#SocketCAN

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PiCAN FD HAT with LIN Bus for Raspberry Pi

This PiCAN FD HAT comes with a LIN Bus interface. The Microchip MCP2518FD IC provides Classical CAN and CAN FD, while a dsPIC33 microcontroller enables the LIN Bus connection. Communication to the Pi is via UART on ttyS0 using ASCII text commands. An example of the LIN-bus GUI app, written in Python3 and Tkinter, is available. It is easy to install the SocketCAN driver, and programming is supported in C or Python.

[koronkowy]

Summary

🛠️ Introduction to CAN Bus Hacking:

Eric Evenchick introduces the challenges and tools for hacking modern car networks, focusing on CAN (Controller Area Network) bus systems.

Emphasis on using Go language for developing lightweight, efficient tools.

🔍 Key Concepts and Tools:

Concurrency in Go: Highlighted as a critical feature for handling CAN bus traffic efficiently.

SocketCAN Integration: CAN bus data handled through Linux SocketCAN, enabling compatibility with various hardware devices.

ISO-TP Kernel Module: Allows transferring larger data packets (up to 4095 bytes) over CAN by breaking them into smaller frames.

⚙️ Practical Demonstrations:

Presented simple tools like candump and cansend built in Go.

Demonstrated virtual CAN (VCAN) testing without needing physical hardware.

🚨 Challenges Addressed:

Issues with hardware-specific dependencies mitigated by using abstractions like SocketCAN.

Challenges in packing/unpacking CAN frames in Go and integrating with existing C structures.

🚀 Call to Action:

Encourages the community to adopt Go for CAN bus tool development due to its efficiency, cross-platform support, and ease of use.

Suggests further contributions to Go-based libraries for CAN bus.

[gennadilisai]

Raspberry Pi с платой CANBus . Серьезная обработка данных шины CAN а также эмуляция работы многих систем , как бонус возможность проброса данных и работа в SocketCAN и снифинга в программе Wireshark . На очереди эксперименты с 🐍 Python CAN и пробы автоматического кодирования и прошивки Эбу через устройство. #gennadilisai #autoservicemoscow #mercedesmoscow #swapmoscow #canbushack #canbushacking #socketcan #wiresharkcanbus #cantotcpip #canhacker #pythoncan #canutils (at Moscow, Russia) https://www.instagram.com/p/CAAr1M5pwUs/?igshid=10sy7c4v6yanb

[martupdate-blog]

With the new IXXAT CAN-IB 210/XMC and IXXAT CAN-IB 410/PMC, HMS offers two new CAN cards,especially suitable for use in test systems and measurement applications.

New IXXAT®CAN cards for XMC and PMC enable communication between PCs and CAN With the new IXXAT CAN-IB 210/XMC and IXXAT CAN-IB 410/PMC, HMS offers two new CAN cards, especially suitable for use in test systems and measurement applications.

HMS offers a wide range of PC/CAN interfaces for all common PC interface technologies, from plug-in boards to USB, Ethernet and Bluetooth. Two new versions for XMC and PMC are now available within the IXXAT "CAN-IB" plug-in board series, in addition tothe well-established versions for PCI, PCIe, PCIe Mini and PCIe 104.

The new XMC and PMC cards offer up to four CAN high-speed channels and support the CAN low-speed (fault tolerant) standard. Furthermore, the cards can also be extended with up to two LIN interfaces. This flexibility is made possible by a verified and tested concept consisting of piggyback extensions.As an option, all channels are available with galvanic isolation.

Both the XMC and PMC card feature a powerful 32-bit microcontroller system. This enables intelligent handling and active filtering of the messages being sent and received tothe card – a feature that comes in handy particularly in applications with high demands fordata pre-processing.In addition, the CAN-IB cards are characterized by low latency and maximum reliability – both important points for use in test and measurement systems.

All CAN-IB cards are supported by the IXXAT Windows driver packages (VCI) and by the real-time driver packages (ECI for Linux, RTX, Intime, QNX, VxWorks). HMS also offers a SocketCAN driver for use with existing tools under Linux.Higher layer protocol applications are supported by the IXXAT APIs for CANopen and SAE J1939. For analysis of CAN and LIN networks, HMS offers the IXXAT canAnalyser –a Windows-based analysis tool.

HMS Industrial Networks is the leading independent supplier of products for industrial communication including remote management. HMS develops and manufactures solutions for connecting automationdevices and systems to industrialnetworks under the Netbiter, Anybus and IXXAT brands.

Development and manufacturing take place at the headquarters in Halmstad, Sweden and in Ravensburg,Germany. Local sales and support are handled by branch offices in China, Denmark, France, Germany,India, Italy, Japan, UK

[chriscellman]

New PC-interface Features Four Channels for CAN-FD/CAN and LIN Connectivity

CAN-IB 640/PCIe available with powerful onboard microcontroller system which is able to read, timestamp and filter large amounts of data in real-time Network connection is done via two D-Sub 9 connectors which are galvanically isolated to protect the interface card and the connected PC system Comes with extensive driver packages for Windows and Linux including SocketCAN from HVAC /fullstory/new-pc-interface-features-four-channels-for-can-fd-can-and-lin-connectivity-40037210 via http://www.rssmix.com/

[lynleyblake]

New PC-interface Features Four Channels for CAN-FD/CAN and LIN Connectivity

CAN-IB 640/PCIe available with powerful onboard microcontroller system which is able to read, timestamp and filter large amounts of data in real-time Network connection is done via two D-Sub 9 connectors which are galvanically isolated to protect the interface card and the connected PC system Comes with extensive driver packages for Windows and Linux including SocketCAN from Air Conditioning /fullstory/new-pc-interface-features-four-channels-for-can-fd-can-and-lin-connectivity-40037210 via http://www.rssmix.com/

[terabitweb]

Original Post from Talos Security Author:

New 4CAN tool helps identify vulnerabilities in on-board car computers

By Alex DeTrano, Jason Royes, and Matthew Valites.

Executive summary

Modern automobiles contain hundreds of sensors and mechanics that communicate via computers to understand their surrounding environment. Those components provide real-time information to drivers, connect the vehicle to a global network, and in some cases use that telemetry to automatically drive the vehicle. Like any computer, those in vehicles are susceptible to threats, such as vulnerabilities in software, abuse via physical-access, or even allowing remote control of the vehicle, as recently demonstrated by Wired and a DARPA-funded team of researchers.

Allied Market Research estimates the global connected car market to exceed $225 billion by 2025. To help secure this emerging technology, Cisco has dedicated resources for automobile security. The Customer Experience Assessment & Penetration Team (CX APT) represents the integration of experts from the NDS, Neohapsis, and Portcullis acquisitions. This team provides a variety of security assessment and attack simulation services to customers around the globe (more info here). CX APT specializes in identifying vulnerabilities in connected vehicle components.

During a recent engagement, the Connected Vehicle Security practice identified a gap in tooling for automobile security assessments. With ease-of-use, modern car computing requirements, and affordability as motivating factors, the Connected Vehicle Security practice has built and is open-sourcing a hardware tool called “4CAN” with accompanying software, for the benefit of all automobile security researchers. We hope 4CAN will give researchers and car manufacturers the ability to test their on-board computers for potential vulnerabilities, making the vehicles safer and more secure for drivers before they even leave the lot.

What does a car’s network look like?

Before jumping into the 4CAN hardware module itself, let’s start with some automobile basics. For a modern vehicle to operate effectively, its network of hundreds of sensors and computers must communicate with each other. While vehicles and components employ Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular communication protocols, the backbone of a vehicle’s network is a Controller Area Network (CAN), also referred to as the “CAN bus.”

Access to the CAN bus from a physical perspective is typically via an ODB2 connector, often located on the driver-side lower dash, though it can sometimes also be accessed by removing side mirrors or external lights. Compromising the CAN bus can lead to total control of the vehicle, making it a prime target for pen testers and malicious attackers. Often, attacks against peripheral components such as Wi-Fi or LTE are ultimately an attempt to gain access to the CAN bus.

CAN Bus background

A typical vehicle’s CAN bus is shown below. In a secure configuration, the critical components such as airbags and brakes communicate on separate CAN buses from the non-critical components, such as the radio or interior lights. Pen testers and attackers with access to the CAN bus test for this separation of services looking for insecurely configured vehicles.

The CAN bus is a two-wire multi-master serial bus. Each device connected to the CAN bus is called a “node” or Electronic Control Unit (ECU). When a device sends out a message, or CAN frame, that message is broadcast to the CAN bus and received by every node. When two nodes broadcast a CAN frame at the same time, the arbitration ID, a type of unique node identifier on every CAN frame, determines message priority. The CAN frame with the lower arbitration ID takes priority over the higher arbitration ID.

Electrically, the CAN bus uses differential signaling as a means to reduce noise and interference. There is CAN-HI and a CAN-LO signal, and the two signals are inverse from each other. The bus also has a 120 ohm characteristic bus impedance. When performing a CAN-in-the-middle, the bus must be terminated with a 120 ohm resistor. The image shown below is from Wikipedia, which has an excellent overview of the CAN bus if you’re interested in more detailed information.

Single CAN bus with multiple nodes

The simplest implementation of an automobile’s network uses a single CAN bus. An example with 3 nodes is shown below. All connected nodes will see every CAN message published to the CAN bus. There is no ability to separate critical from non-critical nodes.

Multiple CAN buses with a gateway

A typical vehicle setup has multiple CAN buses combined with a gateway to arbitrate access between the CAN buses. This gateway acts as a firewall and can check CAN IDs to determine if the message should be allowed to traverse CAN buses. In this way, critical ECUs can be isolated from non-critical ECUs.

The vehicles that we have been testing have 4 CAN buses inside, all of which are connected to the gateway. The architecture looks something like this:

The security of each ECU on the bus is partly dependent on the gateway’s ability to segregate traffic. Testing the gateway involves sending and looking for messages allowed to traverse disparate CAN buses. On four-bus systems, this test requires pen testers can access the four buses simultaneously.

Existing solutions

Several devices exist that allow testing of the CAN bus. Most of the devices use the MCP2515 CAN controller, which provides a serial peripheral interface (SPI) to connect with a microcontroller, and a MCP2551 CAN Transceiver or NXP TJA1050 CAN Transceiver, which generates and receives the electrical signals on the physical CAN bus. This table describes some of the CAN hacking solutions currently available on the market.

Each device has its pros and cons, but none completely met our needs of being easy to use, allowing access four buses, and doing so at an affordable price point. Here’s how the currently available devices align with our needs.

In the absence of a compatible device we set out to solve this problem, doing so with the following technical motivators:

Raspberry Pi compatible

Easily enable or disable 120 ohm bus terminating resistors

Natively supported by SocketCAN for easy Linux integration

Inexpensive

Our Solution

We call the solution “4CAN,” and designed it with the following goals in mind:

Validating communication policy for intra-CAN bus communication.

Fuzzing (sending randomized payloads) to components to identify vulnerabilities.

Exploring the CAN commands used to control/interact with the vehicle.

Simplify our testbench setup to keep everything organized and in sync.

Design

George Tarnovsky, a member of CX APT, is the originator or the 4CAN’s design. The Raspberry Pi contains five hardware SPI channels so we decided to use the MCP2515 CAN Controller since it could interface with the Pi via SPI. We added a four-port DIP switch instead of physical jumpers or a solder bridge to easily enable the 120 ohm bus terminating resistors. The MCP2551 CAN transceiver was used as the CAN transceiver.

The high-level design is described in the below schematic.

PCB layout

To be as compatible as possible, we aimed to conform to the Raspberry Pi HAT specification as closely as possible. The HAT spec limits the hardware dimensions, requiring us to use creative solutions to pack all the components on the board. Since we did not include an EEPROM and did not leave a cutout for the camera connector, the module is not HAT compliant per spec. These were conscious design decisions, since we will not be using a camera add-on and do not make use of the EEPROM.

All components are surface mounted, using the smallest component sizes we could find to minimize space on the board. The only exception to using the smallest components is the USB-UART connection. Instead of adding all the components ourselves, we went with a premade board containing all the circuitry. This board sits on top of the 4CAN. A resistor pack further reduces part-count and has a smaller footprint than four individual resistors. Rather than drive all four CAN controllers with individual crystal oscillators, we opted to use just one. This can introduce clock skew, because each component receives the clock in serial, rather than in parallel at the same time. To limit the effect of clock skew, we kept the clock lines as short as possible. In order to keep costs down, we used a 2-layer PCB design. While this limits routing options, the cost is significantly cheaper than a board with more layers. We also added the standard 40-pin GPIO header, so that the remaining GPIO can be used.

The final layout is shown below.

Before and after

Before

In order to test four CAN buses simultaneously, we required three CAN devices. Two TT3201 three-channel CAN Capes attached to Beaglebones, and one CanBerryDual attached to a Raspberry Pi. We also have another Raspberry Pi to remotely control the test vehicle. With this configuration, we can test sending CAN frames between any two combinations of CAN channels. Although this setup works, it is a bit unwieldy, requiring lots of wires making connection tracking and test aggregation difficult.

After

Using 4CAN, the test bench setup is vastly simplified. With a single Raspberry Pi, we can simultaneously test four CAN channels, and since the 4CAN exposes the entire 40-pin GPIO header, we can remotely control the test vehicle.

The simplicity of using 4CAN is easily observable on the physical test bench.

Before 4CAN:

Using 4CAN:

Usage

For the 4CAN to communicate with the Raspberry Pi, the Pi must be configured with four SPI channels enabled and tied to specific GPIO pins. Additionally the Pi’s linux kernel requires additional drivers such as SocketCAN, which implements the CAN device drivers as network interfaces. From a user-space perspective, can-utils loads the SocketCAN drivers and provides capabilities to sniff CAN traffic, send CAN messages, replay captured CAN traffic, implement a CAN gateway to facilitate CAN-in-the-middle, and more.

CAN-in-the-Middle

To determine whether an ECU is sending or receiving a message or to modify CAN traffic in-flight, the 4CAN can be inserted between the CAN bus and an ECU to capture or possibly modify the traffic, to perform a CAN-in-the-Middle (CITM) attack. The required bridging can be enabled by combining can-util’s ‘cangw’ command and a script we have provided.

Sniffing Inter-CAN communication

The 4CAN allows us to test inter-CAN communication by sending a CAN message with a known payload on one CAN bus, and seeing if that same message appears on a different CAN bus. Doing so allows us to learn whether and how the CAN gateway is filtering or modifying messages. In some instances we have observed the CAN ID change for the same message across different buses. We provide a script to facilitate this “transcan” testing.

Tool Release

The 4CAN is available on GitHub here.

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Go to Source Author: Original Post from Talos Security Author: New 4CAN tool helps identify vulnerabilities in on-board car computers…

[pinkrunawayrebel-blog1]

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Unlocking High-Speed CAN FD Development with the PiCAN FD Board for Raspberry Pi

Develop high-speed CAN FD applications with the PiCAN FD Board for Raspberry Pi. This powerful HAT supports SocketCAN, Python programming, and includes the PCF8523 Real-Time Clock—ideal for automotive and industrial projects.

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Raspberry Pi PiCAN FD HAT with LIN Bus Interface

This PiCAN FD board includes a LIN Bus interface, and the Microchip MCP2518FD IC offers classic CAN and CAN FD capabilities, while a dsPIC33 microcontroller facilitates the LIN Bus connection. Communication with the Pi occurs via UART on ttyS0 using ASCII text commands. A sample LIN-bus GUI application, developed in Python3 with tkinter, is available. The firmware can be updated through the Microchip UnifiedHost Java app, which requires the Raspberry Pi to operate in GUI mode. Installation of the SocketCAN driver is straightforward. Programming support is available in C or Python.

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CAN Bus FD Duo Board with Real Time Clock for Raspberry Pi Supports SocketCAN

This PiCAN FD Duo board provides two-channel CAN-Bus FD capability for the Raspberry Pi. It uses the Microchip MCP2517FD CAN controller with MCP2562FD CAN transceiver. Connection are made via 4-way screw terminal. A real-time clock with battery back up (battery not included) is also on the board.

The advanced CAN FD bitrate extends the length of the data section to up to 64 bytes per frame and a data rate of up to 8 Mbps.

https://copperhilltech.com/pican-fd-can-bus-fd-duo-board-with-real-time-clock-for-raspberry-pi/

[gennadilisai]

Снова боремся с CAN шиной. Подсматриваем за AVDI при чтении eeprom . Для создания эмулятора автоматически прописывающего свои данные в эбу :) #gennadilisai #autoservicemoscow #autoservice_moscow #mercedesmiscow #mercedes_moscow #canbus #canhack #canhacker #canemu #socketcan #stm32 #stm8 #pic18f25k80 #геннадийлисай #автосервисмосква #автосервис_москва #мерседесмосква #лучшийавтосервисвмоскве #кан #каншина #канэмулятор #автоэлектрикмосква #решениенеординарныхзадачь (at Ближние Прудищи) https://www.instagram.com/p/BtGr2sHl8jY/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=dfkintuxovrg

[gennadilisai]

Работаем с данными CAN шины под Linux. Как это все надоедает :( Своей нудностью и однообразием :( #gennadilissi #autoservicemoscow #carhacking #autoservice_moscow #canbus #socketcan #canutils #linuxcan #canhack #геннадийлисай #автосервисмосква #автосервис_москва #лучшийавтосервисвмоскве #ломаемкан #каншина #канснифер #линукс (at Ближние Прудищи) https://www.instagram.com/p/BrGBA6aFAhB/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=38pjvu1kv10h

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PICAN CAN Bus HAT For Raspberry Pi - Selection Guide

The PICAN series of boards provides Controller Area Network (CAN) Bus capabilities for the Raspberry Pi. It comes with an easy-to-install SocketCAN driver, programming can be accomplished in C or Python, and we provide many programming samples and further references.

PICAN CAN Bus HAT For Raspberry Pi - Selection Guide (copperhilltech.com)

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PICAN CAN Bus HAT For Raspberry Pi - Selection Guide

The PICAN series of boards provides Controller Area Network (CAN) Bus capabilities for the Raspberry Pi. It comes with an easy-to-install SocketCAN driver, programming can be accomplished in C or Python, and we provide many programming samples and further references.

https://copperhilltech.com/pican-can-bus-hat-for-raspberry-pi-selection-guide/

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PiCAN3 CAN Bus Board for Raspberry Pi 4 with 3A Power Supply And RTC

The PiCAN3 board with SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) provides CAN-Bus capabilities for the Raspberry Pi 4. It uses the Microchip MCP2515 CAN controller with MCP2551 CAN transceiver. Connection are made via DB9 or the onboard 3 way screw terminal.

The Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) allows connecting an input voltage range of 6 VDC to 20 VDC suitable for industrial and automotive applications and environments. The SMPS will power the Raspberry Pi plus PICAN3. There is an easy-to-install SocketCAN driver, and programming can be accomplished in C or Python.

https://copperhilltech.com/pican3-can-bus-board-for-raspberry-pi-4-with-3a-smps-and-rtc/