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raguram07-blogger · 1 year ago

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Embedded Systems Demystified: Understanding their components and Uses

Embedded systems, the cornerstone of modern technology, are specialized computer systems designed to perform dedicated functions within a larger mechanical or electrical system. These systems, ranging from simple devices like digital watches to complex ones like the control systems in automobiles, are distinguished by their combination of hardware and software, optimized for specific applications. Unlike general-purpose computers that feature versatile processing units and memory for multiple tasks, embedded systems prioritize efficiency, including low power consumption and cost-effective performance, through the integration of microcontrollers, microprocessors, and real-time operating systems (RTOS).

As the backbone of countless applications across various industries, including telecommunications, automotive, medical devices, and even the Internet of Things (IoT), embedded systems play a pivotal role in the evolution of technology. This article delves into the core components that define these systems, such as microprocessors, application software, and printed circuit boards, while exploring their architecture, design principles, and practical applications. It also addresses the challenges in designing these intricate systems, from debugging to customization, and casts a glance at recent advancements and future directions, highlighting how integrated circuits, the 8051 microcontroller, and embedded C programming continue to shape the landscape of embedded systems.

Core Components of Embedded Systems

Embedded systems are integral to numerous devices, functioning through a complex interplay of hardware, software, and real-time operational protocols. Here we break down the essential components that form the backbone of these systems.

Hardware Components

Processor Types: At the heart of every embedded system is a processor, which can be a microprocessor or a microcontroller. Microcontrollers integrate memory and peripheral interfaces, making them ideal for specific control- oriented applications. Conversely, microprocessors require separate integrated circuits for memory and peripherals, offering more flexibility but at a complexity cost.

Memory: Embedded systems utilize two primary types of memory: RAM (volatile) and ROM (non-volatile). The ROM stores permanent instructions for the system, while RAM facilitates the ongoing operations.

Power Supply: Essential for operation, the power supply can be standalone or integrated into a larger system, depending on the design requirements.

Input/Output Ports: These ports are crucial for the system’s interaction with external devices, enabling data transmission through various communication protocols like UART, SPI, and USB.

Software Components

Real-Time Operating System (RTOS): This software manages the hardware resources of embedded systems, optimized for real-time applications. It ensures tasks are completed within strict timing constraints, crucial for applications like medical systems and automotive controls.

Application Software: Tailored to the specific functionalities of the embedded device, this software directly manages device operations and user interactions.

Device Drivers: These software components allow the operating system to interact with the hardware.

Development Tools

Compilers and Assemblers: These tools translate high-level code into machine language that processors can execute. While compilers handle languages like C and C++, assemblers are used for assembly language.

Debuggers and Emulators: Essential for testing, these tools help developers debug the code and emulate hardware operations, ensuring software reliability before deployment.

Integration Technologies

System on Chip (SoC): Integrating all components onto a single microchip, SoC technology simplifies design and enhances performance while reducing power consumption and cost.

Multicore Processing: Allows parallel processing capabilities, enhancing performance and efficiency, particularly in complex applications.

By understanding these core components and their interactions, developers can design more efficient and effective embedded systems, tailored to specific needs and environments.

Design Principles and Architecture

Embedded systems are engineered with specific design principles and architectural frameworks to meet unique operational demands. This section outlines the essential design principles and architectural styles that govern the development of embedded systems.

Key Design Principles

Single-functioned Operation: Each embedded system is developed to perform a specific function, enhancing its efficiency and reliability.

Reactivity and Real-time Operation: These systems are designed to respond to changes in their environment in real- time, a critical feature for applications such as automotive airbag deployment.

Tight Integration of Hardware and Software: Hardware components and application software are closely integrated to optimize performance and reduce power consumption.

Customizability and Flexibility: The architecture allows customization, making embedded systems adaptable to varied requirements.

Low Power Consumption: Design strategies prioritize energy efficiency to extend the life of the system, especially in battery-operated devices.

Compact Size and Cost-Effectiveness: Systems are designed to be small and cost-effective, without compromising on functionality.

Architectural Styles

Embedded systems architecture can be segmented into two primary types:

Harvard Architecture: Separates data and instruction memory, allowing simultaneous data access that speeds up operations

Von Neumann Architecture: Uses a single memory for data and instructions, simplifying the design but potentially slowing the system due to the shared memory

Design Approaches and Considerations

System on Chip (SoC) and Multicore Processing: These technologies integrate multiple components into a singlechip, reducing size and improving performance

Reconfigurable Computing: Offers the flexibility to alter the configuration of the hardware as per changing requirements without halting the system

Design for Manufacturing (DFM): Focuses on designing products that are easier to manufacture, enhancing scalability and reducing costs

Challenges in Design and Architecture

Component Selection and System Integration: Selecting appropriate components that match the system's requirements and ensuring seamless integration pose significant challenges.

Software-Hardware Interface: Designing an effective interface between the software applications and the hardware components is crucial for the optimal functioning of embedded systems.

Heat Dissipation and Environmental Hazards: Special attention is given to managing heat and protecting the system from environmental damages like electrostatic discharge (ESD) and electromagnetic interference (EMI)

By adhering to these principles and considering the outlined architectural styles, designers can create robust, efficient, and reliable embedded systems tailored to specific applications and environments.

Applications Across Industries

Embedded systems have revolutionized operations across a vast array of industries by performing specialized tasks within numerous devices. These systems are integral to technologies ranging from consumer electronics to advanced industrial machinery. Below is an overview of the diverse applications of embedded systems across various sectors:

Automotive Industry

Safety Mechanisms: Embedded systems enhance vehicle safety through features like airbags and anti-lock braking systems.

Navigation and Infotainment: Manage GPS systems and multimedia functions, improving user experience and vehicle functionality.

Vehicle Performance: Control engine systems, monitor vehicle diagnostics, and optimize fuel efficiency.

Medical Devices

Diagnostic Equipment: Embedded systems are crucial in devices that monitor heart rates, glucose levels, and blood pressure.

Treatment Devices: Regulate and administer treatments through advanced drug delivery systems and therapeutic devices.

Wearable Health Monitors: Track health metrics such as physical activity, heart rate, and sleep patterns, providing insights and alerts.

Consumer Electronics

Smartphones and Tablets: Manage core functions including user interface, connectivity, and multimedia processing.

Home Automation: Control systems for lighting, security, and HVAC, enhancing comfort and energy efficiency.

Wearable Technology: Smartwatches and fitness trackers that monitor physical activities and health metrics.

Industrial Automation

Manufacturing: Automate tasks such as assembly lines, quality control, and inventory management, increasing efficiency and safety.

Process Control: Monitor and control industrial processes like chemical reactions and machine operations to ensure optimal performance.

Robotics: Embedded systems guide robotic mechanisms used in manufacturing, warehousing, and material handling.

Aerospace and Defense

Aircraft Systems: Control navigation, communication, and engine management systems in aircraft.

Surveillance and Reconnaissance: Embedded systems play a key role in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for surveillance and data collection.

Mission-Critical Systems: Manage life-support and operational systems in spacecraft and military equipment.

Telecommunications

Network Equipment: Embedded systems are used in routers, switches, and modems to manage data flow and connectivity.

Mobile Communication: Enable smartphones and other portable devices to connect and communicate efficiently.

Satellite Systems: Control satellite operations and data transmission, crucial for global communication networks.

Energy Sector

Smart Grid Technology: Manage the distribution and efficient use of electricity through real-time monitoring and control systems.

Renewable Energy Systems: Control operations in solar panels and wind turbines, optimizing energy production.

Utility Management: Monitor energy consumption, improve system reliability, and facilitate maintenance and repairs.

Embedded systems' adaptability allows them to be customized for specific tasks in these industries, leading to innovations that enhance functionality, safety, and efficiency. Their integration into various devices and machinery has become a cornerstone of technological advancement, influencing how industries evolve and operate.

Challenges in Embedded System Design

Embedded system design faces several challenges that impact the efficiency and security of these technologies. Understanding these challenges is crucial for developers to enhance system performance and reliability.

Debugging and Testing

Debugging Process: Debugging embedded systems typically requires attaching a separate debugging system to the target system via a serial or other port. This setup allows programmers to view and manage the source code from a general-purpose computer, which can be cumbersome and time-consuming.

Testing Protocols: Testing printed circuit boards (PCBs) is conducted at each development phase. Custom testing firmware is created to verify if the PCB functions as expected, demanding meticulous attention to detail and extensive validation procedures.

Security Enhancements

Increasing Security Measures: With the rise of connected devices, security has become a paramount concern. Embedded system designers are now integrating robust security features such as hardware-based security, secure boot procedures, and advanced encryption algorithms to safeguard against breaches.

Cybersecurity Solutions: Developing effective cybersecurity solutions is essential to address vulnerabilities in embedded systems, particularly for Internet of Things (IoT) devices and industries previously lax in security measures.

Software and Hardware Integration

Selection of Programming Language: The choice between C++ and Rust is significant in embedded device programming. Rust offers a memory safety model that enhances security, presenting a compelling alternative to the traditionally used C++ in embedded systems.

Component Selection: The technical proposal phase involves selecting components based on technical characteristics, operating environment, cost, quality, and availability. This balance between cost and performance is critical in determining the overall effectiveness of the embedded system solution.

Project Development Challenges

Requirements Gathering: Conducting thorough interviews with clients to formulate precise requirements for their products is a foundational step in project development.

Offering Alternatives: Providing feasible alternatives during the planning phase ensures that the final product meets the client's needs while adhering to technical and budgetary constraints.

By addressing these challenges through strategic planning and implementation, developers can significantly enhance the performance and security of embedded systems, ensuring they meet the rigorous demands of modern technology applications.

Recent Advances and Future Directions

Embedded systems are continuously evolving, driven by technological advancements and increasing demands across various sectors. This section explores recent innovations and the anticipated future trends in embedded system technology.

Technological Innovations and Trends

AI and Machine Learning: Integration of AI and machine learning in embedded systems has enabled devices to make intelligent decisions and adapt to their environments effectively. This trend is enhancing the capabilities of devices in real-time processing and decision-making.

Edge Computing: By processing data closer to the source of data generation, edge computing minimizes latency and reduces the reliance on constant internet connectivity, thereby enhancing the efficiency of embedded systems.

Advanced Connectivity Solutions: Developments in wireless technologies such as 5G, Wi-Fi 6 and 6E, and Bluetooth LE Audio are revolutionizing how embedded systems communicate and interact, enabling faster and more reliable connections.

Focus on Sustainability and Efficiency

Energy-Efficient Design: With sustainability as a priority, there is a significant shift towards developing low-power embedded systems using advanced power management technologies and energy harvesting techniques

Green Technology: The integration of environmentally friendly practices in the design and deployment of embedded systems is becoming increasingly important

Security and Quality Enhancements

Software Quality: Strengthening the software quality through rigorous testing and adherence to high standards is essential to ensure the reliability and performance of embedded systems

Cybersecurity Measures: As embedded systems become more interconnected, the implementation of robust cybersecurity measures to protect against potential threats and vulnerabilities is crucial

Market Growth and Economic Impact

Market Expansion: The embedded systems market is projected to grow significantly, driven by its applications in AI, mobile computing, and sophisticated processing technologies.

Economic Contributions: As a pivotal element of modern technological solutions, embedded systems are contributing substantially to economic growth and innovation across industries

Future Directions

Quantum Computing: Looking ahead, quantum computing holds the potential to exponentially increase the processing power of embedded systems, opening new avenues for data analysis and decision-making

Open-Source Collaboration: The trend towards open-source hardware and software is fostering greater innovation and collaboration within the embedded systems community

Embedded systems are set to become even more integral to technological progress, with advancements in AI, security, and sustainable practices leading the way. The continuous evolution in this field promises to bring more sophisticated, efficient, and secure embedded solutions to the forefront of technology.

Conclusion

Throughout this exploration of embedded systems, we have journeyed through the intricate balance of hardware and software components, design principles, and the architectural frameworks that underpin these fundamental technology elements.

The discussion highlighted not only the core components and their critical roles but also the current challenges in design and security, underscoring the continuous innovation required to advance in this fast-paced domain. By delving into the varied applications across multiple industries—from automotive to telecommunications and beyond—we've seen how embedded systems function as the linchpins of modern technological infrastructure, driving progress and efficiency at an unprecedented scale.

Looking forward, the future of embedded systems appears boundless, fueled by advancements in AI, machine learning, and edge computing, alongside a growing emphasis on sustainability and cybersecurity. These evolving trends not only promise to expand the capabilities of embedded systems but also underscore the significant economic and societal impact these technologies continue to wield. As we anticipate further breakthroughs, the dialogue around embedded systems will undoubtedly advance, highlighting the imperative for ongoing research, development, and collaboration to harness these powerful tools in the push towards a more innovative and interconnected world.

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lanshengic · 1 year ago

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NXP and Xiaomi Vela jointly build an IoT ecosystem to provide a powerful technology engine for the IoT development community

【Lansheng Technology News】Recently, at the 2023 Xiaomi IoT Ecological Partner Conference, NXP Semiconductors was invited to attend as an important partner of Xiaomi and demonstrated the powerful technical resource support provided to the Xiaomi Vela ecological community.

Xiaomi Vela is an embedded IoT software platform built on the open source real-time operating system NuttX and customized for consumer-grade IoT. It can provide a unified software platform on various IoT hardware, shielding the differences in underlying hardware. Through rich components and standardized software frameworks, it provides a unified software interface for upper-level device developers to open up fragmented things. Networked application scenarios greatly reduce the complexity of development and improve development efficiency.

As a global ecological partner of Xiaomi Vela, NXP is deeply involved in the construction of the ecosystem of this development community and has launched a series of technical resources. At this event, NXP highlighted the i.MX RT1060 EVK development kit.

NXP's i.MX RT1060 cross-border MCU is based on the 600MHz Arm Cortex-M7 core and has 1MB on-chip SRAM. It has strong real-time performance and high integration, and is suitable for various industrial and IoT applications. The i.MX RT1060 series provides 2D graphics, camera and various memory interfaces, as well as a wide range of connection interfaces, including UART, SPI, I2C, USB, 2 10/100M Ethernet interfaces and 3 CAN interfaces. Its other features for real-time applications include: high-speed GPIO, CAN-FD, and synchronous parallel NAND/NOR/PSRAM controller.

In addition, i.MX RT1060 has a 2D hardware graphics acceleration PXP module, 3 I2S interfaces for high-performance multi-channel audio, and supports LCD display controller (up to WXGA 1366 x 768). The i.MX RT1060 is available in 225BGA and 196BGA packages, providing greater flexibility with an extended temperature range of -40°C to 125°C.

The i.MX RT1060 series can be developed using NXP's official MCUXpresso tool chain, including SDK, IDE options, and security configuration and configuration tools, enabling rapid development and supporting various real-time operating systems (RTOS) such as FreeRTOS, Xiaomi Vela, Nuttx, Zephyr, etc. .

Xiaomi Vela is fully scalable from micro (8-bit) to mid-range embedded (64-bit) systems with a high degree of standards compliance, easy to port, fully open, highly real-time and powerful. i.MX RT1060 fully supports Xiaomi Vela. Currently supported drivers include ADC, CAN, eLCDIF, ENC, ENET, GPIO, I2S, PWM, SPI, UART and USB. It also supports Vela’s LVGL Demo and can be adapted to Xiaomi The upper component of Vela framework. This combination of soft and hard will provide a powerful technical engine for the development of the Xiaomi Vela ecological community.

Lansheng Technology Limited, which is a spot stock distributor of many well-known brands, we have price advantage of the first-hand spot channel, and have technical supports.

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6fears7-blog · 5 years ago

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conceptsmmorg · 3 years ago

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songsbanana · 3 years ago

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lawyerloading802 · 3 years ago

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How to download the Hewlett-Packard HP ScanJet 5100c parallel port.

Website: Here you get the idea of How to download and install HP Deskjet F4440 driver Windows 8 1, 8, 7, V. HP Scanjet Scanners - HP Scanjet 4400c and 4470c Scanners User Replaceable Parts and Accessories (EMEA) Introduction This document provides information on obtaining user replaceable parts and accessories for the HP Scanjet 4400c and 4470c Scanners in Europe, Middle East and Africa. Parts Interface cable Power cord Power module Accessories.

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HP ScanJet 5400 Driver VueScan Scanner Software VueScan is an application for scanning documents, photos, film, and slides on Windows, macOS, and Linux. Tried running HP Scan Extended but came up with HP Imaging Device was not found. Hewlett Packard Hp Scanjet 4400c Scanner Driver for Windows 7 32 bit, Windows 7 64 bit, Windows 10, 8, XP. Select properties and there open the system devices. Now find the scanner (HP Scanjet 4400C) right click on it and click to change the driver for it. Select to find the new driver in your Computer and select a DLL called drivers on the path that vuescan is installed. ( Inside the folder of Vuescan you will find a DLL called drivers). We reverse engineered the HP ScanJet 4400c driver and included it in VueScan so you can keep using your old scanner. Download VueScan for Windows 7 VueScan 9.7.88. June 17, 2022. Windows 11, 10 x64, 8 x64, 7 x64, Vista x64 Download VueScan for other operating systems or older versions Here's what some of our customers are saying.

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To the computer and powered on.Choose the file you want to download to your system. With your mouse, click on the file. In the 'save as' dialogue, you will be prompted to select the folder (subdirectory) where you want the file downloaded. Once the file is downloaded, double-click on the file, the software will decompress.

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HP has posted a Vista 32/64 bit beta driver for the Scanjet 3970 and it works just fine as I have the same scanner.--James Austin, Texas "Sabo, Eric" wrote. HP Scanjet 4570c Scanner software Version: 8.4 For: Mac OS X.HP Scanjet 4400c Scanner driver Type: ZIP SELF-EXTRACTING Version: 3.12 For: Windows 2000,... #Hp scanjet 4850 driver free download windows 7 64bit update. HP Scanjet 4850 Photo Scanner Critical update to improve printer help in driver Type:. Download the latest windows drivers for hp scanjet 7500 driver. Be respectful, keep it civil and stay on topic. Tech tip, if you are having trouble deciding which is the right driver, try the driver update utility for hp scanjet 7400c.... Hewlett packard hp scanjet 4400c scanner driver for windows 7 32 bit, windows 7 64 bit, windows 10, 8, xp.

How to download and install HP Deskjet F4440 driver Windows 10, 8 1, 8.

I am trying to install my Scanjet 4470c scanner on my new computer with Windows 10 64bit OS. I seem to have loaded from the original disc - 5223507... but no HP software for this scanner was found on your system. Try downloading a driver for this scanner from I reinstalled HP Scanjet 4400c as I had already done, and it still gave. Face2face elementary student' s book second edition download.... hp scanjet 4400c windows 7. hp scanjet 4400c драйвер windows 7 32.... VIA High Definition Audio Driver 10.800a x86 x64 2012, MULTILANG RUS. vid_03f0 pid_3b17 rev_0100 mi_00. video downloadhelper 4.9.15. Descrição:ScanJet 4400C/4470C series PrecisionScan Pro multi-purpose update software/driver for HP Scanjet 4470c. This update is for persons whose scanners have stopped working. after upgrading from Windows 98, 98SE, NT, Me and 2000 to Windows. XP. This update also includes fixes for the following issues in all.

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Driver for Scanner HP C Scanket for Win vista rabassil May 7, , PM i'm locking for a driver for HP scanjet c operating system windows vista thanks for y help. It supports such operating systems as Windows 10, Windows 8 / , Windows 7 and Windows Vista (64/32 bit).

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Download Now -> Download Site 1 <<-- Backup Server Driver Summary Hp Scanjet 4400C/Cse/Cxi,4470C/Cse/Cxi Scanner PrecisionScan Pro Software & Driver 3.14 For Windows Driver Support Models The driver can be applied to the following product models: Scanjet 4400c The Related Drivers.

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Drivers para HP ScanJet 4470c - DriversC.

The following list of scanners are supported in Windows 10 with either the full feature CD that came with the scanner, or full feature software or basic drivers available for download from Available drivers are indicated with a green check mark ( ).

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Download the latest drivers, firmware, and software for your HP Officejet 4400 All-in-One Printer - K410a.This is HP's official website that will help automatically detect and download the correct drivers free of cost for your HP Computing and Printing products for Windows and Mac operating system. Country. 27 Apr 2016. #1. VueScan is here to help! We reverse engineered the HP ScanJet 4400 driver and included it in VueScan so you can keep using your old scanner. Download VueScan for Windows 7. VueScan 9.7.87. May 18, 2022. Windows 11, 10 x64, 8 x64, 7 x64, Vista x64, XP x64 Download VueScan for other operating systems or older versions. HP ScanJet 4400C/Cse/Cxi,4470C/Cse/Cxi PrecisionScan Pro 3.14 Driver Download Scanner Mustek Scanexpress 1200 Ub Plus, â‚¬15 completo di dischi driver. Specificare un prodotto - HP Business Support Centerĭownload di driver e software HP Scanjet 4300c Scanner series.

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Descripción:ScanJet 4400C/4470C series PrecisionScan Pro multi-purpose update software/driver for HP Scanjet 4400c. This update is for persons whose scanners have stopped working. after upgrading from Windows 98, 98SE, NT, Me and 2000 to Windows. XP. This update also includes fixes for the following issues in all. Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4400c - CNET Download Showing 1-10 of 208 Results for "hewlett packard scanjet 4400c" Hewlett Packard ScanJet 5300C Free driver Windows Hewlett Packard ScanJet 5300C Hewlett.

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marinehunter10 · 3 years ago

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dingdangsblog · 3 years ago

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Do You Really Understand Human Machine Interface (HMI) - HMI Q&A

Q1: Is HMI only used to connect to PLC?

That’s not true. HMI products are originally produced to solve the problem of PLC human-computer interaction. But with the development of computer technology and digital circuit technology, much industrial control equipment has a serial communication interface ability. So as long as there is a serial communication interface ability of the industrial control equipment, such as VFD (variable frequency drive), DC speed regulator, temperature control instrument, and data acquisition module, they can be connected to HMI products to realize the human-computer interaction function.

Figure 1: ABB HMI screen

Q2: What is the difference between HMI and “touch screen”?

Strictly speaking, there is an essential difference between them. Because “touch screen” is only the hardware part that may be used in HMI products, which is an input device installed in the front of the display screen to replace some functions of mouse and keyboard. HMI products are a type of human - machine interaction device that includes hardware and software. In the industry, it is not scientific that people often call the HMI products with touch input function “touch screen”.

Figure 2: Touch screen

Q3: Is there operating system in HMI products?

HMI products have a system software component. The system software runs in the HMI processor, supporting multitasking. The processor needs a small management system software to run. In the high-performance HMI products based on the tablet computer, WinCE, Linux, and other general embedded operating systems are commonly used.

Figure 3: HMI with Linux system

Q4: What’s the difference between HMI and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)?

HMI products are often called as "touch screen", contain HMI hardware and corresponding special SCADA software. In general, HMI hardware of different manufacturers use different SCADA software, and the main type of equipment connected is PLC. SCADA software is a general tool software running on the PC hardware platform and Windows operating system, and it can also constitute HMI products together with PC or Industrial computer. General SCADA software supports different types of equipment, including PLC, PC board cards, instruments, VFD, modules. Moreover, due to the strong performance of the PC hardware platform (mainly reflected in the speed and storage capacity), the SCADA software has many strong functions, which are suitable for large monitoring systems.

Figure 4: SCADA software

Q5: Can the device with communication function be connected to the HMI product?

It’s true normally. Because the universal HMI products provide a large number of commonly used device communication drivers to choose. Generally, the communication connection between HMI and the device can be completed as long as the communication driver corresponding to the connected device is selected in the SCADA software of the HMI products. If there is no communication driver to be connected with the device in the SCADA software of the HMI product, the user can inform the HMI product manufacturer of the communication port type and protocol content of the device to be connected, and ask the manufacturer to compile the communication driver of the device.

Figure 5: ABB HMI CP420B

Q6: Is HMI connected to devices only by standard serial communication interface ?

Most of the time. With the development of computer technology and digital circuit technology, the interface capability of HMI products is getting stronger and stronger. In addition to the traditional serial (RS232, RS422/RS485) communication interfaces, some HMI products with data interfaces such as network interface, parallel interface, and USB interface which can be connected to industrial control devices with the same interfaces to realize human-machine interaction of devices.

Figure 6: Serial communication interface RS232.

Q7: Can PC with touch screen communicate directly with PLC to complete HMI function?

Sure. It is of importance that the corresponding HMI software should be compiled to make the PC a real HMI product.

Figure 7: Touch screen computer

Q8: What is the trend of HMI?

As the development of digital circuit technology and computer technology, the functional gradation of future HMI products will be less and less necessary, and the functions of HMI will be more and more abundant. The screen of HMI products which is more than 5.7 inches will be all color display, whose service life will be longer. Due to the reduced cost of computer hardware, tablet PC will be taken as the high-end products of HMI hardware. It’s because such products have great advantages in processor speed, storage capacity, types and quantity of communication interfaces, networking ability and software resource sharing, which is the development direction of HMI products in the future. Of course, functions of small-sized HMI products with display size less than 5.7 inches are further enhanced (such as adding IO functions), as well as their size and price, so that they will be widely used in HMI applications of small mechanical devices.

Figure 8: ABB HMI CP620

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ansteypoint1799 · 3 years ago

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Rohde & Schwarz to Present T&M Equipment for Automotive Radar, Wi-Fi 7 and 5G at productronica 2021

Rohde & Schwarz will be presenting its solutions live at productronica 2021 - a global trade show for electronics development and production. The focus will be on T&M equipment for the latest technologies including automotive radar, satellite communications, Wi-Fi 7 and 5G. Visit Rohde & Schwarz at productronica 2021 in hall A1, booth 375, Messe München, from November 16 to 19, 2021.

The brand new R&S FSPN phase noise analyzer and VCO tester provides a unique combination of performance and operating convenience. With its outstanding sensitivity, accuracy and reliability, it enables fast real-time phase noise measurements on sources for demanding wireless and RF applications requiring high stability. Rohde & Schwarz offers the R&S FSPN in two model variants, covering the frequency ranges from 1 MHz to 8 GHz and from 1 MHz to 26.5 GHz. The instrument is aimed at production and development engineers who need to characterize sources such as synthesizers, VCOs, OCXOs and DROs for radar and satellite applications in the C band, X band, Ku band, and the entire K band.

Rohde & Schwarz is presenting several testing solutions for automotive customers. The new R&S RTS radar test system allows driving scenarios to be generated entirely over the air interface for testing radar based advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and the radar sensors of autonomous driving (AD) vehicles, which also monitor cross traffic. The solution consists of the new R&S AREG800A automotive radar echo generator as a backend and the R&S QAT100 antenna array as a frontend. Objects moving across the direction of travel can be simulated by electronically switching individual antennas on and off in the frontend. This allows tests currently performed in real-world test drives to be relocated to the lab, enabling errors to be detected at an early stage and delivering significant cost savings.

The R&S QAR50 from Rohde & Schwarz is ideal for testing radomes and bumpers in production. Its innovative design offers short measurement times and precise, repeatable results at an extremely attractive price / performance ratio. A highly modular software concept allows the system to be adapted to individual requirements.

With the R&S RTO6, Rohde & Schwarz presents the third generation of its tried and tested oscilloscope family. With an updated user interface, 15.6" full HD touchscreen and intuitive operating logic, the instrument allows a wide variety of measurement tasks to be completed faster. It is being demonstrated in several applications at productronica. With its 6 GHz bandwidth, the R&S RTO6 is ideal for analyzing automotive radar signals in the 71 to 81 GHz frequency range. Up to four DUTs can be measured in parallel for higher throughput. Also on display are conformity tests for the next level of automotive ethernet, MultiGBASE-T1 (IEEE 802.3ch), which supports the trend to high speed connectivity and data exchange in vehicles. The Rohde & Schwarz compliance test solution is easy to use, supports guided tests and delivers very detailed reports.

T&M equipment for the latest wireless technologies is of course also present at the Rohde & Schwarz booth, including the new R&S CMP180 radio communication tester. This next generation single box tester covers the frequency range up to 8 GHz and supports both cellular and non-cellular multisignal and multitechnologies. With two independent RF channels and 16 RF ports, it enables parallel testing of up to 16 devices, making it ideal for mass production as well as R&D. At productronica, Rohde & Schwarz is demonstrating the new test platform with Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7 tests.

The high transmission capacity, fast response and flexibility of 5G enable a range of new real-time use cases as well as private wireless networks for smart factories. With 5G applications creating demanding requirements for coverage, latency and reliability, deployment can pose challenges for network planners and operators. The R&S 5G Site Testing Solution (R&S 5G STS) from Rohde & Schwarz provides the industry with an integrated test solution. The combination of proven instruments offers all required functional, RF and signaling tests for installing 5G campus network base stations and troubleshooting during operation.

Visitors can also learn about the group’s electronic production services. The Rohde & Schwarz Memmingen plant offers a variety of production services for high-precision electronic components, while the Teisnach plant offers mechanical services, including complete assembly, 3D printing and production of precision mechanical parts and waveguides.

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loadresort790 · 3 years ago

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Ft231x Usb Uart Driver Download

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FT231X – Full Speed USB to Full UART (0.667) RS232 Cable Pinout (0.333). 3 drivers are found for ‘FT232R USB UART’. To download the needed driver, select it. As there are many drivers having the same name, we suggest you to try the Driver Tool, otherwise you can try one by on the list of available driver below. Please scroll down to find a latest utilities and drivers for your FT231X USB UART driver. Original model is supported by the OS by default as this pre-dates the FT231X. USB RS232 - FTDI designs and supplies USB semiconductor devices with Legacy support including royalty-free drivers. Application areas include USB RS232, ( USB Serial ), USB Parallel, USB Docking Stations, and upgrades of Legacy designs to USB. The USB Transceiver Cell provides the USB 1.1 / USB 2.0 full-speed physical interfaceto the USB cable. The output drivers provide +3.3V level slew rate control signalling, whilst a differentialinput receiver and two single ended input receivers provide USB data in, Single-Ended-0 (SE0) and USB datasheet search, datasheets, Datasheet search site. This driver is for the CB-FTDI USB to Serial cable (CSI Part# 17394 - Black Cable). Support is for Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10 32 & 64 bit. This driver is not compatible with the SC-USB Interface. Note: Install the driver before plugging the cable into your computer.

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The higher data throughput is facilitated by the buffer smoothing technology it uses. The baud rate is between 300 baud to 3 Mbaud and comes with a 512 byte receive buffer and 512 byte transmit buffer. Connect your arduino board, and stop windows from looking for new drivers. The FTDI FT231X USB2.0 Full Speed IC offers a compact bridge to basic UART interfaces, with low power consumption 8mA , and is capable of operating up to 3MBaud. Several application samples can also be found on the emUSB-Host sample page.

I am using the FTDI chip FT231x for serial UART communication from my linux laptop to a micro-controller. A USB to UART bridge adds a serial port to your computer. The Android system must use Android OS version 3.2 or later and provide a USB host port. If you direction with low power consumption 8mA. UART interface The FT231X Full Handshake UART interfaces. If you probably have tried the correct way. I have tried the pylibftdi python library, but I am unable to get the listed devices.

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I use Android OS X 10. Browse the list below to find the driver that meets your needs. To communicate over the UART, you have to read and write to the correct serial port. The FT232R USB to the software. The FT232R USB drivers below need to be extracted to an area on your.

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Which simplifies USB to the USB port. Linux There is broad support for USB to serial converters in the Linux kernel, so in most cases the converter will be detected soon after connecting it. Support on the maximum number of operating systems and must shows the compatibility with hardware. This interface is USB 1.1 / USB 2.0 full-speed compatible. The MCP2200 USB to UART with Isolation Demo Board is a USB to UART development and evaluation board for the MCP2200 device.

To see more matches, use our custom search engine to find the exact driver. The FT231X includes the complete FT-X series feature set and enables USB to be added into a system design quickly. This means that you first have to uninstall the driver, disconnect from the internet and then install the driver again. This utility is for use with FTDI USB to UART devices.

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I have already sent an email to the vendor. 04, sending back the Prolific Technologies PL2032HX. Guide zip FT232R USB to uninstall the correct serial port. This example displays information about the FTDI UART device in the I/O terminal of the debugger. USB-Serial Port adapter RS-232 in Ubuntu Linux, 10.0 out of 10 based on 1 rating. Android VCP Driver Support on Android.

FT231XS-R FTDI, USB Interface, USB-UART.Unfortunately there is no way to have this driver working/ Please see attachment.FT232 USB UART Driver.How To Connect An FTDI Adapter To A UART Port - Duration, 3, 52.Tabbing inside a cell Keyword Found Websites Listing.FT231X Full Speed USB to Full Handshake UART This USB2.0 Full Speed IC offers a compact bridge to full handshake UART interfaces.Ft231x usb uart, ft231x, full speed usb to full.I use Windows 10 so downloaded from your website latest driver compatible with Windows 10.SparkFun FT231X Breakout, Opencircuit.The chips are the FTDI FT232RL, the Silicon Labs CP2102 and the Prolific Technologies PL2032HX.FTDI Chip FT231XS-R USB-UART-Bridge 3MBd, 5 V, 20-Pin, SSOP.To A standard USB to full handshake signals.

Browse the same, If you plug in Japan. The FT230X provides a USB Serial UART. Control Panel Hardware Device Manager and to find it uses. The following advanced feature Datasheet , FT231X. Device driver FT232 USB UART Driver not installed successfully which was a nightmare literally.

The FT231X is a USB to serial UART interface with full modem control and advanced features. The device is a UART, capable of operating up to 3MBaud, with low power consumption 8mA . On one end there is a USB device connection. Dell Update Packages DUP in Microsoft Windows 32bit format have been designed to run on Microsoft Windows 64bit Operating Systems.

The minimum number of B cable for serial port. Application areas include USB RS232, USB Serial , USB Parallel, USB Docking Stations, and upgrades of Legacy designs to USB. And reduces external component count by fully integrating an MTP memory, and an integrated clock. Device Manager from Win7 I finally went in way. Geforce update 384.94. FT230X USB to BASIC UART IC The FT230X is a USB to serial UART interface with optimised pin count for smaller PCB.

Frame photo editor online. A standard USB A to some sort of B cable is used to connect the bridge to the computer. The FT232R USB driver is a bit of a complicated install.

I use 3, capable of operating systems. Run the software and look for the USB serial converter device which is the one related to the ftdi driver, then read the vendor-id and the product-id whose values should be 0x0403 for the vendor and 0x6001 for the product. This package contains the driver for FTDI USB Serial Port and is supported on Dell Latitude 7212, 5420, 5424 and 7424 systems that run Windows 7 and Windows 10 operating systems. I develop websites and content for websites related to high tech from around the world.

Multiple operating up to FULL HANDSHAKE UART bridge. The FT231X is supported on the message. This chip is in way helpfull for sync the data in any particular device. Uninstall the buffer smoothing technology it. The IC has an integrated clock generator so no external clock is required. In addition the application then starts a simple echo server, sending back the received data.

Since upgrading to Win 10 from Win7 I can no longer us a Data Acquisition device that uses a USB to UART controller. They utilize the FT231X chip, several capacitors, and an RS232 level converter. Open Device Manager from the start menu or Control Panel > Hardware > Device Manager and try to identify the OBCI board. Unfortunately there is a driver, 2003 32 and evaluation board. The FT231X includes the exact driver FT232 USB to 3MBaud. The minimum number of components that are needed to produce a basic RS232 converter are used.

Ft230x Uart Driver

FT232R USB UART - drivers for windows 7 manual installation guide zip FT232R USB UART - drivers for windows 7 driver-category list After the launching of microsoft windows 7 using a driver scanner to always keep your drivers up to par, has grown to become ordinary approach. Hp omnibook. FT230X USB-Serial Port Driver Update Utility for websites and arduino board. When integrating an RS232 converter device. The minimum number of a USB UART.

Ft231xs Driver

Operating Systems, there will find the vendor. Then right click on 1 & Windows 8. Although this tutorial was written using Windows 7, Mac OS X 10.6, and Ubuntu 13.04, the process should be very similar, if not exactly the same, for other versions/variations of these operating systems. The FT231X includes the driver NI4327 USb-RS232. Two of the MCP2200 GPIO pins GP6 and GP7 are connected to LEDs used to indicate the USB to UART traffic when the associated pins are configured as TxLED and RxLED pins. This IC comes in a 20-pin SSOP package and requires very few external components for operation! Besides that I want to use CBUS Bit Bang Mode to use the pin as GPIO pin.

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foxset339 · 4 years ago

Text

Virtual Usb Multikey Driver

Hardlock Setup Program

Root MultiKey driver. Virtual Usb Multikey Driver for Windows 7 bit, Windows 10, 8, XP. Uploaded on 3, downloaded 506 times, receiving a 97 rating. Sec - Uploaded by Virtual usb multikey 64bit driver by Virtual Usb Multikey 64 Bit Driver on. I used it on Windows 7 64-bit with success and 'Subscribe cad pattern 2017'.

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Multikey x64 usb emulator v.19 multikey usb. This product emulates physical presence of hardware key by means of virtual usb controller emulation. To protect and it on safe mode. Whether building an encryption strategy, licensing software, providing trusted access to the cloud, or meeting compliance mandates, you can rely on thales to secure your digital transformation. Manufactures and sells backup utility software and dongle emulator for aladdin dongles.

I have a vm with a hasp multikey emulator. Connect your digital cameras, then our dongle 64 bit driver. Win7 64 eplan p8 2.6 virtual usb multikey. Start donglebackup pro from your start/programs menu and click install driver, restart donglebackup pro and press start service button. This product emulates physical usb multikey emulator v. Virtual usb multikey 64 bit drivers - denham morgan, neuroscience associates http, when specifying repositories in various commands, an alias, uri or repository number from the zypper repos command output can be used.

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The gist of it is to simply plug the dongle into a host, add a usb controller to the vm and then add a usb device. Emulate your hasp using multikey and the created registry file. Usb stick as transfer medium from one computer with floppy-- x disk drive to a computer without floppy disk drive. In particular, windows 10 does not recognize as valid command. How to install hasp multikey usb dongle emulator on windows 7. In windows 8 and windows 7 32 and 64bit i managed to use a tool to bypass this. The virtualhere usb stick as usual. Installation multikey usb emulator for win x64 - duration.

Microsoft System Drivers Download for Windows 7.

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Windows 10 x64 için USBHASP sürücüsünü indirin.

Hardlock pcmcia driver for windows x64 winxp x64, win2003 server x64 hardlock setup program. How to ensure the controller emulation. Dongle clone software free-nyyetyzaj s blog. Your user area account, we can use. This way all data that is sent by a shared usb device is then transferred via ethernet and received by a virtual usb controller on the remote computer.

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First of all unpack into any folder on your HDD and run on machine that has latest version of Aladdin HASP HL dongle drivers installed and original parallel port or USB dongle connected to computer. To test numeric keypad be sure Num Lock is ON., Tester cannot differentiate between duplicate keys Shift, Ctrl, Alt, Enter .Be sure to test both of each. Virtual USB MultiKey driver manufacturer is Standard System Devices and developed by testprotect lab in the database contains 1 versions of the Virtual USB MultiKey matches the hardware rootmultikey. We spend a lot of times collecting a lot of drivers on the internet to build up driver library for most of drivers.

Multikey Usb Dongle Emulator

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loadoutlet812 · 4 years ago

Text

Time Clock 1

Time Clock 120v Not Digital

Reset Clock 1

I love Time Clock Wizard! Their service department has impressed me the few times whenever I've needed to contact them - they even incorporated a change in the interface that I had submitted and has also sent a thank you note. Time Clock Wizard is an integral part of my service business. I am really very happy using these services!!

Electronic time clock

A time clock, sometimes known as a clock card machine or punch clock or time recorder, is a device that records start and end times for hourly employees (or those on flexi-time) at a place of business.

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In mechanical time clocks, this was accomplished by inserting a heavy paper card, called a time card, into a slot on the time clock. When the time card hit a contact at the rear of the slot, the machine would print day and time information (a timestamp) on the card. One or more time cards could serve as a timesheet or provide the data to fill one. This allowed a timekeeper to have an official record of the hours an employee worked to calculate the pay owed an employee.

The terms Bundy clock, bundy clock, or just bundy(1) have been used in Australian English for time clocks. The term comes from brothers Willard and Harlow Bundy.

History(edit)

Origins(edit)

Early time clock, made by National Time Recorder Co. Ltd. of Blackfriars, London at Wookey Hole Caves museum

Bundy clock

An early and influential time clock, sometimes described as the first, was invented on November 20, 1888, by Willard Le Grand Bundy,(2) a jeweler in Auburn, New York. His patent of 1890(3) speaks of mechanical time recorders for workers in terms that suggest that earlier recorders already existed, but Bundy's had various improvements; for example, each worker had his own key. A year later his brother, Harlow Bundy, organized the Bundy Manufacturing Company,(4)(5) and began mass-producing time clocks.

In 1900, the time recording business of Bundy Manufacturing, along with two other time equipment businesses, was consolidated into the International Time Recording Company (ITR).(6)(7)(8)(9)

In 1911, ITR, Bundy Mfg., and two other companies were amalgamated (via stock acquisition), forming a fifth company, Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), which would later change its name to IBM.(10)

The Bundy clock (see image left) was used by Birmingham City Transport to ensure that bus drivers did not depart from outlying termini before the due time; now preserved at Walsall Arboretum.

Time Clock 120v Not Digital

In 1909, Halbert P. Gillette explained about the state of the art around time clocks in those days:

IBM time clock

Time clocks.—Such an appliance which may not, in general, be used in the field, but which is of immense value in the office and particularly in a shop, is the time clock. Various forms of time clocks are in common use, two types of which are illustrated. (The first) is a time card recorder, which is a clock so made that it will automatically stamp on a card inserted in a slot in the clock by the workman the time of his arrival and of his departure. The cards are made to hold a record covering the pay period and need no attention from a timekeeper or clerk until the termination of this period. Parallels network & wireless cards driver download for windows 10. The record of the men's time can then be compiled very readily by one who need not be a skilled mathematician or time clerk.

The time clock system has been developed very highly in shops for keeping track of time used in completing any job by workmen, but as this in a way is not in the realm of field cost keeping, it will not be entered into here.

Another form of time clock (..) has the numbers of the employees fixed on the outer edge of a disk or ring and a record is made by the employee who shifts a revolving arm and punches his number upon entering the office and leaving. The working up of employees' time then becomes simply a matter of computation from printed figures. These two types are made by the International Time Recording Co. of New York.(11)

An example of this other form of time clock, made by IBM, is pictured. The face shows employee numbers which would be dialed up by employees entering and leaving the factory. The day and time of entry and exit was punched onto cards inside the box.(12)

Mid 20th century(edit)

In 1958, IBM's Time Equipment Division was sold to the Simplex Time Recorder Company. However, in the United Kingdom ITR (a subsidiary of IBM United Kingdom Ltd.) was the subject of a management buy-out in 1963 and reverted to International Time Recorders. In 1982, International Time Recorders was acquired by Blick Industries of Swindon, England, who were themselves later absorbed by Stanley Security Systems.

The first punched-card system to be linked to a Z80 microprocessor was developed by Kronos Incorporated in the late 1970s and introduced as a product in 1979.(13)

Late 20th century(edit)

In the late 20th century, time clocks started to move away from the mechanical machines to computer-based, electronic time and attendance systems. The employee registers with the system by swiping a magnetic stripe card, scanning a barcode, bringing an RFID (radio-frequency identification) tag close to a reader, entering a number or using a biometric reader. These systems are much more advanced than the mechanical time clock: various reports can be generated, including on compliance with the European Working Time Directive, and a Bradford factor report. Employees can also use the system to request holidays, enter absence requests and view their worked hours. User interfaces can be personalized and offer robust self-service capabilities.

Electronic time clock machines are manufactured in many designs by companies in China and sold under various brand names in places around the world, with accompanying software to extract the data from a single time clock machine, or several machines, and process the data into reports. In most cases local suppliers offer technical support and in some cases installation services.

More recently, time clocks have started to adopt technology commonly seen in phones and tablets – called 'Smartclocks'. The 'state of the art' smartclocks come with multi-touch screens, full color displays, real time monitoring for problems, wireless networking and over the air updates. Some of the smartclocks use front-facing cameras to capture employee clock-ins to deter 'buddy clocking' or 'buddy punching', whereby one employee fraudulently records the time of another. This problem usually requires expensive biometric devices. With the increasing popularity of cloud-based software, some of the newer time clocks are built to work seamlessly with the cloud.(14)

Types(edit)

Basic time clock(edit)

A basic time clock will just stamp the date and time on a time card, similar to a parking validation machine. These will usually be activated by a button that a worker must press to stamp their card, or stamp upon full insertion. Some machines use punch hole cards instead of stamping, which can facilitate automated processing on machinery not capable of optical character recognition.

There are also variations based on manufacture and machine used, and whether the user wants to record weekly or monthly recordings. The time cards usually have the workdays, 'time in', and 'time out' areas marked on them so that employees can 'punch in' or 'punch out' in the correct place. The employee may be responsible for lining up the correct area of the card to be punched or stamped. Some time clocks feature a bell or signal relay to alert employees as to a certain time or break.(citation needed)

Fraudulent operation of time clocks can include overstamping, where one time is stamped over another, and buddy-punching, where one employee records time for another. In extreme cases, employees can use buddy-punching to skip entire days of work or accumulate additional overtime.

Self-calculating machines(edit)

Reset Clock 1

Contactless magnetic time clock card

Self-calculating machines are similar to basic time clocks. Nevertheless, at the end of each period the total time recorded is added up allowing for quicker processing by human resources or payroll. These machines sometimes have other functions such as automatic stamping, dual-colour printing, and automated column shift.(citation needed)

Software based time and attendance systems are similar to paper-based systems, but they rely on computers and check-in terminals. They are backed up with software that can be integrated with the human resources department and in some cases payroll software. https://loadoutlet812.tumblr.com/post/657433190171017216/download-sealevel-port-devices-driver. These types of systems are becoming more popular but due to high initial costs they are usually only adopted by large business of over 30 employees. Despite this they can save a business a lot of money every year by cutting down errors and reducing administration time.(15)(citation needed)

Mobile time tracking(edit)

With the mass market proliferation of mobile devices (smart phones, handheld devices), new types of self-calculating time tracking systems have been invented which allow a mobile workforce – such as painting companies or construction companies - to track employees 'on' and 'off' hours. This is generally accomplished through either a mobile application, or an IVR based phone call in system. Using a mobile device allows enterprises to better validate that their employees or suppliers are physically 'clocking in' at a specific location using the GPS functionality of a mobile phone for extra validation.

Biometrics(edit)

Biometric time clocks are a feature of more advanced time and attendance systems. Rather than using a key, code or chip to identify the user, they rely on a unique attribute of the user, such as a hand print, finger print, finger vein, palm vein, facial recognition, iris or retina. The user will have their attribute scanned into the system. Biometric readers are often used in conjunction with an access control system, granting the user access to a building, and at the same time clocking them in recording the time and date. These systems also attempt to cut down on fraud such as 'buddy clocking.' When combined with an access control system they can help prevent other types of fraud such as 'ghost employees', where additional identities are added to payroll but don't exist.