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Falling Apart by Great Lake Swimmers b/w The Talking Wind [Alternate Links: BandCamp - Spotify - YouTube]
#music#canadian music#great lake swimmers#nettwerk#nettwerk music group#tony dekker#mary lattimore#j.j. ipsen#anthony m. dekker#chris stringer#chris w. stringer#alex gamble#SoundCloud
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Pro Wrestling Illustrated: June 1994
HOGAN VS. STING YES! (Well, sort of)
Last May they had a âSuperstar Summitâ in Japan. Now Sting is guest-starring on Hoganâs new TV series, Thunder In Paradise, and the action on the set has been stirring. Who knowsâtheir next meeting could be in the ringâŚ
By Dave Lenker
Photos by Neal Nachman
[Jimmy Hart is ready for action on Hulk Hoganâs new syndicated series Thunder In Paradise (left). WCW star Sting has a recurring role as Hoganâs antagonist (Above).
The wait had been such a long one. For years, wrestling fans have been anticipating the ultimate clash of their superheroes. In one corner, three-time WCW World champion Sting. In the other, five-time WWF World titleholder and the most popular wrestler of all-time, Hulk Hogan.
If they ever did come to blows, where would it happen? New Yorkâs Madison Square Garden? Atlantaâs Omni? Torontoâs SkyDome? Japanâs Tokyo Dome?... A swamp in Orlando, Florida? Thatâs rightâa swamp in Orlando.
There they were, the âHulksterâ and the âStinger,â violently struggling on a boat, fierce determination showing on the faces of both men. A few minutes later, theyâre standing waist-deep in the chilly water. Sting charges at Hogan, large tree branch in hand. Hulk anticipates the move and sends him crashing into the water with a well-timed back-bodydrop.
That doesnât stop Sting. More ferocious than ever, he scoops up his foreign object, scrambles out of the water, and continues swinging the branch. Soon heâs got the âHulksterâ pinned against a tree. Sting attempts to choke Hogan, but is thwarted. Hogan seizes his chances and wears down Sting with a sleeperhold.
The action continues unhindered for a few more minutes, then comes to an abrupt halt when the director yells, âCut!â
[Perhaps someday the âHulksterâ and the âStringerâ will exchange moves like these in the wrestling ring. Itâs been a while since Sting used a foreign object ⌠or was without face paint, for that matter!
Sting and Hogan go at it during fight scenes. Thunder In Paradise will air in most U.S. television markets this spring and was created by the people behind the phenomenally successful Baywatch.]
After that itâs all smiles. Sting and Hogan towel off, wrap themselves in jackets, and discuss how they might make the scene even better in the next take.Â
No, this was no bizarre specialty match created by an overzealous wrestling promoter. All the movies were choreographed by the director of Thunder In Paradise. There are still no definite plans for Sting and Hogan to go toe-to-toe in the ring. For now, weâll have to settle for this, the next best thing.
Thunder In Paradise is Hoganâs new syndicated action-adventure TV series. The two-hour pilot was scheduled to air in most markets on March 21, with weekly one-hour episodes starting the following week. Hogan plays ex-Navy SEAL Hurricane Spencer, while Sting has a recurring role as Hammerhead, an ex-SEAL gone bad. (He hadnât been a rulebreaker since his UWF days.)
Chris Lemmon and Carol Alt are Hoganâs main co-stars. Also appearing regularly are wrestlers Brutus Beefcake and Jim Neidhart, as well as Hulkâs manager, Jimmy, the leader of a reggae band. Added to the mix of course, are several dozen buxom, bikini-clad beauties. What else would you expect from the people who created Baywatch, the worldâs most watched syndicated series?
[Hogan and Sting practice a stunt they will shoot shortly (left). Sting relies on the âHulksterâsâ acting experience for guidance. They keep warm after a fight in the water (below); might they be pondering a bout on canvas?]
âWe have a great cast and crew here,â said Hogan, who is also one of the showâs executive producers. âSting is a natural in front of the camera. Even though we were just acting, he showed me just how tough he is. Iâm glad Iâm not caught in a feud with him.â
âActing is a lot of fun,â said Sting. âHulk is a pro. He helped me out a lot out there. I guess you could say it was like a swamp death match that we had.â
âIâd be lying to you if I told you I didnât think a little bit about what it would be like to wrestle Hulk for real, in a wrestling ring somewhere, with about 50,000 fans screaming their lungs out for us. Maybe someday.â
[Bottom: From left, Brutus Beefcake, Hogan, Hart, Him Neidhart, and Chris Lemmon, as well as the reasons Thunder In Paradise is expected to be a smash hit.]
#sting#wcw#world championship wrestling#magazine scan#magazine transcript#PWI#pro wrestling illustrated#1994#PWI 1990s#1990s
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Nabeâs Predicament
In Summary:
The Nabe-Miyuki-Zono arc is quite possibly one of the most refreshing Daiya arcs for the sole reason that itâs a conflict that happened outside the field instead of on it. But besides that, it was truly an eye-opening one, and itâs something so petty and yet something much deeper than what it seems. Itâs very controversial? People are still talking about it even if itâs been resolved a long time ago. And itâs ridiculous how much people want to drag it out.
The Nabe arc was an arc that exposed what Miyuki lacks as a captain, what the team needed to address, the 2nd stringersâ struggles, etc. It was a very important phase in Seidoâs development as a team. In my opinion, it was not designed for fans to decide who was wrong and who wasnât. In fact, no one was truly right or wrong in that situation. Itâs perfectly valid to understand which side more? It was a minor disagreement, and people will either be Miyuki or Zono in that situation who were more or less two opposite sides of the spectrum. I personally side with Kuramochi, but realistically, there was a much better way to address that conflict w/o anyone getting hurt.
Nabeâs Problem
Terajima prefaces Watanabe Hisashi (better known as Nabe) as a rather meek character. The first time we see him, he attempts to approach Miyuki to talk about something but backs down immediately after losing the confidence to continue.


(Daiya no Ace Act I, Ch. 258)
We find out eventually that he and his friends (Kudo and Higashio) have been feeling some sort of distance, a vast difference in motivation between themselves and the rest of the team. We have never seen Nabe before this, and it makes sense. Heâs a player who has always been sidelined, just like the rest of the team that never had the slightest chance of making it into the 20-man roster.
Nabeâs problem is brought up again by Miyuki himself, which takes us to the next segment.
From Miyukiâs Perspective
Basically, Miyuki can be stubbornly annoying about his own set of beliefs, but ultimately, he always means well. Weâve already established that Nabe is kind of shy. Heâs not very forward about his thoughts and convictions, so Miyuki had to bring up the issue again; otherwise, it wouldâve stayed up in the air for an indefinite time. Conveniently, Nabe brought books for review, and Miyuki caught on to what he was about to say before he could talk more.


(Daiya no Ace Act I, Ch. 260)
âBy that, you mean you want to quit the team?â â...I canât stop someone who says he wants to quit of his own will.â Miyuki assumed Nabe was already decided, but he hadnât considered why Nabe came to talk in the first place. Thatâs where things went wrong. Just hearing those words from a big shot like Miyuki left no space for Nabe in that conversation. He was talking over him. Miyuki is GOOD at reading people but only really when it comes to baseball. Even when he was trying to help Eijun through his yips, we see how heâd failed to comfort Eijun when he went and poked at his lack of control and âstupidity.â That kind of prodding and encouragement only works On The Field when Eijun is looking at the prize and not when heâs already caught up in his own thoughts and insecurities. (EDIT: After reading into it more, I think Miyuki wanted to provoke Eijun into focusing singly on one thing, instead of getting caught up in his thoughts about something he canât do. BEFORE heâd turned him over to Chris. But this is for another discussion.) The same thing happens with Nabe, because Miyuki fails to take into account who heâs talking to as well as other important things. To put it simply, Nabe, Kudo and Higashio were already feeling extremely alienated, because they felt the difference in motivation watching everyone else. For Miyuki to go ahead and say something that could potentially make someone feel disposable and replaceable, he didnât exactly help Nabe figure things out on his own.
So chaos ensues, and the team confronts him about it.
From Zonoâs Perspective
On the other hand, Zono is someone who has a lot of ~feelings~ regarding things like teamwork, friendship and whatnot. Zono might be a little more idealistic. Clearly, thereâs a difference in values here. Thatâs mostly what it is. So feeling extremely passionate about this, Zono lashes out on Miyuki. From his perspective, Nabe came to Miyuki because he wanted to talk, but the conversation turned out to be more one-sided than heâd expected. And that frustrated Zono who understands what Nabe must feel. Miyuki has his own set of issues, but not being secure in his position was never one of them. Letâs be honest. Miyuki has the confidence to challenge The Best because he has the potential to beat The Best. But not everyoneâs like him. Not everyone is the teamâs indisputable 4-hole or indisputable starting catcher.


(Daiya no Ace Act I, Ch. 272)
Zonoâs frustration at Miyuki was valid, but to take it out on him was not. Instead, in an ideal scenario where teenagers have an incredibly good grasp of their emotions, Zono would have taken the most logical step and given Miyuki a possible and better resolution. Or assisted him. If he really thought he was right and cared so much about the situation more than his own feelings, he would have already approached Nabe.
The Resolution
Now that thatâs out of the way, the more pressing issue is to talk about how they eventually resolved it. Because I donât think enough people talk about how they did. Surprisingly, I think Kataoka offered the best, most reasonable response to the situation. So Nabe and friends are called to the coachâs den or whatever you call it, and they bring up the thing about switching to managerial positions. Here, I think Nabe had already decided to quit. Which is valid. But Kataokaâs words really hit.


(Daiya no Ace Act I, Ch. 296)
Kataoka gives rise to the question:Â âWho are you swinging for?â He doesnât give them a definite answer, but he gives them space to think. To break it down, Kataoka admits that the system can be unfair to players like Nabe who could never get their chance. By doing this, he does not delude them into thinking they will surely get their chance. But swinging their bats every single chance they could will definitely take them somewhere. Because they arenât on the team only to play for Seido, theyâre also doing this for their own sakes. Itâs hopeful and realistic. It doesnât tread into the defeatist attitude that could make players feel like theyâre playing for a fruitless cause (looking at you, Miyuki). It doesnât sugarcoat things either, because itâs okay to give up sometimes, and you donât have to force yourself if youâre no longer into it (looking at you, Zono). If thereâs still a fire burning inside of them, then they donât have to give up yet. Kataoka takes from both Zono and Miyukiâs POVs and provides Nabe and friends more space to think and eventually decide.
Hereâs a quick run-through of the resolution on Miyuki and Zonoâs parts! Itâs admirable how Miyuki consulted Tetsu instead of letting the issue be. Season 2 is where Miyuki learns to take responsibility. Because S1 Miyuki was a lot more playful and ~free~. He just let things happen before the enormity of things would eventually dawn on him (See: Eijunâs reaction to the home run heâd given up the first time). Miyuki makes sure to approach Nabe and make him ~feel~ part of the team, apologizing in-game, thanking him for the data, etc. This continues until after consulting Tetsu. On the other hand, Zono only realized things after Junâd confronted him about it. After That Talk, Zono realized where he was wrong and attempted to make amends with both Miyuki and Nabe.Â
In Conclusion
That arc wasnât meant for fans to side with Miyuki or Zono and to criticize the other, to hold them accountable for it even after both have grown since then. Itâs stupid to drag out something thatâs already been resolved ages ago. What instead could be drawn from that arc is the difference in values between an absolute genius and someone who has to work twice as hard to get to a certain level of skill. Miyuki is by no means a readymade genius; he just has a natural feel for baseball to the extent that he was promoted to first string as soon as he joined the team. On the other hand, Zono has to put in more work to even get on Miyukiâs level. And this arc opened our eyes to the reality of the players on the sidelines, the players on the stands. Much of it is also deciding things FOR yourself, to learn when to step down and give up and when to keep pushing. Thereâs so much nuance and room for discussion. But people make it seem so much simpler than it really is.
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Tattoo/Christian, Superhero AU.
The one where Tattoo is a Superhero and Christian is a reporter who always ends up being saved by him.
(Tat is your generic superman - super strength, super vision, super speed, all that jazz.)
(A fun fact - I actually started writing this as Tattoo/Baby G, but ended up writing Christian, behavior-wise, so I changed the pairing to Tat/Chris. Although there is still a few Baby G-ish traits to him I decided not to edit out, cuz itâs just more fun that way, isnât it.)
Itâs Friday night and Jimin could think of a million ways how to spend it in style.
Like, having a hot bath with candles and a glass of Bordeaux. Classic. One could never go wrong with classic on a Friday night. And that was his plan for the day. Hell, heâs been looking towards it all week, but the plan has changed and thatâs why Jimin is not currently soaking in himalayan salts, but instead soaking his ass in some dank-ass basement, all tied and gagged up like someoneâs messed up idea of a Christmas present.
(Sadly, that wouldnât even be the first time - the criminals around here lack both brains and originality, like, big time.)
Times like these, Jimin truly hates this city. Times like these, he swears as soon as heâs outta here, he will pack his shit and catch the first bus out of this hellhole, because heâs had enough of this bullshit.
Why him? Just...why?
A rhetorical question, mind you. He bloody knows why.
It all started with Mr. Titanium Glutes, or Tattoo, who spawned out of nowhere one day, like most superheros do, in his spanking new spandex briefs and has been stealing the front pages across editorials all over city ever since.
Meanwhile, Jimin was just a modest reporter (with awesome hair and scintillating smile) who did his job. And sometimes that job had him doing some footwork, sending him places no-sane-person-would-ever, putting his life at risk and other occupational hazards.
Running away from enraged crime mobs was nothing new to him. Little did he know, however, how much of a pesky menace Tattoo would become once they get to know each other a little better. Despite all Jiminâs attempts to minimize their contact as much as possible.
There is only so much he could do, however. Heâs not a miracle worker, after all. His job is dangerous and dangerous spells Tattoo in big sparkling letters. The man would just turn up, whenever a shitstorm rolled in, to save those in need with his superhuman strength.
And yes, Jimin might have been a hair away from the imminent death, but was he in need? Hell no.
He never asked to be saved. Never asked to be held like he was made of glass. And he definitely didnât ask Tattoo to look at him like a lovesick fool. (Must be the hair, dammit.) Naturally, it was exactly the moment when a million of stringers around the area chose to snap their best winning shot of the day - and ever since that day Jimin has gotten unfortunate notoriety and a new nickname...
Lois Fucking Lane.
Inevitably siccing every single villain who has beef with Tattoo on Jiminâs ass. Which is, like, the entirety of the criminal underworld by now.
Gee, thanks.
âStupid rope,â Jimin mutters under his breath, struggling to loosen the knot holding his wrists together just enough to hopefully slip a hand out and undo the binds.
Whomever kidnapped him was stupid enough to leave him and his tiny hands unsupervised and is so going to suffer for it, because Jimin also has a superpower - in times of need, his tiny hands have the capacity to become even tinier. Heâs a badass like that, obviously.
A few little huffs and puffs later, Jimin lets out a happy little squeal, wiggling his hands free and tackling the foot binds next. Followed by a nasty gag that smells like something Jimin doesnât want to linger on too much to avoid a lifelong trauma.
Although free and unbounded, it still leaves him locked up inside a dimly lit basement, containing nothing but a rusty tankard left forgotten on a shoddy wooden chair in the corner.
Jimin has a mind to kick it in frustration when he makes out faint footsteps approaching from behind the door. In panic, he grabs the chair, the rusty tankard flying off with much racket.
Jimin cringes, cussing out loud, as he hurries to take point next to the door, readying the chair above his head. If he is to die tonight, at least heâll take one of those motherfuckers with him.
He holds his breath as seconds stretch into long moments of waiting. Then, the door knob turns and Jimin squeezes his eyes shut, smashing the chair down on whomever glides right in.
The man doesnât even flinch as the chair disintegrates into dust upon contact, raising a cloud of fine specks to float in the air. Jimin stumbles back by the sheer force of the impact, air caught in his lungs. He wheezes loudly, struggling to catch his breath. He feels a hundred years old, for some reason, utterly tuckered out. Who knew that holding that chair for two seconds could be so damn exhausting.
âW-what the hell are you doing here?â he finally stutters out, shooting a glower at Tattoo who just stands there, arms crossed over his massive chest, thoroughly amused by Jiminâs fumbling around.
âOh câmon, toots, you just jumped me with a chair. I donât exactly expect a written apology, but a kiss would be nice, donât you think?â Tattoo intones as he flicks away a few splinters off his bicep. âBesides, one would think youâd get the memo by now. Your knight in shining spandex has arrived. Now gimme my kiss.â
âShut up,â Jimin grouses. âWhere are the scumbags who kidnapped me?â
âProbably running for their lives now,â Tattoo shrugs. âIâll deal with them later, donât worry.â
âIf you can find them, that is,â Jimin scoffs.
âOh I will,â Tattoo adds smugly. âJust like I always find you, toots.â
It occurs to Jimin then that Tattoo indeed is infallible when it comes to tracking him down just in time before the heat. If only he hadnât been too preoccupied being exasperated with the man half the time, he would have questioned it much sooner.
âSuper hearing,â Tattoo explains then, tapping next to his ear, looking like heâs about to burst from smugness. âI always listen in if my toots is in trouble.â
âFirst, Iâm not yours, second, excuse me??â Jimin seethes. âYou canât do that. This is violation of my privacy. I know my rights, dumbass.â
The look Tattoo gives him is far from remorseful. His unapologetic grin shines like a beacon of self-righteousness.
âThen go ahead and sue me, toots. Iâd rather have you mad at me than hurt,â Tattoo says before adding in a voice that belongs in a bedroom with moody lighting. âBesides, I usually tune out for a while then you...ah, you know. Even if those are the prettiest little sounds Iâve ever heard anyone make with their mouth.â
Heat creeps onto Jiminâs cheeks as he gawks at Tattoo, feeling disarmed and stripped naked, metaphorically, of course.
âYou didnât...â he whispers.
Tattooâs big stupid grin tells otherwise.
What a fucking sleazy bastard.
Mind gone black, Jimin turns on his heels and wobbles out of the creaky door and up the steep staircase, so steep in fact, he has to almost crawl up the steps, hating himself for choosing skintight jeans to wear today. As much as he loves how they hug his thighs, he hates the very idea of treating that douchebag to the dreamy panorama of his ass. He doesnât even need to look over his shoulder to know that Tattoo is watching him go like a creep.
Because Tattoo is a creep, regardless of how many grannies he saves per day. And Jimin just happened to catch his fancy. Oh woe is him.
He pushes the heavy door and finds himself in a quiet back alley, heaps of trash bags and not a soul in the vicinity.
âEh, toots?â Tattoo calls after him, hot on his heels, as always.
âIâm not talking to you. Ever.â
âSure, but I think youâd still like to know that there is a huge damp spot on your ass that looks like you peed yourself, just saying,â Tattoo supplies helpfully. âDid you really pee yourself?â
Tattoo looks genuinely concerned for him while Jimin cranks his neck this way and that to access the damage done. His ass does feel wet to the touch.
âYou know itâs okay if you did,â Tattoo continues, nodding to himself. âI wonât judge. Weâve all been there. Well, not me, obviously, but I still find you hot, donât worry about th-â
âJesus fuck, will you shut up?â Jimin barks at him. âI didnât pee myself, you asshole. I sat in a fucking puddle for an hour, okay? And itâs all your damn fault.â
âI know.â
Tattoo sounds somber, for a change, all usual mirth gone, which makes Jimin eye him suspiciously. Did the bastard suddenly grow a conscience?
Then, Tattoo holds his hands out, squeezing the fingers in a grabbing motion, shamelessly lewd.
âHop on,â he pipes, eyebrows wiggling. âCâmon, toots, you know the drill.â
(Or maybe not.)
A million curses later, Jimin finds himself successfully loaded into Tattooâs arms. What choice does he have? Brave the streets with damp asscheeks? Hell no.
Arms wrapped around the bastardâs neck, Jimin tries to think happy thoughts - like choking Tattoo to death with his tiny hands which gradually translates into choking Tattoo with his thighs which ends up with Jimin power-riding Tattooâs face, choking him with his ass.
His thoughts are weird, so what.
He just hopes that Tattoo doesnât have a telepathic ability or anything of that sort, becauseâŚ
(Heâs totally fucked, isnât he?)
Only the bastard doesnât take him home as Jimin belatedly discovers. While in the air, Jimin keeps his eyes squeezed tight because Jimin and heights donât mix well, so when he opens them, deeming it safe, what welcomes him is not his balcony with petunias from his mum.
âWhat in the frack is this?â he says, wobbly on his feet, soaking in the sight of a lonely tent on the roof of some apartment building. The inside of the tent, decorated with fairy lights, are layered cozily with blankets and throw pillows. Jimin spies a food basket and a bottle of wine, which leaves little room for misunderstanding - he knows what in the frack this is.
A romantic roof picnic set for two.
He faces Tattoo then, hands akimbo, and taps his foot impatiently, waiting for explanations.
âWell,â Tattoo starts. âI hope you like chicken, toots. Itâs organic, I promise.â
âDid I ask you to do this for me?â Jimin asks, unamused.
âNo, you didnât,â Tattoo replies, looking too somber for comfort for the second time this night. His chest sinks with a sigh as he rubs the back of his neck, a touch sheepish. âListen, I wanted to apologize. Better late than never, right? Iâm sorry for making you a target even if it was not my intention, I just...Iâll be back in a second.â
Jimin has barely any time to blink as Tattoo flashes in and out of his sight, only this time, the spandex suit is gone and, in a way, Tattoo is gone, too. What Jimin sees in front of him is a guy in a hoodie, sweats and a pair of round glasses. What the..?
âMy name is Jungkook,â the guy says. âApart from doing, you know, superhero stuff, Iâm an average student who majors in culinary arts with a minor in photography. I love video games and working out even though I break pretty much every gear I touch, so I donât. I have a doting mum and a little brother. Theyâre normal, by the way, in case you wanted to know. I donât know why Iâm the way I am. My favorite color is yellow and hey, Iâm single.âÂ
The guy, Jungkook, wraps his speech up with a stupid wink and even a stupider grin and the only reason why Jimin doesnât shove him off the roof is because of the major cognitive dissonance heâs experiencing right now.
So he lets it slide, just this once.
âYou really are an idiot, arenât you?â he says, quiet, hugging himself from the chill of the night. âWhy would you expose yourself like that. Thatâs stupid.â
âBecause I think itâs only fair after all Iâve put you through, besides I know that you wonât tell anybody,â Jungkook smiles cheekily. âAnd I donât know how about you, but Iâm starving, all this superpower canât sustain itself on air, you know.â
Jimin stares at him as he shakes his head to himself.
âFine, but only because Iâm hungry too, okay? Donât get any ideas now, brat. This is not a date!â
âSure, toots. Here, Iâve brought some spare sweats for you.â
âThe fuck Iâm gonna do with them? Wear them as a dress?â Jimin gripes as he grabs the sweatpants offered, five times his size from the looks of it.
He quickly strips out of his skinnies and tugs those parachutes on as Jungkook crouches over the basket, unloading its contents. Jiminâs stomach grumbles at the mouth-watering smell of food and he mentally wills it to shut the fuck up - heâs been through a lot today and doesnât need Jungkook being even more smug than he already is.
A total husband material he may be, but Jimin wonât give in.
Not on their first date, anyhow.
âScooch, or something,â he gripes, settling down next to Jungkook who only scooches closer, unapologetic, and even if Jimin scrunches up his nose at that he doesnât complain or move away - itâs warmer that way, okay?
(Yep, totally fucked, he is.)
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Historical reading list
Hello, world. A while ago I made a list of history books to read that would take me chronologically from the Big Bang up to the present. I did it on a Word document and havenât had time to compile the list on Goodreads, but I wanted to post it here as a stopgap for anyone interested. Thereâs a penchant towards my own heritage, which comes through the United States and Mormonism, with, for instance, at least one biography on every American President (through Obama). But I tried to be broad because as I read these I want to gain a broad understanding not just of history but of different global cultures today; hence so many titles dealing with religion or mythology in general. Thereâs a smattering of fiction thrown in there where it fits historically, like The Iliad, Divine Comedy, or Uncle Tomâs Cabin, and I have other reading lists dealing with topics like art, music, religion (outside of history, like books about Buddhism or Joseph Campbell essays), and contemporary work in natural sciences/conservation/mass extinction, so by and large books relating to those things donât appear here, but I still hope itâs useful. 1.    A Brief History of Time, Stephen HawkingÂ
2.    The First Three Minutes, Steven Weinberg
3.    Lives of the Planets: A Natural History of the Solar System, Richard Corfield
4.    From Dust to Life: The Origin and Evolution of Our Solar System, John Chambers & Jacqueline MittonÂ
5.    Plate Tectonics, Stephen M. Tomecek
6.    On the Origin of Species, Charles Darwin (1859)
7.    The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins
8.    Prehistoric Life: The Definitive Visual History of Life on Earth, Dorling-Kindersley
9.    Prehistoric Life: Evolution and the Fossil Record, Lieberman and Kaesler
10. Life: An Unauthorized Biography (newest edition), Richard Fortey
11. The Ends of the World: Volcanic Apocalypses, Lethal Oceans, and our Quest to Understand Earthâs Past Mass Extinctions, Peter Brannen
12. When Life Nearly Died: The Greatest Mass Extinction of All Time, Michael Benton
13. Trilobite!, Richard Fortey
14. Squid Empire: The Rise and Fall of the Cephalopods, Danna Staaf
15. Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy, Mark Witton
16. Dinosaurs: A Concise Natural History, David E. Fastovsky & David B. Weishampel
17. The Complete Dinosaur (second edition), M.K. Brett-Surman
18. Tyrannosaurus Rex: The Tyrant King, ed. Peter Larson and Kenneth CarpenterÂ
19. Oceans of Kansas: A Natural History of the Western Interior Sea, Michael J. Everhart
20. The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs, Steve Brusatte
21. All Yesterdays: Unique and Speculative Views of Dinosaurs and Other Prehistoric Animals, John ConwayÂ
22. Flying Dinosaurs: How Fearsome Reptiles Became Birds, John PickrellÂ
23. Feathered Dinosaurs: The Origin of Birds, John Long and Peter Schouten
24. The Origin and Evolution of Mammals, T.S. Kemp
25. Beasts of Eden: Walking Whales, Dawn Horses, and Other Enigmas of Mammal Evolution, David Rains WallaceÂ
26. After the Dinosaurs: The Age of Mammals, Donald R. Prothero
27. Walking with Beasts: A Prehistoric Safari, Tim HainesÂ
28. Cenozoic Mammals of Africa, Lars Werdelin and William Joseph SandersÂ
29. The Ice Age: A Very Short Introduction, Jamie Woodward
30. Prehistoric America: A Journey through the Ice Age and Beyond, Miles Barton
31. Twilight of the Mammoths: Ice Age Extinctions and the Rewilding of America, Paul S. Martin and Harry W. GreeneÂ
32. The Descent of Man, Charles Darwin (1871)
33. Masters of the Planet: The Search for Our Human Origins, Ian TattersallÂ
34. Lone Survivors: How We Came to Be the Only Humans on Earth, Chris Stringer
35. How to Think Like a Neanderthal, Thomas Wynn & Frederick CoolidgeÂ
36. The Symbolic Species: The Co-evolution of Language and the Brain, Terrence W. Deacon
37. The Lost Civilizations of the Stone Age, Richard Rudgley
38. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, Yuval Noah Harari
39. The Dancing Universe: From Creation Myths to the Big Bang, Marcelo Gleiser
40. Primal Myths: Creation Myths Around the World, Barbara Sproul
41. A History of World Agriculture: From the Neolithic Age to the Current Crisis, Marcel Mazoyer
42. Across Atlantic Ice: The Origin of Americaâs Clovis Culture, Dennis Stanford & Bruce Bradley
43. Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction, Amanda H. Podany
44. The Epic of Gilgamesh (2100 BC)
45. Abraham: The First Historical Biography, David Rosenberg
46. A History of Ancient Egypt, Marc Van De Mieroop
47. Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt: The One and the Many, Erik Hornung
48. The Search for God in Ancient Egypt, Jan Assmann
49. The Egyptian Book of the Dead: The Book of Going Forth by Day, tr. Raymond Faulkner
50. The Mind of Egypt: History and Meaning in the Time of the Pharaohs, Jan Assmann
51. The Family HaggadahÂ
52. The Iliad, Homer (ca. 1180 BC)
53. The Odyssey, Homer (Fagle translation)
54. 1177 BC: The Year Civilization Collapsed, Eric Cline
55. Transformations of Myth through Time, Joseph Campbell
56. The Spirit of Zoroastrianism, Prods Oktor Skjaervo
57. In Search of Zarathustra: Across Iran and Central Asia to Find the Worldâs First Prophet, Paul Kriwaczek
58. Isaiah: Prophet, Seer, and Poet, Victor Ludlow (700 BC)Â
59. Rereading Job, Michael Austin (600 BC)
60. How to Read the Bible: A Guide to Scripture, Then and Now, James L. Kugel
61. The Cambridge Companion to the Bible
62. Illuminating Humor of the Bible, Steve Walker
63. The Mother of the Lord, vol. 1: The Lady in the Temple, Margaret Barker
64. The Holy Bible, New International Version
65. The Art of War, Sun Tzu (500 BC)
66. The History of the Ancient World: From the Earliest Accounts to the Fall of Rome, Susan Wise Bauer
67. The Maya, Michael Coe & Stephen Houston (newest edition)
68. Blood and Mistletoe: The History of the Druids in Britain, Ronald Hutton
69. Celtic Myths and Legends, Peter Berresford Ellis
70. Celtic Gods and Heroes, Marie-Louise Sjoestedt
71. Did God Have a Wife?: Archaeology and Folk Religion in Ancient Israel, William DeverÂ
72. The Oxford History of Greece and the Hellenistic World, John Boardman
73. DâAulairesâ Book of Greek Myths
74. Mythology, Edith HamiltonÂ
75. Bulfinchâs MythologyÂ
76. The Marriage of Cadmus and Harmony, Roberto Calasso
77. Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe: Early Scandinavian and Celtic Religions, H.R. Ellis Davidson
78. Early Irish Myths and Sagas, Jeffrey Gantz
79. From Sphinx to Christ: An Occult History, Edouard Schure
80. Buddha (Penguin Lives Biographies), Karen Armstrong
81. Buddhacarita, Asvaghosa (ca. 500 BC)
82. Buddhist Scriptures (ca. 500 BC)Â
83. Ramayana (ca. 500 BC)Â
84. Mahabharata (ca 400 BC)
85. Ka: Stories of the Mind and Gods of India, Roberto Calasso
86. Tao Te Ching (ca 400 BC)Â
87. The Zhuangzi (446-221 BC)
88. Old Myths and New Approaches: Interpreting Ancient Religious Sites in Southeast Asia, Alexandra Haendel
89. The Rise of Athens: The Story of the Worldâs Greatest Civilization, Anthony Everitt
90. Democracy: A Life, Paul Cartledge (ca. 450 BC)
91. Histories, Herodotus (440 BC)
92. History of the Peloponnesian War, Thucydides (410 BC)
93. Meno, Plato (380 BC)94. The Republic, Plato (380 BC)
95. The Symposium, Plato (370 BC)
96. The Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle (350 BC)
97. On the Soul (De Anima), Aristotle (350 BC)
98. Poetics, Aristotle (335 BC)
99. Alexander the Great, Philip Freeman (ca 330 BC)
100. Letters (to Herodotus, Pythocles, & Menoeceus), Epicurus (ca. 200 BC)
101. Analects of Confucius (ca 200 BC)Â
102. Dhammapada (a Buddhist text) (200 BC)
103. The Lotus Sutra (ca 100 BC)Â
104. Why Buddhism is True, Robert Wright
105. Cicero: Selected Works (Penguin Classics), Marcus Tullius Cicero (ca 63 BC)
106. Caesar: Life of a Colossus, Adrian Goldsworthy
107. The Conquest of Gaul, Julius Caesar (ca 50 BC)
108. The Aeneid, Virgil (19 BC)
109. Search, Ponder, and Pray: A Guide to the Gospels, Julie M. Smith
110. Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth, Reza Aslan
111. How Jesus Became God, Bart Ehrman
112. A History of the Devil, Gerald Messadie
113. Metamorphoses, Ovid (8 AD)
114. The New Complete Works of Josephus, JosephusÂ
115. A New History of Early Christianity, Charles Freeman
116. The Gnostic Gospels, Elaine Pagels
117. The Nag Hammadi Scriptures: The Revised and Updated Translation of Sacred Gnostic Texts Complete in One Volume, ed. Marvin Meyer
118. A History of God: The 4,000-Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, Karen ArmstrongÂ
119. Money Changes Everything: How Finance Made Civilization Possible, William Goetzmann
120. The Twelve Caesars, Suetonius (Penguin Classics tr. James Rives) (ca 140 AD)
121. Meditations, Marcus Aurelius (180 AD)
122. The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians, Peter Heather
123. Through the Eye of a Needle: Wealth, the Fall of Rome, and the Making of Christianity in the West, Peter Brown
124. The Triumph of Christianity: How a Forbidden Religion Swept the World, Bart EhrmanÂ
125. The Darkening Age: The Christian Destruction of the Classical World, Catherine NixeyÂ
126. A History of Christianity, Diarmaid MacCulloch
127. Everymanâs Talmud (ca. 200)Â
128. Confessions, St. Augustine (397)
129. The Illustrated World Encyclopedia of Saints
130. The Silk Road in World History, Xinru Liu
131. Attila: The Barbarian King Who Challenged Rome, John Man (400s)
132. The Consolation of Philosophy, Ancius Boethius (524)
133. One Thousand and One Nights (ca 600)
134. The Civilization of the Middle Ages: A Completely Revised and Expanded Edition of Medieval History, Norman F. Cantor
135. Romance of the Grail: The Magic and Mystery of Arthurian Myth, Joseph Campbell ed. Evans Lansing Smith
136. Le Morte dâArthur, Thomas Malory (1485)
137. The Making of the Middle Ages, R.W. Southern
138. Medieval Bodies: Life, Death and Art in the Middle Ages, Jack Hartnell
139. The Age of the Vikings, Anders Winroth
140. The Sea Wolves: A History of the Vikings, Lars Brownworth
141. The Viking Spirit: An Introduction to Norse Mythology and Religion, Daniel McCoy
142. Gods and Myths of Northern Europe, H.R. Elllis Davidson
143. Norwegian Folklore, Zinken HoppÂ
144. Holy Misogyny: Why Sex and Gender Conflicts in the Early Church Still Matter, April DeConick
145. Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World through Islamic Eyes, Tamim Ansary (610âŚ)
146. Islam: A Short History, Karen Armstrong
147. The Holy Qurâan
148. Mohammed and Charlemagne, Henri Pirenne (700s)
149. Beowulf (Heaney translation) (by 900s)
150. A History of the English Speaking Peoples, vol. 1: The Birth of Britain, Winston Churchill
151. The Tale of Genji, Lady Murasaki Shikibu (1000s)Â
152. The Sagas of Icelanders (1000)Â
153. Eleanor of Aquitaine: By the Wrath of God, Queen of England, Alison Weir (1100s)
154. Robin Hood and Other Outlaw Tales, ed. Stephen Knight & Thomas Ohlgren
155. Robin Hood: A Mythic Biography, Stephen Thomas Knight
156. Book of Divine Works, Hildegard von Bingen (1163)Â
157. The Allegory of Love: A Study in Medieval Tradition, C.S. Lewis
158. Money: The Unauthorized Biography: From Coinage to Cryptocurrencies, Felix Martin
159.Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection, John Man (ca. 1200)
160. Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, Jack Weatherford
161. The Secret History of the Mongol Queens, Jack Weatherford
162. Kublai Khan: The Mongol King Who Remade China, John Man
163. St. Thomas Aquinas and St. Francis of Assisi, ed. G.K. Chesterton (1200s)
164. St. Francis of Assisi, Omer EnglebertÂ
165. The Poetic Edda (1200s)Â
166. The Prose Edda, Snorri Sturluson (1200s)Â
167. The Saga of the Volsungs, Jesse L. Byock (late 1200s)Â
168. The Travels of Marco Polo, Marco Polo (1200s)
169. Revelations of Divine Love, Julian of Norwich (1300s)Â
170. Outlaws of the Marsh, Shi Naiâan (1300s)Â
171. Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Luo Guanzhong (1300s)Â
172. Robert the Bruce: King of Scots, Ronald McNair Scott (early 1300s)
173. The Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri (1320)Â
174. A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century, Barbara Tuchman  Â
175. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, Jared M. Diamond
176. Marriage: A History, Stephanie Coontz
177. Â The Future of Marriage, David Blankenhorn
178. The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer (1400)Â
179. The Civilizing Process, Norbert Elias Â
180. The Samurai: A Military History, Stephen TurnbullÂ
181. 1421: The Year China Discovered America, Gavin Menzies
182. The Hundred Years War: The English in France 1337-1453, Desmond SewardÂ
183. Joan of Arc: In Her Own Words (early 1400s)
184. History of Creativity in the Arts, Science, and Technology: Pre-1500, Brent Strong
185. The Illustrated History of the Sikhs, Khushwant Singh (late 1400s)
186. The Aztec, Man and Tribe (1400s-1521)Â
187. The Aztecs, Michael E. Smith
188. 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus, Charles Mann
189. 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created, Charles MannÂ
190. Conquistador Voices, Volume 1, Kevin H. Siepel
191. Conquistador Voices, Volume 2, Kevin H. Siepel
192. Â In the Hands of the Great Spirit, John Page
193. Worldly Goods: A New History of the Renaissance, Lisa Jardine
194. The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, Jacob Burckhardt
195. The House of Medici: Its Rise and Fall, Christopher HibbertÂ
196. The Prince, Niccolo Machiavelli (1513)
197. Â Leonardo da Vinci, Walter Isaacson
198. Utopia, Thomas More (1516)
199. She-Wolves: The Women Who Ruled England Before Elizabeth, Helen Castor
200. The Reformation: A History, Diarmaid MacCulloch
201. Martin Luther: The Man Who Rediscovered God and Changed the World, Eric Metaxas
202. The Discoverers: A History of Manâs Search to Know His World and Himself, Daniel J. Boorstin
203. Michel de Montaigne: The Complete Essays (Penguin Classics), ed. M.A. Screech
204. Spice: The History of a Temptation, Jack TurnerÂ
205. The Age of Exploration: From Christopher Columbus to Ferdinand Magellan, Kenneth Pletcher
206. Journey to the West, Wu Chengâen (1500s)Â
207. How Paris Became Paris: The Invention of the Modern City, Joan DeJean
208. A History of the English Speaking Peoples, vol. 2: The New World, Winston Churchill
209. The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440-1870, Hugh Thomas
210. The Life of Elizabeth I, Alison Weir
211. The Faerie Queen, Edmund Spenser (1590)
212. The Lodger Shakespeare: His Life on Silver Street, Charles Nicholl
213. A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare: 1599, James ShapiroÂ
214. London: The Biography, Peter AckroydÂ
215. Galileo: Watcher of the Skies, David Wootton
216. Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community and War, Nathaniel Philbrick (1620)
217. Albionâs Seed: Four British Folkways in America, David Hackett FischerÂ
218. Art and Commerce in the Dutch Golden Age, Michael North Â
219. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898, Edwin G. Burrows & Mike Wallace
220. The Thirty Years War: Europeâs Tragedy, Peter H. WilsonÂ
221. Coming of Age in the Milky Way, Timothy Ferris
222. The Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes (1651)
223. Ethics, Benedict de Spinoza (1665)
224. The Scourge of Demons: Possession, Lust, and Witchcraft in a 17th-century Italian Convent, Jeffrey WattÂ
225. The Great Fire of London, Neil Hanson (1666)
226. Paradise Lost (1667)Â
227. The Pilgrimâs Progress (1678)Â
228. The Diary of Samuel Pepys (Modern Library Classics), Samuel Pepys ed. Richard Le Gallienne (late 1600s)
229. The Scientific Revolution, Stephen Shapin
230. The Invention of Science: A New History of the Scientific Revolution, David WoottonÂ
231. Never at Rest: A Biography of Isaac Newton, Richard Westfall (1642-1726)
232. A Short History of Nearly Everything, Bill Bryson
233. Ways of Knowing: A New History of Science, Technology, and Medicine, John Pickstone
234. Two Treatises on Government, John Locke (1689) Â Â
235. The Penguin Book of Witches (1692)
236. In the Devilâs Snare, Mary Beth Norton (1692)
237. Memoirs of Duc de Saint-Simon, 1691-1709: Presented to the King, Duc de Saint-SimonÂ
238. Gulliverâs Travels, Jonathan Swift (1726) (and A Modest Proposal)
239. The Major Works (Oxford Worldâs Classics), Alexander Pope (early 1700s)
240. China: A History, John Keay
241. The Dream of the Red Chamber, Cao Xueqin (1700s)Â
242. Strange Tales from the Liaozhai Studio vol. 1 (1740)Â
243. Strange Tales from the Liaozhai Studio vol. 2
244. Strange Tales from the Liaozhai Studio vol. 3Â
245. The Story of Music: From Babylon to the Beatles, Howard Goodall
246. Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician, Christoph Wolff (early 1700s)
247. A History of the English Speaking Peoples, vol. 3: The Age of Revolution, Winston ChurchillÂ
248. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire, Lawrence JamesÂ
249. The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Adam Smith (1759)
250. Candide, Voltaire (1759)Â
251. Treasury of North American Folk Tales, Catherine Peck
252. Crucible of War: The Seven Yearsâ War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766, Fred Anderson
253. Benjamin Franklin, Edmund S. Morgan
254. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
255. Catherine the Great: Portrait of a Woman, Robert Massie
256. A Peopleâs History of the United States, Howard Zinn
257. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith (1776)
258. Grand Pursuit: The Story of Economic Genius, Sylvia Nasar
259. Common Sense, Thomas Paine (1776)
260. The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution, Bernard BailynÂ
261. The Radicalism of the American Revolution, Gordon S. Wood
262. 1776, David McCullough
263. The Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson
264. History of the Rise, Progress and Termination of the American Revolution, Mercy Otis Warren
265. Washingtonâs Crossing, David Hackett Fischer
266. George Washington, A Life, Willard Sterne Randall
267. The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787, Gordon S. Wood
268. Washington: A Life, Ron Chernow
269. The Grand Idea: George Washingtonâs Potomac and the Race to the West, Joel Achenbach
270. His Excellency: George Washington, Joseph J. Ellis
271. James Wilson: Founding Father, 1742-1798, Charles Page Smith
272. The Constitution and Bill of Rights, James Madison
273. The Federalist Papers, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay (1788)
274. The First Congress: How James Madison, George Washington, and a Group of Extraordinary Men Invented the Government, Fergus Bordewich
275. Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution, Jack Rakove
276. Constitutional Law: Principles and Policies, Erwin Chemerinsky
277. Thatâs Not What They Meant, Michael Austin
278. The Second Amendment: A Biography, Michael Waldman
279. Thatâs Not What They Meant About Guns, Michael Austin
280. Taming the Electoral College, Robert Bennett
281. Why the Electoral College is Bad for America, George C. EdwardsÂ
282. Faust, Goethe (1790)
283. The Ancien Regime and the Revolution, Alexis de Tocqueville
284. Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution, Simon Schama
285. The Rights of Man, Thomas Paine (1791)
286. A Vindication of the Rights of Women, Mary Wollstonecraft (1792)
287. A Midwifeâs Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1785-1812, Laurel Thatcher Ulrich
288. A History of Japan: Revised Edition, R.H.P. Mason
289. John Adams, David McCullough
290. Â Passionate Sage: The Character and Legacy of John Adams, Joseph J. Ellis
291. The Scramble for Africa, Thomas Pakenham
292. Alexander Hamilton, Ron ChernowÂ
293. Alexander Hamilton: The Formative Years, Michael Newton
294. Alexander Hamilton: Writings (plus Farmer Refuted, Washingtonâs farewell address, & the Reynolds Pamphlet)
295. The Age of Reason, Thomas Paine (1804)Â
296. Jefferson and His Time, Dumas Malone
297. Thomas Jefferson, Willard Sterne Randall
298. Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power, Jon Meacham
299. American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson, Joseph J. Ellis
300. Most Blessed of the Patriarchs: Thomas Jefferson and the Empire of the Imagination, Annette Gordon-Reed and Peter Onuf
301. Slavery and the Founders: Race and Liberty in the Age of Jefferson, Paul Finkelman
302. The Founding Foodies: How Washington, Jefferson, and Franklin Revolutionized American Cuisine, Dave DeWitt
303. The Journals of Lewis and Clark, Lewis and Clark (1806)
304. The Invention of Nature: Alexander von Humboldtâs New World, Andrea WulfÂ
305. A History of the English Speaking Peoples, vol. 4: The Great Democracies, Winston ChurchillÂ
306. The Cambridge Illustrated History of France, Colin Jones
307. France, a History: From Gaul to De Gaulle, John Julius Norwich
308. Napoleon: A Life, Andrew Roberts
309. The Brothers Grimm (1812)Â
310. James Madison and the Creation of the American Republic, Jack Rakove
311. James Madison: A Biography, Ralph Ketchem
312. The Civil War of 1812: American Citizens, British Subjects, Irish Rebels, & Indian Allies, Alan Taylor
313. The Naval War of 1812, Theodore Roosevelt
314. Bolivar: American Liberator, Marie Arana (ca. 1810s)
315. The Last Founding Father: James Monroe and a Nationâs Call to Greatness, Harlow Giles Unger
316. The Monroe Doctrine: Empire and Nation in Nineteenth-Century America, Jay Sexton
317. The English and their History, Robert Tombs
318. An Insiderâs View of Mormon Origins, Grant PalmerÂ
319. Early Mormonism and the Magic World View, D. Michael Quinn
320. Standing Apart: Mormon Historical Consciousness and the Concept of Apostasy, Miranda Wilcox & John Young
321. Nation Builder: John Quincy Adams and the Grand Strategy of the Republic, Charles Edel
322. John Quincy Adams: American Visionary, Fred Kaplan
323. John Quincy Adams, Robert V. Remini
324. Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling, Richard BushmanÂ
325. Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith, Linda King Newell and Valeen Tippetts Avery
326. By the Hand of Mormon: The American Scripture that Launched a New World Religion, Terryl GivensÂ
327. Understanding the Book of Mormon, Grant Hardy
328. The Book of Mormon: Revised Authorized VersionÂ
329. The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, D. Michael Quinn
330. Banishing the Cross: The Emergence of a Mormon Taboo, Michael G. Reed
331. This Is My Doctrine: The Development of Mormon Theology, Charles Harrell
332. The Refinerâs Fire: The Making of Mormon Cosmology, John L. Brooke
333. A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints vol. 1, B.H. Roberts
334. Garibaldi: Invention of a Hero, Lucy Riall (1834 revolt)
335. Road to the Sea, Florence DorseyÂ
336. Andrew Jackson: His Life and Times, H.W. Brands
337. American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House, Jon Meacham
338. Jacksonland, Steve Inskeep
339. Democracy in America, Alexis de Tocqueville (1835)
340. Martin Van Buren: The Romantic Age of American Politics, John Niven
341. The Voyage of the Beagle, Charles Darwin (1839)
342. Incarnations: A History of India in Fifty Lives, Sunil Khilnani
343. Old Tippecanoe: William Henry Harrison and His Times, Freeman Cleaves
344. John Tyler: Champion of the Old South, Oliver P. Chitwood
345. Self-Reliance and Other Essays, Ralph Waldo Emerson (1841)
346. Fear and Trembling, Soren Kierkegaard (1843)Â
347. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845)
348. Woman in the Nineteenth Century, Margaret Fuller (1845)
349. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, Daniel Walker Howe
350. Nightfall at Nauvoo, Samuel W. TaylorÂ
351. A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints vol. 2, B.H. Roberts
352. Journey to Zion: Voices from the Mormon Trail, Carol Cornwall Madsen
353. 111 Days to Zion, Hal KnightÂ
354. The Gathering of Zion, Wallace StegnerÂ
355. A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints vol. 3, B.H. Roberts
356. The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants on the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840-60, John D. Unruh
357. So Far from God: The U.S. War with Mexico, 1846-1848, John S. D. Eisenhower
358. The Oregon Trail, Francis Parkman (1849)
359. The Age of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the New American Dream, H.W. BrandsÂ
360. Civil Disobedience, Henry David Thoreau (1849)
361. The American TranscendentalistsÂ
362. The Man Who Transformed the Presidency and America (James Polk), Walter Borneman
363. Fire and Blood: A History of Mexico, T.R. Fehrenbach
364. Zachary Taylor: Soldier, Planter, Statesman of the Old Southwest, K. Jack Bauer
365. The War Before the War: Fugitive Slaves and the Struggle for Americaâs Soul from the Revolution to the Civil War, Andrew Delbanco
366. Millard Fillmore: Biography of a President, Robert J. RaybackÂ
367. Uncle Tomâs Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852)Â
368. Walden, Henry David Thoreau (1854)Â
369. Franklin Pierce, Michael Holt
370. President James Buchanan: A Biography, Philip S. Klein
371. Parley P. Pratt: The Apostle Paul of Mormonism, Terryl GivensÂ
372. A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints vol. 4, B.H. Roberts
373. American Massacre: The Tragedy at Mountain Meadows, September 1857, Sally Denton
374. America in 1857: A Nation on the Brink, Kenneth Stampp
375. The West Indies and the Spanish Main, Anthony Trollope (1860) Â
376. Charles Darwin: The Power of Place, Janet Browne
377. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era, James McPherson
378. Centennial History of the Civil War, vol. 1: The Coming Fury, Bruce Catton
379. Centennial History of the Civil War, vol. 2: Terrible Swift Sword, Bruce Catton
380. Centennial History of the Civil War, vol. 3: Never Call Retreat, Bruce Catton
381. Lincoln: The Biography of a Writer, Fred Kaplan
382. The Eloquent President: A Portrait of Lincoln through his Words, Ronald White
383. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln
384. Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln, Doris Kearns Goodwin
385. Confederate Reckoning: Power and Politics in the Civil War South, Stephanie McCurryÂ
386. The South vs. the South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War, William Freehling
387. Andersenâs Fairy Tales, Hans Christian AndersenÂ
388. Matthew Bradyâs Illustrated History of the Civil War
389. With Malice Toward None: A Life of Abraham Lincoln, Stephen Oates
390. A Short History of Canada (6th ed), Desmond MortonÂ
391. Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and the War Years, Carl Sandburg
392. This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War, Drew Gilpin Faust
393. Abraham Lincoln, Lord Charnwood Â
394. Empress Dowager Cixi: The Concubine Who Launched Modern China, Jung Chang
395. Andrew Johnson, Annette Gordon-Reed
396. Biographical Supplement and Index, Harriet SigermanÂ
397. Mormon Sisters: Women in Early Utah, Claudia Bushman
398. Development of LDS Temple Worship, Devery Anderson
399. The Memoirs of Hector BerliozÂ
400. Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet, John C. Turner
401. Great Basin Kingdom: An Economic History of the Latter-day Saints, 1830-1900, Leonard ArringtonÂ
402. A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints vol. 5, B.H. Roberts
403. Grant, Ron Chernow
404. Grant: A Biography, William S. McFeeley
405. American Ulysses: A Life of Ulysses S. Grant, Ronald C. White
406. Complete Personal Memoirs, Ulysses S. GrantÂ
407. Capital (Das Kapital), Karl Marx (first edition 1867, third 1894)
408. The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America, Louis Menand
409. Black Reconstruction, W.E.B. Du Bois
410. Reconstruction: Americaâs Unfinished Revolution, updated edition, Eric Foner
411. A Nation Under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration, Steven Hahn
412. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, Dee Brown
413. Custerâs Trials: A Life on the Frontier of a New America, T.J. Stiles
414. Rutherford B. Hayes, Hans Trefousse
415. Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Friedrich Nietzsche
416. Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future, Friedrich Nietzsche
417. Assassination Vacation (James Garfield), Sarah Vowell
418. Destiny of the Republic (James Garfield), Candice MillardÂ
419. Gentleman Boss: The Life of Chester Alan Arthur, Thomas C. Reeves
420. King Leopoldâs Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa, Adam HochschildÂ
421. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, Walter Rodney Â
422. More Wives Than One: Transformation of the Mormon Marriage System, 1840-1910, Kathryn M. DaynesÂ
423. The Ghost of Eternal Polygamy, Carol Lynn Pearson
424. Selected Writings, JosĂŠ MartĂ (Penguin Classics)
425. Dawn of the Belle Epoque, Mary McAuliffe
426. Grover Cleveland: A Study in Character, Henry F. Graff
427. Manning Clarkâs History of Australia: Abridged from the Six-Volume Classic, Manning Clark
428. The Making of Modern Ireland, 1603-1923, J.C. BeckettÂ
429. Benjamin Harrison, Charles W. Calhoun
430. How the Other Half Lives: Studies Among the Tenements of New York, Jacob Riis (1890)
431. Greater Gotham: A History of New York City from 1898 to 1919, Mike WallaceÂ
432. The History of Spain, Peter Pierson
433. Presidency of William McKinley, Lewis L. Gould
434. The Souls of Black Folk, W.E.B. Du Bois
435. Theodore Rex, Edmund Morris
436. The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, Edmund Morris
437. Mornings on Horseback (Theodore Roosevelt), David McCullough
438. Marie Curie: A Life, Susan Quinn
439. The Shame of the Cities, Lincoln Steffens (1904)
440. Albert Einstein: A Biography, Albrecht FolsingÂ
441. Relativity: The Special and General Theory, Albert Einstein (1905)
442. The Jungle, Upton Sinclair (1906)
443. The Bully Pulpit: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the Golden Age of Journalism, Doris Kearns GoodwinÂ
444. The Life & Times of William Howard Taft, Harry F. Pringle
445. The Power and Independence of the Federal Reserve, Peter Conti-BrownÂ
446. Americana: A 400-Year History of American Capitalism, Bhu Srinivasan
447. The War that Ended Peace: The Road to 1914, Margaret MacMillan
448. July 1914: Countdown to War, Sean McMeekinÂ
449. The Guns of August, Barbara Tuchman Â
450. A World Undone: The Story of the Great War, 1914 to 1918, G.J. MeyerÂ
451. Pandemic 1918: Eyewitness Accounts from the Greatest Medical Holocaust in Modern History, Catharine Arnold
452. Woodrow Wilson: A Biography, John Milton Cooper
453. Women and the Vote: A World History, Jad Adams
454. Rise Up Women!: The Remarkable Lives of the Suffragettes, Diane Atkinson
455. The Shadow of Blooming Grove: Warren G. Harding in His Times, Francis Russell
456. A History of Russia (new edition w Mark Steinberg), Nicholas V. Riasanovsky
457. The Flight of the Romanovs: A Family Saga, John Curtis Perry and Constantine V. Pleshakov
458. Ten Days that Shook the World, John Reed
459. Â Barracoon: The Story of the Last âBlack Cargo,â Zora Neale Hurston
460. Coolidge: An American Enigma, Robert Sobel
461. Anything Goes: A Biography of the Roaring Twenties, Lucy MooreÂ
462. Herbert Hoover, William Leuchtenburg
463. A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints vol. 6, B.H. Roberts
464. Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World, Liaquat Ahamed
465. Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, David Kennedy
466. Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, Walker Evans and James Agee
467. Black Elk Speaks, Black Elk
468. Franklin D. Roosevelt: Champion of Freedom, Conrad Black
469. FDR, Jean Edward Smith
470. The Woman Behind the New Deal: The Life and Legacy of Frances Perkins, Kirstin Downey
471. Defining Moment: FDRâs Hundred Days and the Triumph of Hope, Jonathan Alte
472. Â Eleanor Roosevelt: Vol. 1, The Early Years, 1884-1933, Blanche Wiesen Cook
473. Eleanor Roosevelt: Vol. 2, The Defining Years, 1933-1938, Blanche Wiesen Cook
474. Eleanor Roosevelt: Vol. 3, The War Years and After, 1939-1962, Blanche Wiesen Cook
475. No Ordinary Time (FDR), Doris Kearns Goodwin
476. Alan Turing: The Enigma, Andrew Hodges
477. The Storm of War: A New History of the Second World War, Andrew Roberts
478. Bloodlands, Timothy SnyderÂ
479. Leningrad, Anna Reid
480. A Woman in Berlin: Eight Weeks in the Conquered City: A Diary
481. Churchill: Walking with Destiny, Andrew RobertsÂ
482. Memoirs of the Second World War, Winston ChurchillÂ
483. The Destruction of the European Jews, Raul Hilberg
484. The Diary of a Young Girl, Anne Frank
485. Night, Elie Wiesel
486. Hiroshima, John Hersey
487. Nuremberg Trials: The Nazis and Their Crimes Against Humanity, Paul RolandÂ
488. Truman, David McCullough
489. Gandhi: An Autobiography, Mahatma Gandhi
490. The Life of Mahatma Gandhi, Louis FischerÂ
491. The Arabs: A History, Eugene RoganÂ
492. Mao: The Unknown Story, Jung Chang and Jon Halliday
493. Inside Red China, Helen Foster Snow
494. Red Star Over China, Edgar Snow
495. The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War, David Halberstam
496. An American Childhood, Annie DillardÂ
497. Eisenhower in War and Peace, Jean Edward Smith
498. The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA, James D. Watson (1953)
499. Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA, Brenda MaddoxÂ
500. Mississippi Trial, 1955, Chris CroweÂ
501. Sake & Satori: Asian Journals, Joseph Campbell
502. A Concise History of Germany, Mary Fulbrook
503. The Mormon Hierarchy: Wealth and Corporate Power, D. Michael Quinn
504. Lost Legacy: The Mormon Office of Presiding Patriarch, Irene Bates
505. The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan (1963)
506. A Thousand Days (JFK), Arthur M. Schlesinger
507. An Unfinished Life (JFK), Robert Dallek
508. A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present, 2nd ed., Richard J. Reid
509. The Years of Lyndon Johnson, vol. 1: The Path to Power, Robert Caro
510. The Years of Lyndon Johnson, vol. 2: Means of Ascent, Robert Caro
511. The Years of Lyndon Johnson, vol. 3: Master of the Senate, Robert Caro
512. The Years of Lyndon Johnson, vol. 4: The Passage of Power, Robert Caro
513. The Years of Lyndon Johnson, vol. 5: untitled/unreleased, Robert Caro
514. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954-63, Taylor Branch
515. Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years 1963-65, Taylor Branch
516. At Canaanâs Edge: America in the King Years, 1965-68, Taylor Branch
517. The Autobiography of Malcolm X, Malcolm X & Alex HaleyÂ
518. The Fire Next Time, James Baldwin
519. Lakota Woman, Mary Crow Dog
520. The Bomb: A New History, Stephen Younger Â
521. This New Ocean: The Story of the First Space Age, William BurrowsÂ
522. A History of the Modern Middle East, 5th ed., William Cleveland
523. Indira: The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi, Katherine FrankÂ
524. Embers of War: The Fall of an Empire and the Making of Americaâs Vietnam, Fredrik LogevallÂ
525. The Best and the Brightest, David Halberstam
526. Lessons in Disaster: McGeorge Bundy and the Path to War in Vietnam, Gordon Goldstein
527. To Destroy You Is No Loss: The Odyssey of a Cambodian Family, JoAn D. Criddle
528. All the Presidentâs Men, Carl Bernstein & Bob Woodward
529. Nixonland, Richard PerlsteinÂ
530. The Seventies: The Great Shift in American Culture, Society, and Politics, Bruce Schulman
531. Gerald R. Ford, Douglas Brinkley
532. Pedestals and Podiums: Utah Women, Religious Authority, and Equal Rights, Martha BradleyÂ
533. Petals of Blood, Nugi wa Thiongâo (1977 Kenyan novel)
534. Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela
535. Spear of the Nation: South Africaâs Liberation Army, Janet Cherry
536. Country of My Skull: Guilt, Sorrow, and the Limits of Forgiveness in the New South Africa, Antjie Krog
537. Redeemer: The Life of Jimmy Carter, Randall Balmer
538. The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York, Robert A. CaroÂ
539. President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime, Lou Cannon
540. 1983: The World at the Brink, Taylor Downing
541. A History of the Soviet Union from the Beginning to the End, Peter Kenez
542. Lost Lives (the Troubles), David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeley, and Chris ThorntonÂ
543. Harvest of Empire: A History of Latinos in America, Juan GonzalezÂ
544. As Texas Goes: How the Lone Star State Hijacked the American Agenda, Gail Collins
545. Destiny and Power: The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush, Jon Meacham
546. First in His Class (Bill Clinton), David Maraniss
547. Perpetual War for Perpetual Peace, Gore Vidal (2002)Â
548. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 11, 2001, Steve Coll
549. Days of Fire: Bush and Cheney in the White House, Peter BakerÂ
550. Monument Wars: Washington, D.C., the National Mall, and the Transformation of the Memorial Landscape, Kirk Savage
551. The Formations of Modernity, Stuart Hall & Bram Gieben
552. Republic, Lost: How Money Corrupts Congress â and a Plan to Stop It, Lawrence Lessig (he wrote a sequel, same title with â2.0â in 2015)Â
553. All the Devils Are Here: The Hidden History of the Financial Crisis, Bethany McLean
554. Back to Work, Bill Clinton
555. Beyond Outrage: What Has Gone Wrong with our Economy and our Democracy and How to Fix It, Robert ReichÂ
556. A Governorâs Story, Jennifer Granholm
557. Â Life, Inc.: How Corporatism Conquered the World and How We Can Take It Back, Douglas Rushkoff
558. Dreams from my Father, Barack Obama
559. Barack Obama: The Story, David Maraniss
560. The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama, David Remnick
561. Confidence Men: Wall Street, Washington, and the Education of a President (Obama), Ron Suskind
562. Obamaâs Wars, Bob Woodward
563. Hard Choices: A Memoir, Hillary Clinton
564. The Audacity of Hope, Barack Obama
565. The Gatekeepers: How the White House Chiefs of Staff Define Every Presidency, Chris Whipple
566. Between the World and Me, Ta-Nehisi CoatesÂ
567. The Heartbeat of Wounded Knee: Native America from 1890 to the Present, David Treuer
568. DNA: The Story of the Genetic Revolution, James D. WatsonÂ
569. Age of Ambition: Chasing Fortune, Truth, and Faith in the New China, Evan Osnos
570. Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age, Larry Bartels
571. The Post-American World: Release 2.0, Fareed Zakaria
572. What Happened, Hillary ClintonÂ
573. THE NOT YET WRITTEN DEFINITIVE ACCOUNT OF THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATIONâS SCANDALS
574. How Democracies Die, Steve Levitsky & Daniel Ziblatt
575. The Soul of America: The Battle for Our Better Angels, Jon Meacham
576. America: The Farewell Tour, Chris Hedges
577. A Call to Action, Jimmy Carter
578. I Am Malala, Malala Yousafzai
579. A Path Appears, Nicholas Kristof & Sheryl WuDunn
580. The History of Creativity in the Arts, Science, and Technology: 1500-Present, Brent StrongÂ
581. Brief Answers to the Big Questions, Stephen Hawking Â
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Preston Comic Con puts the "comic" back into "Comic Con", adding three 2000AD artists to line-up
Preston Comic Con puts the âcomicâ back into âComic Conâ, adding three 2000AD artists to line-up
Three amazing comic guests have recently been added to the line-up for Preston Comic Con, taking place on Saturday 23rd September 2017 at the cityâs Guild Hall. Joining a line-up that already included comic creators John Higgins and Lew Stringer, Doctor Who book cover artist Chris Achilleos and numerous film and TV stars such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer star Nicholas Brendon are Phil WinsladeâŚ
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The Five Reasons Tourists Love Garden Of Eden Found In Africa | garden of eden found in africa
The charcoal of bristles aboriginal Homo sapiens accept been unearthed at a armpit in northwest Africa. At about 300,000 years old, the fossils are a whopping 100,000 years earlier than the antecedent record, blame aback the agent of our breed by a cogent margin. And because the fossils were baldheaded in Moroccoâfar from the declared agent point of our speciesâthe analysis is additionally resetting our notions of breadth and how avant-garde bodies evolved.
The Garden of Eden â Black History In The Bible â garden of eden found in africa | garden of eden found in africa
The agent of our breed is buried in abstruseness attributable to the poor deposit almanac and a complete absence of abiogenetic evidence. The hasty analysis of the anachronistic charcoal of bristles aboriginal bodies at a armpit in Jebel Irhoud, Moroccoâalong with affirmation of bean tools, beastly bones, and use of fireâis abacus an important allotment to this frustratingly abridged archaeological puzzle. As this analysis shows, our species, accepted in the accurate classification as Homo sapiens, has been about for a lot best than we realizedâa hundred thousand years longer, to be precise. We can now say, with reasonable confidence, that the breed to which you and I accord to emerged in Africa about 300,000 years ago. Itâs conceivable, of course, that archaeologists may acquisition earlier specimens in the future, but this now the high apprenticed for the alpha date of H. sapiens.Â
Whatâs more, our breed didnât arise from a bedfast breadth of Africa, but rather, above the absolute continent. As abstraction co-author Jean-Jacques Hublin of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology explained at a columnist appointment yesterday, âThere is no Garden of Eden in Africa, because the Garden of Eden is Africa.â Aboriginal beastly hominids from which weâre descended may accept emerged from the African interior, but the evolutionary drivers that created H. sapiens were in abode above the absolute continent, and in northwest Africa in particular. These abstracts now arise in two abstracted studies, both appear today in the science account Nature. In the aboriginal paper, the scientists call the fossils begin at the site; in the second, they assay and date the bean tools.
Before this new discovery, the oldest accepted samples of H. sapiens were baldheaded in Ethiopia, and anachronous to amid 150,000 to 200,000 years old. Strangely, however, Neanderthals and âarchaicâ Homo sapiens (i.e. bodies that anon pre-date H. sapiens, and who lived amid 300,000 and 150,000 years ago) diverged from a accepted antecedent about 500,000 to 600,000 years ago. The abridgement of deposit affirmation above-mentioned to 200,000 years ago led some scientists to conjecture that H. sapiens charge accept emerged rather suddenly, acceptable from a antecedent breed accepted as Homo heidelbergensis. (As an aside, any beastly with the chat âHomoâ in advanced of it is advised a human).
This new discovery, which shows that an aboriginal adaptation of H. sapiens was blind out in northwest Africa some 300,000 years ago, now challenges this ârapid emergenceâ theory. After deviating from a accepted ancestor, a accumulation of age-old H. sapiens advance above Africa, gradually accepting the ancestry that would eventually appear to characterize our species.
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To ability this conclusion, the authors of the new abstraction accumulated new and old deposit evidence. Aback in the 1960s, beastly fossils were begin at the aforementioned armpit in Jebel Irhoud alongside some beastly bones. The fossils were originally anachronous at about 40,000 years old, and the charcoal were anticipation to be some anatomy of African Neanderthal. Unsatisfied with this interpretation, advisers from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and the National Institute for Archaeology and Heritage in Morocco absitively to renew the investigation, which circuitous new excavations at the Moroccan site. This led to the analysis of the fractional ashen charcoal of bristles individualsâthree adults, one adolescent, and one childâalong with bean tools, beastly bones, and signs of blaze use. The archaeologists had stumbled aloft an age-old cavern acclimated by aboriginal bodies to action and absorb beastly meat, primarily gazelles and zebras. And yes, the aboriginal archaeologists absent these bristles specimensâbut in all fairness, the address were in-and-around a mine, which is now a behemothic quarry.
Using a address accepted as thermoluminescence, the advisers anachronous the altar baldheaded at the armpit to amid 300,000 and 350,000 years old, and used the bean accoutrement to date the fossils begin in and amid these artifacts. Itâs now advised the oldest affirmation anytime begin of the age-old associates of the H. sapiens lineage.
Importantly, this analysis accouterment the bounded agent of our breed abroad from the autogenous genitalia of Africa. Hundreds of bags of years ago, the Sahara was abounding with forests and all-inclusive plains, authoritative it accessible for aboriginal hominids to bisect northwards appear what is now Morocco. In the case of these aboriginal H. sapiens, they were acceptable afterward herds of gazelles as they migrated above Africa, evolving new cerebral abilities forth the wayâcognitive abilities that enabled them to actualize added developed accoutrement and accept circuitous amusing behaviors. By overextension above best of Africa, these hominids acquired the actual ancestry accept appear to ascertain our species.
Curtis W. Marean, an able on beastly origins at Arizona State University who wasnât circuitous with the study, says the new analysis is important, and not absolutely surprising.
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âThe antecedent age appraisal on the Jebel Irhoud hominin never fabricated sense, for two reasons,â he told Gizmodo. âFirst, the analysis was too ancient for the about adolescent age, and secondâŚevidenceâŚsuggested that the Maghreb was alone during a time aback it was about absolutely actual arid. So this earlier age makes a lot of sense. I am blessed to see this aggregation break this problem.â
Marean says the fossils buck a arresting affinity to a audibly human-like skull, alleged the Florisbad skull, apparent in South Africa aback in 1932. âThe affinity to [this] case suggests that at this time there was a pan-African citizenry that conceivably was the aforementioned species,â he said. âThis is important to know, but conceivably not unexpected.â
Itâs important to point out that the appellation âHomo sapiensâ is not akin to the appellation âmodern humans.â The age-old bodies begin in Morocco were hardly altered than bodies who are animate today, but these aberration werenât cogent abundant for the advisers to aperture them into a abstracted species, or to cast them as yet addition bandage of age-old H. sapiens. By authoritative micro computed tomographic scans of the fossils, the advisers detected some ancient features, such as a longer, lower braincase, able countenance ridges, and a ample face. But they additionally had aerial cheekbones, a audibly modern-looking face, and teeth and jawbones that were about identical to H. sapiens. As Jean-Jacques Hublin acicular out at the columnist conference, âthese bodies wouldnât angle out if we were to accommodated them in the street.â
Archaeologist Chris Stringer from the Natural History Museum of London, who wasnât circuitous in the study, says archaeologists and anthropologists should accept a ample analogue of Homo sapiensâbut he didnât consistently feel that way.
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âI acclimated to altercate that âanatomically avant-garde humansââincluding fossils that about attending like us todayâare the alone accumulation that should be alleged Homo sapiens,â he explained to Gizmodo in an email. âNow, I anticipate that anatomically avant-garde bodies are alone a sub-group aural the breed Homo sapiens, and that we should recognise the assortment of forms aural aboriginal Homo sapiens, some of which apparently went extinct.â
Indeed, abounding altered groups of bodies existed about this time, but it was Homo sapiens who eventually prevailed, overextension out of Africa some time amid 60,000 to 70,000 years ago, and again overextension added still into Asia, Australia, and North and South America. Our breed is all thatâs larboard of the assorted beastly evolutionary âexperimentsâ that transpired for hundreds of bags of years above abundant of Africa, and to a assertive admeasurement in Europe.
But as these new studies show, the defining aspects of our breed emerged as the aftereffect of our charge to move above our borders and constraints. How absolutely human.
[Nature: 1, 2]
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Premier League transfers: Your guide to the window so far
Premier League transfers: Your guide to the window so far
Premier League transfers: Your guide to the window so far
There have been plenty of Premier League transfers you might have missed this summer during the World Cup. So who have each team signed and sold â and who do they need to bring in?
Remember, the transfer deadline for top-flight English clubs is Thursday, 9 August this season for the first time.
All transfers correct as of 18 July 2018
Manchester City
Riyad Mahrez is Manchester Cityâs record signing
Position last season: champions
Transfers in: Riyad Mahrez (Leicester) ÂŁ60m
Transfers out: Angus Gunn (Southampton) ÂŁ13.5m, Pablo Maffeo (Stuttgart) undisclosed, Angelino (PSV) undisclosed, Ashley Smith-Brown (Plymouth) undisclosed, Isaac Buckley-Ricketts (Peterborough) undisclosed, Matt Smith (Twente) loan, Edward Francis (Almere City) loan, Manu Garcia Alonso (Toulouse) loan, Paolo Fernandes (NAC Breda) loan, Yaya Toure (released)
BBC Radio Manchesterâs Andy Buckley: âCity were pipped by Chelsea for Jorginho from Napoli but still have lots of midfield options. Pep Guardiola will be heartened that captain Vincent Kompany came through the World Cup unscathed and the City boss has the buying power to bring in defensive cover and an extra front-line striker if required.
âManchester City aim to become the first club in a decade to make a successful defence of the Premier League title. It will be a much harder task this time round, though the signing of Riyad Mahrez signals their intentions.â
Manchester United
Position last season: second
Transfers in: Fred (Shakhtar Donetsk) ÂŁ47m, Diogo Dalot (Porto) ÂŁ19m, Lee Grant (Stoke) ÂŁ1.5m
Transfers out: Daley Blind (Ajax) ÂŁ14m, Sam Johnstone (West Brom) ÂŁ6.5m, Joe Riley (Bradford) undisclosed, Michael Carrick (retired), Dean Henderson (Sheff Utd) loan
BBC Radio Manchesterâs Bill Rice: âThe arrival of Brazilian midfielder Fred gives United added steel and grit in midfield, and should allow Paul Pogba to flourish further upfield on his return from a successful World Cup, while teenage full-back Diogo Dalotâs arrival led to Daley Blindâs departure after just four Premier League starts last season.
âA commanding central defender and another hardworking wide player are the areas manager Jose Mourinho will look to strengthen, with Tottenhamâs Toby Alderweireld and Chelseaâs Willian among the names in the frame.
âDonât rule out a statement signing too, United â having opted not to pursue re-signing Cristiano Ronaldo nine years after he left the club for Spain â would surely be near the front of the queue if Gareth Bale also decides to leave Real Madrid this summer.â
Tottenham
Position last season: third
Transfers in: None
Transfers out: Keanan Bennetts (Borussia Monchengladbach) undisclosed, Anton Walkes (Portsmouth) undisclosed
BBC Radio Londonâs Andy Rowley: âAs usual Tottenham are taking their time in the transfer market. Spurs got their biggest deals done before the World Cup by securing striker Harry Kane and manager Mauricio Pochettino to new contracts.
âThere might be some re-shaping of the squad to be done if they decide to sell Belgium internationals Mousa Dembele and Toby Alderweireld. Fernando Llorente, Moussa Sissoko, Danny Rose and Vincent Janssen may also be departing.
âDepending on departures they require wide attacking options and cover for Harry Kane.â
Liverpool
Switzerlandâs Xherdan Shaqiri seals victory over Serbia
Position last season: fourth
Transfers in: Fabinho (Monaco) ÂŁ39m, Naby Keita (RB Leipzig) ÂŁ52.75m, Xherdan Shaqiri (Stoke City) ÂŁ13m
Transfers out: Emre Can (Juventus) free, Jon Flanagan (Rangers) free, Yan Dhanda (Swansea) free, Ovie Ejaria (Rangers) loan, Adam Bogdan (Hibernian) loan, Harry Wilson (Derby) loan
BBC Radio Merseysideâs Ian Kennedy: âThe position everyone is talking about is the goalkeeper, as Liverpool close in on a ÂŁ66.8m move for Romaâs Alisson.
âMidfield has been been strengthened with Fabinho and Naby Keita, and now Xherdan Shaqiri too but many see Liverpoolâs striking options needing a boost, if only in terms of experience â but anyone coming to the club will know theyâll have a job and half to play regularly ahead of Mohamed Salah, Sadio Mane and Roberto Firmino.â
Chelsea
Position last season: fifth
Transfers in: Jorginho (Napoli) ÂŁ50m
Transfers out: Jonathan Panzo (Monaco) undisclosed, Mitchell Beeney (Sligo) free, Wallace Oliveira (released), Trevoh Chalobah (Ipswich) loan, Nathan Baxter (Yeovil) loan, Reece James (Wigan) loan, Dujon Sterling (Coventry) loan, Lewis Baker (Leeds) loan, Jake Clarke-Salter (Vitesse) loan, Danilo Pantic (Partizan) loan, Eduardo (Vitesse) loan, Kenedy (Newcastle) loan, Jhoao Rodriguez (Tenerife) loan, Jamal Blackman (Leeds) loan, Todd Kane (Hull) loan, Mason Mount (Derby) loan
BBC Radio Londonâs Nick Godwin: âNew Chelsea boss Maurizio Sarri says the transfer market doesnât really interest him and other people at the club will decide who comes in and goes out, although Jorginho has followed him from Napoli.
âHowever he may have to contend with some potential departures. The futures of Eden Hazard and Thibaut Courtois are far from certain.
âHe did allow himself to suggest that he would like to see a bit more quality in midfield but that he could adapt players he currently has to do this.â
Arsenal
Position last season: sixth
Transfers in: Lucas Torreira (Sampdoria) ÂŁ26m, Bernd Leno (Bayer Leverkusen) ÂŁ19m, Sokratis Papastathopoulos (Borussia Dortmund) ÂŁ16m, Matteo Guendouzi (Lorient) undisclosed, Stephan Lichtsteiner (Juventus) free
Transfers out: Per Mertesacker (retired), Jack Wilshere (West Ham) free, Santi Cazorla (Villarreal) free, Hugo Keto (Brighton) free, Tafari Moore (Plymouth) free, Chiori Johnson (Bolton) free, Yassin Fortune (Sion) free, Aaron Eyoma (Derby) free, Marc Bola (Blackpool) free, Vlad Dragomir, Ryan Huddart, Alex Crean (all released), Takuma Asano (Hannover) loan
BBC Radio Londonâs Phil Parry: âFor the first time in over two decades Arsenal head into a new season without Arsene Wenger at the helm which makes predictions a little difficult. The last campaign for the Frenchman proved very disappointing and his successor takes over with the club at its lowest league ebb on the pitch in years.
âUnai Emeryâs first objective will be to make the Gunners challenge for a top-four finish. The players who have left the squad are no major surprise while the business already done has started to fill a few of the cracks which have appeared in the last couple of years. Two experienced defenders will help and a new goalkeeper in Leno may signal a real challenge to Petr Cech in the battle for the gloves.
âLucas Torreira looked impressive as a defensive midfielder for Uruguay in the World Cup and looks to be an astute acquisition. The front pair of Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang and Alexandre Lacazette have the potential to provide goals but the Gunners could still do with some potency out wide. And at the back another dominant central defender and left sided player would be on fansâ shopping lists. But perhaps after a stale end to the Wenger era this new direction will have an immediate impact.â
Burnley
Position last season: seventh
Transfers in: None
Transfers out: Scott Arfield (Rangers) free, Tom Anderson (Doncaster) free, Josh Ginnelly (Walsall) free, Chris Long, Dean Marney (both released)
BBC Radio Lancashireâs Scott Read: âThey look a central defender light, having not strengthened since the sale of Michael Keane 12 months ago. Kevin Long was an able deputy for Ben Mee and James Tarkowski, but injury to either would leave them stretched at the back. A little extra pace and mobility, out wide and/or up front could also be a priority.
âThe longer Burnley remain in the Europa League, the tougher theyâll find the Premier League, at least thatâs how the theory goes. However, the Championship title, two consecutive years in the top flight and then securing European football has told me that theories, where Sean Dyche is concerned, often go out of the window.â
Everton
Wayne Rooney on Everton, England and the MLS
Position last season: eighth
Transfers in: None
Transfers out: Ramiro Funes Mori (Villarreal) undisclosed, Wayne Rooney (DC United) undisclosed, Joel Robles (Real Betis) free, Jose Baxter (Oldham) free, David Henen (released), Luke Garbutt (Oxford) loan, Henry Onyekuru (Galatasaray) loan
BBC Radio Merseysideâs Ian Kennedy: âI think Marco Silva and new director of football Marcel Brands will be aware of the lack of depth in the striking department. Cenk Tosun has proved to be a good signing, but heâll need support up top. Dominic Calvert-Lewin did well last season and we know Oumar Niasse can be a handful â but can Everton find an experienced top-class striker or two?
âEverton have holding midfielders â but may look for more creative midfielders. A fit again Gylfi Sigurdsson will be a bonus and itâll be interesting to see if Ademola Lookman is given more opportunities after coming back from his loan spell in Germany. The Blues squad is big, and may well require trimming down before any new signings come in. Last season proved tough for the likes of Davy Klaassen and Nikola Vlasic â but will the new manager give them an opportunity to impress?â
Leicester
Position last season: ninth
Transfers in: James Maddison (Norwich) ÂŁ20m, Ricardo Pereira (Porto) ÂŁ17.7m, Jonny Evans (West Brom) ÂŁ3.5m
Transfers out: Riyad Mahrez (Man City) ÂŁ60m, Connor Wood (Bradford) undisclosed, Ben Hamer (Huddersfield) free, Robert Huth (released), Elliott Moore (OH Leuven) loan
BBC Radio Leicesterâs Ian Stringer: âThe Foxes will only really know what they need when theyâre sure the likes of Kasper Schmeichel, Harry Maguire, Wilfred NDidi and Jamie Vardy wonât be poached. Claude Puel may want another left back to assist youngster Ben Chilwell and Christian Fuchs.
âThe central midfield is packed and thereâs options on the wings but yet another ânumber 10â or creative player wouldnât surprise me.
âJack Grealish was mentioned before Spurs showed interest but Iâd expect the Foxes to spread their transfer tentacles far and wide. An overseas star wouldnât be strange; letâs hope theyâre more successful than Ahmed Musa and Islam Slimani.â
Newcastle
Position last season: 10th
Transfers in: Martin Dubravka (Sparta Prague) undisclosed, Ki Sung-yueng (Swansea) free, Kenedy (Chelsea) loan
Transfers out: Mikel Merino (Real Sociedad) undisclosed, Massadio Haidara (Lens) free, Stuart Findlay (Kilmarnock) free
BBC Radio Newcastleâs Matthew Raisbeck: âRafael Benitez is again frustrated by Newcastleâs approach to transfers. He was hoping for more than the ÂŁ45m that was spent last summer â but has again only been given a modest budget.
âThe Spaniard knows he needs to sell players â and reduce the wage bill â in order to bring in more new faces; striker Aleksandar Mitrovic â wanted by Fulham â is his most saleable asset.
âBenitez needs at least one striker. West Bromâs Salomon Rondon is the Magpiesâ top target after they missed out on Alassane Plea. The United boss also wants to re-sign winger Andros Townsend from Crystal Palace, and could finance that deal by allowing Matt Ritchie to join Stoke.
âThree players have arrived so far. But given that Kenedy and Martin Dubravka have returned after being on loan, and Ki Sung-yeung is a like-for-like replacement for Mikel Merino, Newcastle are effectively no stronger than they were last season.â
Crystal Palace
Position last season: 11th
Transfers in: Vicente Guaita (Getafe) free
Transfers out: Yohan Cabaye (Al Nasr) free, Damien Delaney (Cork) free, Diego Cavalieri, Lee Chung-yong (both released)
BBC Radio Londonâs Nick Godwin: âThings have been very quiet on the transfer front so far this summer which has alarmed some Palace supporters.
âRoy Hodgson produced a miracle last season given how lop-sided the squad was and the number of injuries suffered through the campaign.
âA new goalkeeper has finally been brought in [Guaita] but new recruits are required in midfield and up front.
âHowever most efforts are being targeted at keeping hold of Palaceâs current stars â particularly Wilfried Zaha.â
Bournemouth
Position last season: 12th
Transfers in: David Brooks (Sheffield United) undisclosed
Transfers out: Benik Afobe (Wolves) ÂŁ10m, Lewis Grabban (Nottingham Forest) ÂŁ6m, Max Gradel (Toulouse) undisclosed, Adam Federici (Stoke) undisclosed, Rhoys Wiggins (retired), Ryan Allsop (Wycombe) free, Ollie Harfield (Dag & Red) free, Sam Matthews (Bristol Rovers) free, Joe Quigley (Maidstone) free, Baily Cargill, Patrick OâFlaherty (both released), Mikael Ndjoli (Kilmarnock) loan
BBC Radio Solentâs Adam Blackmore: âItâs been a quiet summer so far, but the Cherries are chasing Uruguayan international left-back Diego Laxalt, and Colombian midfielder Jefferson Lerma.
âIf Eddie Howe can persuade Lerma and Laxalt to come to the Vitality stadium, then two of their key needs will have been addressed. Centre-back and/or right-back could also be positions that give Eddie Howe more strength in depth and formation options.â
West Ham
Felipe Anderson is West Hamâs club record signing
Position last season: 13th
Transfers in: Felipe Anderson (Lazio) ÂŁ36m, Issa Diop (Toulouse) ÂŁ22m, Lukasz Fabianski (Swansea) ÂŁ7m, Andriy Yarmolenko (Borussia Dortmund) undisclosed, Fabian Balbuena (Corinthians) undisclosed, Jack Wilshere (Arsenal) free, Ryan Fredericks (Fulham) free
Transfers out: Ben Wells (QPR) undisclosed, Reece Burke (Hull) undisclosed, James Collins, Patrice Evra (both released)
BBC Radio Londonâs Phil Parry: âHaving appointed a new manager in the shape of Manuel Pellegrini the Hammers have done their transfer business early. And after calls from fans for the club to splash some of the Premier League cash the board have gone out and invested heavily this summer to strengthen areas identified by many observers as those needing to be addressed.
âDiop looks as a fine prospect in the heart of defence while Ryan Fredericks will match the energy and up and down style of Arthur Masuaku on the opposite full-back flank. With the arrival of Anderson and Yarmolenko the Ironsâ front four looks very strong and Jack Wilshere has the qualities to unlock defences [providing those injury doubts donât haunt him].
âI suppose there could still be a couple of exits if the squad seems a little too large and thereâs a suggestion that Marko Arnautovic could attract attention from elsewhere. But based on what has been done so far the supporters will be expecting a top-10 finish, a push for possible European qualification and a cup run.â
Watford
Position last season: 14th
Transfers in: Gerard Deulofeu (Barcelona) ÂŁ11.5m, Adam Masina (Bologna) ÂŁ3.5m, Marc Navarro (Espanyol) ÂŁ1.8m, Ben Wilmot (Stevenage) undisclosed, Ken Sema (Ostersund) undisclosed, Ben Foster (West Brom) undisclosed
Transfers out: Costel Pantilimon (Nottingham Forest) undisclosed, Mauro Zarate (Boca Juniors) undisclosed, Brandon Mason (Coventry) free
BBC Three Counties Radioâs Geoff Doyle: âIt looks as though Watford have again been canny in the transfer market, not spending too much (about ÂŁ25m so far) but bringing in players to strengthen last seasonâs problem areas to bolster a squad which is already pretty strong but which was badly hampered by injuries last campaign.
âBen Foster is an excellent goalkeeper choice, two full-backs were required and were brought in early, Gerard Deulofeu will continue to get better and the others could also make their mark.
âA striker is the one area that probably still needs strengthening. Troy Deeneyâs influence has lessened over the three Premier League years although injury hasnât helped and Andre Gray didnât quite hit the mark last season so proven back-up is probably needed if those two donât fire.â
Brighton
Position last season: 15th
Transfers in: Bernardo (RB Leipzig) ÂŁ9m, Florin Andone (Deportivo) undisclosed, Jason Steele (Sunderland) undisclosed, David Button (Fulham) undisclosed, Yves Bissouma (Lille) undisclosed, Leon Balogun (Mainz) free, Joseph Tomlinson (Yeovil) free, Hugo Keto (Arsenal) free
Transfers out: Jamie Murphy (Rangers) undisclosed, Connor Goldson (Rangers) undisclosed, Bailey Vose (Colchester) undisclosed, Henrik Bjordal (Zulte Waregem) undisclosed, Uwe Huenemeier (Paderborn) free, Steve Sidwell, Liam Rosenior, Niki Maenpaa (all released), Robert Sanchez (Forest Green Rovers) loan, Ben Hall (Notts County) loan, Christian Walton (Wigan) loan, Steven Alzate (Swindon) loan, Ales Mateju (Brescia) loan
BBC Sussexâs Johnny Cantor: âThe Seagulls moved quickly to secure long-term targets early in the window and opted for players with versatility like Leon Balogun and Bernardo who can play in a number of positions.
âInitially the main focus was on the defence and two new keepers but the spotlight has moved further up the pitch.
âThe arrival of central midfielder Yves Bissouma may allow for different option of a 4-3-3 next season, a possible Plan B to improve on last yearâs away from home [11 points] but a creative number 10 or another wide player may complete the squad alongside the cut-price capture of Florin Andone earlier in the summer.â
Huddersfield
Position last season: 16th
Transfers in: Terence Kongolo (Monaco) ÂŁ17m, Ramadan Sobhi (Stoke) ÂŁ5.7m, Juninho Bacuna (Groningen) undisclosed, Jonas Lossl (Mainz) undisclosed, Erik Durm (Borussia Dortmund) undisclosed, Ben Hamer (Leicester) free
Transfers out: Dean Whitehead (retired), Dylan Cogill (Clyde) free, Jack Boyle (Clyde) free, Jack Payne (Bradford) loan, Robert Green, Denilson Carvalho, Luca Colville, Cameron Taylor (all released)
BBC Radio Leedsâ Paul Ogden: âSo far, a classic modern-day Huddersfield Town transfer window, with a nod towards the financial reward for having stayed in the Premier League at the first attempt.
âA new club transfer record has been set by the permanent acquisition of Terence Kongolo from Monaco, accompanied by a handful of other, more obscure, and typically bold bargain-hunterâs captures.
âEgyptâs Ramadan Sobhi for example, salvaged from the rubble of Stokeâs relegation collapse, wouldnât have interested many other Premier League clubs. Head coach David Wagner however, will have seen something he liked in Sobhi as an opponent last season and believe he can get much more from the player than others have.
âEqually original is the arrival of ex-Germany international Erik Durm to add some much-needed nous to Huddersfieldâs left side. His low risk, short contract from Borussia Dortmund is a classic win-win.â
Southampton
Position last season: 17th
Transfers in: Mohamed Elyounoussi (Basel) ÂŁ16m, Angus Gunn (Man City) ÂŁ13.5m, Stuart Armstrong (Celtic) ÂŁ7m, Jannik Vestergaard (Borussia Monchengladbach) undisclosed
Transfers out: Dusan Tadic (Ajax) ÂŁ10m, Olufela Olomola (Scunthorpe) free, Florin Gardos (Universitatea Craiova) free, Armani Little (Oxford) free, Will Wood (Accrington) free, Jeremy Pied, Ollie Cook, Richard Bakary, Stuart Taylor (all released), Guido Carrillo (Leganes) loan, Ryan Seager (Telstar) loan
BBC Radio Solentâs Adam Blackmore: âI expect further movement after a good summer so far for Saints. They could add a forward/winger but I suspect they will be keen to move Sofiane Boufal out on loan first. Goalkeeper Fraser Forster also looks set for a loan move away following the investment in Angus Gunn.
âSome supporters are calling for another striker, after struggling for goals in the last two seasons.â
Wolves
Shades of Banks â Portugal keeperâs brilliant save
Position last season: champions (Championship)
Transfers in: Benik Afobe (Bournemouth) ÂŁ10m, Willy Boly (Porto) ÂŁ10m, Rui Patricio (Sporting Lisbon) fee not yet decided, Leo Bonatini (Al-Hilal) undisclosed, Ruben Vinagre (Monaco) undisclosed, Raul Jimenez (Benfica) loan, Diogo Jota (Atletico Madrid) undisclosed
Transfers out: Ben Marshall (Norwich) undisclosed, Duckens Nazon (STVV) undisclosed, Prince Oniangue (Caen) undisclosed, Jon Flatt (Scunthorpe) free, Hakeem Odoffin (Northampton) free, Jordan Allan, Dan Armstrong, Anthony Breslin, Nicu Carnat, Ross Finnie, Conor Levingston, Tomas Nogueira, Adam Osbourne, Ryan Rainey, Jose Xavier (all released), Benik Afobe (Stoke) loan, Christian Herc (Dunajska Streda) loan, Aaron Collins (Colchester) loan, Sherwin Seedorf (Bradford) loan, Roderick Miranda (Olympiakos) loan
BBC WM 95.6âs Mike Taylor: âWolves supporters expecting a wild summer of spending from their wealthy owners following promotion have so far been left, if not disappointed, then maybe a little unfulfilled. Itâs hard to believe that will stay the case for long. Much of the money so far laid out this summer has been to consolidate last yearâs squad by turning loans into permanent deals, most notably for the hugely popular Willy Boly and Diogo Jota, and they didnât come cheaply.
âThe signing of the Portuguese goalkeeper Rui Patricio may have been a little opportunistic, Wolves plucking him out of Sporting Lisbonâs summer of chaos, to the clear annoyance of his former employers, who are determined to extract some sort of payment at least. There are suggestions that Sporting want ÂŁ50m for the keeper! While his quality and value is beyond doubt, it could be argued that other areas of the squad more urgently require reinforcement.
âRaul Jimenez on loan is so far the forward new to the club, and although heâs enjoyed success with Benfica, they have used him sparingly in view of their total outlay for him. If he proves to be a success or is joined by another striker, Benik Afobeâs immediate departure to Stoke after signing a full deal will look less unusual. An additional central defender would seem to be a likely priority too, and it would be no surprise to see Wolves use the loan-with-a-view-to-permanent method extensively again in whatever remaining business they have in mind.â
Cardiff
Position last season: second (Championship)
Transfers in: Josh Murphy (Norwich) ÂŁ11m, Bobby Reid (Bristol City) ÂŁ10m, Greg Cunningham (Preston) ÂŁ4m, Alex Smithies (QPR) ÂŁ3.5m,
Transfers out: None
BBC Walesâ Dafydd Pritchard: âOwner Vincent Tan said Cardiff City would learn from their previous stint in the Premier League â which ended after a single tumultuous season in 2014 â and their spending this summer suggests they have done just that.
âWinger Josh Murphy, forward Bobby Reid, goalkeeper Alex Smithies and left-back Greg Cunningham have joined for less than ÂŁ30m between them, adding quality to the squad which won promotion from the Championship in efficient fashion last season.
âManager Neil Warnock has done his business early and with the exception of a few loan signings â Liverpool midfielder Marko Grujic is in the frame to return â he seems unlikely to make many more additions.â
Fulham
Position last season: third, play-off winners (Championship)
Transfers in: Jean Michael Seri (Nice) undisclosed, Maxime le Marchand (Nice) undisclosed.
Transfers out: David Button (Brighton) undisclosed, Ryan Fredericks (West Ham) free, Stephen Humphrys (Scunthorpe) loan, Elijah Adebayo (Swindon) loan
BBC Radio Londonâs Andy Rowley: âFulham fans are already hoping they have got the Ivorian Xavi as Jean Michael Seri has topped the Ligue 1 rankings for passes played and completed for the past two seasons. He should certainly fit in with the way they play their football under Slavisa Jokanovic, who will also be keen to bring Aleksandar Mitrovic and Matt Targett to Craven Cottage on permanent deals after the Southampton and Newcastle players impressed on loan in the second half of last seasonâs promotion campaign.
âFulham have also been busy tying key players to long-term deals with captain Tom Cairney and influential USA defender Tim Ream extending their contracts. This is good news after losing full-back Ryan Fredericks, who ran down his contract and moved to West Ham on a free transfer.
âThey need to strengthen in central defence, at left-back and up front.â
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The Blackthorn Music Festival has moved on somewhat from it's humble beginnings on the outskirts of Manchester just four years ago. Blackthorn Music Festival now boasts a stellar line-up of the best in unsigned UK indie music as well as a clutch of top headliners including Reef, Space, Sex Pissed Dolls and the Lightning Seeds and we'll feature as many as we can on the Radio KC Indie Show between now and July 23rd. If you're looking for a place to see all your favourite bands in one place - Blackthorn Music Festival is the place to be. In fact If Ralph was going to put together a line-up for Ralphstock, this would pretty much be it! Nestled in the picturesque countryside, yet only 15 minutes from Stockport and 30 minutes from Manchester, Blackthorn Music Festival is a true celebration of the city's diverse cultures and stunning rural produce plus all the outdoor joy of 'glamping' - time to get your wellies on!Â
With the North West creating some of the best music ever made and the region's food and drink producers bringing us some of the tastiest , high quality produce available, when you come to Blackthorn Music Festival you'll be assured of the best of the city alongside the best of the countryside.
CLICK ON THEIR NAME TO FOLLOW THE BANDS & ARTISTS ON TWITTER
REEF:Â Reef are an English band from Glastonbury who've been part of the UK alt rock/pop scene since 1993. The current band line-up includes Gary Stringer on vocals, Jesse Wood on guitar, Jack Bessant on bass and Dominic Greensmith on drums. Famed for their live performances and with the likes of Reading and Glastonbury festivals under their belt they're as 'British Rock Royalty' a headliner as you could wish for. LIGHTNING SEEDS:
The Lightning Seeds are an English alternative rock band from Liverpool formed in 1989 by Ian Broudie, formerly of the band Big in Japan. Stalwarts of the 90's ppp scene and always festival favourites, they're a real catch for Blackthorn Music Festival. After a highly acclaimed Edinburgh Hogmanay performance last year Broudie is currently writing and recording the first Lightning Seeds album in years.
SEX PISSED DOLLS: The Sex Pissed Dolls are an all female rock band. The five-piece formed in late 2014 and like many others started out covering songs they loved. In 2015 they embarked on a 50 plus date UK tour aptly entitled ' The Never Needed Bollocks Tour ' playing many prestigious venues up and down the United Kingdom to rapturous reviews. SPACE:
November 2011 saw the triumphant return of Space. The new line-up reunited original members Tommy, jamie and Frannie for the first time in 10 years. They were joined by the other members of Tommy's band The Red Scare, Phil Hartley, Ryan Clarke and Allen Jones. Their return was cemented with a sell out gig in Liverpool's O2 Academy back in December 2011. No Hot Ashes: High on Ralph's 'ones to watch' list are No Hot Ashes, an exuberant four-piece from Stockport. The sound they have settled on is heavy bass infused Chilli Peppers meets James Brown with a rap and hip hop overlay. The combination is as infectious as it is fresh and in an era of samey local guitar bands of varying qualities. They are band you have to see live as their performances ooze raw funk rhythms and a passion for entertaining crowds. Keep your eyes peeled for their brand new single Bellyaches, it's a corker!
The Blinders:
The Blinders are a three-piece alternative group from Doncaster who are now based in Manchester who are high on Ralph's 'ones to watch' list.Â
The band attempts to be in your face at all times, smelting loud and visceral political punk rock with enigmatic, psychedelic poetry and tones with their diverse, unique combination of raw music creating a âPunkadelicâ sound.
Sundowners:
A formidable live act, the Wirral 5-piece Sundowners benefit from an almost telepathic on-stage understanding born out of both Fiona & Niamhâs long-term friendship and the addition of Fionaâs brother, Alfie, on guitar.
The band have released a brace of limited edition singles, tour constantly playing alongside the likes of Cats Eyes & Kasabian and appear at both the All Tomorrowâs Parties and Glastonbury Festivals.
Guxti Bibang:
Guxti Bibang is an international rock act whose first single System of a Gun decries flawed systems worldwide. With their roots on multiple continents, the groupâs dynamic single is sure to find willing ears everywhere.Â
Frontman and guitarist Gutxi Bibang is âa second-generation African [hailing] from the Basque region of Northern Spain.
Larkins:
Larkins have been described as Manchester's next big arena act, with the Manchester Evening News commenting...
 "The four schoolmates from Glossop are already writing songs that would make Chris Martin Weep with envy."
They've already got an impressive line up of gigs planned including Kendal Calling and Edinburgh's Fringe Festival later in the year.
Stillia:
No surprises that St Helens band Stillia are big favourites of Ralph as they've already played at two of the Ralph's Life charity events over the last three years.Â
Their current single Let Me In has gained no small amount of airplay and had a video for it directed by another home-town talent Johnny Vegas.
radio 2 DJ janice Long described their forthcoming debut album as... "The best debut I've heard since The La's."
False Advertising:
Ralph's featured false advertising on the blog last year as well as catching them live in Soup Kitchen and can attest to the quality (and volume) of their music, so it's no surprise they've been snapped up to perform at Blackthorn.
Self-proclaimed purveyors of 'Twisted Power-grunge', they offer up dreamy soaring male/female harmonies blended with distorted guitars.
Dantevilles:
Describing themselves as a 'fresh-faced, four-piece band emitting new music from the home they call Manchester', Dantevilles are reimagining the sound of the red-brick capital of the North with their uplifting and soulful brand of indie pop.
Clean, canny guitars and dual captivating vocals never compete for space in their unshakable, off-the-wall arrangements.
Types:
Types are just the kind of band that sums up what makes Manchester so important. Meandering and experimental, yet intriguingly accessible.
Their new EP is described as...
"the perfect microcosm of the sound that is dominating the UKâs underground scene, and itâs bands like this that will be leading the charge when it breaks into the mainstream."
October Drift:
Rising newcomers October Drift have gained a strong word-of-mouth following since exploding onto the music scene at the start of 2015 and high on Ralph's 'ones to watch' list.
With shows at BBC6 Music festival, Dot to Dot, Tramlines and camden Rocks under their belts alongside a cult fan base spreading the word, the immediate future for this young band is very bright (and very loud).
Saytr Play:
Saytr Play have been variously described as "The best thing to come out of Preston since Freddie Flintoff" and "Vocally I hear Catfish but instrumentally I hear something completely different. Â It's the coolest kind of indie."
The Jade Assembly:
With energetic rock to lift your feet off the floor, the Bolton hailing group perform with fearsome energy and zealous honesty. Recently releasing a single with Ugly Man Records the band have worked with the prestigious label responsible for Elbows early success.
Lead singer John (Foz) Foster passionately performs with enough charisma to give former rock-gods from the Gallaghers to Dave Grohl a run for their money.Â
New York Tourists:
New York Tourists are an Alternative band who instantly leave a stamp on your chest, Described as Queens of The Stone Age meets Foals.Â
They've had support slots with the likes of The Subways, The View, The Sunshine Underground, Buzzcocks, and previously headlining the Alternative Stage at Blackburn Festival. New York Tourists, played their biggest gig to date , at Hogton Tower, Preston, in front of 12,000 people as main support to the legends that are the mighty Status Quo.
Sly Antics:
Sly Antics arrived onto the Manchester music scene in 2016 after recording their epic debut EP Captive City at Greenmount Studios, home to The Cribs and Pulled apart by Horses.
Their live shows are described as raucous and ear blistering. Their tracks are referred to as catchy, clever and powerful. Their music videos are labelled as genius, mad and hilarious.
The Jackobins:
Formed in 2014, dubbed by Fred Perry Subculture and This Feeling as âBig in 2016â, Liverpool based four piece The Jackobins have taken the UK's music scene by storm, headlining and selling out venues across the country whilst appearing on some of the UKâs most prestigious festivals including: Reading & Leeds,Tramlines, Live at Leeds, Dot to Dot, Sound City and Y Not Festival.
Their previous singles have aired on BBC Intro Merseyside, BBC 6, Radio KC and Radio X and a must watch for Ralph.
Novatones:Â
Southampton based Indie/Britpop Punksters playing music that everyone can associate with.
A band fueled on a love/hate relationship for all things British. proud to be part of England and the legendary music scene that comes with it, but fed up of the spoon fed bullshit synonymous with the x factor generation and all the pop puppets.Â
Hard grafting, hard hitting well dressed punk with a sound that smacks you in the face and leaves you thirsting for more.
Happy Daggers:
Happy Daggers band have previously graced the stages of Reading and Leeds, British Summer Time, Beatherder, Blackthorn Festival, Bingley Music Live, Live At Leeds, Beacons, and Long Division to name a few.Â
As well as playing sold out gigs across the country, Happy Daggers have performed with the likes of Public Service Broadcasting, The Milk, Pretty Vicious, The Tapestry, Middleman, and Fold.
Carnival Club:
Carnival Club are a quartet of late teenage, early twenty-somethingâs brimming with excitement, energy and kick out the jams, no holds barred vision. These Manchester based lads â Kai, George, Eddie and Joe have absorbed their musical learning showing maturity way beyond their youthful years. Their songs are made in the north, will hit you from the north, south, east and west. They will astound the ears and bless the heart.Â
Floodhounds:
From British Indie to raw American Blues, "gloriously guitar-heavy," and rumbling with subterranean rock; FloodHounds are a swirling explosion of bluesy fire, tearing its way through the UKâs packed and sweaty music venues.Â
Sheffield 3-piece FloodHoundsâ hits you like a British Black Keys or White Stripes, inspired by the likes of Band of Skulls, or Drenge with just a hint of Black Rebel Motorcycle Club. They're high on Ralph's 'ones to watch' list.
Kashmere:
Hailing from Stockport, four-piece Kashmere are comprised of Joey Newey on guitar & vocals, Charlie Cole on guitar, Andy Law on vocals & drums and Dave Pennington on Bass.
They've just released their new single Porcelain and are playing the When In Manchester Festival this month prior to attacking the stage at Blackthorn Festival.
Oddity Road:
Emerging from the depths of the Hope Valley and the bright lights of Sheffield, Oddity Road are 4 young lads delivering energetic spikey indie rock/pop. 2016 saw the lads hit the stage for the first time delivering driving live sets at Tramlines, the O2, The Plug and The Leadmill Sheffield, amongst many others; picking up radio airplay on BBC Introducing and Radio 6 music & Radio KC. Jess Kemp:Â
Mathew Lally Photography
At 22 years old with 6 years on the Manchester circuit, Jess Kemp released her debut single âStarsâ in March 2015. The demand for more brought the launch of her debut EP âCamden" which brings a much bolder and more exciting sound to tracks already featured by BBC Introducing & BBC Radio 2. Following the release of the EP, Jess went on to headline Manchester Academy 3, Factory Manchester and The Live Room. The success of the above release led to the demand of a 4 date European tour which took place in August 2016. Since then, Jess placed 3rd for Best Unsigned Female in the Best Of British Unsigned Music Awards. In the same week, Jess and her band reached the final of Indie Week Europe and again placed 3rd from a selection of 70+ bands.
Jamie & Shoonie:
Jamie & Shoonie play anthems that have them making waves in Scotland and collecting a loyal fanbase. They have played to sell out crowds in some of the country's ďŹnest venues such as Glasgow's Barrowland Ballroom, O2 ABC, Kings Tuts, The Electric Circus and Saint Lukes.
They took the title of 'Best Live Act' 2016 Award from The Local Music Scene Blog and played to over 8,000 people at Linlithgow's Party at The Palace supporting Nile Rodgers with CHIC.
Factory:
Factory have played countless gigs/festivals up and down the country at venues like the Queens Hall and The Cavern as well as packing out venues in our home town.Â
They are no strangers to big stages as we have played academies and theatres such as the Epstein Theatre and the Brindley. More recently we were chosen by Alan McGee (Creation Records) to open up at the British Sound Project for Primal Scream at Victoria Warehouse in Manchester.
Puppet Rebellion:
There are many artists out there vying for your time, but a quick glance at Puppet Rebellion's already impressive list of achievements prove to show that this fiercely independent band is the real deal.
The band have so far released two critically acclaimed EPs, ('Chemical Friends' and 'No Means Yes'), tracks of which can be heard when they play their status affirming and sold-out energetic shows around the nation's Northern capital (including main support slots with 'Catfish & The Bottlemen' & 'Reverend and the Makers') and other venues across the UK.
Ded Rabbit: Ralph's a long time Ded Rabbit fan after they not only donated a track for the Ralph's Life charity CD but travelled down to London and played a storming set at the Proud Camden launch party. With a number of well received EP and single releases, theyâve continued to complete a number of high profile performances that should be on any UK bandâs bucket list. Where Fires Are: Where Fires are have been variously described as... '...a whirlwind of high-powered, introspective rock, complete with galvanising riffs and dulcet vocals... ' '...Where Fires Are are an almost perfect balance between emphatic alternative rock and more sedate, ponderous aspects...' In other words, don't miss them live at Blackthorn Festival! Polar States: Polar States are a band who have been championed by BBC Radio 1âs Huw Stephens, BBC Radio 6âs Steve Lamacq & Chris Hawkins and BBC Introducing's Dave Monks. Needless to say Ralph's also given them a spin on the Radio KC Indie Show of a Sunday. Ravellas: Hailing from Wigan, Ravellas profess to playing, 'dirty, ugly, indie rock 'n' roll'. They've just released a new single Puppettes and It's featured on the Radio KC Indie Show Sunday April 16th as part of the Blackthorn Festival promotion over the weeks leading up to the event itself in July. Laura White:
Laura White is an English singer-songwriter from Atherton in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester.
She is also known for finishing in eighth place on the fifth series of The X Factor in 2008 and being the only singer to date raised in parliament on her exit of the show. Stew Mac: Educated Risk: Educated Risk are a young unsigned Indie band from south Manchester who have been playing together for a few years and focus mainly on writing original songs. They spent the end of last year writing and recording a debut EP, Rewind, and are currently writing more original songs that they hope to record onto a second EP. Indigo Velvet: Indigo Velvet are a young Tropical-pop quartet from Edinburgh. They kickstart 2017 on Vic Galloway (BBC Radio Scotland) and Jim Gellatly's 'oneâs to watchâ list, after a landmark 2016 saw them championed by Record of the Day, The Metro, Scotland On Sunday and more. Radio play includes a spot-play on BBC Radio 1, Radio X, BBC Introducing and Ralph's Indie show. Matter Of Mind:
Matter Of Mind are a four piece rock band from Stockport, Manchester made up of four 18 year olds who have recently featured on Clint Boons 'Set2go live' and the 'Set2go' podcast. âThis is loud music! This is good music!â - Clint Boon They've also been 'Band Of The Day' on Louder Than War along with 'Track Of The Day' on GigSlutz. Dancing On Tables: 2017 has started well for Dancing on Tables, having released 'Don't Stop' in December, the band were named artist of the week in Scotland on Sunday as well as being showcased in Jim Gellatly's column in The Sun while receiving national radio play with the title tack from the EP. Growing up in Dunfermline, that has spawned many talented musicians, the boys always had local heroes to idolise, with their childhoods spent wanting to follow in the footsteps of Big Country and The Skids. The Leathernecks:
This band from Rotherham started out playing in a Indie/Rock covers band. After a few years of playing together up and down the UK and throughout Europe the band decided to have a go at doing some of their own stuff. In late 2013 The Leathernecks were born, fronted by Guitarist Nick Wild who brings a 'very Sheffield' vocal to he mix. His style is often compared to the likes of Milburn and Arctic Monkeys with a sprinkling of Courteeners very own Liam Frey added in for good measure. Luna Rosa: Foreignfox: Foreignfox are a 5 piece, turbulent juxtaposition of dark, visceral post rock and defiant, uplifting alt-folk. The band have enjoyed two consecutive years of huge shows across the country & festival appearances including T In The Park, Stockton Calling, XpoNorth, Wickerman, Belladrum, Kendal Calling & Electric Fields as well as supporting Scottish heavyweights such as We Were Promised Jetpacks, Fatherson & rock royalty, Nazareth. Cleargreen:
Cleargreen was formed in 2012 and the band consists of Ali Staley (Vocals & Rhythm Guitar), Jack Blair (Lead Guitar), Liam McIver (Bass Guitar) and Tyrone Heeley (Drums). Their music has a variety of influences coming from genres such as alternative indie, mod, and rock and roll. The band has grown within the Manchester inde scene and they've numerous accolades to their name including headlining the O2 Ritz, Manchester Academy 3 and being included in Fred Perry Subculture's Top 20 Manchester Unsigned bands. Young Jack:
Young Jack are a 5 piece fountain of funk hailing from the 2017 city of culture Hull who offer fresh & funky rhythms ready to cleanse the mind and take hold of your soul. Following successful shows and festivals around the UK, including Kendal Calling, Trinity Festival, Tramlines they're ready to take on Blackthorn Festival. Kriss Barras:Â
With thanks to Andy Hibbs for the photo
Caroline: Argh Kid: A self-confessed Mancunian who was dragged up in the 'doledrums' on a diet of broken McVitie's biscuits resulting in the arrival of the performance poet formerly know as award-winning writer David Scott. He's signed a record contract with an EP out soon, filming a documentary, a book out in summer, festival appearances abound, been on't ITV plus...supporting his heroes The Happy Mondays! Corella: I caught fresh indie-pop four piece Corella recently supporting Billy Bibby & The Wry Smiles in The Magnet' Liverpool and if their set is a taster of what's to come, I can't wait to see them again at Blackthorn Festival. Following the release of their debut single Waterfall which featured on a LA shot promo for international BMX brand Mongoose, the band are currently bouncing between the studio & the road with their powerful, positive vocals, funky guitars & energetic drums. The Claremonts: Hailed as one of Manchester's finest prospects by Louder Than War The Claremonts are, Finn Gildea on vocals, Nathan Rowbotham on guitar, Ryan Stevens on Bass and Imogen Shortall on drums. Their new single Another Day was released early March and they headline AATMA in Manchester on April 15th.
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