4 New Species Of Burrowing Frogs Discovered In India
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For researcher Sonali Garg, the discovery of not 1 but four new species of frogs by her comes as a complete surprise. It is because for her field study in the Western Ghats, she was on the lookout for only a single species of burrowing frog named the Rufescent Burrowing Frog (Fejervarya rufescens) that builds its home underground. It was only when her field material were studied in detail that the scientist and her colleagues realised that they were not looking at one species but possibly 4 new burrowing frog species.
Till recently, the Rufescent Burrowing Frog (Fejervarya rufescens) was thought to be the only frog within the Fejervarya genus. It was also believed to be widely distributed all over the Western Ghats. But as the frog is nocturnal, lives underground and usually seen only during the monsoon months, not much was known about its behaviour.
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Rufescent Burrowing Frog (Fejervarya rufescens). Image courtesy
It was to further study this unusual frog that PhD student Sonali Garg spent many nights travelling in the Western Ghats between 2007 and 2015 and collect different specimen of the burrowing frog. When she brought her study material back to her lab in University of Delhi and analysed the DNA samples, morphology as well as the vocalisation of the frogs in detail, that she realised that these were not one species, but 5 distinct ones including the already known Rufescent Burrowing Frog.
The newly discovered cousins of that one burrowing frog are,
Kadar Burrowing Frog (Fejervarya kadar) – Named after the Kadar tribe of Kerala
CEPF Burrowing Frog (F. cepfi), – named after the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF)
Manoharan’s Burrowing Frog (F. Manoharani) – Named after T.M. Manoharan, former principal chief conservator of forests in Kerala
Neil Cox’s Burrowing Frog (F. neilcoxi) – named after Neil Cox, the manager of the biodiversity assessment unit at the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
These are all new to science.
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“Our study highlights a fairly common group of frogs that is usually found closer to human habitations but still not documented properly,” Garg said. “More extensive studies are required to scientifically identify and describe the Western Ghats frogs which are already facing extinction threats from various human activities.”
From abundant to rare
The discovery of these 4 new burrowing species of frogs changes the population estimate of the Rufescent Burrowing Frog. Till now it was listed as ‘Least Concern’ in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as scientist believed it was widespread in the Western Ghats.
manoharan’s burrowing frog
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But they have now found that the species is actually restricted to a much smaller area in the state of Karnataka and adjoining regions in Kerala, north of Palghat gap in the Western Ghats. This means that its conservation status could possibly change.
“The new finding will have a significant implication on the conservation status of these frogs because now it is clear that instead of a single species there are five different species with different conservation requirements,” S D Biju, Garg’s PhD supervisor, said in the statement. “We need to be concerned about the existence of these newly discovered frogs and conduct further studies to reassess their conservation status.”
Frog Haven
Kadar burrowing frog
What is definitely of extreme significance is the frequency with which new species are being discovered in the Western Ghats. The Western Ghats have recorded the second highest number of the total new species of amphibians described globally (1581) from 2006-2015. Of approximately 159 species found in the Sri Lankan biodiversity hotspot, 103 species were from Western Ghats alone.
It only makes it all the more important to save the Ghats from human intrusions.
Read More: Friday Frog Fact: Gundia Leaping Frog
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4 New Species Of Burrowing Frogs Discovered In India was originally published on India's Endangered
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Three new species of little horned frogs discovered in North-East India - india news
https://www.liveindiatimes.com/three-new-species-of-little-horned-frogs-discovered-in-north-east-india-india-news/
A team of Indian and Irish biologists from Delhi University, University College Dublin and the Natural History Museum (UK) have discovered three new species of horned frogs from the jungles of North-East India.
The findings, published on April 28, 2020, in the Journal of Natural History, is the result of fourteen years of research and seven years of fieldwork.
“This study is a testament to how little is known about the most threatened animal group, frogs, in northeastern India,” Stephen Mahony, the lead author of the paper, said in a statement.
“Our work has completely changed what we thought we knew about these secretive animals, from how to identify the different species and how they are related to each other, to where they live and how vulnerable they may be to deforestation,” he added.
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The scientists named two of the new species using words adapted from local tribal languages at their sites of discovery.
The Naga Hills Horned Frog (Megophrys awuh), where the word “awuh” means “frog” in the Pochury language, the primary native tribe from the Melluri district of Nagaland.
The Tamenglong Horned Frog
(
Systematics Lab, Delhi University
)
The Tamenglong Horned Frog (Megophrys numhbumaeng), where the name is derived from ‘nwmbwmaeng’ meaning “forest spirit” from the Rongmei (Ruangmei) language, the primary native tribe from the Tamenglong district of Manipur state.
The third new species, the Dzükou Valley Horned Frog (Megophrys dzukou), was named after the only place where this potentially endangered new species was found. The location lies on the border of Nagaland and Manipur.
The Dzükou Valley Horned Frog
(
Systematics Lab, Delhi University
)
The discovery was made when the biologists were investigating a group of small species of horned frogs from the North-East. Horned frogs are so named for their fleshy, horn-like, projection on the upper eyelids of some species.
“North-East India is part of globally recognised biodiversity hotspots. Yet, the amphibian fauna of this region has been overlooked for far too long. Many such surprises are still waiting to be uncovered with respect to the incredible frog diversity of the North-East,” SD Biju, Professor at Delhi University said. With the new discoveries, 11 new species of horned frog have been named from North-East India following research by the same core team published in 2011, 2013, and 2018 (which included the 11 cm Giant Himalayan Horned Frog).
“I grew up personally witnessing the rapid changes in North-East landscapes and jungles disappearing with shocking speed. Frogs are very vital for healthy ecosystems but incredibly many Nagas still consider them as tasty snacks.” Rachunliu G Kamei, one of the authors involved in the research, said.
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Behold: 4 New Species Of Tiny Frogs Smaller Than A Fingernail
Four newly discovered frog species are so tiny that they can sit comfortably on a fingernail, making them some of the smallest-known frogs in the world.
[NEWS] Scientists said in a video that they were "surprised to find that the miniature forms are in fact locally abundant and fairly common." The frogs likely escaped notice until now because of their tiny size and secretive habitats, hidden under damp soil or dense vegetation.
The team from the University of Delhi also found three other, larger species from the same genus of night frog, Nyctibatrachus, in a study published in PeerJ.
The largest of the seven frog species, Radcliffe's Night Frog, comes in at about 38 mm, while the smallest, Robin Moore's Night Frog, is some 12.4 mm. Take a look at how they measure up:
Seven new species discovered in India's Western Ghats. A. Radcliffe's night frog, B. Athirappilly night frog, C. Kadalar night frog, D. Sabarimala night frog, E. Vijayan's night frog, F. Manalar night frog, G. Robin Moore's night frog.
The researchers proved these are new species "by using an integrated taxonomic approach that included DNA studies, detailed morphological comparisons and bioacoustics."
These frogs are also distinctive because of their insect-like calls, which sound a little like a cricket chirping — yet another reason why they might have been previously overlooked.
Researcher Sonali Garg, who is a doctoral student at the University of Delhi, explained in an interview with PeerJ how these miniature frogs differ from other night frogs:
"Unlike other large-sized frogs in the genus (up to 77 mm in length), which are adapted to live in forest streams, have large foot webbing and call loudly, the new miniature frogs have very different insect-like calls, lack webbing between toes and are found under damp leaf litter or in marshes."
Taken together, the seven new species found in the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot suggests that more species are likely to be found in the area. "The past decade has witnessed an exponential increase in the number of new amphibian species described from this region," the researchers say. Some 159 new species were identified in the area between 2006-2015.
Night frogs are an "ancient group of frogs that diversified approximately 70-80 million years ago," Garg said. The team's findings mean a far higher number of the night frog genus are miniature than previously known.
"Previously, the Night Frog genus comprised of 28 recognized species of which only three were miniature sized," the researchers stated. "Now the total number of known Nyctibatrachus species has increased to 35, of which 20 percent are diminutive in size."
The newly discovered frogs all reside in small areas in the southern Western Ghats states of Kerala and Tamilnadu, Garg said. That may not bode well for them — the researchers say some of the habitats are in areas that are not protected.
"Out of the seven new species, five are facing considerable anthropogenic threats and require immediate conservation prioritization," said University of Delhi's SD Biju.
Source: npr.org
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