Day Fourteen: The Club Route
By September 1944, the German Army had been effectively pushed out of France, save for a few isolated pockets, and the Allies were flush with their success. A general belief set in that the war was won; that victory was a simple matter of one last push. Both Montgomery, now a field marshal in command of the 21st Army Group, and Patton urged General Eisenhower to support a final, narrow-front push over the Rhine and into Germany - naturally to be committed under their command.
In Britain, the newly created First Allied Airborne Army bristled for a chance to deploy before the war ended. Drop after drop was cancelled, and General Browning despaired at losing his chance for glory in Europe. The chance finally came in an audacious plan to capture a series of bridges in the Netherlands culminating in the Rhine itself - Operation Market Garden.
Most were delighted. Sosabowski, commanding the Polish airborne forces, was horrified. He believed the plan to capture a narrow corridor into Germany was completely foolhardy. So too was Admiral Ramsey, who wanted the army to concentrate on securing the Scheldt Estury and opening the port of Antwerp. But everybody believed the Germans were finished. It would be a mere matter of marching - or dropping, as it were.
On paper, the plan seemed simple. The US 101st Airborne Division would land around Eindhoven, securing the bridges at Son, Vehgel and Grave among others. The 82nd Airborne, under command of General Jim Gavin, would land around Nijmegen and secure the vital bridge over the Waal. The 1st Airborne Division would be dropped near Arnhem at Oosterbeek - the RAF and USAAF were skeptical about landing them on the town proper due to possible anti-air emplacements.
With the bridges secured, General Brian Horrocks’ British XXX Corps would charge down Highway 69, through Eindhoven, Nijmegen and Arnhem and on into Germany, a dagger blow into the heart of the Third Reich. Horrocks was so comfortable with the plan and so confident it would be an easy drive that he nicknamed the highway ‘the Club Route.’
By mid-September, everything was set to go. The paratroopers were ready. The tanks were ready. Thousands of British, American and Polish soldiers were ready to go. General Browning, commanding the Allied airborne forces, was confident that no major opposition stood in their way.
So confident, in fact, that he ignored Dutch intelligence reports indicating that two SS panzer divisions were recuperating in the area…
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Midday, 17 September 1944.
Lieutenant-Colonel John O. E. Vandeleur, invariably referred to as Joe due to his initials, sat in a Sherman Firefly tank at the start line of Operation Garden. The Guards Armoured Division was ready to move, and his Irish Guards were going in first. The Firefly was a potent machine, armed with a 17-pounder anti-tank gun that could put the fear of god into a Tiger tank. He commanded a considerable force of Sherman tanks, and had at his disposal the infantry of the Irish Guards and the Typhoon fighter-bombers of the Royal Air Force.
He was about to cross what is now called Joe’s Bridge, in Neerpelt near Lommel. The Irish Guards, under Vandeleur’s command, had dramatically captured it on the 10th, and today they would continue their attack, plunging their armoured spear into the dying heart of Nazi Germany. Or at least, that was the plan.
As the Irish Guards’ tanks rolled across onto the open ground on the other side of the bridge, they suddenly came under fire from concealed German anti-tank guns - before long, about eight or nine Shermans were either disabled or burning wrecks. Worse still, the road was narrow and flanked on both sides by deep ditches - even one stalled tank arrested the momentum of the entire column.
The infantry moved up to silence the guns, with the assistance of the RAF Typhoons, but it was some time before the disabled tanks could be cleared. By the time they reached Valkenswaard, the Guards were well behind schedule, and were not willing to risk a night advance on to Eindhoven.
And so, XXX Corps were stuck, well away from their day one objective. They were supposed to be in Arnhem in three.
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Remember to keep all that in mind, there will be an exam.
So today might have been the longest day in the history of humankind. We were out of the hotel by seven, and by mid-morning we had crossed through the Channel Tunnel aboard Le Shuttle to Calais. At about eleven, we arrived at Dunkirk.
As I explained yesterday, Dunkirk was the place where the BEF and many of its allies were evacuated from in 1940. The museum there is pretty interesting, although it does feel a lot like it’s trying to politely suggest exactly where Great Britain can stick its evacuation. It’s still a bit of a source of bitterness for France. After the museum, we walked over to the beach. It’s a marked contrast to Normandy. Normandy, perhaps unsurprisingly, makes a big deal of its connection to the Second World War. Dunkirk, also unsurprisingly, seems like it would rather forget. Aside from a memorial, there isn’t much there about the evacuation. It’s very much an ordinary public beach.
I couldn’t even find Harry Styles!
After Dunkirk, we got on the road to the Market Garden area, via ring roads around Ghent and Antwerp. Word of advice; you think getting around Antwerp is easy? It isn’t. It’s very un-easy.
We reached Leopoldsburg, where Horrocks briefed his officers on the battleplan, at about five, and examined the Sherman Firefly that sits there as a memorial to the town’s liberation and the briefing. From there, we travelled to Joe’s Bridge, the starting point for XXX Corps’ advance into the Netherlands. Aside from a little more in the way of traffic lights and housing, the route is little changed – you can still see the ditches that caused Vandeleur such grief. Having taken in these sights, we advanced through Valkenswaard to Eindhoven, where we stopped for the night – it was now seven in the evening.
As you can probably tell, I’m completely exhausted, so I’ll leave off there. Tomorrow we continue along the road towards Nijmegen and poke the beehive of one of the most controversial debates about the Second World War…
Time for another rousing game of WHOSE RESPONSIBLE THIS!
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Deepwater horizon oil spill
This was the most recent large oil spill and it is known as the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, it happened in April 2020. It was an explosion on the Deepwater oil rig which is approximately 66km off the coast of Louisiana.
It was owned and operated by BP and a similar incident had occurred on a BP-owned rig in the Caspian Sea in September 2008. This was due to both the cores being too weak to cope with the pressure (as they were composed of a concrete mixture that used nitrogen gas to accelerate curing).
The map below shows the huge impact that the waters had from the oil spill. It is estimated that 4,900,000 barrels of oil had leaked into the gulf and only about 800,000 barrels had been captured.
The oil formed a slick extending over more than 149,000 square km of the Gulf of Mexico. To try to clean the water 1.8 million gallons of dispersants (substances that emulsified the oil) which allowed for easier metabolism by bacteria—were pumped directly into the leak and applied aerially to the slick.
As the oil started coming closer to the shoreline however it had to be manually cleaned up from esturies, beach fronts and marshes. A third of federal fishing waters had to be closed due to contamination and BP was forced to pay $20 million in compensation fees to various people. This had a huge impact on America as tourists stopped visiting the beaches, people couldn’t fish, let alone the impact it had on the sea life in the area.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Deepwater-Horizon-oil-spill
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#FlatRacingGuruUK!. #Newcastle!#Newmarket!.#Chester!#Curragh #Friday-night. #
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The Gurus Home Overlooking the famous Tynmouth Estury/not in Picture. Lord Collingwood above who was Lord Nelson’s Right Hand man and Born right were I Live. His Monument Behind My Home, to the Left the Old Museum Lifeboat watch House.
The front view The Priory Opposite where I Live the Boating Club Launch…
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