#Stuart Gunter

[justforbooks]

In the mid-1990s the historian James Sharpe, who has died aged 77, wrote Instruments of Darkness, a book on witch-hunting in England that reopened a field of research that had been in the doldrums for a generation after the Welsh historian Keith Thomas’s brilliant Religion and the Decline of Magic (1971). Published in 1996, Jim’s book helped to make the study of British witchcraft what it is today: one of the most lively areas of historical writing.

Earlier historians had argued that whereas witch-hunting on the European continent was fantastical, dominated by beliefs about the devil, English witch-hunting was comparatively rational and down-to-earth, centred on beliefs about the practical harm that witches caused to people and animals. Jim showed that this was nonsense, and that English witch-hunting was also powered by fear of the devil and followed much the same pattern as many other European countries.

An archival hound, Jim surveyed every possible paper-trail in the course of his research, uncovering valuable sources for those who have come after him, including via his copious footnotes and bibliographies. In addition, he went to many conferences on the continent and made it his business to meet the leading scholars of crime and witchcraft, always developing the European dimension of his work.

He loved the detail – he was fascinated, for instance, by the phenomenon of familiars in English witchcraft, creatures who suckled on witches and carried out their bidding, one of the few features that do indeed set English witch-beliefs apart from the continent. He noted them all: Bid the ferret, a lamb, another creature that was carefully kept in a basket with wool, and a white-spotted cat ominously named Sathan.

Perhaps his most appealing book is his history of Anne Gunter, published in 2000, about a 17th-century girl who claimed to be possessed but was unmasked as a fraud. It is a classic of its kind, a marvellous micro-study that reveals the inner world of an unhappy individual who found herself used for other people’s agendas and who, Jim argued, just wanted love and attention. The book, Bewitching of Anne Gunter, explores the mindsets of the doctors, ministers of religion and even the monarch himself, James I, who did not believe Anne’s stories.

As Jim was well aware, at another level it is also a story about fathers – and patriarchal figures of all kinds – who fail their children. It is a gripping read, with lots of humour, and along the way speculates on the origins of football. In the style of a 17th-century broadside Jim gave the book the wonderful sub-title, A Horrible and True Story of Deception, Witchcraft, Murder and the King of England – wording that led the Bavarian State Library in Munich to refuse twice to buy it, on the grounds that it simply could not be an academic book.

Jim followed up with Dick Turpin: the Myth of the English Highwayman (2004), another fantastic read, and then A Fiery and Furious People: a History of Violence in England (2016), which upturned the idea of the peaceable phlegmatic English character.

This was a return to earlier preoccupations, for Jim started out as a historian of crime. From 1983 on he wrote a series of path-breaking books on the history of crime in the British Isles in the 16th and 17th centuries, inspiring others to follow in his wake.

In a field dominated by Tudor and Stuart monarchs and their courts, Jim brought ordinary people into history, in all their variety, by showing just what could be done with court records of crime. These rich sources have revolutionised how we write history because they take us as close as we can to the voices of the lower classes in the past, and Jim was one of the first to realise this.

Jim was born in Lewisham, south-east London, to James, a labourer, and Margaret, a cleaner. At Colfe’s school, in Blackheath, he won a place at Oxford University, where he did a history degree and then a doctorate under Thomas’s supervision. He spent all his career, from 1973, as a history lecturer at the University of York, where he was a marvellous and generous teacher and rose to be professor before retirement in 2016.

York became the go-to place for social history, with the three Jims, Jim Walvin, Jim McMillan and Jim Sharpe, all doing exciting new work on slavery, women’s history and crime respectively. He adored teaching and had a wonderful line in dry humour; his students all knew how proud he was of them.

He is survived by his wife, Krista (nee Cowman), whom he married in 1993, and their children, Guy and Freddie.

🔔 James Anthony Sharpe, historian, born 9 October 1946; died 13 February 2024

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[driftwork]

names, most surnames (2)

Allow me to apologize again for this partial list of names in the library,  titles available on request…

amis, acker kathy, ackroyd peter, abbey edward, aldiss brian, alcott louisa, m. anonymous, aldiss brian editor, ackroyd peter, allende isabel, acker kathy, adair gilbert, adams richard, asimov isaac, alcott louisa m., austen jane, azhayev vasili, asimov isaac, austen jane, ableman paul, amis martin, atwood marga,ret adams richard, abish walter, burroughs edgar rice, benn melissa, butler samuel, blyton enid, beckett samuel, beckett samuel, blyton enid, billington rachel, burnford. sheila, burroughs edgar r,ice bentley phyllis, burney francis, burroughs edgar rice, burroughs edgar rice, compton-burnett ivy, bryant arthur, burchard johann, bryant arthur, brame charlotte, bryant arthur, boll heinrich, buckeridge ant,hony boston l.m., buchan john, brightwen mrs illustrated by f carruthers gold, bronte charlotte, bradbury ray, banks lynne reid, barr pat, betto fre,i baxter stephen, banks iain, bronte charlotte, bryant arthur, banks iain m illustrated by nick day, bradbury malcolm, bell adrian, ballantyne r,.m. balzac honore de, benson e.f, barth richard, barrie j.m, bainbridge beryl, bronte emily, ballard j.g, bronte charl,otte borden mary, black lionel , bellow saul, introduced b,y j. michael walton wilde oscar, salgado gamini, ready stuart, besier rudolf, salgado gamini, euripides, euripides, williams t,ennessee sophocles, ionesco. eugene, ibsen henrick, marillier chri,stabel jonson ben, bennett alan, ionesco eugene, brenton. howard, stoppard tom, pinter harold, aristophanes, arnold mathew, daisenberger j.a., stoppard tom, eliot t.s., creeley rob,ert chaucer geoffrey - edited by walter w. skeat, cronin a. j., carr j. l., cooper edmu,nd colette, chevalier tracy, cosse laurence, christopher joh,n chatwin bruce, collingwood h, cather willa, cattieuchlan, crane stephen, calvino italo, collier eric, cela camilo c,ela crichton micheal, carpino f. brancaccio di, comrie margaret s., chabon michael, crofts freeman wills, carre john le, crace jim, michael co,x and r. a. gilbert cheever john, cardetti raphael, coolidge clark, chevallier gabr,ial coxe harmon george, cronin a. j., cheyney peter, conway hugh, cullum ridgwell, christian catherine, crace jim, crace jim, dickens charles, dickens charles, dunn nell, defoe dani,el bernheim emmanuele, doctorow e.l., chesterton g. k., donleavy j.p., bronte charlotte, duggan alfred, delany samuel r. - petaja emil, durrell gerald, dallek robert, dickens charles, dickens charles, dalby richard ed,. dickens charles, chang jung, delacorta, dickens ch,arles dickens charles, conan-doyle arthur, du maurier daphne, dostoyevsky f.m, durrant valentine, durrant valentine, donoso jose, delillo don, delillo don, defoe daniel, defoe daniel, duke neville, colette, camus albert, cheever john, egan frank, eastwood helen, england barry, duke of windsor, eden emily, egan greg, edwardson ake, franken rose, fowles john, frzer douglas, fielding henry, frankau gilbert, featherstone don,ald fyson j.g., fitzgerald f. scott, fyfield francis, fletcher h.l.v., ford madox ford, fuentes carlos, fuentes carlos, fossum karin, fielding henry, fielding henry, fox gardner f., forester c.s., flaubert gustave, forsyth frederick, fitchett w.h., faulkner willi,am gallico paul, garfeld leon, galsworthy john, gaskin catherine, goldring douglas, greene graham, fletcher j. s., goldsmith olive,r grey zane, faulkner william, grisham john, greene graham, green f.l., delany samuel r, fenn george manville, gide andre, grimwood jon courtenay , gordimer nadine, grisham john, greene graham, greene graham, grass gunter, galsworthy john, gray malcolm, gou xiaolu, goldsmith oliver, greene graham, harsch rick, hill weldon, hall radclyffe, hibbert christopher, hanley james, hemingway ernest, hardy thomas, horvath odon von, conan-doyle arthu,r scott-giles c.w., kollings ken, herbert a.p., houellebecq m,ichel hawes james, holt anne, hopkins r. thurston, huxley aldous, hawkins paula, holwell william, indridason arnaldur, inoue yasushi, ishiguro kazuo, houellebecq michel, hesse hermann, hemingway erne,st hamilton peter f., howard cecil, hyland ann, jewett sara,h orne - with a preface by willa cather joinville & villehardouin, jelinek elfriede, james m. r., jonke gert, moyle j.b.  (translator) - justinian, johns capt. w.e., jerome jerome k, jenkins elizabet,h jenkins elizabeth, james m. r., kipling rudyard, kipling rudyard, kipling rudyard, kipling rudyard, kerr j. lennox, kipling rudyard, kilvert rev francis, kipling rudyard, kipling rudyard, kent nora, kipling rudyard, king stephen, kipling rudyard, kipling rudyard, kipling rudyard, khadra yasmina, khadra yasmina, kipling rudyard, kipling rudyard, lovell ann, koontz dean, lucas-philli,ps c.e. kafka franz, leyner marx, linklater eric, kipling rudyard, kipling rudyard, kennard mrs. edward, kipling rudyard, kipling rudyard, kipling rudyard, kipling rudyard, kipling rudyard, leskov nikolai, leyner mark, lewis norman, carre john le, lee laurie, kilver francis - edited william plover, leyner mark, laver james, lear edward, lever charles, laing e.t., carre john le, longmate norma,n lane jane, lewycka marina, baker margaret, llwelyn davis w,eeks forestier-walker and bor wenstrom o. edmund and harlock walter e., rensschler eric, st. claire byrne muriel, day mabel  (edited by), linklater eric, linklater eric, linklater eric, martel yann, lewis c. s., lee laurie, longford elizabeth, lewis c. s., mason a.e.w, maupassant guy de, maclean alistair, masters john, reich-ranicki marcel, melwood mary, mathews basil, mackenzie fait,h compton maxwell  w. b., macleod m kathleen, mcwilliam candia, mee arthur, marquez gabriel garcia mendoza plinio apuleyo, maurois andre, maclean alistair, mankowitz wolf, masefield john, marryat captain, macnamara brinsley, morris william, murdoch iris, mandelstam. osip, morris william, murdoch iris, mustoe anne, morris william, morris william, bradbury ray, gifford barry, miller henry, maturin charles, millet lydia, mitchison naomi, michener james, mcewan ian, miln lousie, jordan mitford mary russell, menglong feng, munthe. alex, moran lord, nicholl charles, new yorker the editors, oppenheim e.phillips, o'neill jamie, oppenheim e.phillips, nin anais, nairne a, hughes-pa,rry j. powell anthony, ponsonby d.a., price anthony, pangborn edgar, pollard velma, priestley j.b, barry n. malzberg & bill pronzini, powell anthony, nabokov vladimir, porter sheena, peacock thomas love, pratchett terry ian ,stewart and jack cohen powell anthony, percy w. s., needham violet, raymond diana, russo richard, rice margery spring, rabelais, reed thom,as baines russ joanna, remarque erich maria, pearson hesketh, rezzori gregor v,on rolfe fr- frederick baron corvo, sayers dorothy l. sayers  (translator), renault mary, raphael frede,ric phillips adam, robertson e.arnot, pavic milorad, robinson heath, rendell ruth, read miss, robinson heath, rice elmer, rackham arthur, rutley c. bernard, renault mary, steinbeck joh,n smith alexander mccall, spyris johanna, sabatini rafael, spalding francis, stables gordon, camus albert, sinclair upton, stowe harriet b,eecher shem samuel, sienkiewicz henryk, swift jonathan, samuel maurice, scott sir walter, scott paul, stowe harriet beecher, scott sir walter, skinner john, sterne laurence, sewell anna, stevenson d.,e. sitwell edith, strang herbert, surtees r. s., sidney sir phi,llip stout william, sigurdardottir yrsa, solzhenitsyn alexander, scott sir walter, stephenson neil, self will, styron william, scott sir walte,r scott sir walter, scott sir walter, slavicsek bill, sebold alice, smith f seymour, slaughter frank, seth vkram, trollope jo,anna henry fielding, trevelyan g. m., thelwell normal, trevor elleston, thompson flora, thompson flora, tey josephine, tyler j.e.a., tutton diana, tuchman barbara, tolkien j.r.r, duke of windso,r wheatley dennis, wilkinson gerald, wells h.g, rawnsley c,.f. and wright robert white patrick, winchester simon, waugh evelyn, wodehouse p.g,. walsh j. m., welles orson, wood mrs henry, wren p.c, waugh auberon, white. t. h., white t. h., westo kjell, webster jason, wain john, quin b. g., westall rob,ert white t.h, wodehouse p.g, wodehouse p.g, westerfield sc,ott wodehouse p.g, zweig stefan, wodehouse p.g, urquhart r.e., wyndham john, wodehouse p.g, wodehouse p.g, waugh evelyn, wallace edgar, vine barbara, white patrick, virgil, vesaas tarjei, varesi valerio, vine barbara, updike john, young francis brett, vaizey george, wilde oscar, verne jules, wheatley dennis, updike john, markham mrs, vine barbara, vine barbara, kilvert rev francis, kilvert rev francis, new towns act 1946 -, leyser henrietta, perry anderson malcolm bull jan breman rob lucas david simpson rachel malik alexander zevin marco d'eramo, shaw george bernard, shaw george bernard, shakespeare william, shaw george bernard, shakespeare william, shaw george bernard, shaw bernard, shakespeare william, shaw bernard, shakespeare w,illiam shaw george bernard, shaw bernard, shaw george bernard, shaw george bernard, shaw bernard, sturgess keith (edited), euripides, matsumoto ,seicho lewis naomi, lang andrew, goethe, aristop,hanes pevsner nicholas, alvarez a., de la mare walter, larkin phillip, townsend sue, kyd thomas, euripides, lawrence d,. h. anderson w.e.k., marvell andrew, allan c.f., de la mare ,walter illustrated by edward ardizzone mitchell tony, plath sylvia, hobbs jack and hobbs margaret, spender stephen, whittier john greenleaf, millay edna st. vincent, bridges robert, steakley james , arkell reginald, thompson francis, arkell reginald, townsend sue, stamp l. dudley, keats john, farmer john s. , gollancz sir isr,ael and  day mabel and serjeantson mary s hood thomas, milton john, walsh michae,l (editor) barkow al, british sociological association, burgess tyrrell, bentley michael, braudel fernand, de botton alain, ardrey robert, barrow r. h., bennett joan, aylward j. d., albert marvin h., alford violet, ali ayaan hirsi, cookson mrs. nesfield, cecil david, cudlipp hugh, conway gregory j., ccta, beard patten, clarke mike, deighton k, doyle clare, cottrell leonard, the ecologist, ellis chri, furmston m.p. and simpson a.w.b, elton lord, arellano ro,bert williams reese, brandys kazimierz, rich adrienne, lee laurie, khorsandi shappi, midgley mary, blackburn robin , butler samuel, butler samuel, burroughs william s, brooke nichlas, d.s.pugh d.j.hi,ckman c.r.hinings moliere, hamilton ronald, hill christopher, hackforth-jones g,ilbert hartley john, hervey h.e., kynaston david, herrmann paul, gregory otto, clay a.j. mackenzie, gombrick e.h. and kris k, kingsmill hugh, lloyd christopher, jarvns matt, labour party research department, jacob e. f., krake ken, longmate norman, golding louis, jackson major ,donovan james philip, lethbridge t. c., liechti elaine, ladurie emmanue,l le roy morris desmond, malina f.j, p.m., mundy, john h. carroll noel , middleton john , perniola mario, maxton james, paz octavio, menzies gavin, plaskitt harold and jrdan percy, woodward c. vann, rowntree b.seebohm and lavers g.r., weill herman n., wellman paul i, victor weybrigh,t and henry blackman sell scruton roger, smith j.c., taylor g. rattray, the times, thompson james westfall, taylor arthur, kulke hermann and rothermund dietmar, thomas mary, diamond jared, bacigalupi paolo, johnston william r., woods william, woodward sir llewellyn, shaw josephine, williams christopher, sidebotham helen m., williamson james a., tuchman barbara, smith wm. dr. (on the plan of), tafuri manfredo, bussi michel, rose richard , rawlinson george, rayner robert m., tisserand robert, ibsen henrick, ackroyd peter, powys t. f., sansom william, byatt a.s., bertrand a. and guillaumin a., bryant arthur, palgrave francis t., trewin j.c, morton a. l., mathews hazel, c. johnson a. h., gregory e. w., brogan d.w, tuchman bar,bara howard elizabeth jane, howard elizabeth jane, kerr philip , burton mauric,e borman tracy, kumar manjit, bryant arthur, moers ellen, simpson jacqueline, longmate norman, leasor james, piggott derek, lewycka marina, duncan f. martin and duncan  l.t., armstrong karen, rankin nicholas, catton eleanor, harrison harry and stover leon e., prose francine, jacob naomi, lovell terry, webb marion st.john, sheppard elizabeth sara, dickinson g. lowes, king laurie r, hawthorne james, levy yank, ley wilfre,d rooke kelman janet harvey and rev theodore wood, agar winifred and others, blom eric, house rich,ard field robert, van loon hendrick, hayward gallery, eitlinger l.d. a,nd holloway r.g. fougasse and mccullough, davison philip, turnbull agnes sligh, harrison sidney, ashley maurice, oakeshott w. ewart, steingarten jeffrey, linna vaino, brecht bertholt, benni stefano, winbolt s. e., plumb j. h., bryson bill, prebble john, knight margeret, quarrie bruce, spry constance, squires patricia, smith ali, hadley tes,sa eng tan twan, virno paolo, wilson sloan, campbell alan, cumming charles, pedly robin, clegg alec and megson barbara, holt john, laurie peter, motley john lothrop, beumarchais repertoire general du theatre francais, de la mare walter. mackenzie compton. farjeon  elea,nor lord dunsany  blackwood  algernon etc... betz, bjork samuel, campbell alan, archer thomas ,and amelia hutchinson stirling dollimore jonathan and sinfield alan, deegan denise, holdsworth r.v., durband alan, douglas lloyd c., ash william, dyer gillian and baehr helen, lindop audrey erskine, percival maciver, bellamy h.s., robbe-grillet alain, frith henry, barnett richard, bumpus t. francis, bartholomews, harrow school, martin george, hayward gallery, ducros louis, defrates joan,na ali tariq, lowry malcom (edited by harver briet and margerie bonner lowry), colour, robinso,n francis benton dr micheal j., rankin robert, leonard. jonathan norton, edey maitland a., trippet frank, norton-taylor  duncan, hamblin dora jane, edey maitland a., hicks jim, knauth. percy, dancona p and aeschlimann e, urwin e.c., joyce graham, leslie doris, oakeshott w. ewart, department of scial, and administrative studies oxford university grossman vasily, sinclair andrew, quennell marjorie and c.h.b, smith alexander mccall, crispen edmund, kipling rudyard, oscar wilde mervyn peake, proust marcel illustrated, by phillipe julian proust marcel, chesterton g. k., kipling rudyard, ardrey robert, pakenham elizabeth, bradford ernle, kohn george childs, mcmahon katherine, introduced by j. michael walton, allegro j.m., leakey richard e. lewin roger, sobel dava, lancaster john, ferguson neil, westlake mike, proust marcel ,illustrated by phillipe julian euripides, corvo frederick baron, ambler eric (editor), peacock thomas love, hamilton edward, schiller eric, rabelais, barnes ju,lian manchetter jean-patrick, indridason arnaldur, macculloch j.a., holwe w.v. and p,ountney m.t. burnell r.d., symons julian, kipling rudyard and balestier wolcott, farmer bernard j., macaulay rose, fisher h.a.l., winston richard, eliot george, cairncross alec, disraeli benjamin, litvinoff emanuel, cotterell arthur , peynet raymond, mitchison naomi , trevelyan g. m., ibsen henrick, euripides, thayer george, white patrick, froissart, muir anne ross, acton lord, fisher h.a.l., innes arthur d,. innes hammond, acton lord, trevelyan g. m., stein gertrude, minister of health and the secretary of state for scotland, royal commission on local government in england, committee on the management of local government, committee on the management of local government, committee on the management of local government, soros george, ullman james ramsey, girls own paper, girls own paper, fowles john and horvat frank, moore gerald, whyte william, h. taylor a. j.p., whitelock dorothy, zdenek marilee, valentine c. w., walker kenneth, thompson e. p., ward barbara and dubos rene, wedgewood c.v., robertson alec and stevens denis, ackroyd peter, aira cesar, aira cesar, skinner paul , johnson samuel, drinkwater john, wilson daniel h, stross charles, ackroyd peter, hoeg peter, aylett stev,e oman carola, jelinek elfriede, rohan zina, roberts ada,m vandermeer jeff, vandermeer jeff, vandermeer jeff, miske karim, russell sarah, naipal v.s., carrington neil. brodies notes, freeman anthony, corvo frederick baron, aylett steve, lovegrove james, baudouin charles, green miranda, gilliland alan, gll anton, hendy phil,lip kunstler junger, toulouse-lautrec henri (t.w. earp and g.w. stonier (translated into english by).), jefferson alan, richardson joy, lyons lewis, mathews john and mathews caitlin, pratchett terry, pratchett terry ,and baxter stephen robbe-grillet alain, west paul, pratchett terry and briggs stephen, mccaffery juliet, robert marcel and parmeggiani luigi - ilo-, storr vernon f., pratchett terry, mann philip, morris mary and o'conner larry , pratchett terry and baxter stephen, mcphee john, kightly char,les reeves compton, picard gilbert charles(editor), strong roy, clifton-tay,lor alex rupp gordon, tullii marci, goldsmith oliver, pinnow hermann, millington mal, atwood margaret, dickens charles, sterne laurence, everyman, caeser caius julius, wells h.g, kempis tho,mas a wynne pamela, pepys samuel, sterne laurence, scott sir walter, balzac honore de, jones edmund d., du maurier daphne, hutchinson lucy, weyman stanley j., browning robert, shakespeare william, chesterton cecil, stevenson r.l, trollope anthony, conan-doyle arthur, osborne charles, bresson robert, chalres pictet de geneva, lambourne nigel and renoir, parker steve, thomas graham  stuart, watkin david, hill ian, hlasko ma,rek lee harper, kureishi hanif, boyle t. coraghessan, gombrowicz witold, gombrowicz witold, gombrowicz witold, gombrowicz witold, gombrowicz witold, gombrowicz witold, gombrowicz witold, montergueil g., liu ken, robbe-grillet alain, banks iain, hobb robin, murphy derv,la gooch steve, dallek robert, giordano mario, tourtellot arth,ur bernon mcewan ian, orton joe, stoppard tom, stoppard tom, dorfman ariel, clifforfd leech, gerlech lynne, mishima. yukio, kurkov andrey, sante luc, robbe-grillet alain, heinlein robert, shute nevil, benacquista tonino, carofiglio gianrico, powers richard, steer john, johnson b.s., edgeworth maria, lowry malcolm, lowry malcolm, willis roy , le queux william, committee on the ,management of local government delillo don, perry sarah, expenditure committee (trade and industry sub-committee), pratchett terry, jencks charles, ewing julia horatia, vandermeer jeff, carpentier alejo, acker kathy, sudjic deyan, lindsey martin, reitz deneys, tolkien j.r.r, tolkien j.r.r, tolkien j.r.r, tolkien j.r.r, tolkien j.r.r, tolkien j.r.r, eggers dave, yurick sol, emecheta buchi, bryson bill, bryson bill, smollet tobi,as kapitanial thomas, wodehouse p.g, wodehouse p.g, wodehouse p.g, wodehouse p.g, wodehouse p.g, wodehouse p.g, wodehouse p.g, wodehouse p.g, stengers isabelle, browning. robert, walbank f. alan (,ed1ted and arranged by) roberts adam, kipling rudyard, ruskin john,

ellis john, hinton michael, chamoiseau patrick, martinez guillermo, willis connie, nemirovsky irene, rhys jean, joyce james, delillo don, mantel hilary, parker k. j., parker k. j., parker k. j., wilhelm richard, topol jachym, perez-reverte arturo, mcevoy j.p. and zarat,e oscar atwood margaret, sloterdijk peter, unit for research on the urban environment, perry steve, anderson kevin j, zahn timothy, hambly barbara, massey d, tucker paul hayes, anderson kevin j., smith p. robert, semprun jorge, crace jim, reynolds ingrid and nicholson charles, reynolds ingrid and nicholson charles bell ann, carre john le, grossman lev, tallis frank, hornby nick, tallis frank, newberry linda, coelho paulo, bryson bill, harris joann,e bond terance james, hopkins gerard manley, haviaras stratis, hoban russell, benson peter, pears iain, gray robert, wiggins todd, price richard, perez-reverte arturo, hoeg peter, flaubert gu,stave ivan illich irving k zola john mcknight, runyon damon, frei max, chaponnie,re paul fischer tibor, reynolds alastair, asher neal, vallois g. ,n. morton h.v., kalweit holger, gibbons stanley, brookmyre christ,opher holt anne, hemingway ernest, surtees r. s., reeves-stevens, judith and garfield kipling rudyard, gane chriss and sarson trish, hodgson joan, saadawi ahmed, barnes julian, hadley tessa, pratchett terry and baxter stephen, hijuelos oscar, johnson kenneth and lsbeth marguerite, phillips jayne anne, aylett steve, kube-mcdowell, michael p. tyers kathy, daley brian, wolverton dave, allen roger mac,bride mcintyre vonda, anderson kevin j, smith l. neil, zahn timothy, zahn timothy, zahn timothy, hamilton peter f., wells h.g, waugh evelyn, hughes roberts, earnshaw brian, confucius alfre,dd doeblin bates h.e, leuchenburg william e., gibson william, gibson william, twining william and miers david, terence morris and angus stewart, tolkien j.r.r, stewart. mary, corvo frederick baron, aldiss brian editor, perez-reverte arturo, king ronald, harris sam, harris sam, harris sam and hawaz maajid, klein richard, nabokov vladimir, lowell robert, euripides, harris sam, maugham w.somerset, pynchon thomas, nabokov vladimir, chand meira, jardine lisa, jardine lisa, reynolds alaistair, sartre jean-paul, gifford barry, de teran lisa st aubin, lanchester john, chen da, kafka franz, frei max, lefebrve noemi, mcewan ian, gray john, gray john, clowes daniel, foucault miche,l gray john, kant immanuel, ferrante elena, chambers becky, levy roger, claudel phillippe, dick philip k, wray j. jackso,n pratchett terry and baxter stephen, chambers becky, fiske john and hartley john, hebdige dick, maitland f.w., dick philip k, butler samuel, butler samuel, butler samuel, murdoch iris, murdoch iris, murdoch iris, pratchett terry and baxter stephen, glass rodge, de chirico george, hornby nick, lethem jonathan, coetzee j. m., millar martin, stallman richa,rd m. parrinder patrick, gombrowicz witold, hornby nick, hornby nick, gee maggie, dixey anne, hawes james, maconie  stu,art hornby nick, hornby nick, roberts adam, roberts adam,de teran lisa st aubin, ocampo silvina, lewis oscar, delillo don, perri francesco, gass william, hennessy peter, cumming charles, maconie  stuart, twain mark, cleeves ann, corbett thig,pen & hervey cleckley milner gamaliel, sobel dava, hornby nick, hornby nick, leon donna, gardner helen , williams reese, nesser hakan, simon nicholson and sikina jinnah , sterling bruce, o'brien martin, sciascia leonardo, housing monitoring team, melville herman, thompson hunter s., roberts adam, helgason hallgrimur, malouf david, delillo don, chabon micha,el solomons natasha, marriott edward, holt tom, holt anne, whitehouse david, taylor mildred d., sillitoe sir percy, miller john, dostoevsky fyodaor, denny norman (compiled by), roberts adam and verne jules, coe jonathan, barker nicola, junger sebastian, conan-doyle arthur, khoo thwe pascal, heller joseph, cortvriend. v.v., bryson bill, took barry, gifford barry, murphy c. e., charlesworth monique, kingston maxine hong, kingston maxine hong, coover robert, harrison colin, sharp margery, mailer norman, liu cixin, liu cixin, liu cixin, russo richard paul, vandermeer jeff, pears iain, vandermeer ,jeff ryman geoff, dick philip k, holt anne, stephenson, neil stephenson neil, ogilvy audrey a, finighan w. r., department of t,he environment  grimwood jon courtenay, asher neal, asher neal, asher neal, du maupassant guy, reynolds alaistair, asher neal, burroughs w,illiam s harkaway nick, satie erik, beethoven, koontz dea,n atwood margaret, kimhi rabbi david, garrison jim, austen jane, harkaway nick, dawson r.f.f, department of employment, department of employment, department of employment, economis commission for europe inland transport committee, jones tobias, shriver lione,l baxter stephen, macleod ken, powell anthony, asher neal, cheek mavis, montalban manuel vazquez, hughes bettany, bach rachel, mcdevitt jack, reynolds alastair, asher neil, atkins will,iam levin ira, meynell alice, strugatski arkady and boris, bach rachel, leduc violette, paretsky sara, eastland sam, eastland sam, bechdel alison, fitzgerald conor, hart miranda, higashno keig,o marshall michael, wodehouse p.g, wodehouse p.g, wodehouse p.g, rohmer sax, runcie james, fleming peter, bellow saul, mccullers carson, defoe daniel, greene graham, lawrence d. h., faulkner william, faulkener william, o'brien edna, o'brien edna, spark muriel, spark muriel, doyle lynn, camus alber,t allingham margery, allingham margery, allingham margery, rhys jean, newson john and elizabeth, mann thomas, allingham margery, allingham margery, o'brien edna, leonard elmore, evans ifor, spark murie,l webster john, moravia alberto, spark muriel, pym denis (ed,ited by) trevor elleston, bronte charlotte, homer, geoffr,ey of monmouth gaskall elizabeth, heilpern john, joyce james, peter cheyne,y spark muriel, rushdie salman, mitford nancy, hardy thomas, moore john, wells h.g, hardy thomas, lawrence d. h,. murdoch iris, walpole hugh - beckford william - shelley mary, orwell george, hyland stanley, christie agatha, sayers dorothy l., haggard william, wells h.g, cervantes miguel de, target g. w., donleavy j.p., mitford nancy, taylor a. j. p., wodehouse p.g, dolley christopher edits, thompson hunter s., fitzgerald f. scott, doyle a.conan, thurber james, allingham marg,ery garnett richard, peake mervyn, prebble john, gough richard, smith stevie, peake mervyn, liu cixin, orwell geo,rge belloc hilaire, beerbohm max, bowles jane, tacitus, hemingway ernest, theroux paul, thirkell angela, waugh evelyn, wilson angus, wilson angus, lawrence d. h., lawrence d. h., lawrence d. h., orwell george, perelman s. j., green f.l., hill susan, greene graham, forester c.s., mccarthy mary, esslin. martrin, o'brien flann, le carre john, stribling t.s., lawrence d. h., durrell gerald, sagan francoise, chevalier gabrie,l anstey f., graves robert, doyle lynn, joyce james, thompson flora, delacorta, lawrence d. h., donleavy j.p., hrabal bohumil, briggs asa, colette, gaskall ,elizabeth landolfi tommaso, france anatole, christie agatha, bone david w., hawkes jacquetta, hammett dashiell, de teran lisa st aubin, bates h.e, isherwood christopher, hemingway ernest, brahms caryl and simon s.j, duffy maureen, kilworth garry, berger john, fielding henry, miliband ralph ,and saville john wilder thornton, achebe chinua, mascaro juan (new translation by), schnabel jim, braine john, james henry, waugh evelyn, waugh evelyn, peake mervyn, williams tennessee, sagan francoise, hughes richard, weldon fay, waugh evelyn, buchan john, graves rober,t boll heinrich, weldon fay, wodehouse p.g, tillyard e. m., w. lee laurie, lessing doris, updike john, amis martin, hardy thomas, chandler raymond, wodehouse p.g, manning olivia, lessing doris, spark muriel, masters john, o'brien edna, mann thomas, traven b., pevsner nicholas, dickens charles, white t. h., shakespeare william, douglas norman, woolf virgina, murdoch iris, blackwood algernon, lawrence d. h., gide andre, edward albee jack richardson murray schisgal athur miller, iwamoto kaoru, arenas reinaldo, andrzejewski jer,zy joyce james, de botton alain, mauriac francois, simenon georges, lawrence d. h., texier catherine, forster e. m, allingham mar,gery allingham margery, allingham margery, allingham margery, crofts freeman wil,ls hoskins w. g., sebald w.g, macleod ken, amis kingsle,y cain james m, wodehouse p.g, o'brien edna, allingham mar,gery mccullers carson, harrison harry, cheyney peter, christie agath,a cheyney peter, chandler raymond, crystal david, shaw george be,rnard sophocles, haggard william, colette, borges j,orge luis borges jorge luis, borges jorge luis, lowry malcolm, lowry malcolm, dostoyevsky f.m, schnitzler arthur, drabble margaret, boll heinrich, aristotle, heyer georgette, chandler raymond, douglas alfred, ackroyd peter, ackroyd peter, basho, steinb,eck john wodehouse p.g, gaskall elizabeth, mottram v.h, walker kenne,th davis hugh sykes, evans ifor, evans ifor, harrison g., b. sayers dorothy l., innes michael, womack jack, thubron coli,n wodehouse p.g, leonard elmore, innes michael, innes michael, innes michael, innes michael, innes michael, du maurier dap,hne gardner erle stanley, gaskall elizabeth, greene graham, sartre jean-pa,ul lodge david, gaskall elizabeth, farmer philip jose, austen jane, rabelais francois, ekelof gunnar, karolyi otto, sartre jean-p,aul cabell james branch, didion joan, borges jorge luis, de monfried henry, doyle a.conan, chandler raymond, miller arthur, merriman henry, seton gaiman neil, innes michael, innes michael, drabble margar,et harrison g. b., kawabata yasunari, west john anthiony, buchan john, highsmith patricia, pineda cecile, nabokov vladimir, spark muriel, needleman jacob, grayling a.c., lurie alison, hay ian, thubron colin, cameron james, stein gertrude, dickens charles, linklater eric, plato, plato, plato, plato, yalom irvin d., jungstedt mari, plato, stagg guy, mcdonald ed, knausgaard karl ove, knausgaard karl ove, harvey graham and hardman charlotte, pope dudley, james henry, woolrych aus,tin conrad joseph, pollard tony, dyer geoff, chaing ted, marquez gabriel garcia, colette, bennett robert jackson, nesser hakan, mootoo shani, coe jonathan, higson charlie, marquez gabriel, garcia banks iain , brown alan, schine cathleen, christopher adam, fesperman dan, rohmer sax, michaels anne, saunders john, lessing doris, becker jurek, krabbe. tim, shaw bernard, anthony piers, hunt stephen, gurdjieff, gibson wil,liam gaarder jostein, pears iain, euripides, shepard lu,cius prawer jhabvala r, bach rachel, coover robert, westerfield sc,ott brookmyre christopher, craig amanda, bacigalupi paolo, okri ben, buffett jimmy, milligan spike and antrobus john, shakespeare william, o'hara john, trevor elleston, leonard elmore, ageyev m., hill susan, robbe-grillet alain, rinaldi patrizia, adiga aravind, feist raymond, mankowitz wolf, miller arthur, mccarthy mary, rowling j. k., wilson robert, corey james a., corey james a., runyon damon, shakespeare william, shakespeare william, shaffer peter, davidson robyn, lethem jonathan, chekov anton, esposito roberto, gardner john, palmer philip, barnes john, mcmahon thomas, robinson kim st,anley mankell henning, grazier james, grass gunter, hamilton pete,r f. hardy thomas, jack albert, coupland douglas, parris s. j., ozeki ruth, reynolds alaistair, mason zachary, mason zachary, delacorta, kerr phillip, coupland douglas, betjeman john, parker john, cortazar julio, lewis sinclair, du maurier daph,ne mcewan ian, fowles john, troyes chretien de, lethem jonathan, eggers dave, aristotle horace longinus, bolano roberto, giuttari michel,e bernard st, baudrillard jean, schrader helena p., frayn michael, chomsky noam, min anchee, morrison toni, von arnim eliz,abeth lethem jonathan, calvino italo, calvino italo, roberts michel,le hardy thomas, mccarthy mary, murdoch iris, symons a. j. ,a. connolly joseph, connolly joseph, lethem jonathan, scott-wilson sio,n flint shamini, tejpal tarun j., camilleri andrea, safranski rudiger, agamben giorgio, vichi marco, moers walter, bennett arnol,d heyer georgette, euripides, butler samuel, butler samuel, butler samuel, butler samuel, butler samuel, butler samuel, butler samuel, butler samuel, butler samuel, miloszewski  z,ygmunt hoban russell, lewycka marina, lewycka marina, lethem jonathan, rankin ian, rankin ian, fraser george macdonald, fraser george macdonald, del rey lester, neville kris, longmate norman, greenwood duncan, and king robert mortenson greg and relin david oliver, farmer philip jose, asimov isaac, harding d. e., ferris joshua, gill a. a., smith ali, lawrence d,. h. fletcher martin, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, corey james a., corey james a., corey james a., rankin robert, tilley patrick, tilley patrick, turner george, hedquarters library department of the environment, george woodford kirstine williams nancy hill deper,tment of the environment general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, frayn michael, general regist,er office general register office, general register office, general register office, general register office, haddon celia , catling b, delillo don, fitzgerald c,onor murdoch iris, garcia-roza luiz alfredo, carofiglio gianrico, vichi marco, williams jen, ramirez david, eastland sam, roberston al, lyotard jean-francois, catling b, williams jen, carter angela, townsend sue, bendis brian micheal and  maleev alex, bendis brian micheal and  maleev alex, mcauley paul j., bendis brian micheal and  maleev alex, shaw john h., simmonds posy, cochrane james, (edited by) barth john, jeter k. w., dunn euan , lynch richa,rd warwick christopher , fraser george macdonald, barnes djuna, neuvel sylvai,n kepler lars, durrell lawrence, durrell lawrence, durrell lawrence, durrell lawrence, shakespeare william, waugh evelyn, puig manuel, crais robert, houellebecq michel, durrell lawrence, grant morrison, p,hil jimenez, steve yeowell eriksson kjell, jordan robert, slavnikova olga, story jack trevo,r boll heinrich, crussi f. gonzalez, dick philip k, ackerman diane, perec georges, stross charles, ashman howard, rosen michael, mcllwraith a. k., packer nigel, haasen carl, hesse herman,n hesse hermann, lewis norman, ballard j. g., maupassant guy, de perry sarah, dickey james, friedman kinky, friedman kinky, durrell lawrence, ings simon, jones diana wynne, forrest katherine ,v.  weldon fay, sophocles, mitchison naomi, kermode frank, firestone shulamith, webster john, gosse edmund - introduction by, conrad joseph, palmer frank, trollope anthony, bronte charlotte, durrell lawrence, prose francine, murphy devla, lyall gavin, fraser georg,e macdonald fo dario, fleming peter, disch thomas m. and sladek john t., marlowe christoher, rosewicz tadeusz, nunez raul, shakespeare william, webster john, poliakoff stephen, murakami ryu, neuvel sylvain, eliot t. s., fitzgerald penelope, fergusson francis, curie ewa, geoff dyer, (contributor) lila azam zanganeh (contributor) leanne shapton (contributor) alain de botton (contributor) alice rawsthorn (contributor) swann ingo, le carre john, nabokov vladimir, evans julian, ahndoril alexander, gonzales tony, chu wesley, gentle mary, solnit rebecca, barnes john, fitzgerald penelope, hamilton geoff, jordan robert, sterbenz carol endler, mcnaughton colin, david peter, innes clive, banks lynne reid, miller henry, hartley l. p., smith e. e. 'doc', smith e. e. 'doc', silitoe alan, bonnot  xavie,r-marie pratchett terry, lessing doris, bowen elizabeth, allen woody, hamilton peter f., hamilton peter f., millar martin, barker howard, barker howard, steinbeck john, hardy thomas, smith zadie, johnson air vice marshall j.e., lewis sinclair, gentle mary, izzo jean-cl,aude forster e.m, webb beatrice, kiefer anselm, harkaway nick, cheever john, cordell aleander, plener pytan, council for c,hildren's welfare lovecraft h. p., harrison harry, mah adeline yen, heinlein robert, smith e. e. 'doc', knausgaard karl ove, bartlett jamie, feist raymond, osbourne lawrence, renoir jean, paasilinna arto, thirlwell adam, trollope anthony, twain mark, bataille georges, bataille georges, bataille georges, bataille georges, emily morris kevin pask marco déramo  kristen surak wolfgang streeck frederic jameson hung ho-fung, gaston sean, shannon samantha, nash ogden, st john madelaine, hill susan, de botton alain, reynolds alaistair, reynolds alaistair, fine. anne, rushdie salman, allingham margery, grimwood jon courtenay, welsh itvine, melville-ross antony, swift graham, hiaasen carl, beeton mrs, mcguane thomas, cheever john, crisp quentin, klossowski pie,rre barker george, rankin ian, mayne andrew and shuttleworth john, wainwright gordon, ivor noel-hume and audrey noel- hume, heller joseph, wilson barbara, reynolds peter, newman ernest, pickering kenneth, rankin ian, van horn er,ica tchaikovsky adrian, leon donna, lerner ben, brantenberg, gerd martinez guillermo, musil robert, baxter stephen, markaris petros, gaiman neil, deren maya, virilio paul, ballard j. g., heller joseph, sahgal nayantara, marshall bruce, chadbourn mark, nesser hakan, glade merton, shepard lucius, theilkuhl wolfg,ang sawyer robert j., moore christopher, glendinning victoria, vesey-fitzgerald bria,n bennett vanora, smith alexander mccall, allingham margery, allingham margery, e.c.bentley and h. warner allen, allingham margery, simenon georges, gide andre, walker martin, iyer lars, ings simon, allingham m,argery friedmann john , marcus ben, marcus ben, southam b. ,c. enright anne, drinkwater olive, asher neal, asher neal, sullivan caitlin and bornstein kate, bradley a c, lahiri jhumpa, hiaasen carl, westerfield scott, johnson diane, cheek mavis, faulks sebas,tion asimov isaac, edwards ruth dudley, lackey mercedes, blunden edmund, mckinley robin, duffy stella, steinbeck john, davies andrew, donoghue emma, asher neal, grimwood jon courtenay, villalobos juan pablo, asher neal, asimov isaac, berlins marcel and wansall geoffrey, leonard elmore, proulx e. anne, tennyson alfred, dyer geoff, reynolds al,aistair reynolds alaistair, reynolds alaistair, roig jose miguel, yevtushenko yevge,ny livio mario, hardy thomas, head bessie, mill j.s, tanizaki junichiro, pinborough sarah, pinborough sarah, williams nigel, jonathan ross and tommy lee edwards, tor krevor andre singer thomas piketty goran therborn teri reynolds perry anderson josh berson  william davies marcus verhagen, robin blackburn perry anderson wang lixiong jacques ranciere micheal hardt  geoffrey ingham  terry eagleton peter lagerquist timothy bewes gunter grass pierre boudieu, n. e. thing enterprises , donoghue emma, coupland douglas, mankell henning, fred halliday er,nest mandel  heather  maroney riccardo parboni satyajit ray

pablo iglesias mike davis francis mulhern joann wypijewwski joshua rahtz emma  fajgenbaum  r taggart murphy, evgeny morozov gopal balakrishnan wang chaohua  mauricio velasquez franco moretti jeffrey r. webber anders stephanson barry schwabsky, joshua wong frederic jameson joetrapido emilie bickerton sebastian veg  adam tooze achin vanaik franco moretti, gopal balakrishnan bhaskar sunkara  daniel finn francesco fiorentino  enrica villari  micheae denning blair ogd,en  vivek chibber susan watkins ching kwan lee neil davidson nancy ettlinger alex niven timothy brennan joshua rahtz emilie bickerton,mike davis giovanni arright, g tamas peter nolan koza yamamura asef bayat  benedict anderson tariq ali ian birchill kheya bag  regis debray, dark horse comics, dark horse comics, warren ellis lee bermejo david baron, warren ellis lee bermejo david baron, warren ellis lee bermejo david baron, damon hurd with pedro camello, brian wood /  becky cloonan, chris claremont jim lee scott williams, dark horse comics, jeph loen carlos pachego jesus merino, morrison grant, morrison grant, morrison grant, morrison grant, amis martin, mike carey sonny liew marc hempel, groening matt, jenkins johnson faucher, dark horse comics, damon hurd rick smith, damon hurd rick smith, brian wood becky cloonan, brian wood becky cloonan, brian wood becky cloonan, grant morrison frank quit,ely *, mike carey sonny liew marc hempel, grant morrison philip bond d'israeli daniel vozzo, bendis brian micheal and  maleev alex, brian wood becky cloonan, damon hurd with pedro camello, mike carey sonny liew marc hempel, brian wood becky cloonan, jim valentino chance wolf dan davis, mckelvie gillen, mckelvie gillen, mckelvie gillen, mckelvie gillen, mckelvie gillen, veitch and  baikie, pienkowski jan, berenstain stan and jan, martin ruth, jones terry, palmer jessi,ca williams ursula moray, pratchett terry, farmer penelope, hunter norman, dahl roald, cresswell helen, rumble adrian (collected by), norton andre and madlee dorth,y bond micheal, brennan j. h., gibson andrew, hall willis, ridley philip, hutchins pat, wright ralph, clarke arthur, cross gillian, lowry lois, wright ralph, king-smth dic,k piserchia doris, proysen alf, priest graham, blackburn simo,n buckeridge anthony, steed ben, wilson forrest, norriss andrew, deary terry, cresswell helen, jacques brian, webber collin, snell gordon, rodgers mary, kastner erich, ordnance surve,y schmidt arno, garner alan, dahl roald, wilson davi,d henry lindgren astrid, kemp gene, art thibert and pamela thibert, bennett arnold illustrated by m,orten sale pynchon thomas, burgess anthony, huxley aldous, dahl roald, boll heinrich, herr micheal, dibden michael, o'connell jack, greenland colin, gifford barry, gifford barry, russell leigh, dahl roald, shakespeare william, marivaux, rodgers m,ary lucasfilm bob woods (editor), lucasfilm bob woods (editor), lucasfilm bob woods (editor), lucasfilm bob woods (editor), lucasfilm bob woods (editor), mcfarlane todd, jim valentino chance wolf dan davis, jim valentino chance wolf dan davis, mckillip patricia a., du maurier daphne, elgin suzanne haden, de teran lisa st aub,in collingwood r. g., winterson jeanette, carmody isobelle, perry steve, egan doris, moorcock michael, gaiman neil, gilden mel, larry niven jerry pounelle micheal flynn, eddings david, cooper louise, weaver micheal, claremont chris, hamilton laurell k., kepler lars, nothomb amel,ie staig laurence, wood anthony, murrary linda, kaveney roz di,tor plato, cumming elizabeth and kaplan wendy, reiss johanna, glover jonatha,n goodman nelson, plato, carmody isobelle, wilson robert cha,rles wilson robert charles, wilson robert charles, johnson george, kepler lars, brookmyre christopher, jordan robert, kinsella sophie, jewell lisa, parent gail, gibson williams, kinsella sophie, carofiglio gianr,ico hesse hermann, nesbo jo, duane diane, higginson wi,lliam j. ferguson margaret.  salter mary jo. stallworthy jon, evanovich janet, evanovich janet, bennett alan, blaylock james p., aylett steve, roffey monique, chambers clare, sedaris david, warner alan, cross amanda, lee harper, brookmyre christopher, lawrence louise, levi primo, coupland do,uglas homesa. m., wesley mary, nicholson geoff, chambers clare, chambers clare, lee chang-rae, ahmed rollo, gowdy barbar,a suri manil, brickell christopher (editor), adelson warren et al, ishiguro kazuo, curley marianne, miller alexander, macleod ken, diamond jare,d persson leif g.w., littell robert, anderson poul, hamilton laure,ll k. nicoll andrew, miller mark and mcniven steve, wells h.g., xing jan, robinson kim stanley, dahl roald, chandler arthur, breznik melitta, jordan robert, cherryh c.j., sayers dorothy l., dow kristin and do,wning thomas e. mccaffery anne, brent-dyer elinor m., jordan robert, crichton miche,al evanovich janet, williams john, schlosser eric, murphy pat, trollope joanna, mcintyre vonda n., lackey mercedes and dixon larry, lackey mercedes, duane diane and morwood peter, lewis jon e., mccaffery anne, mccaffery anne, jewell lisa, holden wendy, binchy maeve, duane diane, mccaffery anne, mccaffery anne, lovelock james, eddings david, besher alexander, mccaffery anne, barnes john, briggs ian, leon donna, mcdonagh martine, stackpole micheal a, blake william, nassib selim, rankin robert, child lincoln, goudge elizabe,th de teran lisa st aubin, beukes lauren, ridge antonia, greenland coli,n palmer stephen, crais robert, kirstein rosemary, duane diane, lawrence sara, bronte charlotte, plater alan, jones j. v., norriss andrew, girling brough, jordan robert, jones j. v., jones j. v., konwicki  tadeusz, bateman colin, erpenbeck jenn,y scarpa tiziano, lisick beth, warner alan, evanovich ja,net dalby liza, warner alan, adler-olsen  jussi, alcott louisa m., dickinson peter, hicyilmaz gaye, lindgren astrid, lucas george, davies russell t., bendis brian micheal and  maleev alex, bawden nina, gross philip, foster alan dean, anderson kevin j, lucas george, glut donald, kahn james, cadigan pat, murakami haruki, bodlian library, zizek slavoj, tucker andrew, and kingswell tamsin davidson alan, cadigan pat, ashton charles, brookmyre chris,topher brookmyre christopher, brookmyre christopher, evanovich janet, david peter, leon donna, brookmyre christopher, brookmyre christopher, simon anne, scamander newt, whisp kenilworthy, davies pete, blyton enid, blyton enid, walsh helen, bradley marion, steve pike and ,paul fisher travers p.l., lively penelope, vinge joan, jacques bri,an aiken joan, fisk nicholas, o'keeffe linda, deegan denise, clarke stephen, franken al, blyton enid, blyton enid, mankell henning, smith alexander mccall, jones diana wynne, norton andre, ullmann linn, jones vanessa, pinborough sarah, kafka franz, anderson kevin j. (edited by), rankin robert, rankin robert, mccaffery anne, evanovich janet, mccaffery anne, yoshimto ray - clamp nanase ohkawa, brookmyre christopher, allen roger macbride, pratchett terry, anderson kevin j. (edited by), connolly joseph, cherryh c.j., cadigan pat, mccaffery anne, divakaruni chit,ra banerjee zappa moon unit, vernadsky vladimir i, mackesy serena, waterhose keith, hines barry, golding william, keenan joe, ironside vi,rginia cullimore claudine, kawabata yasunari, motter dean and lark michael, mccaffery anne, mccaffery anne, mccaffery anne, packard vance, moore gerald, furey maggie, furey maggie, mccaffery anne, duane diane, gaiman neil, brown dan, furey maggie, lindsay dougl,as scott-giles c. w., modesitt jr  l. e., bronte charlotte, murdoch iris, streatfield noel, leiris michel, bronte emily, williams ursu,la moray ecke wolfgang, pratchett terry, mclean lenny, edwards-jones, imogen nesser hakan, mcintyre vonda, fisk nicholas, evanovich jane,t tey josephine, robbe-grillet alain, aeschylus, baudrillar,d jean baudrillard jean, pagels heinz r., sen amartya, sen amartya, caputo john d., rossini, corey james a., holt tom, kube-mcdowell michael p., sweterlitsch tom, wolfe tom, cadigan pa,t murdoch iris, bronte anne, dyer geoff, spinoza  be,nedictus de  spinoza  benedictus de, haasen carl, dexter colin, moffat gwen, handke peter, handke peter, handke peter, handke peter, kavan anna, kavan anna, kavan anna, gaiman neil, nicholson william, christopher adam, lena levinas ousmane sidibe gabrial piterberg kristen surek franco moretti tom mertes jan breman emilie bickerton, tawadayoko, snow c. p., snow c. p., groening matt, claudel philip,pe leith sam, spinrad norman, russo richard paul, hamilton peter f., haldeman joe, rankin robert, musil robert, niven larry, niven larry, walsh micheal, dibden michael, anouilh jean, herbert frank, allen roger macbride, mcgraw eloise jarvis, lowery marilyn m., bruford bill (editor), bishop micheal, saraute nathalie, abbey edward, wahloo per, davies andrew, davies andrew, asimov isaac, faulks sebastian, dos passos john, egan greg, egan greg, bradley marion, rankin robert, brown eric, shakespeare, william jeter k. w., dyer geoff, beckett chris, roth philip, marshall smith michael, armesto felipe fernandez, almond david, bolano robert,o goscinny f - uderzo a, goscinny f - uderzo a, lowe helen, arnott jake, reynolds alaistair, frith r. j., lena levinas ousmane sidibe gabrial piterberg kristen surek franco moretti tom mertes jan breman emilie bickerton, anderson perry, anderson perry, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, higgins jack, hoban russell, rolfe fr- fred,erick baron corvo busby f.m, kepler lars, barnes julian, machiavelli ni,ccolo sebald w.g, priest christopher, martin sean, gibson gary, banks iain m, gibson gary, gibson gary, gibson gary, gibson gary, gibson gary, mclellan david, grady james, tilley patrick, van vogt a.e, boyd william, swartz richar,d bennett alan, cortazar julio, anders charlie jane, lowe helen, stagg guy, banks iain, banks iain m illustrated by nick day, banks iain m, banks iain m, flint james, larsson stieg, anthony piers, mcdevitt jack, lostetter marina j., richardson dorothy m., scott m. k. c., gaskall mrs, talbot-booth e. c., whitman walt, le carre john, shelley percy bysshe (introduction phyllis hartnoll ), holt tom, tett gillian, shepard luciu,s grimwood jon courtenay, proust marcel illustrated by phillipe julian, fenn jaine, caldecott a,ndrew caldecott andrew, harvey colin, mcauley paul j., mcdonald ian, mcdonald ian, linklater eric, pliny, nesbo ,jo mcauley paul j., brown eric, backman fedrik, de la motte and,ers galbraith robert, dahl arne, watkins susan, anderson perry, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, bull mccormack, badiou hart blackburn therborn sarfattio watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, susan watkins benedict anderson franco moretti, hallward collini 'retort' bickerton, jean baudrillard giovanni arrighi richard gott rgis debray, watkins susan, anderson perry, anderson perry, watkins susan, watkins susan, tom mertes peter gowan gerad dumenil & dominique levy, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, blackburn ronin, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, perry anderson darko suvin lucio magri  carlos prieto, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, blackburn robin, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, blackburn robin, watkins susan, watkins susan, anderson perry, watkins susan, watkins susan, blackburn robin, blackburn robin, blackburn robin, peter hallward t,om nairn jean baudrillard sabry hafex watkins susan, watkins susan, blackburn robin, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, watkins susan, moravia alberto, tolstoy leo, busby f.m, marquand j,ohn p. airne c. w., haldeman joe, oçonnor richard, hardy thomas, rhys jones  griff, butcher jim, harper david, larsson stieg, joslin edward c., furnival kate, eastland sam, eastland sam, kadare ismail, hertzberg max, grancsay stephen v., mcintyre vonda, kafka franz, piketty thomas, greene harris, butcher jim, ordnance survey, brodie bernard and fawn, kornbluth c. m., bull emma, seigel martin, imlah mick, thomas edward, maclean alista,ir de giovanni maurizio, banks iain m, banks iain m, banks iain, corey james a., corey james a., carver raymond, mason paul, reynolds alaistair, lagercrantz david, lagercrantz david, shakespeare willia,m brooks rosetta , brooks rosetta , grant richard, scudder bernar,d (translator) bull emma, eliot george, kadrey richard, lowry malcolm, de la motte anders, aaronovitch ben (cartmel williamson renne), dick lesley, herbert fran,k setterfield diane, lyall gavin, carr caleb, mcintyre vo,nda groening matt, groening matt, dark horse comics, groening matt, greene graham, gunn kirsty, klein rachel, bussi michel, wiltshire professor patricia, collins bridget, ford ford madox, bishop micheal, brandao ignazio de loyola, kube-mcdowell michael p., pratchett terry, anderson kevin j, mitchell david, barnes john, barnes john, marion  jean,-luc marin louis, marion  jean-luc, marion  jean-luc, horner robyn, zizek slavoj, goscinny f - uderzo a, goscinny f - uderzo a, zizek slavoj, zizek slavoj, powers richard, nietzsche, zizek slavoj,  rorty richard, marion  jean-luc, monbiot george, zizek slavoj, zizek slavoj, litvinoff emanuel, williams raymond, williams raymond, williams raymond, fabre dominique, zizek slavoj, stiegler bern,ard knight renee, painter sarah, north claire, upson nicola, wesley mary, hogan ruth, jones ruth, brookmyre c,hristopher evanovich janet, dabos christelle, greene joshua, bullmore edwar,d upson nicola, gardener graham, honeyman gail, evanovich jane,t kadrey richard, vonnegut kurt, pratt tim, thomas d. ,m. liminov eddie, liminov edward, dahl roald, banks iain, vickers sally, zahn timothy, vonnegut kurt, bassini giorgi,o eastland sam, bainbridge beryl, hill susan, golding wil,liam chen da, tey josephine, reig rafael, lawrence d. ,h. vinge vernor, brown eric, grimwood jon courtenay, stross charles, maddox tom, ellis bret easton, de teran lisa st aubin, aldiss brian, fleming jim and wilson peter lamborn, kepler lars, roslund and hellstrom, kepler lars, cartmel andrew, ripley mike, lyotard jean-francois, stross chalres, kristjansson snorri, king laurie r, powell gareth l., costantino maria, various, mosley walter, brown eric, brown eric, nespolo matias, king laurie r, le carre john, cheever john, campbell john w. , ferman edward l. , oatmeal matthew inman, le carre john, niven larry, zetford tully, ripley mike, le carre joh,n boardman tom, candlish louise, gombrich e.h., shaw george be,rnard jones diana wynne, kennedy emma, jones ruth, gardiner be,cky  wainwright martin , bates stephen , meer malik, sylvain dom,inique paolini christopher, bourdain anthony, horowitz anthony, hugo victor, hesse hermann, tolstoy leo, hawtree christopher graham greene, hilbig wolfgang, barnes julian, kundera milan, zafron carlos ruiz, grimwood jon courte,nay bellow saul, isherwood christopher, clark alan, dahl roald, lotringer sylvere, pullman phillip, galgut damon, paolini chris,topher cresswell helen, jones sadie, christie agatha, doyle a.conan, robinson geoffrey, hodges andrew, sylvain dominique, dostoevsky f.m, martin george r.r., moore christopher, hacker katerina, o'flynn catherin,e cervantes miguel de, kavenna joanna, one direction, austen jane  g,rahame-smith seth conan-doyle arthur, lessing doris, wakeman rick, conan-doyle a,rthur conan-doyle arthur, gaskall mrs, hansen essa, trapani gina, lore pittacus, upward edward, lively penelope, morrison grant, ennis garth, ellis warren, morrison grant, ennis garth, moyes jojo, simsion graeme, shea dave and holzschlag molly e., cederholm dan, martin george r.r., macdonald kyle, feist raymond, upward edward, levi primo, stross charles, sjowall maj and wahloo per, krauss  rosalind, bataille georges, queneau raymond, blackwood algernon, arnold n. scott, leckie ann, cobley michael, levy david, bywater mic,hael brennan marie, fuller steve, fuller steve, fuller steve, tom taylor , jeremy rapack , mik s miller, tom taylor , bruno redondo , ball philip, morden simon, conan-doyle a,rthur pratchett terry, lovegrove james, sartre jean-paul, simenon georges, allan nina, plato, brown eric, cumming cha,rles moore christopher, mieville china, genna  giuseppe, aldiss brian, davidson lionel, adams douglas, russell eric frank, vance jack, cobley michael, cobley michael, furst alan, judd alan, king laurie r, gaiman neil, saint-exupery antoine de, aldiss brian, acker kathy, woolf virgina, mordern s. j., meaney john, anthony piers, christie agatha, smith cordwainer, smith cordwainer, dickson gordon, brin david, davidson lionel, cottrell leonard, rushdie salman, le carre john, brown eric, sayers doro,thy l. brown eric, szerb antal, szerb antal, von schrirac,h ferdinand barthelme donald, shakespeare william, jerome jerome k, kipling rudyard, duras marguerite, pavese cesare, ackroyd peter, tilly charles, thorton tim, reynolds alaistair, von arnim elizabeth, land nick, mackay robin, gould stephen jay, gould stephen jay, mackay robin, veal damion, wolfendale peter, ball philip, castoriadis ,cornelius chomsky. noam, dyson freeman, waldrop n. mitchell, wyatt sir thomas, watson james d., macrae  donald g, larsson stieg, noon jeff, rowbotham sheila & segal lynne & wainwright hilary, carrion jorge, hilbig wolfgang, fermor patrick l,eigh parveeb adams beverly brown elizabeth cowie, parikka jussi, pelevin victor, kurkov andrey, introduced by j. michael walton, jones steve, russ joanna, bennett jane, morgan dan, hannah dolan elizabeth dowsett emma grange, judge dredd!, sayers doroth,y l. sayers  cox edward, vickers sally, nykanen harri, matheson richa,rd jenkins martin and swift jonathan, fleming ian, o'brien flann myles na gopaleen, gieysztor aleksander et al..., de beauvoir simone, sayers dorothy l., sayers dorothy l., de la mare walter, marnham patrick, cumming charles, enger thomas, sayers doroth,y l. lebor adam, dick philip k, naylor doug, amis martin, priest christopher, makine andrei, pratchett terry, carofiglio gianr,ico s. c. kaines smith, grenier jean, lessing doris, pratchett terr,y vickers sally, pratchett terry, pratchett terry, pratchett terry, pratchett terry, pratchett terry, pratchett terry, pratchett terry, akerman chantal, kevin eastman peter laird dave sim, tremain rose, hustvedt siri, evanovich janet, nesser hakan, cage john, van vogt a,.e karlsson jonas, lethem jonathan, singer peter, tuck rchard, leach edmund, floridi luciano, floridi luciano, rose mark (edito,r) skolimowski henryk, kunzru hari, sexton ed, arden kath,erine milanovic branko, helen pluckrose and james lindsey, pinker steven, brooks rosetta,  zizek slavoj, keene jogn, fox jeremy, collins jef,f myerson george, fox dominic, pallant kathryn, haggard william, haggard william, haggard william, henshaw lee, golumbia dav,id dawkins richard, dawkins richard, dawkins richard, kaplan robert, balestrini nanni and moroni primo, watkins susan, watkins susan, barry max, weir andy, kadrey richard, mcauley paul j., mcauley paul j., mcauley paul j., mcauley paul j., mcauley paul j., mcauley paul j., mcdonald ian, mcdonald ian, mcdonald ian, cavanaugh wil,liam t. corina john, lee yoon ha, unt mati, simcox ad,am ripellino angelo maria, morgan richard, setterfield diane, morgan richard, stross chalres, garner alan, bassini giorgio, jennings luke, jennings luke, jennings luke, mordern s. j., novick naomi, novick naomi, macleod ken, reynolds alaistair, reynolds alaistair, afary janet and anderson kevin b, quignard pascal, queneau raymond, arrighi giovanni, niffenegger audrey, quignard pascal, conklin groff, gibson william, quignard pascal, quignard pascal, atkinson  anthon,y b zelazny roger, karl frederick and hamalian leo (edits), modiano patrick, foer jonathan sa,fran chekov anton, garnier pascal, thiongó ngugi wa, crussi f. gonzale,z forrest richard, delany samuel r., cadigan pat, damasio anto,nio damasio antonio, ackroyd peter, evans i. o. (editor), mcdevitt jack, van vogt a.e, stross charles, hamilton edward, pratchett terry, herbert frank, appia adolphe, king laurie r, brown eric, clifton mark and riley frank, mordern s. j., russell eric frank, kuttner henry, robson justina, tchaikovsky adrian, robson justina, mattelart armand and michelle delcourt xavier, dick philip k, cherryh c.j., pohl frederick and kornbluth c. m., graeber david, graeber david, robin blackburn, stiegler bernard, stiegler bernard and derrida jacques, llansol maria gabriela, benkler yochai, robinson kim stanley, anderson poul, jeter k. w., king lily, moorcock michael , leon donna, silverberg ,robert pratt tim, mcarthur maxine, moorcock michael , stephenson neil, carver jeffrey a., van vogt a.e, wollheim donald a. (editor), simenon georges, clarke arthur, mossman keith, okuda michea, and denise, gibson william, daly mary, sterling bruce , rankin ian, evans peter, j. coleman gabriella, edmund spencer, edmund spencer, patrick hamilit,on alexander moszkowski, jane austen, alexander moszkowski, christine brooke rose, helmuth plessner, zubrowsky

[joethetoonfanandoutcast]

Illumination Bowling Teams

Now I've got the idea of Illumination characters involved in a crossover sports game that's not canon to their films, I've started thinking of the idea of them participating in separate bowling teams.

Gru/Lucy/Dru/Dr. Nefario/Marlena

Vector/Eduardo Perez/Balthazar Bratt/Clive

Once-ler/Grinch/Lorax/Bricklebaum

Buster/Suki/Eddie/Miss Crawley

Mario/Luigi/Toad/Peach

Johnny/Marcus/Stan/Barry

Porsha/Nooshy/Ash/Rosita

Gunter/Norman/Mike/Clay

Jimmy/Jerry/Wolf Thug/Cheetah Thug

Margo/Agnes/Edith/Audrey

Ted/Mrs. Wiggins/Granny Norma/?

The Nelsons

Kevin/Bob/Stuart/Otto/Wild Knuckles EB/Easter Bunny/Carlos/Phil/Snowball

Meena and Alfonso don't participate in the sport because their fingers can't fit inside the balls' holes. The other pets don't participate because none of them except for Snowball can stand up.

What do you think?

[nj355]

Black Men in Britain

Why is it I only feel English in the Caribbean, and a West Indian whilst in Britain? Why do those born in the West Indies arrive in Britain and only then discover themselves as West Indians? Why do blacks born in Britain cleave so much to the Caribbean, whilst those born in the Caribbean cleave to the ideals of ‘ Britishness ’ ? Why is it so dif fi - cult to be a black male in Britain? How does this cultural mishmash of identity have an impact on broader sociological issues? And, most importantly, what does it mean to be a black man in Britain?

RESEARCH - S.Selvon/ G.Lamming/ Sir D.Walcott/ P.Gilroy/ S.Hall/ K.Pryce/ M.Banton

Paul Gilroy, Stuart Hall, Ken Pryce and Michael Banton regarding the difficulties of blackness in Britain ... I recalled the fabulous novels I had read by Sam Selvon and George Lamming and the poetry of Sir Derek Walcott, who all reminded me of the heavy burden that manifold identities sometimes carry.

The historical experience of colonisation and subjugation and the contemporary experience of social, economic political marginalisation, led to a feeling of insigni fi cance and to an insularity that becomes unbearable because the goals and standards of success in the white world are de fi ned in ways which makes them impossible to achieve. (Fanon, 1967, cited in Bowling & Phillips, 2002:72)

Such ideas have seeped into relatively recent sociological debate. See, for example, Herrnstein and Murray (1994), who suggest that blacks are innately less intelligent than other racial classi fi cations, and as a result are predisposed to deviancy and ultimately criminality. All too frequently, an analysis of crime within sociological literature manifests a subtext that speaks of blacks as offenders, purely in relation to their engagement with enforcement agencies. This is an area of some concern for me as a lecturer in criminology and criminal justice, where I notice a number of modules with a speci fi c focus on ‘ black criminality ’ built into curriculum designs, a focus that has a negative impact on black students, particularly males.

When I fi rst get off the boat I was thinking that my brother would be there waiting for me dress up in top hat and thing, with a carriage, that will carry me to a big house with shag carpet and expensive ornaments. Nothing like that happen boy. London was colder than I ever dream a place could be. When I speak I see smoke – cold it was cold like that! A fella come meet us in an old truck, and take us to our new home. That night is in the bathroom I sleep – in a rusty bath pan amongst three other fellas. All the other places them in the house occupy. Boy I was shame. I get mammagise [fooled] into coming here and living like that, but what to do? (Cletus)

People are really afraid that this country might be rather swamped by people from a different culture. The British character has done so much for democracy, our land has done so much throughout the world, that if there is any fear that it might be swamped, people are going to react and be rather hostile to those coming in. (Margaret Thatcher, World in Action , Granada TV, 1978)

system. Although academic research and literary commentary conducted on blacks in Britain has a lengthy legacy, the main bodies of work that address everyday sociological issues of black life are limited. Consequently there is a chasm in the authoritative and effective investigation of black masculinities in Britain. This is of concern particularly as many of the texts that observe the everyday lives of black males habitually focus on black youth, and ignore black adult or middle-aged populations in Britain (Alexander, 2001; Gunter, 2010; White, 2017).

Complicit masculinity is commonly typi fi ed by the characterisation of the ‘ new man ’ – a male who openly displays his ‘ feminine side ’ and is said to be liberated from the con fi nes of patriarchy. Subordinate masculinity is frequently used to de fi ne homosexual men, and stresses that although homosexuality today enjoys a greater level of tolerance than ever, it is still at times highly stigmatised. But it is the last category, marginalised masculinity that will be the essential concern of this chapter. Marginalised masculinity, according to Connell (1987, 1995), is shaped by economics, social class and race, factors that, I will go on to argue, have had a profound effect on shaping the life course of black men in Britain.

This can be illustrated by the biological fetishism experienced by British Olympian Linford Christie, who, in the early 1990s, was subjected to unpleasant sexualised and racialised medialed discourses about the dimensions of his ‘ lunch box ’ (penis): Linford Christie is way out in front in every department and we don ’ t just mean the way he stormed to victory in the 100 metres in Barcelona. His skin tight Lycra shorts hide little as he pounds down the track. His Olympic sized talents are a source of delight for women around the world. ( The Sun , 6 August 1992) What makes this piece particularly distasteful is the fact that Christie ’ s achievements in track and fi eld were superlative, as he was (and still is) the only British sprinter to achieve gold medal status in all four major athletic competitions. 4 This rekindles Fanon ’ s keen observation about the fascination of black male genitalia, where the black male is not looked upon as a man but simply as a phallus: One is no longer aware of the Negro but only of his penis, the Negro is eclipsed. He is turned into the penis. He is a penis. (Fanon, 1967:70)

Monrose, Kenny. Black Men in Britain : An Ethnographic Portrait of the Post-Windrush Generation, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/mdx/detail.action?docID=5899693. Created from mdx on 2022-12-15 13:34:46.

[brooklynmuseum]

On July 7 at 7 pm, Baseera Khan will perform their album, “I Am an Archive,” which is featured in our special exhibition of the same name. Khan will be accompanied by singer/bassist Caithlin De Marrais and guitarist Kaia Fischer of Rainer Maria, and drummer Stuart Gunter of Chamomile and Whiskey.

After the performance, stay for a conversation between the musicians about scoring an exhibition and how sound and installation work together in Khan’s artistic practice.

Tickets are $25 ($20 for Members) and include after-hours admission to “Baseera Khan: I Am an Archive.” 

📷 Matthew Carasella → Baseera Khan (born Denton, Texas, 1980). Snake Skin (Column 6), 2019. Pink Panther FOAMULAR, plywood, resin dye, custom handmade silk rugs made in Kashmir, India. Courtesy of the artist and Simone Subal Gallery, New York. © Simone Subal Gallery, New York. (Photo: Dario Lasagni) 

[random-musical-dreamcasts]

Sing

Requested by @jolovesfandoms

Buster Moon: Stuart Neal

Johnny: Jeremy Jordan

Meena: Caitlin Kinnunen

Ash: Ariana DeBose

Rosita: Sherie Rene Scott

Gunter: Matt Lucas

Mike: Andrew Rannells

Eddie: Chris Mccarrell

Miss Nana Noodleman: Audra Mcdonald

Miss Crawly: Caroline O’Connor

[maxmaggr]

Χίτλερ: Οι κινηματογραφικές ενσαρκώσεις του

Ο Χίτλερ, είναι μια από τις πιο σκοτεινές φιγούρες της σύγχρονης ιστορίας. Η επιρροή που άσκησε ο Χίτλερ κατά την διάρκεια της ζωής του, άφησε ένα σκληρό στίγμα στον θεσμό της Ευρώπης. Αυτή η επιρροή συνεχίζεται και μέχρι σήμερα, καθώς βλέπουμε χιλιάδες βιβλία, ιστορικά και λογοτεχνικά να ανατυπώνονται και να πουλάνε αμέτρητα αντίτυπα, όλα με πρωταγωνιστή τον Αδόλφο Χίτλερ. Οι πίνακες του Χίτλερ πλέον πουλιούνται σε δημοπρασίες για χιλιάδες ευρώ ενώ ο Χίτλερ έχει γίνει και αντικείμενο σάτιρας στα κόμικς και στην τηλεόραση. Ο Χίτλερ ήταν αδύνατον να μην περάσει και από το σινεμά. Αυτό το άρθρο είναι ένα αφιέρωμα στους ηθοποιούς που υποδύθηκαν αυτήν την μυστηριώδη και πολύπλευρη προσωπικότητα. Επειδή, λίγο έως πολύ, οι ταινίες είναι πανομοιότυπες μεταξύ τους,το άρθρο θα λειτουργήσει ως ένας κατάλογος πορτρέτων, παρά ως ανάλυση του χαρακτήρα του Χίτλερ. Από την μικρή έως την μεγάλη οθόνη, αυτά είναι τα πορτραίτα του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ. Ήρθε η ώρα να τα γνωρίσουμε.

The Great Dictator (1940)

Σκηνοθεσία: Charles Chaplin Πρωταγωνιστούν: Charles Chaplin, Paulett Godard, Jack Oakie Είκοσι χρονιά μετά την ήττα της Tomania από τον πρώτο παγκόσμιο πόλεμο. Ένας δικτάτορας ανεβαίνει στην εξουσία με σκοπό να ανυψώσει την χώρα του σε μια παγκόσμια υπερδύναμη. Ο Charles Chaplin υποδύεται τον δικτάτορα Hynkel, ένα σατιρικό «κακέκτυπο» του Χίτλερ, σε μια τολμηρή καυστική ταινία, που πλέον θεωρείται κλασική στο παγκόσμιο σινεμά. O Moe Howard από τους The Three Stooges,υποδύθηκε τον Χίτλερ εννιά μήνες πριν από το The Great Dictator (1940),στο σατιρικό φιλμάκι You Nazty Spy! (1940). O Mow Howard ενσάρκωσε ξανά τον Χίτλερ στην ταινία I’ll Never Heil Again (1941).

Πηγή εικόνας; imdb.com

Man Hunt (1941)

Σκηνοθεσία: Fritz Lang Πρωταγωνιστούν: Walter Pidgeon, Joan Bennet, George Sanders Ο λοχαγός Thorndike, έχει στο στόχαστρο τον Χίτλερ και θα κάνει τα πάντα για να τον βγάλει από την μέση. Αν και στην ταινία ο Χίτλερ παίζει μικρό ρόλο, έχει σημασία να αναφέρουμε τον ηθοποιό που τον υποδύεται. Ο Carl Ekberg ενσάρκωσε τον ρόλο του Χίτλερ, άλλες τέσσερις φορές: Citizen Cane (1941), The Wife Takes Flyer (1942), Once Upon a Honeymoon (1942) και What Did You Do in the War, Daddy (1966).

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Devil With Hitler (1942)

Σκηνοθεσία: Gordon Douglas Πρωταγωνιστούν: Bobby Watson, Alan Mowbray, George E. Stone Το συμβούλιο της κόλασης, ευχαριστημένο με την κτηνώδη φύση του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ. Αποφασίζει να απολύσει τον διάβολο, για να πάρει την θέση της αρχηγίας της κόλασης ο Χίτλερ. Ο μόνος τρόπος για να κρατήσει ο διάβολος την θέση του, είναι να επηρεάσει τον Χίτλερ, ώστε να κάνει μια τουλάχιστον αγαθή πράξη. Ένα από τα μικρού μήκους φιλμάκια αμερικάνικης προπαγάνδας, με πρωταγωνιστή τον Bobby Watson. O Bobby Watson, ενσάρκωσε τον Χίτλερ, άλλες οκτώ φορές: Hitler- Dead or Alive (1942), That Nazty Nuisance (1943), The Miracle of Morgan’s Creek (1944), The Hitler Gang (1944), A Foreign Affair (1948), The Story of Mankind (1957), On The Double (1961), The 4 Horsemen of Apocalypse (1962).

Πηγή εικόνας; imdb.com

The Strange Death of Adolf Hitler (1943)

Σκηνοθεσία: James P.Hogan Πρωταγωνιστούν: Ludwig Donath, Gale Soundergaard, George Dolenz O Frantz Huper είναι ένας υπάλληλος που έχει ταλέντο στην μίμηση, συλλαμβάνεται από την Γκεστάπο επειδή μιμούνταν τον Χίτλερ. Η Γκεστάπο αποφασίζει να χρησιμοποιήσει τον Frantz ως απομιμητή του Χίτλερ, σε περίπτωση που γίνει απόπειρα δολοφονίας κατά του Φύρερ.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel (1951)

Σκηνοθεσία: Henry Hathaway Πρωταγωνιστούν: James Mason, Jessica Tandy, Luther Adler Η ταινία αφηγείται τα τελευταία χρόνια της ζωής του Γερμανού στρατηγού Erwin Rommel κατά την διάρκεια του δευτέρου παγκοσμίου πολέμου. Ο Luther Adler ενσαρκώνει τον Αδόλφο Χίτλερ. Ο Andler ενσάρκωσε ξανά τον Χίτλερ στην ταινία The Magic Face (1951).

Πηγή εικόνας: themoviescene.co.uk

The Last Ten Days (1955)

Σκηνοθεσία: George Wilhelm Pabst Πρωταγωνιστούν: Albin Skoda, Oskar Werner, Lotte Tobisch Οι τελευταίες δέκα μέρες της ζωής του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ. Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Albin Skoda.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Hitler (1962)

Σκηνοθεσία: Stuart Heisler Πρωταγωνιστούν: Richard Basehart, Maria Emo, Cordula Trantow Η ζωή και το έργο του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ. Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Richard Basehart.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Is Paris Burning ? (1966)

Σκηνοθεσία: Rene Clement Πρωταγωνιστούν: Jean-Paul Belmondo, Charles Boyer, Leslie Caron Η ταινία αφηγείται την απελευθέρωση του Παρισιού από τα γερμανικά στρατεύματα τον Αύγουστο του 1944.

Πηγή εικόνας: memoiresdeguerre.com

They Saved Hitler’s Brain (1968)

Σκηνοθεσία: David Bradley Πρωταγωνιστούν: Walter Stocker, Audrey Caire, Carlos Rivas Τρελοί Ναζί επιστήμονες συντηρούν στην ζωή το κεφάλι του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ, ώστε να τον επαναφέρουν στην ζωή.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Which Way to the Front ? (1970)

Σκηνοθεσία: Jerry Lewis Πρωταγωνιστούν: Jerry Lewis, Jan Murray, Sidney Miller O Sindey Miller ενσαρκώνει τον Χίτλερ, σε μια ξεκαρδιστική κωμωδία από την δεκαετία του ’70.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Hitler: The Last Ten days (1973)

Σκηνοθεσία: Ennio De Concini Πρωταγωνιστούν: Alec Guiness, Simon Ward, Adolfo Celi Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει  ο Alec Guiness.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Seventeen Moments of Spring (1973)

Σκηνοθεσία: Tatyana Lioznova Πρωταγωνιστούν: Vyacheslav Tikhonov, Yefim Kopelyan, Fritz Diez Η επιτυχημένη σοβιετική τηλεοπτική σειρά, που αφηγείται την ζωή του Σοβιετικού κατασκόπου Maxim Isaev. Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Fritz Diez. Ο Fritz Diez τον ενσάρκωσε, άλλες έξι φορές: Ernts Thalmann-Fuhrer seiner Klasse (1955), Frozen Flashes (1967), I, Justice (1967), Liberation (1970-71), Take Aim (1974) και Soldiers of Freedom (1977).

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Bunker (1981)

Σκηνοθεσία: George Schaefer Πρωταγωνιστούν: Anthony Hopkins, Richard Jordan, Cliff Gorman Οι τελευταίες βδομάδες της ζωής του Χίτλερ, μέσα στο καταφύγιο του.

Πηγή εικόνας; imdb.com

Inside the Third Reich (1982)

Σκηνοθεσία: Marvil J. Chomsky Πρωταγωνιστούν: Rutger Hauer, John Gielgud, Maria Schell Η ταινία αφηγείται την ζωή του Albert Speer.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Hitler’s SS Portrait in Evil (1985)

Σκηνοθεσία: Jim Goddard Πρωταγωνιστούν: John Shea, Bill Nighy, Lucy Gutteridge Η ταινία αφηγείται την ζωή των αδελφών Helmut και Karl Hoffmann. Και οι δυο καταταγμένοι από την νεαρή τους ηλικία στα σκοτάδια του Ναζισμού.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Winds of War (1983)

Σκηνοθεσία: Dan Curtis Πρωταγωνιστούν: Rober Mitchum, Ali MacGraw, Jan-Michael  Vincent Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Gunter Meiner, ο οποίος τον είχε ενσαρκώσει ξανά, στην κωμωδία Ace of Aces (1982). Η σειρά απέκτησε ένα sequel, War and Remembrance (1988).

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)

Σκηνοθεσία: Steven Spielberg Πρωταγωνιστούν: Harrison Ford, Sean Connery, Alison Doody Η τρίτη περιπέτεια του Indiana Jones, αυτήν την φορά, παλεύει ενάντια στους ναζί για την διεκδίκηση του Χρυσού Δισκοπότηρου.

Πηγή εικόνας; imdb.com

Countdown to war (1989)

Σκηνοθεσία: Patrick Lau Πρωταγωνιστούν: Ian Mckellen, Michael Albridge, Tony Britton Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Ian Mackellen.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Plot To Kill Hitler (1990)

Σκηνοθεσία: Lawrence Schiller Πρωταγωνιστούν: Brad Davis, Madolyn Osborne, Ian Richardson Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Mike Gwilym.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Empty Mirror (1996)

Σκηνοθεσία: Barry J. Hersey Πρωταγωνιστούν: Norman Rodway, Camilla Soeberg, Peter Michel Goetz Ένα σκοτεινό ταξίδι στο μυαλό του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Moloch (1999)

Σκηνοθεσία: Aleksandr Sokurov Πρωταγωνιστούν: Elena Rufanova, Leonid Mozgovoy, Irina Sokolova 1942: Ο Χίτλερ μαζί με την Εύα Μπράουν, τον Γκέμπελς και τον Μπόρμαν θα περάσουν ένα χαλαρό σαββατοκύριακο στις Βαυαρικές Άλπεις.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Max (2002)

Σκηνοθεσία: Menno Meyjes Πρωταγωνιστούν: John Cusack, Noah Taylor, Leeleei Sobienski Η ταινία απεικονίζει την φιλιά μεταξύ του Rothman, ενός έμπορου τέχνης και του μαθητή του, του Αδόλφου.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Hitler: The Rise of Evil (2003)

Σκηνοθεσία: Christian Duguay Πρωταγωνιστούν: Peter Stormare, Friedrich Von Thun, Peter O’ Toole Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Robert Carlyle.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Operation Valkyrie (2004)

Σκηνοθεσία: Jo Baier Πρωταγωνιστούν: Sebastian Koch, Ulrich Tukur, Hardy Kruger,Jr. Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Udo Schenk.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Downfall (2004)

Σκηνοθεσία: Oliver Hirschbiegel Πρωταγωνιστούν: Bruno Ganz, Alexandra Maria Lara, Ulrich Mattes Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Bruno Ganz, σε μια ανεπανάληπτη ερμηνεία.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Valkyrie (2008)

Σκηνοθεσία: Bryan Singer Πρωταγωνιστούν: Tom Cruise, Kenneth Branagh, Bill Nighy Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο David Bamber.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Inglourious Basterds (2009)

Σκηνοθεσία: Quentin Tarantino Πρωταγωνιστουν: Brad Pitt, Diane Kruger, Christoph Waltz Μια συμμορία Εβραίων στρατιωτών ετοιμάζουν ένα σχέδιο εκδίκησης ενάντια στην τυραννία των ναζί.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Man Who Crossed Hitler (2011)

Σκηνοθεσία: Justin Hardy Πρωταγωνιστούν: Ed Stoppard, Ian Hart, Bill Paterson Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Ian Hart.

Πηγή εικόνας: telegraph.co.uk

Grey Wolf: Hitler's Escape to Argentina (2012)

Σκηνοθεσία: Gerrard Williams Πρωταγωνιστούν: Dante Venesio, Maria Heller, Pietro Gian Ένα συνωμοσιολογικό docu-drama σχετικά με την διαφυγή του Χίτλερ στην Αργεντινή.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Kung Fury (2015)

Σκηνοθεσία: David Sandberg Πρωταγωνιστούν: David Sandberg, Jorma Taccone, Steven Chew Το διάσημο ρετρό ταινιάκι του youtube που κατάφερε να γίνει ένα σύγχρονο pop φαινόμενο.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Look who’s Back (2015)

Σκηνοθεσία: David Wnedt Πρωταγωνιστούν: Oliver Masucci, Thomas M. Koppl, Marc-Marvil Israel Ο Χίτλερ επιστρέφει στην Γερμανία του 21ου αιώνα και αποκτάει άμεσα φήμη, θα προσπαθήσει να αλλάξει ξανά τον κόσμο, με διαφορετικά όπλα αυτήν την φορά. Απέκτησε ένα sequel με τίτλο, Sono Tornato, οπού ο Μπενίτο Μουσολίνι επιστρέφει στην Ιταλία του 21ου αιωνα

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Jojo Rabiit (2019)

Σκηνοθεσία: Taika Waititi Πρωταγωνιστούν: Scarlett Johansson, Taika Waititi, Sam Rockwell Ο Jojo είναι ένα από τα παιδιά της Χιτλερικής νεολαίας, όταν μαθαίνει ότι η μητέρα του έχει προσφέρει στέγη σε μια Εβραία κοπελίτσα, τα πράγματα αλλάζουν για εκείνον.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com Read the full article

[the-dewdrop-read-deep]

Stuart Gunter - The Wind Telephone

Stuart Gunter's poem, The Wind Telephone, engages with one of the more poignant symbols of the thousands of deaths following the 2011 tsunami in Japan.

Last week marked the ten-year anniversary of the tsunami that killed over 19,000 people in northeastern Japan. Stuart Gunter’s poem, The Wind Telephone, engages with one of the more poignant symbols of the disaster in the country: ‘I first heard the story of the wind telephone on This American Life. I could not imagine the terror and resulting pain of that experience, and thought the idea of…

[maxmaggreece]

Χίτλερ: Οι κινηματογραφικές ενσαρκώσεις του

Ο Χίτλερ, είναι μια από τις πιο σκοτεινές φιγούρες της σύγχρονης ιστορίας. Η επιρροή που άσκησε ο Χίτλερ κατά την διάρκεια της ζωής του, άφησε ένα σκληρό στίγμα στον θεσμό της Ευρώπης. Αυτή η επιρροή συνεχίζεται και μέχρι σήμερα, καθώς βλέπουμε χιλιάδες βιβλία, ιστορικά και λογοτεχνικά να ανατυπώνονται και να πουλάνε αμέτρητα αντίτυπα, όλα με πρωταγωνιστή τον Αδόλφο Χίτλερ. Οι πίνακες του Χίτλερ πλέον πουλιούνται σε δημοπρασίες για χιλιάδες ευρώ ενώ ο Χίτλερ έχει γίνει και αντικείμενο σάτιρας στα κόμικς και στην τηλεόραση. Ο Χίτλερ ήταν αδύνατον να μην περάσει και από το σινεμά. Αυτό το άρθρο είναι ένα αφιέρωμα στους ηθοποιούς που υποδύθηκαν αυτήν την μυστηριώδη και πολύπλευρη προσωπικότητα. Επειδή, λίγο έως πολύ, οι ταινίες είναι πανομοιότυπες μεταξύ τους,το άρθρο θα λειτουργήσει ως ένας κατάλογος πορτρέτων, παρά ως ανάλυση του χαρακτήρα του Χίτλερ. Από την μικρή έως την μεγάλη οθόνη, αυτά είναι τα πορτραίτα του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ. Ήρθε η ώρα να τα γνωρίσουμε.

The Great Dictator (1940)

Σκηνοθεσία: Charles Chaplin Πρωταγωνιστούν: Charles Chaplin, Paulett Godard, Jack Oakie Είκοσι χρονιά μετά την ήττα της Tomania από τον πρώτο παγκόσμιο πόλεμο. Ένας δικτάτορας ανεβαίνει στην εξουσία με σκοπό να ανυψώσει την χώρα του σε μια παγκόσμια υπερδύναμη. Ο Charles Chaplin υποδύεται τον δικτάτορα Hynkel, ένα σατιρικό «κακέκτυπο» του Χίτλερ, σε μια τολμηρή καυστική ταινία, που πλέον θεωρείται κλασική στο παγκόσμιο σινεμά. O Moe Howard από τους The Three Stooges,υποδύθηκε τον Χίτλερ εννιά μήνες πριν από το The Great Dictator (1940),στο σατιρικό φιλμάκι You Nazty Spy! (1940). O Mow Howard ενσάρκωσε ξανά τον Χίτλερ στην ταινία I’ll Never Heil Again (1941).

Πηγή εικόνας; imdb.com

Man Hunt (1941)

Σκηνοθεσία: Fritz Lang Πρωταγωνιστούν: Walter Pidgeon, Joan Bennet, George Sanders Ο λοχαγός Thorndike, έχει στο στόχαστρο τον Χίτλερ και θα κάνει τα πάντα για να τον βγάλει από την μέση. Αν και στην ταινία ο Χίτλερ παίζει μικρό ρόλο, έχει σημασία να αναφέρουμε τον ηθοποιό που τον υποδύεται. Ο Carl Ekberg ενσάρκωσε τον ρόλο του Χίτλερ, άλλες τέσσερις φορές: Citizen Cane (1941), The Wife Takes Flyer (1942), Once Upon a Honeymoon (1942) και What Did You Do in the War, Daddy (1966).

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Devil With Hitler (1942)

Σκηνοθεσία: Gordon Douglas Πρωταγωνιστούν: Bobby Watson, Alan Mowbray, George E. Stone Το συμβούλιο της κόλασης, ευχαριστημένο με την κτηνώδη φύση του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ. Αποφασίζει να απολύσει τον διάβολο, για να πάρει την θέση της αρχηγίας της κόλασης ο Χίτλερ. Ο μόνος τρόπος για να κρατήσει ο διάβολος την θέση του, είναι να επηρεάσει τον Χίτλερ, ώστε να κάνει μια τουλάχιστον αγαθή πράξη. Ένα από τα μικρού μήκους φιλμάκια αμερικάνικης προπαγάνδας, με πρωταγωνιστή τον Bobby Watson. O Bobby Watson, ενσάρκωσε τον Χίτλερ, άλλες οκτώ φορές: Hitler- Dead or Alive (1942), That Nazty Nuisance (1943), The Miracle of Morgan’s Creek (1944), The Hitler Gang (1944), A Foreign Affair (1948), The Story of Mankind (1957), On The Double (1961), The 4 Horsemen of Apocalypse (1962).

Πηγή εικόνας; imdb.com

The Strange Death of Adolf Hitler (1943)

Σκηνοθεσία: James P.Hogan Πρωταγωνιστούν: Ludwig Donath, Gale Soundergaard, George Dolenz O Frantz Huper είναι ένας υπάλληλος που έχει ταλέντο στην μίμηση, συλλαμβάνεται από την Γκεστάπο επειδή μιμούνταν τον Χίτλερ. Η Γκεστάπο αποφασίζει να χρησιμοποιήσει τον Frantz ως απομιμητή του Χίτλερ, σε περίπτωση που γίνει απόπειρα δολοφονίας κατά του Φύρερ.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel (1951)

Σκηνοθεσία: Henry Hathaway Πρωταγωνιστούν: James Mason, Jessica Tandy, Luther Adler Η ταινία αφηγείται τα τελευταία χρόνια της ζωής του Γερμανού στρατηγού Erwin Rommel κατά την διάρκεια του δευτέρου παγκοσμίου πολέμου. Ο Luther Adler ενσαρκώνει τον Αδόλφο Χίτλερ. Ο Andler ενσάρκωσε ξανά τον Χίτλερ στην ταινία The Magic Face (1951).

Πηγή εικόνας: themoviescene.co.uk

The Last Ten Days (1955)

Σκηνοθεσία: George Wilhelm Pabst Πρωταγωνιστούν: Albin Skoda, Oskar Werner, Lotte Tobisch Οι τελευταίες δέκα μέρες της ζωής του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ. Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Albin Skoda.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Hitler (1962)

Σκηνοθεσία: Stuart Heisler Πρωταγωνιστούν: Richard Basehart, Maria Emo, Cordula Trantow Η ζωή και το έργο του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ. Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Richard Basehart.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Is Paris Burning ? (1966)

Σκηνοθεσία: Rene Clement Πρωταγωνιστούν: Jean-Paul Belmondo, Charles Boyer, Leslie Caron Η ταινία αφηγείται την απελευθέρωση του Παρισιού από τα γερμανικά στρατεύματα τον Αύγουστο του 1944.

Πηγή εικόνας: memoiresdeguerre.com

They Saved Hitler’s Brain (1968)

Σκηνοθεσία: David Bradley Πρωταγωνιστούν: Walter Stocker, Audrey Caire, Carlos Rivas Τρελοί Ναζί επιστήμονες συντηρούν στην ζωή το κεφάλι του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ, ώστε να τον επαναφέρουν στην ζωή.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Which Way to the Front ? (1970)

Σκηνοθεσία: Jerry Lewis Πρωταγωνιστούν: Jerry Lewis, Jan Murray, Sidney Miller O Sindey Miller ενσαρκώνει τον Χίτλερ, σε μια ξεκαρδιστική κωμωδία από την δεκαετία του ’70.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Hitler: The Last Ten days (1973)

Σκηνοθεσία: Ennio De Concini Πρωταγωνιστούν: Alec Guiness, Simon Ward, Adolfo Celi Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει  ο Alec Guiness.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Seventeen Moments of Spring (1973)

Σκηνοθεσία: Tatyana Lioznova Πρωταγωνιστούν: Vyacheslav Tikhonov, Yefim Kopelyan, Fritz Diez Η επιτυχημένη σοβιετική τηλεοπτική σειρά, που αφηγείται την ζωή του Σοβιετικού κατασκόπου Maxim Isaev. Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Fritz Diez. Ο Fritz Diez τον ενσάρκωσε, άλλες έξι φορές: Ernts Thalmann-Fuhrer seiner Klasse (1955), Frozen Flashes (1967), I, Justice (1967), Liberation (1970-71), Take Aim (1974) και Soldiers of Freedom (1977).

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Bunker (1981)

Σκηνοθεσία: George Schaefer Πρωταγωνιστούν: Anthony Hopkins, Richard Jordan, Cliff Gorman Οι τελευταίες βδομάδες της ζωής του Χίτλερ, μέσα στο καταφύγιο του.

Πηγή εικόνας; imdb.com

Inside the Third Reich (1982)

Σκηνοθεσία: Marvil J. Chomsky Πρωταγωνιστούν: Rutger Hauer, John Gielgud, Maria Schell Η ταινία αφηγείται την ζωή του Albert Speer.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Hitler’s SS Portrait in Evil (1985)

Σκηνοθεσία: Jim Goddard Πρωταγωνιστούν: John Shea, Bill Nighy, Lucy Gutteridge Η ταινία αφηγείται την ζωή των αδελφών Helmut και Karl Hoffmann. Και οι δυο κατα��αγμένοι από την νεαρή τους ηλικία στα σκοτάδια του Ναζισμού.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Winds of War (1983)

Σκηνοθεσία: Dan Curtis Πρωταγωνιστούν: Rober Mitchum, Ali MacGraw, Jan-Michael  Vincent Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Gunter Meiner, ο οποίος τον είχε ενσαρκώσει ξανά, στην κωμωδία Ace of Aces (1982). Η σειρά απέκτησε ένα sequel, War and Remembrance (1988).

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)

Σκηνοθεσία: Steven Spielberg Πρωταγωνιστούν: Harrison Ford, Sean Connery, Alison Doody Η τρίτη περιπέτεια του Indiana Jones, αυτήν την φορά, παλεύει ενάντια στους ναζί για την διεκδίκηση του Χρυσού Δισκοπότηρου.

Πηγή εικόνας; imdb.com

Countdown to war (1989)

Σκηνοθεσία: Patrick Lau Πρωταγωνιστούν: Ian Mckellen, Michael Albridge, Tony Britton Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Ian Mackellen.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Plot To Kill Hitler (1990)

Σκηνοθεσία: Lawrence Schiller Πρωταγωνιστούν: Brad Davis, Madolyn Osborne, Ian Richardson Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Mike Gwilym.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Empty Mirror (1996)

Σκηνοθεσία: Barry J. Hersey Πρωταγωνιστούν: Norman Rodway, Camilla Soeberg, Peter Michel Goetz Ένα σκοτεινό ταξίδι στο μυαλό του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Moloch (1999)

Σκηνοθεσία: Aleksandr Sokurov Πρωταγωνιστούν: Elena Rufanova, Leonid Mozgovoy, Irina Sokolova 1942: Ο Χίτλερ μαζί με την Εύα Μπράουν, τον Γκέμπελς και τον Μπόρμαν θα περάσουν ένα χαλαρό σαββατοκύριακο στις Βαυαρικές Άλπεις.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Max (2002)

Σκηνοθεσία: Menno Meyjes Πρωταγωνιστούν: John Cusack, Noah Taylor, Leeleei Sobienski Η ταινία απεικονίζει την φιλιά μεταξύ του Rothman, ενός έμπορου τέχνης και του μαθητή του, του Αδόλφου.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Hitler: The Rise of Evil (2003)

Σκηνοθεσία: Christian Duguay Πρωταγωνιστούν: Peter Stormare, Friedrich Von Thun, Peter O’ Toole Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Robert Carlyle.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Operation Valkyrie (2004)

Σκηνοθεσία: Jo Baier Πρωταγωνιστούν: Sebastian Koch, Ulrich Tukur, Hardy Kruger,Jr. Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Udo Schenk.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Downfall (2004)

Σκηνοθεσία: Oliver Hirschbiegel Πρωταγωνιστούν: Bruno Ganz, Alexandra Maria Lara, Ulrich Mattes Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Bruno Ganz, σε μια ανεπανάληπτη ερμηνεία.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Valkyrie (2008)

Σκηνοθεσία: Bryan Singer Πρωταγωνιστούν: Tom Cruise, Kenneth Branagh, Bill Nighy Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο David Bamber.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Inglourious Basterds (2009)

Σκηνοθεσία: Quentin Tarantino Πρωταγωνιστουν: Brad Pitt, Diane Kruger, Christoph Waltz Μια συμμορία Εβραίων στρατιωτών ετοιμάζουν ένα σχέδιο εκδίκησης ενάντια στην τυραννία των ναζί.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Man Who Crossed Hitler (2011)

Σκηνοθεσία: Justin Hardy Πρωταγωνιστούν: Ed Stoppard, Ian Hart, Bill Paterson Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Ian Hart.

Πηγή εικόνας: telegraph.co.uk

Grey Wolf: Hitler's Escape to Argentina (2012)

Σκηνοθεσία: Gerrard Williams Πρωταγωνιστούν: Dante Venesio, Maria Heller, Pietro Gian Ένα συνωμοσιολογικό docu-drama σχετικά με την διαφυγή του Χίτλερ στην Αργεντινή.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Kung Fury (2015)

Σκηνοθεσία: David Sandberg Πρωταγωνιστούν: David Sandberg, Jorma Taccone, Steven Chew Το διάσημο ρετρό ταινιάκι του youtube που κατάφερε να γίνει ένα σύγχρονο pop φαινόμενο.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Look who’s Back (2015)

Σκηνοθεσία: David Wnedt Πρωταγωνιστούν: Oliver Masucci, Thomas M. Koppl, Marc-Marvil Israel Ο Χίτλερ επιστρέφει στην Γερμανία του 21ου αιώνα και αποκτάει άμεσα φήμη, θα προσπαθήσει να αλλάξει ξανά τον κόσμο, με διαφορετικά όπλα αυτήν την φορά. Απέκτησε ένα sequel με τίτλο, Sono Tornato, οπού ο Μπενίτο Μουσολίνι επιστρέφει στην Ιταλία του 21ου αιωνα

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Jojo Rabiit (2019)

Σκηνοθεσία: Taika Waititi Πρωταγωνιστούν: Scarlett Johansson, Taika Waititi, Sam Rockwell Ο Jojo είναι ένα από τα παιδιά της Χιτλερικής νεολαίας, όταν μαθαίνει ότι η μητέρα του έχει προσφέρει στέγη σε μια Εβραία κοπελίτσα, τα πράγματα αλλάζουν για εκείνον.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com Read the full article

[genre-urbanarts]

Alligators https://www.genreurbanarts.com/alligators/

Alligators

for my sister a poem by Stuart Gunter I figured you were up to your eyeballs in alligators but I’d rather have my eyeballs pecked by chickens, grazing fresh moth ears as I construct aContinue reading

[bioevolutiva]

Defensores do D.I me mandaram 2 artigos publicados na Nature que, segundo eles, estariam questionando ou refutando a evolução, como não sou bom entendedor da linguagem científica, queria saber o que vocês têm a dizer sobre os artigos. (Scott Gilbert,Stuart Newman,and Graham Budd quoted in John Whitfield,“Biological theory: Postmodern evolution?” Nature, 2008) e (Michael Lynch,The evolution of genetic networks by non-adaptive processes,Nature Reviews Genetics,2007). Obrigado pela atenção!

Olá. Uma das coisas que aprendinesses anos todos, desde que terminei minha graduação, é que nãopodemos confiar nos criacionistas, sobretudo quando eles referenciamou citam cientistas e artigos técnicos publicados em periódicoscientíficos sérios. Eles, via de regra, deturpam o conteúdo e asintenções dos autores e tentam dar uma impressão completamentediferente daquela que os cientistas tentam passar. Nenhum dessesartigos questiona e muito menos refuta a evolução. Ponto!

O primeiro artigo, na realidade, nemao menos é um artigo científico em sentido estrito, mas apenas umanotícia publicada na versão online da revista Nature (seção‘News’) sobre uma conferência realizada, em 2008, em Altenberg*,na Áustria. Esse evento reuniu alguns biólogos evolutivos efilósofos da ciência para discutir a teoria evolutiva e a modernabiologia evolutiva, mas não para refutar ou questionar a evolução.Os cientistas citados são todos pesquisadores que aceitamcompletamente a evolução, portanto, não faz o menor sentidoafirmar que esse ‘artigo’ questionaria ou refutaria a evoluçãodos seres vivos - isto é, a ancestralidade comum por descendênciacom modificação.

O que os participantes do encontroem Altenberg [‘Towardan Extended Evolutionary Synthesis’, realizado entre 10 e13 de julho de 2008, no Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution andCognition Research, Altenberg, Austria - 18th Altenberg Workshopin Theoretical Biology] se propuseram a discutir foi o atual estadode arte da teoria evolutiva - isto é, da explicação geral sobrecomo a evolução ocorreu e ocorre. A principal crítica dessespesquisadores é que o foco da chamada ‘teoria sintética daevolução’ (cristalizada a partir dos anos de 1930 e 1940) seriamuito limitado, uma vez que reduziria todas as explicaçõesevolutivas a mecanismos e processos microevolutivos, como mutações,recombinação, deriva genética aleatória e, principalmente, aseleção natural atuando sobre indivíduos ou, ainda maisrestritivamente, sobre seus genes (ou alelos, melhor dizendo), como oprocesso evolutivo costuma ser modelado pela genética de populaçõesevolutiva** [Veja essa resposta aquipara ter uma ideia melhor sobre a questão].

Os participantes do encontro emAltenberg argumentam que novas descobertas, métodos, teorias,hipóteses, modelos e abordagens feitas e desenvolvidas,principalmente nos últimos 30 ou 40 anos, indicariam que deveríamoscomeçar a falar em uma nova ‘sínteseevolutiva estendida’. Esta teoria incorporaria novos mecanismose processos como parte da explicação da evolução biológica.Entre essas adições estariam uma noção ampliada dehereditariedade, que incluiria, além dos genes, a herançaepigenética e a própria cultura (isto é, via aprendizado social,por exemplo, combinados através de conceitos como de ‘construçãode nicho’); bem como incorporaria processos e mecanismos por trásda formação dos fenótipos, como a auto-organização calcados naspropriedades físico-químicas dos organismos (e seus componentes) edas relações geométricas e na natureza dinâmica não-linear dasinterações de suas moléculas, células e tecidos, especialmente aolondo do seu desenvolvimento embrionário – e, de maneira maisampla, de todo seu desenvolvimento ontogenético [Veja esses postpara saber mais no que isso consiste: ‘Éa evolução genética previsível? Parte II ou Além da genéticaparte I’, ‘VivaTuring de novo, mais pistas sobre a evolução dos membros emvertebrados’, ‘Dedeterminantes 'genéricos' aos 'genéticos': A importância da físicanos primódios da evolução animal.’, ‘Quandoa galinha torce o hallux!’]. Nos encontro também foramdiscutidos tópicos como a ‘evoluibilidade’, plasticidade fenotípica edesenvolvimental, acomodação genética e fenotípica, seleçãomultiníveis e modelos hierárquicos de evolução, que incorporam osinsights gerado pelos debates sobre equilíbrio pontuado, estase emacroevolução. Os participantes do evento postaram na internet aseguinte declaração sobre o que foi o Altenberg16:

“Um grupo de 16 biólogosevolutivos e filósofos da ciência reuniu-se no Instituto KonradLorenz para a evolução e pesquisa cognitiva em Altenberg (Áustria),de 11 a 13 de julho, para discutir o estado atual da teoria evolutivae, em particular, uma série de avanços empíricos e conceituais quemarcaram o campo nos últimos tempos.

 Nova informação inclui os resultados da revoluçãoda biologia molecular, bem como um vasto conjunto de conhecimentosempíricos sobre a variação genética em populações naturais,plasticidade fenotípica, filogenia, estase e evolução pontuada ebiologia do desenvolvimento, entre outros.

Os novos conceitos incluem (mas não se limitam a):evoluibilidade, plasticidade desenvolvimental, acomodaçãofenotípica e genética, evolução pontuada, inovação fenotípica,variação facilitada, herança epigenética e seleção multiníveis.

Ao incorporar esses novos resultados e insights emnossa compreensão da evolução, acreditamos que o poder explicativoda teoria evolutiva é muito expandido dentro e além da biologia.Como é a natureza da ciência, algumas das novas ideias resistirãoao teste do tempo, enquanto outras serão significativamentemodificadas. No entanto, há muita excitação justificada nabiologia evolutiva nos dias de hoje. Este é um momento propíciopara envolver a comunidade científica em um vasto esforçointerdisciplinar para aprofundar a nossa compreensão de como a vidaevolui.

Assinado,John Beatty(Universidade de British Columbia); Werner Callebaut (Universidade deHasselt); Sergey Gavrilets (Universidade do Tennessee); Eva Jablonka(Universidade de Tel Aviv); David Jablonski (Universidade deChicago); Marc Kirschner (Universidade de Harvard); Alan Love(Universidade de Minnesota); Gerd Muller (Universidade de Viena);Stuart Newman (New York Medical College); John Odling-Smee(Universidade de Oxford); Massimo Pigliucci (Stony Brook University);Michael Purugganan (Universidade de Nova Iorque); Eors Szathmary(Collegium Budapest); Gunter Wagner (Universidade de Yale); DavidSloan Wilson (Universidade de Binghamton); Greg Wray (DukeUniversity).”

O encontro até rendeu um livro,publicado pela MIT Press, com os trabalhos lá apresentados:‘Evolution,the Extended Synthesis’, editado por MassimoPigliucci and GerdB. Müller, lançado em 2010.

Apesar de, nas últimas décadas,vários biólogos evolutivos terem defendido posições equivalentes,essa posição, porém, está longe de ser consensual. Muitoscientistas que pesquisam a evolução não veem a necessidade defalar em uma tal ‘síntese expandida’, mesmo considerando algunsdesses novos mecanismos, modelos, abordagens e perspectivasinteressantes e potencialmente cientificamente valiosos. A questão éque, para muitos desses cientistas, muitas dessas ideias ainda sãoou muito especulativas (ou, pelo menos, restritas, a certas espéciese modelos de estudo) ou podem ser compreendidas de uma maneira maistradicional. Cerca de três anos atrás, em 2014, a revista Naturepublicou um artigo o tema, onde as duas posições são expostas umaseguida da outra (‘Doesevolutionary theory need a rethink? Yes, urgently’, escrito porKevin Laland e outros cientistas e ‘Doesevolutionary theory need a rethink?No, all is well’, escrito por Gregory A. Wray, Hopi E. Hoekstrae outros cientistas). Esse tipo de discussão é absolutamente comumdentro das ciências naturais, denotando a abertura à novas ideias epode ser encarada como uma marca de um campo de investigaçãosaudável e progressista.

O ponto central, contudo, é que nãohá qualquer questionamento sobre a realidade da evolução dos seresvivos ou sobre o fato deste fenômeno dever ser explicado por leis,princípios, mecanismos, processos e causas naturais, passíveis deanálise lógica, modelagem matemática e estatística, simulaçãocomputacional e de investigação e testes experimentais e empíricos,de maneira mais geral. Não existe qualquer concessão aocriacionismo em nenhuma de suas formas, desde as mais tradicionais,como o criacionismo da terra jovem, até as mais modernas, como a oCriacionismo do Design Inteligente, que continuam sendo ideiascomplemente pseudocientíficas, que não acrescentam nada acompreensão científica de nossa realidade.

Vamos agora ao outro artigo, escritopor outro biólogo evolutivo, Michael Lynch, da Universidade deIndiana. Aqui, de novo, já podemos começar a desconfiar doscriacionistas que tentam utilizar tal artigo. Mais uma vez, nãofaria muito sentido um biólogo evolutivo ter escrito um artigorefutando a evolução e continuar sendo biólogo evolutivo edefendendo a evolução, não é? Um ponto interessante é que Lynchnem ao menos endossa a tese de uma ‘síntese expandida’, comodeixou claro em um de seus artigos, embora seja, ele também, umcrítico das descrições populares da biologia evolutiva centradas na ideia de adaptação e seleção natural, como asdisseminadas por biólogos como Richard Dawkins, por exemplo.

O que Lynch defende é que a amoderna genética de populações evolutiva, o estudo da genômicacomparativa e da evolução molecular (que ele considera centrais namoderna teoria evolutiva) são suficientes para compreendermos aevolução dos seres vivos. Porém, ele diverge de Dawkins e outros,ao argumentar que a teoria evolutiva moderna sustenta a ideia de queboa parte do evolução dos seres vivos é não-adaptativa - isto é,não depende primordialmente da seleção natural positiva, mas simda combinação de fatores estocásticos, como a deriva genéticaaleatória, a pressão de mutação e flutuações nos tamanhos daspopulações, que influenciam na eficiência de um tipo de seleçãonatural chamado de purificadora ou negativa. Para ele, boa parte dacomplexidade dos seres vivos eucariontes multicelulares não têm umaorigem adaptativa, embora possam ser, secundariamente, ‘ajustados’por seleção natural positiva.

Dê só uma olhada no que diz oabstractdo artigo citado, que supostamente refutaria a evolução, escritopelo biólogo evolutivo Michael Lynch:

“Embora numerosos investigadores presumam que ascaracterísticas globais das redes genéticas são moldadas pelaseleção natural, não houve nenhuma demonstração formal da origemadaptativa de qualquer rede genética. Esta análise mostra quemuitas das características qualitativas das redes transcricionaisconhecidas podem surgir facilmente através dos processosnão-adaptativos de deriva genética, mutação e recombinação,levantando questões sobre se a seleção natural é necessária oumesmo suficiente para a origem de muitos aspectos das topologias dasredes de genes. A generalizada dependência de procedimentoscomputacionais que são desprovidos de dados genéticos populacionaispara gerar hipóteses para a evolução das configurações de redeparece ser injustificada.”

Perceba que Lynch não afirma que aevolução não aconteceu o acontece, apenas que a organização dasredes genéticas - isto é, de conjuntos de genes (e seus produtos)que interagem uns com os outros e que são responsáveis pelosfenótipos dos organismos – podem surgir por processos evolutivosnão-adaptativos, como ‘deriva genética, mutação erecombinação’, o que pode sugerir que a seleção natural(positiva) não seja crucial para a evolução destes tipos decaracterísticas. Ele apenas questiona a prevalência da seleçãonatural como explicação evolutiva neste contexto, mostrando queoutros fatores evolutivos, em princípio, poderiam dar origem avárias características dessas redes de genes [Veja estas respostasaqui,aquie aquipara maiores detalhes]. Isso é o oposto de refutar a evolução. Defato, é oferecer uma explicação (em muitos sentidos mais simples)para a evolução de uma série de características complexas dosorganismos.

Essa perspectiva não é nova;segue a tradição dos trabalhos teóricos, iniciados nos anos de1960 e 1970, por pesquisadores como Motoo Kimura, Tomoko Otha, ThomasJukes, J. L. King, Masatoshi Nei, Dan Graur. A. L. Hughes etc, e oacumulo de dados empíricos de sequências genômicas de DNA, RNA eproteínas de vários organismos, a partir dos anos de 1980, 1990 e,especialmente, 2000.

Já abordei várias vezes essasquestões em posts do evolucionismo.org ['Alémda seleção natural ou a importância da evolução neutra.’,‘Opreço da complexidade’, ‘Fatoresnão adaptativos e a evolução da regulação gênica emprocariontes.’, ‘Alémda seleção natural II: Complexidade e novas funções por caminhosalternativos’, ‘Qualserá o futuro genético da humanidade?’] e, mais uma vez, nãohá aí qualquer refutação à evolução. O que temos é umareorientação na ênfase nas explicações evolutivas ao nívelgenômico e molecular para mecanismos estocásticos não-adaptativos.É bom lembrar que aqui também existe certa controvérsia, uma vezque muitos outros biólogos evolutivos, mesmo reconhecendo aimportância dos mecanismos e processos estudados por Lynch,discordam da interpretação dele sobre a teoria evolutiva e defendemum papel mais proeminente para a seleção natural positiva, mesmoneste contexto genômico. Porém, como nas discussões citadasanteriormente, essas discussões apenas envolvem questionamentos arespeito dos detalhes de como a evolução aconteceu e acontece; nãopõem em questão se a evolução ocorreu, que é um considerado um‘fato científico’, consensualmente aceito por todos essescientistas e pela comunidade científica como um todo.

O problema é que os criacionistastentam subverter discussões e debates internos a biologia evolutiva- ou seja, sobre os padrões e mecanismos evolutivos -,distorcendo-os e tentando apresentá-los como se fossemquestionamentos a própria realidade da evolução. Tais discussõesinternas a biologia evolutiva nem ao menos negam a existência defatores como a seleção natural, nem o a existência de adaptaçõesevolutivas ou mesmo a importância relativa de certas formas deseleção natural na evolução. Esses debates envolvem o eventualquestionamento da proeminência de certas formas de seleção natural(positiva) e da adaptação, especialmente, na evolução molecular egenômica. Essas são questões excitantes e importantes, mas denenhuma maneira dão apoio aos criacionistas, que, exatamente, porcausa disso precisam omitir, deturpar, distorcer e mentir para tentarfazer parecer que as evidências da evolução biológica não sãotão sólidas, abrangentes e disseminadas, como realmente são, e nemtão consensualmente aceitas pelos cientistas, mesmo os religiosos,como, de fato, o são.

----------------------------

*A coberturado encontro, iniciada por uma jornalistas sensacionalista chamadaSuzan Mazur, juntamente com a captura destas notícias peloscriacionistas, acabou por gerar muita confusão, que fez osenvolvidos no evento, especialmente o biólogo e filósofo MassimoPigliucci, terem que desmentir os exageros e corrigir os erros edistorções, perpetrados pelos criacionistas, e explicar muitasvezes sobre sobre o que realmente o encontro se tratava.

** Esta postura também pode servista como uma reação a visão ‘genecentrista’, da evolução,popularizada por Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennet, John Maynard Smith eoutros, mas que é mais uma ‘abordagem metateórica’ do que umteoria em si e que sempre foi bastante controversa.

------------------------------

Referências:

Whitfield J. Biological theory: Postmodern evolution? Nature. 2008 Sep 18;455(7211):281-4. doi: 10.1038/455281a. Corrected online: 3 October 2008.

Lynch M. The evolution of genetic networks by non-adaptive processes. Nat Rev Genet. 2007 Oct;8(10):803-13. doi: 10.1038/nrg2192.

Laland K, Uller T, Feldman M, Sterelny K, Müller GB, Moczek A, Jablonka E, Odling-Smee J, Wray GA, Hoekstra HE, Futuyma DJ, Lenski RE, Mackay TF, Schluter D, Strassmann JE. Does evolutionary theory need a rethink? Nature. 2014 Oct 9;514(7521):161-4. doi: 10.1038/514161a.

Lynch M. The frailty of adaptive hypotheses for the origins of organismal complexity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2007;104(Suppl 1):8597-8604. doi:10.1073/pnas.0702207104.

---------------------------

LiteraturaRecomendada:

Welch JJ. What's wrong with evolutionary biology? Biol Philos. 2017;32(2):263-279. doi: 10.1007/s10539-016-9557-8.

Laland K, Matthews B, Feldman MW. An introduction to niche construction theory. Evol Ecol. 2016;30:191-202. Epub 2016 Feb 3. PubMed PMID: 27429507;

Prasad NG, Dey S, Joshi A, Vidya TN. Rethinking inheritance, yet again: inheritomes, contextomes and dynamic phenotypes. J Genet. 2015 Sep;94(3):367-76. PubMed PMID: 26440075.

Laland KN, Uller T, Feldman MW, Sterelny K, Müller GB, Moczek A, Jablonka E,Odling-Smee J. The extended evolutionary synthesis: its structure, assumptions and predictions. Proc Biol Sci. 2015 Aug 22;282(1813):20151019. doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.1019.

Dickins TE, Rahman Q. The extended evolutionary synthesis and the role of soft inheritance in evolution. Proc Biol Sci. 2012 Aug 7;279(1740):2913-21. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2012.0273.

Wernegreen JJ. Endosymbiosis. Curr Biol. 2012 Jul 24;22(14):R555-61. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.010.

Folguera G, Lombardi O. The relationship between microevolution and macroevolution, and the structure of the extended synthesis. Hist Philos Life Sci. 2012;34(4):539-59. PubMed PMID: 23607166.

Danchin É, Charmantier A, Champagne FA, Mesoudi A, Pujol B, Blanchet S. Beyond DNA: integrating inclusive inheritance into an extended theory of evolution. Nat Rev Genet. 2011 Jun 17;12(7):475-86. doi: 10.1038/nrg3028.

SStoltzfus A. Constructive neutral evolution: exploring evolutionary theory's curious disconnect. Biol Direct. 2012 Oct 13;7:35. doi: 10.1186/1745-6150-7-35.

Speijer D. Does constructive neutral evolution play an important role in the origin of cellular complexity? Making sense of the origins and uses of biological complexity. Bioessays. 2011 May;33(5):344-9. doi: 10.1002/bies.201100010.

Weber BH. Extending and expanding the Darwinian synthesis: the role of complex systems dynamics. Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci. 2011 Mar;42(1):75-81. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2010.11.014.

Koonin EV. Towards a postmodern synthesis of evolutionary biology. Cell Cycle. 2009 Mar 15;8(6):799-800. Epub 2009 Mar 17. PubMed PMID: 19242109; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3410441.

Pigliucci M. An extended synthesis for evolutionary biology. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Jun;1168:218-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04578.x.

Kutschera U. Symbiogenesis, natural selection, and the dynamic Earth. Theory Biosci. 2009 Aug;128(3):191-203. doi: 10.1007/s12064-009-0065-0.

Pigliucci M. Is evolvability evolvable? Nat Rev Genet. 2008 Jan;9(1):75-82. doi: 10.1038/nrg2278.

Pigliucci M. Do we need an extended evolutionary synthesis? Evolution. 2007 Dec;61(12):2743-9. Epub 2007 Oct 9. PubMed PMID: 17924956.

Kutschera U, Niklas KJ. The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis. Naturwissenschaften. 2004 Jun;91(6):255-76. Epub 2004 Mar 17. Review. PubMed PMID: 15241603.

Carroll RL. Towards a new evolutionary synthesis. Trends Ecol Evol. 2000 Jan;15(1):27-32. PubMed PMID: 10603504.

Stoltzfus A. On the possibility of constructive neutral evolution. J Mol Evol. 1999 Aug;49(2):169-81. PubMed PMID: 10441669.

Grandeabraço,

Rodrigo

[cathrynstreich]

Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Brokerage Franchise Network Expands to Mexico’s San Miguel de Allende

Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices (BHSS) announced their first network member in Mexico located in the American expatriate and retiree destination of San Miguel de Allende in central Mexico. The brokerage will operate as Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Colonial Homes San Miguel.

The location was named “No. 1 City in the World” twice, each by Condé Nast Traveler and Travel & Leisure magazines.

“We’ve been eyeing Mexico for some time as part of our global expansion,” said Gino Blefari, chairman of Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices. “With its strong American and Canadian population, San Miguel de Allende seemed a natural fit for our brand and the name recognition we command.”

Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Colonial Homes San Miguel began operations locally in 1995 under the guidance of local resident Alma Cecilia Ramirez. Joining her as co-owner and broker is American expatriate Gregory Gunter, a certified Global Luxury specialist.

“We really feel Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices will revolutionize the real estate industry in Mexico, especially in San Miguel de Allende,” says Chris Stuart, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices. “We provide a formal training program unknown in Mexico, a U.S.-based marketing resource center equally unique to Mexico, and our team has direct and specific access to their fellow real estate agents in feeder markets. That advantage is huge for our international teams.”

The new Colonial Homes San Miguel office is positioned as a luxury-focused office. As a certified Guild member of the Institute for Luxury Home Marketing, and a previous certified Global Luxury specialist, Gunter will receive the distinction as a Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Luxury Collection specialist, the brand’s division dedicated to the high-value homes owned by highly discerning homeowners. In the U.S., only 7 percent of the real estate market fits that distinction, while Gunter notes it is 16 percent of the local market in San Miguel de Allende.

“Alma and I are thrilled to offer all our clients this vast array of new marketing and technology tools,” said Gunter. “Among other advantages more common in the U.S., but new to Mexico, is our ability to offer clients live, one-on-one virtual tours, as though walking the clients through the home side-by-side. Post-pandemic, this is a critical tool, but our buyers initially are all long-distance anyway, so this is a huge marketing advantage for our selling clients.”

“We’re excited to have a bi-national and bi-cultural ownership of our first franchise in Mexico,” added Blefari. “We expect their crossover outreach to both Mexican and American/Canadian clients to be unparalleled in the market.”

For more information, please visit www.bhhs.com.

The post Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Brokerage Franchise Network Expands to Mexico’s San Miguel de Allende appeared first on RISMedia.

Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Brokerage Franchise Network Expands to Mexico’s San Miguel de Allende published first on https://thegardenresidences.tumblr.com/

[timegents]

The Stuart Arms Hotel, Alice Springs, 1924. Picture: State Library of South Australia

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The above slide show is a rare glimpse inside an Australian outback pub in 1921. What’s also is remarkable about these images are that each photograph identifies the men inside the bar of the Stuart Arms Hotel, and some of their occupations. Pictures: State Library of South Australia

THE Stuart Arms Hotel was the first hotel in Alice Springs (which was originally called Stuart).

The old single storey stone inn was located on the corner of Parsons and Todd Street and was centre of social life for 96 years.

The Stuart Arms Hotel was established by pioneer pastoralist, William Benstead, who received his publican’s license in 1888.

Benstead purchased lot 78 and 79 of the just gazetted town of Stuart on April 9 1889 and built his hotel on lot 78. The pub was described as “a modest structure of stone and iron, about the size of an average house”. The pub is now the site of Alice Plaza.

Benstead left town shortly after in 1892, leasing the pub to Thomas Gunter under a five-year lease. He was the lessee until 1900. Charles Rutherford South then held the pub’s license until 1907. During this period, Benstead, who still owned the pub, foreclosed in 1902. It was then sold to William Garnet South in 1903.

Alice Springs’ first barmaid, Mona Minahan began work at the Stuart Arms in 1931.

The historic pub was demolished over January 11 and 12 1986.

Another hotel was established under the same name, but not on the same site.

– With thanks to Wikipedia

Bar Tips

If you would like to support my work, you can leave a small tip here of $2, or several small tips, just increase the amount as you like. Your generous patronage of my work and research, however small it appears to you, will greatly help me with my continuing costs.

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A rare 1920s look inside an outback pub: The Stuart Arms Hotel, Alice Springs The above slide show is a rare glimpse inside an Australian outback pub in 1921. What's also is remarkable about these images are that each photograph identifies the men inside the bar of the Stuart Arms Hotel, and some of their occupations.

[bigeyeug]

Slick Stuart, Roja Mixtape Parte ripe for Friday

Slick Stuart, Roja Mixtape Parte ripe for Friday

By Stuart G-Khast

Slick Stuart and Roja are as excited as their fans their mixtape parte this Friday at UMA Lugogo. The duo last evening promised a much improved show to the previous ones given the experience from previous editions.

The duo besides their own exhibition have promised performances from artistes Bebe Cool, Rema, Fik Fameica, Tonix, Exodus, Beenie Gunter among others.

A ticket will…

[maxmaggr]

Χίτλερ: Οι κινηματογραφικές ενσαρκώσεις του

Ο Χίτλερ, είναι μια από τις πιο σκοτεινές φιγούρες της σύγχρονης ιστορίας. Η επιρροή που άσκησε ο Χίτλερ κατά την διάρκεια της ζωής του, άφησε ένα σκληρό στίγμα στον θεσμό της Ευρώπης. Αυτή η επιρροή συνεχίζεται και μέχρι σήμερα, καθώς βλέπουμε χιλιάδες βιβλία, ιστορικά και λογοτεχνικά να ανατυπώνονται και να πουλάνε αμέτρητα αντίτυπα, όλα με πρωταγωνιστή τον Αδόλφο Χίτλερ. Οι πίνακες του Χίτλερ πλέον πουλιούνται σε δημοπρασίες για χιλιάδες ευρώ ενώ ο Χίτλερ έχει γίνει και αντικείμενο σάτιρας στα κόμικς και στην τηλεόραση. Ο Χίτλερ ήταν αδύνατον να μην περάσει και από το σινεμά. Αυτό το άρθρο είναι ένα αφιέρωμα στους ηθοποιούς που υποδύθηκαν αυτήν την μυστηριώδη και πολύπλευρη προσωπικότητα. Επειδή, λίγο έως πολύ, οι ταινίες είναι πανομοιότυπες μεταξύ τους,το άρθρο θα λειτουργήσει ως ένας κατάλογος πορτρέτων, παρά ως ανάλυση του χαρακτήρα του Χίτλερ. Από την μικρή έως την μεγάλη οθόνη, αυτά είναι τα πορτραίτα του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ. Ήρθε η ώρα να τα γνωρίσουμε.

The Great Dictator (1940)

Σκηνοθεσία: Charles Chaplin Πρωταγωνιστούν: Charles Chaplin, Paulett Godard, Jack Oakie Είκοσι χρονιά μετά την ήττα της Tomania από τον πρώτο παγκόσμιο πόλεμο. Ένας δικτάτορας ανεβαίνει στην εξουσία με σκοπό να ανυψώσει την χώρα του σε μια παγκόσμια υπερδύναμη. Ο Charles Chaplin υποδύεται τον δικτάτορα Hynkel, ένα σατιρικό «κακέκτυπο» του Χίτλερ, σε μια τολμηρή καυστική ταινία, που πλέον θεωρ��ίται κλασική στο παγκόσμιο σινεμά. O Moe Howard από τους The Three Stooges,υποδύθηκε τον Χίτλερ εννιά μήνες πριν από το The Great Dictator (1940),στο σατιρικό φιλμάκι You Nazty Spy! (1940). O Mow Howard ενσάρκωσε ξανά τον Χίτλερ στην ταινία I’ll Never Heil Again (1941).

Πηγή εικόνας; imdb.com

Man Hunt (1941)

Σκηνοθεσία: Fritz Lang Πρωταγωνιστούν: Walter Pidgeon, Joan Bennet, George Sanders Ο λοχαγός Thorndike, έχει στο στόχαστρο τον Χίτλερ και θα κάνει τα πάντα για να τον βγάλει από την μέση. Αν και στην ταινία ο Χίτλερ παίζει μικρό ρόλο, έχει σημασία να αναφέρουμε τον ηθοποιό που τον υποδύεται. Ο Carl Ekberg ενσάρκωσε τον ρόλο του Χίτλερ, άλλες τέσσερις φορές: Citizen Cane (1941), The Wife Takes Flyer (1942), Once Upon a Honeymoon (1942) και What Did You Do in the War, Daddy (1966).

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Devil With Hitler (1942)

Σκηνοθεσία: Gordon Douglas Πρωταγωνιστούν: Bobby Watson, Alan Mowbray, George E. Stone Το συμβούλιο της κόλασης, ευχαριστημένο με την κτηνώδη φύση του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ. Αποφασίζει να απολύσει τον διάβολο, για να πάρει την θέση της αρχηγίας της κόλασης ο Χίτλερ. Ο μόνος τρόπος για να κρατήσει ο διάβολος την θέση του, είναι να επηρεάσει τον Χίτλερ, ώστε να κάνει μια τουλάχιστον αγαθή πράξη. Ένα από τα μικρού μήκους φιλμάκια αμερικάνικης προπαγάνδας, με πρωταγωνιστή τον Bobby Watson. O Bobby Watson, ενσάρκωσε τον Χίτλερ, άλλες οκτώ φορές: Hitler- Dead or Alive (1942), That Nazty Nuisance (1943), The Miracle of Morgan’s Creek (1944), The Hitler Gang (1944), A Foreign Affair (1948), The Story of Mankind (1957), On The Double (1961), The 4 Horsemen of Apocalypse (1962).

Πηγή εικόνας; imdb.com

The Strange Death of Adolf Hitler (1943)

Σκηνοθεσία: James P.Hogan Πρωταγωνιστούν: Ludwig Donath, Gale Soundergaard, George Dolenz O Frantz Huper είναι ένας υπάλληλος που έχει ταλέντο στην μίμηση, συλλαμβάνεται από την Γκεστάπο επειδή μιμούνταν τον Χίτλερ. Η Γκεστάπο αποφασίζει να χρησιμοποιήσει τον Frantz ως απομιμητή του Χίτλερ, σε περίπτωση που γίνει απόπειρα δολοφονίας κατά του Φύρερ.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel (1951)

Σκηνοθεσία: Henry Hathaway Πρωταγωνιστούν: James Mason, Jessica Tandy, Luther Adler Η ταινία αφηγείται τα τελευταία χρόνια της ζωής του Γερμανού στρατηγού Erwin Rommel κατά την διάρκεια του δευτέρου παγκοσμίου πολέμου. Ο Luther Adler ενσαρκώνει τον Αδόλφο Χίτλερ. Ο Andler ενσάρκωσε ξανά τον Χίτλερ στην ταινία The Magic Face (1951).

Πηγή εικόνας: themoviescene.co.uk

The Last Ten Days (1955)

Σκηνοθεσία: George Wilhelm Pabst Πρωταγωνιστούν: Albin Skoda, Oskar Werner, Lotte Tobisch Οι τελευταίες δέκα μέρες της ζωής του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ. Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Albin Skoda.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Hitler (1962)

Σκηνοθεσία: Stuart Heisler Πρωταγωνιστούν: Richard Basehart, Maria Emo, Cordula Trantow Η ζωή και το έργο του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ. Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Richard Basehart.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Is Paris Burning ? (1966)

Σκηνοθεσία: Rene Clement Πρωταγωνιστούν: Jean-Paul Belmondo, Charles Boyer, Leslie Caron Η ταινία αφηγείται την απελευθέρωση του Παρισιού από τα γερμανικά στρατεύματα τον Αύγουστο του 1944.

Πηγή εικόνας: memoiresdeguerre.com

They Saved Hitler’s Brain (1968)

Σκηνοθεσία: David Bradley Πρωταγωνιστούν: Walter Stocker, Audrey Caire, Carlos Rivas Τρελοί Ναζί επιστήμονες συντηρούν στην ζωή το κεφάλι του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ, ώστε να τον επαναφέρουν στην ζωή.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Which Way to the Front ? (1970)

Σκηνοθεσία: Jerry Lewis Πρωταγωνιστούν: Jerry Lewis, Jan Murray, Sidney Miller O Sindey Miller ενσαρκώνει τον Χίτλερ, σε μια ξεκαρδιστική κωμωδία από την δεκαετία του ’70.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Hitler: The Last Ten days (1973)

Σκηνοθεσία: Ennio De Concini Πρωταγωνιστούν: Alec Guiness, Simon Ward, Adolfo Celi Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει  ο Alec Guiness.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Seventeen Moments of Spring (1973)

Σκηνοθεσία: Tatyana Lioznova Πρωταγωνιστούν: Vyacheslav Tikhonov, Yefim Kopelyan, Fritz Diez Η επιτυχημένη σοβιετική τηλεοπτική σειρά, που αφηγείται την ζωή του Σοβιετικού κατασκόπου Maxim Isaev. Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Fritz Diez. Ο Fritz Diez τον ενσάρκωσε, άλλες έξι φορές: Ernts Thalmann-Fuhrer seiner Klasse (1955), Frozen Flashes (1967), I, Justice (1967), Liberation (1970-71), Take Aim (1974) και Soldiers of Freedom (1977).

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Bunker (1981)

Σκηνοθεσία: George Schaefer Πρωταγωνιστούν: Anthony Hopkins, Richard Jordan, Cliff Gorman Οι τελευταίες βδομάδες της ζωής του Χίτλερ, μέσα στο καταφύγιο του.

Πηγή εικόνας; imdb.com

Inside the Third Reich (1982)

Σκηνοθεσία: Marvil J. Chomsky Πρωταγωνιστούν: Rutger Hauer, John Gielgud, Maria Schell Η ταινία αφηγείται την ζωή του Albert Speer.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Hitler’s SS Portrait in Evil (1985)

Σκηνοθεσία: Jim Goddard Πρωταγωνιστούν: John Shea, Bill Nighy, Lucy Gutteridge Η ταινία αφηγείται την ζωή των αδελφών Helmut και Karl Hoffmann. Και οι δυο καταταγμένοι από την νεαρή τους ηλικία στα σκοτάδια του Ναζισμού.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Winds of War (1983)

Σκηνοθεσία: Dan Curtis Πρωταγωνιστούν: Rober Mitchum, Ali MacGraw, Jan-Michael  Vincent Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Gunter Meiner, ο οποίος τον είχε ενσαρκώσει ξανά, στην κωμωδία Ace of Aces (1982). Η σειρά απέκτησε ένα sequel, War and Remembrance (1988).

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)

Σκηνοθεσία: Steven Spielberg Πρωταγωνιστούν: Harrison Ford, Sean Connery, Alison Doody Η τρίτη περιπέτεια του Indiana Jones, αυτήν την φορά, παλεύει ενάντια στους ναζί για την διεκδίκηση του Χρυσού Δισκοπότηρου.

Πηγή εικόνας; imdb.com

Countdown to war (1989)

Σκηνοθεσία: Patrick Lau Πρωταγωνιστούν: Ian Mckellen, Michael Albridge, Tony Britton Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Ian Mackellen.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Plot To Kill Hitler (1990)

Σκηνοθεσία: Lawrence Schiller Πρωταγωνιστούν: Brad Davis, Madolyn Osborne, Ian Richardson Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Mike Gwilym.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Empty Mirror (1996)

Σκηνοθεσία: Barry J. Hersey Πρωταγωνιστούν: Norman Rodway, Camilla Soeberg, Peter Michel Goetz Ένα σκοτεινό ταξίδι στο μυαλό του Αδόλφου Χίτλερ.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Moloch (1999)

Σκηνοθεσία: Aleksandr Sokurov Πρωταγωνιστούν: Elena Rufanova, Leonid Mozgovoy, Irina Sokolova 1942: Ο Χίτλερ μαζί με την Εύα Μπράουν, τον Γκέμπελς και τον Μπόρμαν θα περάσουν ένα χαλαρό σαββατοκύριακο στις Βαυαρικές Άλπεις.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Max (2002)

Σκηνοθεσία: Menno Meyjes Πρωταγωνιστούν: John Cusack, Noah Taylor, Leeleei Sobienski Η ταινία απεικονίζει την φιλιά μεταξύ του Rothman, ενός έμπορου τέχνης και του μαθητή του, του Αδόλφου.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Hitler: The Rise of Evil (2003)

Σκηνοθεσία: Christian Duguay Πρωταγωνιστούν: Peter Stormare, Friedrich Von Thun, Peter O’ Toole Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Robert Carlyle.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Operation Valkyrie (2004)

Σκηνοθεσία: Jo Baier Πρωταγωνιστούν: Sebastian Koch, Ulrich Tukur, Hardy Kruger,Jr. Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Udo Schenk.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Downfall (2004)

Σκηνοθεσία: Oliver Hirschbiegel Πρωταγωνιστούν: Bruno Ganz, Alexandra Maria Lara, Ulrich Mattes Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Bruno Ganz, σε μια ανεπανάληπτη ερμηνεία.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Valkyrie (2008)

Σκηνοθεσία: Bryan Singer Πρωταγωνιστούν: Tom Cruise, Kenneth Branagh, Bill Nighy Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο David Bamber.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Inglourious Basterds (2009)

Σκηνοθεσία: Quentin Tarantino Πρωταγωνιστουν: Brad Pitt, Diane Kruger, Christoph Waltz Μια συμμορία Εβραίων στρατιωτών ετοιμάζουν ένα σχέδιο εκδίκησης ενάντια στην τυραννία των ναζί.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

The Man Who Crossed Hitler (2011)

Σκηνοθεσία: Justin Hardy Πρωταγωνιστούν: Ed Stoppard, Ian Hart, Bill Paterson Τον Χίτλερ ενσαρκώνει ο Ian Hart.

Πηγή εικόνας: telegraph.co.uk

Grey Wolf: Hitler's Escape to Argentina (2012)

Σκηνοθεσία: Gerrard Williams Πρωταγωνιστούν: Dante Venesio, Maria Heller, Pietro Gian Ένα συνωμοσιολογικό docu-drama σχετικά με την διαφυγή του Χίτλερ στην Αργεντινή.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Kung Fury (2015)

Σκηνοθεσία: David Sandberg Πρωταγωνιστούν: David Sandberg, Jorma Taccone, Steven Chew Το διάσημο ρετρό ταινιάκι του youtube που κατάφερε να γίνει ένα σύγχρονο pop φαινόμενο.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Look who’s Back (2015)

Σκηνοθεσία: David Wnedt Πρωταγωνιστούν: Oliver Masucci, Thomas M. Koppl, Marc-Marvil Israel Ο Χίτλερ επιστρέφει στην Γερμανία του 21ου αιώνα και αποκτάει άμεσα φήμη, θα προσπαθήσει να αλλάξει ξανά τον κόσμο, με διαφορετικά όπλα αυτήν την φορ��. Απέκτησε ένα sequel με τίτλο, Sono Tornato, οπού ο Μπενίτο Μουσολίνι επιστρέφει στην Ιταλία του 21ου αιωνα

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com

Jojo Rabiit (2019)

Σκηνοθεσία: Taika Waititi Πρωταγωνιστούν: Scarlett Johansson, Taika Waititi, Sam Rockwell Ο Jojo είναι ένα από τα παιδιά της Χιτλερικής νεολαίας, όταν μαθαίνει ότι η μητέρα του έχει προσφέρει στέγη σε μια Εβραία κοπελίτσα, τα πράγματα αλλάζουν για εκείνον.

Πηγή εικόνας: imdb.com Read the full article

[prnbrewery-blog]

This Friday night at @prorenatabrewery ...Willie DE & Keith Morris, backed by Stuart Gunter on Cajon! This is a night not to miss! 6-9pm in Crozet, Va! Come out with friends, and enjoy some of PRN's latest craftbeer elixir's while listening to some of the very best live local music! #crozet #virginia #brewery #craftbeer #vabeer #vacraftbeer #livemusic #charlottesville #cville #prn #music #beer (at Pro Re Nata Brewery)