#i recently had someone mix up nationality and ethnicity and had to explain that i have american nationality

[kisshim]

me listening to this girl tell me that it’s so strange that someone would ask her if she was german or french because of her physical traits and that’s it’s ‘so weird’ that someone would be thinking about that

[gra-sonas]

I didn’t mean to be “silent”, this just took me much longer to write than I had planned. 

First of all, I’d like to point you in the direction of a very good post @adiwriting​ posted a couple of days ago, that sums things up in a very articulate way, you can find it HERE.

~*~

In short: in his most recent interview with the Pretty Little Wine Moms Podcast, Tyler - who’s playing a character who’s half Native American -  revealed, that he did a DNA test with a company called 23AndMe during the filming of season 1 of Roswell, New Mexico, and he test didn’t detect Native American ancestry, even though his grandmother had told him in 2010, that his paternal grandfather Harold's great grandmother was Cherokee Indian.

Below the cut is a transcript of that part of the interview, my opinion on this whole thing, and I answered a couple of asks I got about it. This is a VERY long post.

I’ve already watched the video of the interview, and it shows, that they edited the interview quite heavily. There are several cuts throughout the episode, and some things that can be heard in the audio version, didn’t make it into the video either. 

TRANSCRIPT [I didn’t transcribe every laugh or random words, but I’ve tried my best to make it as accurate as possible]

LESLEY: Did you audition for any of the other roles on PLL?

TYLER: No, Caleb came in halfway through season one. I remember, it was supposed to be a 4-episode stint, a guest starring role. What’s funny though, I lived right by Warner Brothers [studios], so I would drive […] past Warner Brothers and there was a bill board of Pretty Little Liars before it came out and I was like “I could probably be on a show like that.” So, anyway, I auditioned for Caleb, yeah. I never read for… […] No, I didn’t get the role at first because they were like “we really think he needs to be like really ethnic. We need some ethnic diversity. And I was like—

LESLEY: What are you? You’re like “hello”! Part Native American, i mean.

TYLER: Well, no, I’m actually not. I’m actually not, I found out.

HOLLY: Whaaaat? Yes, you are. We did talk about this.

NIA: I thought you were.

HOLLY: We talked about this on set.

TYLER: Do you know when I found out that I wasn’t is when I got Roswell, my character was also supposed to be Native American, half Native American. And I was like “great”, because the pool was like so small. You know, so this is great, you know. I’m shooting season one of the show and do a 23AndMe [DNA test] and I have literally not even 0.1 % Native American.

HOLLY: That can’t be possible.

NIA: No, no, no, no, let me explain how that works. That’s not right.

HOLLY: Nia has some things to tell you.

NIA: The information - I know these things, every nationality in me—

TYLER: Okay, tell me.

NIA: 23AndMe is pulling from— if you do 23AndMe and then you do… what’s the other one—

LESLEY: AncestryCOM

HOLLY: AncestryCOM

NIA: —they’ll come up different. And the reason they’ll come up different from each other is, they’re pulling from the people they already have in their database. So, if there’s not very many Native American people doing 23AndM—

HOLLY: Which there isn’t.

NIA: —it’s not gonna show up.

TYLER: Oh god.

NIA: Yeah.

[INFO: There’s a clear CUT at this point before the interview continues, they even cut Tyler’s “Oh god” you can hear in the audio from the video. So they must’ve talked about this some more before the official version of the interview continues.]

TYLER: Okay, so this is what happened, going back [to being cast as Caleb]. They said “thank you so much for the read” and I really thought I was gonna get it. Because Gayle Pillsbury [PLL casting director] - I’d never even read for her before - and I went in and auditioned, and her response was literally everything you want in an audition. She like lost her fucking mind and was like “where did you come from?”, you know, that sort of thing. I mean, I’m a TERRIBLE auditioner and I get so unbelievably nervous, so for that to be the response—

LESLEY: Wow.

TYLER: So that response… I was like “oh my gosh”. And you even audition and you’re like “I booked it. I booked it!”, you know what I mean? Even though it’s not up to her, you know, but anyway. Then they told me “thank you so much for the read, it was so good, but we want more ethnic diversity”. They came back to me, I don’t know, three weeks later? And they were like “What is your background?” And I was like “I don’t even know.” I called my dad, he tells me “I don’t even know.” He’s like “Call grandma.”. I call my grandma, she tells me her side and then… My dad’s dad passed away before I was born, I don’t know his side of the family at all. So my grandmother talks about his side of the family and says “You know—“ - it was Harold, Harold was my grandfather’s name - —“Harold’s great grandmother was Cherokee Indian. And I was like “Really?” I was like “This is good!”

WINE MOMS,  LAUGHING: “This is good!”

TYLER: So, then I told casting “I’m Native American.” And so they thought it was enough to cast me as, you know, ‘ethnically ambiguous’ or whatever.

[END TRANSCRIPT]

~*~

I’m not an expert on DNA tests. Nia’s comment that tests from different companies come back with different results bc they pull their data from different gene pools makes sense, but I can’t verify whether that's actually the case. Neither do I know whether her claim that 23AndMe pool lacks Native samples for reference is correct.

If it is, it would mean that 23AndMe DNA tests in general wouldn’t be able to detect Native ancestry in any sample. Maybe a test with a different company would come up with a different result, in any case, it would be a very small percentage, given how many generations are between Tyler and his Native ancestor.

The result of the test is only one piece of the puzzle tho, and not the relevant one.

The question isn’t whether the result indicates that what Tyler’s grandma told him is false. The question is, if one Native ancestor 5 generations back and no tribal affiliation of any kind entitle Tyler to play POC characters. 

The answer is a clear no, and yet he’s been cast as non-white characters (and in one case as an explicitly Native character) twice in his life.

That’s unfortunate at best, and ignorant at worst.

~*~

Tyler auditioned for PLL in 2010 when he was 23, turning 24 that year. Initially he didn’t get the role bc they wanted someone “ethnic”. They called him 3 weeks (!) after the initial rejection and asked about his background, and by talking to his grandma, he found out about this Native ancestor.

2010 was a mere decade ago, but it was also a different time. Discussions about diversity and representation on screen, the question whether it’s okay for male actors to play trans women or if shows should pass the Bechdel test were all topics that weren’t discussed as “aggressively (and I mean that in a very positive way, hammer it home that all these things matter!) as they are discussed today, and structures in the TV and movie industry ignored most of it anyway (still do way too often, lbr).

Looking back, it’s easy to condemn what happened as vigorously as we would condemn it if it happened today, but applying today’s standards to 2010 is still a bit unfair. (I’m not saying that what happened is okay, just that back then the level of awareness for it to be wrong wasn’t the same as it is today).

Sure enough ABC execs were all too happy to accept that minimal partial Native ancestry as “enough” to cast him, probably also because Tyler looked “ethnically ambiguous” to them, whatever that means. (Holly also mentioned that they talked about Tyler’s Native ancestry on the set of PLL, and apparently not a single person pointed out that maybe it was a questionable decision...).

Tyler was trying to get his career started back then, and an opportunity like PLL would be any young actor’s dream. When they told him “you’re ethnic enough, you’ve got the job”, he lacked the tools and the awareness to question their decision, neither did anyone ever question Tyler’s decision to accept the role. It was considered to be “okay” by all sides. Which is a systemic problem.

As far as I know, Caleb’s supposed “ethnically diverse” background was never explored on PLL, so they were just happy he looked “ethnic" but never gave a fuck about actual representation. Welcome to the club of most TV shows ever made. Even in 2020, too many shows and movies still try to pull that shit. The difference is, that nowadays they are called out, and people speak up. 

~*~

Fast forward to 2017 when Tyler got the script for Roswell. 7 years of him believing that this partial Native ancestry made him part Native, not half like Alex Manes, but it probably felt like it was “enough” - it had been enough for PLL after all.

He got cast because he’s a great actor, but also because he supposedly had the required ethnic background. This is also on the studio tbh. I assume he was asked about his background and he must’ve told them the same story (since he didn’t have a DNA test he could’ve shown them), and for The CW “one Cherokee Indian ancestor 5 generations back” was also “Native enough”...

~*~

It’s quite a bit of a mess tbh. Fans have been hit rather hard by this revelation, some are angry, some are disappointed, some feel uncomfortable, some probably don’t know whether how they feel is how they should feel after applying all our new-found 2020 ~wisdom and awareness to the situation.

Opinions on the matter differ. Vastly in some cases. Some people feel betrayed, some have “cancelled” Tyler, for others it’s not ideal but also not that big of a deal. It’s a mixed bag, really. 

As for me: 2010 Tyler gets a pass from me. It was a “different time” with different industry rules in place, and ABC’s higher ups, who should’ve known and done better, didn’t. Neither did anyone in casting, nor his management, colleagues, or anyone in his personal life. And he clearly lacked the experience and awareness to question the decision, or himself for accepting it because it never was questioned! Not even in the years following.

2017 Tyler only gets a partial pass. 2017 wasn’t 2020 and too many things were still not all that different from 2010. He’d been on a show for 7 years where this partial Native ancestry was “enough”. Hence he probably felt like auditioning for the role of Alex was okay, and everyone involved in the casting process thought so, too. 

He never pretended to be Native American to get the role, he never pulled a Scarlett Johansson. However... he probably should’ve questioned a bit harder whether a Native ancestor 5 generations back makes him “Native enough” to play a (half) Native character, or any kind of POC character for that matter.

So yeah, definitely putting some blame on him for the lack of awareness, but I’m also side-eying The CW and whoever was involved in the decision making. 

~*~

What I hope for and expect fromTyler now and in the future is, that he won’t ever allow to be cast as any kind of “ethnic” character ever again.

He’s worked hard and has very much earned the career he’s made. He’s an amazing actor, but the circumstances that gave him the opportunity to have that career are based on racist structures in the TV and movie industry, and he directly profited from a system, that cast him - for all we know a white man - as a man of color. Twice.

Imo Tyler’s well aware of these things now. 2020 in particular should’ve been a pretty good eye-opener. It’s good that he has someone like Jeanine to look up to and learn from (not her job to teach him or take him by the hand or anything, but I think she’s a great example of someone who’s already made a name of herself, and uses her influence to help others, and the way she talks about diversity and elevating marginalized voices is very powerful), and I hope that in the future he’ll use is voice and “weight” as an established actor, to elevate minority voices and push for their stories to be included.

Answered your question in part above already.

It’s important to note that there’s a difference between criticizing someone’s actions, and openly hating and/or dissing them. This is a messy situation, and while Tyler can’t change the past, he has to do better in the future. Saying that doesn’t make me (or anyone else) a hater. Tyler’s amazing, but he’s also not perfect. And he doesn’t have to be. No one’s perfect.

When I look back at my life, dear god, I grew up in a very liberal family, we travelled places, I had access to all the books and education, and still. At 23? I was somewhat anti-feminist and a slightly conservative leaning liberal. Not a bad person per se, but also quite ignorant (compared to today’s standards anyway). Thankfully that’s changed over the years. And it keeps changing. Because getting complacent and thinking “I know it all” is BS. I’m working on myself every day, and I’m still prone to fuck up occasionally bc the system is rigged in my favor, and I might not even be aware of it in that moment. 

I’m not cross with Tyler, because I can’t say for certain I hadn’t done the same if the circumstances had been similar. I’m actually quite sure I had done the same, bc society and the industry made it okay. AND NO ONE EVER QUESTIONED IT! He never claimed more for himself than a Native ancestor 5 generations back, and society at large and the TV/movie industry in particular said “that’s fine, you have that ancestry, you can go for diverse roles”. So in part, he fell victim to a system that pretended it was okay.

With MeToo and the Black Lives Matter movement, that “it’s okay” mentality is finally questioned and challenged, and more and more people speak up whenever someone tries to pull this shit. But it still keeps happening and there’s a lot more work to do. 

No one can claim ignorance anymore, though. And he has to do better in the future.

I feel you, nonnie. It’s a messy situation. Imo it’s most unfortunate that this information came out the way it did. In a heavily edited podcast episode with inexperienced (and dare I say “industry-biased”) moderators. We don’t know what else he said or for how long they talked about this.

The podcast hosts were clearly not the most qualified to handle that kind of revelation. There were no follow-up questions, there was no criticism, and the way the interview was edited, the whole thing was treated as a non-issue and “fun” anecdote. Which doesn’t do Tyler any favors tbh. 

But imo it’s also unfair to condemn him solely on what they decided to release. We don’t know what else he said, whether he expressed remorse or whatnot. I don’t know whether his publicist okayed the interview prior to its release. If they did, he should get a new publicist... 

(I’m not implying he should’ve kept it a “secret”, but as a publicist I would’ve made sure this revelation had been handled differently, and Tyler hadn’t been made to look like he was just laughing it off).

I don’t know Tyler personally, but going by everything I’ve seen from him and know about him, I’m certain he won’t take on another POC role. And even if another DNA test should come up with a different result one day, and a certain percentage of Native ancestry would be found, I’d expect him to handle things differently. And imo that’s something he expects from himself, too. He’s a good man. <3

I don’t think he should, but I’m white, so my opinion on this isn’t really relevant. If Native groups would call for him to step down (which I don’t think they would), I’d support it because THEIR opinion on this actually matters.

One option could be that they do a storyline where it’s revealed that the woman Alex believes to be his mother isn’t his biological mom and it turns out he’s not Native - but that’s probably a far stretch, idk.

If he’d give up the role (which he clearly isn’t doing, considering he’s found out during S1 and is about to begin filming S3), I doubt The CW would recast the role with a native actor btw. Alex’d just be written off the show.

What I hope for is, that he’ll join Jeanine in her efforts to push for more Native and Latinx representation and stories on the show (Jeanine talked about that in her recent IG live with congressman Castro, @lambourngb​ made a post about it), and you can watch the entire IG live here.

Fandom’s a large group of many individual people. There are several people who have addressed this and talk about it. And while not every single person in fandom’s talking about it, it’s not swept under the rug either.

And how does this whole thing make Malex fans (another large group of many individual people) look toxic? Malex fans are not a hive mind. I have seen several Malex fans talk about this, and talk about it critically.

I’m sorry that you’re disappointed, nonnie, I’m just not sure what you expected?

[yvnglvke]

new york’s very own luke jeong was spotted on broadway street in nmd r1s. your resemblance to jackson wang is unreal. according to tmz, you just had your twenty-first birthday bash. while living in new york, you’ve been labeled as being egotistic , but also independent. i guess being a leo explains that. three things that would paint a better picture of you would be the scent of new shoes, sweat dripped down your forehead, fingers adorned with rings. & ( cis male & he / him ) + sam, 21, she/her

hiiii everyone !! my name is sam and i’m very excited to join you all !! this is my trash son luke and he’s my baby. if you would like to plot or chat or anything hmu on discord @panquekes#1948 !!

basic info

NAME: luke haneul jeong NICKNAME: L AGE: 21 ETHNICITY: mixed korean and chinese  NATIONALITY: american HOMETOWN: new york, new york SEXUALITY: bicurious STAR SIGN: leo OCCUPATION: influencer/souncloud rapper ( so, basically, unemployed )

infodump

so luke’s parents are the well known, bestselling author haneul jeong and a doctor named lily wu

luke certainly inherited the creative gene, but in a more artistic sense –– he enjoys making music, as well as designing stickers and spray painting. he’s only gotten in trouble for vandalism once, and he only had to pay a fine, which he’s clearly rich enough to do

on social media he’s known as ‘pulitzer prize winner haneul jeong’s cool, hot son’, which he has to admit he really likes

because of his dad’s massive following, luke has amassed one of his own, having about 2m followers on instagram (which is nothing compared to his father’s 13m on twitter)

when it comes to following in his father’s footsteps, he has absolutely zero interest.

luke never got into writing, and although he’s sure he could write a book and publish it and make tons of money off his dad’s name, he doesn’t want to do that

he would rather profit off of his own abilities, like his soundcloud rapping career or his art

for high school, he went to a prestigious boarding school in new england and hated every second of it

that boarding school left a bad taste in his mouth, and he had no interest in going to university, so instead his parents set him up in an apartment in the city while they hope he reconsiders

he would never admit it, but he is considering going to university. he thinks maybe it’ll be different if he goes somewhere in the city. 

but for now he’s focusing on his soundcloud rapping career, which is going moderately well

he raps under the pseudonym yung luke, and has opened for a few minor-to-medium level names

his music is nothing special, as in pretty generic, but he’s getting better! 

personality wise, he’s a bit arrogant and egotistic, and kinda a fuckboy,. but he’s young and free! he’s also independent, creative, and can be kinda sweet at the right times.

he’s into being the center of attention, whether he’s performing onstage or has everyone staring at his lavish outfit on the streets he’s THRIVING in it

and i’ll probably add more later !!

wanted connections

music producer / backup vocals –– he produces his own music and does his own vocals most of the time, but he would love a collab !!

vandalism buddy –– this is pretty self-explanatory. he needs someone to hold each other up to get to those hard to reach places lol

FWB –– self - explanatory. he’s not an innocent boy. could be male or female, but he’d need some convincing if male lol

best friend –– everyone needs one!

ex girlfriend –– i want at least one angsty relationship. i imagine he did her dirty, like cheating on her or dumped her for a hookup or something when they were younger (or recently! up to you!)

past hookup –– self explanatory 

drug dealer –– self explanatory. ya boi needs his supplier.

alright if u read thru all this ur a trooper and ilu, thank u !!

[theliberaltony]

via Politics – FiveThirtyEight

Welcome to Pollapalooza, our weekly polling roundup.

Poll of the week

Earlier this week, I looked at national surveys to see what’s behind Sen. Elizabeth Warren’s rise in the polls, but now let’s zoom in on the early primary states — Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada and South Carolina — to see what’s happening there.

This week we have a new Fox News poll of South Carolina that shows former Vice President Joe Biden still retains a formidable lead there at 41 percent (Warren was in second at 12 percent) despite Warren’s gains at the national level. In Iowa and New Hampshire, recent surveys more closely mirror the overall national picture — Warren has gained while Biden and Sen. Bernie Sanders have slipped. But there’s also evidence that someone like South Bend, Indiana, Mayor Pete Buttigieg may be underestimated in national polls.

To see what’s happened in the early states since August, I averaged all state-level polls taken between the second debate (July 30-31) and the third debate (Sept. 12) and compared that to an average of all state polls fielded since the third debate for the five candidates currently sitting at the top of the polls: Biden, Warren, Sanders, Buttigieg and Sen. Kamala Harris.

And in some states, there weren’t a ton of polls during these two time periods, but we did have at least two polls for each state before and after the third debate.

First up, in Iowa, you can see a real change in the nature of the race — Biden previously led by about 3 percentage points, but now Warren has moved ahead. Sanders also slipped about 5 points, so instead of rivaling Warren for second place as he did before the third debate, he’s now in a race for third. He’s about on par with Buttigieg, who now has double-digit support in the state, although the mayor enjoyed a pretty strong standing there before the debate, too. Harris slipped in Iowa, dropping 3 points, which is similar to her performance in the three other early states.

Warren has edged ahead of Biden in Iowa

Average of Iowa polls for the five leading Democratic presidential candidates, before and after the third debate

Poll Average Candidate Before Third Debate After Third Debate Change Elizabeth Warren 21.3 23.0 +1.7 Joe Biden 24.7 20.3 -4.3 Bernie Sanders 17.3 12.0 -5.3 Pete Buttigieg 9.3 11.3 +2.0 Kamala Harris 8.3 5.3 -3.0

Our “before third debate” average includes three polls taken from Aug. 1 to Sept. 11; the “after third debate” average also includes three polls. We excluded head-to-head and open-ended polling questions.

Source: Polls

Next up, in New Hampshire, the story is pretty similar to what we saw in Iowa: Warren’s numbers improved, giving her a narrow lead. In fact, she’s gone up nearly 10 points, far more than in Iowa. However, unlike in Iowa, Biden’s numbers have gone up, too. They didn’t rise as dramatically as Warren’s, but the jump has helped him stay close to Warren in the nation’s first primary state. Meanwhile, Sanders’s slide in New Hampshire has been particularly large, going from a near-tie for first with Biden to 15 points behind Warren. And as in Iowa, Buttigieg is now closer to Sanders than Sanders is to Warren or Biden, while Harris has fallen to the low single digits.

Warren surged in New Hampshire, but Biden gained too

Average of New Hampshire polls for the five leading Democratic presidential candidates, before and after the third debate

Poll Average Candidate Before Third Debate After Third Debate Change Elizabeth Warren 17.6 27.0 +9.5 Joe Biden 21.6 24.3 +2.7 Bernie Sanders 20.9 12.0 -8.9 Pete Buttigieg 7.0 9.7 +2.7 Kamala Harris 6.9 4.0 -2.9

Our “before third debate” average includes six polls taken from Aug. 1 to Sept. 11; the “after third debate” average includes three polls. We excluded head-to-head and open-ended polling questions.

Source: Polls

To some extent, Warren’s uptick in Iowa and New Hampshire isn’t that surprising given her strength with white college-educated voters and, as I wrote on Monday, her increasing support from whites without a college degree. After all, 85 to 90 percent of Iowans and New Hampshirites are white. A lot of this can explain why Buttigieg is doing so well there, too, as he also mainly attracts support from white voters, particularly college-educated ones. That said, his performance in these two early states still stands out in comparison to his mid-single-digit standing in the national polls. And this could be a promising sign for Buttigieg given the influence these two states can have on the presidential primary process — once voting begins, he could be positioned for a strong start that could take his campaign to the next level, especially in light of his prodigious fundraising.

But in our next two early-voting states — Nevada and South Carolina — the picture gets a little fuzzier because we don’t have as many polls. Biden continues to lead the pack in both states (although in Nevada, the race looks more like a three-way tie), but there just hasn’t been as much consistent polling in either state. And that’s a problem, because even though both states come later in the calendar, they are much more racially and ethnically diverse than either Iowa or New Hampshire. So these states could offer important insight as to how other more-diverse states may be leaning, as New Hampshire and Iowa look less and less like the Democratic Party.

For Nevada, we had three surveys prior to the third debate and two after, and they showed a tight three-way race among Biden, Warren and Sanders that got even closer after the third debate. Both Biden and Sanders lost some support, but Warren didn’t emerge as the beneficiary.

It’s a three-way race in Nevada

Average of Nevada polls for the five leading Democratic presidential candidates, before and after the third debate

Poll Average Candidate Before Third Debate After Third Debate Change Joe Biden 26.0 22.6 -3.4 Elizabeth Warren 18.7 18.7 0.0 Bernie Sanders 20.3 18.1 -2.2 Kamala Harris 8.3 4.4 -3.9 Pete Buttigieg 5.3 3.7 -1.6

Our “before third debate” average includes three polls taken from Aug. 1 to Sept. 11; the “after third debate” average includes two polls. We excluded head-to-head and open-ended polling questions.

Source: Polls

And in South Carolina, where we had two polls before the third debate and four polls after, it seems as if no one has been able to make a serious dent into Biden’s support, although he did see a slight dip in his numbers. Biden’s continued strength among black voters in the state has made South Carolina a crucial firewall for his campaign, especially if things go poorly for him in the earlier contests. Sanders’s decline in South Carolina has also helped make Warren a clear second-place contender (even though she, like Biden, saw a slight dip in her numbers after the third debate).

Biden continues to dominate in South Carolina

Average of South Carolina polls for the five leading Democratic presidential candidates, before and after the third debate

Poll Average Candidate Before Third Debate After Third Debate Change Joe Biden 39.5 37.8 -1.8 Elizabeth Warren 15.5 14.8 -0.8 Bernie Sanders 17.0 9.0 -8.0 Kamala Harris 9.5 4.5 -5.0 Pete Buttigieg 4.5 3.3 -1.3

Our “before third debate” average includes two polls taken from Aug. 1 to Sept. 11; the “after third debate” average includes four polls. We excluded head-to-head and open-ended polling questions.

Source: Polls

As always, though, things could shift in the coming weeks. After all, we’ve got the fourth debate coming up on Oct. 15, which could help Sanders or Harris recover to some extent, though we don’t know yet what the polling fallout may be from Sanders’s recent heart attack. But for the moment, what we do know is that the early-state polls in New Hampshire and Iowa look favorable for Warren, while Biden still holds the lead in South Carolina and Nevada. We shouldn’t sleep on Buttigieg, either — although both he and Warren have a lot of work to do to win over more voters of color.

Other polling bites

It’s still too soon to know whether Sanders’s heart attack has affected his standing in the polls, but a YouGov poll found that 69 percent of Americans think his health is “a legitimate issue.” Additionally, views were mixed about whether his campaign had been transparent about the event, with 33 percent saying it was transparent and 27 percent saying it wasn’t, while a plurality (39 percent) weren’t sure one way or the other.

The share of Americans who identify as either a Republican or a Democrat remained relatively stable during the third quarter of 2019, according to a new Gallup report, with Democrats maintaining a slight edge. Forty-seven percent of adult Americans identified as a Democrat or a Democratic-leaning independent, whereas 42 percent identified as a Republican or a Republican-leaning independent.

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders make up about 6 percent of all Americans, and AAPI Data and the Public Religion Research Institute have released a new survey of AAPI voters in California, which is both the country’s most populous state and home to the largest number of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. The survey found that 56 percent of respondents had an unfavorable view of President Trump, while 33 percent had a favorable view of him. And among the leading Democratic presidential contenders, Biden, Sanders and Harris (who is from California) had the highest favorability ratings.

New polling from Ipsos and C-SPAN found that Americans are skeptical the 2020 election will be “open and fair.” Just 53 percent said they had a “great deal” or “fair amount” of confidence that the presidential election will be “open and fair,” while 46 percent said they did not have much confidence or “no confidence at all.” There were notable differences between Republicans and Democrats, however, with 72 percent of Republicans expressing some degree of confidence contrasted with just 39 percent of Democrats.

Of the four states holding state legislative elections in 2019, Virginia is the only one where there’s a real chance that party control of a chamber could flip. (Republicans have solid majorities in Louisiana and Mississippi while Democrats have overwhelming majorities in New Jersey.) And two new generic ballot polls suggest that Democrats are currently favored to capture both chambers in the Virginia General Assembly, which the GOP currently controls. A late-September survey from the Washington Post and the Schar School at George Mason University found Democrats 7 points ahead of Republicans among registered voters and up 52 percent to 41 percent among registered voters who said they were “certain to vote.” A September poll from the Wason Center at Christopher Newport University was even more bullish for Democrats, finding them ahead of the GOP by 13 points among likely voters, 49 percent to 36 percent.

Canada will vote for a new parliament on Oct. 21, and the race is unusually tight. CBC News’s poll tracker shows the Liberals (the governing party) and the Conservatives (the main opposition) running neck-and-neck at 33 percent nationally.

Trump approval

According to FiveThirtyEight’s presidential approval tracker, 42.0 percent of Americans approve of the job Trump is doing as president, while 53.7 percent disapprove (a net approval rating of -11.7 points). At this time last week, 41.2 percent approved and 53.9 percent disapproved (for a net approval rating of -12.7 points). One month ago, Trump had an approval rating of 41.0 percent and a disapproval rating of 54.1 percent, for a net approval rating of -13.1 points.

Generic ballot

In our average of polls of the generic congressional ballot, Democrats currently lead by 6.1 percentage points (46.2 percent to 40.1 percent). At this time last week, Democrats led by 6.9 percentage points (46.9 percent to 40.0 percent). At this time last month, voters preferred Democrats by 6.5 points (46.3 percent to 39.8 percent).

[eulerami]

same anon as before-tbh navigating ur racial identity as a mixed person (or at all) is weird.i just say im mexican/latina without really specifying even tho thats not a race lol. my grandfather who is half native/half mestizo does too and so does most of my mestizo family. it can be hard to define ur race as a brown mexican+ik a lot of mestizo ppl wouldnt consider themselves mixed at all bc it happened so far back or bc their parents were both mexican and 1 just had more recent native ancestry

Ahhh, I gotcha! Thank you for taking the time to help me out and explain.

I have noticed in my reading that many people feel as you do and say the same thing. It’s in itself an odd thing to have to quantify—label, since it is a largely US pressure to be able to label oneself down to phenotypical race and not nationality/cultural origin, which is why I think he’d just say he’s Mexican. Or Latino, like you said. The proximity to blackness/brownness is all that matters in the US, but that’s a topic for a later date.

Considering how an American (and a detective, so, details—) would profile him, racially, relatively intelligently, was stumping me a bit. He’d have no way of knowing his ethnicity—he guessed that based on his tattoo designs, (he paid attention in art history, at least,) and the fact there is a large Mexican community in Stilwater, and made an assumption.

First thing he noticed is how he looks, thinks “looks kinda Native, but...More south, not up here.” I know that’s bumbling, and generalizing, but, he’s taking down raw details in his mind.

I just wanted to know how folk feel about it. From what I’ve read of people living in Mexico, on forums and whatnot, the need to express this isn’t as, if at all, necessary. However, folk living in the US say different things because of the requirement to specify. “Hispanic” appears to not be favored because of it meaning literally any Spanish territory, and really only used to denote Spanish-speaking origin to a non-Spanish speaking/originating person. (Correct me if I’m wrong, this is just what I’ve come across in forums.)

I suppose if asked he can go into detail, talk about his family and what he remembers. (He doesn’t speak Nahuatl, for example, but his relatives did, and he’d share that maybe. That’s clues to the reader, even an American that might not be versed in this.)

But in a social context there doesn’t appear to be the same pressure to classify/quantify outside of the US. In that case Troy saying he is Mestizo for purely descriptive purposes, (and to get it across to the readers) is accurate then, and I’ll leave it at that.

Thank you again for explaining it to me, I’ve done some research already but it’s nice to talk to someone directly. I’m kinda rambling here. Also again, please forgive my dumbass if I’m saying stupid shit. This stuff is beyond engaging to me and I love anthropology and learning this sort of stuff.

[coucoumelle]

In an effort to be empathetic recently, (literature on the subject describes good listeners as empathetic, and one way to be empathetic is to affirm someone’s emotions), I told a friend of mine who has been dealing with a lot of physically and emotionally draining and difficult things in the last… over five years, that I was sorry that walking into (a certain place) brought her tremendous anxiety and that I didn’t know what to say to that.

This particular friend has had encounters with racism, to add on to everything else she had to deal with in her personal and family life.

It would seem that empathy no longer cuts it these days, as my effort backfired.  I was lambasted by a friend of hers, no one I know, a complete stranger, who chastised me with this:

“You could start by apologizing for not realizing how your privilege can further wound the people around you that don’t have it. When you can’t look outside your own experience to be able to understand why so many people are overcome with profound anxiety at the idea of walking into (said place) in America that today is indeed a hidey-hole for all manner of white supremacists, it’s a problem.”

I would just like to point out right now, that this person has NO IDEA what my experience has been; absolutely no clue. But she probably took a look at my profile picture, and assumed, from the paleness of my face, that I was a white person who’d lived in white privilege in a white community all my lovely white life.

Let me tell you about my white privilege.  I didn’t grow up in a white community. I grew up in a Cree community where I was almost always the only non-Cree child in my class. I was very privileged to be called “white-man” every day for years, the worst insult anyone could throw at you, on the same level as a swear word.  I can still hear the contempt in the other kids’ voices as they spat out that word. I was a CHILD. I did not know what my people; my government had done to their people. I didn’t understand the reasons behind the hate. More importantly, I myself had done absolutely nothing to them.  It wasn’t MY fault.

What I DID understand is that when I was in grade four, my father had to come to meet me every single day, twice a day, at noon and after school. If he didn’t, other children would be waiting at the doors for me, ready to beat me up, because I was white.  I understood that my mother was at her wit’s end, trying to keep me in mitts and a hat because other children consistently stole them away from me.  I understood that people put worms and burdocks in my hair, because I was white. I understood that no boy would ever want to go out with me because I was undesirable.  I was a loser.  My classmates found out that my first name is Mary, and they laughed.  Mary Jeanne Chabot… no one would ever want to marry Jeanne Chabot.

I understood that I could never be proud of any of my achievements, because that brought on the next worse accusation: “Ever proud that one.” I learned to never be proud of myself, to never cry for anything, to never show happiness.

I was an outsider.  My very presence was a burden on my classmates.  They were obligated to tolerate my existence at school, on sports teams and on class outings. For years, I tried to figure out what was wrong with me. If I reread my diary from my teen years, entry after entry sounds like a constant self-critique. “Did I laugh too much today?  Maybe I should just not make jokes anymore.  People don’t like my jokes.  I shouldn’t have said this, I shouldn’t have laughed at that.  I was too happy, or too talkative or too something. I am too gross.” Many of my peers made fun of my hair, or my clothes. It took a long time for me to realize that THIS WAS NOT NORMAL and that most people (elsewhere at least) did NOT automatically hate me on sight or think that I was a homely, repulsive excuse for a human being.

THIS was my white privilege.  A word to the wise please, DON’T assume you know what anyone else’s experience is, especially not a stranger’s, because you don’t. That’s just not something you can tell about someone by the colour of their skin or their profile picture.  In fact, that could be considered (*gasp*) racist.

As an adult, I found out that I was not the only one who dealt with this kind of bullying. Any child who was paler-faced or who had mixed parents also had similar experiences, although to a  lesser degree. These others, after all, even those of mixed race, could all claim to belong there, could all claim their Cree heritage, whereas I could not. They had their extended family; aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents, in the community, a kind of support circle, while I did not.

I have since heard the stories of some of my peers who grew up with parents and grandparents who had either gone through residential school, or were the children of those who had gone through residential school. Stories of parents unable to show affection to their children because they didn’t know how.  Stories of parents saying the cruelest things to their children because of the pain they kept bottled up inside.  Stories of broken families and multiple half-siblings from different step parents because people had never learned from their parents how to have a relationship and stay together. Stories of substance abuse brought on by depression and a feeling of worthlessness. Stories, many, many stories of suicide.

When a WHOLE population grows up in institutions, no one has their parents’ example to go back on.  You don’t get individual attention or affection or care from adults in an institution when there are a hundred more children with the same needs. Children need their parents.  What happened to First Nations people is exactly what would happen to ANY society if you put all the children into State run orphanages or boarding schools instead of letting their parents parent them.  Try to imagine the social dysfunction that would cause.  This is what, ironically, most conservative Christians are against.  This is why so many choose to home-school.  We should be the FIRST to recognize what a huge mistake residential schools were. We should own that, and recognize that social dysfunction is passed on from one generation to the next. It is NOT just something that happened years ago, it is STILL happening.  We need to recognize that and support them in their efforts to take back their culture and their lives, to deal with their hurts and become strong people, capable of mature relationships, communication, showing affection, and building each other up instead of tearing each other down.

When I moved away from my community, I had to relearn social norms.  I grew up in a place where you don’t offer money for a favour because it is understood that what comes around goes around.  I moved to a place where my new friends would constantly be upset with me because I didn’t offer to pay for their gas, or for some other thing. It didn’t occur to me because I, in turn, did things for free for them. I learned the hard way that you have to at least OFFER or people will think you are profiting off them. Had I been from an obvious ethnic minority, my friends might have been more understanding, might have explained things to me. But I was WHITE. I was supposed to know these things.

Even now, I have to consciously make myself do things a certain way in certain circumstances, because it doesn’t come naturally to me. Although I know this is how it is done here, it is alien to where I grew up. Job interviews are bad, because I dislike trying to sell myself.  I grew up learning never to be proud of myself remember? This also makes it hard for me to insist on getting something I am due, (at work or elsewhere) if someone doesn't feel like giving it to me. Bargaining is another thing I have a hard time with. (I usually leave that to my husband - yes a boy finally DID want to marry me, imagine that!) Where I grew up, you don’t try to pay people less for what they are selling. It makes you seem cheap.

“You could start by apologizing (for your white privilege).” so I am told.  I am sorry, but I already spent half my life trying to avoid aggravating other people simply by the paleness of my face. If there is ONE THING I REFUSE TO APOLOGIZE FOR, it is for being white. I’m pretty sure I know what racism is.  As ironic as it may seem, not only have I seen it first hand, I have experienced it first hand. If you think my white privilege is so great, you’re welcome to it.

What is more, dear friend-of-a-friend who presumes to know my experience despite being a complete stranger, I COULD HAVE BEEN CREE for all you know.  Yes, you looked at my profile picture, and you assumed I was white, and white-privileged, and while you were assuming that I, in my narrow-minded white experience and white privilege couldn’t understand the anxiety of being a victim of racism, it NEVER OCCURRED to YOU to look past YOUR own experience. Not all pale-faced people are “white”.  

You see, I grew up with children who had one Cree parent and one white parent.  Some of those children weren’t any darker than I was, but they were STILL Cree. Some of them grew up to have children blonder than the blondest of my own children.  They are STILL Cree and being brought up as such.  Had that been my case, for you to tell me that I needed to look past my experience and white privilege would have been quite hurtful.

Actually, to be honest, it WAS rather hurtful to me. I go back to visit my community and even now, years later, I STILL doubt the sincerity of people there, through no fault of their own.  I remain not quite convinced that they really want to spend time with me, and are not just being nice. I have no rational reason to doubt. But I do. I still cannot quite believe that you can genuinely like a “white-man”. It’s unnatural. I just do not belong. Thanks for bringing all that up again. Sorry, still not sorry for being white.

[thebookrat]

I don't think it's any secret that I can't get enough JAFF lately (that's Jane Austen fanfiction, fyi); far from confining my Jane Austeny bits to Austen in August, as I usually would, I've reviewed or featured four Austenesque books since then, and have read at least half a dozen more (including two this week!). Even my December pick from Book of the Month YA is Austenesque! I can't seem to get enough. And neither, it seems, can a lot of you. To that end, today I'm featuring a new release from Austenesque author Elaine Jeremiah, who has stopped by to tell us a bit about growing up in Jane-country, as well as sharing an excerpt of her latest book, and a chance to win the whole series so far! Check it out below, make sure to leave Elaine some love in the comments, and don't forget to enter to win!

Thank you to Misty for featuring me on your blog today. I just wanted to share some thoughts about Hampshire, where I grew up. I do feel very privileged to have grown up in the same county as Jane Austen, although of course Hampshire today is very different from the Hampshire that she grew up in. There are many more people living there for one thing – it’s quite a crowded, busy area of Southern England and yet some of the places that Jane knew haven’t changed a great deal. But despite the busyness of modern-day Hampshire, there’s still a lot of countryside around to enjoy and I did love going for country walks with my family and our dog when I was growing up. The New Forest, a national park, is not far from where I grew up and is one of the places where we’d go walking as a family. It’s very old and was established in medieval times. Then there’s Winchester, where Jane Austen died. It’s still a beautiful city even today and the huge, ancient cathedral is stunning. I went to university there and it’s quite an intimate place – it’s not a very big city and there’s so much character to it. There are some lovely old buildings apart from the cathedral, some Regency and some medieval, including the Great Hall which is all that is left of Winchester Castle. I would visit it now and then with my family and funnily enough I once saw an exhibition of costumes from Jane Austen adaptations there. Of course, I can’t talk about Hampshire without mentioning Chawton, which is of course where Jane Austen’s house is and where she wrote several of her fabulous novels. Chawton is actually less busy now than it was in Jane’s time because the main road to Winchester passed right through the middle of it in her time, just outside her house. It’s now a lot quieter and it’s such a lovely place. Jane Austen’s house is gorgeous and if you ever get the chance to visit, you should. It’s well worth it. I’ve also visited Chawton House, which belonged to her brother Edward Austen Knight and is now a library of early women’s writing. That is magnificent too and a stone’s throw from Jane’s house. So those are just a few thoughts about Hampshire. Although it is very urbanised in many areas now, there are still plenty of places of outstanding natural beauty and many historic towns, cities and villages. If you’re an Austen fan, it’s a great holiday destination idea!

******** EXCERPT ********

By Time Divided

I stopped walking and reached for Mia’s hand. ‘There’s nothing wrong with you, Mia. You look lovely as always. But I should warn you that the people we’re about to meet…’

‘Are a bunch of racists?’ I winced. ‘By our standards, yes. But they’re also from a different time, a different society. It’s 1815 here, the slave trade has been abolished, but in Regency England the vast majority of people are white, they’re not used to being around people of different ethnicities so…’ ‘I should expect them to treat me like dirt?’ ‘I’m not sure they all will,’ I told her. I couldn’t imagine Isabella treating anyone like dirt. ‘Just don’t be surprised if some of them make comments to you or about you that are offensive. We’re not in the twenty-first century any more.’ ‘You can say that again,’ Mia replied, wrinkling her nose as she gazed up at the leaden sky, seemingly oblivious to the fat drops of rain falling onto her face. She turned back to me. ‘So if they’re rude to me, I’m supposed to stand there and take it, am I?’ I sighed, giving her a rueful look. ‘No, I don’t expect you to do that, just… don’t be rude back. Find a witty retort to make. I’m sure you’ll think of something. You usually do in similar situations.’ ‘Similar situations? Cass, what planet are you on? There’s nothing similar to this situation in… in the whole of the universe.’ She threw her arms out wide to reiterate her point. It was then, as I took a quick glance over my shoulder, that I caught a glimpse of someone standing at one of the windows of the house which overlooked the lawn. We’d been spotted. ‘Come on, Mia, I think someone’s seen us.’ ‘What do you mean, someone’s seen us?’ Mia replied. ‘What are they gonna do to us?’ There was no mistaking the panic in her voice. ‘Don’t worry, they’re not going to throw us in a dungeon,’ I told her as we trudged across the lawn. ‘They know me… well sort of and I as I told you, I became friends with those girls. They’re actually quite nice…’ I realised that Mia had stopped walking. I turned to her, seeing that the usual glow of her skin was gone and her face looked unnaturally pale. ‘But I’m not you, Cass. I don’t know anything about Jane Austen and I’m… well I’m clearly not white.’ My brow furrowed as I laid a hand on her arm. ‘I understand your fears. Just let me do the talking for the moment.’ I squeezed her arm. ‘You haven’t done anything wrong, they’re not going to accuse you of anything, or do anything to harm you.’ They might accuse me of a few things though, I thought grimly. Mia still looked anxious. ‘All right, I’ll just follow your lead, but I don’t think I’m gonna be any good at this Regency thing.’ ‘Well hopefully we won’t be here that long,’ I replied. ‘For now, though, we need to get out of this awful rain.’ Mia nodded and we continued on, soon reaching the steps which led to the great house. The door to the breakfast room was thrown open as we approached. But it wasn’t my friends standing there. It was a middle-aged woman who I’d never seen before.

****GIVEAWAY**** Elaine has generously offered up an ebook prize pack of her Love Without Time series, 'Love Without Time' and 'By Time Divided' to one lucky winner! This giveaway is open INTERNATIONALLY! Giveaway ends Fri December 27th at 11:59pm EST. To enter, fill out the Rafflecopter below. No "giveaway" or spam social media accounts. Please do not leave any sensitive info (mailing or email addresses, etc.) in the comments section! a Rafflecopter giveaway ABOUT THE LATEST BOOK:

Having accidentally time travelled to Regency England, Jane Austen fan Cassie Taylor finds herself unexpectedly back in the twenty-first century. But everything has changed. She’s been missing for three weeks and her parents are upset and disbelieving when she tells them where she’s been. The police aren’t too pleased either. Cassie’s best friend Mia doubts the story, yet stands by her friend. And then the unthinkable happens when both of them end up in Regency England. Now Cassie has an even bigger problem: Mia is mixed race and they’re stuck in an era where the slave trade has only just been abolished. Cassie must somehow explain herself to her Regency friends – why she vanished and who her friend is. She also needs to find Ted, the love of her life. How will Cassie manage to protect Mia from the insults of Regency people who see her as worthless? And how will she ever find a way for her and Ted and Mia to finally return home?

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

Elaine lives in Bristol, South West England with her husband and their golden retriever, Dug. But she was privileged enough to grow up in Jane Austen country, in Hampshire. Writing has always been a passion of hers, but it’s only been in recent years that she’s been able to devote more time to it. She decided to self-publish with the help of her wonderful husband who’s very tech-savvy! In 2013 she self-published her first novel, but it was only with her fourth, her novel ‘Love Without Time’, that she felt she finally found her niche: Jane Austen Fan Fiction! She’s always loved Jane Austen’s writing and the Regency era, so this felt like a natural thing for her to do. ‘Love Without Time’ is the first in a trilogy best described as a Jane Austen-inspired time travel romance. ‘By Time Divided’ is the second book in the trilogy. If you want to connect with Elaine online, her Facebook page can be found here: https://www.facebook.com/elainejeremiahauthor/ Her Twitter handle is: @ElaineJeremiah Her website is here: https://elainejeremiah.co.uk/ ‘Love Without Time’ is available from Amazon.com here: http://amzn.to/2DxRPHO It’s also available from Amazon UK here: http://amzn.to/2Dywq0y ‘By Time Divided’ is on Amazon.com here: https://amzn.to/2YEKzzH It’s on Amazon UK here: https://amzn.to/2KokZtv

via The Book Rat

[yesweweresoldiers]

Adding the Lens of Literature to the Testimony of Primary Documents

This summer, Suzanne Hunter Brown will join historian Jennifer Keene (Chapman University) to lead a course on the history and literature of the 20th century’s World Wars. Using primary historical documents along with memoirs, fiction and poetry, the course will consider Americans’ battlefield and domestic experience, as well as civil-military relations and the connection between our political principles and our military practices.

Suzanne Brown teaching the 2018 history and literature seminar, “Immigration to America” with Dan Monroe

During her career Brown has taught English at Dartmouth College while leading a range of reading and discussion programs for adults, including National Endowment for the Humanities programs for medical and military professionals. She edited the anthology Echoes of War, used as a reader for health care professionals at Veterans Administration Healthcare Centers. Currently she works with the Vermont Humanities Council, facilitating discussions of literature for female veterans.

Recently we asked Brown how literature deepens our understanding of Americans’ war experience.

Primary documents recorded Americans’ World War experience as it happened. Imaginative writers recollected this experience in fiction and poetry. Does literature give us a distanced perspective on history?

I actually don’t find historical and literary documents to differ in that way. A lot of the poems on the syllabus were written during a war; and some primary documents, like Harding’s Address at the Burial of an Unknown American Soldier, were written after a war ended. Teaching primary documents along with literature pushes me to think not only about the “time setting” of the action in a fictional story, but also the time of composition and the time of publication. For example, Willa Cather wrote One of Ours as Americans were trying to understand what their participation in World War I meant. Memorials were going up all across the country. Americans had arrived on the battlefield late in the war but in time for some of the hardest fighting. Enough time had passed for them to question whether this war had indeed, as President Wilson claimed, made “the world safe for democracy.” You need to read the primary documents of the 1920s to understand this.

An excerpt from President Woodrow Wilson’s Dec. 4, 1917 speech before Congress, inscribed on an African American soldier’s certificate of service. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-ppmsca-11416.

What most distinguishes the imaginative accounts from the primary documents is their diction. Imaginative writers strive for honest, concrete language. When they challenge the politicians’ accounts, it may be not the judgments but the rhetoric of public figures they most object to. Yet how may a leader remind people of what they are sacrificing, fighting, and dying for without creating a cloud of abstraction that diminishes the specific horror of that sacrifice? The Gettysburg Address is the best solution to that problem I know of, and I think its very brevity enables its success.

In the case of Hemingway, I suspect his famously terse prose style in part reflects his suspicion that talking about war experience somehow distorts or sullies it.

Cather and Hemingway offer contrasting accounts of World War I. Hemingway served during the war, while Cather only read and thought about it. Does this explain their different perspectives?

Joseph Russell Smith of Weiser, Idaho, one of 100 young Americans, like Cather’s cousin G. P. Cather, killed at the Battle of Cantigny on May 28, 1918. The battle brought the first combat success of the American Army since it had begun training in France almost one year before. (Flickr Commons project, 2016; Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-ggbain-27284).

Hemingway accused Cather of learning about combat from the movie The Birth of a Nation, adding, “Poor woman, she had to get her war experience somewhere.” In fact, Cather spent several months in 1918 interviewing veterans of the war and reading letters they sent home from the front, most carefully those sent home by her cousin G. P Cather, whose death in action at Cantigny was the real impetus for the book.

One of Ours was often misread as a book that sentimentalized and romanticized death in war, until the 1980s, when Cather scholars challenged this reading. I suspect Hemingway, jealously defending his own war experience, and jealous of Cather’s 1923 Pulitzer Prize, misread the novel.

Interestingly, Cather said she feared the book would be read as a war story. It was the character of her cousin that fascinated her: a misfit on the prairie farm, someone who goes to war in search of a worthy purpose. Cather portrays Claude’s romantic idealism in a complex way. We’ll have a lot to discuss as we consider whether Cather sees this idealism as a positive or negative thing.

Was idealism always a motive for enlistment? What about those marginalized at home due to their race or ethnic origins?

Two unidentified African American soldiers in uniforms and campaign hats standing in front of American flag, photographed between 1917 and 1918. (Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-ppmsca-51901.)

Of course, many Americans were drafted before they volunteered. David Laskin in The Long Way Home writes about Southern and Eastern European immigrants to this country who were sent off to war very soon after their arrival. He concludes that the war helped them assimilate and embrace their American identity. The rude epithets used against them at home by Anglo Americans were also used within their units, but as affectionate terms. African Americans had a mixed experience. They hoped their service would push the nation to recognize and honor their rights, and sometimes, while serving, they experienced advancement. At other times, military policy reinforced segregation. The welcome that many black service members were given in France during World War I contrasted painfully with their treatment by the US military and with segregation at home. Still, we see writers like Marilyn Nelson, whose father was a Tuskegee airman in WWII, expressing great pride in African Americans’ service. German American civilians faced hostility from their neighbors during World War I, as Japanese Americans did during World War II, yet writers like Cather and the photo journalist Ansel Adams highlight the patriotic service of soldiers who share an ethnic connection with the enemy.

Veterans often avoid speaking of their war experience. Why should civilians read about that experience?

Pictures and mementoes on phonograph top: Yonemitsu home, Manzanar Relocation Center, from Ansel Adams’ photo collection for Born Free and Equal: The Story of the Loyal Japanese Americans, 1943 (Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-ppprs-00278).

Veterans keep silence for many reasons­—because they don’t want to shock civilians, because they doubt civilians can understand what they did, because the memories are painful, or perhaps because they need to protect a space in their lives that has nothing to do with the war. Yet we need to know about their experience. As citizens, we elect and deputize representatives who decide when and where we send soldiers to fight; we need to know what this service costs those soldiers. As neighbors, parents, siblings, and children of those who have fought, we need the information to support those we love. At the VA hospital, many health care providers have told me about veterans of World War II who, under the influence of drugs or dementia, return to their days as soldiers and relive aspects of the war they have never before talked about. Increasingly, military and health professionals understand that we need to prepare soldiers for a return to civilian life as thoroughly and thoughtfully as we prepare them to become warriors. To support this, we should help civilians understand the challenges returning soldiers face.

Learn more about this summer’s history and literature seminars.

The post Adding the Lens of Literature to the Testimony of Primary Documents appeared first on Teaching American History.

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[justlanroyref-blog]

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[multisfabulis]

Fluffles Part 2

To anyone wondering what fluffles are, they’re basically little tidbits of information I’ll share about the characters that have been introduced so far since the possibility of when or even if another segment about these stuffies is very much in the air. Plus, it’s more information about these characters that you get to know!

I usually write these fluffles on my OC Twitter so if they’re formatted or written weird, that’s why.

So I know I didn't mention this in their bios but I planned that, on the day of Astra's coronation as queen, a rival kingdom would invade the Caeleste kingdom in order to usurp her rule (Cliche as hell, I know), Miranda and Fenrir would try and get the invaders' attention so that Astra and Orion would be able to escape. During the fight, both Miranda and Fenrir would get severely injured, actually losing a part of themselves (Miranda, her right arm and Fenrir, one of his eyes) before becoming subsequently captured. During their time in imprisonment, they'd be tortured for information about the Caeleste kingdom and any safe places Astra and Orion might go to. After some time, Miranda and Fenrir would be rescued by the main guards of the main town, Aurora Zenith (The only place I actually developed), on Astra and Orion's behalf. I only got that far in terms of planning but I wanted to basically knock Miranda and Fenrir down a peg (Great way to talk about your OCs, Airi...).

As their personalities are put in their bios, I wanted to try writing how Miranda and Fenrir would've coped with this traumatic experience in their own ways.

I imagine Miranda would try to play it off cool, make it seem like losing an arm and being tortured right after isn't such a big deal, only to eventually start cracking once she can't stop shaking from the possibility of fighting again and finding her attacks much harder to deal and land.

Fenrir, on the other hand, would never talk about it, distancing himself from everyone and make it seem like the whole thing didn't get to him. People would start seeing how it's quite the opposite when they see Fenrir sometimes flinch if a hand's being raised or notice him spacing out (Which, for him, is really obvious).

Of course they'd get help but it'd definitely be a long and difficult process (That's about it as far as I planned).

Orion has a tendency to run away from problems, whether it be out of fear, emotional burden, or both. Part of the reason is that he believes some problems don't have a solution to them while another part is because he doesn't believe he can do much more than to run away.

Because of how close they are, Astra knows this and, due to her not wanting to upset him and possibly believing that Orion should work it out on his own, she doesn't call him out on it and will sometimes enable it, which of course doesn't solve anything.

However, I have imagined a scenario where Orion, already dealing with the stress of having to escape from invaders wanting to kill him and seeing Miranda and Fenrir horribly maimed from trying to protect him and Astra, decides to cut ties with them, not wanting to deal with the reality of their possible deaths. Initially, Astra goes along with it, thinking Orion's trying to cope with what happened in his own way and would later rethink his decision. When some time passes, she eventually realizes he was serious and, seeing how this is doing more harm than good to both parties involved, she goes to confront him. I'd like to think this as it being emotional since Astra calls Orion out on his behavior, even saying she was wrong for not stopping it sooner and believing he'd get over it without any help, while Orion admits he's known about this for years but has never tried to fix it due to his insecurities and fears and his belief he can't be anything more than a coward. Course, if you know me, this does lead to Orion reversing his decision but it also leads to Orion to try working on his avoidance issues with Astra promising to not enable it and to help him by correcting him if she starts to suspect him doing it again.

As I mentioned in their summaries, Miranda and Fenrir are the leaders of the Caeleste Guard, which is an achievement in of itself, but for these two, I'd like to think it's more... a moment of triumph by successfully subverting everyone's expectations of them. I only very recently got this idea for Miranda and Fenrir so there's probably gonna be some fine-tuning but I'd like to think of them being treated as sort of outcasts during their childhood (Although, not to the point of being treated like Ven was).

When I was in the process of making Fenrir a lycanthrope, I had the idea of people looking down on the Lycan race due to preconceptions and/or stereotypes so I'm basically bringing this idea to life, which means Fenrir was pitied at best or discriminated at worst (I.E. being called names such as 'mutt' or 'dog' or being accused of killing livestock whenever they go missing, etc).

Miranda, on the other hand, was born as a mixed child (I haven't come up with the various races that reside in the Caeleste kingdom and because there aren't any IRL ethnicities or nationalities in the universe, the best I can say for Miranda is that she'd be biracial in the real world, though not in the way you'd expect) out of an illegitimate love affair between a duchess and a woodcutter (What her father could be just came to me and it makes sense because this could be why Miranda chooses to wield a battleaxe instead of a regular sword). The duchess, not wanting to ruin her public image, dumps the baby at the father's door and never looks back and that explains Miranda's circumstances.

Long story short, I like to think that, despite how life's dealt them a crappy hand during their childhood, Miranda and Fenrir would want to prove everyone that said they wouldn't amount to much in life wrong by deciding to be part of the royal guard and make something of themselves (Although, for my sake, I'll say they didn't expect to be leaders and considered it to be a far-off dream).

I like to imagine Astra placing impossibly high standards on herself when it comes to her wanting to be a good queen to her people. She's constantly worrying over if she's meeting those standards and pushes herself to the extreme to meet them. If I had to put it in simpler terms, it's pressure from both herself and everyone's expectations of her that is slowly but surely pushing her to the brink of a breakdown.

Astra's the type of person to not really let anyone in on her worries and such, meaning no one would expect her breakdown until it'd already happen. She doesn't want people to worry over her and certainly disappoint everyone around her, hence why she keeps all of it in.

I had an idea in that, when the Caeleste kingdom's been invaded, Astra would feel a little relieved because everyone's eyes would be off of her. However, she still needed to put up a facade of being strong because, as previously stated before, she doesn't want others worrying over her.

I believe I mentioned in their summaries that Astra lets Orion have control over the Luna faction because she wants him to know he's just as important to their kingdom as her. However, the cause of this would be because Astra feels as if she's responsible for a lot of Orion's issues. Here comes an exposition dump...

Orion is the only successor to the branch family, as is Astra to the main family. The branch family cannot rule over the Caeleste kingdom as they do not have the power to do so. The main family can only be the ruling party as they have the power, as can be expected. Orion's older than Astra by either a few months or a year (I haven't decided as of now); as such, he doesn't hold claim to the throne. While he doesn't hold any resentment towards Astra, his position in the family leads him to believe he isn't important to the kingdom and that there's no need for him to be around. Astra knows about this and believes it to be her fault, simply because she was born (Which I know sounds like a stupid reason for getting guilty over but Astra doesn't exactly have proof or the confidence to prove herself wrong otherwise...). So, while they are close to one another, they do NOT talk to each other about these issues, mainly because it'd be pretty hard to talk to someone about your insecurities when the other feels like it's their fault for those insecurities.

[mixedracelitlwhs-blog]

Film: Mixed Race is an Unedited Film

Our creative project is a film that explores mixed-race identities in the Lick-Wilmerding community. We chose to emphasize people’s experiences being mixed-race through a montage of multiple people. We asked students to either give a word, a phrase, or a couple sentences to answer the question, “What does being mixed-race mean to you?” We chose this question because we wanted the question to be open-minded and expressive for the people we interviewed. After doing extensive research on various perspectives and representations of mixed-race in modern media, we noticed that the majority of responses included talking about how other people’s opinions of their mixed-race identities have influenced and impacts how they view themselves. We wanted to come up with and ask a question which would allow our interviewees to have freedom and creativity in their responses but also think about how their mixed-race identity shapes them. Through this project, we are able to gain insight on the different perspectives of people in the Lick community and their perspectives on being mixed-race.

After filming and watching the responses to our main question, we found it interesting how the answers were fairly neutral as a lot of participants described their experience as mostly positive or fairly flawed. There wasn’t a lot of negative connotations to mixed-race experiences but rather a pattern of being mixed-race as “confusing” or “conflicting.” The idea that people felt the need to identify with one culture more than the other but also not feel guilt or fear of “abandoning” a part their identity plays into the idea of being mixed-race and how it’s not something that is quantifiable. Although people can say they are genetically “this much” of one-race and “this much” of another, there’s no way to put a number as to how much of a person's identity is occupied by one culture. However, others said that being mixed-race made them feel “special” and how they could belong to several communities and experience multiple cultures.

A connection to today would be checking off boxes to identify someone. However, a person’s identity is not confined to any one part of themselves but rather their identity should consider all aspects of who they are. The film helps reveal some of the experiences people have had being mixed-race, and how it varies for everyone.

America is usually known as a “melting pot,” by blending a diverse group of people into one large “pot.” The “melting pot” connects to mixed-race identities because throughout the years, the way we define race has been changing as well. National Geographic’s article, ​The Changing Face of America, ​states that while mixed-race is becoming more and more common, it doesn’t completely erase the history people of color have faced. This connects to how mixed-race identity is shaped in our society. Our film explores the experiences of mixed-race students at Lick-Wilmerding and analyzing the term “melting pot” could offer insight as to how their identity is shaped. ​The Odyssey’s​ article “​Is America Actually a Melting Pot?” ​challenges the idea of the “melting pot.” Writer Amna Rustom argues that ​while it seems as though the “melting pot” is what America claims to be, it seems as if it is actually a hope and dream for America rather than a reality. As to how this connects to race and mixed-race, students at Lick-Wilmerding often find themselves in a confusing and difficult spot when it comes to their race. Unfortunately, America is still not a society that accepts all cultures so many students at Lick-Wilmerding often feel as though they must pick one race. ​More specifically, though San Francisco is a place of diversity, where many people live in a sheltered bubble, many students at Lick face challenges and difficulties when it comes to their race.

Our overall vision is to help others catch a glimpse of living as a mixed-race student at Lick-Wilmerding and further analyze any particular patterns in responses. We hope the film can reach a variety of people, even outside of Lick-Wilmerding. We were inspired by CYJO’s photo series, ​Mixed Blood​, which portrayed families with their children of “mixed” races, ethnicities, and cultures. In her photo series, we noticed that CYJO chose specific communities to document, such as New York City, Beijing, the DC Metro Area, and Miami, and we took inspiration from that by choosing to show mixed-race identity in the Lick Wilmerding community. We found that the clips of people in our film reveal that being mixed-race isn’t based on the traditional stereotypical idealities but instead questions and diffuses the societal influence and process of race/ethnicity. Thus, our film subjects and the mixed-race families in ​Mixed Blood ​both illustrate the connective, cross-cultural experiences in different communities in our world.

If this film were to be connected with a series of a longer body of work, this film would just be one subset. Our film would try to encapsulate some of the mixed-race students at Lick-Wilmerding. A possible idea for a series would be a multitude of montages around different schools or even across states. As stated previously, San Francisco is very much different than other cities around the country, so it would be interesting to see what people across the country will have to say about their experiences. We decided to throw away the labels when presenting the students. Instead of stating which races they are, we decided to just present their name and grade. Often times, people attribute certain physical features, such as the eyes, to someone’s race or races. People generally immediately assume someone’s race because it is so ingrained in our society to do so.

Personal Reflections Mika: As a Japanese and Chinese American, I found myself wondering if people view multi-ethnic people similarly to mixed-race people. When I talked to the people I interviewed, a lot of them explained how people would identify them as mixed-race by certain facial features such as eyes, hair color and even face shape. I began to reflect on my experiences with people guessing what race and ethnicity I was and realized that there aren’t specific things which label me as both Chinese and Japanese. Most people just know me as Asian, which makes me think that our ideas of race and ethnicity are not quite clear to the general public. When multiple interviewees explained how they felt conflicted between their races, I began thinking about whether I was conflicted between my two ethnicities. Although my whole perspective on the matters of race and ethnicity are completely blurred after hearing multiple perspectives from people inside and outside the Lick community, I’ve been able to reflect on my own relationship with my racial identity and I think that I wouldn’t be able to gain a deeper point of view without having the opportunity to interact with so many people in a diverse community.

Jen: Throughout my life, I have never truly had a difficult time choosing between my Burmese heritage and my Chinese heritage. I have always had a blend of both, from speaking Burmese at home, to taking Chinese class in school. Since I am not mixed-race, I wanted to learn more about the experiences of mixed-race students, and specifically at Lick-Wilmerding. Before coming to Lick, my middle school was predominantly Asian, but at Lick, I felt as though I was able to meet a wide variety of students with different backgrounds and experiences. Similar to our class discussions, sometimes, people try to “guess” which race you are and try to attribute certain physical features to your race. In middle school, I used to swim in the sun a lot so I would be tan, and I remember one day my classmate assumed I was Filipino because of my skin color. Throughout my life, when my skin got lighter because I swan during the winter, my aunts and grandmas would say, “Wow, you’re so much prettier! Your skin is so much lighter!” This connects to the idea of “white beauty” and how it has such a major influence on those around the world. As a Chinese, Burmese, American, I have a different perspective than my family living in Myanmar. Though sometimes, there may be conflicts between my perspective and my family’s perspective, I love being a part of different cultures because I am able to further explore what it means to be a Chinese, Burmese, American.

Throughout the whole process of our project, we had difficulty trying to come to a conclusion with how we wanted to finalize our film. We spent several days nit picking all of the flaws and controversies which could be brought up about our film and we ultimately came to the conclusion that there’s no right way to portray mixed-race, especially visually. Because race is such a visual construct, we didn’t want our film to give off the wrong idea or impression. We’ve learned that race is something that is thought of visually, as race is something we notice when we first meet someone or an identifier/how we identify people. Additionally, we realized that race is hard to capture through film as the way we film and edit the video is so crucial to how people react to it. When thinking about how we wanted to present our idea through film, we took into consideration the various ways race is portrayed in Hollywood. In recent years, Hollywood’s portrayal of race in media has been bittersweet, some films celebrate and accept different actors and actresses of various races but others scrutinize race and portray it negatively. As Asian-American girls, we find that there is a lack of representation in films and often times, we are misrepresented. For example, Scarlett Johansson in the live-action anime-based movie, Ghost in the Shell and Emma Stone, as a mixed-race Hawaiian in the 2014 drama, Aloha. As critics of these movies and the casting choices we have seen, we didn’t want to replicate and make the mistake of giving the wrong intention when choosing and asking people in the Lick community to be in our film. We strived to include a diverse group of people regarding the number of races in the Lick community, different grades, and genders. While our film doesn’t specify what combinations of race people are, we knew our audience would immediately begin to label the subjects in the film simply because it’s a natural instinct to do so. When selecting people to interview and film, we had difficulty trying to come up with a list which was diverse and inclusive. For example, we would make a list and then realize that the majority of people were hapa (white and Asian) and we weren’t satisfied with that list because we didn’t want to give the impression that the only or majority of mixed-race students at Lick were hapa. We also found that there were intersections with gender identities when searching for people. Most of the people we originally filmed were female-identifying, which we thought made the same implication that Lick-Wilmerding has a lot of female mixed-race people and not as many mixed-race males. Something which was difficult to deal with was including a diverse group but having to deal with issues including scheduling (as most of our scheduling times depended on the people who we asked) and a lot of people were extremely busy being that it is the end of the semester.

Works Cited

Mixed Blood, by ​CYJO. Circa 2010, cast circa 2017, Mixed Race is a Black Box, pg 54-55.

[surveysonfleek]

078.

What was the last strong emotion you experienced? sadness.

Who was responsible for it? my boyfriend. thankfully this was awhile ago.

Do you post the results to your surveys on any other website? no.

When people fill out your surveys, do you read their answers to your questions? I don’t make surveys.

Which do you dislike more: taking pills, or the taste of cough medicine? cough medicine.

Name three bands you would love to see in concert: im not really sure, i’ve never been a band person. there’s bands that i like but wouldn’t be dying to see in concert.

If you could have the answer to any question, which would it be? will i end up happy in life?

What is the most annoying task you have had to complete in the past week? work lol.

When was the last time you canceled plans? What came up, if anything? this saturday. it was getting late and i couldn’t be bothered going out.

Do your hands ever get sweaty when you hold someone else’s? yes but only coz their hand is sweaty.

Does this embarrass you? no.

What goes through your mind when you’re engaged in a passionate kiss? love.

Do you ever wonder what other people think/daydream about? not really.

Do you ever wonder what animals think about? my dog, yes.

If you’ve made a mixed CD before, what type of music did you put on the most recently made one? rnb.

Do you think there is a point where someone is too fat for a bikini? no, but the important thing is wearing the right size. i’ve seen girls on the skinnier side wear like 2 sizes too small and it’s not a good look.

Why or why not? to each their own, i’m really not judgemental about that kinda thing.

Do confident people ever annoy you? only if they’re bragging too much about themselves or fishing for compliments.

What about negative people? i can only take so much negativity. i’ll sympathise with them but if they continue i get over it pretty quickly.

Would you say that you are more confident in yourself, or negative? more negative.

Who do you think has it harder in terms of expectations regarding physical appearance: men, or women? women for sure.

Elaborate on your choice? i feel like women in general are more judged based on their physical appearance than men.

Who is the most emotionally strong person that you know? my parents. idk how they do it.

How about the most emotionally weak? not sure.

Think of your favorite book/movie/cartoon characters. What do they all have in common? they have courage? haha not sure.

What do all of your favorite celebrities have in common? they’re all youngish.

Is there a reality show you would consider being on? nope.

How would you portray yourself on this show? -

What was the last word or phrase that you screamed? bye!

Have you ever cried in the shower? When was the last time?

 yes. forever ago.

Has a survey question ever offended or insulted you?

 no.

Has an answer to one of your questions ever offended you?

 I don’t make surveys.

Has anyone ever insulted your survey-making ability, if you make them?

 ^

When was the last time you felt too hot?
 when i left my heater on in my room.

When was the last time you shivered?

 today.

Do you feel comfortable spending the night at other people’s places?
 nooooo. i seriously struggle not sleeping in my own bed. it’s a lot easier when i’m traveling coz usually i’m out all day and fall asleep straight away at a hotel, but i can’t stand sleeping at other people’s houses.

Or would you rather they stayed over at yours?

 yes. as long as they take the guest room haha.

Do you spend time online when your friends are over?

 only on my phone.

Do you spend [too much] time texting when you’re around others?

 not really. if it’s important i’ll text while im with friends but i usually keep my attention on them.

Do you watch anime? If so, what do you watch?

 nah. i grew up watching sailor moon and pokemon but that’s about it.

What would you recommend?

 those two ^ i’m sure everyone’s seen them.

Who was the “bad guy” in the last book you read?

 i just started reading big little lies, but i’ve already seen the show so meh.

Did anyone die in the last movie that you watched?

 no.

When was the last time you saw two people in love?

 hmmm not sure.

When was the last time you saw two people fighting?

 not sure either. i hardly pay attentionlol.

Is there something you are afraid others might find out about you?

 no.

Can you recall the last time you blinked?

 yes.

Who absolutely disgusts you?

 just all the evil people in the world. i feel for them.

Do you keep up with current events?

 yes.

What is one emotion you never want to experience?

 i think i’ve experienced a lot of emotions already.

What was the last “sin” that you committed?
 gluttony.

Do you believe there is a “right” or “wrong” religion? Explain?

 no. everyone has the freedom to believe/not believe in religion.

Have you learned anything new today?

 no.

Do you learn something new everyday?

 haha probably.

In general, is learning something that you enjoy?

 yes and no. if it’s something completely boring i won’t learn at all.

On a scale of 1-10, how interested are you in the world around you?

 6. haha.

Do you ever watch educational documentaries?

 yes.

Where was the last place you went against your will?
 clubbing.

What is the longest you have ever waited for something?

 i’ve waited months for ebay items in the mail. especially when they’re from hong kong lol.

Was it worth the wait?
 they were cheap so yeah.

Have you ever purchased something expensive, only to realize you didn’t want it as badly as you thought you did?
 yes.

Around which subject(s) did your last conversation revolve?

 people at work.

What is something people assume about your country of origin?

 that there’s heaps of wild animals here out to kill you. totally untrue.

Can you guess another person’s nationality just by looking at them?
 you probably mean ethnicity. and while i think i can guess, half the time i’m wrong.

What nationality(ies) are you? Is it obvious, or subtle?
 my nationality is australian, my ethnicity is filipino. 

What is your favorite song to dance to?

 anything lit lol.

What is your favorite song to listen to while driving? it changes everyday. today it was kehlani.

Do you listen to music while you fill out surveys? How often?

 no.

What are you listening to right now? If you’re not, what did you last listen to?

 kehlani.

Is this song by your favorite band?

 she’s an artist.