#aporrectodea

[herpsandbirds]

Green Earthworm (Aporrectodea smaragdina), family Lumbricidae, Slovenia

photographs by Ton van Haaren

Austria - photograph by Manfred Auer

[rinedin]

looking at the (very pathetic, small sample of) fic i've posted, i think Aporrectodea is still my favourite. i can't think of anything i would change about it. i'm pleased with its execution.

i have, however, been haunted by all the things i would change about Unequal if i were to rewrite it now. it was written in one night and posted a couple days later and honestly my hands are itching to fix it so much but i know there might be a couple people that like it the way it is.

still though, i feel it could have used more... thought, possibly. more something.

[crevicedwelling]

earthworms aren’t native either; on the east coast where most of the Bipalium have invaded there are a handful of native species in the mountains but every worm in your garden is almost certainly an old world species and just as nonnative as the bips. Lumbricus, Allolobophora, Aporrectodea, Eisenia, Octolasion—the lot of ‘em.

it’s never so simple as “Nonnative = Bad Except When USDA Says It’s Ok.”

I’m fairly mistrustful of the idea earthworms and honeybees and the like are beneficial to ecosystems they’re not native to. they may certainly be beneficial to humans, providing honey, produce, and compost, but there’s little information about how earthworms and other European detritivores have probably irreversibly changed the whole leaf litter ecosystem of North American forests since the 1500s.

however, the one bit of concern I have over Bipalium seems to work with the fact that earthworms are destructive nonnative species as well: Bipalium adventitium, B. kewense, and B. pennsylvanicum selectively eat tender European earthworms and avoid the Asian Amynthas, which might’ve coevolved with Bipalium and thus has tough, impenetrable skin. Amythas, though, strips forest floors bare of leaf litter and is less edible to some of the native animals that have come to depend on earthworms for food. therefore, by taking out the competition while leaving Amynthas alone, bips might be amplifying the effects of other nonnative species. I’m not exactly sure what can be done in that situation, but I doubt killing individual worms is going to have any affect at all—it’s not like that worked for the lanternflies.

hammerhead flatworms (Bipaliinae) are in my estimation among the most beautiful terrestrial animals, often sporting bright colors and striking patterns that advertise their toxicity.

bipaliines feed on either worms or land gastropods, tracking the slime trails of prey with their highly sensitive spade- or crescent-shaped head plate.

Southeast Asia is a hotspot for bipaliine diversity, and at least six species can be found in Singapore, all of which I managed to encounter this summer!

[cytgen]

Keywords: Aporrectodea earthworms populations amphimixis parthenogenesis F-statistics

[fatehbaz]

More on worm invasion, regarding “savannification” and why the transition zone between boreal forest and temperate woodlands near the “northern central hardwoods forest ecoregion” of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan is a critical region for minimizing the damage from the northward expansion of non-native earthworms: Since non-native worms have been seemingly omnipresent and well-established across temperate North America - for several centuries, in many places - it’s worth noting that there is still potential future damage that might be mitigated by human action against worm expansion. Apparently, non-native earthworms can contribute significantly to devegetation of boreal and mixed forest near Minnesota’s Boundary Waters region, and the expansion of tallgrass prairie and oak savanna into previously boreal climates and forested landscapes. There’s a good reason that so much earthworm ecology research is based at schools in Minnesota, Michigan, and Ontario. So here are some more horrible map abominations I made with the beloved program M!crosoft Paint (the working-class GIS, lol) regarding the danger of worms in Great Lakes, Midwest, and boreal ecosystems.

-----

“European earthworms, principally the nightcrawler (Lumbricus terrestris), leaf worm (Lumbricus rubellus), and angleworms (Aporrectodea spp), are invading forests along the entire prairie-forest border, including boreal forests from Alberta to northern Minnesota, and hardwood forests from Minnesota to Indiana. The northern part of the prairie-forest border, from northern Wisconsin through Alberta, has no native earthworms.” [Source. An influential research paper. Lee E. Frelich and Peter B. Reich. “Will environmental changes reinforce the impact of global warming on the prairie-forest border of central North America?” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (2009).]

From the same article:

Caption, LE Frelich and PB Reich: “Forest change caused by earthworm invasion and deer grazing. (a) Intact forest of sugar maple, basswood, and red oak. (b) Forest with high deer population and earthworm invasion. Note the absence of tree seedlings, herbs, and duff on the forest floor.”

“Savannification” of North America’s northern prairie-forest border zone (in Minnesota, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta) is soon expected to increase significantly due to the combination of climate crisis; industrial monoculture; white-tailed deer overabundance and overgrazing; and introduced exotic earthworm species. In other words, aspen parkland and northern central hardwoods forest, in the region where boreal biomes meet temperate biomes near Winnipeg, could be converted into savanna.

One major reason for forest loss and the encroachment of savanna is the death of the understory and forest floor of northern central hardwoods environments in Minnesota and Wisconsin; the way the non-native earthworms destroy understory plants allows the related encroachment of grasses in their place (creating a self-sustaining cycle and advancement of prairie/woodland replacing forest).

--

Guess I’d recommend this article, which deals with the boreal-temperate border and the prairie-forest border in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

The magic words you were waiting for:

[Free PDF]

[sweeneylandscapedesign]

Bioturbation - Worms at Work

Bioturbation is the mixing of (plant) residues into soils and sediments by biotic activity. It is one of the fundamental processes in ecology, as it stimulates decomposition, creates habitats for other (micro)fauna and increases gas- and water flow through the soil.

This time lapse movie shows bioturbation by 3 earthworms species: - Lumbricus terrestris (an ’anecic’ earthworm, feeding on leaves and living in deep vertical burrows; 2 individuals present) - Lumbricus rubellus (an ’epigeic’ earthworm, feeding on leaves and living in shallow, non-permanent burrows; 2 individuals present) - Aporrectodea caliginosa (an ‘endogeic’ earthworm, feeding on decomposed organic matter and living deeper in the soil; 3 individuals present).

Poplar leaves were applied on top of the soil as food for the earthworms. Different soil layers were simulated by mixing a topsoil (rich in organic matter) with quartz sand in various ratios.

The recording lasted 1 month.

This movie was made in collaboration with scientists from the Department of Soil Quality of Wageningen University, The Netherlands.

Soil screening: I.M. Lubbers & J.W. van Groenigen Marie Curie Alumni: G.B. De Deyn Microphonography: Urban Utan Time lapse photography © Wim van Egmond - 2014 With the support of the Marie Curie Alumni Association

[swanandcmiprs]

EARTHWORM FARMING MARKET ANALYSIS (2019-2027)

Earthworm is a type of worm which is tubular in shape and is commonly found in soil. They feed on decaying organic matter and break it down to simpler components in the form of castings which can be used as fertilizer for crops. Earthworm farming involves harvesting of worms which are later used for other applications such as vermicomposting, fishing bait and others. Since ancient times, earthworms are being used on farms to increase crop production. Additionally, earthworms are used in fishing and cattle industry as feed as they are rich source of proteins.

Market Outlook

Farmers prefer using composts, produced by earthworms, over synthetically manufactured fertilizers as they don’t cause soil pollution and are eco-friendly solutions for increasing crop yield. Moreover, they also improve the drainage and air intake of the soil, as a result of which soil productivity increases. These factors are expected to fuel the demand for earthworms in the agriculture industry over the next few years.

Among regions, Asia-Pacific dominates the earthworm farming market and is expected to grow substantially in the upcoming years. Countries in the tropical and sub-tropical belt have hot and humid climate which provides a sustainable environment to earthworms. Furthermore, the agriculture industry in Asia Pacific, which is still one of the predominant sources of income in emerging economies, is facing a challenge in meeting demand for food owing to the rising population. According to India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF)’s report, in 2018, the estimated food grain production in India was around 285 million tons. This is expected to drive demand for earthworms from the agriculture industry in the region.

Earthworms can consume nearly any type of organic matter and can feed up to half of their body weight in a day under ideal conditions. The ease of availability of raw material provides a major advantage for new entrants in the industry. A large variety of organic products can be used as worm food such as animal manure, bio-degradable kitchen wastes, food leftovers, spoiled grains, dead plants & leaves, seaweeds and others. Furthermore, low operation cost of earthworm farming is predicted to create lucrative opportunity for market players to expand their presence, especially in emerging economies.

Earthworm farming market has witnessed a rise in demand for earthworms for the aquaculture industry in the recent years. Earthworms are a rich source of protein and thus provide an economical solution for maintaining fish growth and health. Furthermore, they are also commonly used in recreational fishing activities as bait for fishes. According to the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation, in U.S., 39.6 million U.S. residents went for recreational fishing in 2016, which has fueled demand for earthworms in the North America region.

Market Taxonomy

On the basis of type, the global earthworm farming market is segmented into:

Eisenia Foetida

Lumbricus Terrestris.

Eisenia Hortensis

Aporrectodea Calignosa

Eudrilus Eugeniae

On the basis of application, the global earthworm farming market is segmented into:

Fishing bait

Agriculture

Animal & Fish feed

On the basis of region, the global earthworm farming market is segmented into:

Asia Pacific

China

India

Japan

ASEAN

Australia

South Korea

Rest of Asia Pacific

North America

U.S.

Canada

Europe

U.K.

Germany

France

Italy

Russia

Rest of the Europe

Latin America

Brazil

Mexico

Argentina

Rest of South America

Middle East

GCC

Israel

Rest of Middle East

Africa

North Africa

Central Africa

South Africa

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[abhijeetpawar22]

Earthworm Farming Industry 2020 Global Market Size, Share, Growth, Sales and Drivers Analysis Research Report 2026

The global report on Earthworm Farming market presents, through a comprehensive analysis, the newly published research study that provides key industry insights and a competitive advantage for multiple stakeholders. Earthworm Farming report shows existing business research, future as well as emerging prospects, sales growth, potential investment, market size, pricing and profitability.

Major Players Covered in this Report are: Guangxi Xintianyu Technology Co., Ltd., VermiCo, Sunrise Agriland Development And Research Private Limited, My NOKE, NutriSoil, Kahariam Farms

"Final Earthworm Farming Report will add the analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on this industry."

Request a Sample Copy to Understand the Impact of COVID-19 on Earthworm Farming market@ https://www.marketgrowthinsight.com/sample/138893

The research on the Global Earthworm Farming market 2020 offers a basic overview of the industry including concepts, classifications, applications and the structure of the supply chain. The Global Earthworm Farming Market Report is given for global markets as well as trends in growth, competitive landscape analysis and the development status of key regions. Earthworm Farming industry Development policies and plans will be discussed as well as processes of manufacturing and cost structures will also be analysed. In addition, Earthworm Farming report includes import/export usage, supply and demand Statistics, expense, price, revenue and gross margins.

Earthworm Farming Market Classification by Types:

Eudrilus Eugeniae

Eisenia Fetida

Aporrectodea Calignosa

Bait for Fishing

Earthworm Farming Market Size by Application:

Bait for Fishing

Protein Extraction

Eat

Agriculture

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, Earthworm Farming market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2025) of the following regions are covered:

North America (United States, Canada, Mexico) Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Spain, Russia, Others) Asia-Pacific (China, Australia, South Korea, Japan, India, Southeast Asia, Others) Middle East and Africa (UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, South Africa, Nigeria,  Others) South America (Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Others)

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The Global Earthworm Farming Market Report establish a range of primary and secondary research techniques to collect both quantitative and qualitative data on global and regional heads. Using different Earthworm Farming industry-best analytical techniques, the overwhelming quantity of business data thus obtained is filtered and narrowed down to the Earthworm Farming information that matter most to businesses operating in the sector or planning to enter.

The Earthworm Farming study projects practicability analysis, SWOT analysis, and various other information about the leading companies operating in the Global Earthworm Farming Market provide a detailed systematic account of the competitive environment of the industry with the aid of thorough company profiles. However, Earthworm Farming research examines the impact of current market success and future growth prospects for the industry.

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Earthworm Farming are as follows:

History Year2015-2019

Base Year2020

Estimated Year2020

Forecast Year2020-2025

Earthworm Farming research provides answers to the following key questions:

What is the expected growth rate of the Earthworm Farming market?

What will be the Earthworm Farming market size for the forecast period, 2020 – 2025?

What are the main driving forces responsible for changing the Earthworm Farming industry's trajectory?

Who are the big suppliers that dominate the Earthworm Farming industry across different regions? Which are their wins to stay ahead in the competition?

What are the Earthworm Farming market trends business owners can rely upon in the coming years?

What are the threats and challenges expected to restrict the progress of the Earthworm Farming industry across different countries?

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[batandrogynouscollectionglitter]

ديدان الأرض تتقلص بسبب تلوث البلاستيك.. اعرف تأثيرها على البشر؟

كشف عدد من الخبراء مؤخرا أن ديدان الأرض تتقلص وتصبح أصغر بسبب تغذيها على المواد البلاستيكية الدقيقة من التربة، ويمكن أن يكون لذلك آثار غير مباشرة على النظام الإيكولوجي بشكل عام لأنها تلعب دوراً حاسماً في الحفاظ على التربة وحياة الحيوانات.

  ووفقا لما ذكرته صحيفة “ديلى ميل” البريطانية، قال باحثون من جامعة أنجليا روسكين الذين أجروا الدراسة، إن المواد البلاستيكية يمكنها أن تسد أجساد الديدان لتزيد من صعوبة تناولها لأى شىء على الإطلاق.

  فيما يقول الخبراء إن الضرر يمكن أن يمتد ليشمل البشر، حيث يكون له تأثير خطير على البشرية من خلال تغيير بيئتنا، فإن المواد الكيميائية في البلاستيك من الأكياس الناقلة ومستحضرات التجميل والألياف الصناعية من الملابس يمكن أن تهيج الجهاز الهضمي لهذه الديدان.

  ��قد تسبب أضرارًا في الأمعاء وتزيد من صعوبة امتصاص العناصر الغذائية أو تناولها بشكل صحيح، مما قد يعيق نموها أو يجعلها تفقد الوزن.

  كما فقدت ديدان الأرض الوردية التى تسمى (Aporrectodea rosea) في التجارب المعملية في المتوسط 3.1 في المائة من وزن الجسم في 30 يومًا فقط، عندما تعرضت للبولي إيثيلين الذى يخلفه البلاستيك المصغر، فيما ازداد حجم الديدان الذين ظلوا في ظروف خالية من البلاستيك بنسبة 5.1 % على نفس الإطار الزمني.

  وقال محاضر علم الأحياء الدكتور باس بوتس: ‘لقد فقدت ديدان الأرض وزنها بشكل عام عندما كانت بعض المواد البلاستيكية الدقيقة موجودة وزادت بشكل ملحوظ في التربة دون إضافة مواد بلاستيكية دقيقة”.

  وجدير بالذكر أن الدراسة نشرت في مجلة العلوم والتكنولوجيا البيئية، وهى هي الأولى التي تقيس آثار جزيئات البلاستيك على الديدان الداخلية المنشأ، وهي نوع موجود في التربة العلوية ويتغذى على بقايا الأوراق.

  The post ديدان الأرض تتقلص بسبب تلوث البلاستيك.. اعرف تأثيرها على البشر؟ appeared first on neroonews.

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[zodiacpostgenerator]

The signs as Fauna of Ukraine:

Aries: Aporrectodea rosea

Taurus: Wildlife of Ukraine

Gemini: Turkmenian kulan

Cancer: Russian desman

Leo: List of mammals of Ukraine

Virgo: Carpathian newt

Libra: List of birds of Ukraine

Scorpio: Stizus fasciatus

Sagittarius: Invertebrates of Ukraine

Capricorn: List of fish in Ukraine

Aquarius: Animal breeds originating in Ukraine

Pisces: Endemic fauna of Ukraine

[freesuitwhispers]

Global Earthworm Farming Market - Global Demand, Sales, Consumption and Forecasts to 2017-2025

Summary - A new market study, “Global Earthworm Farming Market - Upcoming Trends, Growth Drivers And Challenges – Forecast To 2017-2025” has been featured on WiseGuyReports.

This report researches the worldwide Earthworm Farming market size (value, capacity, production and consumption) in key regions like North America, Europe, China and Japan.

This study categorizes the global Earthworm Farming breakdown data by manufacturers, region, type and application, also analyzes the market status, market share, growth rate, future trends, market drivers, opportunities and challenges, risks and entry barriers, sales channels, distributors and Porter's Five Forces Analysis.

The following manufacturers are covered in this report:

Guangxi Xintianyu Technology Co., Ltd.

VermiCo

Sunrise Agriland Development And Research Private Limited

My NOKE

NutriSoil

Kahariam Farms

...

Earthworm Farming Breakdown Data by Type

Eudrilus Eugeniae

Eisenia Fetida

Aporrectodea Calignosa

Bait for Fishing

Also Read : https://icrowdnewswire.com/2019/11/19/earthworm-farming-market-global-key-players-trends-share-industry-size-growth-opportunities-forecast-to-2024/

Earthworm Farming Breakdown Data by Application

Bait for Fishing

Protein Extraction

Eat

Agriculture

Earthworm Farming Production Breakdown Data by Region

North America

Europe

China

Japan

Earthworm Farming Consumption Breakdown Data by Region

North America

United States

Canada

Mexico

Europe

Germany

France

UK

Italy

Russia

Asia-Pacific

China

Japan

South Korea

India

Australia

Indonesia

Thailand

Malaysia

Philippines

Vietnam

Central & South America

Brazil

Middle East & Africa

Turkey

GCC Countries

Egypt

South Africa

The study objectives are:

To analyze and research the global Earthworm Farming capacity, production, value, consumption, status and forecast;

To focus on the key Earthworm Farming manufacturers and study the capacity, production, value, market share and development plans in next few years.

To focuses on the global key manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the market competition landscape, SWOT analysis.

To define, describe and forecast the market by type, application and region.

To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.

To identify significant trends and factors driving or inhibiting the market growth.

To analyze the opportunities in the market for stakeholders by identifying the high growth segments.

To strategically analyze each submarket with respect to individual growth trend and their contribution to the market.

To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.

To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Earthworm Farming :

History Year: 2014-2018

Base Year: 2018

Estimated Year: 2019

Forecast Year 2019 to 2025

For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2018 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.

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[nitindhage48]

Earthworm Farming Market 2020 Industry Growth, Share, Trends, Demand, Analysis and Forecast to 2026

Overview

The report on the Earthworm Farming market provides the definition, applications, major players and the various types of products available. The market analysis studies the market with the data from the period 2020 to 2026. This report is a useful guide that helps in generating an idea of industrial development along with the other major characteristics of the Earthworm Farming market. The market study also studies the key indicators covering the sales of products, product revenues. The report also presents the forecast for the Earthworm Farming market with its growth during the period from 2020 to 2026.

Earthworm Farming market is segmented by Type, and by Application. Players, stakeholders, and other participants in the global Earthworm Farming market will be able to gain the upper hand as they use the report as a powerful resource. The segmental analysis focuses on sales, revenue and forecast by Type and by Application for the period 2015-2026.

Get a Free Sample Report on Earthworm Farming Industry Outlook @  https://www.wiseguyreports.com/sample-request/5464580-covid-19-impact-on-global-earthworm-farming-market-insights-forecast-to-2026

Segment by Type, the Earthworm Farming market is segmented into Eudrilus Eugeniae Eisenia Fetida Aporrectodea Calignosa

Segment by Application, the Earthworm Farming market is segmented into Bait for Fishing Protein Extraction Eat Agriculture

Regional and Country-level Analysis The Earthworm Farming market is analysed and market size information is provided by regions (countries). The key regions covered in the Earthworm Farming market report are North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa. It also covers key regions (countries), viz, U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, etc. The report includes country-wise and region-wise market size for the period 2015-2026. It also includes market size and forecast by Type, and by Application segment in terms of sales and revenue for the period 2015-2026.

Competitive Landscape and Earthworm Farming Market Share Analysis Earthworm Farming market competitive landscape provides details and data information by players. The report offers comprehensive analysis and accurate statistics on revenue by the player for the period 2015-2020. It also offers detailed analysis supported by reliable statistics on revenue (global and regional level) by players for the period 2015-2020. Details included are company description, major business, company total revenue and the sales, revenue generated in Earthworm Farming business, the date to enter into the Earthworm Farming market, Earthworm Farming product introduction, recent developments, etc.

The major vendors covered: Guangxi Xintianyu Technology Co., Ltd. VermiCo Sunrise Agriland Development And Research Private Limited My NOKE NutriSoil Kahariam Farms ...

ALSO READ @ https://www.abnewswire.com/pressreleases/earthworm-farming-market-2020-global-industry-analysis-size-share-growth-trends-and-forecast-2026_491742.html

NOTE : Our team is studying Covid-19 and its impact on various industry verticals and wherever required we will be considering Covid-19 footprints for a better analysis of markets and industries. Cordially get in touch for more details.

Table of Content

1 Study Coverage

2 Executive Summary

4 Breakdown Data by Type (2015-2026)

5 Breakdown Data by Application (2015-2026)

6 North America

7 Europe

8 8 Asia Pacific

9 Latin America

10 Middle East and Africa

11 Company Profiles

12 Future Forecast by Regions (Countries) (2021-2026)

13 Market Opportunities, Challenges, Risks and Influences Factors Analysis

14 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis

15 Research Findings and Conclusion

16 Appendix

……Continued

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[rinedin]

Rating: Teen and Up

Pairing: None/Gen

Word Count: 11.5K

Warnings: semi-graphic depiction of parasitic infestation by evil worms (the usual), worm-based memory loss and mind control, some very minor blade-based violence.

Summary: Martin Blackwood should be dead. But he isn’t, and what he is might be worse. Now, with the Institute in danger, Jonathan Sims receives some help from a friend that should be an enemy.

A/N: Hello friends, I bring you fic this fine Thursday morning. A what-if scenario based on the described events of MAG22 “Colony” (sorry Martin) that I speed-wrote in 3 days and spent the last month and a half editing. Good morning, and enjoy!

Text from Martin Blackwood, March 7th 10:32 AM: “Can’t come in today. Still not feeling well. I think it might be a parasite.”

It had been a week since Jonathan Sims had received that text. He had received none afterwards, and while he might usually enjoy the time free from his rather useless assistant he was actually feeling surprisingly nervous.

He had phoned and sent emails, but had yet to receive a response. His kneejerk reaction would be to assume Martin was trying to skip work, but those words kept echoing through his mind.

I think it might be a parasite. Parasite. Parasite…

[fatehbaz]

“Savannification” of North America’s northern prairie-forest border zone (in Minnesota, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta) is soon expected to increase significantly due to the combination of climate crisis; white-tailed deer overabundance and overgrazing; and introduced exotic earthworm species. In other words, aspen parkland and northern central hardwoods forest, in the region where boreal biomes meet temperate biomes near Winnipeg, will be converted into savanna. This forest loss probably seems obvious to anyone interested in environmental studies/science, since aspen parkland and northern central hardwoods forests in North America are already characterized by pockets of savanna and prairie, so further encroachment of such open space biomes might be predictable; but, apparently, even dense boreal forest in western Ontario and Minnesota’s Iron Ranges - a relatively long distance away from grassland - is surprisingly susceptible to savannification.

A thing (sorry for lame quality):

-

One major reason for forest loss and the encroachment of savanna is the death of the understory and forest floor of northern central hardwoods environments in Minnesota and Wisconsin. The loss of trillium, for example, is apparently due to the combined influence of overabundant white-tailed deer and exotic earthworms inadvertently working in tandem.

[From: Worm Watch at University of Minnesota’s Natural Resources Research Institute.]

“European earthworms, principally the nightcrawler (Lumbricus terrestris), leaf worm (Lumbricus rubellus), and angleworms (Aporrectodea spp), are invading forests along the entire prairie-forest border, including boreal forests from Alberta to northern Minnesota, and hardwood forests from Minnesota to Indiana. The northern part of the prairie-forest border, from northern Wisconsin through Alberta, has no native earthworms.” [Source.]

Here’s a lazy map I made, to try to convey how the northern prairie-forest border is not just a meeting place between forest and grassland, but also the meeting place between temperate ecosystems from the south and boreal ecosystems from the north. The aspen parkland zone is sort of like a boreal savanna along the transition between prairie and forest, while parts of the northern central hardwoods zone are like a temperate savanna. (Since the research on savannification in this region deals heavily with boreal tree species, I thought this would be useful. As always, there are some somewhat generalized boundaries here that some environmental scientists would argue about, but I said what I said.) 

So, you could say that the region near Fargo, Bemidji, Grand Forks, and Winnipeg sort of functions like a 4-way intersection between boreal biomes (aspen parkland) of the north, temperate biomes (hardwoods) of the south, forests of the east, and grasslands of the west.

That prairie-forest border is expected to rapidly shift farther to the northeast. Meaning, essentially, that long-grass prairie will encroach on what is currently savanna, while savanna will encroach on what is currently aspen parkland and northern central hardwoods forest. But it’s not just the aspen parkland and temperate hardwoods that are expected to experience savannification. These two biomes are already composed of intermittent forested land and pockets of woodland/savanna/prairie. However, even dense boreal forest near Lake Winnipeg and the Boundary Waters is expected to experience savannification between 2035 and 2060.

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Here’s a locally famous and influential 2009 article published by Minnesota forest ecology specialist Lee Frelich in Frontiers in Ecology in the Environment, largely based on research in Minnesota which examined savannification not just of the long-grass prairie and aspen/hardwood border zone, but also examined the potential thinning of boreal forests along northern Lake Superior and the heavily-forested Boundary Waters area (forest that, ostensibly, should be well-protected from drying and the encroachment of prairie).

Excerpt from the article: Climate warming is predicted to lead to savannification of the forest near the northern prairie-forest border. [...] The relatively cool temperatures and frequent precipitation of the historic climate of the past several centuries, coupled with periodic crown fires for jack pine, have allowed boreal forest tree species, such as jack pine and black spruce, to exist from bogs to rocky hilltops, and northern hardwoods to spread across a soil gradient from clays to loamy sands. In a warmer climate, more differentiation among vegetation types is expected across soil types and slope positions. Mesic forests are expected to narrow their niche, “abandoning” drier sites, and if the density of forested sites becomes low enough, people may perceive that the location of the prairie-forest border has shifted.

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Here’s a figure from the 2009 publication, explaining the influences on the expected shift in the prairie-forest border.

The author of this research - Lee Frelich - is director of the University of Minnesota’s Center for Hardwood Ecology. More interviews with Frelich; accessible content about northern central hardwoods ecology; and earthworms/deer overabundance can be found here.

[ao3feed-themagnusarchives]

Aporrectodea

by Rinedin

Martin Blackwood should be dead. But he isn’t, and what he is might be worse. Now, with the Institute in danger, Jonathan Sims receives some help from a friend that should be an enemy.

(Canon divergence from MAG22. The door was locked)

Words: 11519, Chapters: 1/1, Language: English

Fandoms: The Magnus Archives (Podcast)

Rating: Teen And Up Audiences

Warnings: No Archive Warnings Apply

Categories: Gen

Characters: Jonathan Sims, Tim Stoker (The Magnus Archives), Martin Blackwood

Additional Tags: semi-graphic depictions of parasitic infestation by sentient supernatural worms, worm-related memory loss and mind control, Alternate Universe - Canon Divergence, Corruption!Martin Blackwood, The Magnus Archives Season 1

source http://archiveofourown.org/works/23325499

[truedarkhunter]

I did not know of this species and now feel like I should consider making it a feature in a tale. Thanks herpsandbirds for making the world (at least mine) more colorful today!

Green Earthworm (Aporrectodea smaragdina), family Lumbricidae, Slovenia

photographs by Ton van Haaren

Austria - photograph by Manfred Auer