#battle of himera

[illustratus]

Gelon granting peace terms to the defeated Carthaginians on condition that they give up human sacrifice

by Michele Panebianco

[priapocalypse]

Men as far away as modern day Ukraine were hired as mercenaries and fought for a Greek city in *Sicily.* Against the Carthaginians, who also used mercenaries, mostly from places like modern day Libya and surrounding areas (Iberian mercs came later).

So in 409 BCE, warriors from Eastern Europe fought against warriors from North Africa in a battle for a Greek colony on the Mediterranean island of Sicily. The ancient world was much more connected than we tend to imagine, and not just by trade.

[blueiskewl]

Temple of Olympian Zeus Horse Frieze Found off the Coast of Sicily

A large marble relief believed to have been part of the Temple of Olympian Zeus frieze in Agrigento, Sicily, has been recovered from the seabed off the coast of San Leone, not far from the mouth of the Akragas River.

The find recovered is most likely a marble frontal decoration belonging to the famous Temple: the fragment depicts a prancing horse, an iconic element in artistic representations of the Greek period.

Divers from the Carabinieri’s Diving Unit carried out the operations alongside representatives from the Superintendency of the Sea, the Carabinieri’s Cultural Heritage Protection Unit, and the Underwater Group of BCsicilia, a volunteer organization that promotes and protects Sicily’s cultural heritage and disseminates information.

Covered with concretions, the find, almost certainly made of Proconnesian marble, measuring 2 meters by 1.6 meters and 35 cm thick, lay about 300 meters from the coast, at a depth of 9 meters, although this piece was already generically cataloged in the area.

Under the direction of engineer Gaetano Lino, the BC Sicily Subgroup discovered the element’s potential in October through photogrammetric studies. They successfully rescued the fragment today after informing the authorities and overcoming meteorological challenges.

The Temple of Zeus was erected by the tyrant Theron, ruler of the Greek colony of Acragas (now known as Agrigento) and a large part of Western Sicily. He built the temple after his victory in the Battle of Himera in 480 B.C., for its proportions, were one of largest of antiquity.

It is an essentially Doric building but it was pseudoperipteral i.e. there were no free-standing columns but demi-columns, seven by fourteen, engaged into a continuous wall. In the intercolumni (spaces between the columns) stood giant statues (7.61 meters high) called Telamons or Atlantes.

By oguz kayra.

[centuriespast]

A mass grave of troops from the second Battle of Himera in Sicily in 409 B.C. Photo Credit...Stefano Vassallo

[lux-vitae]

The Battle of Himera by Giuseppe Sciuti (1873)

[scholarmortgage]

The soldier skeletons from the 480 BC Battle of Imera (Palermo) between the Greeks and Carthaginians, which saw the Greek Siciliotes triumph.

The Clash of Himera was an unequivocal triumph for the Greek powers of Gelon, Lord of Syracuse, and Theron, despot of Agrigentum, over the Carthaginian power of Hamilcar the Magonid. The fight was battled on the seaside plain external the Sicilian city of Himera in 480 BC. The Greeks were dwarfed by the Carthaginians, yet they had the option to outsmart them and cause a devastating loss. The Carthaginians lost an expected 50,000 men, while the Greeks lost just 15,000.

The fight was a defining moment in the Principal Punic Conflict, which pitted the Greeks and Carthaginians for control of Sicily. The triumph of the Greeks at Himera guaranteed that the island would stay under Greek control for quite a long time into the future.

Lately, archeologists have found the remaining parts of a portion of the fighters who took on at the Conflict of Himera. The skeletons were tracked down in a mass grave close to the site of the fight. The skeletons give indications of horrendous wounds, including blade cuts, stick wounds, and bolt strikes. The archeologists accept that the officers were covered in the mass grave soon after the fight.

The disclosure of the fighter skeletons gives a special look into the Skirmish of Himera. The skeletons show the severity of the fight and the significant expense of triumph. They likewise give a sign of the significance of this fight throughout the entire existence of Sicily.

Notwithstanding the skeletons, the archeologists likewise tracked down various different antiquities at the site of the fight, including weapons, defensive layer, and gems. These antiquities give additional proof of the scale and power of the fight.

The revelation of the Clash of Himera is a huge archeological find. It gives a one of a kind look into a crucial crossroads in Sicilian history. The skeletons and relics from the site offer a strong indication of the mercilessness of war and the significant expense of triumph.

[toku-explained]

The King Crab/Crocodile Chimera, The Octopus/Rhino/Scolopede Messenger.

Decker: Murahoshi introduces the head of technical development, Dr. Asakage Yuichiro, who's there to run the 3 recruits through simulation training alongside HANE2 to decide who'll pilot GUTS Falcon, putting them in simulation against Deathdrago. Kanata almost immediately crashes Falcon into Hawk, Kirino manages to shoot the Hawk and Ryumon gets shot down by rushing in. Kaizaki goes over with Murahoshi the 5 Kong Spheres and probably the Sphere Soldiers forming the barrier, and Spheresaurus trying to get energy underground, and how they don't know yet if they're connected to Kaiju reawakening or if the new Ultraman can he trusted. Kirino accidentally gives the idea to try and talk to learn more about HANE2, learning he and the Hawk were originally made for space exploration before everything, and learn Ryumon wanted to join GUTS-Select due to being saved himself as a child, and Kanata spills Decker's name. Training continues, trying to reach a point the two jets can merge, though Asakage is concerned by the attempt to reach that level, but Murahoshi wants to be ready for the future. A Gomora appears, and based on the current results Kanata is assigned to GUTS Falcon, the other two fighting from the ground, as HANE2 transfers bodies to the one aboard GUTS Hawk. Things go pretty well, the two craft manage to take off Gomora's tail, when suddenly the Spheres return, merging to form Sphere-Gomora. Using a secure line, Kanata has HANE2 remotely control GUTS Falcon and asks him to keep a secret as he becomes Decker. All fight together, but desperate to keep it from a hospital, a panicked Kanata receives from Decker the Strong Type Ultra Dimension Card, and is able to keep the Kaiju back, before, after some help from the Nurse Cannon, destroying it with a Garnet Bomber. Afterwards, after getting HANE2 to keep his secret, he decides to name him Hanejiro, and tells him not to be so formal, only to immediately regret it.

Expo Voice Drama: I presume this is going to be a fairly short thing, and sadly we don't have subs. Trigger Dark arrives on a world and is immediately confronted by the Phantom Thief Himera, though when he realises it's Ignis he's friendlier. Both are on search of a treasure and decide to seek it out together, but when they find it someone else.os taking it. After some more banter, Ignis heads off in pursuit.

Revice: I was going to include some notes on Battle Familia since early reports were putting it between last week and this week, having started on this week though I believe it to be after next week's episode, so I will hold off at least for now. Hiromi and Daiji search the woods for Olteca and his cocoon, but by the time Tamaki and Hana find him to arrest it's vanished, Olteca mocks them for thinking their slates are clean just because they switched sides, but Hana declares, to Tamaki's surprise, that she'll also be atoning once the fight is over. The cocoon became a swarm of bugs and starts entering people, who become cocoons as well. Ikki, Vice and Yukimi are tidying Happy Spa while George packs up his things, Buu-san arrives to let them know Genta will be back soon but is still hiding a little longer, Ikki is unsure if sealing Giff was really the best plan, but Vice just thinks they've stopped him and Ikki won't have to forget anymore, although he sees on Ikki's face he has forgotten something. Sakura and Lovekov contemplate how empty Weekend is now, when Hiromi and Daiji arrive with news of the cocoons appearing, Lovekov looks injured. Vice, having helped George get things to his car, hears something. The flies reform from the cocoons, and start producing Giftarians. Everyone goes out, Hiromi having Tamaki stay behind to help him run support. Revi and Vice start fighting as more Giftarians and even a Hell Giftarian appear, the Demons Troopers with Daiji are overwhelmed by the swarm until he uses Evilytylive, and as Jeanne goes to use Hashiboko, she sees Lovekov's wound, and Vice is incapacitated hearing Giff tell him to awaken, Tue fighting finishes with Kagero taunting Daiji some, and the wound on Lovekov grows. Back at base Hiromi tells Tamaki he sympathises with being unable to fight, while Lovekov is angry Sakura wants to sideline her. George visits Masumi's grave, leaving his mask and the stone, telling him he won't rely on his strength anymore. Vice wanders around at night, muttering inhumanly. Ikki finds him missing and rushes out, finding him suspended in the air and Giff speaking through him to condemn humanity, emerges from a portal as Daiji arrives, and summons from his swarm Planarian, Sabertiger, Anomalocaris and Chameleon. Giffard Rex Revi and Evil fight them, Giff summoning Giftarians and a Hell Giftarian when Jeanne and Aguilera arrive, then as Live and Revi defeat them resummons the Giftexes, Lovekov rushing in almost gets Jeanne defeated. Revi and Evilytylive try to combine their powers on Giff, who now seems unaffected, and after defeating them, welcomes the Igarashi's, through Vice, to the new world they will make.

Donbrothers: After a film snippet about a man named Tetsu, we see Saruhara, who uses his powers to get some kids their ball, the change is seen by two guys, and another sees him turn back, beforenhe is kidnapped by the first two. He wakesmup to gangsters demanding something back, only for their boss to immediately tell them they got the wrong guy, when the other man, the Shirai they were after, bursts in, Saruhara breaks his noodle bonds and leaps in his car. Shirai explains they were the Matsui Family, and he was once SaruBrother. Kaito, now selling his own merch, explains Shirai never joined the Donbrothers by defeating a Hitotsu-ki, he must have used his powers the wrong way and immediately lost it, explaining before them about 5000 people lost them. Sakiyama starts eating a disguised Anoni, Mother sends Don Murasame to protect it, telling him not to ask about his own existence, but Don Torabolt attacks him first, letting Sakiyama finish, they both Avatar Change, into AbareKiller and Kibaranger, before stalemate, Murasame leaves, Torabolt questioning the sorrow he senses. Haruka is grabbed by Sonoza. Saruhara meets Shirai while enjoying some imaginary ramen, Shirai admits his misuse of SaruBrother but can't see the sense in fighting to protect, he plans to take action against the Matsuis. Haruka awakens, to discover that Sonoza has become obsessed with Hatsukoi Hero and wants he to continue it, she refuses for all of 20 seconds. Saruhara and Shirai go to the Matsui ramen shop, where it turns out that Shirai just started messing around as SaruBrother and was fired, but stole the precious item, the autograph of the actor Tetsu, which he returns in exchange for the Matsui's signature sauce, not being interested in creating his own. Both parties shortchanged eachother, Shirai having sold the autograph, and Saruhara tries to get both to reject material existence, somehow making them feel the experience of the desert. Sonoza is not satisfied with Haruka's manga. Matsui escapes the illusion by taking offered water and giving up the autograph, Shirai asks Saruhara to help his philosophy, he decides he can only understand by fighting Saruhara, becoming SamuraiKi, the fight takes Haruka away from her captivity. While Shirai mostly fights SaruBrother, who uses Robotaro before they finish as Don Onitaijin. Shirai opens his own cart, offering imaginary ramen.

Birth of Chimera: As noted, while it's out, Battle Familia clearly doesn't happen for at least a couple of episodes, but this is out so I'll cover it now. Hiromi fights with a man, who he recognises like Akaishi made a contract with Giff, who seeks to lead humans in the proper past. He takes Hiromi down, and notes his body falling apart, prepares to start work. George, resentful due everything with Masumi, how seeks never to use an Akuma again, testing his new Driver with the Twin Chimera ViStamp, an attempt at a Akumaless Driver, instead all it achieves is manifesting Chic, Masumi's Akuma, releasing him from George, he struggles but Chic takesone of Gifg's eyes. Nozomu makes food for his mother, his father comes home, noting he mutual friend Dr. Sotoumi has been different lately, then Nozomu and his father do their traditional arm wrestling. Later he trains with his friend Mukai, Nozomu wants to be a doctor, while Mukai is going to partake is Sotoumi's drug trials, a medicine that can awaken the human ability. The medicine turns out to be the Chimera System, most Drop out after the first volunteer is injured, but Mukai volunteers, and while it's painful he does become Chimera. Nozomu and his family spot the failed volunteer, who rampages and becomes a monster, an arriving Mukai recognises the cause and defeats it as Chimera before rushing off to find Sotoumi, the man who fought Hiromi, less disheveled, follows him to Sotoumi. Mukai, sickened by the doctor, takes the Driver and runs, then the man enters, seeking th3 source of the demon transformation, Sotoumi reveals he's been under Chic's control, who now annoyed takes over his body. Chic knows this is Azuma, thanks to data left by Akaishi. Azuma had been working to guide humanity by removing evil, but got sick of the repeating cycle and went into hiding for 80 years, but now his body is falling apart without Giff, Chic says he can stop it using Giff's eye in the Chimera Driver. Azuma has Chic's men target Nozomu's family to lure Mukai out, Azuma fights Chimera, and defeats him, Nozomu grabs the Twin Chimera ViStamp, while Chic installs the eye, Azuma uses the Tri Chimera ViStamp to become Kamen Rider Daimon, and kills Mukai as he delayed becomes a monster as well, the explosion is powerful enough that Nozomu's parents are killed shielding him, Azuma and Chic leave him to his grief. At an ex-Fenix base, George installs the other eye in a second Chimera Driver. Chic brings Azuma and co to Area 666, the former research base of NOAH, and gives him a photo of his next targets, the Igarashi family. At the airport, Nozomu takes a photo for the Igarishi family before Yukimi and Genta take a trip, followed by Azuma's group, Nozomu sees them to and makes his own plan for revenge.

[archaeologicalnews]

Herodotus lied about famous Greek battle against Carthage, new study finds

Herodotus, the famed ancient Greek historian, lied about a pivotal battle between the Greeks and the Carthaginians, a new study finds.

In his magnum opus "The Histories," Herodotus detailed the First Battle of Himera on Sicily in 480 B.C. He wrote that when the "barbarian" Carthaginians attacked the Greek colony of Himera, a coalition of Greek allies from other Sicilian cities joined the fray, leading to a Greek victory.

But now, a chemical analysis of the bones of the soldiers who fought at the First Battle of Himera reveals that those Greek "allies" were actually foreign mercenaries, likely hired by the Greeks to help vanquish their foes. Read more.

[somecunttookmyurl]

Live Science published an article new study that found Herodotus lied about the First Battle of Himera, with the Greeks depending on mercenaries rather than allies. I immediately thought of you and your stalker, and cackled in my empty classroom.

you're like the 6th person to tell me about it and i love that for me

[priapocalypse]

Trying to find a tumblr post about an article I just read but don't want to share bc it's in the NYT. I searched for something here and got one actual post, but in Italian, and then a shitload of anime cosplay.

Anyway, post with a link to a NYT article about the battle of Himera coming...

[gardenofkore]

The Syracusan descendants of Agathocles of Syracuse and his first wife, the Widow of Damas

ARCHAGATHUS (Ἀρχάγαθος) was a Syracusan Greek prince, son of tyrant Agathocles by his first wife, the Widow of Damas. He shared his name with his younger half-brother, Archagathus of Lybia. In 310 BC he joined his father’s African expedition. After being defeated by the Carthaginians in the Battle of Himera and being besieged in Syracuse, Agathocles feared for his rulership. As his dominance over the other Sicilian cities was based on Syracuse’s military supremacy, the tyrant knew he had to stop Carthage, possibly on its own soil. While in Africa, Archagathus was publicly accused during a banquet by a man named Lyciscus (at that moment quite drunk) to have committed incest with his step-mother, Alkeia. Affronted by the accuse, Archagathus mortally wounded the man, shocking the bystanders. The murder almost cost the prince’s life as Lyciscus’ friends together with many other outraged soldiers asked Agathocles to hand them over his son so that he may be put to death. If the tyrant refused, then he had to die instead of Archagathus. Since he knew the Carthaginians were actively trying to have his men change side, and fearing he might end up being handed over to his enemy, Agathocles judged it was preferable risking his life amid his people. He then put aside his regal clothes and stood unprotected in the middle of the crowd. After giving a passionate speech, he motioned as if he was going to kill himself with his sword. The crowd stopped him and urged him to put on his royal garbs once more. Moved and thankful, Agathocles obliged while being acclaimed by the people. He had managed thus to protect his own as well his son’s life, strengthened his position and won a symbolic victory over the Carthaginians. In 307 BC, Agathocles had to go back to Sicily to stop the Siceliot city of Akrágas  to challenge Syracuse’s power. Archagathus, as the tyrant’s eldest son, was left in charge of the African expedition. After a series of military victories, the army led by Archagathus was defeated thrice and was forced to seek refuge in Tunis. Knowing that his son was struggling, Agathocles returned to Africa to help him. The tyrant found a decimated and disgruntled army, on the verge of mutiny. Unfortunately for Agathocles, his attempt to rile up his men met with a bitter loss which cost the life of 300 soldiers, the execution of 3000 prisoners at the hands of the Carthaginians, and the mutiny of 10000 allied soldiers. Sensing the army’s hostility, the tyrant chose to hastily abandon Africa, leaving his sons behind. Without his father’s backup, Archagathus together with his brother Heracleides became an easy target for the angry soldiers, who ordered they had to be put to death. The murder of his children angered Agathocles to the point he ordered the massacre of all the relatives of those Syracusan soldiers who were part of the African expedition. Children, women and old people, nobody was spared, making this the most tragic slaughter ordered by Agathocles.

HERACLEIDES (Ἢρακλείδης) was a Syracusan Greek prince, son of tyrant Agathocles by his first wife, the Widow of Damas. According to Greek author Polyenus, Heracleides’ good-looking was instrumental in his father’s plot to eliminate Macedonian former hetairos (Alexander’s companions), Ophellas, at that time Ptolemaic governor of Cyrenaica. Once allied, Agathocles grew quickly disaffected with the Macedonian, to the point of planning to get rid of him. Knowing that Ophellas liked pretty boys, Agathocles offered him his son Heracleides as a hostage to prove his goodwill and desire to form an anti-Carthaginian alliance with the Macedonian warrior. Heracleides’ received secret instruction from his father to entice Ophellas, but in the meantime to resist the older man’s overtures. The plan succeeded as Ophellas fell madly in love with that beautiful boy, and tried his best to convince Heracleides to give himself to him. While he was in his tent courting the boy, Agathocles barged in. Feigning shock and disgust, Agathocles accused his former ally to have betrayed him, trying to seduce his son. Caught off guard, Ophellas didn’t even had the chance to defend himself before Agathocles killed him. The wronged father then took his son back to the Syracusan camp. Without a leader, the Cyrenaic troops were incorporated by Agathocles’. Heracleides took part in the disastrous African expedition together with his brother and father, sharing Archagathus’ tragic end at the hands of the Syracusan soldiers.

ARCHAGATHUS (Ἀρχάγαθος) was a Syracusan Greek prince, son of Archagathus (firstborn of Agathocles) by an unknown woman. Described as a young man with great virility and strength, on account of these qualities, after his father’s death in Lybia, he must have thought he was to be his grandfather’s heir. Unfortunately for him, Agathocles had already decided to have his namesake son, Agathocles II, succeeding him. Seeing as his dreams of power were about to be shattered, Archagathus planned to kill both his grandfather and half-uncle and secure by himself his succession. He dragged in the murderous plan a certain Menon, a Segesta-born slave, who was ordered to put poison on the quill the older Agathocles used to clean his teeth after eating. As for the younger Agathocles, he was lured by his half-nephew on an island. There, Archagathus had the unsuspecting uncle getting drunk, then he killed him. Agathocles junior’s body was then thrown into the sea (perhaps hoping it would disappear forever), being later washed ashore by the waves, where some people recognized him. In the meantime, the agonizing tyrant (the poison didn’t kill immediately, but caused him a slow death), now aware of his grandson’s terrible scheming, publically denounced Archagathus, asking the Syracusan to avenge his death and, in exchange, granting them the freedom. He declared the tyranny decayed and announced Syracuse was once again a democracy. As for Archagathus, he fled away from Syracuse together Menon, who later killed him, smug with the idea of having been the one who had successfully overthrown Agathocles’ despised tyranny. 

see here the Egyptian descendants of Agathocles

see here the Epirote descendants of Agathocles

[zlomudry]

You speak much of politics, tell me, have you opinions on Carthage of old?

It gained independence in the seventh century bc and gradually expanded it's economic and political power Africa, most major islands, and Iberia. It's success was more locational than anything extraordinarily impressive strategy wise. Primarily maritime. Politically speaking it was ruled by flacid kings dominated by an aristocratic elite which was composed of competing clans and which held all important political, judicial, and military positions until after the humiliating defeat of King Hamilcar at the battle of Himera during the First Sicilian War by the Magonid Clan, his own clan, at which time the structure changed to an oligarchic republic which does not impress me as it is still the elite ruling all others.

[allisonscola]

It's hard to describe a day like today would have been because Giuseppe @sciurca_sicilian_chef and @valeriasignorino do everything 120%. So when I ask them to plan something extraordinary, they come up with something like having a hands-on cooking experience outside under a tree steps from the ancient Greek temple at Himera. I mean, come on! Today, would have surprised you... It would have been the last full day of what would have been our Stirring Sicily cooking, food, and wine tour (Tomorrow is departure day). Himera is a very important historic site from ancient times because the Greeks and the Cartheginians had two different battles there that changed the course of history (yes, really!). You would have learned more details during our pre-cooking visit in the museum and at the ruins of the temple, which was destroyed during the second, revenge battle in 409 BCE. Meanwhile, with Chef Giuseppe, you would have made classic Palermitani dishes like arancine (rice balls) and panelle... Because your third class would have completed your tour's curriculum of a survey of Sicilian dishes to take home. All taught by province-based professionals with helpful interpretation led by luminary @chefninoelia, who knows how you American-cooks think. The recipes are one thing, but the new friends you would have made on this small-group experience are the emotions you remember and will cherish for years to come. I hope you'll think about joining us in 2021 or 2022 for @ExperienceSicily Stirring Sicily when all of these suppositions will (if we all do our part!) can be a reality. See our Story for a full glimpse into what would have been today... If we could have traveled to Sicily. #experiencesicily #stirringsicily #thisissicily #sicily #himera #terminiimerese #cookinginsicily #cookingclass #sicilia #siciliabedda #italy #italia #sicilyvacation #sicilians_world #ig_sicily #igerssicilia #instasicilia #gf_italy #siculamenteDoc #sicily_tricolors #ig_visitsicily #Sicilia_PhotoGroup #smallgrouptours #traveltogether #authenticsicily #sicilytour #whatsicilyis #sicilytravel #viverelasicilia (at Parco Archeologico Di Himera) https://www.instagram.com/p/CFdFSRvl0j8/?igshid=nj8h017b78mh

[coolancientstuff]

 The Great Pool of Akragas, the Kolymbethra

Agrigento (ancient Akragas), Sicily, Italy

The kolymbethra (κολυμβήθρα = pool, bath, tank, fish pond) was a vast and ancient dammed fishpond in a small valley at the western end of the Hill of the Temples, between the Temple of Castor and Pollux and the Temple of Vulcan, at the site identified with that of the Greek pool about which Diodorus Siculus wrote in the first century AD, referring to the work undertaken by the Carthaginian slaves after the Battle of Himera (480 BC). They "adorned the city and the land... they cut the stones with which not only the greatest temples of the gods were built but also the aqueducts for the outlet of the city's water... Overseeing these works was the man nicknamed Feace who ensured that, because of his reputation for construction, the aqueducts came to be called Feaci. The Agrigentines also built a sumptuous pool, with the circumference of seven stadia and twenty cubits deep: the waters of rivers and springs were channelled into it, making it into a fish hatchery. This provided many fish for sustenance and pleasure; and because many swans flew down towards it, its view was delightful. But later it was neglected, obstructed and finally destroyed by the passage of time, and the inhabitants transformed the entire region, which was fertile, into land planted with vines and covered thick with all kinds of trees, so as to obtain large harvests”. The garden is still maintained as it has been since the Byzantine era. Read more below vvv