January 9th - Catherine turned 40. In honour of her birthday, Kensington Palace released three new portraits, taken by Paolo Roversi, which will enter the permanent collection of the National Portrait Gallery
January 18th - The Duchess of Cambridge held an Early Years Meeting in her role as Patron of the Royal Foundation
January 19th - The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge made their first public appearance of the year, as they visited the Foundling Museum
January 20th - The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visited Clitheroe Community Hospital, in Lancashire, in their roles as Patrons of NHS Charities Together. William and Catherine then visited Church on the Street Ministries
January 25th - The Duchess of Cambridge, in her role as Patron of the Royal Foundation of The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, held a Centre for Early Childhood Meeting. She then held a telephone meeting with Miss Jennifer Urquhart (Chairman of Johnstons of Elgin), before holding a telephone meeting with Dr Edward Morris (President) and Kate Lancaster (Chief Executive), in her role as Patron of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
January 26th - The Duchess of Cambridge, Patron of the Royal Foundation of The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, visited Shout volunteers to mark the text support service’s One Million Conversations Milestone
January 28th - The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, joint Patrons of the Royal Foundation of The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, received Lord Hague and Simon Patterson
.. Down to breakfast at 10 55/60 – Off from Settle at 11 10/60 – Got out at the George Inn (– Pilling) Gisburn at 1 40/60 – Beautiful drive from Settle to Gisburne 11 miles –
t 5 miles from Settle (turned off to the right at long Preston) on our right very prettily situated on the rising ground above the Ribble, Halton-house (Halton West) Mr Yorke’s – let to a Mr Batty from Huddersfield – about 2 miles from Gisburne, the woods about the Park beautiful – a common white gate about a mile from the village opens into a back way leading to the house –
Gisburne a very neat-looking little market town – the church rather anticipant looking on the outside, but nothing particular within – only one monument, and that put up by one of the Listers to one of the Ashtons (styled his benefaction) in 1709 – Going to be a funeral – the church doors therefore open –
Got the clerk’s son, a boy of 13 or 14, for a guide, and walked to the hall – the Gothic approach lodges, close to the village, very handsome – the approach rather too short (perhaps 1/4 mile), but chiefly wooded on both sides, and pretty enough – the hall door open – went in – then walked round to the back part of the house – went into the kitchen, and got a woman servant to show us over the below stairs rooms – the house shewn when the family was not there – Only mylord at home – riding out in the grounds – very infirm – saw a wheel-chair like my late aunt Lister’s that he is wheeled about in – Mr Lister at York with his Craven legion – Miss Lister daily expected from London – the battle of Marston moor, a good painting by Abraham Cooper – Oliver Cromwell, General Lambert, and Captain Lister, all likenesses – Cromwell, 1/2 length by Sir Peter Lely, very good – Dr. Whitaker (in his Craven) mentions this as perhaps the best likeness ever taken of him – the house wants painting and new-furnishing – asked about the upstairs rooms – the woman said the furniture was old and worn out – they were not shewn – the place altogether indicates that its present possessor does not lay out much money upon it – a great deal wants doing – several pictures in oils by Mr Lister, and a new style in oils or resembling them that he has lately learnt in Bath – heads, landscapes – A large view of Gordale, in oils, just finished, taken by Mr Lister the best likeness of the place I remember to have seen –
walked across the park and thro’ the fields to Westby, 1/2 a mile or more, once a village and the original nest, as it were, of our family and Lord Ribblesdale’s – but the village has been taken away – and nothing remains but 2 modern looking cottages – a barn bearing no trace of antiquity, modern dog-kennels, and a large well-walled kitchen garden now in use for the hall – the wild cattle very gentle – milked night and morning, and as quiet as the rest – Midhope, great and little, 2 farm- houses, not so old looking as Westby – a mile beyond Westby – on the moor – nearer to Pendil hill – then the Midhopes must be modern indeed – perhaps recently rebuilt as farm houses – Set out to walk at 1 50/60 – got back at 4 5/60 –
Off from Gisburne at 4 17/60 – Gisburne 11 miles from Skipton, 9 from Colne, and 7 1/2 from Clitheroe – Turned down from the road to the right, and got to Salley abbey and village (4 miles) at 5 10/60 – went a few yards out of one onto the bridge over the Ribble for a distant view of Bolton hall (Colonel Bolton from Liverpool who fought a duel with ––) mentioned by Dr. Whitaker as the oldest house bishop Pococke ever saw – It was a white-looking gable-ended house, too far out of our way, and possibly not a very direct road – merely a few bits of old walls remaining of Salley Abbey – the neighbouring cottages have widely been built out of its spoils, – but are very shabby – the surrounding beautiful – the monks knew how to choose situations –
From Salley to Clitheroe beautiful drive – the first view of Clitheroe castle very imposing – this castle-capped mound and town beneath it, reminded at 6 35/60 – most beautiful drive from Gisburne to Clitheroe –
went to the castle immediately after ordering dinner and beds – Except a little of the old wall about midway the mound, the shell of a square Tower at the very top of it, and its surrounding wall at 5 or 6 yards distance is all that remains – From this wall immediately surrounding the Tower a very fine view – Pendil-hill very fine – the valley on all sides very rich – the altogether reminded us of Denbigh and the vale of Clwyd – we called Clitheroe (for it is only a miniature likeness) little Denbigh – From Clitheroe to the top of that part of Pendil over which the road goes to Huntroyde Mr Starkie’s, 2 miles – to the farthest and highest point, I should guess to be about 4 miles, going right across from the Town –
Sat down to dinner at 8 – Roast leg of lamb, mashed potatoes – goos[e]berry tarts and cream – all pretty good –
after dinner wrote out pages 34, 35, of this volume of my journal and went upstairs to bed at 12 1/4 – [E two dots O two dots, marking discharge from venereal complaint] – several drops of dischar ge very slightly tinged so that I fancied my cousin coming –
Very fine day – but the road from Settle to Long Preston so dusty, we were quite covered – after leaving Long Preston, the road was more like a by-road (tho’ good) and it was much less dusty (since any dust at all) and much pleasanter –
left margin:
Gisburne.
Westby.
Midhope.
Bolton hall.
Salley-abbey.
Clitheroe.
Clitheroe castle belongs to the old duchess of Bucleugh [Buccleuch]. the castellated house near the castle inhabited by her steward Mr Kerr.
Windsor Castle
The Queen was represented by Princess Alexandra, the Hon Lady Ogilvy at the Service of Thanksgiving to Celebrate the Life of Sir Timothy Colman, KG (formerly Her Majesty’s Lord-Lieutenant of Norfolk) which was held in Norwich Cathedral this afternoon.
Clarence House
The Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay, President, The Prince’s Foundation, this morning held a Meeting at Dumfries House, Cumnock, Ayrshire.
His Royal Highness this afternoon attended a Sustainable Fashion Taskforce Meeting at Dumfries House.
The Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay, President, The Prince’s Foundation, afterwards received students from the Modern Artisan Project.
The Duchess of Cornwall this afternoon attended a Reception for the Anne Frank Trust UK at the InterContinental London Park Lane, Hamilton Place, London W1, and was received by Her Majesty’s Lord-Lieutenant of Greater London (Sir Kenneth Olisa).
Kensington Palace
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, Joint Patrons, NHS Charities Together, this afternoon visited Clitheroe Community Hospital, Chatburn Road, Clitheroe, and were received by Mrs Christine Kirk (Vice Lord-Lieutenant of Lancashire).
Their Royal Highnesses afterwards visited Church on the Street Ministries, 1-7 Hammerton Street, Burnley, Lancashire.
St James’s Palace
Today is the Anniversary of the Birthday of The Countess of Wessex.
Her Royal Highness, Grand President, St John Ambulance in the Priory of England and the Islands, this morning volunteered at the Vaccination Centre, Woking United Reformed Church, White Rose Lane, Woking, and was received by Her Majesty’s Lord-Lieutenant of Surrey (Mr Michael More-Molyneux).
St James’s Palace
The Princess Royal this morning visited Reactec Limited, Vantage Point, 3 Cultins Road, Edinburgh, and was received by Mr Michael Laing (Deputy Lieutenant of the City of Edinburgh).
Her Royal Highness later visited Warriston Crematorium, 36 Warriston Road, Edinburgh, and was received by Her Majesty’s Lord-Lieutenant of the City of Edinburgh (Councillor Francis Ross, the Rt Hon the Lord Provost).
The Princess Royal, accompanied by Vice-Admiral Sir Tim Laurence, was present at the Service of Thanksgiving to Celebrate the Life of Sir Timothy Colman, KG (formerly Her Majesty’s Lord-Lieutenant of Norfolk) which was held in Norwich Cathedral this afternoon.
Kensington Palace
The Duke of Gloucester was present at the Service of Thanksgiving to Celebrate the Life of Sir Timothy Colman, KG (formerly Her Majesty’s Lord-Lieutenant of Norfolk) which was held in Norwich Cathedral this afternoon.
St James’s Palace
The Duke of Kent was present at the Service of Thanksgiving to Celebrate the Life of Sir Timothy Colman, KG (formerly Her Majesty’s Lord-Lieutenant of Norfolk) which was held in Norwich Cathedral this afternoon.
No kiss. very fine morning - Mark Hepworth waited for me ½ hour - he is to have the job of carting stuff from Northgate at 1/1 ½ per cubic yard - but said I would give him the ½ per yard so agreed that he should have ½ per cubic yard - then saw Mawson in the road - came in to breakfast at 9 20 - over at 10 10 - had Washington - F67° now at 10 ¼ am - had Washington - gave him money to pay Miss Jenkinson’s bill - then had Holt - no fear about Mrs Machans’ coal - would have been settled but she wants to get hold of the money and her children will only let her take any equal share with each of them, so she will not agree - told H- to get the children to sign and I would pay the money - the mother has no right beyond her life and no right during her life unless to the coals when upon the pit hill - she drinks hard, and may be dead long before I want to get the coal - Holt explained to me Samuel Holdsworth’s plan about the Spiggs loose - thinks he will throw the matter into chancery - but if I get the loose stopt immediately I shall beat him - the 2 endings or heads driven from this end of the water level (waterhead-hold) towards the school will be roofed with water for 60 yards length and the Spiggs pit will stand 5ft deep in water if I raise the water 8ft in Wellryode holm - so that then SH- cannot continue those 2 endings across the road to loose his coal on the other side - if he could, he and the Spiggs company could sink down to the hollow in Joseph Wilkinson’s garden (having paid £100 for this privilege when the deed was made with him) and would thus get the water out into the brook in spite of me - but then it would come into my dam for the engine pit at Denmark - mentioned having had (sent for) Mr Stocks about the roads - said he was a very clever man - impossible to find out his real opinions or wishes except by calculating his interests - nothing to be discovered from his manner or from what he said - Joseph S- told H- a little while ago that when the Shibden coal was put up, he would put in a stopper (i.e. a good bid) - H- calculates the Engine water wheel to cost £400 - then said I take dam at £300 and etc at £300 that = £1000 job - yes! said H- but it will be the best colliery hereabouts and will pay all in the 1st 3 years - Denton has let his tunnel at Jagger-park (galloway-gate for bringing out the coal) at 21/. per yard - cannot be done at that - H- valued it at 30/. one of the tickets given in was £5 one £4.10.0 one £3 per yard and one 19/6! gave H- money to pay the joiners bill for the wood-work about the gin-wheel - had Joseph Mann - settled with him - A- (too) saw him - and told him to begin Thwaites’ cistern on Monday - to be all pulled up - rewalled and backed with a foot thick of puddle and bottomed with the same for £3 - off at 1 ½ down the old bank to Mr Parker’s office - signed the transfer of £600 navigation stock sold at £405 per cent to Mr Robert Wainhouse= £2430 out of this paid Mr P- (told him to take) £250 + ½ years into from 2 February to 2 next month = £5.12.6 + Mr Robert Wainhouse’s bill for commission and interest of £1070 for 18 days last January = £5.6.3 (which said money for 18 days cost me £2.2.0 paid to Mr Parker for [procuration]!) + £21/5 to Mr Robert W- interest of £1000 at 4 ¼ pc so that these sums + £7.16.3 that Mr P- paid me down left only £2140 for him to bring me this evening - then signed Gledhill’s purchase deed of the 2 fields sold off from the Staups estate, I covenanting to produce the title deeds when requested they being given to me as being the larger purchaser - then signed 25 notices to be sent to the gentlemen hunters against hunting or shooting on any of my lands - found I had signed the notices the tenants should have signed - all wasted - signed 25 of the right ones - and signed the 5 notices to quit to be sent to Sowden, George Robinson, Mr Carr, Pickells for the land, and John Cottager at Staups - then to Whitely - Mr Custance declines the new church - what was wanted to make up £300 a year i.e. £130 not being to be got among the Trinity church congregation and Mr C- not choosing to have it made up by those attending other churches - Mr Whitaker and the Misses Tipping had put their names down for £25 per annum subscription which subscription was to be paid during the life of Mr Custance by the subscribers themselves or their heir executor [administers]and assigns! un peu trop fort - and Mr. Waterhouse objected to bind anybody but himself - then to Russell’s - a stable clock, and by inference, 1 for Hipperholme school would
SH:7/ML/E/18/0067
cost £150 - Mr Jarratt going to give a clock to the [Ludvenden] Sunday school price £7 made by Russell - home up the old bank at 4 10 - an hour talking to Marian - went to tell Mr Parker would call this evening and consult her about Cordingley’s going to live with Mrs Parker’s sister to the late Lord Ribblesdale near Clithero - out - the new cow house finished today - paid the men - Charles and James H- and Carter and Robert S- and his man Joseph Sharpe - dinner at 6 ¾ - coffee - a little while with my father and Marian - out ¾ hour - then about 9 had Mr Parker for a few minutes - he gave me the bundle of money £2140 as he said in bank of England - I said his having counted them was enough - till 10 ¼ wrote all but the first 4 lines of today - ¼ hour with my aunt till 10 ½ p, at which hour F67 ½° - very fine day
Pendle Hill is in the east of Lancashire, England, near the towns of Burnley, Nelson, Colne, Clitheroe and Padiham. Its summit is 557 metres (1,827 ft) above mean sea level. It gives its name to the Borough of Pendle. It is an isolated hill in the Pennines, separated from the South Pennines to the east, the Bowland Fells to the northwest, and the West Pennine Moors to the south. It is included in detached part of the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.[2]
History
The name "Pendle Hill" combines the words for hill from three different languages (as does Bredon Hill in Worcestershire). In the 13th century it was called Pennul or Penhul, apparently from the Cumbric pen and Old English hyll, both meaning "hill". The modern English "hill" was appended later, after the original meaning of Pendle had become opaque.[3]
A Bronze Age burial site has been discovered at the summit of the hill.[4][better source needed]
The hill is also famous for its links to three events which took place in the 17th century: the Pendle witch trials (1612), Richard Towneley's barometer experiment (1661), and the vision of George Fox (1652), which led to the foundation of the Religious Society of Friends (Quaker) movement.[5]
Quakers
In his autobiography, George Fox said he had a vision on Pendle Hill in 1652, during the early years of the Quakers:
As we travelled, we came near a very great hill, called Pendle Hill, and I was moved of the Lord to go up to the top of it; which I did with difficulty, it was so very steep and high. When I was come to the top, I saw the sea bordering upon Lancashire. From the top of this hill the Lord let me see in what places he had a great people to be gathered.
Pendle continues to be linked to the Quakers, who use the name for the Pendle Hill Quaker Center for Study and Contemplation near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[6]
Witches and the supernatural
The story of the Pendle witches is a notorious and well-documented example of cases brought against alleged witches in 17th-century England.[7] The hill continues to be associated with witchcraft; large numbers[citation needed] of visitors climb it every Halloween, although in recent years people have been discouraged by the authorities.
The area is popular with ghost hunters after Living channel's show Most Haunted visited it for a live investigation on Halloween 2004.[8] The show's presenter, Yvette Fielding, said it was the scariest episode they had made.
Pendle Hill and the surrounding area are the setting for 1951's classic Mist Over Pendle by Robert Neill, and also for the fourth book in Joseph Delaney's The Wardstone Chronicles, called The Spook's Battle.
"The Witchfinders", the eighth episode of the eleventh series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who, takes place during the 17th-century Pendle witch trials.
To mark the 400th anniversary, local artist Philippe Handford, created a huge installation by putting '1612' on the side of Pendle Hill using 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) of horticultural fleece.[when?][9]
Geography
Topography
Pendle Hill is separated from the nearby main bulk of the Bowland Fells by the River Ribble. This isolation means that Pendle Hill is in fact the most prominent child summit of Kinder Scout, far away in the Peak District, rather than a child of Ward's Stone, the highest point in Bowland.[1]
Pendle Water, which runs through Ogden Clough, has its source on the summit plateau, heading southwest before turning back to the east as it falls into the Ogden valley. It joins the Lancashire Calder near Burnley, a few miles upstream from the confluence with Sabden Brook, which drains the southwest slopes of the hill. Mearley Brook cuts a large clough onto the northwest face, with its tributaries and those of Pendleton Brook draining this side directly into the River Ribble.[10]
Geology
The sloping plateau summit of Pendle Hill is formed from the Pendle Grit, a coarse Carboniferous age sandstone assigned to the Millstone Grit Group. It overlies a thick sequence of Carboniferous Limestone beds.[11] In chronostratigraphy, the British sub-stage of the Carboniferous period, the 'Pendleian' derives its name from Pendle Hill where an exposure in Light Clough is taken as the type locality.[12][13]
Much of the lower slopes are mantled by thick deposits of glacial till or boulder clay dating from the last Ice Age. The historic decomposition of sphagnum moss on the hill has led to it being covered in peat.
The steep slopes of its eastern and southern flanks have given rise to a series of landslips.
A panoramic image of Pendle Hill in 2012 showing the northeast slopes, known as the Big End, overlooking Black Moss Reservoirs on the edge of Barley-with-Wheatley Booth. The footpath from Barley (not pictured) to the summit can be seen ascending from left to right. (The full-size image is 10 times larger.)
Esta figura suavemente resplandeciente, elegante y resplandeciente, que irradia serena compasión, es una imagen excepcional de Avalokiteshvara, el bodhisattva más venerado en el panteón budista. Los bodhisattvas son aquellos que, debido a su gran compasión, olvidaron su propio nirvana para guiar a otros allí. Avalokiteshvara es el nombre sánscrito para este bodhisattva más popular que se identifica por muchos nombres y se manifiesta en numerosas formas. Otros títulos otorgados a él incluyen el Luminous Lord of Infinite Compassion, el Bodhisattva of Mercy, Padmapani (Lotus-bearer) y Lokeshvara (Lord of the World). En el mundo de hoy, el Dalai Lama es visto como una manifestación de Avalokiteshvara.
Además de ser un salvador, Avalokiteshvara es venerado como el protector de los viajeros y el dador de la lluvia y la fertilidad. Su generosidad se demuestra en la pose de su mano derecha que se sostiene en el gesto ('mudra') de conceder deseos ('varada mudra'), aquí con un diamante incrustado en la palma torcida. Su mano izquierda originalmente sostenía el tallo de un loto cuya flor completa se habría extendido por encima de su hombro, aunque todo lo que queda ahora es el gancho en su hombro usado para unir la flor por separado. El loto, símbolo del budismo, que lleva este bodhisattva le dio el popular epíteto del portador del loto (Padmapani). Originalmente, se habría parado sobre una base modelada como un loto abierto. Avalokiteshvara es considerado como una emanación del Buda Amitabha que reina sobre el Paraíso Occidental de Sukhavati, la Tierra de la Bienaventuranza. Como tal, él lleva una pequeña imagen de un Amitabha sentado en la parte superior de su alto moño que está diseñado con los distintivos rastas de un asceta (conocido como 'jatakamuta') aunque, paradójicamente, usa las joyas de un señor. Originalmente, las piedras preciosas que usaba eran rubíes y esmeraldas, pero con el tiempo han sido reemplazadas por vidrio coloreado. Se cree que el budismo y su iconografía asociada ingresaron al reino de Nepal desde la India a mediados del siglo VI. Aunque la iconografía se originó en la India, los artesanos de Newar del valle de Katmandú llevaron las expresiones escultóricas del budismo a nuevas alturas trascendentales. Fueron ellos quienes atendieron las demandas de los templos nepalés y tibetano, disfrutando de una reputación especial en el Tíbet por su extraordinaria habilidad para emitir imágenes, e incluso trabajando para mecenas tibetanos dentro del propio Tíbet.
Esta escultura es típica para el trabajo de Nepal, ya que está hecha de cobre, pero notable por ser fundida en una sola pieza y excepcionalmente grande. La técnica de fundición fue el método de cera perdida ('cire perdue'), después de lo cual la escultura se terminó a mano, particularmente con los adornos, antes de ser dorada. El dorado tan característico de la metalistería budista concuerda con las referencias textuales budistas al resplandor emitido por el cuerpo del Buda (y por asociación, el Bodhisattva), un resplandor que llena el universo de luz.
Esta figura fluidamente articulada, indudablemente modelada por un maestro escultor de gran sensibilidad estética, es seguramente clásica en sus proporciones y pose: se destaca realmente frontal, su cuerpo delgado y bien proporcionado, elegantemente posado en la clásica 'tribhanga' (triple curva) postura que le da ritmo y gracia natural a la figura. El cuerpo juvenil está modelado sutilmente con hombros anchos, cintura estrecha y caderas delgadas; Las superficies lisas y pulidas de la piel están dotadas de un calor sensual.
Además de su corona cargada de gemas, pendientes (ahora faltantes), collares, brazaletes, pulseras y tobilleras, y el largo hilo sagrado ('yajnopavita') cruzado sobre su pecho, nuestra figura está modestamente vestida con un 'dhoti estampado que revela la forma 'con una generosa faja que cae entre sus piernas. Su rostro amplio y dulce, ligeramente inclinado hacia un lado, con rasgos suaves y ojos muy separados, emana comprensión compasiva, simpatía y una espiritualidad que lo abarca todo. La marca rectangular de geminset en su frente refuerza su poder espiritual: es el equivalente de la 'urna' que aparece entre las cejas de un buda como una de las 32 marcas distintivas de un buda.
Detalles:
Otros títulos: El señor luminoso de la infinita compasión Bodhisattava Avalokitesvara
Lugar donde se realizó el trabajo: Valle de Katmandú → Nepal
Fecha: circa siglo XIII
Materiales usados: cobre dorado, lapislázuli, gemas y piedras
Dimensiones: 91,4 x 35,0 x 15,0 cm
Fecha de firma: No firmado. Sin fecha
Crédito: Comprado con fondos de la Art Gallery of New South Wales Foundation, la Art Gallery Society of New South Wales Collection Circle, el Asian Benefactors 'Fund y con la ayuda de Sam & Sue Chisholm, Neilson Foundation, Geoff & Vicki Ainsworth, Maurice Cashmere, Fundación Clitheroe, Rowena Danziger AM y Ken Coles AM, Sandra Forbes y Robert Farrar, Brian France AM y Philippa France, Roslyn y Alex Hunyor, Ann y Warwick Johnson, Mary Eugene Tancred, Ray Wilson OAM en memoria de James Agapitos OAM 2010. Art Gallery NSW
Shout out to all the Ribble FM Listeners, had a fantastic time at the local Radio station Ribble 106.7 FM. Thank you Kath Lord-Green, Hughie Parr & #RibbleFM Team for having me on the show! #ColneTyreCentre #wheelalignment #hunterApprovedWheelAlignmentCentre #tyres #radio #station (at Clitheroe)
The Cistercian monks of Whalley originally had an abbey at Stanlaw in Cheshire, founded by John FitzEustace, constable of Chester on the eve of his departure for the Holy Land in 1178. It was built on a sandstone outcrop at the confluence of the rivers Mersey and Gowy, and was surrounded by low-lying marshland. In 1279, a great storm flooded much of the abbey and representation was made to the Pope for permission to leave and build a new monastery on another site.
Whalley Abbey
When John FitzEustace's son, Roger, had inherited the Honour of Clitheroe from his grandmother and taken the de Lacy name, he had granted the valuable rectory of Rochdale to Stanlaw Abbey. Roger's son, John de Lacy, who became the Earl of Lincoln, also granted various lands in Lancashire to the abbey, including the rectory of Blackburn. So it wasn't surprising that the monks looked to Henry de Lacy (the great, great grandson of the original founder) when seeking a new home. Neither Rochdale nor Blackburn was deemed suitable, but when the site at Whalley, on the banks of the River Calder, was offered the monks agreed to migrate to there.
Henry de Lacy agreed to give the land at Whalley on certain conditions: the remains of his ancestors and others buried at Stanlaw would be reburied at Whalley, and the name of the abbey would continue to be Locus Benedictus (the blessed place). On 23rd July 1289, Pope Nicholas IV granted a licence for the translation of the abbey and the appropriation of the church at Whalley on the resignation or death of its aged rector, Peter de Cestria (Peter of Chester), who had held the benefice for 54 years. But he was so long-lived that the monks had to wait until January 1295 before the move to Whalley could begin, leaving behind a cell of four monks at Stanlaw.
On the 4th April 1296, St Ambrose Day, a small group of monks took possession of the land. The monks lived in Peter de Cestria's manor house whilst building work began. It progressed slowly owing to financial difficulties, changes of abbot, problems with the weather and a lack of wood for buildings and fires, and it was not until June 1308 that Henry de Lacy laid the foundation stone for the new abbey church. Even then, the monks were not entirely happy at Whalley and after the death of Henry de Lacy in 1311, they asked Thomas of Lancaster for an alternative site, but in the end nothing came of it and under the leadership of Abbot Robert de Toppecliffe serious building work began in 1330.
Peter de Cestria's chapel.
Around this time the monks moved out of Peter de Cestria's house into temporary accommodation, probably a collection of wooden huts in the midst of a busy building site. But their religious life would not have been neglected. Prayers would have offered and mass said every day in Peter de Cestria's small chapel, which pre-dates the other abbey buildings.
The chancel of the church must have been complete by 1345 when the burial of John of Cuerdale, a benefactor of the abbey, is recorded. This calls into question the re-interment of Henry de Lacy's ancestors. He may not have lived to see the remains of his ancestors brought from Stanlaw and there is, in fact, no record of this happening, but I doubt the monks did not carry out the full terms of their licence. Henry de Lacy's daughter, Alice did not die until 1348 and would have been eager to see her father's wishes for her own ancestors fulfilled. And in the ruins of what would have been the chancel of the church there is a broken gravestone that clearly shows the de Lacy lion. I believe that this is the site of the burial of Roger de Lacy, John de Lacy, Edmund de Lacy and maybe their wives and other family members.
This gravestone shows the
engraving of the de Lacy lion.
In 1348, the Black Death came to England and this seems to have interrupted the work on the church as permission was given to build a crenelated wall around the outer precincts of the abbey, probably to guard against the plague being brought in by casual visitors. When the sickness passed work began again on the central tower of the church, which was built in a plainer style than the chancel. It held a bell and a lantern and would have been three times the height of the present gatehouse. Work must have been well advanced by 1356, when Brother Ralph of Pontefract was killed by a falling stone.
Whalley Parish Church
After Henry de Lacy's death, his lands had passed to his son-in-law Thomas of Lancaster and after Thomas's execution for his rebellion against Edward II, to his younger brother Henry. In December 1360, Henry Duke of Lancaster gave land at Ramsgreave and Standen for the maintenance of a recluse or anchoress to live in a hermitage in the churchyard at Whalley. However, it seems that many of the recluses were somewhat reluctant and in 1437, a widow, Isolde Heaton, ran away from the hermitage. You can read more about it in my blogpost here: Reluctant Recluses
By 1425, the Chapter House was brought into use when William of Whalley was the abbot and an account of the dedication of the Dormitory records: Lord William, the Abbot, and the whole Convent standing in processional order sang the hymn 'Te Deum Laudamus'. Then the Abbot, clothed in a cope and carrying his pastoral staff, sprinkled all the beds with holy water…
The north east gatehouse.
The last building that completed the abbey was the North East Gatehouse and this remains today with its original great oak doors and the heavy bolt with which they can be secured. In all it took until 1444, which was 136 years after Henry de Lacy laid the foundation stone, for the abbey to be completed and even after that new buildings were added.
Life at Whalley Abbey settled into a routine of prayer, care for the sick and poor, and sheep farming. Abbot followed abbot until John Paslew entered the Novices' Cell at Whalley on St Matthew's Day 1487. His father is listed as a gentleman from Wiswell, although the family were originally from Yorkshire and had connections with East Riddlesden Hall. He became the abbot and built what seems to have been a spectacular Lady Chapel to attract both pilgrims and income, although no trace of it remains. It was during the time that John Paslew was abbot that Henry VIII decided to close down the monasteries and use their wealth for his own purposes. It was not a popular decision and throughout the north of England there was rebellion, culminating in the Pilgrimage of Grace.
Although Abbot Paslew seems to have taken no active part in the uprisings, other than giving sanctuary to a monk from nearby Sawley Abbey after it was closed, he was arrested and taken to Lancaster for trial on five counts of treason. For an inexplicable reason he pleaded guilty and at the age of 70 was hanged as a traitor. Local legend says that he was hanged outside the abbey, but as there are no records it is impossible to verify whether he was killed at Lancaster or Whalley.
After the dissolution, the site was stripped of its valuables: lead from the roof, books, plate and embroideries were taken away on carts by Thomas Cromwell's men, although some of the vestments were saved by the Towneley family of Burnley.
The remains of the abbey were bought by Ralph Assheton who made his home in the abbot's lodgings. The ruins of the abbey and its church remained until Mary Tudor came to the throne and brought back the Catholic faith. The families who were now living on former abbey lands became concerned that Mary would reinstate the monasteries and so Assheton, like many others, set about destroying what was left so that it was beyond use and would not be reclaimed for the church.
The church windows were 1
probably taken from Whalley Abbey.
Windows from the abbey were taken away to be used in other places. They can be seen in the chapel of Samlesbury Hall, for example, where the Southworth family remained Catholic, and it seems that the church of St Leonard at Old Langho, one of only a handful of Catholic churches built during Mary's reign, was constructed using stones and timbers from the abbey.
St Leonard's Old Langho
The Assheton family continued to live at Whalley Abbey until they ran out of male heirs. The house was sold to John Taylor, who in turn bequeathed it to Colonel John Hargreaves, but after the upheavals of the First World War, the role of country houses was declining and many owners found their upkeep too expensive. Colonel Hargreaves put the house up for sale in 1923 and its function was brought full circle when it was purchased by the Diocese of Manchester for use as a training college and conference centre. When the diocese was split up and the Diocese of Blackburn created the abbey came into its care and remains so.
In the 1930s, when Canon J R Lumb became the Warden of Whalley Abbey, he suggested that work could be created for the large numbers of unemployed men in the area by beginning an excavation of the gardens to see what traces of the abbey remained there. By 1936, the foundations of the church had been uncovered and on 14th June that year, the site was rededicated as a place of worship, with an altar placed on the site of the original one in the chancel of the church. Today the abbey is used as a conference centre. The grounds are open to the public for a small fee and if you are ever in the area, it is well worth a visit.
An Editor's Choice from the EHFA Archives. Originally published on 21 October 2014.
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Elizabeth Ashworth lives in Lancashire close to Whalley Abbey and has traced her ancestors in the village back to the 1600s. She has a particular interest in the history of the de Lacy family and they feature in several of her historical novels: The de Lacy Inheritance, Favoured Beyond Fortune, and The Circle of Fortune.
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, Joint Patrons, NHS Charities Together, this afternoon visited Clitheroe Community Hospital, Chatburn Road, Clitheroe, and were received by Mrs Christine Kirk (Vice Lord-Lieutenant of Lancashire).
Their Royal Highnesses afterwards visited Church on the Street Ministries, 1-7 Hammerton Street, Burnley, Lancashire.