#PHP echo vs print

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PHP Syntax Tutorial for Beginners | Basic PHP Syntax

Learn the basics of PHP syntax in this beginner-friendly guide. Understand PHP tags, variables, data types, echo, print, comments, and more with easy examples. Mastering PHP Syntax: A Beginner’s Guide PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open-source server-side scripting language that is especially suited for web development. Before diving deep into PHP development, it’s essential to…

[programmingpath]

Echo vs Print in php

for_experience #php #shorts #coding #coding #programming #webdev #softwaredev #developers #learncode #codetutorial #beginnercoding #webdevelopment #fullstackdeveloper #frontenddeveloper #backenddeveloper #softwareengineer #techtok #echo #print

[ssstargirl613]

PHP OOP

Class: Just a collection of functions and attributes that serve as a blueprint.

Library: Just contains lots of functions

Framework: Just a bunch of classes, can have built-in functions that developers can use

Creating a Class

UpperCamelCase = class Noodles { }

Constructor Method

 __construct()

 __construct($param)

Methods

public function welcome() { echo "Welcome!"; }

Instantiation

$bowl1 = new Noodles();

$bowl2 = new Noodles();

$bowl3 = new Noodles();

Calling a Method

$bowl1->welcome()

Method Chaining

Method chaining is returning $this so that when a function is called, it returns the object ($this) and because it returns the $this, you can call another method again. Therefore it's called, method CHAINing.

function method(){ stuff here like print and operations etc return $this; } $item1 = new Item(); $item1->method()->method()->method();

Procedural PHP vs OOP PHP and Design Patterns

Procedural PHP is like storing 100 photos in one folder.

OOP PHP has the ability to create folders inside that folder to better organize the 100 photos. Now, is there one perfect way to organize these photos? No. That's why there are what we call Design Patterns. An example of this is the MVC framework. Example in this case, let's create a folder for the photos called Models. Then another folder called Views. Then another folder called Controllers.

Basically OOP is a neat way to store data.

When to use OOP? When your project is NOT simple.

[qwertsypage]

DRY – Don’t Repeat Yourself

Don’t Repeat Yourself ( DRY ) is a principle of software development and its main goal is to avoid code duplication.

“Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system” Andrew Hunt and David Thomas: The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to Master

Basically, when you find yourself writing the same code over and over again, there may be a better way to do it. 

  Practical case: Don’t Repeat Yourself

Let’s write an example, see whether it can be improved and do some refactors to avoid duplication.

Here there is a simple Report class which receives some data and print it via the console in a formatted way.

class Report { public function show(array $data) { echo "Report: " . ucwords(strtolower($data["name"])) . "\n"; echo "Product: " . ucwords(strtolower($data["product"])) . "\n"; echo "Start date: " . date("Y/m/d", $data["startDate"]) . "\n"; echo "End date: " . date("Y/m/d", $data["endDate"]) . "\n"; echo "Total: " . $data["total"] . "\n"; echo "Average x day: " . floor($data["total"] / 365) . "\n"; echo "Average x week: " . floor($data["total"] / 52) . "\n"; } }

This code could be improved, but let’s say we are ok for the moment. A new request for the report: it should be saved to a file. Easy right? Let’s do some copy and paste, some small changes and after some minutes we are done:

class Report { public function show(array $data) { echo "Report: " . ucwords(strtolower($data["name"])) . "\n"; echo "Product: " . ucwords(strtolower($data["product"])) . "\n"; echo "Start date: " . date("Y/m/d", $data["startDate"]) . "\n"; echo "End date: " . date("Y/m/d", $data["endDate"]) . "\n"; echo "Total: " . $data["total"] . "\n"; echo "Average x day: " . floor($data["total"] / 365) . "\n"; echo "Average x week: " . floor($data["total"] / 52) . "\n"; echo "Average x month: " . floor($data["total"] / 12) . "\n"; } public function saveToFile(array $data) { $report = ''; $report .= "Report: " . ucwords(strtolower($data["name"])) . "\n"; $report .= "Product: " . ucwords(strtolower($data["product"])) . "\n"; $report .= "Start date: " . date("Y/m/d", $data["startDate"]) . "\n"; $report .= "End date: " . date("Y/m/d", $data["endDate"]) . "\n"; $report .= "Total: " . $data["total"] . "\n"; $report .= "Average x day: " . floor($data["total"] / 365) . "\n"; $report .= "Average x week: " . floor($data["total"] / 52) . "\n"; $report .= "Average x month: " . floor($data["total"] / 12) . "\n"; file_put_contents("./report.txt", $report); } }

Wait, wait!!! Are we really done here? Of course, the request is fulfilled but it doesn’t seem very correct from a technical point of view. It is full of duplications everywhere (although the code is just a few bunches of lines). WET is everywhere (Write Everything Twice: the opposite of DRY).

Let’s do some refactoring here. These two methods mainly do the same and the only difference is the final output. A good start here is to extract the body to a new method. This way we’ll have a single source of truth: the report will be only created in a unique point. The other methods will have the single responsibility to decide what to do with the report.

class Report { public function show(array $data) { echo $this->createReport($data); } public function saveToFile(array $data) { file_put_contents("./report.txt", $this->createReport($data)); } private function createReport(array $data): string { $report = ''; $report .= "Report: " . ucwords(strtolower($data["name"])) . "\n"; $report .= "Product: " . ucwords(strtolower($data["product"])) . "\n"; $report .= "Start date: " . date("Y/m/d", $data["startDate"]) . "\n"; $report .= "End date: " . date("Y/m/d", $data["endDate"]) . "\n"; $report .= "Total: " . $data["total"] . "\n"; $report .= "Average x day: " . floor($data["total"] / 365) . "\n"; $report .= "Average x week: " . floor($data["total"] / 52) . "\n"; $report .= "Average x month: " . floor($data["total"] / 12) . "\n"; return $report; } }

Much better now, right? Anything else? There are some small duplications to be fixed. 

For example, there are the same transformations on the name of the report and the product:

$report .= "Report: " . ucwords(strtolower($data["name"])) . "\n"; $report .= "Product: " . ucwords(strtolower($data["product"])) . "\n";

We could extract these transformations to a new method (or even better, to a library with its own unit tests):

private function normalizeName($name): string { return ucwords(strtolower($name)); }

Another duplication: the date format.

$report .= "Start date: " . date("Y/m/d", $data["startDate"]) . "\n"; $report .= "End date: " . date("Y/m/d", $data["endDate"]) . "\n";

Let’s extract that to:

private function formatDate($date): string { return date("Y/m/d", $date); }

And the last one: the average calculation.

$report .= "Average x day: " . floor($data["total"] / 365) . "\n"; $report .= "Average x week: " . floor($data["total"] / 52) . "\n"; $report .= "Average x month: " . floor($data["total"] / 12) . "\n";

Although the calculation is not exactly the same, we could do something like:

private function calculateAverage(array $data, $period): string { return floor($data["total"] / $period); }

So the final Report class could be:

class Report { public function show(array $data) { echo $this->createReport($data); } public function saveToFile(array $data) { file_put_contents("./report.txt", $this->createReport($data)); } private function createReport(array $data) { $report = ''; $report .= "Report: " . $this->normalizeName($data["name"]) . "\n"; $report .= "Product: " . $this->normalizeName($data["product"]) . "\n"; $report .= "Start date: " . $this->formatDate($data["startDate"]) . "\n"; $report .= "End date: " . $this->formatDate($data["endDate"]) . "\n"; $report .= "Total: " . $data["total"] . "\n"; $report .= "Average x day: " . $this->calculateAverage($data, 365) . "\n"; $report .= "Average x week: " . $this->calculateAverage($data, 52) . "\n"; $report .= "Average x month: " . $this->calculateAverage($data, 12) . "\n"; return $report; } private function formatDate($date): string { return date("Y/m/d", $date); } private function calculateAverage(array $data, $period): string { return floor($data["total"] / $period); } private function normalizeName($name): string { return ucwords(strtolower($name)); } }

Rule of three

This was a simple example but I tried to show the importance of avoiding duplication and how we could deal with it. Of course, sometimes the duplication may not be so easy to spot it. Or to get rid of it you may need some more complexity like applying some design patterns. One important code refactoring is the Rule of three. To repeat once the same code may be ok. But the third time we build the same code, it’s time to refactor and fix the duplication.

  Conclusion: Don’t Repeat Yourself

With all these steps, WET has been removed from our code.

If the report needs any update, it will only be done in one single point. No need to change the same in different places anymore.

The small duplications have been also removed. The methods have meaningful names which explain what they do. Better code.

These methods may be extracted to some helper libraries with unit tests.

Let’s have DRY principle in mind the next you write some code.

But don’t forget the Rule of three!

  If you are interested in receiving more articles about Don’t Repeat Yourself principle, don’t forget to subscribe to our monthly newsletter here. 

  If you found this article about Don’t Repeat Yourself principle interesting, you might like…

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Scala generics II: covariance and contravariance  

Scala generics III: Generalized type constraints

BDD: user interface testing

F-bound over a generic type in Scala

Microservices vs Monolithic architecture

“Almost-infinit” scalability

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[toogalaxyperfection-blog]

American Airlines Is Ditching Chair

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[mindthump]

Employers Are Paying Freelancers Big Bucks for These 25 in-Demand Skills http://ift.tt/2rvFxZS

Want to join the freelancer revolution? Did you know that there are thousands of freelancer jobs that pay six figures?

Over the past ten years, I've both worked as a freelancer and hired countless freelancers, some for six-figure positions. And along the way, I've noticed that there are a few freelancer skills that pay more than others. Want to join the ranks of six-figure and other well remunerated freelancers? Here are the skills that hirers are looking for:

1. Natural language processing/Twilio API Development

Thanks to the emergence of voice-activated assistants, such as Amazon ($AMZN) Echo and Google ($GOOG) Home, natural language processing has become one of, if not the most in-demand freelancing skills.

This particular gig, in which you enable machines to understand human language, requires a background in computer science, artificial intelligence, and linguistics, and can command at its highest levels a salary of well over $100,000 annually.

Related: Why Freelancing Is Perfect for Introverts

2. Swift development

The Apple Watch was developed using the programming language Swift. Since sales for the Apple Watch broke records during the 2016 holiday season, demand for freelancers skilled in developing this iOS app is surging, with an average salary of $85,000. 

3. Social media management

This one shouldn’t come as a surprise. After all, businesses of all sizes are in need of talented individuals to implement and manage the day-to-day activities for their social media marketing campaigns.

While not as high-paying as more-tech related skills, social media managers average between $67,750 and $94,250 per year.

4. Amazon Marketplace Web Services (MWS)

Amazon Marketplace Web Service (Amazon MWS) is an integrated web service API that assists Amazon sellers to programmatically exchange data on listings, orders, payments and reports. Since this online ecommerce site is showing no signs of slowing, there’s a need for freelancers with python skills. This also includes devops companies.

The amount freelancers can charge clients will vary depending on the scope of the project.

Related: Entrepreneurship vs. Freelancing: What's the Difference?

5. AngularJS development

With this skill, you can extend HTML vocabulary in order to build either mobile or desktop web applications. Since this is the framework for dynamic web apps, the demand for this skill should continue to increase.

The average national salary is over $102,000. For a better understanding of this job, check out our programmer guide.

6. MySQL programming

As the world’s most popular open-source database, this skill -- which requires knowledge in web-scripting languages like PHP -- can earn freelancers between $45,495 and $99,187,depending on their experience.

7. Instagram marketing

Out of all the social media channels, Instagram is rapidly becoming the most popular. It’s also underutilized for anyone wanting to grow a business. That’s why the company is searching for marketers experienced with the Gram.

While there professional “Instagrammers” who are making six figures, the average Instagram marketer should expect around $15 per hour. 

8. Twilio API development

Those who can build SMS, voice and messaging applications on an API -- specifically, Twilio’s cloud-based communication platform -- are in high demand; and they can also earn up to a solid $35 per hour.

Related: Repealing Obamacare Will be a Disaster for Freelancers and Entrepreneurs Who Rely on Them

9. Brand strategy

Branding is all the rage these days, which is why both individuals and companies are searching for people who can develop positioning recommendations, guide market research analysis and define brand elements and tone.

The average pay for a brand strategist is $61,044 per year.

10. Business consulting

Business consultants work with clients on everything from strategy, planning and problem solving, to the development of business skills and knowledge. On average, a business consultant earns $71,254 per year. 

Here are a few tips to becoming a better Instagram consultant.

11. Machine learning

According to Upwork, “data science is the fastest-growing category on its site for the second quarter in a row. Machine learning moved from Upwork's spot in Q3 to  number 12 in Q4 "but continues to see rapid growth.”

The average machine learning engineer salary is $114,826. I've found that some of the best engineers in machine learning are found on Toptal. It's another place where you can both hire and get six-figure jobs.

12. 3D rendering

In general, freelance designers are one of the hottest gigs around. Technology like 3D printing has become increasingly prevalent. In fact, it’s anticipated to grow from $4.1 billion in revenue in 2014 to $12.8 billion by 2018. Currently, the average national salary is around $56,000.

13. Zendesk customer support

As support inquiries continue to skyrocket, customer-service software companies like Zendesk are looking for individuals to build customize experiences by placing products into existing APIs, apps and mobile SDKs. Software engineer salaries at Zendesk can range between $76,969 and $134,061. Another option would be to work with a company like Support Ninja. I've used that company and love its service.

14. Information security

Information-security analysts plan, as well as carry out, security measures to protect an organization’s computer networks and systems,  to thwart the increasing number of cyber-attacks.

Information security analysts can charge over $44 per hour.

Related: Hacking Elance: How to Make Money Freelancing

15. R development

R is a programming language and software environment used for statistical computing and graphics, such as polls and surveys, which is commonly used by data miners. It’s supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. An R programmer can earn an average salary of $76,607 per year.

16. User experience design

Both website and app designers demand to be blown away whenever they land on a website or download an app. UX designers are responsible for these tasks through the creation of products that are simple and improve the experience of visitors.

The average national salary is $87,883. I have found most of my best designers on 99Designs, it's a great place to pick up great paying gigs.

17. Node.js development

A Node.js developer is responsible for writing server-side web application logic in JavaScript, as well as variants like CoffeeScript or IcedCoffeeScript. The average salary for a NodeJS developer in the United States is $107,562.

Related: 7 Steps to Launch Your Freelancing Career Full-Time

18. Bluetooth specialist

Now that the iPhone 7 has eliminated the headphone jack, expect a rapid increase in the companies searching for people experienced with this ubiquitous technology. 

IOS Bluetooth QA Engineer salaries at Apple, for example, range between $130,910 and $142,567.

19. Stripe specialist

As more and more businesses look for affordable and flexible options to accept payments, they’re turning to freelancers to help them build a payment platform using APIs from payment infrastructures like Stripe. Stripe specialists can charge up to $95 an hour on freelance sites like Upwork. Looking for other options? Here is a list of the top payments companies, most of which have similar needs!

20. SEO/Content Writing

SEO and content writers help clients increase their visibility online, especially on search engines like Google or Bing, by creating engaging, relevant, and keywordoptimized content. The average salary, nationally, is $40,951.

21. Virtual assistant

Businesses are continuing to restructure and downsize. As such, everyone from business owners and managers to entrepreneurs is turning to virtual assistants to help manage administrative tasks, such as responding to emails, scheduling appointments and even handling public relations services.

The average salary is $15.56 per hour.

Related: The 7 Best Freelance Sites to Find Work

22. Immigration law

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) expects a 6 percent job growth for all lawyers between 2014 and 2024. However, with the anxiety and uncertainty surrounding immigration under the Trump administration, immigration law is on a rapid rise. The median annual salary for lawyers as $115,820.

23. Accounting (CPA)

Despite the plethora of accounting software available, the freelancer generation is still in need of accountants to better understand complex issues like tax codes and deductions.

The average national salary is $65,940.

24. Photography/video editing

According to a report released by Freelancers.com, jobs for photographers have grown by about 22 percent, thanks to the fact that employers are “finally understanding the importance of high-quality pictures on their landing pages.”

The demand for video editing, in particular, saw a 19 percent increase due to the same factors that caused the increase in photography jobs.

25. Voiceover artists

“While voiceover work has been around for decades, the move to digital is enabling talent to record from virtually anywhere," CNBC has noted. “Telephony, audiobook readers, dubbing work, e-learning instruction, animation dialogue and video game voices are just some of the jobs calling for voice actors.”

A voice actor can charge such fees as $100 for a 15-second recording and $250 for a 30- or 60-second commercial, to about $3,000 per audiobook.

Related: Employers Are Paying Freelancers Big Bucks for These 25 in-Demand Skills How to Avoid Regulatory Fire in the Gig Economy 4 Ways Gen Z Will Change Company Culture