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#best iphone app development companies in san diego
bitcot-technologies · 2 years
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iPhone app development company in San Diego, California.
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Have an idea for an iphone app? Have you always wanted to build your own iphone app that best suits your business needs? You're in luck! We will help you develop an awesome, high-quality iphone app on time. We have the best iphone app development company in San Diego, California. BitCot is one of the best iphone app development companies in San Diego, USA. Our mission is to help you with all your ios app creation needs through the entire development process and support you with customizing your app for maximum usability, scalability, performance and ultimately profitability. We will help you build your iphone app from scratch using our proven methods and development team. Our team of expert developers and designers are dedicated to deliver the best possible IOS app to fit your business needs. bitCot is one of the best iphone app development companies in san diego
, USA
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synergytop · 2 years
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IT Solutions - SynergyTop
SyneryTop provides bespoke it solution services in USA. Contact to get the details: +1-619-349-4911
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logicverve · 6 months
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Mobile App Development Company In San Diego-Android/iPhone
Best Mobile App Development Company In San Diego-Android, iOS and iPhone to creates highly polished Custom applications to meet all your business need.
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Notch-up app developer san diego for business development apps
AIS Technolabs San Diego app development company is ranked as the best when it comes to developing Apps. We administer services related to IOS, Android, Cross-platforms, and many more. We have healthy origins in both design and development. We have also partnered with mega-brands to deliver you the best and quality services. Feel free to get in touch with us, and we will take your approach to the next level. Our app development company chooses the right team of specialists for you, whether it’s related to iPhone app development or Android app development, the crew of our app developers works alongside with project managers, graphic designers and solution architects holding you in the loop as well.  
  Get Ahold of us: https://www.aistechnolabs.com/app-development-san-diego/
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wamatechnology · 2 years
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Why are mobile applications necessary?
Today, the simplest and best solution is to use mobile marketing to investigate or expand any firm. It helps the business attract more customers and generate online sales. An application designed specifically for a smartphone device, such as a phone, tablet, or TV, is known as a mobile app. Numerous categories of mobile applications exist, including those pertaining to business, finance, news, social networking, banking, gaming, and other subjects. Modern businesses can benefit from using a mobile app since it makes it simple to connect and interact with customers. Smartphone Application development company can be done in a variety of ways.
The timetable may be chosen based on a number of factors, like as the app's complexity, design, and demand. Thanks to technological advancements, anyone may now start creating apps using open-source software.
There are several opportunities for earning money in the mobile app development industry. Advertising is a typical tactic used in applications to make significant cash from the development of Android and iOS mobile apps.
Mobile apps are built by a team of programmers who work in timed iterations to build a component of the overall requirements, then assess and demonstrate their work. A mobile app for Apple's iOS platform typically takes 6 to 8 weeks to develop.
There are many more advantages to mobile app development than just boosting brand recognition. Having a mobile app can help you accomplish your most important business objectives.
Long after it is initially released, an application's creation process is still in progress. Wama Technology has developed Android applications for companies in the banking, medical, building, trade, electronics, logistics, geotechnical engineering, and entertainment sectors. Each of our mobile applications is developed using the same technique.
With the intention of having a major business impact, their dedicated developers have been assigned responsibility for all of their technological projects, from consulting to solution integration, deployment, and market launch.
A mobile app development companies in san Diego, Wama Technology, has a team of full-stack iPhone app developers and strategists who are skilled at creating the most recent mobile applications that are compatible with iOS 13. They also provide comprehensive iOS app development services.
Our app development team has a wealth of industry knowledge in addition to in-depth technological know-how, which allows them to create business-focused iPhone apps that assist organizations in staying one step ahead of the competition. We create, develop, and distribute iPhone apps that consistently provide value over the course of the iPhone application development lifecycle as part of our iPhone app development services.
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framesixty · 4 years
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iPhone App Development Company San Diego
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Are you looking for a top-notch iPhone app development company in San Diego? Frame Sixty is the best app developers in San Diego that build high-quality apps for the Web, iOS, Android. Contact us now!
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batchkalegames-blog · 6 years
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More About Gaming Jobs San Diego
Gaming Jobs San Diego
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xrp9611i · 3 years
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UI definitions
Feedback
Feedback is when the interface responds to actions made by the user. It engages and improves user interaction. For example, the animation of the screen rotating on an iPhone when the user tilts the device. It is important that the feedback is immediate however, as according to research, even a delay of 100 milliseconds is noticeable and can annoy the user. 
If/Then
If/Then revolves around the fact that when you are presented with an option, appropriate feedback and outcomes will come from the action/decision. If you were presented with a switch for example, you’d expect something to happen when you interact with it. More so, a visual cue of sorts (such as a light or change of colour) further improves the communication between system and user by prompting which option has been chosen.
(Second Order) Cybernetics
Cybernetics is science which involves studying the way electronic machines and human brains work, and developing machines that do things or think like people (Collins Dictionary). Second order cybernetics or COC/C2, refers to the practise that the cyberneticians themselves understand that they are part of the systems that they study (Wikipedia). 
Donald Norman
Donald Norman is the director of The Design Lab at University of California, San Diego. He is best known for his book, The Design of Everyday Things. Himself and Jakob Nielsen formed the Nielsen Norman group in 1998 to help companies create better products, services, and websites. The duo are user advocates who help companies move toward human-centered products and internet interaction, the better to play a major role in the new world of customer-centered goods and services (jnd.org).
“User Friendly”
Harlan Crowler was one the first to fashion the term “User Friendly” in reference to a computer. It quite literally means ‘easy to use or understand’. It allows users to figure out what to do, then tell them what’s happening (G. Van Melle). 
Micro-interactions
Micro-interactions are user initiated single-purpose triggers that convey system status, support error prevention, and provide an engaging, more ‘human’ experience (uxdesign.cc). An example of a micro-interaction is when a menu slides out when the side menu icon is tapped/clicked on a mobile app or website. They are the animations and changes of the interface that happen once a user interacts with anything (designmodo.com). 
Content choreography
“The concept of permanently placing content on a web page for a single browsing width or resolution is becoming a thing of the past.” - Trent Walton. 
Content choreography or Responsive Web Design allows the layout and element appearance to change based upon the width and/or height of the destination device (jordanm.co.uk). 
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bitcot-technologies · 2 years
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synergytop · 3 years
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SynergyTop is the best software development & digital marketing company in San Diego. They provide services e commerce development, mobile app development, erp implementations, enterprise performance management, emerging technologies, digital marketing services etc. Contact: 619-349-4911, +91 8827514783 to get the services.
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Hire Best iPhone App Development San Diego Company - AIS Technolabs
AIS Technology offers a wide assortment of android and best iPhone app development san diego. Recruit our Dedicated app engineer that transform your thoughts into the real world.
 For more go to: https://www.aistechnolabs.com/app-development-san-diego/
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conconow · 7 years
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The Conco Companies have owned and operated one of the largest concrete pumping companies in the United States for over 40 years.  To remain a leader, we continue to invest in new concrete pumps to provide customers one of the most modern, state-of-the-art operations on the West Coast.
To serve our customers, we have a large fleet of concrete pumps that are located in Northern California, Southern California and Washington.  Our pumps are manufactured by two of the top names in the industry.  Putzmeister America, Inc. is the North American division of one of the most recognized and respected manufacturers of concrete and material placing equipment. Schwing America is a member of the SCHWING Group, a worldwide designer, manufacturer and distributor of premium concrete production and handling equipment that is headquartered in Herne, Germany.
All three of our pump locations have a Schwing 58SX long boom concrete pump that meets the latest emissions standards and is helping to reduce emissions at our jobsites.  With a 4-Section Overhead Roll and Fold, the innovative boom design works well on bridges, commercial and industrial work and has a reach of 175 feet. The versatile boom has a main section that articulates 180-degrees, which allows it to be angled away from the pour and then guided horizontally into enclosed areas, positioned vertically for elevated work, and stretched out over the cab for flatwork.
Another impressive pump we have available in all locations is the Putzmeister 36Z. With its detachable Putzmeister Z-Fold boom, the 36Z has great reach.  It is the only four-section, 116-foot 10-inch boom on the market using X-style outriggers. The powerful pumping performance with a small footprint makes it perfect for restrictive job sites.
Please see our website, iPhone App or Android App for access to a complete list of our concrete pumps along with descriptions, diagrams, specifications and instructions for ordering.
Conco’s mission is to be the best supplier of concrete services in the Western United States and to bring expertise, experience and quality to each project.  We continue to upgrade and expand facilities to better serve the growing market for public works projects, commercial, parking structures, educational, and other construction development. We serve California, Washington State, Oregon, Colorado and Nevada.
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thebroxer · 4 years
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Deliver for Grubhub: How To Become a Grubhub Driver?
With the unemployment level reaching its peak, individuals are continually looking for new gig opportunities. Such opportunities help people to amass income during edgy times.
Moreover, some people like to drive. But they do not prefer ridesharing or going with people. Delivering food is the best option for such people. Hence, there are many companies like Grubhub, and, Ubereats which proffer such facilities.
Such flexible gig jobs do not require the services of any professional driver. Moreover, they can pay you a good side income with flexible schedules.
But first, let us know what Grubhub is?
Also Read: Best Work from Home Jobs During COVID-19 Pandemic
What is Grubhub?
What Is Grubhub?
In 2004, Michael Evans and Matthew Maloney founded Grubhub. This company helps to deliver food on the doorstep of the people.
Founded by two software developers, the company consolidated its efforts with another food delivery service named Seamless in 2013. This decision has helped Grubhub and augmented its networking outreach.
So, if you become a driver for Grubhub, then you need to serve the clients of Seamless also.
The services of this delivery platform are available in more than 1600 cities.
Moreover, there are more than 80,000 restaurants in the US and UK that use the assistance of Grubhub.
Its list of food outlets contains not just restaurants but all type of food points like Proper Popcorn. The company has its application on which the customers can give their orders.
After downloading the app, the clients insert their payment information as well.
Responsibilities of A Grubhub Driver
Grubhub Driver
For becoming a Grubhub driver, it is crucial to know the responsibilities of this profession. This is because you should work as a driver only if the conditions entice you.
Grubhub driver has two primary responsibilities. The first duty is to collect orders from the respective restaurant. Secondly, the drivers have to deliver the food to the clients timely.
So, before initiating the day as a Grubhub driver, the individual is required to log onto the app. After logging in, he or she can select an order.
After choosing an order, the driver goes to the restaurant, picks up the ordered food and deliver it to the address of the client.
The driver can find the client’s address in the app. Moreover, the driver does not need to collect money from the people. This is because they have already paid through the app.
If you think that you can perform such activities to the best of your potential, then go ahead and read the following article.
Requirements
Become a Grubhub Driver
Before becoming a Grubhub driver, you need to qualify and adhere to specific requirements from Grubhub. First of all, the company requires individuals who have a positive attitude.
Secondly, the individual should have excellent communication skills which will help them to give the best customer service to the clients.
Moreover, the prospective Grubhub driver should know the meaning of punctuality. This is because delivering food late to the clients will proffer a wrong impression about the company.
Other requirements to which the prospective Grubhub drivers must have to are as follows-
The applicant should be more than 19 years of age. However, the age limit augments to 21 plus in Las Vegas and Chicago.
The individual should have an Android with a 5.0 or higher version. If he or she does not have an Android, then an iPhone with iOS 11 or higher version is also compatible with the job.
Apart from a smartphone, the company also requires the applicant to have a good Internet connection to take orders and deliver them.
The applicant should have his or her details of her checking account, which can facilitate direct deposit.
Once the applicant fulfills such requirements, they should pay heed to other needs regarding their vehicle.
Car Requirements
The prospective Grubhub driver should have a valid driver’s license.
Moreover, the license should be valid for at least two years. The company also expects the applicant to have auto insurance.
Motorcycle Requirements
In case the driver uses a motorcycle, then he or she should have a valid state ID.
Apart from this, there are some states which permit the drivers to use electric scooters or bicycles.
Also Read: Most In-Demand Jobs that Don’t Need a Degree
How to Apply?
If you think that you have the requirements to become a driver for Grubhub, then you may apply for it. There are two ways to apply for the same.
First of all, you can refer to the website of Grubhub. You may open the website through your PC or smartphone. In case you are operating it with your PC, click on the “apply to drive” button. This button is blue and is available on the top of the screen.
You may even open the website through your mobile. In such cases, you need to click on the options menu. The Options Menu has three lines and is located on the top right corner of the screen.
Secondly, you may apply for a driver for Grubhub through the Grubhub for drivers application. After opening the app, click the link on the bottom of the screen. This link will help you to apply for the profession.
Procedure
You can become a Grubhub driver by following these procedures:
Flexible Schedules
One of the best attributes of Grubhub is that it allows drivers to create flexible schedules. Such flexibility reduces the stress related to working within the deadlines.
Moreover, according to research, flexible schedules are likely to augment the productivity of any individual.
Hence, you can fix your hours when you would like to work and deliver food items.
Create an account
To deliver food and apply for the post of Grubhub driver, you need to sign up in the app. There are five categories which you must fill to create an account in the Grubhub for Drivers app.
Profile Section
You need to fill in your first name, middle name, last name, and email address in the profile section. Background check section. The company requires to substantiate your background to integrate your services with them.
New Driver Paperwork
As the name suggests, you need to proffer your driver’s license and other documents that are required by Grubhub.
New Driver for Onboarding
Onboarding procedure is of two types, online and offline.
Grubhub Availability
However, the offline onboarding or in-person onboarding is applicable only in some states. These states are San Diego North, Orange Country, New York (Manhattan), Dallas, Chicago, Denver, Boston, Los Angeles Houston, Schaumberg, Philadelphia, Portland, Orange country, and Minneapolis.
If you do not reside in any of these cities, then you may apply for online onboarding. The onboarding helps you in knowing how to work as a driver for Grubhub. It has a slideshow in which the prospective drivers are given cognisance of below-mentioned six essential topics.
Introduction
Getting Started
How to Schedule Time Blocks
How to Make Deliveries
Tips and Tricks
The Payment Procedure
Direct Deposit Account
In the last procedure, the applicants need to fill in the details of the bank account. This is the place where they can keep their hard-earned money of driving.
Approximate Amount
One of the essential attributes for which people indulge in any profession is money. Hence, before working as a Grubhub driver, you may check out the approximate amount fetched from this profession.
If this amount satisfies your budget requirements, then you may continue and apply for a Grubhub driver.
Earnings of any Grubhub driver depends from city to city. This is because various local laws regulate the amounts proposed to the drivers.
Moreover, such an amount is not related to the deliveries made by any driver. Through such laws, the state helps the drivers from getting exploited and make a fair amount during any crisis.
But roughly a Grubhub driver can procure approximately more than $20 per hour. Sometimes people with proficiency in this field can even acquire $30 per hour or more.
Apart from this, Grubhub ensures that cent per cent of the tips is advanced to the drivers. With the help of this, the company appreciates the good services of the drivers financially.
Moreover, drivers can augment their earnings by making deliveries during lunch or dinner time.
Grubhub has furnished an amount more than $3 billions as tips to the drivers till date.
You can even surf through the “Guide To Tipping” of the company to procure more information in this regard.
Apart from that, the drivers pay the maintenance expenses including vehicles gas, fuel and repair. If the drivers can seek the option of early guarantee, then a minimum amount of $11 per hour is offered to them.
There is a formula which the company uses to determine the approximate earnings of the drivers. This formula goes as follows:
Earnings
$.50 per mile (Distance from the restaurant to the address of the customer) + per order rate + tips (100%).
However, the per-order rate is different in different cities. If the cost of living in a city is high, then the per order rate will augment and vice versa.
You can enhance your chances of acquiring greater profits during bother some times by following these tips.
High volume
As the number of orders augments, your profits expand. You can find a higher volume of orders through good experience in the field.
However, there may be circumstances when you have initiated your career in this field. In such situations, have a word with any prior driver who has proficiency in the domain
Good Customer Service
Good customer service entails having a polite conversation and proffering the best to your potential during the delivery. If you satisfy the clients, then they are likely to propose you more excellent tips which can augment your earnings.
Moreover, Grubhub is hiring employees, even during the coronavirus. It is better than other delivery platforms because of many reasons.
Firstly, you can order from 2 software – Seamless, and Grubhub. Apart from this, Seamless itself has millions of users which can help you to earn significant profits.
Secondly, with the help of schedule delivery blocks, there are chances to procure greater profits. Such facilities help you to get flexible schedules. Thirdly, the hourly pay guarantee gives you a stable amount during bothersome times.
Apart from this, the age limit required by Grubhub is lower than Uber and Lyft. Uber and Lyft need people who are more than 21 years of age. Some states even require people to be more than 23 years.
Moreover, according to the statistics of the Grubhub’s driver page, Grubhub has relatively more orders. This results in more significant salaries of the drivers.
Deliver for Grubhub: How To Become a Grubhub Driver? published first on Broxer.com
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gordonwilliamsweb · 4 years
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COVID-Tracking Apps Proliferate, But Will They Really Help?
My 18-year-old daughter, Caroline, responded quickly when I told her that she’d soon be able to download an app to alert her when she had been in risky proximity to someone with COVID-19, and that public health officials hoped to fight the pandemic with such apps.
“Yeah, but nobody will use them,” she replied.
My young smartphone addict’s dismissal sums up a burning question facing technologists around the country as they seek to develop and roll out apps to track the newly resurgent pandemic.
The app developers, and the public health experts who are watching closely, worry that if they do not engage enough people, the apps will fail to catch a significant number of infections and people at risk of infection. Their success relies on levels of compliance and public health competence that have been sorely lacking in the U.S. during the COVID crisis.
“We can’t even get people to wear masks in this country,” said Dr. Eric Topol, director of the Scripps Research Translational Institute in San Diego. “How are we going to get them to be diligent about using their phones to help with contact tracing?”
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The tracking apps, a handful of which have already been launched in the U.S., enable cellphones to send signals to one another when they are nearby — and if they are equipped with the same app, or a compatible one. The devices keep a record of all their digital encounters, and later on, they alert users when someone with whom they were in physical proximity tests positive for the virus.
For an app to stop an outbreak in a given community, 60% of the population would have to use it, although a lower rate of participation could still reduce the number of cases and deaths, according to one recent study. Some say an adoption rate as low as 10% could provide benefits.
In many places where apps have been implemented so far, adoption has failed to reach even that lower threshold. In France, less than 3% of the population had activated the government-endorsed app, StopCovid, as of late June. Italy’s app had attracted about 6% of the population. The percentage of residents who have downloaded the app endorsed by North and South Dakota, Care19, is in the low single digits.
One exception is Germany, where more than 14% of the population downloaded the new Corona Warn App in the first week after its launch.
COVID-19 apps are generally intended to supplement the work of human contact tracers, who follow up with people who’ve tested positive for the virus, asking them where they’ve been and with whom they’ve been in contact. The tracers then contact those potentially exposed individuals and advise them on the next steps, such as testing or self-quarantine.
Human contact tracing, slow and laborious in the best of times, has been a notable failure in the United States so far: An insufficient number of sometimes inadequately trained people have been deployed, and the infected people they’ve contacted often won’t cooperate.
The prospects for digital tracing appear no better. “Ideally, we’d have a digital way to supplement the human contact tracing,” said Topol. But “there hasn’t been any place yet globally where there’s proof that it goes from a clever idea to really helping people.”
Close to 20 tracing apps are in use or under development in the U.S.
A growing number of U.S. app developers are targeting state health agencies because Google, the maker of Android cellphone software, and iPhone maker Apple won’t enable an app to use their joint platform without a state’s endorsement. The Google-Apple technology, despite very limited use so far, is considered by many the most promising platform.
However, many states are lukewarm to the Google-Apple technology — and to digital contact tracing more broadly. In a Business Insider survey published in June, only three states said they had committed to the Google-Apple model, while 19 — including California — were noncommittal. Seventeen states had no plans for a smartphone-based tracking system. The remaining 11 didn’t respond or gave unclear plans.
In April, California Gov. Gavin Newsom said his office was working with Apple and Google to make their technology a part of the state’s plan for easing out of the stay-at-home order. Two months later, the Golden State seems to have backed off the idea.
Instead, it is training 20,000 human contact tracers with the hope they will hit the ground running this month. The state’s Department of Public Health told California Healthline in an email that most contact tracing “can be done by phone, text, email and chat.”
Trust Is Important
The multiple obstacles to successful use of digital tracing apps include indifference or outright hostility to anti-COVID measures. Some people won’t even wear masks or are leery of other public health efforts.
Moreover, to the extent that people do adopt phone-based tracing, it might miss potential outbreaks among the hardest-hit populations — seniors and low-income people, who are less likely than others to engage with smartphones.
“If adoption is high among 20-year-olds and low among seniors and in nursing homes, we probably don’t want the result to be that seniors and nursing homes don’t get the attention they should get through contact-tracing efforts,” said Greg Nojeim, director of the Freedom, Security and Technology Project at the Center for Technology and Democracy in Washington, D.C.
Unresolved technical challenges could also hamper the effectiveness of the apps.
To capture risky close encounters between users, some apps employ GPS to track their location. Others use Bluetooth, which gauges the proximity of two cellphones to each other without revealing their whereabouts.
Neither approach is perfect at measuring distance, and either might incorrectly assess a COVID threat to users. GPS can tell if two people are at the same address, but not if they are on different floors of a building. Bluetooth determines distance based on the strength of a phone’s signal. But signal strength can be distorted if a phone is in somebody’s purse or pocket, and metal objects can also interfere with it.
The biggest barrier to public buy-in is the privacy question. Advocates of the Google-Apple system, which uses Bluetooth, say the two companies enhanced the prospects for wide adoption by addressing fundamental privacy concerns.
Google-Apple won’t allow apps to track the locations of smartphone users, and it ensures that all contacts traced are stored on the phones of individuals, not on a centralized database that would give public health authorities greater access to the information.
That means every decision based on the tracking data is up to the smartphone users. They decide whether to notify other app users if they contract the virus or whether to follow the advice — to self-quarantine and contact public health authorities — that would accompany an alert of possible exposure.
The Google-Apple system makes it easy for apps that use it to communicate with one another, which could be particularly important in multistate regions — the Washington metropolitan area, for example — where each state might have a different app and people frequently travel back and forth across state lines.
But developers of apps that don’t use the Google-Apple platform will struggle to sync with it, especially if their apps track locations or use a centralized server. Those include the Care19 app in the Dakotas and Healthy Together, Utah’s app, which both use GPS and Wi-Fi to track locations. Healthy Together also allows public health officials to see people’s names, phone numbers and location history.
These models are anathema to privacy-first app proponents, which might limit their uptake. In fact, North Dakota has announced it is planning a second app based on the Google-Apple technology.
Some public health experts, however, warn that the strong privacy focus of Google-Apple, to the exclusion of other important factors, may limit the value of the apps in tackling the pandemic.
“Apple-Google in their partnership have pretty narrowly defined what is acceptable,” said Jeffrey Kahn, director of Johns Hopkins University’s Berman Institute of Bioethics. “If these things are going to work as everyone hopes, we have to have a fuller and more soup-to-nuts discussion about all the parts that matter.”
This KHN story first published on California Healthline, a service of the California Health Care Foundation.
COVID-Tracking Apps Proliferate, But Will They Really Help? published first on https://nootropicspowdersupplier.tumblr.com/
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stephenmccull · 4 years
Text
COVID-Tracking Apps Proliferate, But Will They Really Help?
My 18-year-old daughter, Caroline, responded quickly when I told her that she’d soon be able to download an app to alert her when she had been in risky proximity to someone with COVID-19, and that public health officials hoped to fight the pandemic with such apps.
“Yeah, but nobody will use them,” she replied.
My young smartphone addict’s dismissal sums up a burning question facing technologists around the country as they seek to develop and roll out apps to track the newly resurgent pandemic.
The app developers, and the public health experts who are watching closely, worry that if they do not engage enough people, the apps will fail to catch a significant number of infections and people at risk of infection. Their success relies on levels of compliance and public health competence that have been sorely lacking in the U.S. during the COVID crisis.
“We can’t even get people to wear masks in this country,” said Dr. Eric Topol, director of the Scripps Research Translational Institute in San Diego. “How are we going to get them to be diligent about using their phones to help with contact tracing?”
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The tracking apps, a handful of which have already been launched in the U.S., enable cellphones to send signals to one another when they are nearby — and if they are equipped with the same app, or a compatible one. The devices keep a record of all their digital encounters, and later on, they alert users when someone with whom they were in physical proximity tests positive for the virus.
For an app to stop an outbreak in a given community, 60% of the population would have to use it, although a lower rate of participation could still reduce the number of cases and deaths, according to one recent study. Some say an adoption rate as low as 10% could provide benefits.
In many places where apps have been implemented so far, adoption has failed to reach even that lower threshold. In France, less than 3% of the population had activated the government-endorsed app, StopCovid, as of late June. Italy’s app had attracted about 6% of the population. The percentage of residents who have downloaded the app endorsed by North and South Dakota, Care19, is in the low single digits.
One exception is Germany, where more than 14% of the population downloaded the new Corona Warn App in the first week after its launch.
COVID-19 apps are generally intended to supplement the work of human contact tracers, who follow up with people who’ve tested positive for the virus, asking them where they’ve been and with whom they’ve been in contact. The tracers then contact those potentially exposed individuals and advise them on the next steps, such as testing or self-quarantine.
Human contact tracing, slow and laborious in the best of times, has been a notable failure in the United States so far: An insufficient number of sometimes inadequately trained people have been deployed, and the infected people they’ve contacted often won’t cooperate.
The prospects for digital tracing appear no better. “Ideally, we’d have a digital way to supplement the human contact tracing,” said Topol. But “there hasn’t been any place yet globally where there’s proof that it goes from a clever idea to really helping people.”
Close to 20 tracing apps are in use or under development in the U.S.
A growing number of U.S. app developers are targeting state health agencies because Google, the maker of Android cellphone software, and iPhone maker Apple won’t enable an app to use their joint platform without a state’s endorsement. The Google-Apple technology, despite very limited use so far, is considered by many the most promising platform.
However, many states are lukewarm to the Google-Apple technology — and to digital contact tracing more broadly. In a Business Insider survey published in June, only three states said they had committed to the Google-Apple model, while 19 — including California — were noncommittal. Seventeen states had no plans for a smartphone-based tracking system. The remaining 11 didn’t respond or gave unclear plans.
In April, California Gov. Gavin Newsom said his office was working with Apple and Google to make their technology a part of the state’s plan for easing out of the stay-at-home order. Two months later, the Golden State seems to have backed off the idea.
Instead, it is training 20,000 human contact tracers with the hope they will hit the ground running this month. The state’s Department of Public Health told California Healthline in an email that most contact tracing “can be done by phone, text, email and chat.”
Trust Is Important
The multiple obstacles to successful use of digital tracing apps include indifference or outright hostility to anti-COVID measures. Some people won’t even wear masks or are leery of other public health efforts.
Moreover, to the extent that people do adopt phone-based tracing, it might miss potential outbreaks among the hardest-hit populations — seniors and low-income people, who are less likely than others to engage with smartphones.
“If adoption is high among 20-year-olds and low among seniors and in nursing homes, we probably don’t want the result to be that seniors and nursing homes don’t get the attention they should get through contact-tracing efforts,” said Greg Nojeim, director of the Freedom, Security and Technology Project at the Center for Technology and Democracy in Washington, D.C.
Unresolved technical challenges could also hamper the effectiveness of the apps.
To capture risky close encounters between users, some apps employ GPS to track their location. Others use Bluetooth, which gauges the proximity of two cellphones to each other without revealing their whereabouts.
Neither approach is perfect at measuring distance, and either might incorrectly assess a COVID threat to users. GPS can tell if two people are at the same address, but not if they are on different floors of a building. Bluetooth determines distance based on the strength of a phone’s signal. But signal strength can be distorted if a phone is in somebody’s purse or pocket, and metal objects can also interfere with it.
The biggest barrier to public buy-in is the privacy question. Advocates of the Google-Apple system, which uses Bluetooth, say the two companies enhanced the prospects for wide adoption by addressing fundamental privacy concerns.
Google-Apple won’t allow apps to track the locations of smartphone users, and it ensures that all contacts traced are stored on the phones of individuals, not on a centralized database that would give public health authorities greater access to the information.
That means every decision based on the tracking data is up to the smartphone users. They decide whether to notify other app users if they contract the virus or whether to follow the advice — to self-quarantine and contact public health authorities — that would accompany an alert of possible exposure.
The Google-Apple system makes it easy for apps that use it to communicate with one another, which could be particularly important in multistate regions — the Washington metropolitan area, for example — where each state might have a different app and people frequently travel back and forth across state lines.
But developers of apps that don’t use the Google-Apple platform will struggle to sync with it, especially if their apps track locations or use a centralized server. Those include the Care19 app in the Dakotas and Healthy Together, Utah’s app, which both use GPS and Wi-Fi to track locations. Healthy Together also allows public health officials to see people’s names, phone numbers and location history.
These models are anathema to privacy-first app proponents, which might limit their uptake. In fact, North Dakota has announced it is planning a second app based on the Google-Apple technology.
Some public health experts, however, warn that the strong privacy focus of Google-Apple, to the exclusion of other important factors, may limit the value of the apps in tackling the pandemic.
“Apple-Google in their partnership have pretty narrowly defined what is acceptable,” said Jeffrey Kahn, director of Johns Hopkins University’s Berman Institute of Bioethics. “If these things are going to work as everyone hopes, we have to have a fuller and more soup-to-nuts discussion about all the parts that matter.”
This KHN story first published on California Healthline, a service of the California Health Care Foundation.
COVID-Tracking Apps Proliferate, But Will They Really Help? published first on https://smartdrinkingweb.weebly.com/
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dinafbrownil · 4 years
Text
COVID-Tracking Apps Proliferate, But Will They Really Help?
My 18-year-old daughter, Caroline, responded quickly when I told her that she’d soon be able to download an app to alert her when she had been in risky proximity to someone with COVID-19, and that public health officials hoped to fight the pandemic with such apps.
“Yeah, but nobody will use them,” she replied.
My young smartphone addict’s dismissal sums up a burning question facing technologists around the country as they seek to develop and roll out apps to track the newly resurgent pandemic.
The app developers, and the public health experts who are watching closely, worry that if they do not engage enough people, the apps will fail to catch a significant number of infections and people at risk of infection. Their success relies on levels of compliance and public health competence that have been sorely lacking in the U.S. during the COVID crisis.
“We can’t even get people to wear masks in this country,” said Dr. Eric Topol, director of the Scripps Research Translational Institute in San Diego. “How are we going to get them to be diligent about using their phones to help with contact tracing?”
Don't Miss A Story
Subscribe to KHN’s free Weekly Edition newsletter, delivered every Friday.
Sign Up
Please confirm your email address below:
Sign Up
The tracking apps, a handful of which have already been launched in the U.S., enable cellphones to send signals to one another when they are nearby — and if they are equipped with the same app, or a compatible one. The devices keep a record of all their digital encounters, and later on, they alert users when someone with whom they were in physical proximity tests positive for the virus.
For an app to stop an outbreak in a given community, 60% of the population would have to use it, although a lower rate of participation could still reduce the number of cases and deaths, according to one recent study. Some say an adoption rate as low as 10% could provide benefits.
In many places where apps have been implemented so far, adoption has failed to reach even that lower threshold. In France, less than 3% of the population had activated the government-endorsed app, StopCovid, as of late June. Italy’s app had attracted about 6% of the population. The percentage of residents who have downloaded the app endorsed by North and South Dakota, Care19, is in the low single digits.
One exception is Germany, where more than 14% of the population downloaded the new Corona Warn App in the first week after its launch.
COVID-19 apps are generally intended to supplement the work of human contact tracers, who follow up with people who’ve tested positive for the virus, asking them where they’ve been and with whom they’ve been in contact. The tracers then contact those potentially exposed individuals and advise them on the next steps, such as testing or self-quarantine.
Human contact tracing, slow and laborious in the best of times, has been a notable failure in the United States so far: An insufficient number of sometimes inadequately trained people have been deployed, and the infected people they’ve contacted often won’t cooperate.
The prospects for digital tracing appear no better. “Ideally, we’d have a digital way to supplement the human contact tracing,” said Topol. But “there hasn’t been any place yet globally where there’s proof that it goes from a clever idea to really helping people.”
Close to 20 tracing apps are in use or under development in the U.S.
A growing number of U.S. app developers are targeting state health agencies because Google, the maker of Android cellphone software, and iPhone maker Apple won’t enable an app to use their joint platform without a state’s endorsement. The Google-Apple technology, despite very limited use so far, is considered by many the most promising platform.
However, many states are lukewarm to the Google-Apple technology — and to digital contact tracing more broadly. In a Business Insider survey published in June, only three states said they had committed to the Google-Apple model, while 19 — including California — were noncommittal. Seventeen states had no plans for a smartphone-based tracking system. The remaining 11 didn’t respond or gave unclear plans.
In April, California Gov. Gavin Newsom said his office was working with Apple and Google to make their technology a part of the state’s plan for easing out of the stay-at-home order. Two months later, the Golden State seems to have backed off the idea.
Instead, it is training 20,000 human contact tracers with the hope they will hit the ground running this month. The state’s Department of Public Health told California Healthline in an email that most contact tracing “can be done by phone, text, email and chat.”
Trust Is Important
The multiple obstacles to successful use of digital tracing apps include indifference or outright hostility to anti-COVID measures. Some people won’t even wear masks or are leery of other public health efforts.
Moreover, to the extent that people do adopt phone-based tracing, it might miss potential outbreaks among the hardest-hit populations — seniors and low-income people, who are less likely than others to engage with smartphones.
“If adoption is high among 20-year-olds and low among seniors and in nursing homes, we probably don’t want the result to be that seniors and nursing homes don’t get the attention they should get through contact-tracing efforts,” said Greg Nojeim, director of the Freedom, Security and Technology Project at the Center for Technology and Democracy in Washington, D.C.
Unresolved technical challenges could also hamper the effectiveness of the apps.
To capture risky close encounters between users, some apps employ GPS to track their location. Others use Bluetooth, which gauges the proximity of two cellphones to each other without revealing their whereabouts.
Neither approach is perfect at measuring distance, and either might incorrectly assess a COVID threat to users. GPS can tell if two people are at the same address, but not if they are on different floors of a building. Bluetooth determines distance based on the strength of a phone’s signal. But signal strength can be distorted if a phone is in somebody’s purse or pocket, and metal objects can also interfere with it.
The biggest barrier to public buy-in is the privacy question. Advocates of the Google-Apple system, which uses Bluetooth, say the two companies enhanced the prospects for wide adoption by addressing fundamental privacy concerns.
Google-Apple won’t allow apps to track the locations of smartphone users, and it ensures that all contacts traced are stored on the phones of individuals, not on a centralized database that would give public health authorities greater access to the information.
That means every decision based on the tracking data is up to the smartphone users. They decide whether to notify other app users if they contract the virus or whether to follow the advice — to self-quarantine and contact public health authorities — that would accompany an alert of possible exposure.
The Google-Apple system makes it easy for apps that use it to communicate with one another, which could be particularly important in multistate regions — the Washington metropolitan area, for example — where each state might have a different app and people frequently travel back and forth across state lines.
But developers of apps that don’t use the Google-Apple platform will struggle to sync with it, especially if their apps track locations or use a centralized server. Those include the Care19 app in the Dakotas and Healthy Together, Utah’s app, which both use GPS and Wi-Fi to track locations. Healthy Together also allows public health officials to see people’s names, phone numbers and location history.
These models are anathema to privacy-first app proponents, which might limit their uptake. In fact, North Dakota has announced it is planning a second app based on the Google-Apple technology.
Some public health experts, however, warn that the strong privacy focus of Google-Apple, to the exclusion of other important factors, may limit the value of the apps in tackling the pandemic.
“Apple-Google in their partnership have pretty narrowly defined what is acceptable,” said Jeffrey Kahn, director of Johns Hopkins University’s Berman Institute of Bioethics. “If these things are going to work as everyone hopes, we have to have a fuller and more soup-to-nuts discussion about all the parts that matter.”
This KHN story first published on California Healthline, a service of the California Health Care Foundation.
from Updates By Dina https://khn.org/news/covid-tracking-apps-proliferate-but-will-they-really-help/
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