001, p.189-204 97. Meu Menino Lindo: Cartas de Amor de um Frade Sodomita, Lisboa (1690) Revista Entretextos, n.4, dezembro 2000, p.95-117; Luso-Brazilian Review, 38 (Winter, 2001), 97-115. 98. “Homossexualidade: uma história tabu e uma cultura revolucionária”, ArtCultura, Revista do do NEHAC, Uberlândia, n.4, vol.4, 2002, p. 10-17. · RESENHAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 99. Homosexuality in Renaissance England, Alan Bray. nº 36, 1984:874- 875. 100. Homolexis: A Historical and Cultural Lexicon of Homosexuality , Wayne Dynes, nº 30, 1986:724-725. 101. Immodest Acts, Judith Brown. nº 39, 1987:224-225. 102. Sodomy and Pirate Tradition, B.R. Burg. nº 37, 1985:1379-1381 103. Sodomy and Pirate Tradition, New West Indians Review, (Amsterdam), nº 59, 1985:262-265. 104. Homossexualidade na Grécia Antiga, Orelha do Livro Homossexualidade na Grécia Antiga, Editora Nova Alexandria, SP, 1994 · ARTIGOS EM JORNAIS E REVISTAS 105. " A Aids na Filatelia internacional", Jornal do Selo, RJ, nº63, abril-maio 1991:9 106. "IV Centenário da Visitação do Santo Ofício ao Brasil", Diário Oficial Leitura, S. Paulo, 10 (10), julho 1991:1-3 107. 9- “A AIDS na filatelia internacional” Jornal do Selo, 1-6-1991 108. “Um preconceito tolerado pela Carta”, Análises e Informações Legislativas (Brasília), setembro l991: , Informativo INESC, 109. 500 anos de homossexualidade nas Américas”, Utopia (Porto Alegre), dezembro 1992.“ 110. “Homofobia tem cura!” Jornal de Sergipe, 17-4-1992 111. “A UFBa na luta contra a Aids” Jornal da UFBa, janeiro l993 112. “É possível praticar o sexo seguro?"- O Estado do Maranhão, 23-11-1993 113. "A Aids e a família", Bahia Hoje, Salvador, 1-12-1993 114. “Os Políticos e os homossexuais” Jornal do Brasil, 28-6-1993: 115. “Crise da Aids reprime bissexualidade tropicalista” Folha de São Paulo, 10-11-1993 116. “Mil casos de Aids na Bahia” Bahia Hoje, 13-1-1994 117. "Mil casos de Aids na Bahia", Bahia Hoje, 13-1-1994 118. "A sexualidade no Brasil colonial", Diário Oficial Leitura São Paulo, nº141, fevereiro 1994:6-8 119. "A alforria dos homossexuais", Linha direta, Publicação Semanal do Diretório Regional do Partido dos Trabalhadores, São Paulo, nº 169, 23-3-1994 120. "Em defesa das famílias de fato", Bahia Hoje, 25-3-1994 121. "Em defesa do ser homossexual", Jornal Nós Por Exemplo, julho-agosto 1994:7 122. "Dama de paus", Resenha do livro O Travesti no espelho da mulher, Tribuna da Bahia, 25-8-1994 123. "O último tabu, Revista Sui Generis, S. Paulo, novembro, 1994:34 124. Aids e a Família.” 15- Bahia Hoje, 1-12-1994 125. “Aids e a Família” Jornal do Brasil, 1-12-1994 126. “Carnaval, Aids e camisinha” 18- Bahia Hoje, 21-2-1994 127. amor que Mário de Andrade não ousava dizer o seu nome O Capital (Aracaju), 1-7-1994 128. “O complô do silêncio contra Zumbi”, Zero Hora, P.Alegre, 27-5-1995 129. “O paraíso gay”, Folha de S.Paulo, 6-7-1995 130. “Educação sexual e cidadania plena”, Tribuna da Bahia, 15-8-1995 131. “Os Gays e a visita do Papa”, Folha de S.Paulo, 6-9-1995 132. “Era Zumbi homossexual?”, A Notícia, Florianópolis, 27-9-1995 133. “A caminho do arco-íris”, Gazeta do Povo, Curitiba, 1-10-1995 134. “Violência sexual infanto-juvenil”, Jornal da Tarde, SP, 26-10-1995 135. “Homossexuais lutam pela cidadania” 21- Correio Brasiliense, 5-3-1995: 136. “Raízes da intolerância”, Diário da Manhã (Pelotas), 9-4-1995: 137. “Quilombismo anti-gay”, Folha de São Paulo, 21-5-1995: 138. “A Campanha da Fraternidade exclui os homossexuais” Jornal da Tarde (SP), 9-3-1995: 139. “A polêmica da camisinha” O Estado de São Paulo, 17-3-1995 140. “O mudo amor de Mário de Andrade” Jornal de Natal, 22-5-1995 141. “Educação sexual e cidadania plena” Tribuna da Bahia, 15-8-1995 142. “Revolução sexual”, Brazil Sex Magazine, n.13, out. 1996 143. “Educação sexual e cidadania plena”, Bahia Hoje, 13-4; Correio Popular, 4-4-1996 144. “A tribo dos rapazes de peito”, Folha de S.Paulo, 16-6--1996 145. “Gays e lésbicas na política de direitos humanos de FHC”, Folha de S.Paulo, 3-8-1996 146. “O Corifeu da Homofobia”, Folha de S.Paulo, 11-8-1996 147. “Orgulho Gay”, Estado de Minas, 27-6; Jornal da Manhã, 30-6-1996 148. “O pânico homofóbico”, Estado do Maranhão, 24-9-1996 149. “O pânico homofóbico”, Diário de Natal, 20-9-1996 150. “O pânico homofóbico”, Jornal da Cidade (Aracaju), 13-9-1996 151. “Um mundo, uma esperança”, Folha de S.Paulo, 1-12-1996 152. “Unidos na esperança”, Tribuna da Bahia, 2-12-1996 153. ”Só transo com homem de verdade “, Brazil Sex Magazine, S.Paulo, n.20, 4/1997 154. “O futuro da homossexualidade”, Tribuna da Bahia, 17/5/1997 155. “1897-1997: Centenário do Movimento Homossexual”, Diário de Cuiabá, 3/6/1997 156. “1897-1997: Centenário do Movimento Homossexual”, O Capital (Aracaju), 6/1997 157. “Ex-gays, existem?”, Brazil Sex Magazine, S.Paulo, n.23, 7/1997 158. “Reflexões sobre o prazer anal”, Brazil Sex Magazine, n.24, 8/1997 159. “Homoerotismo lésbico”, Brazil Sex Magazine, n.25, 9/1997 160. “Luiz Mott: Guerrilha moral” Jornal Opção, (Goiânia), 4/10/1997 161. “Os gays e o Papa”, Tribuna do Norte (Natal), 2/10/1997 162. "Estereótipos tupiniquins", Folha de S.Paulo, 18-1-1998 163. “Homoerotismo lésbico”, Brazil Sex Magazine, n.25, 9/1997 164. “Luiz Mott: Guerrilha moral” Jornal Opção, (Goiânia), 4/10/1997 165. "Pedofilia e Pederastia", Página Central, S.Paulo, n.5, 5 maio 1998 166. "Perfil sexual do Brasileiro", Página Central, S.Paulo, agosto 1998 167. "Brasil: campeão mundial de assassinatos de homossexuais", Página Central, S.Paulo, março 1998 168. "Estereótipos sexuais tupiniquins", Diário do Norte, 18-1-1998 169. "Assassinato de homossexuais no Brasil", Tribuna da Bahia, 22-1-1998 170. "O pânico homofóbico", jornal World News, n.13, abril 1998, SP 171. "Jesus era gay?", Página Central, julho 1998 172. "O maior tabu do mundo", Revista SuiGeneris, RJ n.33, maio 1998 173. "Um Herói do Brasil Imperial" Revista SuiGeneris, RJ ano IV n.38, 1998 174. "Travestis: anjos ou demônios?" Revista Brazil Sex Magazine, SP ano IV n. 38, 1998 175. "A Sexualidade dos Brasileiros; um mito tropical" Jornal Homo Sapiens, Salvador, ano 1, n.6, 1998. Disponível em: http://luiz-mott.blogspot.com/2006/08/bibliografia-bsica-sobre_20.html

#bibliografia #homossexualidade #lgbt

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bountyofbeads · 6 years

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E.P.A. Proposes Rule Change That Would Let Power Plants Release More Toxic Pollution https://nyti.ms/2GMLkmv

This SHOULD ANGER every AMERICAN.... It the responsibility of government to PROTECT and DEFEND THE American people NOT to POSION and KILL American people. SHAME SHAME SHAME

E.P.A. Proposes Rule Change That Would Let Power Plants Release More Toxic Pollution

By Lisa Friedman | Dec. 28, 2018 | New York Times |Posted December 28, 2018|

WASHINGTON — The Trump administration announced on Friday a plan designed to make it easier for coal-fired power plants, after nearly a decade of restrictions, to release into the atmosphere more mercury and other pollutants linked to developmental disorders and respiratory illnesses.

The limits on mercury, set in 2011, were the first federal standards to restrict some of the most hazardous pollutants emitted by coal plants and were considered one of former President Barack Obama’s signature environmental achievements. Since then, scientists have said, mercury pollution from power plants has declined more than 80 percent nationwide.

President Trump’s new proposal does not repeal the regulation, known as the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards, but it would lay the groundwork for doing so by weakening a key legal justification for the measure. The long-term impact would be significant: It would weaken the ability of the E.P.A. to impose new regulations in the future by adjusting the way the agency measures the benefits of curbing pollutants, giving less weight to the potential health gains.

In announcing the proposed rule, the Environmental Protection Agency said in a statement that the cost of cutting mercury from power plants “dwarfs” the monetary benefits. The proposal, which the acting E.P.A. administrator, Andrew Wheeler, signed on Thursday, is expected to appear in the federal register in the coming weeks. The public will have 60 days to comment on it before a final rule is issued.

During his first year in office, President Trump signed executive orders declaring his intention to dismantle environmental rules. As his second year comes to a close, agencies have set the regulatory wheels in motion to weaken or repeal nearly a dozen Obama-era restrictions on air and water pollution or planet-warming emissions of carbon dioxide, including a plan to reduce the number of waterways that are protected from pollutants and another making it easier for utilities to build new coal plants.

Reworking the mercury rule, which the E.P.A. considers the priciest clean air regulation ever put forth in terms of annual cost to industry, would represent a victory for the coal industry, and in particular for Robert E. Murray, an important former client of Mr. Wheeler’s from his days as a lobbyist. Mr. Murray, the chief executive of Murray Energy Corporation, personally requested the rollback of the mercury rule soon after Mr. Trump took office.

Yet the E.P.A. move also had its detractors within the industry. The vast majority of utility companies, which estimate they have already spent about $18 billion installing clean-air technology since the rule was imposed, have said the proposed changes are now of little benefit to them and have urged the Trump administration to leave the measure in place.

“There is nobody who operates power plants who is asking for the rule to go away,” said Jeffrey R. Holmstead, a partner at the law firm Bracewell who served as E.P.A. air chief under the second President George Bush. On Friday, Mr. Holmstead said the agency “managed to walk a very fine line” by revising a justification for the rule while leaving pollution protections in place.

The original rule required power plants to reduce emissions of mercury and other toxic pollutants by more than 90 percent over five years. Mercury is a neurotoxin that can damage the brain and nervous system in young children, leading to lower I.Q. and impaired motor skills. The Obama administration estimated that the measure would prevent as many as 11,000 premature deaths from asthma, other respiratory diseases or heart attacks.

Estimates like that, however, are at the heart of the current dispute. The federal government is required to take into account both the costs and health benefits when considering pollution regulations. Trump administration officials say the Obama E.P.A. inflated benefits and underestimated costs.

The Obama administration found up to $6 million annually in health benefits directly from curbing mercury. But it further justified the regulation by citing an additional $80 billion in health benefits a year by, among other things, preventing the 11,000 premature deaths. That came not from curbing mercury itself but from the reduction in particulate matter linked to heart and lung disease that also occurs when cutting mercury emissions.

The Obama administration also broadly accepted that it’s difficult to put a specific dollar-figure on some health benefits — for instance, avoiding lost I.Q. points in infants (or other fetal harm), which has been linked to pregnant women eating mercury-contaminated fish. For that reason, the original rule argued against using a strict cost-benefit analysis to decide whether the regulation should be imposed, said Joseph Goffman, the executive director of Harvard Law School’s Environmental and Energy Law Program.

The new proposal fundamentally changes that approach. It would consider only the benefits that can be directly translated into dollars and cents.

The proposed rule recognizes that difficult-to-quantify benefits exist, but said “the administrator has concluded that the identification of these benefits is not sufficient, in light of the gross imbalance of monetized costs.”

Ann Weeks, senior counsel for the Clean Air Task Force, an environmental group, criticized the rule as “bean counting,” and said, “This is not tax law. This is public health benefits. It’s a very different calculus.”

Business groups also maintain the rule should count only the direct benefits of curbing the main pollutant in question, and not what are termed co-benefits, when considering the economic impact of a regulation. Co-benefits refers, for instance, to the fact that reducing mercury emissions also reduces emissions of unrelated pollutants, such as small particulate matter, that also come with a measurable health benefit.

The new proposal directs the E.P.A. to do just that. Should that plan ultimately go into effect, the cost to curb mercury would be calculated in a way that shows the costs outweighing the health benefits.

With the legal justification for the regulation thus weakened, experts said, the rule could more easily be overturned if challenged in court. Moreover, it could make it more difficult for future regulations to go into effect.

“There is a likelihood that this rule-making will be the administration’s flagship effort to permanently change the way the federal government considers health benefits,” said Janet McCabe, who ran the E.P.A.’s air office under Mr. Obama.

She said an overhaul of the mercury rule could result in utilities opting to no longer run pollution controls, despite having already installed them, because costs that are not federally mandated can no longer be passed on to ratepayers. “If that’s the case, we will see higher emissions of mercury, arsenic, acid gases and the particulate matters that are also captured along with those pollution controls,” Ms. McCabe said.

Mr. Wheeler, in a recent interview, dismissed the idea that utilities, having spent billions of dollars on pollution controls, would stop using them. “It’s not like people are going to start taking off their equipment and start putting mercury into the atmosphere,” he said.

He described the E.P.A.’s action as simply a response to a Supreme Court’s 2015 decision that said the Obama administration had failed to properly consider economic costswhen they imposed the mercury rule and ordered a new cost-benefit analysis. The Obama administration complied and the rule was reinstated, but the coal industry again challenged the rule.

When the Trump administration came into office, the agency said it would no longer defend the Obama administration’s cost-benefit finding and would seek to rework the rule entirely.

Mr. Wheeler described the E.P.A.’s plan to reopen the mercury rule as an answer to the court and said he was not concerned by either the utility industry’s disinterest in seeing the rule reworked or the views of his former client, Mr. Murray. “We don’t answer to the utility industry,” he said. “We don’t answer to the coal industry. We answer to Congress and the courts, and the Supreme Court told us we didn’t get it right. We have to redo it. I’m going to follow the law, and I’m going to follow the Supreme Court.”

#donald trump #u.s. news #politics #trump administration #international news #republican politics #epa #pollution #pollutant

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lysun-reminder · 6 years

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Construction of identity and strategic social media

After all, you can say that you are everything you want in a social network."" 1. The recent scandal involving the New York Republican Congressman Christopher Lee, hiding their marital status and elected office in a personal letter the ad Craig in search of women to date , highlights the potential use of social networks on the Internet to create a virtual identity in addition, targeted program. For example, Facebook, which allowed many other personal and professional side, now also facilitates discreet Creation pages more personal, allowing users to segregate ""friends"" in the ""network"" are mutually exclusive with privacy settings that are hidden investigation. So, as a result of fraud or strategic omissions, or both, for example, you can build your online identity sterilized for consumption by the family or professional contacts and the other as a candidate for friends and relatives occasionally. In particular, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ), this function helps the resurrection of the ""closet"", which allowed long sexual minorities, to avoid disapproval of conservative elements of the dominant culture, that people can be both in culture and underworld. In this chapter, the work Sedgwick in ""the closet"" as a metaphor for hiding and discovering the identity of Goffman's observations concerning the identity of people management and other pioneering work in question this practice reoccupation and its consequences.

anecdote Fund

Some time ago, the author was traced college friends in the building a digital media strategy for Facebook and sent a ""friend"" invitation to one that was not even for a short period of new subordinate, when the two were journalists. Profile indicated that a friend moved to the southern part of the United States, working in public relations, the company has self-identified as gay, and had a few, as well as a large network of friends. Months passed without a response to ""friend request."" One day, the author received a request for a ""friend"" by the same person. After confirming the request, the author discovered Facebook profile very different: I could remember its location, employment and training, but he had no partner and friends, one elderly woman, whose name has been suggested that the relative, Author, embarrassed, sent a message to his friend, thanking him for the invitation and for a short time to update the life of the author, because the latter were in contact and ask for an update from a friend. A friend had sent apologies for the delay in response to connect to Facebook, explaining that he found some of the cumbersome procedures. Renewal provided few details beyond the scattered information in your profile. The author decided to up the ante: in the return message, recalled his homosexuality and his recent teaching and writing on queer theory and the media. Suddenly, it is removed from the profile page spread of his friend and original, ""friend"" request for a full and frank profile was adopted.

The incident showed that the Cabinet, who spent time frame define the boundary between the known life of gays and lesbians, that all signs or symbols have been removed to be problematic in their interactions with traditional culture and their secret lives as members of the subculture is out, many assumed, that if no less overwhelming context / family after the Stonewall / post-Ellen posmodernismo, at least not in evidence, which is alive and well, and either break in cyberspace and block valves. It was the observation Sedgwick, noting that even some gay and more open and valuable women are not in the closet somebody personally, financially.

In this case the meaning was not quite normal, because it was nearly three decades since the author and his friend was in contact. The relationship between them, though multidimensional, it was not particularly a neighbor and a friend pointed staff and professional life does not depend on the consent of the author. In fact, the date and the geographical distance and the relationship between them can be an opportunity for self-revelation. Of course, the downside to disclose the cost of the transfer distant known, it seems so faint that made it worth the risk. And the fact that a good friend of previously available dose of life across the board in front of a friend's request suggests that the way homosexuals are doing their identity may be strategic, but also the most driven knee-jerk reaction as critical thinking.

Identity in the virtual space

If a person has himself / herself to others, he / she tries to maintain control over that person, and to minimize the appearance of the characters that are in conflict with their own idealized identity.19 FTF interactions, the physical presence of the unit construction avoids inadequate identity with visible physical characteristics of the person . In addition, the common knowledge of the social environment of the unit makes it difficult for him / her to pretend something he / she is not.

In his ""Theory Tacos social context"" Lee Sproull and Sara Kiesler suggested that communication on the Internet FTF available.20 differ in the amount of social information in the online environment, such as SNS or social cues, such as non-verbal behavior and ""physical environment are available. the absence of these signals, say, could lead to disinhibition behavior, such as aggression, verbal behavior and candid disclosure nonconforming. by Sherry Turkle output lying.21 also facilitates entry and exit Zhao Shanyang, Sherri and Jason Martin Grasmuck find this tendency to ""act"" and take on the role of the personality of the user, unlike the physical world of a person who is related to the degree of anonymity offered in the online environment in this sites which offer greater anonymity seemed to favor the consumption of these roles;. those with ""nonymity"" (the opposite of the nimato) N.

In general, as noted by Monica Whitty, in virtual environments boundary between public and private space is fuzzy at least best.23At, nature at the same time, the public social and private media complicates the traditional concepts of communication in common, including the construction of public identity. Danah Boyd and Jeffrey Heer noted, when people talk in the physical space, read the active contextual signals, including the assessment of the appropriateness of hearing establish communication. In virtual environments, such as the SNS, the context is produced structurally, but rather by the interaction of performative and critical part of the context of the public, it is almost impossible to assess, especially if physical space relationship between the user and the audience is outside of it. Boyd and Alice Marwick term ""context collapse"", where users can no longer assume a different set of keys contextually, to model their trade.

This leads to the creation of a new and uncertain ground for the formation and maintenance of relationships, because by Monica Whitty and J. Gavin, ideals that are important in traditional relationships such as trust, honesty and commitment which are equally important on the Internet, but points to the that these ideals are very different. For users of the National Health System, their profiles are a compromise between the potential profit associated with social relationships and establish social pain, giving up some control self.27 presentation

However, people are very flexible in their communication practices. Early research on online relationships that the differences between online and offline relationships dissipate over time.28 Despite the fact that the lack of agreement to condemn physical characteristics, makes some users overlook the barriers of social interaction, which would normally be in the physical world Nicole Ellison and his colleagues have discovered a virtual identity online dating are very similar to the ""true self"" of various users some truth which extends their appearance.

A brief note about the art of lying

There are no hints in the context of cyberspace, which are part of a routine physical context creates opportunities for profiles that are fictitious, either in whole or in part. As with most actual fiction profiles can be explicit (eg alias) or hidden names (for example, lack of photographs and lists of friends). In the end, it's relatively unlimited ability to manipulate what identity means that there is no way to know if the Facebook account was created by someone who supposedly represents.

In fact, the NHS has a history nonauthentic profiles. At first SNS Friendster, fictitious identities were so widespread that users have invented names for different categories, including ""Fakesters"" (nonbiographical profiles for recreational purposes), cheats (intentionally duplicate fake authentic profiles for fraud) and Pretendsters (profiles - recalls constructed by random realistic photograph online). While much of the motivation for creating these fake profiles was the entertainment of users, friends and the community as a whole, Heer Boyd argue that the entertainment was coincide with the most important to remember Friendster that community, ""none of this is true."" 31 In addition, at the beginning proliferation of these false identities built not only shows that the tradition of fraud in the online identity management, together with virtually SNS emerging, but also knowledge of the opportunities for users to create an online identity is more diffuse, both among its creators and their audience.

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