#Richard Easterlin

[xtruss]

The Rich, the Poor and Bulgaria! Money Really Can Buy You Happiness

— Published: December 16th, 2010 | Wednesday 16th August, 2023 | Christmas Specials | Comparing Countries

THE notion that money can't buy happiness is popular, especially among Europeans who believe that growth-oriented free-market economies have got it wrong. They drew comfort from the work of Richard Easterlin, Professor of Economics at the University of Southern California, who trawled through the data in the 1970s and observed only a loose correlation between money and happiness. Although income and well-being were closely correlated within countries, there seemed to be little relationship between the two when measured over time or between countries. This became known as the “Easterlin paradox”. Mr Easterlin suggested that well-being depended not on absolute, but on relative, income: people feel miserable not because they are poor, but because they are at the bottom of the particular pile in which they find themselves.

But more recent work—especially by Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers of the University of Pennsylvania—suggests that while the evidence for a correlation between income and happiness over time remains weak, that for a correlation between countries is strong. According to Mr Wolfers, the correlation was unclear in the past because of a paucity of data. There is, he says, “a tendency to confuse absence of evidence for a proposition as evidence of its absence”.

There are now data on the effect of income on well-being almost everywhere in the world. In some countries (South Africa and Russia, for instance) the correlation is closer than in others (like Britain and Japan) but it is visible everywhere.

The variation in life satisfaction between countries is huge (see chart). Countries at the top of the league (all of them developed) score up to eight out of ten; countries at the bottom (mostly African, but with Haiti and Iraq putting in a sad, but not surprising, appearance) score as low as three.

Although richer countries are clearly happier, the correlation is not perfect, which suggests that other, presumably cultural, factors are at work. Western Europeans and North Americans bunch pretty closely together, though there are some anomalies, such as the surprisingly gloomy Portuguese. Asians tend to be somewhat less happy than their income would suggest, and Scandinavians a little more so. Hong Kong and Denmark, for instance, have similar income per person, at purchasing-power parity; but Hong Kong's average life satisfaction is 5.5 on a 10-point scale, and Denmark's is 8. Latin Americans are cheerful, the ex-Soviet Union spectacularly miserable, and the saddest place in the world, relative to its income per person, is Bulgaria.

— This article appeared in the Christmas Specials section of the print edition under the headline "The Rich, the Poor and Bulgaria"

[dan6085]

Title: Understanding the Easterlin Paradox: The Limits of Income and Happiness

The Easterlin Paradox, named after economist Richard Easterlin, delves into the intricate relationship between income and happiness, challenging the conventional belief that higher income directly correlates with greater happiness. This paradox has sparked significant debate and research, shedding light on the complex nature of human well-being and satisfaction.

At its core, the Easterlin Paradox posits that while within a certain range, increased income is indeed associated with higher levels of happiness, beyond a certain threshold, additional income does not lead to a corresponding increase in happiness. This concept challenges the traditional economic assumption that more wealth equates to more happiness, highlighting the nuanced dynamics at play in subjective well-being.

One of the key reasons behind the Easterlin Paradox is the concept of adaptation or the hedonic treadmill. This phenomenon suggests that individuals tend to adapt to changes in their circumstances, including changes in income, relatively quickly. As a result, the initial boost in happiness from a salary raise, for example, may diminish over time as individuals adjust their expectations and aspirations to their new financial status.

Moreover, the pursuit of material wealth often comes with inherent trade-offs and stressors. The relentless quest for higher income may lead to increased work hours, job-related stress, and a focus on material possessions rather than intrinsic sources of happiness such as relationships, personal growth, and leisure time. This shift in priorities can contribute to a diminished sense of well-being despite financial success.

Another aspect contributing to the Easterlin Paradox is social comparison. As individuals climb the income ladder, they may engage in upward social comparisons, benchmarking their wealth and status against others in their social circles. This comparison can lead to feelings of inadequacy or a perpetual desire for more, undermining the potential happiness derived from increased income.

Additionally, research in psychology and behavioral economics has highlighted the importance of non-material factors in subjective well-being. Factors such as meaningful relationships, a sense of purpose, autonomy, and self-acceptance play significant roles in overall life satisfaction, often independent of financial wealth. Thus, the Easterlin Paradox underscores the limitations of equating happiness solely with economic indicators.

Furthermore, cultural and societal factors influence how individuals perceive and experience happiness. Cultural norms, values, and expectations shape individuals' definitions of a fulfilling life, with some cultures prioritizing collective well-being, social connections, and leisure over material wealth.

In conclusion, the Easterlin Paradox provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between income and happiness. While higher income can enhance well-being up to a certain point by meeting basic needs and providing security, beyond that threshold, other factors such as adaptation, social comparison, and non-material aspects of life become more significant determinants of happiness. Understanding these nuances is crucial for fostering holistic well-being and designing policies that promote genuine happiness and fulfillment in society.

[harlemworldmagazine]

Harnessing The Power Of Happiness, Mindfulness, And Inner Strength From Harlem To Harare

Harnessing The Power Of Happiness, Mindfulness, And Inner Strength From Harlem To Harare

Harvard Health Publishing reports want to feel better and improve your health? Start by focusing on the things that bring you happiness. (more…)

[mysticalhearth]

Phantom of The Opera

The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - 25th Anniversary - Live At The Royal Albert Hall - October 2, 2011 (Pro-Shot's master) FORMAT:  MP4 (HD) CAST: Ramin Karimloo (The Phantom of the Opera), Sierra Boggess (Christine Daaé), Hadley Fraser (Raoul), Wendy Ferguson (Carlotta Giudicelli), Gareth Snook (Monsieur Firmin), Barry James (Monsieur André), Liz Robertson (Madame Giry), Wynne Evans (Ubaldo Piangi), Daisy Maywood (Meg Giry), Nick Holder (Joseph Buquet), Earl Carpenter (Auctioneer), Sergei Polunin (Slave Master) NOTES: Commonly referred to as "Live Stream Version 1" to differentiate from the other cinema live stream video of this production. Typically circulates as a 5.36 GB MKV file with AC3 5.1 audio. Has alternate takes from Live Stream Version 2 and the officially released verson. The first shot in this version is of the orchestra (pictured below). Another note is that Piangi does not hit the note the note in Hannibal ”Your army ha - ha - has come home!" (and the camera is zoomed out more than Version 2, showing Carlotta next to him). You can also see him put his hand on his collar bone near his throat, which he does not do in Version 2.

The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Broadway - February 28, 1988 (Highlights) FORMAT:  MP4 (HD) CAST: Michael Crawford (The Phantom of the Opera), Sarah Brightman (Christine Daaé), Steve Barton (Raoul) NOTES: About an hour and a half of the show, missing a bunch of the beginning of act 2, which starts in the middle of Don Juan. Clear video for its age The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Broadway - March 2, 2005 FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: Hugh Panaro (The Phantom of the Opera), Julie Hanson (u/s Christine Daaé), John Cudia (Raoul) NOTES: Great quality video but the filmer seemed to lack in knowledge of the show so wideshots are more than usual. Amazing trio, but Hugh is a little less stronger this night The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Broadway - October 1, 2005 FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: Hugh Panaro (The Phantom of the Opera), Sandra Joseph (Christine Daaé), Tim Martin Gleason (Raoul), Anne Runolfsson (Carlotta Giudicelli), James Romick (u/s Monsieur Firmin), George Lee Andrews (Monsieur André), Marilyn Caskey (Madame Giry), Larry Wayne Morbitt (Ubaldo Piangi), Kara Klein (Meg Giry) NOTES: Hugh's last night performing and Sandra gives a very sweet speech. Hugh Panaro's last performance at the time, includes curtain call and speeches at the end. Beautiful, clear picture with great detail and quality, and the entire cast was on fire. The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Broadway - May 9, 2007 FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: Gary Mauer (The Phantom of the Opera), Jennifer Hope Wills (Christine Daaé), Jason Mills (u/s Raoul), Patricia Phillips (u/s Carlotta Giudicelli), David Cryer (Monsieur Firmin), George Lee Andrews (Monsieur André), Sally Williams (u/s Madame Giry), Roland Rusinek (Ubaldo Piangi), Heather McFadden (Meg Giry) NOTES: A gorgeous video and the filmer knows the show very well. Includes a flub where Buquet fails to appear in time for Magical Lasso so Meg Giry gets in touch with her Leroux roots The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Broadway - October 13, 2012 (Lanelle's master) FORMAT:  VOB (no smalls) (SD) CAST: Hugh Panaro (The Phantom of the Opera), Trista Moldovan (Christine Daaé), Kyle Barisich (Raoul), Michele McConnell (Carlotta Giudicelli), Kevin Ligon (Monsieur Firmin), Aaron Galligan-Stierle (Monsieur André), Cristin Hubbard (Madame Giry), Christian Sebek (Ubaldo Piangi), Joelle Gates (Meg Giry) NOTES: Gorgeous video with vibrant and steady filming! Hugh and Trista are AMAZING together. Kyle is okay. The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Broadway - March 9, 2013 (Matinee) FORMAT:  VOB (no smalls) (SD) CAST: Jeremy Stolle (u/s The Phantom of the Opera), Samantha Hill (Christine Daaé), Greg Mills (u/s Raoul), Michele McConnell (Carlotta Giudicelli), Tim Jerome (Monsieur Firmin), Richard Poole (u/s Monsieur André), Ellen Harvey (Madame Giry), Christian Sebek (Ubaldo Piangi), Kara Klein (Meg Giry) NOTES: Missing part of Act 1 (‘I Remember’ to the ballet from Il Muto), but otherwise complete. Jeremy Stolle makes a call for donations for the organisation 'Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS' after curtain call. The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Broadway - March 17, 2014 (Turnofthescorpion's master) FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: Laird Mackintosh (u/s The Phantom of the Opera), Sara Jean Ford (alt Christine Daaé), Jeremy Hays (Raoul) NOTES: Not the most focused capture, shaky throughout, never really settles down. A head in bottom center of capture a good deal of the time on medium to wide shots. St. Patrick's Day, Laird Mackintosh does curtain call in a leprechaun hat. The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Broadway - March 20, 2014 (Turnofthescorpion's master) FORMAT:  MP4 (HD) CAST: Greg Mills (u/s The Phantom of the Opera), Mary Michael Patterson (Christine Daaé), Jeremy Hays (Raoul), Satomi Hoffman (u/s Carlotta Giudicelli), Tim Jerome (Monsieur Firmin), Laird Mackintosh (Monsieur André), Ellen Harvey (Madame Giry), Christian Sebek (Ubaldo Piangi), Deanna Doyle (Meg Giry) The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Broadway - May 3, 2014 FORMAT:  MP4 (HD) CAST: Hugh Panaro (The Phantom of the Opera), Mary Michael Patterson (Christine Daaé), Jeremy Hays (Raoul) NOTES: Hugh’s last performance. Includes speeches.   The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Broadway - May 3, 2014 (Matinee) FORMAT:  MP4 (HD) CAST: Hugh Panaro (The Phantom of the Opera), Mary Michael Patterson (Christine Daaé), Jeremy Hays (Raoul) NOTES: Hugh’s last matinee. The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Broadway - May 12, 2014 (inallyourfantasies's master) FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: Norm Lewis (The Phantom of the Opera), Sierra Boggess (Christine Daaé), Jeremy Hays (Raoul), Michele McConnell (Carlotta Giudicelli), Tim Jerome (Monsieur Firmin), Laird Mackintosh (Monsieur André), Ellen Harvey (Madame Giry), Christian Sebek (Ubaldo Piangi) NOTES: First show for Norm Lewis and Sierra Boggess. There are two masters (joint masters) for this video: inallyourfantasies and turnofthescorpion The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Broadway - November 6, 2014 FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: Laird Mackintosh (u/s The Phantom of the Opera), Kaley Ann Voorhees (alt Christine Daaé), Jeremy Hays (Raoul), Michele McConnell (Carlotta Giudicelli), Tim Jerome (Monsieur Firmin), Richard Poole (u/s Monsieur André), Ellen Harvey (Madame Giry), Christian Sebek (Ubaldo Piangi), Kara Klein (Meg Giry) The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Broadway - June 16, 2016 (SJ Bernly's master) FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: James Barbour (The Phantom of the Opera), Rachel Eskenazi-Gold (u/s Christine Daaé), Jordan Donica (Raoul), Michelle McConnell (Carlotta Giudicelli), Craig Bennett (Monsieur Firmin), Laird Mackintosh (Monsieur André), Rebecca Eichenberger (Madame Giry), Kara Klein (Meg Giry) NOTES: good capture, no real obstructions, center mezz The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Broadway - July 21, 2016 (SunsetBlvd79's master) FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: James Barbour (The Phantom of the Opera), Ali Ewoldt (Christine Daaé), Jordan Donica (Raoul), Michelle McConnell (Carlotta Giudicelli), Craig Bennett (Monsieur Firmin), Richard Poole (u/s Monsieur André), Rebecca Eichenberger (Madame Giry), John Easterlin (Ubaldo Piangi), Kara Klein (Meg Giry) The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Broadway - October, 2018 (hitmewithyourbethshot's master) FORMAT:  MP4 (HD) CAST: Ben Crawford (The Phantom of the Opera), Ali Ewoldt (Christine Daaé), Jay Armstrong Johnson (Raoul), Raquel Suarez Groen (Carlotta Giudicelli), Craig Bennett (Monsieur Firmin), Laird Mackintosh (Monsieur André), Maree Johnson (Madame Giry), Carlton Moe (Ubaldo Piangi), Kara Klein (Meg Giry) The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Broadway - September, 2018 (NYCG8R's master) FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: Ben Crawford (The Phantom of the Opera), Ali Ewoldt (Christine Daaé), Jay Armstrong Johnson (Raoul), Raquel Suarez Groen (Carlotta Giudicelli), Craig Bennett (Monsieur Firmin), Laird Mackintosh (Monsieur André), Maree Johnson (Madame Giry), Ted Keegan (u/s Ubaldo Piangi), Polly Baird (Meg Giry) The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - First National Tour (Christine) - August 29, 1993 (House-Cam's master) FORMAT:  VOB (no smalls) (SD) CAST: Davis Gaines (The Phantom of the Opera), Dale Kristien (Christine Daaé), Michael Piontek (Raoul), Leigh Munro (Carlotta Giudicelli), Calvin Remsberg (Monsieur Firmin), Norman Large (Monsieur André), Barbara Lang (Madame Giry), Gualtiero Negrini (Ubaldo Piangi), Elizabeth Stringer (Meg Giry) NOTES: Closing night in Los Angeles The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Fourth National Tour - February 19, 2014 (SunsetBlvd79's master) FORMAT:  MP4 (HD) CAST: Cooper Grodin (The Phantom of the Opera), Julia Udine (Christine Daaé), Ben Jacoby (Raoul) The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Fourth National Tour - August 12, 2015 FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: Chris Mann (The Phantom of the Opera), Katie Travis (Christine Daaé), Storm Lineberger (Raoul), Jacquelynne Fontaine (Carlotta Giudicelli), David Benoit (Monsieur Firmin), Edward Staudenmayer (Monsieur André), Anne Kanengeiser (Madame Giry), Frank Viveros (Ubaldo Piangi), Morgan Cowling (Meg Giry) NOTES: More concentrated on full body shots and capturing all the action rather than close ups. The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Fourth National Tour - November 16, 2016 (Matinee) (kradder32's master) FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: Derrick Davis (The Phantom of the Opera), Kaitlyn Davis (alt Christine Daaé), Jordan Craig (Raoul), Trista Moldovan (Carlotta Giudicelli), David Benoit (Monsieur Firmin), Price Waldman (Monsieur André), Tynan Davis (u/s Madame Giry), Phumzile Sojola (Ubaldo Piangi), Emily Ramirez (Meg Giry) NOTES: Great video of the fourth national tour. The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Hamburg - June 30, 2001 (Matinee) FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: Michael Nicholson (alt The Phantom of the Opera), Olivia Safe (u/s Christine Daaé), Christopher Morandi (alt Raoul), Evelyn Werner (u/s Carlotta Giudicelli), Reinhard Schulze (u/s Monsieur Firmin), Anders Sohlman (Monsieur André), Linda Bruske (Madame Giry), Charlie Serrano (Ubaldo Piangi), Kate Lawrence (Meg Giry) NOTES: Last matinee of the original Hamburg production. The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Las Vegas - August 28, 2006 FORMAT:  VOB (no smalls) (SD) CAST: Anthony Crivello (The Phantom of the Opera), Elizabeth Loyacano (Christine Daaé), Tim Martin Gleason (Raoul), Elena Jeanne Batman (Carlotta Giudicelli), Lawson Skala (Monsieur Firmin), John Leslie Wolfe (Monsieur André), Rebecca Spencer (Madame Giry), Larry Wayne Morbitt (Ubaldo Piangi), Brianne Morgan (Meg Giry) The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Las Vegas - August 8, 2008 (SunsetBlvd79's master) FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: Anthony Crivello (The Phantom of the Opera), Kristi Holden (Christine Daaé), Andrew Ragone (Raoul) NOTES: Great capture of the reconfigured and shortened version of Phantom which had a long run in Vegas. Anthony really gives a powerful performance as the Phantom. A The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - São Paulo (Revival) - December 14, 2019 (Matinee) (Papa Rose 2015's master) FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: Thiago Arancam (The Phantom of the Opera), Guilia Nadruz (alt Christine Daaé), Fred Silveira (Raoul), Bete Diva (Carlotta Giudicelli), Sandro Christopher (Monsieur Firmin), Leo Diniz (u/s Monsieur André), Taís Víera (Madame Giry), Cleyton Pulzi (Ubaldo Piangi), Fernanda Muniz (Meg Giry) NOTES: Excellent video shot during the closing weekend. This was Giulia's second-to-last performance.  

The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Scheveningen - 1993 (Pro-Shot's master) FORMAT:  VOB (no smalls) (SD) CAST: Henk Poort (The Phantom of the Opera), Joke de Kruijf (Christine Daaé), Peter de Smet (Raoul) The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Scheveningen - August 2, 1996 (House-Cam's master) FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: Henk Poort (The Phantom of the Opera), Els Bongers (Christine Daaé), Peter de Smet (Raoul), Vera van Oostmerssen (Carlotta Giudicelli), Nico Schaap (Monsieur Firmin), Stan Lambregts (Monsieur André), Margaret Roest (Madame Giry), Ramon Remedios (Ubaldo Piangi), Natasha Knight (Meg Giry) The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Stuttgart - 2003 (House-Cam's master) FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: Roy Weissensteiner (u/s The Phantom of the Opera), Marion Wilmer (u/s Christine Daaé), Carsten Lepper (Raoul) NOTES: Monitor video. Full stage shot and soundboard audio. The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Sydmonton Festival - July, 1985 (Pro-Shot's master) FORMAT:  MP4 (HD) CAST: Colm Wilkinson (The Phantom of the Opera), Sarah Brightman (Christine Daaé) NOTES: Pretty bad quality due to age and being ripped from video to digital, but it shows the changes the show made before its opening in 1986. The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Third National Tour (Music Box) - April 6, 2006 (musicinthestars's master) FORMAT:  VOB (no smalls) (SD) CAST: Gary Mauer (The Phantom of the Opera), Elizabeth Southard (alt Christine Daaé), Jim Weitzer (Raoul), Kim Stengel (Carlotta Giudicelli), John Jellison (Monsieur Firmin), D C Anderson (Monsieur André), Patti Davidson-Gorbea (Madame Giry), John Whitney (Ubaldo Piangi), Kate Wray (Meg Giry) NOTES: 2 camera edit of Elizabeth Southard's final performance. Very good and emotional show to watch. Real life husband and wife Phantom and Christine. The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - Third National Tour (Music Box) - August 2, 2007 FORMAT:  VOB (no smalls) (SD) CAST: John Cudia (The Phantom of the Opera), Marni Raab (Christine Daaé), Greg Mills (Raoul) NOTES: Beautiful video shot in widescreen, great color, excellent and steady camerawork. The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - West End - 1995 (Pro-Shot's master) FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) |  TRADER'S NOTES: Act 1 only CAST: Ethan Freeman (The Phantom of the Opera), Jill Washington (Christine Daaé), Simon Bowman (Raoul) NOTES: Pro-shot by RUG The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - West End - February 26, 2005 FORMAT:  MP4 (HD) CAST: John Owen-Jones (The Phantom of the Opera), Rachel Barrell (Christine Daaé), Oliver Thornton (Raoul) NOTES: John Owen Jones last show before his return in 2010. Filmed from the stalls, a lot of close ups, especially of Rachel Barrell The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - West End - September 9, 2008 FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: Ramin Karimloo (The Phantom of the Opera), Gina Beck (Christine Daaé), Simon Bailey (Raoul), Kate Radmilovic (Carlotta Giudicelli), Barry James (Monsieur Firmin), Gareth Snook (Monsieur André), Heather Jackson (Madame Giry), Rohan Tickell (Ubaldo Piangi), Tori Johns (Meg Giry) NOTES: Gina, Simon, Kate and Tori's first show. The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - West End - December, 2018 (hitmewithyourbethshot's master) FORMAT:  MP4 (HD) CAST: David Thaxton (The Phantom of the Opera), Amy Manford (alt Christine Daaé), Jeremy Taylor (Raoul), Kimberly Blake (Carlotta Giudicelli), Ross Dawes (Monsieur Firmin), Mark Oxtoby (u/s Monsieur André), Rachel Spurrell (u/s Madame Giry), Paul Tabone (Ubaldo Piangi), Georgia Ware (Meg Giry) NOTES: Lots of blackouts, safety rail in the way as well as a head at times || A bit of shakiness The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - West End - January, 2006 FORMAT:  VOB (with smalls) (SD) CAST: Earl Carpenter (The Phantom of the Opera), Rachel Barrell (Christine Daaé), David Shannon (Raoul), Wendy Ferguson (Carlotta Giudicelli), David Lawrence (u/s Monsieur Firmin), Sam Hiller (Monsieur André), Emily Harvey (u/s Madame Giry), Rohan Tickell (Ubaldo Piangi), Heidi Ann O'Brien (Meg Giry) The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber) - West End - November, 2019 (hitmewithyourbethshot's master) FORMAT:  M2TS (HD) CAST: Josh Piterman (The Phantom of the Opera), Kelly Mathieson (Christine Daaé), Alistair So (u/s Raoul), Britt Lenting (Carlotta Giudicelli), Ross Dawes (Monsieur Firmin), Richard Woodford (Monsieur André), Jacinta Mulcahy (Madame Giry), Simon Whitaker (u/s Ubaldo Piangi), Georgia Ware (Meg Giry) NOTES: MTS file, shot around heads and master tries best to work around them but is unable too. Auction and overtune is blocked alongside most of the whole recording. Theres a few bits here and there where the action is visible such as during think of me, music of the night. Sound is very clear. Anything on the left side of the stage such during "prima dona" is mostly visible-ish. Phantom of the Opera (Ken Hill) - Japan - December, 2013 (Pro-Shot's master) FORMAT:  MP4 (HD) CAST: Peter Straker (The Phantom), Anna Hawkins (Christine Daae), Manaia Glassey-Ohlson (Raoul), Edward Newborn (The Manager (M. Richard)), Chris Green (Mephistopheles), Chris Green (The Persian), Michael McLean (Faust), Helen Moulder (Madame Giry), Lloyd Scott (Debienne), Lloyd Scott (The Groom), Lloyd Scott (The Priest), Lloyd Scott (Mauclair), Lloyd Scott (Gravedigger), Lloyd Scott (The Old Man), Caroline Tatlow (Carlotta), Caroline Tatlow (Dominique), Caroline Tatlow (The Chorus Girl), Camilla Besley (Jammes), Sam Benton (Remy), Brittany Wallis (Lisette), Brittany Wallis (Lady in Box), Cameron Barclay, Patrick Kelly NOTES: TV-rip from BS Japan Channel (Broadcasted on December 31, 2014). Features Japanese subs. Missing Overture of Act 2.

[eeporg]

REFERENCES

Barker, G. and F. Knaul. 1991. "Exploited Entrepreneurs: Street and Working Children in Developing Countries." Working Paper Number 1, Childhope-USA, Inc. New York.Bequele, A. and J. Boyden. 1988. "Working Children: Current Trends and Policy

Responses." International Labor Review 127,2: 153-171

Boyden, J. 1991. "Working Children in Lima, Peru." In W.E. Myers, ed., Protecting Working Children. London: Zed Books Ltd in association with UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund 

Sinclair, V. and G. Trah. 1991. "Child Labour: National Legislation on the Minimum Age for Admission to Employment or Work." In Conditions of Work Digest. (International Labour Office, Geneva) 10,1: 19-146.

Singh, R. and G.E. chuh. 1986."The Economic Contribution of Farm Children and the Boyden, J. 1991. "Working Children in Lima, Peru." In W.E. Myers, ed., Protecting Working Children. London: Zed Books Ltd in association with UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund).Chernichovsky, D. 1985. "Socioeconomic and Demographic Aspects of School Enrollment and Attendance in Rural Botswana." Economic Development and Cultural Change 32: 319-332.Collins, J.L. 1983. "Fertility Determinants in a High Andes Community." Population and Development Review 9,1: 61-75.ILO (International Labour Office). 1993. Bulletin of Labour Statistics 1993-3. Geneva.ILO (International Labour Office). 1992. World Labour Report 1992. Geneva. Ilon, L. and P. Moock. 1991. "School Attributes, Household Characteristics and Demand for Schooling: A Case Study of Rural Peru." International Review of Education 37,4: 429-452.Lindert, P. 1976. "Child Costs and Economic Development." In R.A. Easterlin, ed., Population and Economic Change in Developing Countries. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Patrinos H.A. and G. Psacharopoulos. 1995. "Educational Performance and Child Labor in Paraguay." International Journal of Educational Development 15,1: 47-60.Patrinos, H.A. and G. Psacharopoulos. 1993. "Schooling and Non-schooling Activities of Peruvian Youth: Indigenous Background, Family Composition and Child Labor." (mimeo)Richards, M. 1988. "Opportunity Costs of Education to Rural Households." (USAID, Guatemala Primary Education Efficiency Sub-Sector Assessment).Seetharamu, A.S. and U. Devi. 1985. Education in Rural Areas: Constraints and Prospects. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House.Sinclair, V. and G. Trah. 1991. "Child Labour: National Legislation on the Minimum Age for Admission to Employment or Work." In Conditions of Work Digest. (International Labour Office, Geneva) 10,1: 19-146.Singh, R. and G.E. Schuh. 1986. "The Economic Contribution of Farm Children and the Household Fertility Decisions: Evidence from a Developing Country, Brazil." Indian Journal of Agricultural Economy 41,1: 29-40.Syed, K.A., A. Mirza, R. Sultana and I. Rana. 1991. "Child Labour: Socioeconomic Consequences." Pakistan and Gulf Economist 10: 36-39.Tienda, M. 1979. "Economic Activity of Children in Peru: Labor Force Behavior in Rural and Urban Contexts." Rural Sociology 44: 370-391.UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Statistical and Cultural Organization). 1993. Statistical Yearbook. Paris.UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund). 1992. Children of the Americas: Child Survival, Protection and Integrated Development in the 1990's. Santa Fe de Bogota, Colombia.United Nations. 1989. Revisions, Global Estimates and Projections of Population by Age and Sex. New York.Weiner, M. 1991. The Child and the State in India. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton

[whatwouldbeenough]

what phantom bootleg should i see if i have never seen it before?

Despite James being in these. I love Jordan and they’re pretty good quality. 

06/16/2016 - Broadway - James Barbour, Rachel Ezkanazi-Gold, Jordan Donica, Michele McConnell, Craig Bennet, Laird Mackintosh, Rebecca Eichenberger, Kara Klein VOB + smalls

07/21/2016 - Broadway - James Barbour (The Phantom), Ali Ewoldt (Christine), Jordan Donica (Raoul), Michele McConnell (Carlotta), Craig Bennett (Firmin), Richard Poole (u/s Andre), Rebecca Eichenberger (Madame Giry), John Easterlin (Piangi), Kara Klein (Meg) VOB + smalls

DON’T go watching the 08/12/2015 Tour video. This tour production is fucking terrible. 

[kontroversy]

En 1974, Richard Easterlin publie une étude empirique montrant que le PIB par habitant, au-delà d'un certain seuil de richesse, n'a pas d'effet sur le niveau de satisfaction des individus. Ce paradoxe est connu dans la littérature économique sous le nom de « paradoxe d'Easterlin »53.

Il a été remis en cause en 2008 par l'étude de Justin Wolfers et Betsey Stevenson, montrant à l'aide de données individuelles collectées dans un grand nombre de pays qu'il existe bien un lien entre le PIB par habitant et le degré de satisfaction des individus54.

Une étude plus approfondie, publiée en 2013 par la revue PLOS ONE, confirme les conclusions d'Easterlin : la satisfaction de vivre s’accroît fortement avec le PIB dans les pays à faible revenu, mais la relation devient beaucoup moins pentue au-delà d’un PIB de 10 000 $, puis elle s’aplatit avec un PIB au-delà de 15 000 $, et tend même à décliner avec le PIB dans les pays les plus riches, suggérant l’existence d’un « point de béatitude » qui se situe dans l’intervalle entre 26 000 et 30 000 US $ en parité de pouvoir d’achat

[ericfruits]

Money really can buy happiness and recessions can take it away

Blessed are the rich in spirit Money really can buy happiness and recessions can take it away

Polls from 145 countries show that citizens of wealthier ones are more satisfied and secure

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP), the most common gauge of national prosperity, has taken a lot of flak in recent years. Critics say that counting a country’s spending on goods, services and investment misses the full value that citizens get from products such as Google and Facebook. They also note that GDP ignores other aspects of development, including personal health, leisure time and happiness.

These criticisms probably exaggerate GDP’s failure to capture the wealth of nations. Gallup, a pollster, has asked people in 145 countries about various aspects of well-being. Many of these correlate strongly with GDP per person. To take an obvious example, nearly all residents in the top 10% of countries by spending say they have enough money for food, compared with just two-fifths of those in the bottom 10%.

Strikingly, many non-financial indicators also track GDP per person closely. Residents in the top 10% of countries score their life situation as seven out of ten, compared with just four for those in the bottom 10%. They are also more likely to feel supported by their families, safe in their neighbourhoods and be trusting of their politicians—though they complain nearly as much as people in poor countries do about a lack of rest and affordable housing.

Scholars disagree over the extent to which national wealth itself causes contentment. Some countries’ citizens have remained glum even as GDP per person has risen, a paradox noted by Richard Easterlin, an American economist. But one way of testing if money buys happiness is to analyse what happens when it goes away.

Studies of the previous global recession in 2009 suggest that economic hardship does indeed lead to emotional woe. Academics found dips in life satisfaction and other measures of well-being in the United States and several European countries, though the effects were mainly limited to people who lost their jobs. Adam Mayer of Colorado State University found that among Europeans of similar wealth and education, those who had recently become unemployed and struggled to buy staple foods had the worst outlook on life.

Covid-19 will allow economists to probe this pattern further. The IMF’s latest forecast points to a fall in global GDP, weighted by purchasing-power parity, of 4.9% this year. If past recessions are any guide, the severe shock will have long-lasting effects. Economies will eventually grow larger than they were before the pandemic, but will be less rich than they would have been otherwise. The virus’s human toll is therefore vast in terms of deaths and dollars. But given the correlation between GDP per person and Gallup’s measures of well-being, it may have an enduring impact on the world’s quality of life too. ■

Sources: Gallup; World Bank; World Happiness Report

This article appeared in the Graphic detail section of the print edition under the headline "Blessed are the rich in spirit"

https://ift.tt/2W1srl0

[alvaromatias1000]

Economia da Felicidade: falseamento da ideia de “o dinheiro não traz felicidade”

Matt Ridley, autor do livro “O Otimista Racional” (Rio de Janeiro: Editora Record; 2014), pergunta: as pessoas se tornam mais felizes à medida que necessidades e luxos ficam mais baratos?

Uma pequena indústria caseira cresceu na virada do século XXI devotada ao tema da Economia da Felicidade. Começou com o paradoxo de que as pessoas mais ricas não são necessariamente as mais felizes.

Além de um determinado nível de renda per capita (US$ 15 mil por ano, segundo Richard Layard), o dinheiro não parece comprar bem-estar subjetivo. À medida que livros e ensaios sobre o assunto jorravam da academia, a Schadenfreude, um certo prazer em ver o sofrimento alheio, se instalou em grande escala entre analistas felizes por ver confirmada a infelicidade dos ricos.

Os políticos entenderam, e os governos da Tailândia à Grã-Bretanha começaram a pensar em como maximizar a felicidade nacional bruta em lugar do PIB. Como resultado, departamentos do governo britânico agora têm “divisões de bem-estar”.

Ao rei Jigme Singye Wangchuck, do Butão, se atribui ter sido o primeiro a pensar nisso, em 1972, quando declarou o crescimento econômico ser meta secundária para o bem-estar nacional. Se o crescimento econômico não produz felicidade, disse o novo sábio, então não fazia sentido lutar por prosperidade.

Logo, a economia mundial deveria ser levada a um pouso tranquilo em um nível razoável de renda. Ou, como disse um economista: “Os hippies estavam certos o tempo todo.”

Se for verdade, “isso fura um pouco a bola” do otimista racional. Para que celebrar a contínua derrota da morte, da escassez, da doença e do trabalho penoso se isso não torna as pessoas mais felizes? Mas isso não é verdade.

O debate começou com um estudo de Richard Easterlin em 1974. Ele descobriu: embora em um país rico as pessoas ricas sejam de modo geral mais felizes do que as pessoas pobres, os países mais ricos não tinham cidadãos mais felizes do que os países pobres.

Desde então, o “paradoxo Easterlin” se tornou o dogma central do debate. O problema é que ele está errado.

Dois estudos foram publicados em 2008 analisando todos os dados, e a conclusão clara de ambos é: o paradoxo Easterlin não existe. Isto porque:

pessoas ricas são mais felizes comparadas às pessoas pobres;

países ricos têm mais pessoas felizes em lugar de os países pobres; e

as pessoas ficam mais felizes à medida que ficam mais ricas.

O primeiro estudo simplesmente trabalhava com amostras pequenas demais para revelar diferenças significativas. Em todas as três categorias de comparação — dentro dos países, entre países e entre épocas —, a renda extra compra, de fato, bem-estar geral. Isso quer dizer: em média, coletivamente, no geral, outras coisas sendo equitativas, mais dinheiro, de fato, torna as pessoas mais felizes.

Nas palavras de um dos estudos, “ao todo, nossas comparações de séries periódicas, assim como a comprovação de repetidos cortes transversais internacionais, parecem apontar para uma importante relação entre crescimento econômico e crescimento do bem-estar subjetivo”.

Há exceções. Os americanos atualmente não mostram tendências a uma felicidade crescente. Seria porque os ricos se tornaram mais ricos, e os americanos comuns não prosperaram muito em anos recentes? Ou seria porque os Estados Unidos atraem continuamente imigrantes pobres (infelizes), o que mantém baixo o quociente de felicidade? Quem sabe?

Não é porque os americanos são tão ricos que não ficam nem um pouco mais felizes: japoneses e europeus tornaram-se consistentemente mais felizes à medida que enriqueciam, apesar de serem, com frequência, tão ricos quanto os americanos. Além disso, surpreendentemente, as mulheres americanas ficaram menos felizes em décadas recentes, apesar de ficarem mais ricas.

Obviamente, é possível ser rico e infeliz, como muitas celebridades gloriosamente nos lembram. Naturalmente, é possível ficar rico e descobrir que se é infeliz porque não se é ainda mais rico, e o vizinho ou as pessoas da televisão são mais ricos do que você.

Os economistas chamam isso de “monotonia hedônica”. O resto de nós chama isso de “tentar ter o padrão de vida de outra pessoa”.

É provavelmente verdade os ricos causarem muito dano desnecessário ao planeta ao se esforçarem, continuamente, para serem mais ricos, muito além do ponto quando isso tem algum efeito sobre sua felicidade. Afinal, eles são dotados de instintos para “competição e rivalidade”, pois são descendentes de caçadores-coletores, cujo status relativo, não absoluto, determinava suas recompensas sexuais.

Por esse motivo, um imposto sobre o consumo para estimular a poupança voltada para investimento não é, necessariamente, uma má ideia. Entretanto, isso não significa que alguém seria necessariamente mais feliz se fosse mais pobre — estar em boa situação e infeliz é certamente melhor do que ser pobre e infeliz.

Naturalmente, algumas pessoas serão infelizes não importa o quanto sejam ricas, enquanto outras conseguem se recobrar de problemas e ficar alegres mesmo na pobreza: os psicólogos descobriram as pessoas terem níveis razoavelmente constantes de felicidade aos quais retornam após a alegria ou o desastre.

Além disso, um milhão de anos de seleção natural moldaram a natureza humana para ser ambiciosa e educar crianças bem-sucedidas e a não se acomodar no contentamento: as pessoas estão programadas para desejar, não para apreciar.

Ficar rico não é o único e sequer o melhor modo de ser feliz. A liberação social e política é muito mais eficaz, diz o cientista político Ronald Ingleheart: os grandes ganhos em felicidade vêm de se viver em uma sociedade capaz de proporcionar liberdade para se fazer escolhas sobre o estilo de vida — onde viver, com quem se casar, como expressar a sexualidade e assim por diante.

É o aumento da livre escolha, desde 1981, que tem sido responsável pelo aumento de felicidade registrado desde então em 45 de 52 países. Ruut Veenhoven acha: “quanto mais individualizada a nação, mais os cidadãos desfrutam a vida”.

Matt Ridley, no livro “O Otimista Racional”, defende o credo liberal. Em algumas passagens confunde o leitor com a defesa do individualismo egoísta. Este se distingue da liberdade de escolha individual, ou seja, do direito de minoria se sobreviver com seus valores morais e éticos contra eventual maioria da plebe ignara eleitora de um populista de direita.

Economia da Felicidade: falseamento da ideia de “o dinheiro não traz felicidade” publicado primeiro em https://fernandonogueiracosta.wordpress.com

[snapzubusiness]

It’s the question that has baffled economists for generations. Why doesn’t economic growth make us happier? This used to be known as “Easterlin’s Paradox” after economist Richard Easterlin. He pointed out way back in the 1970s that the industrialized world’s miraculous leaps in per capita GDP were not being matched by much, if any, gains in average life satisfaction. via Snapzu : Business & Economy

[livingwellpage]

The key to happiness

Today we are going to figure out the key to happiness.  As our guide, we won’t use the Dalai Lama or self-help guru.  Instead, we will look at the research of economists Richard Easterlin and Onnicha Sawangfa (what did you expect…this is an economics blog after all).

Their study is unique as it not only measures overall happiness, but also respondents life satisfaction across four domains: finances, family life, work, and health.  Previous research has used these domains cross sectionally to examine how different European countries value each of these domains and how the domains are correlated with overall happiness.  The paper we will discuss to today is focused on the U.S., but unlike the previous research is also able to capture changes in happiness over time.

The authors use 1973-1994 data from the United States General Social Survey (GSS) conducted by the National Opinion Research Center. Using these data, the authors use an ordered logit regression to regress happiness—both overall and the four dimensions considered—on the individual’s age, birth cohort, education, gender, race, and survey year. The authors also examine the relationship between life satisfaction on the four domains (finances, family, work and health) on overall happiness.

Using this technique, the authors reach the following conclusions:

Rich people are happier. Happiness and socio-economic status are positively correlated (when measured cross sectionally across people)

Happiness levels have not changes much across time. Happiness levels have been fairly flat between 1973 and 1994.

Myth of the midlife crisis? The authors find that happiness rises slightly to midlife and declines slowly thereafter. Previous literature have found that happiness declines in middle age, however, the authors explain that this is often the case because those analyses control for other factors (e.g., income, work status, health) which are likely to achieve their highest levels at middle age. Thus, happiness is higher at middle age objectively, but perhaps lower than what we would expect given people’s income levels and marital status.

People are less happy than the used to be. In the words of the authors “For cohorts born between the late nineteenth century and the 1970s, the relation of happiness to cohort is negative and curvilinear, with the lowest happiness levels found in the cohorts born in the mid-1950s.

Another question is how the four individual components of life satisfaction are related to overall happiness. The authors find the following:

More educated people are more satisfied across all domains. Satisfaction with family life, finances, work and health are positively correlated with how much education on has.  Note that more education is much more likely to result in more satisfaction with finances, but the effect of more education on satisfaction with family life is more modest.

In middle-age, increased satisfaction with family and work outweigh less satisfaction with finances and health.   After middle age, however, overall happiness declines, as satisfaction with family, work and health all decline after middle age.

So after all that analysis, do we know the key to happiness?  Unsurprisingly, the answer is no. As the authors conclude that:

…no single domain is the key to happiness. Rather, happiness is the net outcome of satisfaction with all of the major life domains, and the domain patterns frequently differ from each other. Moreover, the importance of any given domain varies depending on the happiness relationship being studied — cross sectionally by education, over time, through the life cycle, or across generations.

Sources:

Easterlin, Richard A., and Onnicha Sawangfa. “Happiness and domain satisfaction: Theory and evidence.” (2007).  IZA DP No. 2584

Saris, W.E., Veenhoven, R., Scherpenzeel, A.C., Bunting, B. (eds)(1995). A Comparative Study of Satisfaction with Life in Europe. Budapest: Eötvös University Press.

The key to happiness published first on your-t1-blog-url

[jazzworldquest-blog]

USA; Judges For ISC 2019 Announced

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Contact: Candace Avery International Songwriting Competition 615.251.4441 press@songwritingcompetition.com www.songwritingcompetition.com  

COLDPLAY, DUA LIPA, KEVIN GATES, TOM WAITS, CAM, FLEET FOXES, TANYA TUCKER AMONG JUDGES FOR 2019 INTERNATIONAL SONGWRITING COMPETITION (ISC)

Judges Also Include Music Industry Icons Sylvia Rhone (Chairman/CEO, Epic Records), Avery Lipman (Founder/President, Republic Records), And More

July 2, 2019 – Coldplay, Dua Lipa, Fleet Foxes, Tom Waits, Cam, American Authors, Irma Thomas, Tanya Tucker, Camila, and many more high-profile recording artists have been slated to join the panel of judges for the 2019 International Songwriting Competition. Additionally, record label heavyweights from Republic, Capitol, Warner Records, Epic, Glassnote, Parlophone, Elektra, and more are also part of the judging panel that will be tasked with listening to and selecting the winners in the competition. In 2018, ISC received almost 19,000 entries from more than 140 countries worldwide. ISC, established in 2002, is designed to nurture the musical talent of songwriters of all levels and promote excellence in the art of songwriting. It is open to both professional and amateur songwriters and artists in 23 genre categories. The competition gives away more than $150,000 in cash and merchandise split among 71 winners, with the Grand Prize comprised of $25,000 in cash plus additional prizes. Past winners have included Vance Joy, Illenium, R.LUM.R., Gotye, Bastille, The Band Perry, Kehlani, Kimbra, and Lindsey Stirling, among others. “We are extremely honored and appreciative to have so many renowned artists and industry executives included as judges this year," said Candace Avery, the competition's Founder and Director. “The participation of these judges is what sets ISC apart from other music competitions and is what makes ISC so special.” The list of 2019 judges includes: Recording Artists: Coldplay; Dua Lipa; Tom Waits; Fleet Foxes; American Authors; The Script; Nancy Wilson (Heart); Tanya Tucker; Kevin Gates; Cam; Kristian Bush (Sugarland); Sara Evans; Bastille; Keane; Gloria Trevi; Walker Hayes; Jeremih; Sidewalk Prophets; Lukas Nelson; Danilo Perez; James McNally (Afro Celt Sound System); Krewella; Kari Jobe; Rakim (Eric B. & Rakim); Camila; Peter Erskine; Matthew West; Robert Randolph (Robert Randolph & The Family Band); DJ Shadow; Nervo; Easton Corbin; Mandolin Orange; Amadou & Miriam; Kaskade; John Mayall; Ted Nash; Joe Louis Walker; Gordon Goodwin; Nicholas Gunn; Ashwin Batish; Lonnie Liston Smith; Walter Trout; Micah Tyler; Aparna Nancheris; Jimmy Pardo; John Tibbs; and more to be announced. Industry Executives: Avery Lipman (Founder/President, Republic Records); Sylvia Rhone (Chairman/CEO, Epic Records); Daniel Glass (President, Glassnote Records); Jo Charrington (Co-President, Capitol Music Group UK); Nick Burgess (Co-President, Parlophone Records); Mark Mitchell (Co-President, Parlophone Records); Mike Easterlin (Co-President, Elektra Music Group); John Burk (President, Concord Label Group); Ed Vetri (President, Wind-Up Records); Bruce Iglauer (Founder/President, Alligator Records); Kate Craig (VP of A&R, Warner Records); Nate Albert (EVP of A&R, Capitol Records); Jacob Edgar (Founder, Cumbancha); Josh Bailey (Senior VP of A&R, Word Entertainment); Gordon Kerr (CEO, Black River Entertainment); Richard Stumpf (CEO, Atlas Publishing); Kim Buie (VP of A&R, New West Records); AJ Tobey (Head of A&R, Rough Trade Publishing); Cory Robbins (Founder/President, Robbins Entertainment); Julie Kertes (Editor/Manager, Hot Diggity Media); Carletta Higginson (Global Head of Music Publishing, YouTube); Laura Margolin (Publishing, Glassnote Records); Leib Ostrow (Founder/CEO, Music For Little People); Katherine Dines (Co-President, The Children’s Music Network); Claire S. Green (President, Parent’s Choice Foundation); Benjamin Groff (Founder, The Brill Building); Golnar Khosrowshahi (President, Reservoir Media Management); Tamara Conniff (EVP, Roc Nation); Carl Caprioglio (Founder/CEO, Oglio Entertainment); and more to be announced. ISC is sponsored by Celebrity Access, Eventric, Lurssen Mastering, Merch Cat, Musicians Institute, PreSonus, SongU, Sweetwater, and TuneCore. ### For more information about ISC, please email Candace Avery at press@songwritingcompetition.com or call 615-251-4441.

via Blogger https://ift.tt/30m725Q

[worklabournewsresearch]

How Happy is Your Country?

“There are important examples of national income and happiness rising and falling together. The most significant—in terms of population—is China, where GDP per person has doubled over a decade, while average happiness has risen by 0.43 points. Among rich countries Germany enjoys higher incomes and greater cheer than ten years ago. Venezuela, once the fifth-happiest country in the world, has become miserable as its economy has collapsed. Looking across countries, growth is correlated with rising happiness.”

“Yet that correlation is very weak. Of the 125 countries for which good data exist, 43 have seen GDP per person and happiness move in opposite directions. Like China, India is a populous developing economy that is growing quickly. But happiness is down by about 1.2 points in the past decade. America, the subject of Easterlin’s initial study, has again seen happiness fall as the economy has grown. In total the world’s population looks roughly equally divided between places where happiness and incomes have moved in the same direction over the past ten years, and places where they have diverged.”

The Economist, March 20, 2019: “Economic growth does not guarantee rising happiness”

World Happiness Report 2019 website

World Happiness Report 2019, by John Helliwell, Richard Layard & Jeffrey Sachs (eds) (136 pages, PDF)

[elevenrio]

Estudo afirma que viajar é melhor do que comprar coisas novas

“Compramos coisas para nos fazer felizes e sermos bem-sucedidos. Mas isso acontece só por um tempo. Adquirir novas coisas é excitante apenas no começo, mas depois, nos adaptamos a elas”. Isso é o que diz o professor de economia da Universidade do Sul da Califórnia, Dr. Richard Easterlin, que argumenta sobre a satisfação da vida em relação ao dinheiro.

Crédito da imagem: Pixabay

O Dr. Richard Easterlin ainda sugere que, em sua busca pela felicidade, em vez de gastar dinheiro em um carro ou TV novos aos quais você vai se acostumar, é melhor investir em experiências como atividades ao ar livre, viagens, aprendizado de novas habilidades ou shows de arte.

Crédito da imagem: Pixabay

Uma coisa que todos nós temos em comum é a busca pela felicidade e a sociedade nos faz acreditar que o dinheiro é a ferramenta para alcançar esse sentimento. Mas isso não é uma verdade, o dinheiro pode até satisfazer nossas necessidades básicas e alguns desejos, mas depois disso…realmente não vai muito além.

Crédito da imagem: Pixabay

As pessoas tendem a acreditar que é melhor gastar dinheiro comprando um bem material que durará muito tempo, em vez de gastar dinheiro em shows ou em férias. Mas de acordo com o Dr. Richert Easterlin, essa suposição está completamente errada, já que uma experiência como viajar te fará mais feliz a longo prazo.

Crédito da imagem: Pixabay

Depois de conduzir estudos sobre a teoria de Easterlin, o dr. Thomas Gilovich, professor de psicologia na Cornell University, ainda acrescenta que “um dos inimigos da felicidade é a adaptação. Nossas experiências são uma parte maior de nós mesmos e mais do que nossos bens materiais. Podemos realmente gostar das coisas materiais. Podemos até pensar que parte de nossa identidade está conectada a essas coisas, mas mesmo assim elas permanecem separadas de nós. Já as nossas experiências realmente fazem parte de nós. Somos a soma total de nossas experiências.”

Crédito da imagem: Pixabay

Em suma, vamos viajar, ir a shows, sair com os amigos, fazer esportes radicais, artes ou qualquer tipo de atividade! A felicidade que você sentirá ao vivenciar, compartilhar e falar sobre essa experiência com as outras pessoas, sobreviverá mais tempo que qualquer objeto que você possa comprar.

  Estudo revela que viajar traz mais felicidade do que casar

Buscando inspiração para sua próxima viagem? Siga nosso perfil no Trip Advisor e encontre dicas, roteiros e os melhores hotéis para as suas férias!

O post Estudo afirma que viajar é melhor do que comprar coisas novas apareceu primeiro em Viajante HU | Dicas de Viagem, Roteiros Nacionais e Internacionais.

O post Estudo afirma que viajar é melhor do que comprar coisas novas foi postando originalmente em Elen Venâncio Rio.

[harryandmeghan0-blog]

What requirements does an instructor require

New Post has been published on https://harryandmeghan.xyz/what-requirements-does-an-instructor-require/

What requirements does an instructor require

The following is a little group of funds and happiness quotations. Inside their publication, the set researched how alternative means of spending money can in fact increase an individual’s level of well-being. The taxes post happiness makes all the perception in the entire globe. To me, this suggests obtaining your funds well-being. In the long run, happiness is about desiring and managing what you now have. In my opinion that is actually powerful regarding where folks locate the joy of their life style. Thus, money can’t purchase happiness. In truth it may have very little to do with happiness whatsoever. Wealth, about the opposite palm, doesn’t inevitably result in happiness and contentment.

My delightful bakery therefore estimates that yearly income will be $ 300 and has square-feet 1,000.

Cash is merely a way of exchange. It’s potential to restrain the effect of money all on your own joy. Only concentrate on easy strategies for receiving the most happiness in the cash you soon have. On a quest to seek out true happiness. A greater level of well-being. No body says,”Poor me, I got lots of funds.” Achievement is not going to need a whole lot of funds, says Richards. Cash is typically connected to purchasing stuff.

The expectations of the tavern association bind lawyers inside the state where they are qualified.

It’s a large part of our lives. In truth, many of them are saying,”I enjoy having plenty of money. Invest your funds and make individuals around you content. It appears that the mo Re funds an individual has the more miserable they truly are. As it’s mentioned and heard repeatedly during time, a lot of people think that money can not purchase happiness. If you actually enjoy to speak to folks move locate function with folks around you. As an example, I’ve discovered that focusing on time contributes to greater well-being than focusing on cash.

It certainly is the correct time for issues others have done, for you to exhibit appreciation.

A truth I’m ultimately, ultimately granting. I’d n’t had a day off in more or less the whole four years I’d been freelancing. It doesn’t suggest every opportunity is appropriate for you personally, but now you’re in the most acceptable mindset to estimate and maximize the types that do. Within the last few years, however, additional studies have known as the Easterlin Paradox in to question. Plenty of psychology materials indicates that delaying pleasure produces a content, effective, happy lifestyle. Naturally, folks are judgmental. Instead, there’s expected regularity in how folks encounter happiness, together with in the experiences that arouse happiness.

Their harmless and trustworthy natures permit them to believe what we college essays writers would not recognize.

Across language, lifestyle, faith, ethnic background, just the exact same quantity of extra money appears to purchase the comparable quantity of extra happiness. Put simply, riches and abundance may undermine appreciation and decrease the favorable feelings linked to regular experiences. Individuals may get confused by all your choices and options, and the sum of liberty they have. Next group, yet, back to pie -in-the-sky idealism. The greater their revenue, the greater the rung people selected. essay type Studies suggest that happiness isn’t as dependent on things such as your earnings and much more reliant on day to day activities. The research means that current well-being isn’t correlated with riches and might even be negatively linked to revenue.

Attempt olive oil, butter, grape, and mayonnaise.

To put it differently, past a specific income amount, your happiness arises from additional factors. The outcome operates whatsoever degrees of revenue. Buying experiences, compared, does seem to produce more well-being for every single buck invested.”So earnings is helpful, however only in some specific conditions.” After you have ended, meeting other students. One mo Re advantage of purchasing a research paper from Ultius is your function will not ever be plagiarized. Thinning down thesis ideas is, in addition, instrumental to writing an excellent dissertation. Provide each other comments in your articles.

[reseau-actu]

L’expansion économique ne permettant plus de réduire les inégalités et alimentant le réchauffement climatique, le débat sur la post-croissance ressurgit.

Pour Camille Grandjean, cela commence par une question simple face aux produits du supermarché : « En ai-je vraiment besoin ? » A la maison, cela se poursuit par une série de petits gestes : limiter les déchets, récupérer une partie de l’eau de douche pour arroser les plantes. « Je fabrique également beaucoup de mes cosmétiques et produits ménagers, détaille la jeune femme de 34 ans, puéricultrice au centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice. J’ai toujours été sensible à l’écologie, mais mon cheminement vers la décroissance s’est fait très progressivement. » Ses enfants peinent encore à se convertir au dentifrice à l’argile blanche qu’elle prépare, mais ils la soutiennent. Tout comme son mari. « Je vis davantage en cohérence avec mes idéaux, explique-t-elle, avant de nuancer : même si je suis toujours en pleine contradiction. » Car certaines habitudes sont plus difficiles à lâcher que d’autres, confie celle qui « avoue » posséder un iPhone.

Lire aussi  

L’OCDE estime que la croissance mondiale va ralentir en 2019

Camille Grandjean pourrait passer pour l’une de ces bobos prises d’une lubie soudaine pour l’environnement. Un peu déconnectée des angoisses liées aux fins de mois difficiles, au chômage de longue durée et au déclassement. Et pourtant : à quelques jours de la COP24 sur le réchauffement climatique, qui se tiendra à Katowice (Pologne) du 3 au 14 décembre, ces questionnements et doutes tourmentent de plus en plus de Français.

Ceux que la démission de Nicolas Hulot du ministère de la transition écologique, lassé du manque d’engagement gouvernemental en faveur de l’environnement, a choqué. Ceux qui, en 2015, ont été enthousiasmés par le documentaire Demain, de Cyril Dion et Mélanie Laurent (1,1 million de spectateurs en salles), recensant les initiatives vertes dans une dizaine de pays, ou dévorent les livres de Pierre Rabhi, l’apôtre de la « sobriété heureuse », cartons de librairie. Ceux de plus en plus nombreux à se tourner vers les Associations pour le maintien d’une agriculture paysanne (AMAP), les Ressourceries ou le bio, en plein essor.

« Un concept parapluie »

Ceux, enfin, que la multiplication des rapports alarmistes sur le désordre climatique provoqué par l’activité humaine interroge : comment sortir d’un modèle qui, si rien ne change, nous conduira dans le mur ? Comment modifier nos modes de vie et habitudes de consommation pour limiter notre impact sur l’environnement ? Et ce, alors que l’épisode des « gilets jaunes » a brutalement souligné à quel point la transition écologique est délicate lorsqu’elle ne s’accompagne pas de justice sociale. Le débat émerge même au sein de l’Eglise, d’ordinaire peu impliquée dans le débat économique. « L’heure est venue d’accepter une certaine décroissance », lançait ainsi le pape François lors de l’encyclique Laudato si, en 2015. « L’urgence climatique et sociale est telle que la volonté de trouver un autre modèle travaille la société, constate Eddy Fougier, politologue, chercheur associé à l’Institut des relations internationales et stratégiques (IRIS). Même si cela n’est pas encore visible à grande échelle, les pratiques évoluent. »

La réflexion sur les méfaits environnementaux de la croissance ne date pourtant pas d’hier. Elle a débuté au début des années 1970, autour du rapport Meadows intitulé Les Limites de la croissance (1972) pour le Club de Rome, appelant à freiner l’expansion économique, et des travaux de Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen. Ce statisticien fut l’un des premiers à souligner qu’un développement infini de l’activité est incompatible avec un monde où, par définition, les ressources naturelles sont limitées.

En France, ceux qui se montrent sensibles à ces idées se sont peu à peu regroupés pendant les années 2000 sous la bannière « décroissance », fondée sur une critique de la société de consommation et du libéralisme. Aujourd’hui, ils forment un courant traversé par plusieurs écoles théoriques et des chapelles, pas toujours simples à cerner. En Europe, aux Etats-Unis, une kyrielle de collectifs cogite également sur le sujet. « La décroissance est un concept parapluie, à la fois politique, économique et social, et regroupe plusieurs idées plus ou moins radicales », explique Giorgos Kallis, économiste spécialisé en écologie à l’Université autonome de Barcelone.

Jusque dans les années 1980, la croissance économique se traduisait par une hausse du bien-être, dans les pays industrialisés comme dans les pays émergents.

Parmi eux, certains rejettent violemment les notions de « croissance verte » et de « développement durable », les jugeant comme une impasse marketing faisant obstacle au véritable changement. D’autres estiment au contraire que toutes les pistes permettant de transformer nos modes de vie sont bonnes à suivre. Quelques-uns, encore, insistent sur la nécessité de freiner la hausse de la population mondiale. Mais tous se rejoignent sur un point : la critique du produit intérieur brut (PIB), aujourd’hui au cœur de nos politiques publiques.

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Dominique Méda : « Il faut de nouvelles boussoles pour raisonner au-delà de la croissance »

Il est vrai que dans l’après-guerre, et jusque dans les années 1980, la croissance économique se traduisait mécaniquement par une hausse du bien-être, dans les pays industrialisés comme dans les pays émergents. « Mais depuis, la relation n’est plus vraie », souligne Tim Jackson, professeur en développement durable à l’université britannique de Surrey. D’abord, parce que l’activité industrielle génère une pollution qui dégrade toujours plus la qualité de vie.

En outre, une partie de la croissance est désormais tirée par les dépenses liées aux problèmes engendrés par le dérèglement climatique – inondations, sécheresses, montée des eaux… Enfin, les fruits de cette croissance sont de moins en moins bien répartis entre les classes sociales. « Non seulement elle détériore les conditions de vie sur terre, mais elle ne permet plus de réduire les inégalités et de favoriser le bien-être », résume Dominique Bourg, philosophe à l’université de Lausanne, engagé au côté de Delphine Batho, la présidente de Génération écologie.

Accroissement des inégalités

Les décroissants ne ratent donc pas une occasion de brandir les travaux, datant des années 1970, de l’économiste américain Richard Easterlin, selon lesquels la corrélation entre le PIB par habitant et le bien-être ressenti serait faible, voire nulle, au-delà d’un certain niveau. Les travaux de l’économiste Thomas Piketty ont également mis en lumière l’accroissement des inégalités depuis trente ans au sein des économies développées. En particulier aux Etats-Unis, où la part du revenu national allant aux 10 % des contribuables les plus aisés est passée de 34 % à 47 % depuis 1980, tandis qu’elle a augmenté de 33 % à 37 % en Europe.

Voilà pourquoi les tenants d’un autre modèle suggèrent de changer de boussole. Et de privilégier, au lieu du PIB, une série d’indicateurs permettant de mesurer le degré d’égalité, la santé et l’empreinte carbone. Surtout, ils appellent les gouvernements à ne plus fonder leur stratégie sur la quête de la croissance, mais plutôt sur celle du bien-être de la population. « Cela implique de transformer les comportements individuels, bien sûr, mais aussi la façon dont fonctionne l’Etat, la fiscalité, nos systèmes sociaux », explique Katherine Trebeck, de Wellbeing Economy Alliance, un réseau mondial regroupant diverses organisations cherchant à transformer le modèle économique.

Comment ? En augmentant les taxes sur les énergies fossiles afin d’accélérer le développement des énergies renouvelables, ou sur les biens et services ayant un impact négatif sur l’environnement. En relevant la fiscalité sur les ménages aisés pour limiter les inégalités. Beaucoup préconisent aussi d’instaurer un revenu universel tout en réduisant le temps de travail pour mieux répartir l’emploi et en finir avec les emplois inutiles. Ou encore, d’installer la gratuité des services publics de base…

En septembre, ces pistes ont été débattues au sein du Parlement européen, lors d’une conférence consacrée à la « post-croissance ». La première du genre, célébrée comme une grande avancée par le mouvement. Dans la foulée, le député de La France insoumise François Ruffin a tenu un long discours devant l’Assemblée nationale, qualifiant l’expansion économique d’« escroquerie » : « Vous aurez beau habiller votre croissance de tous les adjectifs du monde – verte, durable, soutenable… – à qui ferez-vous croire que l’on va produire plus et polluer moins ? »

Changer de modèle

Mais au-delà, ces idées peinent encore à trouver un écho sérieux dans l’arène politique, où le débat de fond sur le modèle socio-économique reste difficile. « Il est inquiétant de voir qu’en Europe, les milieux dirigeants traitent avec un profond mépris ces questions de la post-croissance », note l’eurodéputé vert Philippe Lamberts. D’ailleurs, ses tenants sont souvent caricaturés comme des doux dingues prônant le retour à la bougie. Des technophobes moralisateurs se serrant la ceinture. Cela tient peut-être au vocabulaire qu’ils emploient. A l’origine conçu comme un bon coup marketing, le mot décroissance, évoquant la régression et le repli, ne fait guère rêver. « Toute proposition politique émanant d’un mouvement portant ce nom sera ignorée ou rejetée par les dirigeants politiques et économiques », assène le physicien Dennis Meadows, co-auteur du rapport portant son nom.

Conscients de cette limite, ses promoteurs tentent de le remplacer par des notions telles que a-croissance ou post-croissance. Et insistent sur les retombées positives qu’un changement de modèle engendrerait : les relocalisations face à la mondialisation, les coopératives face à la concurrence, la gratuité contre la marchandisation…

Contradictions

Mais le scepticisme que suscitent leurs propositions ne tient pas seulement à la sémantique. Beaucoup, parmi les économistes extérieurs au mouvement, estiment qu’elles manquent de réalisme et sont difficilement applicables. « A PIB mondial égal, une meilleure répartition des richesses entre les continents impliquerait une baisse de revenus difficilement supportable socialement dans les pays riches. En outre, faire mieux et vert en utilisant moins de ressources peut se faire dans le cadre de la croissance », estime Alexandre Delaigue, économiste à l’université de Lille-I. « En théorie, passer à la post-croissance est assez simple, mais cela se complique sérieusement lorsqu’on entre dans le concret, reconnaît Fabrice Flipo, philosophe des sciences et techniques, spécialiste des risques environnementaux. D’autant que nous manquons de travaux économiques convaincants. »

Certes, la recherche académique consacrée au sujet s’étoffe. Mais sans solution clés en main, difficile d’être audible par le plus grand nombre. D’autant que le mouvement souffre d’un entre-soi dont il a du mal à s’affranchir. « Les personnes blanches et sur-éduquées sont clairement surreprésentées, admet Vincent Liegey, coordinateur du collectif d’organisation des conférences internationales de la décroissance. Nous tentons d’y échapper en multipliant les projets concrets associant la population. »

S’ajoutent à cela nos propres contradictions : difficile de remettre en cause ses habitudes de consommation lorsque cela implique de renoncer à son confort. Surtout quand tout incite à faire le contraire. « L’injonction à consommer et accumuler pour être heureux est puissante, encouragée par la publicité culpabilisant ceux qui ne possèdent pas ce qu’ont les autres », ajoute M. Flipo.

Au reste, le changement se heurte à un fossé générationnel. « Remettre en cause la croissance est difficilement appréhendable chez les plus de 50 ans, élevés pendant les “trente glorieuses”, pointe M. Fougier. Or ces derniers sont majoritairement à la tête des entreprises, des grandes administrations et dans les milieux politiques. » Ils n’ont donc, fondamentalement, aucun intérêt à réformer le système. « Il n’y a pas de relais politique pour faire changer d’échelle les nombreuses initiatives qui foisonnent au niveau local », regrette M. Bourg.

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Les inégalités de revenus sont aussi générationnelles

Même ceux qui le souhaitent se confrontent à un problème de taille : celui du temps. Les mesures susceptibles de limiter le réchauffement climatique n’auront d’effet tangible que dans plusieurs décennies, alors que la plupart sont très coûteuses à court terme. « Aucun parti ne remportera une élection avec un tel programme », tranche M. Meadows, avec pessimisme. D’autres, comme Mme Trebeck, restent néanmoins convaincus que le changement peut advenir plus vite qu’on ne le croit. « Il passera par les nouvelles générations, qui n’ont pas grandi dans le mythe de la croissance heureuse, estime la jeune femme. Ce sont elles qui transformeront le cœur du système. »

Le PIB est de plus en plus critiqué

Le produit intérieur brut (PIB) n’est pas le meilleur indicateur du bien-être de la population. Pis : à tant se concentrer sur lui, les gouvernements européens ont trop longtemps sous-estimé les dégâts sociaux engendrés par la crise de 2008. Ce constat, de nouveau dressé par l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE), est de plus en plus consensuel parmi les économistes, notamment depuis des travaux menés en 2009 sur le sujet par les Prix Nobel Joseph Stiglitz et Amartya Sen. Ces derniers suggèrent ainsi d’étayer la mesure de l’activité par un tableau de bord d’indicateurs permettant de mesurer l’insécurité économique, les inégalités de revenu et de patrimoine, ou encore la précarité.

Croissance versus décroissance

L’expansion économique ne permettant plus de réduire les inégalités et alimentant le réchauffement climatique, le débat sur la post-croissance ressurgit. « Le Monde » publie une série en trois volets.