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yourreddancer · 2 years

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Heather Cox Richardson

August 27, 2022 (Saturday)

In a speech Thursday night, President Joe Biden called out today’s MAGA Republicans for threatening “our personal rights and economic security…. They’re a threat to our very democracy.” When he referred to them as “semi-fascists,” he drew headlines, some of them disapproving.

A spokesperson for the Republican National Committee called the comment “despicable,” although Republicans have called Democrats “socialists” now for so long it passes as normal discourse. Just this week, Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) called Democrats "radical left-wing lunatics, laptop liberals, and Marxist misfits." (THEY CAN DISH IT OUT BUT CAN’T TAKE IT)

Biden’s calling out of today’s radical Republicans mirrors the moment on June 21, 1856, when Representative Anson Burlingame of Massachusetts, a member of the newly formed Republican Party, stood up in Congress to announce that northerners were willing to take to the battlefield to defend their way of life against the southerners who were trying to destroy it.

Less than a month before, Burlingame's Massachusetts colleague Senator Charles Sumner had been brutally beaten by a southern representative for disparaging slavery, and Burlingame was sick and tired of buying sectional peace by letting southerners abuse the North. Enough, he said, was enough. The North was superior to the South in its morality, loyalty to the government, fidelity to the Constitution, and economy, and northerners were willing to defend their system, if necessary, with guns.

Burlingame’s “Defense of Massachusetts” speech marked the first time a prominent northerner had offered to fight to defend the northern way of life. Previously, southerners had been the ones threatening war and demanding concessions from the North to preserve the peace. He was willing to accept a battle, Burlingame explained, because what was at stake was the future of the nation. His speech invited a challenge to a duel.

Southerners championed their region as the one that had correctly developed the society envisioned by the Founders. In the South, a few very wealthy men controlled government and society, enslaving their neighbors. This system, its apologists asserted, was the highest form of human civilization. They opposed any attempt to restrict its spread. The South was superior to the North, enslavers insisted; it alone was patriotic, honored the Constitution, and understood economic growth. In the interests of union, northerners repeatedly ceded ground to enslavers and left their claim to superiority unchallenged.

At long last, the attack on Sumner inspired Burlingame to speak up for the North. The southern system was not superior, he thundered; it had dragged the nation backward. Slavery kept workers ignorant and godless while the northern system of freedom lifted workers up with schools and churches. Slavery feared innovation; freedom encouraged workers to try new ideas. Slavery kept the South mired in the past; freedom welcomed the modern world and pushed Americans into a new, thriving economy. And finally, when Sumner had spoken up against the tyranny of slavery, a southerner had clubbed him almost to death on the floor of the Senate.

Was ignorance, economic stagnation, and violence the true American system?For his part, Burlingame preferred to throw his lot with education, morality, economic growth, and respect for government.Burlingame had deliberately provoked the lawmaker who had beaten Sumner, Preston Brooks of South Carolina, and unable to resist any provocation, Brooks had challenged Burlingame to a duel. Brooks assumed all Yankees were cowards and figured that Burlingame would decline in embarrassment. But instead, Burlingame accepted with enthusiasm, choosing rifles as the dueling weapons. Burlingame, it turned out, was an expert marksman.

Burlingame also chose to duel in Canada, giving Brooks the opportunity to back out on the grounds that he felt unsafe traveling through the North after his beating of Sumner made him a hated man. The negotiations for the duel went on for months, but the duel never took place. Instead, Brooks, known as “Bully” Brooks, lost face as a man who was unwilling to risk his safety to avenge his honor, while Burlingame showed that northerners were eager to fight.

Forgotten now, Burlingame’s speech was once widely considered one of the most important speeches in American history. It marked the moment when northerners shocked southerners by calling them out for what they were, and northerners rallied to Burlingame’s call.

President Biden’s Twitter account has recently been taken over by new White House's Deputy Director of Platforms Megan Coyne, who garnered attention when she ran the official New Jersey Twitter account with attitude, and it seems as if the administration is taking the new saltiness out for a spin. “All the talk about the deficit from the same folks that gave an unpaid-for $2 trillion tax cut to the wealthy and big corporations. It makes you laugh,” the account said tonight. “Under my Administration, the deficit is on track to come down by more than $1 trillion this year.”

MY COMMENT:

not one Democrat is defending Nancy Pelosi's husband's DUI, but the whole raft of Christofascists keeps defending the Mango Mussolini and clutch their pearls and cry "foul" when they get called out. They can go bite it!

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swordsmanbonsai · 1 year

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The Daimyo Oak The oldest documented Bonsai tree in America is a dwarfed potted Daimyo Oak (Quercus dentata). Also known as the "Abraham Lincoln" tree, it is believed to be the first bonsai to brought into the United States. This Lincoln tree is also the oldest documented bonsai in this country. It is said to have been presented to Anson Burlingame by the Emperor of Japan, who brought it with him back to the U.S. during Lincoln’s presidency. Burlingame had been the U.S. Ambassador to China and was returning home via Japan when he was presented with this Daimyo Oak. This tree had an obvious status and a certain age as a bonsai for the Emperor of Japan to present it to a visiting dignitary.

Daimyo Oaks have rather large leaves that do not respond well to size reduction. So by current standards they aren't generally considered good material for bonsai. As an historical example, it is a good example of styles and tastes change. It would appear when this tree was presented to Burlingame it was acceptable to have bonsai with large leaves.

The tree spent most of its life as a patio tree growing in a large "100 year-old egg" container. Many years ago, a Dr. Gotcher acquired it from a member of the Burlingame family. When the National Arboretum in Washington, D.C. opened the North American Collection of Bonsai in 1991, the tree was offered to the collection. It was however, turned down as it had become overgrown and had "grown out" of it's training pattern.

When the Collection-North opened in 1999, the tree was then offered to the Collection, and Curator, Kathy Shaner, gladly accepted the tree. At the time it was over eight foot tall and quite "scraggly"....but Shaner began a program of training and nurturing. The trunk, meanwhile, had its dead hardwood reamed out. A contemporary description describes that "Now a furrowed and hollow trunk that has grown without any restraining binding for many years, its few browned oak leaves gracing its topmost branch like a rooster's comb, the gnarly tree rests humbly in a black metal tub at the newly opened Bonsai Garden at Lakeside Park in Oakland."

The Daimyo Oak can she seen at the Bonsai Garden at Lake Merritt Bonsai in Oakland, California

https://bonsailakemerritt.com/object/09d73040-91c2-492e-b026/

#daimyooak #bonsai #bonsaipenjing #penzai

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best-burlingame-ca · 2 years

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Works Plumbing Burlingame in Burlingame, CA

There is reliable a plumber or service providers in Burlingame, CA location. All you have to do is check details about Works Plumbing Burlingame. At the said company, they take the time to offer highly personalized services for homeowners and property managers. In addition, they make it easy to have a plumber come to your home by offering flexible appointment availability. Apart from that, they offer reasonable rates. Those are charged for all of their services. Once you have connected with them, you’ll have the chance to review and approve a cost estimate for any job before they get started with it.

Works Plumbing Burlingame

The existence of Works Plumbing Burlingame in Burlingame, CA is necessary. After all, it is a well-known plumbing company in the said location, especially when it comes to providing remarkable plumbers near me services. First, they can help you if you need to replace your toilet. In case you have a pipe that you can’t get to stop leaking water, they will assist you. Aside from that, they’ve been assisting homeowners in Pacific and the surrounding areas with their plumbing service needs for many years. Besides, they are always ready to handle your home plumbing for you. Isn’t it amazing?

Burlingame, CA

Are you familiar with the history of Burlingame, CA area? Well, the prominent place has a captivating historical background. Many people are curious about its history. Basically, Burlingame is situated on land previously owned by San Francisco-based merchant William Davis Merry Howard. In addition, Howard planted many eucalyptus trees on his property and retired to live on the land. He died in 1856, and the land was sold to William C. Ralston. The latter is a prominent banker. In 1868, Ralston named the land after his friend Anson Burlingame, the United States Ambassador to China. Lastly, the town of Burlingame was incorporated in 1908.

CuriOdyssey in Burlingame, CA

In Burlingame, CA, one of the famous tourist spot is the CuriOdyssey. Those who enjoy weekend getaways also go there with family and friends. Interestingly, it is a science museum and zoo for children and families where visitors can see wild animals up-close and visit interactive science exhibits. CuriOdyssey is home to nearly 100 rescued animals, most native to California that cannot survive in the wild. The custom-designed exhibits of the said place are a science playground where kids play with scientific phenomena, including physical forces, perceptions, and reflections, patterns in nature and backyard science. Lastly, it is located at 1651 Coyote Point Drive in San Mateo, California.

5 New Burlingame-Hillsborough Area Properties on the Market

Based on a latest news report in Burlingame, CA, there was a topic about 5 new Burlingame-Hillsborough area properties that are on the market. When you’re looking for some fresh living spaces, hunting down every new listing in the area can be a tiresome work. No wonder many publications have gone ahead and done the initial work for you. They listed the five latest homes to go up for sale in the Burlingame-Hillsborough area. It includes one in the Burlingame area with 5 beds and 4 baths for $3.0 million. Then, there’s another in the Burlingame area with 5 beds and 4 baths for $3.0 million.

Link to maps

CuriOdyssey 1651 Coyote Point Dr, San Mateo, CA 94401, United States Take Coyote Point Dr to Peninsula Ave 4 min (0.6 mi) Continue on Peninsula Ave to Burlingame 5 min (1.2 mi) Drive to Hatch Ln 3 min (361 ft) Works Plumbing 263 Hatch Ln B, Burlingame, CA 94010, United States

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reading-writing-revolution · 2 years

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When have American leaders confronted particularly hostile political opposition? How can fighting back against an unjust party help the nation? And what might the history of these back-and-forths say about the recent vibe shift in the Democratic Party?

Heather and Joanne discuss other moments where politicians pushed back, from Massachusetts Representative Anson Burlingame’s willingness to duel South Carolina's Preston Brooks after the caning of Charles Sumner in 1856, to FDR’s 1936 “I Welcome Their Hatred” speech, to the ubiquity of 1980s underdog movies.

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todaysdocument · 3 years

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Roll Call Tally on the Expulsion of Preston Brooks, 7/14/1856

After Preston Brooks beat Charles Sumner nearly to death with a cane in the Senate chamber, the House voted on whether to expel him from Congress. They failed to reach the two-thirds majority needed.

Series: General Records, 1791 - 2010

Record Group 233: Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, 1789 - 2015

Transcription:

July 14. 1856

On LD Campbells 1st Resn from Sel Com

THIRTY-FOURTH CONGRESS

FIRST SESSION

335

[column one]

YEA | NAMES. | NAY.

|William Aiken...S.C. | 1

1 | Charles J. Albright...Ohio. |

| James C. Allen...Ill. | 2

2| John Allison...Penn. |

3 | Edward Ball...Ohio |

4 | Lucian Barbour...Ind. |

|David Barclay [struck through] |

| William Barksdale...Miss. | 3

| P.H. Bell...Texas. | 4

5 | Henry Bennett...N.Y. |

| Hendley S. Bennett...Miss. | 5

6 | Samuel P. Benson...Me. |

7 | Charles Billinghurst...Wis |

8 | John A. Bingham...Ohio |

9 | James Bishop...N.J. |

10 | Philemon Bliss...Ohio |

| Thomas S. Bocock...Va. | 6

| Thomas F. Bowie...Md. | 7

| William W. Boyce...S.C. | 8

11 | Samuel C. Bradshaw...Penn. |

| Lawrence O'B. Braneh...N.C. | 9

12 | Samuel Brenton...Ind. |

| Preston S. Brooks [struck through]...S.C. |

13 | Jacob Broom...Penn. |

14 | James Buffinton...Mass. |

15 | Anson Burlingame...Mass. |

| Henry C. Burnett...Ky. | 10

| John Cadwalader...Penn. | 11

16 | James H. Campbell...Penn. |

|John P. Campbell [struck through]...Ky. |

17 | Lewis D. Campbell...Ohio |

| John S. Carlile...Va. | 12

| Samuel Caruthers [struck through]...Mo. |

| John S. Caskie...Va. | 13

18 | Calvin C. Chaffee...Mass. |

| Thomas Child, jr [struck through] ...N.Y. |

19 | Bayard Clarke...N.Y. |

20 | Ezra Clark, jr...Conn. |

21 | Isaiah D. Clawson...N.J. |

| Thomas L. Clingman...N.C. | 14

| Howell Cobb...Ga. | 15

| Williamson R.W. Cobb...Ala. | 16

22 | Schuyler Colfax...Ind. |

23 | Linus B. Comins...Mass. |

24 | John Covode...Penn. |

| Leander M. Cox...Ky. | 17

25 | Aaron H. Cragin...N.H. |

| Burton Craige...N.C. | 18

| Martin J. Crawford...Ga. | 19

| Elisha D. Cullen [struck through]...Del. |

26 | William Cumback...Ind. |

27 | William S. Damrell...Mass. |

| Thomas G. Davidson...La. | 20

| H. Winter Davis...Md. | 21

28 | Timothy Davis...Mass. |

29 | Timothy C. Day...Ohio. |

30 | Sidney Dean...Conn. |

| James W. Denver...Cal. | 22

31| Ale["xander" struck through] De Witt...Mass. |

[Column Two]

YEA. | NAMES. | NAY.

32 | John Dick...Penn. |

33 | Samuel Dickson...N.Y. |

34 | Edward Dodd...N.Y. |

| James F. Dowdell...Ala. | 23

35 | George G. Dunn...Ind. |

36 | Nathaniel B. Durfee...R.I. |

37 | John R. Edie...Penn. |

| Henry A. Edmundson [struck through] ...Va. | 1

38 | Francis S. Edwards...N.Y. |

| John M. Elliott...Ky. | 24

39 | J Reece Emrie...Ohio. |

| William H. English...Ind. | 25

| Emerson Etheridge...Tenn. | 26

| George Eustis, jr...La. | 27

| Lemuel D. Evans...Texas. | 28

| Charles J. Faulkner...Va. | 29

| Thomas T. Flagler [struck through]...N.Y. |

| Thomas B. Florence...Penn. | 30

| Nathaniel G. Foster...Ga. | - 31

| Henry M. Fuller [struck through] ...Penn. |

| Thomas J. D. Fuller [struck through] ...Me. |

40 | Samuel Galloway...Ohio. |

41 | Joshua R. Giddings...Ohio. |

42 | William A. Gilbert...N.Y. |

| William O. Goode...Va. | 32

43 | Amos P. Granger...N.Y. |

| Alfred B. Greenwood...Ark. | 33

44 | Galusha A. Grow...Penn. |

| Augustus Hall...Iowa. | 34

45 | Robert B. Hall...Mass |

46 | Aaron Harlan...Ohio. |

| J. Morrison Harris...Md. | 35

| Sampson W. Harris...Ala. | 36

| Thomas L. Harris...Ill. | 37

| John Scott Harrison...Ohio. | 38

47 | Solomon G. Haven...N.Y. |

| Philemon T. Herbert...Cal. |

48 | John Hickman...Penn. |

49 | Henry W. Hoffman...Md. |

50 | David P. Holloway...Ind. |

51 | Thomas R. Horton...N.Y. |

52 | Valentine B. Horton...Ohio. |

| George S. Houston...Ala. | 39

53 | William A. Howard...Mich. |

54 | Jonas A. Hughston...N.Y. |

| Joshua H. Jewett...Ky. | 40

| George W. Jones...Tenn. | 41

| J. Glancy Jones...Penn. | 42

| Lawrence M. Keitt...S.C. | 43

| John Kelly...N.Y. | 44

55 | William H. Kelsey...N.Y. |

| Luther M. Kennett...Mo. | 45

| Zedekiah Kidwell...Va. | 46

56 | Rufus H. King...N.Y. |

57 | Chauncey L. Knapp...Mass. |

58 | Jonathan Knight...Penn. |

59 | Ebenezer Knowlton...Me. |

60 | James Knox...Ill. |

61 | John C. Kunkel...Penn. |

[Column Three]

YEA. | NAMES. | NAY.

| William A. Lake...Miss. | 47

62 | Benjamin F. Leiter...Ohio. |

| John Letcher...Va. | 48

| James J. Lindley...Mo. | 49

| John H. Lumpkin...Ga. | 50

| Daniel Mace [struck through] ...Ind. |

| Alexander K. Marshall...Ky. | 51

| Humphrey Marshall...Ky. | 52

| Samuel S Marshall...Ill. | 53

63 | Orsamus B. Matteson...N.Y. |

| Augustus E. Maxwell...Fla. | 54

64 | Andrew Z. McCarty...N.Y. |

| Fayette McMullin...Va. | 55

| John McQueen...S.C. | 56

65 | James Meacham...Vt. |

66 | Killian Miller...N.Y. |

| Smith Miller...Ind. | 57

| John S. Millson...Va. | 58

67 | William Millward...Penn. |

68 | Oscar F. Moore...Ohio. |

69 | Edwin B. Morgan...N.Y. |

70 | Justin S. Morrill...Vt. |

71 | Richard Mott...i o |

72 | Ambrose S. Murray...N.Y. |

73 | Matthias H. Nichols...Ohio |

74 | Jesse O. Norton...Ill. |

75 | Andrew Oliver...N.Y. |

| Mordecai Oliver...Mo. | 59

| James L. Orr...S.C. | 60

76 | Asa Packer...Penn. |

| Robert T. Paine [struck through] ...N.C. |

77 | John M. Parker...N.Y. |

78 | John J. Pearce...Penn. |

79 | George W. Peek...Mich. |

80 | Guy R. Pelton...N.Y. |

81 | Alexander C.M. Pennington. N.J. |

82 | John J. Perry...Me. |

83 | John U. Pettit...Ind. |

| John S. Phelps...Mo. | 61

84 | James Pike...N.H. |

| Gilchrist Porter...Mo. | 62

| Paulus Powell...Va. | 63

85 | Benjamin Pringle...N.Y. |

86 | Samuel A. Purviance...Penn. |

| Richard C. Puryear...N.C. | 64

| John A. Quitman...Miss. | 65

| Edwin G. Reade...N.C. | 66

| Charles Ready...Tenn. | 67

| James B. Ricaud...Md. | 68

| William A. Richardson [struck through] ...Ill. |

87 | David Ritchie...Penn. |

| Thomas Rivers...Tenn. | 69

88 | George R. Robbins...N.J. |

89 | Anthony E. Roberts...Penn |

90 | David F. Robison...Penn. |

| Thomas Ruffin...N.C. | 70

| Albert Rust...Ark. | 71

[Column Four]

YEA. | NAMES. | NAY.

91 | Alvah Sabin...Vt. |

92 | Russell Sage...N.Y. |

| John M. Sandidge...La. | 72

93 | William R. Sapp...Ohio. |

| John H. Savage...Tenn. | 73

94 | Harvey D. Scott...Ind. |

| James L. Seward...Ga. | 74

95 | John Sherman...Ohio. |

| Eli S Shorter...Ala. | 75

96 | George A. Simmons...N.Y. |

| Samuel A. Smith...Tenn. | 76

| William Smith...Va. | 77

| William R. Smith...Ala. | 78

| William H. Sneed...Tenn. | 79

97 | Francis E. Spinner...N.Y. |

98 | Benjamin Stanton...Ohio. |

| Alexander H. Stephens...Ga. | 80

| James A. Stewart...Md. | 81

99 | James S.T. Stranahan...N.Y. |

| Samuel F. Swope...Ky. | 82

| Albert G. TAlbott...Ky. | 83

100 | Mason W. Tappan...N.H. |

| Miles Taylor...La. | 84

101 | James Thorington...Iowa. |

102 | Benjamin B. Thurston...R.I. |

103 | Lemuel Todd...Penn. |

104 | Mark Trafton...Mass |

| Robert P. Trippe...Ga. | 85

105 | Job R. Tyson...Penn. |

| Warner L. Underwood...Ky. | 86

106 | George Vail...N.J. |

| William W. Valk [struck through] ...N.Y. |

107 | Edward Wade...Ohio. |

108 | Abram Wakeman...N.Y.

109 | David S. Walbridge...Mich. |

110 | Henry Waldron...Mich |

| Percy Walker...Ala. | 87

| Hiram Warner...Ga. | 88

111 | Cadwalader C. Washburne, Wis. |

112 | Ellihu B. Washburne...Ill. |

113 | Israel Washburn, jr...Me. |

| Albert G. Watkins...Tenn. | 89

114 | Cooper K. Watson...Ohio.|

115 | William W. Welch...Conn. |

116 | Daniel Wells, jr...Wis. |

| John Wheeler...N.Y. | 90

117 | Thomas R. Whitney...N.Y. |

118 | John Williams...N.Y. |

| Warren Winslow...N.C. | 91

119 | John M. Wood...Me. |

120 | John Woodruff...Conn. |

121 | James H. Woodworth...Ill. |

| Daniel B. Wright...Miss. | 92

| John V. Wright...Tenn. | 93

| Felix K. Zollicoffer...Tenn. | 94

[end columns]

MAY 21, 1856

NATHANIEL P. BANKS, JR., of Massachusetts, Speaker.

ex [sideways]

Y 121

N 95

#archivesgov #July 14 #1856 #1800s #antebellum #slavery #Kansas-Nebraska Act #violence #U.S. Congress #Senate

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burlingamehistorian · 3 years

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Burlingame, and it's History ....

Burlingame, California is a beautiful place south of San Francisco. Integrated in 1908, it has become a tree-lined suburb with a variety of home styles ranging from English Tudor and American Bungalow to Spanish Revival and Streamline Modern. Its rich and various mixed history reflects the influence of the Spanish Ranchos as well as the area’s turn-of-the-century wealthy elite.

Burlingame is situated on land previously owned by San Francisco-based merchant William Davis Merry Howard. Howard planted many eucalyptus trees on his property and retired to live on the land. Howard died in 1856 and the land was sold to a prominent banker - Mr. Ralston. In 1868, Ralston named the land after his friend Anson Burlingame, the United States Ambassador to China. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, hundreds of lots in Burlingame were sold to people looking to establish new homes, and the town of Burlingame was formed in 1908. In 1910, the neighboring town of Easton was annexed and this area is now known as the Easton Addition neighborhood of Burlingame.

Since 2010, Burlingame's economy has diversified substantially and it has become an attractive location for biotechnology companies given its proximity to South San Francisco. Additionally, multiple high-technology firms have also built offices in Burlingame due to its location between the booming technology centers of Silicon Valley to the south and San Francisco to the north.

Historically, Burlingame has been home to many candies and chocolate companies, including the It's-It ice cream factory and store, Guittard Chocolate, the See's Candies lollipop factory, and family-owned candy stores, including Powell's, Preston's, Aida Opera Candies, and Nuts for Candy.

Aside from being known to be home to many candy factories, Burlingame also refers to itself as the City of Trees due to its over 18,000 public trees within the city. In 1908, the Burlingame board of trustees passed an ordinance "prohibiting cutting, injuring, or destroying trees". That is why the city is known for showcasing its many beautiful parks and eucalyptus groves.

Check out the top most-visited parks in Burlingame.

#history #know this #placetovisit

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si-national-portrait-gallery · 3 years

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Anson Burlingame, McClees & Vannerson, c. 1859, Smithsonian: National Portrait Gallery

Size: Image/Sheet (oval): 18.9 × 13.5 cm (7 7/16 × 5 5/16") Medium: Salted paper print

http://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.87.42.42

#npg #museumarchive #openaccess #mccleesvannerson #nationalportraitgallery

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cnbnews · 4 years

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作者：二大爷

蒲安臣被清廷雇佣为中外交涉全权大使（图源：公有领域）

在关于中国近代史的认知中，大部分国人都能脱口而出《南京条约》是第一个所谓的“不平等条约”。但几乎没有人知道，第一个“平等条约”是什么。1868年7月28日，满清和美国在华盛顿签订的《蒲安臣条约》即是——这个蒲安臣，是史上绝无仅有的既当过美国大使、又当过中国大使的外交传奇，还是第一面中国国旗的设计者。

一、共和党创始人

1820年，一个叫做安森・伯灵格姆（Anson Burlingame）的男孩出生在美国纽约。这个“别人家的孩子”虽然童年在随父母不断迁徙中度过，但是极为聪明，学业傲人。26岁从哈佛大学法学院毕业后，他在波士顿担任律师，随后于1853年成为马萨诸塞州的参议员，正式进入政坛。

安森投身政坛的时候，正是美国内战前夕，南北双方为是否废除奴隶制吵得不可开交，剑拔弩张。作为法律人士，安森坚决拥护人人生而平等的权利主张，是一个坚定的废奴主义者。他于1856年6月2日发表美国历史最著名演说之一：《马萨诸塞州的抗辩》，是美国废奴的理论奠基之作。

为了更进一步的实现自己的废奴主张，1854年，他和一群志同道合的人成立了一个新的政党，这就是今天的美国共和党。作为创始人，安森居功至伟。特别是他1855年当选国会议员后，更是不遗余力推动废奴事业。仅仅在几年后，安森全力协助年轻的共和党候选人林肯竞选总统，并成功当选，不惜用内战的方式实现了废奴的伟大进步。

但难以理解的是，��天的美国黑人，绝大部分支持的却是民主党，作为黑奴解放者的共和党，却在“黑命贵”的风潮中备受唾骂……这正是历史的吊诡之处。

二、驻华大使

1861年林肯当选后，随即任命口才极佳的安森为美国驻华大使，任期6年。1862年7月，安森穿越太平洋到达北京，成为第一批入驻北京的外国大使之一。

来到中国后，安森根据自己的姓名拼读，为自己取了一个中文名：蒲安臣。

众所周知，满清在鸦片战争之前甚至之后，根本没有现代外交的概念。相当长一段时间都视洋人为蛮夷，不屑于打交道，更不用提平等相待。之所以同意外国大使进驻，完全是第二次鸦片战争被打得满地找牙之后，被迫接受的。

大部分西方列强，如英、法、俄等国家，都是以战胜国的姿态派出大使的，所以难免颐指气使，看不上又蠢又顽固的满清。但是蒲安臣却是个例外。

他不仅没有其他大使那种骄横之气，而是致力于推动美国的“门户开放”政策。不谋求特殊利益，主要旨在推动中美贸易合作。用他的话说，就是用“公正的外交取代武力外交”，“在条约口岸既不要求也不占领租界”，“永不威胁中华帝国的领土完整。”

他请人翻译、筹资印刷《国际法》，启蒙中国人的世界意识；协助筹铺海底电缆，使电报通讯由广州至天津；也是他同海关总税务司英国人赫德（Robert Hart），赞助设立同文馆，培养外文人才。

正是蒲安臣这种坦荡的君子之风，让一贯对洋人心底恨透嘴上却不敢说的清廷也颇为侧目，对蒲安臣具有特别的好感。特别是在1863年清廷因为购买军舰和英国发生纠纷时，蒲安臣站在清廷一边予以协调，这让当时负责外交的恭亲王奕䜣大为感激。

三、满清的难题

中国人其实有悠久的文明外交史，特别是春秋战国时代的外交，在勾心斗角的权谋杀伐之外，也有道义至上、温文尔雅的贵族情怀。

但很不幸，在封建帝国的封闭循环下，这些传统最终渣都不剩，只留下一堆连世界是圆是方都不知道的、动不动就打鸡血要和世界开战的宵小之辈。

满清接受了别人的大使，自己却不派大使的原因很奇葩——因为解决不了“跪”这个难题。当年英国使臣马尔蒂尼带着礼物而不是枪炮来的时候，就是因为不跪，让乾隆大为光火，拒绝通商。

洋人已经步入现代文明，对跪难以理解；而满清上邦梦正酣，对不跪也难以理解。隔着几百年的价值观，一如我们现在分裂的朋友圈——完全是鸡同鸭讲。

难题也就产生了。第二次鸦片战争其实就是因为列强要求修约而满清死活不理睬引发的。1858年签订的《天津条约》中，列强为了防止满清再耍滑头，特别规定这个条约每10年要根据实际情况修订一次。修约的一个重要内容就是，双方要互派使臣出访。

到1867年，修约的10年之期到了，这可愁坏了满清。以前派使臣去藩属都是宣扬皇恩浩荡，耀武扬威，这回要平等交往，没弄过咋办？见了对方君主该用什么礼仪？跪了有失上邦体统，不跪又还真不知道国际外交礼仪……

负责选人的恭亲王奕䜣这才发现，偌大一个中国，竟然找不出一个见过世面的外交使臣。

于是，他想起了很欣赏的蒲安臣。

四、中国的美国籍大使

1867年也正好是蒲安臣6年大使任期届满的时候。他本来已经收拾好包袱准备回美国，在总理衙门为他举办的饯行宴会上表示，如果今后遇有与各国不平之事，他依然愿意帮助中国。

正是蒲安臣这种胸怀，让奕䜣突发奇想，大胆向清廷上奏，要求任命蒲安臣为首任办理中外交涉全权大使。理由很简单：蒲安臣素来亲善中国，不仅人品信得过，而是熟知外交事务，本身作为外国人，出访还能解决最为尴尬的礼仪问题——跪不跪的难题迎刃而解。

清廷虽然昏聩，但偶尔也有清醒的时候，掂量之下，也就同意了。久居中国已有感情的蒲安臣也没有推辞，很快就答应了。于是乎，世界外交史上最神奇的一幕出现了。一个美国大使，卸任后马上又当上了中国大使，还要代表中国出访！

为了让首次代表满清出访的使团像个样子，清廷除了让蒲安臣作为全权大使，还请了英国驻华使馆官员柏卓安（John M.Brown）、在中国海关任职的法国人德善（E.de Champs）为左右“协理”，另派两名中国官员志刚、孙家谷随行学习，加上翻译、杂役人等，使团多达30人。

只是把蒲安臣出使当做权宜之计的满清可能都没有想到，蒲安臣这趟出使，竟然是清廷打开国门后收获最丰也最成功的一次外交，没有之一。

五、中国第一个平等条约

蒲安臣上任的首件事，就是为清廷设计国旗——古代中国历朝历代没有国旗一说，使臣出访都是“持节”代表身份，就是拿着象征性的斧钺或者插满羽毛的旗帜，那跟现代外交完全不搭界。在蒲安臣的设计下，中国历史上第一面国旗——黄龙旗诞生了。

1868年2月25日，带着这面黄龙旗，蒲安臣使团自上海虹口黄浦江码头乘坐“格斯达哥里”号轮船起航前往第一站，美国。加州州长在蒲安臣抵达旧金山的欢迎宴会上形容他是“最年轻的政府的儿子，最古老的政府的代表”。

1868年6月6日，蒲安臣在华盛顿向美国总统安德鲁・约翰逊递交了中国首封国书。他还以中国代言人的身份到处发表演说，为中国打call，强调中国欢迎美国的商人和传教士，而各国应该对中国保持一种明智的态度。

正是在他的说服下，7月28日，蒲安臣与美国务卿西华德签订了中国近代史上首个真正意义上的平等条约——《中美续增条约》，史称《蒲安臣条约》。条约承认中国和列强是平等的国家，反对一切割让中国领土的要求。“大清国与美利坚切念人民互相来往，或游历，或贸易，或久居，得以自由，方有利益。”

这个语气，今天我们已经很陌生了。正是在因为《蒲安臣条约》，大量的中国劳工才得以随后输入美国，成为西部建设最重要的劳工来源。包括其后“留美幼童计划”也受惠于此。虽然后来遭遇排华法案的坎坷，但可以说，这个条约是华人移民美国的肇始。

六、成果丰硕的外交传奇

离开美国后，当年9月，蒲安臣率团抵达英国。他先后拜会了英女王和首相、外交大臣等人，积极游说，虽未签约，但使得英国人发表了一份公开照会，表示英国政府愿意同中国政府“以和济事”，实行修约缓进政策，“不实施与中国的独立和安全相矛盾的一种不友好的压迫”。

这种承诺对当时的满清而言，已经很难得。

1869年1月，蒲安臣继续欧洲之行动，在一年多的时间中，先后游说法国、瑞典、丹麦、荷兰、普鲁士5国。尽忠职守、竭尽所能，为中国争取有利的外交局面。除了在法国由于反对势力强大，未取得成果外，其他国家都顺利完成了谈判，均参照英国发表了尊重中国独立完整的外交声明。其中普鲁士的声明还是有“铁血宰相”之称的俾斯麦发表的。

1870年2月，蒲安臣率团前往俄国。在和沙皇亚历山大二世的谈判中，想为中国争取拿回被占领土的蒲安臣发现，俄国人竭力回避实质性内容，狼子野心昭然若揭。为此蒲安臣心情大为郁闷，他对同行人员表示，担心拿不到好的谈判结果，“既恐办法稍差，失颜于中国；措语来当，又将贻笑于俄人”。

急火攻心之下，蒲安臣不慎感染肺炎病倒。而且由于在各国奔波已经整整两年，劳心劳神，本来身体情况就不佳的蒲安臣病势恶化极为迅速。在染病一周后就猝然辞世，于1870年2月23日病逝于圣彼得堡。

世界外交史上的传奇，就此陨落。

七、寂寞的身后

蒲安臣逝世后，清廷感其功绩，念其操守，不仅追授一品官衔，还专门拨出治丧费六千两、抚恤金一万两。

他的遗体从俄罗斯直接送回美国，在波士顿市政府著名的法尼尔厅举行了隆重的遗体告别仪式，大厅内同时挂起星条旗和黄龙旗。大作家马克吐温为蒲安臣写了悼词：“他对各国人民的无私帮助和仁慈胸怀，已经越过国界，使他成为一个伟大的世界公民。”

如今，在美国加州和堪萨斯州，各有一个以蒲安臣命名的城市。

美国人没有忘记为他国当大使的蒲安臣，并引以为傲、树碑立传；但受过惠的中国人却完全忘了他。出于可以理解的原因，这个为中国争取利益鞠躬尽瘁死而后已的外交家，彻彻底底的消失在充满屈辱和仇恨的历史里。连同著名的《蒲安臣条约》，布满灰尘，无人问津。

不看这篇文章，你是不是也不知道？

八、如何纪念蒲安臣

中国人所能读到的历史，大多数都是别人想让我们知道的。

由于不通晓事实真相，自然对于历史的理解就会出现常识性、逻辑性的错误，导致一些伪概念大行其道——比如我们熟悉的那句基于丛林逻辑、否认人类文明的话：弱国无外交。

蒲安臣所代表的经常满地找牙的满清弱不弱？弱爆了。但是为什么蒲安臣能够不费一兵一卒、一金一银，在拿着一手烂牌，甚至可以说根本就没有牌的情况下，单凭三寸不烂之舌，就取得满清割地赔款都没有得到的平等条约和承诺呢？

是因为他是个美国人吗？显然不是，一个退休的美国大使面对世界列强，不可能有什么筹码可讲。

蒲安臣能够成就外交传奇，其实原因很简单，因为他懂得文明世界的规则，并且善于利用这样的规则。即便在十九世纪那种还经常靠拳头说话的国际环境里面，他依然凭借职业操守和不懈努力，证明了弱国不仅有外交，还可以有很成功的外交。世界确实有不讲理的地方，但更多的时候，还有很多讲理的。这是人类进步的必然。

一味强调弱肉强食的丛林逻辑的人，多半是尊崇这种逻辑的流氓和强盗。

事实上我们今天回头看满清挨揍的历史，哪次是因为弱挨打的？从两次鸦片战争到义和团，几乎都是愚昧、野蛮、耍诈、使坏引发的。蒲安臣之后，中国首位驻外使节郭嵩焘，曾用12字归纳晚清外交：一味蠢，一味蛮，一味诈，一味怕……因为愚蠢而行蛮，行蛮不成则使诈，使诈失败则跪地求和。

所以一个国家文明应该体现在什么地方？一是坚守道义，二是遵守规则。单单把外交的失败归结于实力的强弱，往往会掩盖最终决定外交成败的诸多内在因素。因为无论是因弱耍诈还是恃强使横，最终都可能挨揍收场，和正义有关，和强弱无关。

如果说蒲安臣留给我们什么宝贵的遗产，那就是文明的规则需要有懂得文明的人去执行，它比咆哮式的泼妇对垒更有征服人心的力量。特别是在二战后飞速前进的现代文明体系下——野蛮之国，无论强弱，皆遭寰宇唾弃；文明之邦，不问大小，同受世人尊崇。

可惜斯人已逝，唯余一声叹息。

（原文链接）

(文章仅代表作者个人立场和观点)

外交部大实话：中共南海基地做好被强拆准备，被制裁的美国人来不了中国"损失巨大"

中国外交部新发言人亮相网赞：白发战狼，儒雅霸气

二大爷｜蒲安臣：一个美国人为何能成为中国首任全权大使，成就一段外交传奇？

“战狼”后浪来了外交部发言人迎新

英国外交部发表人权与民主报告指中国人权状况持续恶化

安卓翻墙APP、Windows翻墙:ChromeGo AD：搬瓦工官方翻墙服务Just My Socks，不怕被墙

来源:Man Tank脸书专页

原文链接：蒲安臣：当过中美两国大使的外交传奇(图) - 新闻评论

本文标签：中国, 历史, 外交, 大使, 文明, 条约, 美国, 肺炎, 英国

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Re-Electing Charles Sumner

Charles Sumner (R-MA)

Senator Sumner returned to Bostonin something resembling triumph. Though badly traumatized and still suffering from his assault by Preston Brooks, he came home a hero and a martyr. Sumner said a few words, in a much-diminished voice, in answer to his first reception. At the State House, he intended to try a longer oration. He made it through a halting sentence or so before…

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#Anson Burlingame #Boston #Buchanan #Charles Francis Adams #Charles Sumner #Know-Nothings #Massachusetts #Millard Fillmore

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antebellumite · 9 months

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Background Congressmen!

#fanart #my art #william graves #henry wise #galusha grow #joshua giddings #anson burlingame #elihu washburne #john parker hale #hugh white

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New Post has been published on Car & Auto Title Loans

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universallycrownpirate · 6 years

Photo

Burlingame ist eine Stadt im San Mateo County im US-Bundesstaat Kalifornien mit 28.806 Einwohnern.

Burlingame ist bekannt als Stadt der Bäume (engl. City of Trees) aufgrund der Anzahl der Bäume innerhalb der Stadt (rund 18.000 öffentliche Bäume). Im Jahre 1908 hat der Stiftungsrat von Burlingame eine Anordnung erlassen, die es «verbietet, Bäume abzusägen, zu verletzen oder zu zerstören»

Es befinden sich in Burlingame 19 Vorschulen, dazu eine High School, eine Middle School und sechs Grundschulen, welche sich in öffentlicher Hand befinden. In privater Hand befinden sich drei Schulen, die Mercy High School ist dabei die einzige katholische reine Mädchen-High School.

Des Weiteren existiert die Burlingame-Bibliothek, welche 1909 errichtet wurde und Preise für ihre Architektur gewonnen hat.

Die Stadt ist nach dem US-Diplomaten Anson Burlingame benannt und wird oft als Stadt der Bäume (engl. City of Trees) bezeichnet aufgrund der hohen Anzahl an Bäumen innerhalb der Stadt. Burlingame ist bekannt für eine hohe Lebensqualität mit einer begehbaren Innenstadt und einem ausgezeichneten öffentlichen Schulsystem.

Burlingame liegt rund 20 km südlich von San Francisco. Das Stadtgebiet hat eine Größe von 15,6 km², davon sind 11,2 km² Land und 4,4 km² Wasser. Die Nachbarstädte von Burlingame sind San Mateo im Südosten, Hillsboroughim Süden und Millbrae im Nordwesten.

Wirtschaft

In den 1960ern haben verschiedene Fluggesellschaften und -services in Burlingame ihre Geschäftsstellen aufgrund der Nähe zum San Francisco International Airport eröffnet. Burlingame ist heute u.a. Sitz der Fluggesellschaft Virgin America sowie Standort von LSG Sky Chefs und China Airlines.

Virgin America ist eine US-amerikanische Fluggesellschaft mit Sitz in Burlingame und Basis auf dem Flughafen San Francisco.

Heimatflughafen: San Francisco Leitung: C. David Cush (CEO) Vielfliegerprogramm: elevate Flottenstärke: 65 (+ 38 Bestellungen) Ziele: national und kontinental Website: www.virginamerica.com

Mehrere Technologie-Unternehmen haben in Burlingame ihre Geschäftsräume eingerichtet. Grund dafür ist die Lage zwischen dem boomenden Technologie-Zentrum Silicon Valley im Süden und San Francisco im Norden.

Verkehr

Burlingame hat Anbindung an vier Highways, den Highway 101, welcher an der Bucht von San Jose nach San Francisco verläuft, die dazu parallel verlaufende California State Route 82, auch bekannt als Teil des El Camino Real, und die California State Route 35, welche sich mit der Interstate 280 zusammenschließt.

Der Caltrain bedient die Stadt durch eine eigene Station täglich mit mehreren Verbindungen in nördlicher (San Francisco) sowie südlicher Richtung (San José). Die Strecke des Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) verläuft durch Burlingame, bedient die Stadt aber nicht. Die nächstgelegene Station, zudem Endstation der BART-Strecke, befindet sich in Millbrae.

Burlingame befindet sich auf einer Landfläche, die sich zuvor im Besitz des in San Francisco ansässigen Kaufmanns William Davis Merry Howard befand. Howard hat auf seinem Landbesitz viele Eukalyptus-Bäumegepflanzt und sich dort zur Ruhe gesetzt. Howard starb im Jahre 1856, daher wurde das Land an den Geschäftsmann William Chapman Ralston verkauft. 1868 hat Ralston das Land nach seinem Bekannten Anson Burlingame benannt, welcher bis ein Jahr zuvor US-Botschafter in China war. Nach dem Erdbeben von San Francisco im Jahre 1906 wurden Hunderte Landflächen an Leute verkauft, welche auf der Suche waren und neue Häuser errichten wollten. Die Stadt wurde folglich im Jahre 1908 gegründet.

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