#akiko iwasaki

[pandemic-info]

Video of Long COVID researchers responding that yes, they still mask indoors, primarily because they don't want LC.

https://twitter.com/loscharlos/status/1736650867875409941

If the smartest minds studying this condition are “wearing a mask because they are concerned about developing #LongCovid” — don’t pretend you know better than them. Just acknowledge you’re OK rolling the dice.

[pandemichub]

[myalgicencephalomyelitiscfstom]

(Please share widely on and off Tumblr)

From Putrino Lab @PutrinoLab today:

A reminder that if you live within 50 miles of NYC and you have a PRE-2020 ME/CFS diagnosis, then @VirusesImmunity

and I NEED your help! If you have difficulty traveling we will come to you. Please help us to hit our recruitment goals if you can! ---

Prof. Akiko Iwasaki is involved in this research. She just quoted this on Twitter/X saying: Please help spread the word about our #MECFS study with @PutrinoLab 👇🏼 thank you 🙏🏼

---

Post-Viral Trials News @postviraltrials quote tweeted it saying: David is underselling the benefits of participating – they give you microclot and platelet imaging and impressions! Here are mine:

https://x.com/postviraltrials/status/1774908103307198667?s=20

[intelligentchristianlady]

Sad but true

[mercurialkitty]

Scientists Offer a New Explanation for Long Covid (NYT)

"A team of scientists is proposing a new explanation for some cases of long Covid, based on their findings that serotonin levels were lower in people with the complex condition."

By Pam Belluck

Oct. 16, 2023

The News

A team of scientists is proposing a new explanation for some cases of long Covid, based on their findings that serotonin levels were lower in people with the complex condition.

In their study, published on Monday in the journal Cell, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania suggest that serotonin reduction is triggered by remnants of the virus lingering in the gut. Depleted serotonin could especially explain memory problems and some neurological and cognitive symptoms of long Covid, they say.

Why It Matters: New ways to diagnose and treat long Covid.

This is one of several new studies documenting distinct biological changes in the bodies of people with long Covid — offering important discoveries for a condition that takes many forms and often does not register on standard diagnostic tools like X-rays.

The research could point the way toward possible treatments, including medications that boost serotonin. And the authors said the biological pathway that their research outlines could unite many of the major theories of what causes long Covid: lingering remnants of the virus, inflammation, increased blood clotting and dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system.

“All these different hypotheses might be connected through the serotonin pathway,” said Christoph Thaiss, a lead author of the study and an assistant professor of microbiology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.

“Second of all, even if not everybody experiences difficulties in the serotonin pathway, at least a subset might respond to therapies that activate this pathway,” he said.

“This is an excellent study that identifies lower levels of circulating serotonin as a mechanism for long Covid,” said Akiko Iwasaki, an immunologist at Yale University. Her team and colleagues at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai recently published a study that identified other biological changes linked to some cases of long Covid, including levels of the hormone cortisol. These studies could point to specific subtypes of long Covid or different biological indicators at different points in the condition.

The Back Story: A series of disruptions set off by bits of virus in the gut.

Researchers analyzed the blood of 58 patients who had been experiencing long Covid for between three months and 22 months since their infection. Those results were compared to blood analysis of 30 people with no post-Covid symptoms and 60 patients who were in the early, acute stage of coronavirus infection.

Maayan Levy, a lead author and assistant professor of microbiology at the Perelman School of Medicine, said levels of serotonin and other metabolites were altered right after a coronavirus infection, something that also happens immediately after other viral infections.

But in people with long Covid, serotonin was the only significant molecule that did not recover to pre-infection levels, she said.

The team analyzed stool samples from some of the long Covid patients and found that they contained remaining viral particles. Putting the findings in patients together with research on mice and miniature models of the human gut, where most serotonin is produced, the team identified a pathway that could underlie some cases of long Covid.

Here’s the idea: Viral remnants prompt the immune system to produce infection-fighting proteins called interferons. Interferons cause inflammation that reduces the body’s ability to absorb tryptophan, an amino acid that helps produce serotonin in the gut. Blood clots that can form after a coronavirus infection may impair the body’s ability to circulate serotonin.

Depleted serotonin disrupts the vagus nerve system, which transmits signals between the body and the brain, the researchers said. Serotonin plays a role in short-term memory, and the researchers proposed that depleted serotonin could lead to memory problems and other cognitive issues that many people with long Covid experience.

“They showed that one-two-three punch to the serotonin pathway then leads to vagal nerve dysfunction and memory impairment,” Dr. Iwasaki said.

There are caveats. The study was not large, so the findings need to be confirmed with other research. Participants in some other long Covid studies, in which some patients had milder symptoms, did not always show depleted serotonin, a result that Dr. Levy said might indicate that depletion happened only in people whose long Covid involves multiple serious symptoms.

What’s Next: A clinical trial of Prozac.

Scientists want to find biomarkers for long Covid — biological changes that can be measured to help diagnose the condition. Dr. Thaiss said the new study suggested three: the presence of viral remnants in stool, low serotonin and high levels of interferons.

Most experts believe that there will not be a single biomarker for the condition, but that several indicators will emerge and might vary, based on the type of symptoms and other factors.

There is tremendous need for effective ways to treat long Covid, and clinical trials of several treatments are underway. Dr. Levy and Dr. Thaiss said they would be starting a clinical trial to test fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor often marketed as Prozac, and possibly also tryptophan.

“If we supplement serotonin or prevent the degradation of serotonin, maybe we can restore some of the vagal signals and improve memory and cognition and so on,” Dr. Levy said.

[miss-miaumiau]

TAG GAME - FAVOURITES

Colours

black, grey pastel black, bordeaux, purple, violet, navy, teal, dark green, antique silver, antique gold

Gemstones

emerald, malachite, lapislazuli, amethyst, ruby, garnet, rose-quartz, moonstone, opal, amber

Flowers

rose, lily, lavander, orchids, sunflower

Animals

felines, wolves, spitz dogs, birds of prey, corvides, cetaceans, cephalopods, tube worms, tardigrades

Mythical Creatures

Ainur, Elves, Sphinxes, Phoenixes, Mermaids

Food

asian & mediterranean cuisine, spicy food

Beverage

still water, tea (preferably green), coconut juice

Music

Don’t take the listed “genres” too seriously. All those categories, sub-categories and sub-sub-categories seem quite redundant to me - imho, they’re just unnecessarily confusing … but, then again, I’m no music-nerd, after all.

Actually, there is just “Like” or “Don’t Like”, but this list might give you an idea:

Medieval, Renaissance & “Classical”

Walther von der Vogelweide, Guillaume de Machaut, Cantigas, John Dowland,Mozart, Beethoven, Bach, Vivaldi, Rachmaninov, Tschaikovsky, Smetana, Schubert, Chopin, Rossini, Wagner, Sissel Kyrkjebo, Hayley Westenra, Sarah Brightman, Sumi Jo, Vanessa Mae, Thomas Bergersen, Two Steps from Hell, Audiomachine, Howard Shore, Soundtracks, …

(Neo-)Folk

Joan Baez, Esther Ofarim, Ofra Haza, Loreena McKennit, Nolwenn Leroy, Eivør Pálsdóttir, Gudrid Hansdóttir, Cecile Corbel, Enya, Celtic Women, Blackmore’s Night, Versengold, Sumerluft, Annwn, Anois, Garmarna, Arany Zoltan, Noel McLoughlin, Luc Arbogast, Patty Gurdy, Psalteria, Estampie, Dead Can Dance, Faun, Omnia, Skáld, Wardruna, Heilung, Vàli, In Gowan Ring, Hagalaz’ Runedance, Sonne Hagal, Of the Wand & the Moon, Gae Bolg & the Church of Fand, …

“Goth”

Sopor Aeternus, Helium Vola, Qntal, Dargaard, Arcana, Artésia, Ataraxia, Die Verbannten Kinder Evas, Trobar De Morte, Triarii, Wolfsheim, Deine Lakaien, Faith & the Muse, In my Rosary, Kirlian Camera, The Frozen Autumn, The Crüxshadows, VNV Nation, Siouxsie & the Banshees, Joy Division, The Cure, Clan of Xymox, The Sisters of Mercy, AlienSexFiend, Bauhaus, Lene Lovich, Depeche Mode, …

Metal & Rock

Van Canto, Blind Guardian, Rhapsody, Wisdom, Therion, Nightwish, Edenbridge, Within Temptation, Apocalyptica, Equilibrium, Kamelot, Sabaton, Finntroll, Dimmu Borgir, Ghost, Metallica, HIM, The 69 Eyes, Mono Inc, Subway to Sally, Evanescence, Garbage, Muse, …

Other

Kanon Wakeshima, The Brilliant Green, Onmyou-za, Rin’, Kalafina, Yuki Kajiura, Akiko Shikata, Kokia, Alan Dawa Dolma, Malukah, ShadowCa7, Erutan, Alina Gingertail, Karliene, Peter Hollens, Andra Ariadna, Minniva, Aurora, Lana Del Rey, Cher, The Doors, The Beatles, The Seekers, ABBA, ...

Literature

Fantasy & Sci-Fi

J.R.R. Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, The Silmarillion, Unfinished Tales, etc.

M.Z. Bradley’s Avalon-Novels & Firebrand

J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter

Medieval & Antique Literature, Myth & Folklore

Ovid’s Metamorphoses

The Edda

Nibelungenlied

works of Walther von der Vogelweide

Arthurian Romances (like Erec, Iwein, Parzival, etc.)

Gregorius

Aeneasroman

Iliad & Odyssee

Murasaki Shikibu’s “Genji Monogatari” (the language is really beautiful, but I can’t stand the protagonist)

some Classics

Pride & Prejudice

Wuthering Heights

The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Famous Moll Flanders

The Picture of Dorian Grey

Dracula

Faust I+II

Macbeth

The Life and Opinions of Tomcat Murr

works of the Brothers Grimm

Siddharta

some "regular" novels

Paulo Coelho’s “The Alchemist”, “Brida”

Nobara Takemoto’s “Shimotsuma Monogatari”

some fanfiction

“Father’s Heart” & “Process of Elimination” by Fern Withy

“Antiquity’s Corollary” by gonnabefamous

biographical books

Mineko Iwasaki’s “Geisha of Gion”

Paramahansa Yogananda’s “Autobiography of a Yogi”

Baird T. Spalding’s “Life and Teachings of the Masters of the East”

interesting non-fiction

such as science-related books / websites

those of a more metaphysical & occult subject matter

or those about more controversial topics, such as Extraterrestrials, so-called “conspiracy theories”, and the like (Problem!? Your loss. I don’t see why I shouldn’t look into these topics. It certainly is interesting, and it’s quite arrogant to assume we have it all figured out. Besides, no one says you have to believe anything you read, but it sure can’t hurt to approach things with a more open mind, and to just look where evidence leads us, when it presents itself.)

~*~

I'm tagging:

@aikoiya, @monkey-li, @mikeilo & @chattegeorgiana

[thebrokencrescent-blog]

📆 13 Sep 2021 📰 What We Know About Breakthrough Infections And Long COVID 🗞️ NPR

Like millions of others, Kathleen Hipps thought she was safe from COVID-19 after she got two shots of the Moderna vaccine last spring. So she figured she just had a summer cold when she got the sniffles in July. But then she opened some Vick's VapoRub.

"Anyone who's ever smelled Vick's VapoRub knows how pungent of a smell it is. And I couldn't smell it. And that's how I knew I had COVID," says Hipps, 40, a Los Angeles lawyer who has two young sons.

And sure enough, Hipps tested positive. "I got very sick. I was very tired, very congested — could barely get out of bed. I couldn't work at all. I had to find colleagues to cover my work for me. And I just spent the next week basically in bed, completely isolated from my family," she says.

Hipps never ran a fever, though, and did not have bad head or body aches. She started feeling better after about a week, tested negative and went back to working from home and caring for her family. She thought she was fully recovered.

"And I was in my mom's new car and all of a sudden I felt burning. And I thought there was something wrong with her car," she says.

Wherever she moved her foot, she could still feel the burning sensation. And then her other foot started burning too. It felt like she was walking on hot coals, she says.

"I've learned that this is neuropathy, and this a common symptom of long COVID," Hipps says.

Some infectious disease experts remain highly skeptical that long COVID from breakthrough infections is a big problem.

"Pathophysiologically, it's quite unlikely to get long COVID from a breakthrough infection," says Dr. Monica Gandhi, an infectious disease researcher at the University of California, San Francisco.

That's because the immune response generated by the vaccine would prevent the virus from taking hold in the body or triggering a harmful overreaction by the immune system, Gandhi says.

"I think it is absolutely not impossible, but pathophysiologically it is less likely," she says.

... with Akiko Iwasaki, an immunologist at Yale University, to try to understand how breakthrough infections can lead to persistent symptoms.

"We know that the vaccine induces a robust immune response to quickly clear the virus during breakthrough infections," Iwasaki says. "And that suggests to me that autoimmunity may be the culprit there."

[pinkie-satan]

I was tagged by @muninnhuginn, thank you so much! 💜🌟

Rules: you can usually tell a lot about a person by the type of music they listen to. put your playlist on shuffle and list the first 10 songs, and then tag 10 people. no skipping!

I have so many different playlists, I didn't know which one to pick so picked two of the most random ones (one calm and one not so calm hahah) 🎪

🎵 You-Destructive by Dai

🎵 Kina no Kaori Ai no Siren by Luck Ganriki

🎵 awake (aka the pillar man theme) by Taku Iwasaki

🎵 anata ga umareta hi by Dai

🎵 1985 by Bowling For Soup

🎵 Katayoku no tori by Shikata Akiko

🎵 Gór mi mało by Dom O Zielonych Progach

🎵 BLUE by Mai Yaname

🎵 Won (*3*) Chu Kiss Me! by cast of Sakura Trick anime

🎵 Symphony No. 4 in A Major, Op. 90, MWV N16 Italian I Allegro vivace by Felix Mendelssohn

I know, looots of anime music (especially When They Cry)

Tagging: @alaiyoooon @arocinema @bismuthwisdom @malleusiwo @defonotacat @witch-of-illusions @autistpus @vampiregirlfriendwitch @moonwavedragon @hoshiko2000 (hope you all don't mind! sorry to bother you)

[puravibenamastes-blog]

Akiko Iwasaki, imunologista de Yale, é eleita uma das 100 pessoas mais influentes pela revista Time

A imunologista e professora da Universidade de Yale, Akiko Iwasaki, foi eleita uma das 100 pessoas mais influentes do mundo, segundo a revista Time. Leia mais (04/25/2024 – 07h00) Artigo Folha de S.Paulo – Equilíbrio e Saúde – Principal Pulicado em https://ift.tt/ypD4E7P

[ramtracking]

Time's '100 Most Influential' list features a pair of Yale professors [ Astronomy ]

Time’s ‘100 Most Influential’ list features a pair of Yale professors [Highlights] Akiko Iwasaki and Priyamvada Natarajan are part of 2024’s Time 100, a list that includes leaders of government, the arts, athletics,… Time magazine has named Priyamvada Natarajan, an Indian-origin astronomer as one of the 100 most influential people of 2024. Theoretical astrophysicist Priyamvada Natarajan was…

[pandemic-info]

https://twitter.com/coffeeteanxiety/status/1736750299551826127 I’ll stop masking when the world’s leading researchers on Long C0vid do. Prof. Akiko Iwasaki: "I'm still wearing my 😷 everywhere." Michael Peluso, MD: "I'm very strict, actually, about 😷." Ziyad Ai-Aly, MD: "Yes, primarily because of Long C0vid. I don't want Long C0vid."

+

https://twitter.com/sri_srikrishna/status/1736460422499459115 Full of DEEP INSIGHTS ABOUT LONG COVID. At 1:01:15, panelists were asked if they continue to be covid-cautious by wearing masks 😷(even though many at infectious disease conferences no longer do), all three nodded yes with a smile 😃 and they MASK TO AVOID LONG COVID

[olena]

Read: The imminent BA.5 vaccine booster - by Eric Topol

Excellent, helpful post. Excerpts:

Each year the flu vaccine quadrivalent program is updated using mice data, so there’s certainly a precedent for using such data. ... But there’s a concern that it’s not so easy to extrapolate mouse to human for SARS-CoV-2, a virus that’s quite different than influenza.

A substantial proportion of people have had 3 or 4 shots of the original vaccine, so there’s the potential for imprinting—that is a preferential revving up of the immune response to what a person was originally exposed to. ... both Pfizer and Moderna shots are bivalent, whereas the monovalent would be expected to be better, not further inducing an immune response to the obsolete ancestral strain ...

The problem we have now are “leaky” vaccines, that is the substantially lessened protection from infection and transmission from pre-Omicron. This is central now and must be addressed if containment of the virus is going to be achieved. ...

Recall that with the ancestral strain of the virus through Delta, we had remarkable >90% protection vs symptomatic infections out to at least 4+ months (with a booster), but that all changed once Omicron hit. The Omicron lineages may have evolved to such an extent that shots, no matter how well matched to the spike protein, will not restore the very high level of what we saw vs the original version of the virus.

[Bold above is what a lot of people appear not to understand about our present situation. Some take a “I got the vaccine, I’m done” stance that was fine ~ mid 2021 but is no longer valid due to these evolutions. Now it’s extremely disappointing that with so little protection, govts and other leadership have completely given up on the other layers that can help people stay safe and avoid debilitating outcomes.]

I still believe the best bet for tackling the infection and transmission challenge is going after a nasal vaccine, which Akiko Iwasaki and I recently wrote about and what we called Operation Nasal Vaccine. That would directly address the problem and we will soon have the readout of efficacy from the first major trial of 4,000 participants, with many more to come in the months ahead ... They target mucosal immunity, which we have learned is not likely to be attainable via shots.

The Public Perception

A separate (but interdependent) issue from the uncertainties of efficacy is that of public trust. If the new booster campaign is seen as a “rush job” and concerns are heightened that the data is based only from mice, that will certainly not enhance uptake. Framing this further, we have a serious booster lack of uptake in the United States, with only 32% of the population having had any booster shot. That compares quite poorly to our peer countries that are all at least double that rate. The messaging from CDC about boosters—which should be mission critical— was delayed from the get go in the Fall of 2021, and has never gotten on track. For me, it has been the standout disappointment of our CDC’s management of the pandemic, not duly emphasizing the lifesaving benefits (no less reduction of hospitalizations and potential reduction of Long Covid) of boosters (first and second shots) where there is an extraordinary body of evidence to support their need. ...

...this is the last free vaccine that will be distributed by the US government, as the funds have run out and subsequent vaccines, boosters and drugs will be have to be defrayed by other means.

 What to Do?

We’ll know much more about the BA.5 bivalent booster in the weeks after the program is launched. Many people will be perfectly comfortable going ahead to get this booster right away and are unconcerned about some of the points I’ve raised. That’s fine. They are quite likely to derive benefit. I am nearly 8 months out from my 4th shot, but will wait to see some data before getting it. Maybe I’m a bit too conservative, maybe too data-driven for my own good.

Most importantly, we need to achieve containment of the virus once and for all, and should not rely only on just the BA.5 booster. The prospects for an effective nasal vaccine are bright. ... This isn’t influenza, for which a vaccine has never had anywhere close to 95% efficacy ... This virus, despite its relentless evolution, has been shown to be more vulnerable. ...

We’ve endured what will soon be 3 years, have seen millions of deaths, and likely at least 10X the number of people suffering Long Covid. We should pull out all the stops to get ahead of the virus, which includes blocking infections and transmission. Perhaps the aggressiveness of the imminent roll out the BA.5 vaccine reflects a new attitude,  which is good. But that’s just one dimension of the efforts that can and should be pursued to prevail. 

[eurekadiario]

Revelan por qué algunos sufrieron miocarditis tras vacunarse del COVID

Se denomina miocarditis a la inflamación del tejido muscular del corazón o miocardio y es una afección que puede interferir en las funciones de este órgano y disminuir su capacidad para bombear la sangre y provocar síntomas como dolor de pecho, arritmias (ritmo cardíaco rápido e irregular) y sensación de falta de aire. Después de que comenzara la vacunación contra el COVID-19 se observó un incremento en los casos de miocarditis, especialmente entre varones adolescentes y jóvenes que habían recibido las vacunas de ARNm.

De hecho, en julio de 2021 la Agencia Europea del Medicamento (EMA) recomendó incluir la miocarditis y la pericarditis como efectos secundarios de las vacunas ARNm de Pfizer y Moderna, aunque especificando que esto solo ocurría en casos muy raros. Sin embargo, se desconocía qué era lo que desencadenaba esta reacción adversa, pero ahora un equipo de investigadores de la Universidad de Yale ha identificado la firma inmune de estos casos de inflamación del corazón.

Los investigadores han publicado las conclusiones de su estudio en la revista Science Immunology y descartan algunas de las teóricas causas de la inflamación del corazón, además de sugerir potenciales formas de reducir todavía más este infrecuente efecto secundario de las vacunas contra el coronavirus.

Más riesgo de miocarditis en no vacunados que contraen el COVID

Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) de Estados Unidos detectaron que alrededor de 22 a 36 de cada 100.000 varones de 12 a 17 años experimentaron miocarditis dentro de los 21 días posteriores a recibir una segunda dosis de vacuna del tipo ARNm, que fueron diseñadas para generar respuestas inmunitarias específicamente contra el SARS-CoV-2. La incidencia de miocarditis entre los hombres no vacunados de este grupo de edad fue de 50,1 a 64,9 casos por 100.000 después de la infección por este coronavirus.

“Espero que este nuevo conocimiento permita optimizar aún más las vacunas de ARNm, que tienen un tremendo potencial para salvar vidas en numerosas aplicaciones futuras”

Los científicos de Yale realizaron un exhaustivo análisis de las respuestas del sistema inmunitario en esos raros casos de miocarditis entre las personas vacunadas y comprobaron que la inflamación del corazón no fue causada por los anticuerpos generados por la vacuna, sino por una respuesta más generalizada en la que estuvieron implicadas las células inmunitarias y la inflamación.

“Los sistemas inmunológicos de estas personas se aceleran demasiado y producen respuestas celulares y de citoquinas en exceso”, ha explicado Carrie Lucas, profesora asociada de inmunobiología y una de las directoras del equipo, junto a Akiko Iwasaki, profesora de inmunobiología, e Inci Yildirim, profesora asociada de pediatría y epidemiología en Yale.

Investigaciones previas habían sugerido que aumentar el tiempo entre las dosis de las vacunas de cuatro a ocho semanas podría disminuir el riesgo de desarrollar miocarditis. Lucas ha explicado que de acuerdo con los hallazgos de los CDC el riesgo de miocarditis es significativamente mayor en las personas no vacunadas que se infectan con el SARS-CoV-2 que en las que reciben las vacunas y ha destacado que la vacunación ofrece la mejor protección contra las enfermedades relacionadas con la COVID-19.

“Espero que este nuevo conocimiento permita optimizar aún más las vacunas de ARNm que, además de ofrecer claros beneficios para la salud durante la pandemia, tienen un tremendo potencial para salvar vidas en numerosas aplicaciones futuras”, concluye el Dr. Anis Barmada, estudiante de la Facultad de Medicina de Yale, que es coautor del artículo con el Dr. Jon Klein, que también es alumno del centro.

[myalgicencephalomyelitiscfstom]

For people in or near New York City (or who can get there)

Looks like an opportunity that is worth highlighting widely @VirusesImmunity = Prof. Akiko Iwasaki

[longhaulerbear]

The authors were excited enough about the WASF3 finding to dig deeper and ultimately add substantial insights into the role WASF3 plays in the mitochondria. Its ability to disrupt the mitochondrial enzyme supercomplexes in ME/CFS was notable because genetic conditions that inhibit these supercomplexes are characterized by, you guessed it, exercise intolerance. The authors even proposed that high WASF3 levels in the brain may be contributing to mitochondrial problems and brain fog in ME/CFS.

This saga – which came together because of an (undiagnosed) ME/CFS patient in a cancer study and an obscure paper that came out of a novel and exploratory effort 15 years ago – demonstrates how serendipity can strike in the medical world.

Akiko Iwasaki, an immunobiologist at Yale School of Medicine told Science that the study was “very well done”. She cautioned that the suspect protein is likely “a piece of the puzzle, as opposed to explaining the whole disease” and could act as one of several “middlemen” between whatever sparks the illness and symptoms such as fatigue.

She’s probably right given the many other indications (disrupted autophagy, reduced fatty acid metabolism, high levels of intracellular calcium, complex V dysregulation, HHV-6 reactivation/mitochondrial fragmentation, citrate synthase deficiency, inborn errors of metabolism) that the mitochondria are involved in ME/CFS. What we really need is a full-court press on the mitochondria.

[nedsecondline]

Immunologist Akiko Iwasaki: ‘We are not done with Covid, not even close’ | Long Covid | The Guardian

The Yale professor and long Covid expert on why the virus is causing ongoing illness for so many, and the challenges she faces as a woman of colour in science — Read on www.theguardian.com/society/2023/may/27/immunologist-akiko-iwasaki-we-are-not-done-with-covid-not-even-close