#MaternalInfluence

[recsspecs]

And that brings us back to the Chinese mother. Not only can people see events in these two different ways – they also see themselves differently. I can see me as a central, single ego, controlling my destiny and my environment. Or I can see me as a sort of node in a network – as a me which exists in a context, not independently of it. When Westerners think about their selves and their mothers, there is no overlap in the parts of the brain they use, but for the Chinese, their individual self is physically embedded in their brains’ representation of their mothers. The Chinese self, then, is part of a greater whole, not a clear and distinct entity: this is a collectivist psychology. Neurologically speaking, a collectivist view of the self is probably a more accurate picture than the Western individual notion. While in the West, thanks to St Bernard and his followers, we have come to give the self an almost religious significance and value, in Buddhist and Confucian thinking the self is rather a transient and changing phenomenon – in some respects it is an illusion. At the very least, ‘I’ do not exist outside of the network of relationships that I have with other people and if I had been brought up as a feral child with no contact with other people I would probably not have much of a ‘self’: ‘I’ exist in the reflections of the minds of the people, particularly of those who raised me.

The Winner Effect: The Neuroscience of Success and Failure

[data-science-analytics-spat-blog]

Updating variables for focus for final assignment. 

New variables with focused variables to answer research question, the new variables being: 

1. Involvement in a physical fight.

physicalVoilence frequencies indicative of the involvement in physical fights: 

     0 - Never involved, 1- Once , 2- More than once.

2. Relationship with father.

paternalInfluence frequencies indicative of the strength of relationship with father:

    1 - Really strong, 2 - Strong, 3 - Neutral, 4- Poor, 5- Really Poor.

3. Relationship with mother. 

maternalInfluence frequencies indicative of the strength of relationship with father:

   1 - Really strong, 2 - Strong, 3 - Neutral, 4- Poor, 5- Really Poor.

[surveycircle]

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[recsspecs]

Morris and Peng wanted to compare how the English-speaking, non-Chinese reporters covered the two murders, in comparison with the Chinese-background, Chinese-language reporters. What they discovered showed a fundamental difference in their interpretation of events. The English-speaking journalists were much more likely to focus on McIlvane’s personality, his mental instability and his short fuse, while the Chinese reporters focused much more on the context, such as the fact that he had recently been fired, that the postal supervisor may have been harassing him and that he may have been influenced by a recent mass shooting in Texas. The two sets of reporters showed the same sort of difference in approach to their coverage of the Chinese student’s mass killing spree.

The Winner Effect: The Neuroscience of Success and Failure

[data-science-analytics-spat-blog]

Running Analysis of Variance

Dataset: Adolescent health - AddHealth

Variables in use:

1. H1FV13 - Is a quantitative measure ranging from 0 to 365 with the answers of respondents to the question :

During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight in which you were injured and had to be treated by a doctor or nurse?

2. physicalViolence - Is a categorical measure; answers of respondents to the question:

You got in a physical fight. [ 0 - No, 1 - Once, 2 - More than once; ]

3. paternalCare - Is a categorical measure; answers of respondents to the question:

How much do you think your father(fatherly figure if present) cares about you? [ 1- not at all, 2- very little,3- somewhat,4-quite a bit, 5- very much

CODE: 

LIBNAME mydata "/courses/d1406ae5ba27fe300" access=readonly; DATA new; set mydata.addhealth_pds; Keep H1FV5  H1WP14 H1FV13 physicalViolence paternalCare; LABEL physicalViolence='Involvement in a physical fight'      paternalInfluence='Relationship with father'      maternalInfluence='Relationship with mother'; /* data management for physical voilence */ if H1FV5 = 8 or H1FV5 = 9 or H1FV5 = 6 then physicalViolence =''; if H1FV5 = 0 then physicalViolence = '0'; /* Never */ if H1FV5 = 1 then physicalViolence = '1'; /* Once */ if H1FV5 = 2 then physicalViolence = '2'; /* More than once */ /*data management for satisfaction with relation with father */ if H1WP14 = 6 or H1WP14 = 7 or H1WP14 = 8 or H1WP14 = 9 then paternalCare =''; /*refused, legitimate skip, don't know, not applicable, refused - eliminated */ if H1WP14 = 1 then paternalCare = '1'; /* strongly agree, very much , always ( H1RM12/11 - 6 brings/takes me home from/to school )*/ if H1WP14 = 2 then paternalCare = '2'; /* agree, quite a bit, most of the time */ if H1WP14 = 3 then paternalCare = '3'; /* neither agree or disagree , somewhat, some of the time */ if H1WP14 = 4 then paternalCare = '4'; /* disagree, very little, almost never */ if H1WP14 = 5 then paternalCare = '5'; /* strongly disagree, not at all, never */ /*data management for H1FV13 */ if H1FV13 = 996 or H1FV13 = 997 or H1FV13 = 998 or H1FV13 = 999 or H1FV13 > 365 or H1FV13 < 0 then H1FV13 = 0; /*H1FV13 Quantitative- How many fights have you been involved in during last 12 months: Range 0 to 365 ANOVA : Explanatory - physicalViolence; Response - H1FV13 */ PROC ANOVA; CLASS physicalViolence; MODEL H1FV13=physicalViolence; MEANS physicalViolence/DUNCAN; RUN;

PROC ANOVA; CLASS paternalCare; MODEL H1FV13=paternalCare; MEANS paternalCare; RUN;

RESULTS:

1. physicalViolence

Model Interpretation for ANOVA results:

When examining the association between the number of physical fights leading to injury (quantitative response) and involvement in physical violence(categorical explanatory), an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that among adolescents (my sample), those with more than once involvement in physical violence reported significantly more fights leading to serious injury (Mean=1.35, s.d. ±17.72) compared to those who didn’t engage in physical violence (Mean=0.32, s.d. ±8.04), F-value=4.77, p=0.0085<0.05.

Model Interpretation for post hoc ANOVA results:

ANOVA revealed that among adolescents (my sample), the number of physical fights engaged in by the adolescent (collapsed into 3 categories, which is the categorical explanatory variable) and number of fights leading to serious injury (quantitative response variable) were significantly associated, p = 0.0085. Post hoc comparisons of mean number of physical fights leading to serious injury by pairs of physical fight engagement categories revealed that those individuals getting involved in more than one physical fight reported significantly more physical fights with serious injuries, compared to those not involved in any fight. All other comparisons were statistically similar.

2 - paternalCare

Model Interpretation for ANOVA results:

When examining the association between the number of physical fights leading to injury (quantitative response) and the level of care from father/fatherly figure(categorical explanatory), an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that among adolescents (my sample), those with fathers who cared more did not  report significantly more fights leading to serious injury (Mean=0.42, s.d. ±10.07) compared to those with fathers who cared less about them (Mean=1.0, s.d. ±3.07), F-value=0.56, p=0.6915.

[surveycircle]

Participants needed for online survey! Topic: "Maternal influences on eating behaviours" https://t.co/w0qmRN2r45 via @SurveyCircle #Maternal #Eating #Children #Fussiness #EatingBehaviours #MaternalInfluences #Survey pic.twitter.com/7ZsgZBFjNH

— Daily Research (@daily_research) February 22, 2019