#Mini-size CWDM

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Introduction of Fiber Optic Coupler with its Benefits & Classification

Introduction of Fiber Optic Coupler with its Benefits & Classification

A fiber optic coupler is an indispensable part of the world of electrical devices. Without these no signals would be transmitted or converted from inputs to outputs. This is the reason these are so important thereby this article discussed about these, introduction, classification and benefits in detail.

Fiber Optic Coupleris an optical cog that is capable of connecting single or multiple fiber…

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Uses for an optical isolator

Rotators Difference between an Optical Circulator & Isolator & RotatorĪn optical circulator is used to route the incoming light signals from port 1 to port 2 in a way that if some of the emitted light is reflected back to the circulator, it doesn’t exit from port 1 but from port 3. This rotator is used for amplitude modulation of light and is an integral part of optical isolators and optical circulators. What is an optical rotator?Īn optical rotator is typically an in-line Faraday rotator that is designed to rotate the polarization of the input light by 45 degrees. This is what makes it possible to achieve higher isolation. Hence, it adds to the total of 90 degrees when light travels in the forward direction and then the same in the backward direction. It happens because of the change in the relative magnetic field direction, positive one way, and negative the other way. It means that the rotation is positive 45 degrees in the forward direction and negative 45 degrees in the reverse direction. The polarization rotation caused by the Faraday rotator always remains in the same relative direction. Its main component is the Faraday rotator which ensures non-reciprocal rotation while maintaining linear polarization. What is an optical isolator?Īlso known as an optical diode, an optical isolator is an optical passive component that allows the light to travel in only one direction. While some circulators are three-port devices, there are also four-port circulators. In short, it is designed such that the light coming from one port exits from the next port. What is an optical circulator?Īn optical circulator is a high-performance light-wave component that is designed to route the incoming light signals from Port 1 to Port 2 and the incoming light signals from Port 2 to Port 3. Circulator & Isolator & RotatorĪs we are discussing specifically optical passive components, you will learn here about optical circulators, optical isolators, and optical rotators rather than their electronic counterparts. So, if you are curious to know about these little yet important optical passive components, read the blog till the end. We will first talk about what these components exactly are and then share what makes them different from each other. Today, we will discuss three different optical passive components, namely circulator & isolator & rotator. What is a polarization maintaining filter coupler?.A Concise Selection Guide for In-Line Polarizers.What is the importance of 80um PM fiber components?.The Growing Demand for PM Fiber Components in 2023 and Beyond.Why Should Polarization Maintaining Filter Coupler Feature High Extinction Ratio?.Polarizing Beam combiners/splitters (2).High Power Faraday Rotator and Isolator (1).(6+1)X1 Pump and Signal Combiner 2+1X1 Pump Combiner 8CH CWDM Module 16CH CWDM Module 19" rack mount chassis CWDM 1060nm Cladding Power Stripper 1064nm Band-pass Filter 1064nm Components 1064nm Fiber Collimator 1064nm High Power Isolator ABS plastic box Cladding Power Stripper Collimator Compact CWDM Module CWDM CWDM Multiplexer CWDM Mux/Demux CWDM MUX/DEMUX Module DWDM DWDM Multiplexer fiber optica connector fiber optic coupler FTTX Fused Coupler fused wdm FWDM High Power Fused Coupler High power isolator Isolator LGX CWDM Module Mini Size CWDM Mini Size Fused WDM Multimode High Power Isolator OADM optical circulator optical coupler Optical fiber communication optical isolator PLC Splitter pm circulator PM Components pm isolator pump combiner Pump Laser Protector WDM DK Categories

[dkphotonic]

We are one of the leading companies in designing and manufacturing of high quality optical passive components mainly for telecommunication, fiber sensor and fiber laser applications. Headquartered and factory are located in Shenzhen of China. Cost effective, best quality and best service are always our goal. DK Photonics produces a large array of fiber-optic components such as High Power Isolator,1064nm Components,PM Components,Pump Combiner,Pump Laser Protector,which using for fiber laser applications.Also have Mini-size 4/8 CH CWDM,100GHz/200GHz DWDM, Optical Circulator, PM Circulator, PM Isolator, Fused Coupler,Mini Size Fused WDM. For more detail Visit - http://dkphotonics.com/

[swedishtelecomopto-blog]

Swedish Telecom Opto compact size Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexers(Mini CWDM, Compact CWDM, CCWDM), are integrated optical modules using Our proprietary optical bench platform which can significantly improve optical performance, while also reduce manufacturing cost.

[hycsystem]

CCWDM(Compact CWDM) is mini CWDM devices with the small-sized package. HYC offers a full range of CCWDM module that provides bandwidth capacity expansion for future network growth. http://bit.ly/2KxpVOc

[cwdm-module-blog]

DK Photonics now offers a Mini CWDM (compact CWDM) module that provides bandwidth capacity expansion for future network growth in one of the industry’s smallest packages. Visit http://www.dkphotonics.com/product/mini-cwdm-module.html

[megastephanieli-blog]

SFP 40 km VS. DWDM SFP: Which to Choose?

Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) is a compact, hot-pluggable transceiver used for both telecommunication and data communications applications. It is also called mini-GBIC for its smaller size, which is the upgraded version of GBIC transceiver. These 1Gb SFP modules are capable of supporting speeds up to 4.25 Gbps. And they are most often used for Fast Ethernet of Gigabit Ethernet applications. It interfaces a network device motherboard (for a switch, router, media converter or similar device) to a fiber optic or copper networking cable. SFP modules are commonly available in several different categories: 1000BASE-T SFP, 1000BASE-EX SFP, 1000BASE-SX SFP, 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP, 1000BASE-BX SFP, 1000BASE-ZX SFP, CWDM SFP and DWDM SFP. These modules support different distance according to the different Gigabit Ethernet standard. Today’s main subject will discuss SFP 40 km vs. DWDM SFP.

SFP 40 km

SFP 40 km transceiver is designed for highly reliable fiber optic network links up to 40 km. It is a cost effective transceiver designed to enable 1Gb for data center and core network applications. 1000BASE-EX SFP is the most popular SFP 40 km transceiver which runs on 1310nm wavelength lasers and achieves 40km link length. Except that, 1000BASE-BX BiDi SFP, 1000BASE-LH SFP and 1000BASE-LX SFP can also realize the transmission distance up to 40 km. The following will introduce these 1GbE SFP 40 km transceivers respectively.

1000BASE-EX SFP 40 km

1000BASE-EX SFP transceiver module is designed to connect a Gigabit Ethernet port to a network and has dual LC/PC single mode connectors. It operates on standard single-mode fiber-optic link spans of up to 40 km in length. The SFP Ethernet module provides a dependable and cost-effective way to add, replace or upgrade the ports on switches, routers and other networking equipment. Cisco GLC-EX-SM1550-40 and Cisco GLC-EX-SMD are 1G single mode fiber SFP 40 km modules for 1000BASE-EX Gigabit Ethernet transmission. GLC-EX-SM1550-40 supports a 1550nm wavelength signaling, while GLC-EX-SMD supports a 1310nm wavelength signaling.

1000BASE-BX SFP 40 km

1000BASE-BX SFP is a kind of BiDi transceiver, which can be divided into 1000BASE-BX-D SFP and 1000BASE-BX-U SFP. These two SFP transceivers must be used in pairs to permit a bidirectional Gigabit Ethernet connection using a single strand of single mode fiber (SMF) cable. The 1000BASE-BX-D SFP operates at wavelengths of 1490nm TX/1310nm RX, and the 1000BASE-BX-U SFP operates at wavelengths of 1310nm TX/1490nm RX.

1000BASE-BX-D BiDi SFP 40 km

Cisco GLC-BX40-D-I and GLC-BX40-DA-I are pluggable fiber optical transceivers for Gigabit Ethernet 1000BASE-BX and Fiber Channel communications. They support link length of up to 40 km point to point on single mode fiber at 1Gbps bidirectional and use an LC connector. The GLC-BX40-D-I transceiver transmits a 1490nm channel and receives a 1310nm signal, whereas GLC-BX40-DA-I transmits at a 1550nm wavelength and receives a 1310nm signal.

1000BASE-BX-U BiDi SFP 40 km

Similar to 1000BASE-BX-D 40 km SFP , Cisco GLC-BX40-U-I and GLC-BX40-UA-I also support link length of up to 40 km point to point on single mode fiber at 1Gbps bidirectional and use an LC connector. The main difference is the wavelength: GLC-BX40-U-I transmits a 1310nm channel and receives a 1550nm signal, whereas GLC-BX40- UA-I transmits at a 1310nm wavelength and receives a 1490nm signal. A GLC-BX40-D-I or GLC-BX40-DA-I device connects to a GLC-BX40-U-I or GLC-BX40-UA-I device with a single strand of standard SMF with an operating transmission range up to 40 km.

1000BASE-LX SFP 40 km

1000BASE-LX is a standard specified in IEEE 802.3 Clause 38 which uses a long wavelength laser. The “LX” in 1000BASE-LX stands for long wavelength, indicating that this version of Gigabit Ethernet is intended for use with long-wavelength transmissions (1270 - 1355nm) over long cable runs of fiber optic cabling. Allied Telesis AT-SPLX40 and Allied Telesis AT-SPLX40/1550 are 1000BASE-LX SFP single-mode modules supports Gigabit Ethernet over single-mode cables at distances up to 40 km. AT-SPLX40 operates over a wavelength of 1310nm for 40 km, whereas AT-SPLX40/1550 operates over a wavelength of 1550nm.

1000BASE-LH SFP 40 km

Unlike 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASE-LH is just a term widely used by many vendors. Long Haul (LH) denotes longer distances, so 1000BASE-LH SFP modules operate at a distance up to 70 km over single mode fiber. Cisco Linksys MGBLH1 is a easy-to-install modules that provide a simple way to add fiber connectivity or to add an extra Gigabit Ethernet port to switches. The MGE transceiver can support distances up to 40 km over single-mode fiber at a 1310nm wavelength.

DWDM SFP

DWDM SFP transceivers are used as part of a DWDM optical network to provide high-capacity bandwidth across an optical fiber network, which is a high performance, cost effective module for serial optical data communication applications up to 4.25Gb/s. DWDM transceiver uses different wavelengths to multiplex several optical signal onto a single fiber, without requiring any power to operate. There are 32 fixed-wavelength DWDM SFPs that support the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) 100-GHz wavelength grid. The DWDM SFP can be also used in DWDM SONET/SDH (with or without FEC), but for longer transmission distance like 200 km links and Ethernet/Fibre Channel protocol traffic for 80 km links. Cisco C61 DWDM-SFP-2877-40 is a 1000BASE-DWDM SFP 40km transceiver, which is designed to support distance up to 40 km over single-mode fiber and operate at a 1528.77nm DWDM wavelength (Channel 61) as specified by the ITU-T.

SFP 40 km VS. DWDM SFP

Transmission Medium

Generally, the standard SFP 40 km transceivers transmit through the single mode fiber, while DWDM SFP carries signals onto a single optical fiber to achieve maximum distances by using different wavelengths of laser light. So the DWDM SFP transceivers do not require any power to operate.

Wavelength

The standard SFP 40 km transceivers support distances up to 40 km over single-mode fiber at a 1310nm/1550nm wavelength. (the BiDi SFP has 1490nm/1550nm TX & 1310nm RX or 1310nm TX & 1490nm/1550nm RX ). However, DWDM SFP operates at a nominal DWDM wavelength from 1528.38 to 1563.86nm onto a single- mode fiber. Among them, 40 km DWDM SFP operates at a 1528.77nm DWDM wavelength (Channel 61).

Application

DWDM SFP is used in DWDM SONET/SDH, Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel applications. These modules support operation at 100Ghz channel. The actual SFP transceiver offers a transparent optical data transmission of different protocols via single mode fiber. And for back-to-back connectivity, a 5-dB inline optical attenuator should be inserted between the fiber optic cable and the receiving port on the SFP at each end of the link.

Price

DWDM provides ultimate scalability and reach for fiber networks. Boosted by Erbium Doped-Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs)  - a sort of performance enhancer for high-speed communications, DWDM systems can work over thousands of kilometers. Most commonly, DWDM SFP is much more expensive than the standard SFP. You can see the price more clearly in the following cable.

Conclusion

1000BASE SFP transceiver is the most commonly used component for Gigabit Ethernet application. With so many types available in the market, careful notice should be given to the range of differences, both in distance and price of multimode and single-mode fiber optics. Through SFP 40 km vs. DWDM SFP, if you are looking for SFP modules over long distance and with better scalability, DWDM SFP module is the ideal choice.

Related Article: SFP Transceiver: To Be or Not To Be?

[cloriscai-blog1]

A Closer Look at Fanless Switch

If your laptop has built-in fan, you must have gone through such experience: when your laptop has been working for a long time, it will be heating. Then, you may start the fan to cool your laptop down. However, there will be noise. So does network switch. Compared with other optical components, network switch is larger. And ongoing work will cause overheating. Therefore, many network switches are designed with fans and very noisy. Is there any solution that is the best of both worlds? The answer is “Yes”. Fanless switch can do this. This article will guide you have a closer look at fanless switch.

Overview of Fanless Switch

Taken literally, fanless switch does not have any fans built into it, thus it has a quiet operation. But how is it cooled down? In fact, engineers employ passive cooling system for fanless switch to transfer heat. The passive cooling system achieves high levels of natural convection and heat dissipation by utilizing a heat spreader or a heat sink to maximize the radiation and convection heat transfer modes. Therefore, it can provide energy efficiency and lower financial cost. With passive cooling system, fanless switch is a cost-effective and energy-efficient solution that maintains optimal operating temperature without causing much noise.

While fan switch utilizes active cooling system which refers to cooling technologies that rely on an external device to enhance heat transfer. Through active cooling system, the rate of fluid flow increases during convection, which dramatically increases the rate of heat removal. Apart from the unpleasant noise, the main disadvantage of active cooling system is that it requires larger power consumption and costs more than passive cooling system.

FS 8-Port Gigabit PoE Fanless Switch

FS 8-port Gigabit PoE fanless switch is designed with 8x 10/100/1000BASE-T RJ45 Ethernet ports, 1x console port, and 2x gigabit SFP slots. It has Layer2+ switching features and the switching capacity is 20Gbps. This 8-port fanless switch also support PoE function. It can supply power to network equipment such as weather-proof IP cameras with windshield wiper and heater, high-performance access point and IP telephone. The max power consumption of this managed PoE switch is 130W. In addition, this fanless switch has Mini body. Whether it is in the data room, office, or installed to other places, it can save you more space and make networking more convenient. To accomplish the link, you can use 100BASE SFP, 1000BASE SFP, BIDI SFP, CWDM SFP, DWDM SFP optical transceiver or 1000BASE-T SFP copper RJ-45 transceiver. FS.COM provides many high-quality compatible SFP modules for 8-port fanless switch. Here is a figure of FS 8-port Gigabit fanless switch for you.

Conclusion

Network switch has become an integral part of optical link, serving as the central system. But the noise is the main problem that many data center managers are faced with. To overcome this, silent fanless switch has already been available on the market. At FS.COM, small and medium-sized business can find reliable and affordable fanless switches. Like the above fanless switch, it is US $159.00. These switches are designed with high resistance to electromagnetic interference. They also features superior performance in stability, environmental adaptability. What’s more, they provide service like a one-year limited warranty, including any quality problems during the free maintenance. Besides, there are cheap and quality optical transceiver at FS.COM. And all of them are tested for 100% functionality and guaranteed compatible for outstanding network performance.

[cwdm-module-blog]

DK Photonics now offers a Mini CWDM module that provides bandwidth capacity expansion for future network growth in one of the industry’s smallest packages. Please call us +86-0755-36820366. Visit http://www.dkphotonics.com/product/mini-cwdm-module.html

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Know the Difference between CWDM and DWDM

Know the Difference between CWDM and DWDM

A WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) is a system that uses a multiplexing (at the transmitter) and a demultiplexer (at the receiver) for the completion of the process and transmission of the signals.

The WDM is divided into three types (WDM, CWDM and DWDM) on the basis of wavelength difference among the three. The article discusses the main differences among CWDM and DWDM.

CWDM stands for…

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Data Bottleneck Solutions for your Business with Compact CWDM Mux and Demux

Data Bottleneck Solutions for your Business with Compact CWDM Mux and Demux

Communication networks are vulnerable to data congestion. This limits the end users from accessing certain links including mobile radio towers. The problem has led to management of dedicated links by a large number of wireless carriers through the optical fiber network connection.

Depending on the requirement standards the service provider is expected to comply, some even go to the extent of…

[cwdm-module-blog]

DK Photonics now offers a Mini CWDM (compact CWDM) module that provides bandwidth capacity expansion for future network growth in one of the industry’s smallest packages. http://www.dkphotonics.com/product/mini-cwdm-module.html/

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10-Year Forecast – Fiber Optic Sensors

According to ElectroniCast, the combined use of Distributed and Point fiber optics sensors are forecast to reach $5.98 Billion in 2026…

ElectroniCast Consultants, a leading market/technology forecast consultancy, today announced the release of their market forecast and analysis of the global consumption of Fiber Optic Sensors.

According to the study, the combined use of Distributed and Point (local) fiber optics sensors reached $3.38 Billion last year (2016), and the worldwide value is forecast to reach $5.98 Billion in 10-years (2026). Market forecast data in this study report refers to consumption (use) for a particular calendar year; therefore, this data is not cumulative data.

Both the American region and the EMEA region held similar market share in the overall (distributed- and point-types) fiber optic sensor value last year. The Europe, Middle East, Africa region (EMEA) held a very slight lead in relative market (value) share last year; however, the Asia Pacific region (APAC) is projected to take-over the leadership position during the forecast period.

The EMEA region is forecast to have a strong role in the use of distributed fiber optic systems, driven by the region’s use of systems in aviation, as well as in the

Petrochemical, Natural Resources, Energy/Utility application categories.

In terms of fiber optic point sensors, the American region is forecast to maintain the market share lead throughout the 1st-half of the forecast period (2016-2021), mostly led by the use of Fiber Optic Gyros (FOGs) in the Military/Aerospace application category. The consumption values are based on the end-user application and the end-user region.

FOGs held a 65 percent market share of the worldwide Point fiber optic sensor consumption value in 2016. “All regions, thanks mainly to increases in the use in aviation and military critical mission applications (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle/UAV and missile guidance, navigation, north finding/tracking, robotics, aviation and aeronautics and other) are forecast to show impressive increase consumption quantity (volumes) and values for the FOG systems,” said Stephen Montgomery, Director of the Fiber Optics Components group at ElectroniCast Consultants.

The market forecast of the Distributed Sensors is segmented by the following applications:

Manufacturing Process/Factory

Civil Engineering/Construction (buildings, bridges, tunnels, etc)

Military/Aerospace/Security

Petrochemical/Energy/Utilities/Natural Resources

Biomedical/Science

The Fiber Optic Point Sensor Forecast further segmented by the following sensing/measuring quantity (measurand) types:

Mechanical Strain

Temperature

Pressure

Chemical, Gas, Liquid

Vibration, Acoustic, Seismic

Displacement, Acceleration, Proximity

Electric, Current and Magnetic Field - Fiber Optic Sensors

Rotation (such as Fiber Optic Gyroscopes: FOGs)

“ElectroniCast counts each Point fiber optic sensor as one unit; however, the volume/quantity (number of units) of Distributed fiber optic sensors is based on a complete optical fiber line/link, which we classify as a system. Since a distributed optical fiber line (system) may have 100s of sensing elements in a continuous-line, it is important to note that we count all of those sensing elements in a distributed system as one (system) unit – only. Distributed fiber optic sensor systems involve the optic fiber with the sensors embedded with the fiber; also included is the optoelectronic transmitter/receiver, connectors, optical fiber, cable (fiber jacket) the sensor elements, and other related components,” Montgomery added.

According to ElectroniCast, the combined use of Distributed and Point fiber optics sensors reached $3.38 Billion in 2016…

Continuous Distributed and Point Fiber Optic Sensor

Global Consumption ($3.38 Billion in 2016)

Source: ElectroniCast Consultants

Tags: CWDM Multiplexer, DWDM Multiplexer,19" rack mount chassis CWDM, CWDM MUX/DEMUX Module, LGX CWDM Module,8CH CWDM Module, 16CH CWDM Module, 100GHz DWDM Mux/Demux, 200GHz DWDM Mux/Demux

DK Photonics – www.dkphotonics.com  specializes in designing and manufacturing of high quality optical passive components mainly for telecommunication, fiber sensor and fiber laser applications,such as 1064nm High Power Isolator,1064nm Components, PM Components, (2+1)x1 Pump Combiner,Pump Laser Protector,Mini-size CWDM,100GHz DWDM,Optical Circulator,PM Circulator,PM Isolator,Fused Coupler,Mini Size Fused WDM.

[dkphotonics]

Global Fiber Optic Components Market 2017-2021

Fiber optic components are an integral part of the fiber optic infrastructure that is deployed across countries as well as continents to meet the increasing demand for the fiber optic communication. The global fiber optic communication market majorly consists of two segments that are fiber optic cables and fiber optic components. Fiber optic cables use light as the carrier to transfer information between two places. They are used in fiber optic communication wherein they transmit these signals at long distances. They support higher bandwidth as compared to copper cables, which makes them a preferred choice for next-generation communication technologies such as 4G and 5G. Optical signals can resist electromagnetic interference. This results in a lower attenuation of the signal, and it becomes less prone to noise. The analysts forecast the global fiber optic components market to grow at a CAGR of 10.37% during the period 2017-2021. Commenting on the report, an analyst from the research team said: "The latest trend gaining momentum in the market is increasing long-haul and ultralong-haul networks. Long-haul optic networks are used for the transmission of information over optic fiber cables for long distances. Long-haul optics are used to connect countries and cities across the globe. Most of these networks range from hundreds to thousands of kilometers. They have mostly migrated to 10 Gbps-based DWDM systems with 32 channels or more." According to the report, one of the major drivers for this market is Increasing migration from copper to optic fiber. The major driver for the growth of the fiber optic components market is the migration from copper cabling to optic fiber. Copper fiber uses electrical impulses to send information across long distances. This leads to large attenuations and distortion of data. Copper wires can easily be tapped, which can lead to security issues and challenges. Optic fibers are inexpensive, lightweight, and non-flammable, and can carry higher bandwidths than copper wires. Further, the report states that one of the major factors hindering the growth of this market is High price of components and their installation. Fiber optic components are priced much higher than their copper counterparts. For instance, the price of a desktop computer network interface card for 10 or 100 Mbps Ethernet on Cat 5 ranges between $60 and $80. Whereas, the price of a fiber network interface card is $100-$400. The cost of fibers varies widely as they have numerous cable and connector styles. Each connector is priced from $1 to $15. The installation cost of a fiber optic line can go up to $30,000 for an entire building. If an ISP chooses to opt for an optic fiber connection, they would need to dig out the entire copper installation wiring and replace it with optical fibers. GoogleFiber, a provider of fiber to the premises, estimated that the cost of wiring a fiber network into a major American city would cost approximately $1 billion. This is an extremely expensive process as ISPs opt for upgrades rather than dig up the entire line.

 Tags: CWDM Multiplexer, DWDM Multiplexer,19" rack mount chassis CWDM, CWDM MUX/DEMUX Module, LGX CWDM Module,8CH CWDM Module, 16CH CWDM Module, 100GHz DWDM Mux/Demux, 200GHz DWDM Mux/Demux

DK Photonics – www.dkphotonics.com  specializes in designing and manufacturing of high quality optical passive components mainly for telecommunication, fiber sensor and fiber laser applications,such as 1064nm High Power Isolator,1064nm Components, PM Components, (2+1)x1 Pump Combiner,Pump Laser Protector,Mini-size CWDM,100GHz DWDM,Optical Circulator,PM Circulator,PM Isolator,Fused Coupler,Mini Size Fused WDM.

m

[cwdm-module-blog]

High Power Isolator and PM Components are our major focuses. Our high power Isolator offer up to 50~100 W power handling for fiber laser applications. Our PM Components offer excellent optical performance, high reliability, and high extinction ratio which results in the development of high-speed optical leading edge products. DK Photonics' promotion products including:1064nm High Power Isolator,1064nm Components, PM Components, (2+1)x1 Pump Combiner,Pump Laser Protector,Mini-size CWDM,100GHz DWDM,Optical Circulator,PM Circulator,PM Isolator,Fused Coupler,Mini Size Fused WDM.  You are most welcome to contact DK Photonics to explore a wide range of promising business opportunities.

Address:7/F, Bldg. C, Qinghu Technology Park Qingxiang Rd., Longhua New Dis. Shenzhen, Guangdong, China  518109

Tel:+86-755-36820366 Website: http://www.dkphotonics.com/