Mummy portrait (wax encaustic on sycamore wood) of a girl, from the Fayum region of Egypt. Artist unknown; ca. 120-150 CE (reign of Hadrian or Antoninus Pius). Now in the Liebieghaus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Photo credit: Carole Raddato.
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Isis-Aphrodite
* 2nd century BCE - 1st century CE
* terracotta
* Turin Egyptian museum
Turin, June 2023
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Blue glazed jar, bowl, pigment container and composition ink-well
Roman Egypt, 1st-2nd Century A.D.
British Museum. EA22015
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The Roman Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt
In ancient history the pharaoh was the head of state and ruler of the country. However, he was not just a secular ruler, but a divine being on Earth who acted as an intermediary between the spiritual world and the earthly world. In essence he was a mortal representative of the gods. Interestingly, one did not have to be an Egyptian to be an Egyptian pharaoh. The act of conquering and ruling Egypt qualified one to be a pharaoh. As a result there were many foreign pharaohs throughout Egyptian history including those who were Persian, Nubian, Libyan, Hyksos, Kushite, and Macedonian Greek.
In 30 BC Cleopatra VII became the last ruler of Egypt from the Macedonian Greek Ptolemaic Dynasty. Cleopatra had backed the losing side of a Roman civil war, opposing Octavian and supporting Marc Antony. Octavian won, she was deposed, she committed suicide, and Egypt became a Roman province. When Octavian became Augustus and founded the Roman Empire, the Egyptians also recognized him as the official Pharaoh of Egypt. Afterwards successive Roman emperors were also declared pharaohs, until around the 4th century when Christianity became the dominant religion in Egypt.
Truth be told, most if not all Roman emperors didn't give a damn about being pharaohs. Most emperors never even stepped foot in Egypt and it didn't seem like they took their role as pharaoh very seriously. Regardless Egyptian iconography and art was crafted depicting Roman emperors in Egyptian style wearing Egyptian royal regalia and interacting with Egyptian gods. Some interesting examples are...
Gigachad Pharaoh Augustus
Tiberius
Nero
Nero again
Trajan making sacrifices to Hathor
Domitian
Domitian with Horus
Caracalla
Marcus Aurelius
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Faiyum Portrait of a Roman Citizen, 2nd century A.D, Roman Egypt
Norton Simon Museum
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https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/515253.aspx
Incredible find. I love those sunken (or perhaps just buried?) sarcophagi.
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flickr
Beautiful shot of the mummy mask of an unnamed lady. Colourful gods parade across the yellow mask, bringing offerings: on this, the left side, we have Seshat, Hathor (wearing an elaborate headdress with a vulture wearing the red crown), Tefnut, and Anubis wearing the double crown.
(This is the same as this.)
When: Roman Egypt
Where: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
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statuette of Nemesis in the form of a female griffin with wings, Roman Egypt (2nd century CE), earthenware and blue faience with yellow faience necklace and black and white glazed eyes
currently in the collection of the Brooklyn Museum (accession no. 53.173)
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The Egyptian deity Horus as a Roman emperor. The figure bears the falcon-head of Horus, topped by the characteristic double crown (pschent) of Egyptian pharaohs, but also wears Roman armor (specifically lorica squamata, consisting of metal scales sewn to a fabric backing) with a small gorgoneion. Artist unknown; 2nd cent. CE. Now in the Louvre. Photo credit: © Marie-Lan Nguyen / Wikimedia Commons /
CC-BY 4.0
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A 1,900-year-old statue of the Buddha — discovered at the ancient Egyptian port city of Berenike, on the coast of the Red Sea — likely belonged to a transplant from South Asia, according to archaeologists.
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Mummy shroud from Antinoöpolis, Egypt
c. 225 - 250 A.D.
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