#Varna Electrification Region
Photo
Varna Electrification Region
After the end of World War I the electricity supply in Varna gradually returned to normal. Varna DPP (diesel power plant) operated from 7.00 till 12.00 at daytime and from sunset till midnight. Due to the small loads, only one machine ran in the morning, and both machines-at nighttime.
In 1922 the number of consumers amounted to 1873 with electric meters and 1730 without electric meters, or a total of 3603 consumers at town population of 43 000. These figures show that a large part of the population in Varna was not yet electrified-a situation typical of other electrified towns in Bulgaria. In 1930 a municipal lighting business enterprise was established in Varna. And in 1937 two small separate power plants were also commissioned-one on the Aqueduct from the Batova river, and the other at “Prince Boris” Factory, with a total capacity of 500 kW.
The electrical load increased quite rapidly, and in the evenings the generators voltage fell from 5000 V to 4500 V for covering the peak load. At the same time, the redemption time of the loan drawn by the enterprise for the first three diesel generators was prolonged-the debt to the bank amounted to 1 414 637 Leva and it was returned as late as 1949.
A fourth diesel generator set was also supplied, but its capacity was quite small-500 kW. The disputes whether a new thermal power plant should be constructed or elec-tricity should be supplied by Adree J.S.C.-Bourgas, went on. A special commission assigned to carry out thorough investigations, presented 3 options of development of Varna electricity supply, as follows:
I.Extension of the existing DPP;
II.Supply of electricity from Adree-Bourgas, through a 95 km 60 kV overhead transmission line;
III.Construction of a local thermal power plant.
Czechoslovashki Colben-Danek
The third option was recommended and approved. Through a tender procedure, at the first stage a 2200 kW unit was procured from Czechoslovashki Colben-Danek, Prague (1944), and after that-a second 5000 kW unit, so the total capacity became 7200 kW (10 000 hp). The Varna DPP became a large regional power plant for its time, in compliance with the decisions of the first general electrification plan of 1941.
The Varna Municipality received a loan from the Electrification Fund covering 30°/o of the resources initially needed for the construction of a new thermal power plant. Against that loan, the Municipality undertook the obligation to electrify six districts including the newly liberated Dobrudja (1940).
The civil works on the regional 20 kV overhead transmission lines to the value of 80 million Leva continued simultaneously with the Varna DPP construction. Their length reached 500 km, and sixty five 20/0.4 kV distribution transformers to the cost of 50 million Leva were connected to them.
Thus, by the end of World War II, the Varna electrification region recovered and almost all towns were electrified, but electric lighting still had to reach the villages.
0 notes
Photo
Varna Electrification Region
After the end of World War I the electricity supply in Varna gradually returned to normal. Varna DPP (diesel power plant) operated from 7.00 till 12.00 at daytime and from sunset till midnight. Due to the small loads, only one machine ran in the morning, and both machines-at nighttime.
In 1922 the number of consumers amounted to 1873 with electric meters and 1730 without electric meters, or a total of 3603 consumers at town population of 43 000. These figures show that a large part of the population in Varna was not yet electrified-a situation typical of other electrified towns in Bulgaria. In 1930 a municipal lighting business enterprise was established in Varna. And in 1937 two small separate power plants were also commissioned-one on the Aqueduct from the Batova river, and the other at “Prince Boris” Factory, with a total capacity of 500 kW.
The electrical load increased quite rapidly, and in the evenings the generators voltage fell from 5000 V to 4500 V for covering the peak load. At the same time, the redemption time of the loan drawn by the enterprise for the first three diesel generators was prolonged-the debt to the bank amounted to 1 414 637 Leva and it was returned as late as 1949.
A fourth diesel generator set was also supplied, but its capacity was quite small-500 kW. The disputes whether a new thermal power plant should be constructed or elec-tricity should be supplied by Adree J.S.C.-Bourgas, went on. A special commission assigned to carry out thorough investigations, presented 3 options of development of Varna electricity supply, as follows:
I.Extension of the existing DPP;
II.Supply of electricity from Adree-Bourgas, through a 95 km 60 kV overhead transmission line;
III.Construction of a local thermal power plant.
Czechoslovashki Colben-Danek
The third option was recommended and approved. Through a tender procedure, at the first stage a 2200 kW unit was procured from Czechoslovashki Colben-Danek, Prague (1944), and after that-a second 5000 kW unit, so the total capacity became 7200 kW (10 000 hp). The Varna DPP became a large regional power plant for its time, in compliance with the decisions of the first general electrification plan of 1941.
The Varna Municipality received a loan from the Electrification Fund covering 30°/o of the resources initially needed for the construction of a new thermal power plant. Against that loan, the Municipality undertook the obligation to electrify six districts including the newly liberated Dobrudja (1940).
The civil works on the regional 20 kV overhead transmission lines to the value of 80 million Leva continued simultaneously with the Varna DPP construction. Their length reached 500 km, and sixty five 20/0.4 kV distribution transformers to the cost of 50 million Leva were connected to them.
Thus, by the end of World War II, the Varna electrification region recovered and almost all towns were electrified, but electric lighting still had to reach the villages.
0 notes
Photo
Varna Electrification Region
After the end of World War I the electricity supply in Varna gradually returned to normal. Varna DPP (diesel power plant) operated from 7.00 till 12.00 at daytime and from sunset till midnight. Due to the small loads, only one machine ran in the morning, and both machines-at nighttime.
In 1922 the number of consumers amounted to 1873 with electric meters and 1730 without electric meters, or a total of 3603 consumers at town population of 43 000. These figures show that a large part of the population in Varna was not yet electrified-a situation typical of other electrified towns in Bulgaria. In 1930 a municipal lighting business enterprise was established in Varna. And in 1937 two small separate power plants were also commissioned-one on the Aqueduct from the Batova river, and the other at “Prince Boris” Factory, with a total capacity of 500 kW.
The electrical load increased quite rapidly, and in the evenings the generators voltage fell from 5000 V to 4500 V for covering the peak load. At the same time, the redemption time of the loan drawn by the enterprise for the first three diesel generators was prolonged-the debt to the bank amounted to 1 414 637 Leva and it was returned as late as 1949.
A fourth diesel generator set was also supplied, but its capacity was quite small-500 kW. The disputes whether a new thermal power plant should be constructed or elec-tricity should be supplied by Adree J.S.C.-Bourgas, went on. A special commission assigned to carry out thorough investigations, presented 3 options of development of Varna electricity supply, as follows:
I.Extension of the existing DPP;
II.Supply of electricity from Adree-Bourgas, through a 95 km 60 kV overhead transmission line;
III.Construction of a local thermal power plant.
Czechoslovashki Colben-Danek
The third option was recommended and approved. Through a tender procedure, at the first stage a 2200 kW unit was procured from Czechoslovashki Colben-Danek, Prague (1944), and after that-a second 5000 kW unit, so the total capacity became 7200 kW (10 000 hp). The Varna DPP became a large regional power plant for its time, in compliance with the decisions of the first general electrification plan of 1941.
The Varna Municipality received a loan from the Electrification Fund covering 30°/o of the resources initially needed for the construction of a new thermal power plant. Against that loan, the Municipality undertook the obligation to electrify six districts including the newly liberated Dobrudja (1940).
The civil works on the regional 20 kV overhead transmission lines to the value of 80 million Leva continued simultaneously with the Varna DPP construction. Their length reached 500 km, and sixty five 20/0.4 kV distribution transformers to the cost of 50 million Leva were connected to them.
Thus, by the end of World War II, the Varna electrification region recovered and almost all towns were electrified, but electric lighting still had to reach the villages.
0 notes
Photo
Varna Electrification Region
After the end of World War I the electricity supply in Varna gradually returned to normal. Varna DPP (diesel power plant) operated from 7.00 till 12.00 at daytime and from sunset till midnight. Due to the small loads, only one machine ran in the morning, and both machines-at nighttime.
In 1922 the number of consumers amounted to 1873 with electric meters and 1730 without electric meters, or a total of 3603 consumers at town population of 43 000. These figures show that a large part of the population in Varna was not yet electrified-a situation typical of other electrified towns in Bulgaria. In 1930 a municipal lighting business enterprise was established in Varna. And in 1937 two small separate power plants were also commissioned-one on the Aqueduct from the Batova river, and the other at “Prince Boris” Factory, with a total capacity of 500 kW.
The electrical load increased quite rapidly, and in the evenings the generators voltage fell from 5000 V to 4500 V for covering the peak load. At the same time, the redemption time of the loan drawn by the enterprise for the first three diesel generators was prolonged-the debt to the bank amounted to 1 414 637 Leva and it was returned as late as 1949.
A fourth diesel generator set was also supplied, but its capacity was quite small-500 kW. The disputes whether a new thermal power plant should be constructed or elec-tricity should be supplied by Adree J.S.C.-Bourgas, went on. A special commission assigned to carry out thorough investigations, presented 3 options of development of Varna electricity supply, as follows:
I.Extension of the existing DPP;
II.Supply of electricity from Adree-Bourgas, through a 95 km 60 kV overhead transmission line;
III.Construction of a local thermal power plant.
Czechoslovashki Colben-Danek
The third option was recommended and approved. Through a tender procedure, at the first stage a 2200 kW unit was procured from Czechoslovashki Colben-Danek, Prague (1944), and after that-a second 5000 kW unit, so the total capacity became 7200 kW (10 000 hp). The Varna DPP became a large regional power plant for its time, in compliance with the decisions of the first general electrification plan of 1941.
The Varna Municipality received a loan from the Electrification Fund covering 30°/o of the resources initially needed for the construction of a new thermal power plant. Against that loan, the Municipality undertook the obligation to electrify six districts including the newly liberated Dobrudja (1940).
The civil works on the regional 20 kV overhead transmission lines to the value of 80 million Leva continued simultaneously with the Varna DPP construction. Their length reached 500 km, and sixty five 20/0.4 kV distribution transformers to the cost of 50 million Leva were connected to them.
Thus, by the end of World War II, the Varna electrification region recovered and almost all towns were electrified, but electric lighting still had to reach the villages.
0 notes
Photo
Varna Electrification Region
After the end of World War I the electricity supply in Varna gradually returned to normal. Varna DPP (diesel power plant) operated from 7.00 till 12.00 at daytime and from sunset till midnight. Due to the small loads, only one machine ran in the morning, and both machines-at nighttime.
In 1922 the number of consumers amounted to 1873 with electric meters and 1730 without electric meters, or a total of 3603 consumers at town population of 43 000. These figures show that a large part of the population in Varna was not yet electrified-a situation typical of other electrified towns in Bulgaria. In 1930 a municipal lighting business enterprise was established in Varna. And in 1937 two small separate power plants were also commissioned-one on the Aqueduct from the Batova river, and the other at “Prince Boris” Factory, with a total capacity of 500 kW.
The electrical load increased quite rapidly, and in the evenings the generators voltage fell from 5000 V to 4500 V for covering the peak load. At the same time, the redemption time of the loan drawn by the enterprise for the first three diesel generators was prolonged-the debt to the bank amounted to 1 414 637 Leva and it was returned as late as 1949.
A fourth diesel generator set was also supplied, but its capacity was quite small-500 kW. The disputes whether a new thermal power plant should be constructed or elec-tricity should be supplied by Adree J.S.C.-Bourgas, went on. A special commission assigned to carry out thorough investigations, presented 3 options of development of Varna electricity supply, as follows:
I.Extension of the existing DPP;
II.Supply of electricity from Adree-Bourgas, through a 95 km 60 kV overhead transmission line;
III.Construction of a local thermal power plant.
Czechoslovashki Colben-Danek
The third option was recommended and approved. Through a tender procedure, at the first stage a 2200 kW unit was procured from Czechoslovashki Colben-Danek, Prague (1944), and after that-a second 5000 kW unit, so the total capacity became 7200 kW (10 000 hp). The Varna DPP became a large regional power plant for its time, in compliance with the decisions of the first general electrification plan of 1941.
The Varna Municipality received a loan from the Electrification Fund covering 30°/o of the resources initially needed for the construction of a new thermal power plant. Against that loan, the Municipality undertook the obligation to electrify six districts including the newly liberated Dobrudja (1940).
The civil works on the regional 20 kV overhead transmission lines to the value of 80 million Leva continued simultaneously with the Varna DPP construction. Their length reached 500 km, and sixty five 20/0.4 kV distribution transformers to the cost of 50 million Leva were connected to them.
Thus, by the end of World War II, the Varna electrification region recovered and almost all towns were electrified, but electric lighting still had to reach the villages.
0 notes
Photo
Varna Electrification Region
After the end of World War I the electricity supply in Varna gradually returned to normal. Varna DPP (diesel power plant) operated from 7.00 till 12.00 at daytime and from sunset till midnight. Due to the small loads, only one machine ran in the morning, and both machines-at nighttime.
In 1922 the number of consumers amounted to 1873 with electric meters and 1730 without electric meters, or a total of 3603 consumers at town population of 43 000. These figures show that a large part of the population in Varna was not yet electrified-a situation typical of other electrified towns in Bulgaria. In 1930 a municipal lighting business enterprise was established in Varna. And in 1937 two small separate power plants were also commissioned-one on the Aqueduct from the Batova river, and the other at “Prince Boris” Factory, with a total capacity of 500 kW.
The electrical load increased quite rapidly, and in the evenings the generators voltage fell from 5000 V to 4500 V for covering the peak load. At the same time, the redemption time of the loan drawn by the enterprise for the first three diesel generators was prolonged-the debt to the bank amounted to 1 414 637 Leva and it was returned as late as 1949.
A fourth diesel generator set was also supplied, but its capacity was quite small-500 kW. The disputes whether a new thermal power plant should be constructed or elec-tricity should be supplied by Adree J.S.C.-Bourgas, went on. A special commission assigned to carry out thorough investigations, presented 3 options of development of Varna electricity supply, as follows:
I.Extension of the existing DPP;
II.Supply of electricity from Adree-Bourgas, through a 95 km 60 kV overhead transmission line;
III.Construction of a local thermal power plant.
Czechoslovashki Colben-Danek
The third option was recommended and approved. Through a tender procedure, at the first stage a 2200 kW unit was procured from Czechoslovashki Colben-Danek, Prague (1944), and after that-a second 5000 kW unit, so the total capacity became 7200 kW (10 000 hp). The Varna DPP became a large regional power plant for its time, in compliance with the decisions of the first general electrification plan of 1941.
The Varna Municipality received a loan from the Electrification Fund covering 30°/o of the resources initially needed for the construction of a new thermal power plant. Against that loan, the Municipality undertook the obligation to electrify six districts including the newly liberated Dobrudja (1940).
The civil works on the regional 20 kV overhead transmission lines to the value of 80 million Leva continued simultaneously with the Varna DPP construction. Their length reached 500 km, and sixty five 20/0.4 kV distribution transformers to the cost of 50 million Leva were connected to them.
Thus, by the end of World War II, the Varna electrification region recovered and almost all towns were electrified, but electric lighting still had to reach the villages.
0 notes
Photo
General Directorate of Electrification in Bulgaria
With a view to regional electrification, the General Directorate of Electrification in Bulgaria with the Ministry of Electrification, Waters and Natural Resources completed the construction of a 20 kV overhead transmission line: Varna-Provadia-Shoumen, thus in 1947 the two power plants were connected for electric power exchange.
Besides the electrification of towns and villages in the region, one of the high-priority objectives of the Shoumen electricity supply enterprise was the electrification of the water-supply pump stations in the dry Ludogorie region and in whole Dobrudja-9 districts as a whole by that time. By 1944, 85 settlements of the 157 planned were supplied with water.
Gorna Oryahovitsa Electrification Region
The Gorna Oryahovitsa Electrification Region was formed around a centre situated at the Gorna Oryahovitsa railway junction due to its geographical and infrastructure conditions. In that fertile and active region, a leading role in electrification was played by Gabrovo where a significant textile industry was developed at the beginning of the 20th century by followers of Racho the Blacksmith and Ivan Hadjiberov.
Several water syndicates (WS) were set up in that region: Malusha (1922), Gramadata (1926), Rositsa (1921), Yantra (1921), as well as joint-stock companies and cooperatives (Bedek, Videlina), and a dozen of industrial enterprises that intended to meet their own electricity demand, as well as to provide public power supply. The leading role in that respect belonged to Gramadata WS-Gabrovo. In 1926 it built a reliable diesel power plant of the same name with initial generator capacity of 166kW, 6kV, thus laying the beginning of the overall public power supply in Gabrovo. Only a few years later, a new 450 hp diesel engine was supplied to Gramadata DPP.
Several other electrical utilities were also built in the region: Malusha HPP with two units, 420 hp and 160 hp (1940], Batoshevo 1 HPP on the Rositsa river, 625 kW (1926), and Bedek TPP in Tryavna with unit capacities 600 kW (1931) and 2000 kW (1935), as well as a 60 kV overhead transmission line to Maritsa East 1 and 60/20 kV Gabrovo Substation (1945).
0 notes
Photo
General Directorate of Electrification in Bulgaria
With a view to regional electrification, the General Directorate of Electrification in Bulgaria with the Ministry of Electrification, Waters and Natural Resources completed the construction of a 20 kV overhead transmission line: Varna-Provadia-Shoumen, thus in 1947 the two power plants were connected for electric power exchange.
Besides the electrification of towns and villages in the region, one of the high-priority objectives of the Shoumen electricity supply enterprise was the electrification of the water-supply pump stations in the dry Ludogorie region and in whole Dobrudja-9 districts as a whole by that time. By 1944, 85 settlements of the 157 planned were supplied with water.
Gorna Oryahovitsa Electrification Region
The Gorna Oryahovitsa Electrification Region was formed around a centre situated at the Gorna Oryahovitsa railway junction due to its geographical and infrastructure conditions. In that fertile and active region, a leading role in electrification was played by Gabrovo where a significant textile industry was developed at the beginning of the 20th century by followers of Racho the Blacksmith and Ivan Hadjiberov.
Several water syndicates (WS) were set up in that region: Malusha (1922), Gramadata (1926), Rositsa (1921), Yantra (1921), as well as joint-stock companies and cooperatives (Bedek, Videlina), and a dozen of industrial enterprises that intended to meet their own electricity demand, as well as to provide public power supply. The leading role in that respect belonged to Gramadata WS-Gabrovo. In 1926 it built a reliable diesel power plant of the same name with initial generator capacity of 166kW, 6kV, thus laying the beginning of the overall public power supply in Gabrovo. Only a few years later, a new 450 hp diesel engine was supplied to Gramadata DPP.
Several other electrical utilities were also built in the region: Malusha HPP with two units, 420 hp and 160 hp (1940], Batoshevo 1 HPP on the Rositsa river, 625 kW (1926), and Bedek TPP in Tryavna with unit capacities 600 kW (1931) and 2000 kW (1935), as well as a 60 kV overhead transmission line to Maritsa East 1 and 60/20 kV Gabrovo Substation (1945).
0 notes
Photo
Secondary switching technology
During this period significant improvements were introduced in the primary and secondary switching technology of large 220, 400 and 750 kV supply substations. Up-to-date relay protection and automation were used.
High-voltage (110 kV) “deep penetration” was applied in the central regions of the large cities: Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna and Rousse, with a view to managing the larger electrical loads. For the purpose, 110 kV oil-filled cables were used, as well as dry cables with polyethylene insu-lation. 110/10-20 kV substations were built, with 110 kV metal-clad switchgears and SF6 insulation.
The cables used in MV and LV distribution networks had polyethylene insulation and PVC insulation.
By means of the 220 kV, 400 kV and 750 kV interconnection lines Bulgaria joined the Interconnected Power System of the Hast European countries controlled by the Dispatching Center in Prague.
Table 16 presents the development of electricity demand by economic branches for the period 1970-1989.
20 kV underground cable
Table 16: Development of electricity demand in various branches of the economy (1970-1989)
During the period reviewed here the share of industrial electricity demand decreased. This was due to the delayed construction of new energy-intensive industrial enterprises such as metallurgical and chemical works. On the other hand, the share of public service demand increased but was still low compared to that in the developed countries.
The absolute load maximum was reached in 1989 (12th December)-8332 MW, and the absolute load minimum- 3083 MW (on September 5th). The annual utilization ratio at maximum load was T=5841 h. The extreme load value ratio was 0.456 which shows a comparatively good load curve density.
After 1988 there was a general decrease in electricity demand due to the decrease of industrial production as a whole.
Considerable success was achieved in railway transport electrification covering 2640 km electrified railways in 1990, i.e. 61.4% of their total length. The relative share of electric traction in the total volume of cargo carriage reached 82.2%.
0 notes
Photo
Secondary switching technology
During this period significant improvements were introduced in the primary and secondary switching technology of large 220, 400 and 750 kV supply substations. Up-to-date relay protection and automation were used.
High-voltage (110 kV) “deep penetration” was applied in the central regions of the large cities: Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna and Rousse, with a view to managing the larger electrical loads. For the purpose, 110 kV oil-filled cables were used, as well as dry cables with polyethylene insu-lation. 110/10-20 kV substations were built, with 110 kV metal-clad switchgears and SF6 insulation.
The cables used in MV and LV distribution networks had polyethylene insulation and PVC insulation.
By means of the 220 kV, 400 kV and 750 kV interconnection lines Bulgaria joined the Interconnected Power System of the Hast European countries controlled by the Dispatching Center in Prague.
Table 16 presents the development of electricity demand by economic branches for the period 1970-1989.
20 kV underground cable
Table 16: Development of electricity demand in various branches of the economy (1970-1989)
During the period reviewed here the share of industrial electricity demand decreased. This was due to the delayed construction of new energy-intensive industrial enterprises such as metallurgical and chemical works. On the other hand, the share of public service demand increased but was still low compared to that in the developed countries.
The absolute load maximum was reached in 1989 (12th December)-8332 MW, and the absolute load minimum- 3083 MW (on September 5th). The annual utilization ratio at maximum load was T=5841 h. The extreme load value ratio was 0.456 which shows a comparatively good load curve density.
After 1988 there was a general decrease in electricity demand due to the decrease of industrial production as a whole.
Considerable success was achieved in railway transport electrification covering 2640 km electrified railways in 1990, i.e. 61.4% of their total length. The relative share of electric traction in the total volume of cargo carriage reached 82.2%.
0 notes
Photo
Secondary switching technology
During this period significant improvements were introduced in the primary and secondary switching technology of large 220, 400 and 750 kV supply substations. Up-to-date relay protection and automation were used.
High-voltage (110 kV) “deep penetration” was applied in the central regions of the large cities: Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna and Rousse, with a view to managing the larger electrical loads. For the purpose, 110 kV oil-filled cables were used, as well as dry cables with polyethylene insu-lation. 110/10-20 kV substations were built, with 110 kV metal-clad switchgears and SF6 insulation.
The cables used in MV and LV distribution networks had polyethylene insulation and PVC insulation.
By means of the 220 kV, 400 kV and 750 kV interconnection lines Bulgaria joined the Interconnected Power System of the Hast European countries controlled by the Dispatching Center in Prague.
Table 16 presents the development of electricity demand by economic branches for the period 1970-1989.
20 kV underground cable
Table 16: Development of electricity demand in various branches of the economy (1970-1989)
During the period reviewed here the share of industrial electricity demand decreased. This was due to the delayed construction of new energy-intensive industrial enterprises such as metallurgical and chemical works. On the other hand, the share of public service demand increased but was still low compared to that in the developed countries.
The absolute load maximum was reached in 1989 (12th December)-8332 MW, and the absolute load minimum- 3083 MW (on September 5th). The annual utilization ratio at maximum load was T=5841 h. The extreme load value ratio was 0.456 which shows a comparatively good load curve density.
After 1988 there was a general decrease in electricity demand due to the decrease of industrial production as a whole.
Considerable success was achieved in railway transport electrification covering 2640 km electrified railways in 1990, i.e. 61.4% of their total length. The relative share of electric traction in the total volume of cargo carriage reached 82.2%.
0 notes
Photo
General Directorate of Electrification in Bulgaria
With a view to regional electrification, the General Directorate of Electrification in Bulgaria with the Ministry of Electrification, Waters and Natural Resources completed the construction of a 20 kV overhead transmission line: Varna-Provadia-Shoumen, thus in 1947 the two power plants were connected for electric power exchange.
Besides the electrification of towns and villages in the region, one of the high-priority objectives of the Shoumen electricity supply enterprise was the electrification of the water-supply pump stations in the dry Ludogorie region and in whole Dobrudja-9 districts as a whole by that time. By 1944, 85 settlements of the 157 planned were supplied with water.
Gorna Oryahovitsa Electrification Region
The Gorna Oryahovitsa Electrification Region was formed around a centre situated at the Gorna Oryahovitsa railway junction due to its geographical and infrastructure conditions. In that fertile and active region, a leading role in electrification was played by Gabrovo where a significant textile industry was developed at the beginning of the 20th century by followers of Racho the Blacksmith and Ivan Hadjiberov.
Several water syndicates (WS) were set up in that region: Malusha (1922), Gramadata (1926), Rositsa (1921), Yantra (1921), as well as joint-stock companies and cooperatives (Bedek, Videlina), and a dozen of industrial enterprises that intended to meet their own electricity demand, as well as to provide public power supply. The leading role in that respect belonged to Gramadata WS-Gabrovo. In 1926 it built a reliable diesel power plant of the same name with initial generator capacity of 166kW, 6kV, thus laying the beginning of the overall public power supply in Gabrovo. Only a few years later, a new 450 hp diesel engine was supplied to Gramadata DPP.
Several other electrical utilities were also built in the region: Malusha HPP with two units, 420 hp and 160 hp (1940], Batoshevo 1 HPP on the Rositsa river, 625 kW (1926), and Bedek TPP in Tryavna with unit capacities 600 kW (1931) and 2000 kW (1935), as well as a 60 kV overhead transmission line to Maritsa East 1 and 60/20 kV Gabrovo Substation (1945).
0 notes
Photo
General Directorate of Electrification in Bulgaria
With a view to regional electrification, the General Directorate of Electrification in Bulgaria with the Ministry of Electrification, Waters and Natural Resources completed the construction of a 20 kV overhead transmission line: Varna-Provadia-Shoumen, thus in 1947 the two power plants were connected for electric power exchange.
Besides the electrification of towns and villages in the region, one of the high-priority objectives of the Shoumen electricity supply enterprise was the electrification of the water-supply pump stations in the dry Ludogorie region and in whole Dobrudja-9 districts as a whole by that time. By 1944, 85 settlements of the 157 planned were supplied with water.
Gorna Oryahovitsa Electrification Region
The Gorna Oryahovitsa Electrification Region was formed around a centre situated at the Gorna Oryahovitsa railway junction due to its geographical and infrastructure conditions. In that fertile and active region, a leading role in electrification was played by Gabrovo where a significant textile industry was developed at the beginning of the 20th century by followers of Racho the Blacksmith and Ivan Hadjiberov.
Several water syndicates (WS) were set up in that region: Malusha (1922), Gramadata (1926), Rositsa (1921), Yantra (1921), as well as joint-stock companies and cooperatives (Bedek, Videlina), and a dozen of industrial enterprises that intended to meet their own electricity demand, as well as to provide public power supply. The leading role in that respect belonged to Gramadata WS-Gabrovo. In 1926 it built a reliable diesel power plant of the same name with initial generator capacity of 166kW, 6kV, thus laying the beginning of the overall public power supply in Gabrovo. Only a few years later, a new 450 hp diesel engine was supplied to Gramadata DPP.
Several other electrical utilities were also built in the region: Malusha HPP with two units, 420 hp and 160 hp (1940], Batoshevo 1 HPP on the Rositsa river, 625 kW (1926), and Bedek TPP in Tryavna with unit capacities 600 kW (1931) and 2000 kW (1935), as well as a 60 kV overhead transmission line to Maritsa East 1 and 60/20 kV Gabrovo Substation (1945).
0 notes
Photo
Secondary switching technology
During this period significant improvements were introduced in the primary and secondary switching technology of large 220, 400 and 750 kV supply substations. Up-to-date relay protection and automation were used.
High-voltage (110 kV) “deep penetration” was applied in the central regions of the large cities: Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna and Rousse, with a view to managing the larger electrical loads. For the purpose, 110 kV oil-filled cables were used, as well as dry cables with polyethylene insu-lation. 110/10-20 kV substations were built, with 110 kV metal-clad switchgears and SF6 insulation.
The cables used in MV and LV distribution networks had polyethylene insulation and PVC insulation.
By means of the 220 kV, 400 kV and 750 kV interconnection lines Bulgaria joined the Interconnected Power System of the Hast European countries controlled by the Dispatching Center in Prague.
Table 16 presents the development of electricity demand by economic branches for the period 1970-1989.
20 kV underground cable
Table 16: Development of electricity demand in various branches of the economy (1970-1989)
During the period reviewed here the share of industrial electricity demand decreased. This was due to the delayed construction of new energy-intensive industrial enterprises such as metallurgical and chemical works. On the other hand, the share of public service demand increased but was still low compared to that in the developed countries.
The absolute load maximum was reached in 1989 (12th December)-8332 MW, and the absolute load minimum- 3083 MW (on September 5th). The annual utilization ratio at maximum load was T=5841 h. The extreme load value ratio was 0.456 which shows a comparatively good load curve density.
After 1988 there was a general decrease in electricity demand due to the decrease of industrial production as a whole.
Considerable success was achieved in railway transport electrification covering 2640 km electrified railways in 1990, i.e. 61.4% of their total length. The relative share of electric traction in the total volume of cargo carriage reached 82.2%.
0 notes
Photo
General Directorate of Electrification in Bulgaria
With a view to regional electrification, the General Directorate of Electrification in Bulgaria with the Ministry of Electrification, Waters and Natural Resources completed the construction of a 20 kV overhead transmission line: Varna-Provadia-Shoumen, thus in 1947 the two power plants were connected for electric power exchange.
Besides the electrification of towns and villages in the region, one of the high-priority objectives of the Shoumen electricity supply enterprise was the electrification of the water-supply pump stations in the dry Ludogorie region and in whole Dobrudja-9 districts as a whole by that time. By 1944, 85 settlements of the 157 planned were supplied with water.
Gorna Oryahovitsa Electrification Region
The Gorna Oryahovitsa Electrification Region was formed around a centre situated at the Gorna Oryahovitsa railway junction due to its geographical and infrastructure conditions. In that fertile and active region, a leading role in electrification was played by Gabrovo where a significant textile industry was developed at the beginning of the 20th century by followers of Racho the Blacksmith and Ivan Hadjiberov.
Several water syndicates (WS) were set up in that region: Malusha (1922), Gramadata (1926), Rositsa (1921), Yantra (1921), as well as joint-stock companies and cooperatives (Bedek, Videlina), and a dozen of industrial enterprises that intended to meet their own electricity demand, as well as to provide public power supply. The leading role in that respect belonged to Gramadata WS-Gabrovo. In 1926 it built a reliable diesel power plant of the same name with initial generator capacity of 166kW, 6kV, thus laying the beginning of the overall public power supply in Gabrovo. Only a few years later, a new 450 hp diesel engine was supplied to Gramadata DPP.
Several other electrical utilities were also built in the region: Malusha HPP with two units, 420 hp and 160 hp (1940], Batoshevo 1 HPP on the Rositsa river, 625 kW (1926), and Bedek TPP in Tryavna with unit capacities 600 kW (1931) and 2000 kW (1935), as well as a 60 kV overhead transmission line to Maritsa East 1 and 60/20 kV Gabrovo Substation (1945).
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Secondary switching technology
During this period significant improvements were introduced in the primary and secondary switching technology of large 220, 400 and 750 kV supply substations. Up-to-date relay protection and automation were used.
High-voltage (110 kV) “deep penetration” was applied in the central regions of the large cities: Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna and Rousse, with a view to managing the larger electrical loads. For the purpose, 110 kV oil-filled cables were used, as well as dry cables with polyethylene insu-lation. 110/10-20 kV substations were built, with 110 kV metal-clad switchgears and SF6 insulation.
The cables used in MV and LV distribution networks had polyethylene insulation and PVC insulation.
By means of the 220 kV, 400 kV and 750 kV interconnection lines Bulgaria joined the Interconnected Power System of the Hast European countries controlled by the Dispatching Center in Prague.
Table 16 presents the development of electricity demand by economic branches for the period 1970-1989.
20 kV underground cable
Table 16: Development of electricity demand in various branches of the economy (1970-1989)
During the period reviewed here the share of industrial electricity demand decreased. This was due to the delayed construction of new energy-intensive industrial enterprises such as metallurgical and chemical works. On the other hand, the share of public service demand increased but was still low compared to that in the developed countries.
The absolute load maximum was reached in 1989 (12th December)-8332 MW, and the absolute load minimum- 3083 MW (on September 5th). The annual utilization ratio at maximum load was T=5841 h. The extreme load value ratio was 0.456 which shows a comparatively good load curve density.
After 1988 there was a general decrease in electricity demand due to the decrease of industrial production as a whole.
Considerable success was achieved in railway transport electrification covering 2640 km electrified railways in 1990, i.e. 61.4% of their total length. The relative share of electric traction in the total volume of cargo carriage reached 82.2%.
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