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Career in Chartered Accountancy

Chartered accountancy is the essence of all business, large or small. The job of a chartered accountant includes auditing, taxation, accounting and financial planning etc. It can be a very demanding and rewarding task. Career opportunities after Chartered Accountancy are interesting. Chartered accountancy can be the first step towards other rewarding professions in finance, investment consultancy and fund management. The Chartered Accountancy course is conducted by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, which has its headquarters in New Delhi, 5 regional offices (Calcutta, Kanpur, Chennai, Mumbai and New Delhi) and 81 branches under these regional centers.

QUALIFICATION REQUIRED FOR CHARTERED ACCOUNTANCY

Over the years, the qualifications for becoming a CA have changed. one could believe of becoming a CA only after graduation, and a candidate had to undergo five years of articleship training.

The chartered accountancy’s distinctive feature is its curriculum, which is theoretical education with complementary practical training. A student would undergo theoretical education and practical training concurrently from the very beginning. This balanced approach helps the students to appreciate the underlying practical applications of the theoretical education scheme.

Common Proficiency Test (CPT) CPT is an entry level test of four subjects i.e. Accounting, Mercantile Laws, General Economics and Quantitative Aptitude.

Integrated Professional Competence Course (IPCC) This is the first phase of the CA curriculum in which only working knowledge of the core and related topics of the accounting profession is addressed. IPCC topics are categorized into two groups that a student can study and appear in group-wise examination or both groups together. IPCC is designed to improve knowledge of accountancy linked to accounting standards to build strong foundation for developing knowledge of financial reporting at the final stage. The students update their knowledge of business communication, business strategies, taxes, information technology and audit.

CA Final CA Final covers advanced application knowledge of core subjects like financial reporting, strategic financial management, advanced management accounting, advanced auditing and professional ethics and information systems control and audit. In addition, principles of e-governance, corporate and allied laws, international taxation and VAT are important features of the updated subject contents.

Articleship   The students after passing Group I of IPCC will register for Articleship for a period of three years with experienced CAs. Certain rules do apply – CAs with 16 years of experience and above can take on about 8 articles, those with less experience can train fewer articles and these teachers or ‘Principals’ as they are called, can be changed during the course of training. An agreement of training needs to be executed before it begins. During the training time, articles learn the technical details of the work and as time passes, they are given larger assignments with less supervision. All articled clerks are paid a stipend depending on their city’s population.

WHERE TO START ?

In today’s competitive globe of cut throat, it is advisable for a student to start planning right after class 10. A student can register with the Board of Studies for chartered accountancy and prepare for the entry level exam while studying 10 + 2. It is better to take mathematics at this level. Students of commerce stream definitely have an advantage while pursuing this career. The latest scheme of CA is designed to encourage young talented students having aptitude for accounting education to make an early entry into the profession.

WHAT WOULD IT COST ?

Unlike other professional courses, the fee for becoming a CA is very less, which is inclusive of the cost of study material. For registering with IPPC you have to shell out Rs 9000 while the fee for CPT is Rs 6700.

JOB PROSPECTS

On completion of the training, the candidates need to gain membership to the ICAI before they can start practicing as a CA.

A member wishing to practice in India or abroad needs to obtain a Certificate of Practice from the ICAI, the yearly fee of which is Rs. 400. Once the membership is taken, the practicing member cannot work in any other business or occupation without taking permission from the council; they are only permitted to work in areas as specified in the CA regulations.

JOLE ROLES:

A Chartered Accountant’s work area has become so wide and involves so many activities that sometimes a CA is perceived as almost an enigma. A CA can start career with auditing activities, which is the basic work area of a CA. From here a more fulfilling career in finance can be pursed after getting enough exposure of intricacies of finance. As an investment consultant and as a fund manager a CA can play the role of a top decision maker. CAs also work in project management and consultancy services.

SALARY FOR CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT :

For CA Inter: Generally candidates holding CA inter-qualification are paid somewhere between Rs 7,500 and 15,000 depending on the type of firm.

Payments can be higher for candidates possessing other qualifications such as M.Com or an MBA.

On the other hand starting salaries can be as little as Rs 4,500 to 5,000 in some small towns of the country.

For CA Final (FCA): Starting salaries range between Rs 12,000 to 30,000 depending on the type of firm and nature of the economy.

A fully fledged CA can expect a salary between Rs 30,000 to 75,000 after serving a stint of more than 5 years at a top firm.

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Career Options After 12th

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Future Scope Of Agricultural Science

Despite rapid strides in modernization and India’s march towards globalization, agriculture has always been the backbone of our economy. It still employs more than two third of the labour force in the country and is a major contributor to our national economy.

It meets our basic need for food and also the requirement, for the raw material needed by the manufacturing sector. Science and Technology have contributed significantly to agriculture in terms of improving productivity and quality.

In order to gain a foothold in the highly competitive global market and to make major gains in the export market, there is an increasing demand for professionally qualified people in this sector. Hence nowadays many educational institutes and universities have started courses to groom professionals in this important subject area.

Career in Agriculture is one of the largest industries and a good source of employment across the country. You should know about detailed information about career opportunities in agriculture Science.

Agriculture Science Eligibility Criteria

Ideally you should have Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (PCB) combination in your 10+2. It will be also advantageous if you study Mathematics as well at the Class 12 level. 

At Bachelors level, ideal courses are 3-year or 4-year degree courses in Agricultural Science, Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Science and Technology, or Food Science and Agriculture.

Alternative options at the Bachelors level are Food Science, Biotechnology, Environmental Science, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Botany etc. 

To have a career in R&D, you will require a higher degree (Masters or PhD). You can gain more advantage by pursuing a higher degree from abroad.

Given the scope of business and management within the agricultural sector, Masters degree in Finance, Marketing, Business Analytics, Data Analytics or an MBA can be very helpful.

The agriculture sector demands a lot of planning, problem-solving and management skills. So, a general or specialized MBA can provide you a great career. Some of the key areas of MBA in Agri-Business are Agricultural Markets, Agricultural Pricing, Agricultural Law, Agricultural Trading & Merchandising, Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Data Analytics, and Farm Management. 

Knowledge, Skills & Attributes :

Good communication skills

The ability to analyze and solve problems

The ability to make accurate and detailed observations

Patience

An interest in agriculture and the environment

An understanding of business principles

  Areas and Scientific (R&D) Career Options Within Agricultural Science :  

The major four broad areas under agricultural sciences are food science, plant science, soil science and animal science.

Agriculture Science Job Prospects

Agriculture is a vast and diversified field, offering numerous career options. Other than those directly engaged in farming and other allied activities, the industry needs people in areas of research and development and agro-industry. Then there are specialized areas, with good career prospects, like 

Horticulture, 

Floriculture, 

Dairy,

Poultry Farming, 

Fishery

Agricultural Sales, 

Marketing & Merchandising,

Banking & Audit,

Journalism & Communication and so forth. 

Agriculture Science Pay Package

The monthly remuneration of a fresh graduate in agricultural sciences appointed by respective state or central government starts from Rs.7000 and goes up to Rs.17, 000 depending upon experience and total years of service.

District agricultural inspector/officer gets monthly salary more than Rs.12, 000. The salary of agricultural scientists varies between Rs.18, 000 and 25, 000.

The salary of agricultural science professionals in private sector is more as compared to public sector. They get good salary apart from other benefits as fixed by the respective firm/company.

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What Needs To Be Studied After 12th To Become A Lawyer?

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Law is one of the popular career choices in our country for a long time. Those whose families have been in the profession for generations generally choose to study law as well. However, it is not compulsory to have a family history in law to become a lawyer, nor is it essential that you belong to an affluent family. Anyone can choose to study law as long as one is passionate about it.

Traditionally, students could specialize in either civil or criminal law. However, this idea has altered and now students can choose to specialize in any of the multiple alternatives provided such as patent laws, corporate legislation, etc.A law degree not only allows you to practice as a lawyer in the company's judiciary, but also opens up career possibilities in industries such as corporate management, legal services and administrative services.

Law is a career which requires loads of patience and logical skills. It takes loads of hard work and dedication to become a successful lawyer. First generation lawyers particularly face numerous problems in their profession as is true of every other profession. It becomes easier if one trains under a Senior Counsel in the beginning of their career. This is not to say that newbies cannot make it own their own. Anything is possible with determination and of course, hard work. Great communication skills and a faculty for critical analysis and articulation are pre-requisites for lawyers. Therefore, one should analyze these points before opting for law as a career.

Education for Lawyers:

Students interested in making a career in law can either do a three-year law course after graduation in any discipline or a 5 years’ course after 12th class.

Candidates must have a minimum of 50% marks in their graduation degree. 

In most instances, schools only operate the 3-year course for those whose primary specialization in graduation is something other than law, or working professionals who want to do an LLB as an extra qualification.

In reality, the 3-year course is now giving way to the 5 year course, which is seen as a better option.

The five-year course is intended for those who want to take up the law as a profession – be it as a litigator or any other type of legal professional.

The LLB course is regulated by the Bar Council of India which sets rules and regulations regarding legal practice in the country. Any specialization is done at masters, MPhil or PhD stage. A higher degree helps candidates get jobs in academics.

Law entrance exam :

After finishing the senior secondary examination, a candidate can begin preparing for the law entrance exam undertaken at domestic level for 5 years of BA LLB at multiple National Law Schools. The domestic law entrance test, CLAT (Combined Law Admission Test), basically tests the student's general English, legal ability, general knowledge, logical abilities, etc.

Qualities Every Good Lawyer Should Have:

The skills you need for your ideal career are something that you can work on and develop over time. Here are a few that you should consider working on if you aspire to be a successful lawyer:

Analytical skills. Lawyers help their clients resolve problems and issues. As a result, they must be able to analyze large amounts of information, determine relevant facts, and propose viable solutions.

Interpersonal skills. Lawyers must win the respect and confidence of their clients by building a trusting relationship so that clients feel comfortable enough to share personal information related to their case.

Problem-solving skills. Lawyers must separate their emotions and prejudice from their clients' problems and objectively evaluate the relevant applicable information. Therefore, good problem-solving skills are important for lawyers, to prepare the best defense and recommendations for their clients.

Research skills. Lawyers need to be able to find those laws and regulations which apply to a specific matter, in order to provide the appropriate legal advice for their clients.

Speaking skills. Lawyers must be able to clearly present and explain their case to arbitrators, mediators, opposing parties, judges, or juries, because they are speaking on behalf of their clients.

Writing skills. Lawyers need to be precise and specific when preparing documents, such as wills, trusts, and powers of attorney.

Job Prospects

There are huge opportunities for a law graduate. One can either practice as an advocate in a court of law or work with corporate firms.

By clearing exams conducted by Public Service Commissions, a law graduate can become a judge.

After gaining experience, a law graduate can hope to become Solicitor General, a Public Prosecutor or offer services to government departments and ministries.

One can also work as a legal adviser for various organisations. Teaching in colleges, working with NGOs and working as a reporter for newspapers and television channels are other attractive options.

Job Roles :

Criminal Lawyer: Specializes in criminal laws CrPC, IPC, Evidence Act and various other penal laws.

Civil Litigation Lawyer: Specializes in civil laws e.g. taxation laws, excise laws.

Legal Analyst: Works for corporate firms or law firms and analyses laws pertaining to the sphere of the company and its operation.

Document Drafting Lawyer: Specialises in drafting various documents containing agreements, terms and conditions, case material, etc.

Legal Journalist: Covers crime beats, legal proceedings in courts, arbitration courts, international courts and arbitration events.

Legal Advisor: Offers consultancy to corporate firms regarding their legal obligations, duties, legal relations with other firms.

Government Lawyer: Works for the government and in close coordination with the police.

Judge: Offers judgment after conducting the court proceedings and hearing al the concerned parties.

Pay Scale :

A lawyer who wishes to start practicing in  a court can get a stipend of Rs 5000 to Rs 40,000 depending upon the advocate he is associated with, a law graduate working with Legal Process Outsourcing receives can earn attractive salary in the range of Rs 20,000 and Rs 50,000.

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All You Need To Know About Career In MBBS

Career in MBBS & higher studies is very rewarding for the students, those interested in science and dealing with treating sick peoples.

An MBBS degree is the undergraduate course for aspirants who want to fulfill their dream of becoming a doctor. Compared to Engineering Field, Medical Line is quite difficult. A degree in medicine has never been easy. The most common and designated degree of doctors is the MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery). These are the two bachelor degrees in one field as the Medicine Bachelor and the Surgery Bachelor. The MBBS is a medical-related undergraduate program. It takes 5.5 years to complete the degree, including one year of rotational internship in hospitals, health centres and health camps arranged by Non-Profit Organizations (NGOs). A person holding the MBBS degree becomes a certified medical practitioner.

Pursuing the MBBS course is very difficult. After the 12th, this course is now in high demand from the students.Students are trained all about human anatomy, human cytology, medicine, chemistry, pharmaceutical, chemistry, drug formulation & impact, and surgical technique through this course.The career specialisations for MBBS students are Nephrology, Cardiology, Gynecology, Anesthesiology, Organ Transplant, Endocrine, and General Surgery etc.

ELIGIBILITY FOR MBBS DEGREE

Candidates must have passed Class 10+2/higher Secondary/Pre-University qualifying examination with Science subjects i.e. Physics, Chemistry and Zoology/Botany. They also must have studied English as a main subject for their qualifying examination.

Moreover, candidates also need to fulfil the age limit criteria i.e. they must have completed 17 years of age at the time of admissions.

There are additional eligibility conditions as mentioned by the regulatory authorities for MBBS i.e. Medical Council of India (MCI).

SUBJECTS IN MBBS

In MBBS course curriculum, aspiring doctors not only learn about everything in and around Medical and Health care Industry, but they also learn the ethical practices, get to intern with hospitals and volunteering projects. Check table below for subjects in MBBS course-

Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) Syllabus

Anatomy                                      --       Dermatology & Venereology

Biochemistry                                --        Medicine

Physiology                                   --        Obstetrics & Gynecology

Forensic Medicine & Toxicology  --        Ophthalmology

Microbiology                                --        Orthopaedics

Pathology                                    --        Otorhinolaryngology

Pharmacology                             --        Paediatrics

Anesthesiology                            --       Psychiatry

Community Medicine                   --       Surgery

COURSE & DURATION

The MBBS is a 5.5 year (4.5 years academic education + 1 year mandatory internship) UG degree programme leading to the two degrees as Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery.

The MBBS is one of the most sought courses after 12th science in medical field. There are so many colleges and universities from across the countries which are offering the MBBS course.

The students, who have cleared the 10+2 examination and they had the Physics, Chemistry and Biology in 12th stream, may go for the MBBS degree course.

The MBBS is the only course in India to become a medical doctor. The MBBS course contains the basic subjects like physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, anatomy, pharmacology and pathology.

It is the course with hands on training with five years long. The students interact with the patient and get the practical knowledge of diseases.

THE SKILLS REQUIRED TO MAKE A CAREER IN MBBS:

Ability to work with a team

Deep interest in being a helping professional

Good Stamina

Responsible Attitude

Patience and Compassion

Constant updating of skills and knowledge

Mental alertness at all times

CAREER & JOBS

After completing the MBBS course, the first question arises in your mind, “What after MBBS?”

For the better prospect of your career you should have some skills like deep knowledge in the field, good diagnosing ability, responsibility, self-confidence, caring nature, counseling skill and good communication so as to interact with your patients.

There are good job and career opportunities for the students after getting the degree in medical as a doctor. It is the professional field with 100% job placement. No one in the country, who has the MBBS degree and has no job.

After completing the MBBS degree successfully, there are two options for the students: either start their own venture or go for a job in the medical field. Students can also go for the government jobs as a doctor or join a private health firm. There are good future scopes in the field of medical.

You may be hired by the medical college, hospitals, nursing home, health corporations, health ministry, medical health society, back office medical consultancy and pharmaceutical industries. You can also work as physician, prescribes medicines & treatment for disease, research while surgeons perform operations.

THE JOB PROFILES OF THE MBBS MAY BE THE FOLLOWING:

Junior doctors

Doctors

Physician

Junior Surgeons

Medical Professor or Lecturer

Researcher

Scientist

SOME EMPLOYMENT AREAS ARE GIVEN HERE:

Hospitals

Laboratories

Biomedical Companies

Nursing Homes

Medical Colleges

Health Centres

Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies

SALARY

The salary of the MBBS degree holder is depends upon how much knowledge & experience you have. The initial salary of a medical graduate doctor may be the Rs. 20,000 to Rs. 35,000 per month. After getting the experience and good hands on in this field, the candidate may get the handsome salary as 8 to 10 lakh per annum.

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