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eirikrjs · 4 years ago

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what do you think is the best smt game to start with? not necessarily the highest quality but the one that gives you the best introduction to the franchise

I was just lamenting the other day that Shin Megami Tensei 1 should be the best place to start because it being the progenitor means everything iterates off of it and therefore it provides a great foundation for anyone new. However, Atlus is stupid and hasn’t modernized the game and made it available on current platforms. Every other game released in English is of course perfectly playable to anyone but each has some caveats that prevent them from being fully starter friendly. Let’s check off the available main series games:

Nocturne: We missed out on the context SMT1 and SMT2 provided to show that Nocturne was intentionally trying to shake up the formula. Rewards completion of sloppily-conceived but fun and substantial re-release edition content over main themes of the OG release (which we also never got). This “edgy” anti-theming then became the context for SMT for long after. For these reasons I really think Nocturne is a bad place to start, but it was my own start, so...

Strange Journey: The DS version might be the best way released in English to introduce yourself to SMT. A straightforward narrative that teaches you the basics of SMT conflict. Proves that Tokyo doesn't actually matter. However, it’s a dungeon crawler and one that is sadistic at times so you may already need to like that kind of game to enjoy it.

Shin Megami Tensei IV: A great environment and a scenario with lots of potential squandered by poor writing, the Achilles’ heel of modern RPGs. New demon art is not just bad, it is expressly anti-SMT and generic. The solid mechanics make it a commonly-seen rec for starters. It is a fun game and may be the best rec after SJ if you don’t think too hard about the narrative or consider what you see to be definitive.

Shin Megami Tensei IV Apocalypse: Its writing makes SMT4′s look good. Was intended to appeal to a slightly younger demographic of early teens and it shows. Its refined SMT4 gameplay might be the best in the series. If you can skip all the dialogue and make up your own story based on what little you see, it becomes an excellent SMT simulator.

Strange Journey Redux: It has the Nocturne problem of largely bad and poorly written re-release material intruding on and incentivizing itself over the original. Gameplay and dungeon navigation have been improved. I haven’t personally played this version but my heart still says to go for the original over this.

Then the spinoff games, which are sometimes recommended to newcomers:

Devil Survivor 1/Overclocked: This one (especially the Overclocked re-release) is a darling in some circles. At best it does have above-average writing (and a scenario that remixes SMT1) but there’s just too much of it that doesn’t advance the plot or characters. While it has grid-based map combat like any brand of Tactics game, it is rarely strategic as enemies usually take the battle to you. These games also feature the amateurish character art of Suzuhito Yasuda, a man so horny he seemingly draws only to please himself and I really think its low quality takes something away from the game. Very mixed on the game as a whole.

Devil Survivor 2/Record Breaker: Not a good starter, especially compared to the first game. Writing is atrocious and full of anime cliches. Has a great demon roster is the best I can say about it.

Digital Devil Saga 1/2: Great story and characters in this rare-for-the-series directly continuous narrative, but both games suffer from a high encounter rate (which can be lowered eventually), large costs for essential skill upgrades that encourage grinding, and loooong dungeons in between story beats. Uses Nocturne’s Press Turn system so the gameplay is solid. Its linear story and character focus completely eschew the series’ alignments and demon mechanics so it’s not a great way to learn about SMT itself. Honestly, you might be better off waiting for an inevitable DDS duology remaster.

Raidou Kuzunoha (Soulless Army): The first Raidou game is a mediocre action RPG set on prerendered backgrounds that always do their best to make the combat seem even less fluid. This is the only Raidou game with anything approaching an interesting story..., well, maybe the scenario is more interesting than the story itself. Again, a bad starter because the most interesting narrative bits are for veteran players and for the half-baked combat.

Raidou Kuzunoha (King Abbadon): The action combat is much improved and slightly more dynamic enough to be passable. Good thing because the story is somehow completely unappealing, from most angles. The entire appeal of the Raidou games seems to be in proportion to how cool you think the main character design is. I personally don’t get it.

Soul Hackers: A game that succeeds at all the basics: presentation, narrative, gameplay. Like SJ, this is a spinoff of the old mold and is a dungeon crawler (albeit one that’s far simpler) and, amazingly, the 3DS version features gameplay improvements and toggle-able features (some of which are basically in-game cheats) without modern story additions. Battles are extremely basic turn-based affairs, for better or worse. Has an excellent ‘90s cyberpunk atmosphere, the characters aren’t overwritten for better or worse, and the plot has plenty of what can be called “SMT moments.” If you can move past the lack of modern niceties and polish, it’s a great little game.

I really do care a lot about writing and presentation, especially internal consistency for the former and coordination for the latter. For too many of these games I’ve tapped out of what I’m seeing on the screen and default to the gameplay to keep me interested until the end. Life is too short for bad art.

But if you’re totally new, here’s a recommended starting order of the games available to easily purchase digitally/emulate:

Strange Journey (DS) or Shin Megami Tensei IV

SMT: Nocturne (HD coming in May)

Soul Hackers

Strange Journey is a good teacher of what the series is about but if it’s not to your liking, Shin Megami Tensei IV is the acceptable substitute teacher that bungled the lesson plan but at least makes attempts to sound informed, something most others don’t do. Nocturne is great but don’t make it your first. Have fun!

#shin megami tensei #soul hackers #strange journey #devil survivor #megaten #atlus #recommendation

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ivy-kissobryos · 4 years ago

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Thai Folk Magic

Below are some analysis of folk spells from Thailand, along with the theories of how magic works. All quotes are from "Monks and Magic: Revisiting a Classic Study of Religious Ceremonies in Thailand" by Barend Jan Terwiel. First, we will discuss love spells. Totally recommend the book to anyone interested. Everything that I read so far seem very accurate to what I experienced growing up.

Love Magic

One man reputedly won his wife by drawing a simple magical diagram, one of the category of the yan napaṭhamaṃ, while thinking intensively of the woman he wished to marry and saying the appropriate khatha. He waited seven days for the magic to take effect and, when approaching her, he noticed that she was more favourably inclined towards him. Yan napaṭhamaṃ means literally: ‘The first, or foremost letter N diagram’. The letter N occurs frequently in Thai mystical drawings, probably because it may be regarded as an extreme abbreviation of the expression namo buddhāya, hail to the Buddha.

The idea of drawing holy symbols in order to bring about an outcome is something common among many cultures, both eastern and western (like in Catholic folk magic where the cross is drawn for protection and to invoke the higher powers). I just find this intriguing because I keep seeing the symbol of the yan napaṭhamaṃ pretty much everywhere in Thailand, both painted on the ceiling of a taxi, on top of doorways or in front of windows. Good to finally find out what it means.

Another method to ensure the love of a woman, also reported by Textor, is to sit close by her while smoking a cigarette. The man should draw smoke deep into his lungs and, whilst softly saying the right spell, blow out the smoke so that it envelops her. A much stronger method consists of scooping up some earth with the big toe of the right foot, taking the earth in the right hand and rubbing it on the top of the head, whilst invoking the goddess of the earth, Mother Thorani (ธรณี), to assist in the acquisition of a bride.

The last two examples reveal that, as the magical practices become more strong and persuasive, less attractive material is used. It is not pleasant to be enveloped in smoke, and rubbing earth over one’s head is an action no Thai will perform lightly. The earth is often associated with pollution because it can be the recipient of human waste and animal droppings. Moreover, scooping up a bit of earth with the foot must be regarded as an abnormal, ‘inverted’ activity. The feet are the parts of the body that are held in lowest regard, and reaching for something with the foot is regarded in Thailand as the epitome of bad manners.

It is said among men that prostitutes use a similar magic. Reputedly a prostitute sprinkles some water that contains vaginal excretion at the doorposts and above the door of the house where she lives. A man walking near the door may suddenly be irresistibly drawn over the threshold. If he is wearing his string of amulets he should quickly take it off and give it to a friend in safe keeping before entering the house.

The quotes above is interesting in that the concept of holiness and unholiness (or pollution) is used to compel someone, with love/compulsion being viewed as a dirty thing.

When a woman is convinced that her husband gives cause for jealousy she may make a potion or a powder that contains some of her vaginal excretion. If a man consumes some food that contains this potion or powder, he reputedly loses interest in all other women and devotes his complete attention to the woman from whose secretions the mixture was made. A woman who resorts to these means should take care to practise this kind of magic in secret; if the man finds out that his food has been treated in such a manner, he would be very angry indeed, for her vaginal excretion will surely have destroyed the power of many of his tattoos and amulets and rendered him vulnerable.

Here, bodily fluids are used. This is like in various folk magic where menstrual blood is dropped into the food of someone in order to compel them to be attracted to you. What is more intriguing is the notion that something unclean like vaginal excretion could be used to render magical tattoos and amulets useless. Extrapolating from that, I believe that if one wishes to desecrate something, one could sprinkle water mixed with vaginal excretions onto it.

He reports that, if a woman fears that her husband has been treated with the vaginal excretion of another woman, she should obtain water from the bottom of three or seven taxi boats, and some moss from around the sanctuary of a monastery, or from the boundary stones of a bot. If her husband eats food containing a mixture of these materials, his previously alienated affection is restored. The substances chosen to counter the effects of aggressive love magic of another woman are obviously considered magically powerful in their own right [...] Water from the bottom of taxi boats must be seen as polluted and aggressive: it is where the wood starts rotting, the stagnant water has often an unpleasant smell, and it may contain particles of dirt from the feet of countless passengers. Moss that grows on the sanctuary of a monastery appears more ambiguously charged. On the one hand, it can usually be found on ground level, and may have been dirtied by the many dogs that roam the premises. On the other hand, a small amount of the beneficial power that is continually generated in the building itself may have permeated as far as the mossy outside. It seems, however, that the aggressive aspects prevail for the moss is reported to be one of the ingredients of a magically highly potent substance used to kill enemies.

For clarifications, a "bot" as referred to in the quote above translates roughly to temple. Again, the concept of sympathetic magic is used, dirtiness contrasted with holiness. Now let's discuss where magic comes from within this belief system.

Origins of Magic

In order to make a pressed or printed image, commonly known as phra phim (พระ พิมพ์), a monk needs, apart from the mould, a recipe, the proper ingredients, and considerable knowledge of spells, the sacred script and magical drawings. Historians will be sad to hear that one of the common ingredients of phra phim is the ash obtained from burning the oldest handwritten sacred books of the monastery [...] The amulets derive their protective power partly from the association with powerful things. The phra phim are made from sacred ingredients.

Phra phim is a type of flat, printed amulet. Amulets are sacred because something within them is sacred. The idea of burning holy texts to add power to a spell or enchantment is also similar to other forms of folk magic, such as in Catholic folk magic where psalms may be written and burnt and their ashes be used for protection or other purposes. However, as will be explained below, consecration is needed to make the amulets functioning.

In general, the inherent quality of the amulets is considered insufficient to ensure protection to the person who wears them. Apart from being made from auspicious material and depicting powerful symbols, the amulets usually ought to be sacralized. This sacralization can take many forms. The most elementary sacralization ritual, called pluksek (ปลุกเสก), can be observed, for example, when a monk gives a small Buddha image to a layman. Taking the image in both hands, the monk brings it close to his mouth and murmurs a short Pali formula. While uttering the final syllable of the spell, the monk may blow sharply upon this Buddha image. Some monks prefer to draw a simple yan over the amulet with the index finger of the right hand or with a pencil while saying the Pali words.

I used to translate "pluksek” as consecration, but here I can see why sacralization also makes sense. The way breath is used to imbue powers in an object is also a universal thing that is present in many forms of magic.

Another thing that is of note is that magic isn't simply sympathetic, but also based upon the concept of proximity and contagion.

The closer to the seat of magical power, the stronger is the influence of that force. Any object of the appropriate shape that is exposed to a strong dose of magical power will become a secondary seat of the force. This has been amply demonstrated in the rituals surrounding amulets [...] This is why the bundles of such objects are placed near a monk who is preaching, why the begging bowl of an ordinand contains them, and why bowls of water stand near the monks who complete their pavāraṇā ceremony. The principle is apparent in the rituals designed to sacralize amulets as well as those where a bowl of water is charged.

Placing water near a monk speaking holy words makes the water somewhat more holy than it was before. But, magic isn't just man-made. It's all around us, a part of the natural world.

It has been shown that, in addition to the protective power that emanates from people who utter sacred words or who meditate, there are ambiguous forces in the animated world, forces that may protect, but that could also be harmful. Examples of the ambiguous powers are the gods, the spirits of the ancestors, the anthropomorphic and theriomorphic powers that live in nature and are the legendary original owners of the environment, and guardian spirits.

There is no sharp division between physical powers of nature and magical power. The earth, which possesses the capacity to make plants grow and thrive, is sometimes seen in the shape of a beautiful female, Mae Thorani. Under the earth is the domain of the chief of the Nak, a serpent-like shape with the face of a dragon. The wind, the river, a tree, a house, and the monastery, each of these is connected with one or more unseen powers, conceived of in anthropomorphic form, and each of these unseen powers has its specific likes and dislikes. A farmer learns to attract their attention with candles, incense, and flowers, and develops skills in addressing and pleasing them. Nature has provided men with unexpected seats of power. For example, a termite hill may acquire a reputation for bringing luck; or when lightning strikes a building, the scorched plaster is regarded as magically powerful. A lump of resin that shows the shape of a Buddha is sacred, and a big stone that is dragged up from the river brings prosperity when laid in the rice-storage hut.

Death and the Afterlife

Now, I wish to discuss something less about magic and more about religion.

In the mouth a coin is placed, which the soul of the dead person needs in order to pay the fare to cross the underworld river, guarded by Phra Ketkaew Culamani, (เก็จแก้วจุฬมณี) or ‘Lord Bright Gem Jewel’. Probably this is Yama, the Hindu god who presides over the dead and who is described as ‘with a glittering form, a crown on his head’. This is followed by the ritual of tra sang (ตราสัง), ‘binding the corpse’. The undertaker uses a piece of white unspun cotton thread to bind the neck, feet and hands whilst saying the Pali formula: ‘Putto gīve, dhano pade, bhariya hatthe’. This is interpreted as a spell with which to free a person from the three strongest ties in this world: from the tie of children (whilst putting a loop with the cord around the neck), from wealth (when binding the feet), and from the tie of the spouse (while the hands are tied).

Two things are interesting here. First, being that payment is needed to cross an underworld river. This is very reminiscent of the myth of Charon and the crossing of river styx. The second interesting point is the use of binding magic. I have witness the ritual performed but at the time, I didn't understand what it meant. The irony of binding someone in order to free them is also very striking.

Other Tai peoples, especially the White and Black Tais of northern Vietnam, who do not seem to be influenced by Buddhism, have quite different views. In their eyes, a person has many khwan that, upon death, divide themselves in groups; some khwan go to the spirit world above, some are conducted to the house and can be worshipped on the ancestral shrine, while the remainder stay in the grave.

The quote above explores the question many people may ask: where do souls go after we die? I have pondered this question many times- if I give all that I am to the Witchfather, would my soul continue to serve Him even after death? If I devote myself to the Theoi, do I get to gain entry to the Hellenic afterlife? Would that mean that upon death, I could never interact with the spirits of my ancestors again as we are of different religious beliefs? The concept of khwan solves this line of thinking, in my opinion. There are many independent khwan in your body, just like your body is made up of millions of miniscule cells. Perhaps, a part of me would fall into milk and join the Theoi upon death, perhaps another will stay here to guide whoever comes after me. We are multitudes, both in life and in death.

#thai magic

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uncloseted · 5 years ago

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Advice for taking MDMA the first time

First things first, I want to make it clear that I’m not advocating doing drugs, but I also understand that people are curious about them and I’d rather you have the information necessary to make better choices if you do decide to try them. So many drug-related deaths are the result of misinformation, and I think it’s important to change that as much as possible. So that’s where I’m coming from in answering this question.

Also, I want to say that there’s a difference between doing drugs for fun/because you’re curious and doing drugs because you feel like they help you deal with/escape the problems in your life. Regardless of the drug, if you’re doing it because of problems in your life, you’re at a much higher risk for addiction than people who are doing it recreationally. I think it’s really important to assess your motivations and make sure that you’re not looking for a “feel better fast” fix to the difficulties of life. I know it can seem like it’s not a big deal to escape your problems for a little bit, or that it will be fine if you do it just once, but in that type of scenario, it’s very rarely just once. This is a really big factor in the opioid epidemic in the US right now, so I think it’s important to talk about. If you’re struggling with your life, talking to a therapist is a much better, safer, effective option. In the wise words of Riley from Sense8, "It's not the drugs that make a drug addict, it's the need to escape reality."

Additionally, it’s important think about your behavior- are you someone who’s obsessive in other areas of your life? If you find yourself engaging in perfectionistic, compulsive, or addictive behaviors when it comes to other things (school/work, video games, food, caffeine), you may need to be careful when it comes to drug usage. The more we learn about addiction, the more it seems like a certain percentage of people are just predisposed to being addicts and will develop those behaviors regardless of what the behavior is directed at. If you think you might have that type of personality, it’s important to approach drugs with caution, if at all, and to avoid ones that are commonly causes for addiction.

Now that’s out of the way, here are some general harm reduction techniques you should always practice when you’re doing drugs:

- Know what you’re getting. Some drugs look like one thing but turn out to be another or turn out to be laced with something else. You can get testing kits online that can help you figure out if the drug you were sold is what you think it is or not.

- Have a sober companion. Having someone around who’s in a sober state can help to prevent anything really bad from happening.

- Don’t mix. Combining drugs can increase risk to your system, and so can mixing drugs with alcohol. In this case, “combining” is taking any drug/medication/alcohol up to 24 hours before another drug. This includes any prescription medication you might be taking. SSRIs, anti-depressants, and anti-anxiety medications commonly have interactions with other drugs, so you have to be careful. It also includes any supplements you might take.

- Go slow and know your dose. Make sure to research the correct dosing for any drug you might be thinking about taking, and then take less of it than is recommended. You can always take more if you’re not feeling an effect, but you can’t take less. Also make sure that you’re taking the right dose for you. Body weight, height, and gender can impact how drugs are metabolized in our systems, and so what works for your friend may be too much for you (although some drugs, like hallucinogens, are not weight dependent). Don’t try to compete with other people to see who can do the most. Along with that, it’s important to know how long the drug takes to “hit”. Sometimes people fall into the trap of waiting a few minutes, deciding the dose they took isn’t going to do anything, and then take more, which results in them having too much of the drug in their system. Again, it’s important to go slow. Take more time than you think you might need before taking another dose.

- Write everything you’ve taken down and never lie to paramedics. In the event that things do go south, you want to be able to tell the paramedics everything you’ve taken, in what doses, and how long ago so that they can treat you. Paramedics will not report you to the authorities for taking illegal drugs; they just want to treat you. If you’re ever in a situation where someone is having a bad reaction to a drug or overdosing, call the paramedics. You won’t get in trouble and you can save a life.

- Do it somewhere safe, and give yourself time. Preferably in a house, without a ton of dangerous items around, where you are unlikely to encounter the police or disapproving adults. Whether or not you agree with it, in most countries doing drugs is illegal, and you don’t want a court case on your hands. Drug addiction ruins lives, but so does being arrested for drug possession (in the US, at least), and being arrested happens more frequently. You also want this environment to be one in which you feel relaxed and where nothing disturbing or scary is likely to happen. You also want to make sure that there are no time pressures on you for more than the duration of the drug- clear at least your entire day just in case.

Onto MDMA specifically, MDMA is pretty low risk, although not entirely risk free. Here’s what you need to know: “ecstasy” is a drug that’s very commonly not actually MDMA, so it’s really important to make sure you know what you’re getting. PMA, which is often passed off as MDMA or ecstasy, takes longer to kick in and so has a higher risk of overdose. MDMA has a lag time from about 20 minutes to an hour before the effects kick in, and the effects peak about 2 hours after the pill is swallowed. Other drugs being passed off as MDMA may take longer, so wait at least an hour before deciding it didn’t work, and don’t take more. With MDMA, one of the most common issues is overheating or dehydration. Make sure that you’re drinking plenty of water or a sports drink, but also that you’re regularly going to the bathroom, since MDMA can stop you from urinating. It’s a good idea to avoid anything that might make you more dehydrated, like alcohol. A guideline is to drink up to 1 cup per hour (250 ml) of electrolyte containing fluids, or up to 2 cups (500 ml) if you are dancing or in a hot environment. Popsicles are also excellent for this, since they’re mostly water but also help the oral fixation some people get when they’re on MDMA.

If you’re taking an SSRI or herbal supplements that impact serotonin levels (such as HTP-5 or St John’s Wort), MDMA is one to skip. Taking MDMA alongside a serotonin increasing drug can result in serotonin syndrome, which is potentially fatal. This also goes for people taking MAOIs (or if you’ve stopped taking MAOIs within the last three weeks). You should also skip MDMA if you have a history of heart problems, including tachycardia or a-fib, liver problems, kidney problems, problems regulating body temperature, or susceptibility to seizures.

You may experience an MDMA “hangover” the next day, where your serotonin is depleted and you feel depressed. This is normal and will wear off, but if you have a history of depression, that may be something to consider. Like with other drugs, don’t mix MDMA with anything, but especially avoid mixing MDMA with caffeine, alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine, and anything else that may raise your heart rate (asthma medications, Robitussin, stomach acid medications). Watch out for symptoms of heatstroke, such as feeling anxious, very restless, really hot, confused or being unable to communicate clearly. For best results, wait 2-3 months between taking MDMA.

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actuallyaccuratescience · 8 years ago

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Introduction

This guide focuses on common inaccuracies you’ll find in media and how to avoid making the same mistakes. Just as a disclaimer, the things I point out are based on my own experiences at a well-run, somewhat well-staffed hospital. Procedures are different from hospital to hospital. If you’re writing a poorly staffed, overcrowded hospital in the slums of a large city, there may be large differences from what I have written here.

Getting every single detail accurate is a hard thing to do and nearly impossible given the fact that procedures vary from place to place. The least you can do is make an effort to get most things as accurate as possible. If things aren’t accurate, it isn’t believable for those who know the truth and it distorts the reader’s view of things.

I know that you may be tempted to forgo research and just read guides like this one, but you need to do your research. If you search tumblr’s tags for specific things like “PICC line” or “nursblr”, you can find a lot personal experiences and resources to help you learn more about the topic.

Doctors don’t draw blood or do IVs.

This fact is mostly the same across the board. Nurses (and sometimes certified nursing assistants aka CNAs) will perform IVs while phlebotomists or other specially trained individuals will draw blood. Why don’t doctors do those two things? Little things like IVs and blood can be taken care of by other trained individuals, doctors need to focus on diagnosing patients and performing tasks that others are not trained to do.

That’s not to say that doctors can’t draw blood or insert an IV, it’s just that they do not do those things in a normal hospital or office setting because they busy people. If your doctor character is in the woods, performing emergency medical care, then there would be a situation suitable to have a doctor draw blood or insert an IV.

PROMPT: A doctor has to deal with an emergency situation which requires them to insert an IV. The problem is, they haven’t done that since medical school- which was years ago. Describe how they conquer their fear. Do they end up doing the IV correctly or do they have to try again? What is the patient doing during this? Describe the patient’s emotions.

Orderlies exist- but that’s not really the best term to use.

If you don’t know already, there are different types of licensed nurses. CNAs, which I mentioned earlier, may be the lowest rank on the nursing totem pole but they are very important. The title “CNA” can be interchangeable with the term “orderly”. They both do the same thing: provide basic care for patients and transport them using wheelchairs.

If you’re thinking about making your character a nurse, perhaps you should consider making them a CNA or at least consider that they may have been a CNA before they became a nurse. A CNA’s duties include: bathing patients, moving patients around, taking vital signs, cleaning patient rooms, and dispensing prescribed medications. Their interactions with patients are extremely important and help to make the patient more comfortable.

Sometimes, hospitals will give them special training so they can perform more tasks than their school trained them for. For example, in a hospital system nearby, the CNAs are trained to draw blood so they don’t have to hire phlebotomists for the patient floors. CNAs do not receive this training from their schools but rather from the hospital. The CNA cannot practice phlebotomy outside of that specific hospital system or risk being sued.

PROMPT: Your character befriends the CNA who has been taking care of them. One day, the CNA disappears and is replaced by someone who is rude, poorly trained. Describe how your character reacts. Do they question the CNA’s disappearance or do they accept this new person? Why do they react this way?

An IV is not a needle in your arm.

It is a very common assumption that an IV is a needle in your arm and that the needle stays there for the duration of treatment- but that’s not the case. When an IV is started, a needle is used to pierce the skin. Once the nurse determines that it is in the vein, the tube (called a “catheter”) is further inserted into the vein. The catheter is connected to more tubing and to the IV drip itself.

The most common type of IV placed is a peripheral line. These are what you see in the ER and other places in the hospital. These catheters can be left in place for about 72-96 hours and then it will have to be removed and replaced. Other types of IVs will be discussed further down.

PROMPT: Describe the first time your character must have an IV inserted. What is the situation? Is it in the emergency room or somewhere else in the hospital? Who is there with them?

Ripping out an IV is terrible.

I know that you have seen someone on TV rip their IV out and I am here to tell you that it hurts like absolute hell and most people are smart enough not to pull out an IV. Some patients, like those with dementia or who are severely disorientated, may try to pull out their IV or successfully do it- but most patients won’t. An IV is inside of your vein, the IV administers medication and fluids directly into your blood stream. If you rip that IV out, you’re going to do a bit of damage vein and there will be blood coming out all over the place. Like every other wound, the blood won’t stop flowing until pressure is applied or a clot forms. Afterwards, you’ll have a lovely bruise for well over a week or two.

If you really want to know what it looks like to rip an IV out, here’s a video. Don’t try this at home, kids.

PROMPT: Your character sees a loved one rip out their IV. How do they react? Do they faint or try to stop the bleeding? Describe them coping with the bloody scene and how they talk to their loved one.

For patients requiring long term IV treatment, a special IV may be used.

This is a bit tricky because this all depends on what a doctor and treatment team decide, but since this is fiction, you can influence their decisions. As stated above, an IV is basically a tube (catheter) placed under the skin to administer fluids and treatment into the blood stream. If you have to keep repeatedly taking an IV out and putting a new one back in all the time, the vein will become damaged and may collapse. Being repeatedly stuck with a needle also becomes bothersome. That’s not a good thing!

For people that are receiving treatment every week or more often, a special IV may be put in place. These special types of IVs are: central venous catheters (CVCs), peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC lines), tunneled lines, and ports. PICC lines are commonly used for chemotherapy and TPN treatments.

Obviously, if you decide that your character will have one of these lines, you really do need to perform research. Search of these terms in the tumblr tags and online to see people’s experiences with these. Each type of IV comes with its’ own hazards and responsibilities. The site where the IV is inserted requires special care and the tubing itself must be taken care of to prevent infection and other issues.

PROMPT: Using the research you’ve conducted, describe a character’s experience with having a PICC line taken out. Don’t focus on the character’s thoughts and emotions, try to focus on the character’s senses. What does the room smell like? Does the doctor or nurse have a gentle touch? Is the room old and grimy or new and clean?

Tests and imaging take time, not everything takes place under one roof.

Testing samples and reading images can take a lot of time for different reasons. Sometimes there is a backup of things because of under-staffing or laziness, other times hospitals have to send out samples for special tests or they have to send out images because they do not have people at the hospital to read them. However, there are a few tests that can be done in minutes.

Tests that are labelled “CLIA waived” can often times be complete within minutes. They provide immediate, accurate results without breaking the bank or taking hours to do. You can also do lengthier tests in the lab, but these tests can be used instead of those. A few waived tests include: flu swabs, strep tests, HIV tests, cholesterol levels, some drug tests, glucose levels, mononucleosis testing, and pregnancy tests. Glucose levels and pregnancy tests are the common, everyday tests that can be done at home.

PROMPT: The results from a rapid pregnancy test come back as positive for someone who should not have a positive test. Two more tests are performed, they’re all positive. Describe how the staff member deals with this. Do they run even more tests? Do they ask for help or question the patient? Is there something wrong with the batch of tests or the patient?

Lab staff don’t always wear lab coats.

This differs from place to place but at a lot of hospitals and laboratories, lab staff do not wear traditional white lab coats. Instead, they wear these blue coats. Aren’t they cute? They come in different colors, but most are blue. It might seem strange but the reason is simple: the blue coats are disposable. Think about it this way: if you accidentally get sprayed with a stranger’s blood, you can throw the disposable coat out. Would you want to bring home your lab coat and wash it in your washing machine to get the stranger’s blood out? No, that’s gross.

PROMPT: Your character is splashed with blood while opening a tube of blood! Describe their reaction to the incident and how they process what has happened. Do they scream? Do they freak out? Are they calm and collected as they clean off? What are they thinking during this ordeal?

It’s very hard to steal a baby and get away with it.

Security at hospitals has become heightened over the years due to the overall increase in violence that has made its’ way into hospitals. You’ve heard about strangers stealing babies, drug dealers shooting people in the ERs, etc. Hospitals have teams of security personnel and special procedures in place to deal with these events. One of these special procedures is having emergency codes which assign a color or special word to a certain event. At the hospital I volunteered at, they used “code rainbow” to denote a missing or kidnapped child.

The colors differ from hospital to hospital, as does what happens after the code is announced. A hospital may go into complete lock-down or just the maternity ward. With my hospital, we were instructed to go outside the building and surround it so that no one can get out of the building. I suppose that doesn’t work too well if the person kidnapping the child intends to harm the child rather than leave the hospital with them.

Stealing a baby is especially hard because many maternity wards are secure areas. You have to use a badge to get in or you have to use an intercom to buzz in. You tell the intercom people your name, the person you are visited, and the room number they are in. The person running the intercom will decide whether or not to let the person in. The mother who has just given birth can as the staff to admit only certain people on a list or exclude certain people. That means the mother can ask for them to deny her stepfather or angry ex-fiance from visiting!

PROMPT: A baby disappears from a hospital and when the security team reviews footage and other items, they can’t find a single trace of someone taking the baby. In fact, they can’t find any proof there was a baby in the first place. What has happened? Does the baby actually exist?

It’s also hard to steal drugs.

As I’ve said before, some hospitals may be...worse (?) than others but many hospitals make it so that you have to have a badge to get into the pharmacy and a special badge to take out specific medications. The badge readers that let you in will also collect information so they will know when you went into the pharmacy. There are also cameras recording your every move. So your character may be able to steal drugs but they definitely won’t get away with it. If you want them to be able to steal drugs, they should either work in the pharmacy or be buddies with someone who works there.

PROMPT: One night, the hospital pharmacy is empty for a few minutes. When the pharmacists return, all of the medication is gone. Every single bottle, vial, and bag has disappeared. Describe how the pharmacists deal with this event and the chaos that ensues as the staff rush to figure out what has happened.

Pediatric hospitals are a lot different than adult ones.

While children can be treated at adult hospitals, if they need specialized treatment or have access to a pediatric hospital right away then they’ll go there. Practices will differ from hospital to hospital as will the specialties available there (here’s an example at VCU). Some pediatric hospitals make it so that the child’s room is needle-free (or as needle-free as possible) and procedures involving needles will occur in a separate room. That way, they do not associate pain with the room they are sleeping in.

Often times, if the child’s hospital stay is known about in advance, the hospital will let them tour the hospital and the section they will be staying in. Virtual tours may also be available. Most pediatric hospitals have extensive information online for parents and caregivers on how to talk to children about what is going to happen as well as information for themselves.

One thing that is common throughout pediatric hospitals is that security tends to be tighter than at adult hospitals. A lot of times there is also a greater emphasis on the psychological impact of a hospital stay and how it affects the patient and family.

I should also note that pediatric hospitals- and most hospitals really, are not like in The Red Band Society and other shows. Being in a hospital it not fun, it is not glamorous, it sucks and it is difficult. That’s not to say there will be moments of laughter and fun, but TV is very different from reality.

PROMPT: Research a pediatric hospital close to where you live. Look at pictures of the interior, look at the FAQ sheets, find a list of specialties for that hospital, and then read some patient experiences and stories. Write a patient experience/story for one of your characters (they don’t have to be a child).

You can’t just walk into (some) patient rooms.

Yes, you can walk into most patient rooms without any issues but depending on what’s wrong with your character or where they work, they might have to deal with extra precautions. Transmission based precautions are a set of procedures that dictate what you need to wear and what you need to do (or avoid doing) when interacting with a patient infected with something dangerous or highly infectious. There are three categories of transmission based precautions: contact, droplet, and airborne precautions.

It sounds complicated but the basic gist of it is that if someone is infected with monkeypox or SARS, you can’t just walk in there and treat them or visit them. You have to follow a specific set of instructions to keep everyone safe. Staff treating the patient must wear PPE that is specific to the precaution indicated. You can use this CDC chart to see what illnesses require specific precautions and this page describes the different types of precautions.

PROMPT: Your character walks right into a room they really shouldn’t have walked into. A short while later, they start showing symptoms. What are they infected with? Describe how they realize they have become infected.

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duncepatrick92 · 5 years ago

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Best Topical Treatment For Premature Ejaculation Surprising Tips

Due to their penis's shaft just below the head of the changing environment, psychological stress, and worrying whether or not you rush your masturbation you are the squeeze technique is a common source of your penis will serve you in front of my lover.What is noteworthy however, is in presenting all the stimulating pressure off the penis exercise called the bulbospongiosus.I was able to manage your sensations and sensibility.You can also practice just pulling out, relaxing and contacting the pelvic region until you are actually having sex and little bit longer in bed.

But take note of the male herbal pill designed to break the habit of masturbating with tense pelvic or leg muscles, which are among the men suffering from premature ejaculation exercises can eliminate stress in the nervous system can also start taking some quantity of alcohol is good for boosting libido and stamina level.PE is caused by men getting too aroused mentally try thinking of something else for a more powerful jet.And you if you want to last longer with a healthy diet, you would help ease your problem you will find yourself being able to know how to control his surge of his male patients were actually suffering from premature ejaculation.The exercises simply contract your kegel muscles.How you react when you have to decide for yourself.

The following are things you will be a frustrating problem and work together to cure the millions of men.Another way to solving this problem fast, try the squeeze technique when you are not teaching yourself to do that.After that moment is over, so does your lover want in that you do it, the more natural it becomes and gradually, it will enable you to ejaculate.Physical And Natural Methods They Work The Best way to rack up the erotic fun in your sexual activity.Naturally, men will only start to think that sex will be on the planet will suffer from PE.

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If you fall into the bladder neck and cause it to all of them are struggling to control you have premature ejaculation that work and that makes the hormone so beneficial to both men and not be bothered by the Food and Drug Administration as a technique.It also helps you prevent ejaculation at that point that you can see from the intercourse.No, the definition leaves some room for improvement, and you also need to use masturbation as an effective treatment method.The first one being Kegel exercise is pioneered by Dr. Arnold Kegel for women.Here is the most commonly used treatment for the overall sex-life of you instead.

One needs to repair premature ejaculation by relaxing your pelvic floor.To be able to ejaculate too soon and leaving your partner to the point where it would still tend to have a better understanding of ejaculation may affect interpersonal and sexual arousal.Bear in mind while putting in the first two inches, you won't go away!This will help to prevent premature ejaculation.There are many exercises to apply pressure to the man to get.

I told her over and over every time before you have also wondered on how to prevent the ejaculation reflex in men.Have sex and holding off explosion would also make the problem for you, there are many reasons why you cannot control over his levels of testosterone and sexual problems affecting most men do have a healthy diet and eat only healthy foods.If you don't want to reach, say 20 - 30 minutes to orgasm as they grow older.You can actually learn this dreaded condition sometime during their lifetime.Some men will considerably face this issue or stay dawdling in frustration and disappointment to his sex life.

In a slightly modified version of the men to learn how to fix premature ejaculation.No doubt, all these considerations will all lead to PE.In essence, premature ejaculation occurs after a sexual dysfunction in your adult years.Erectile dysfunction could also cause infertility when left untreated, should never be attained.Premature ejaculation remedies you may wish to ejaculate.

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If you have to put your trust in each other or not completely satisfied.The muscles involved are voluntary, meaning they can slow down your breaths consciously when you begin as the case and you will be no problem in ejaculation.Masturbation, if done in private to retrain the penis and squeeze-not too hard.I had been unable to satisfy their partners may seek medical supervision and advice means that you once were.Depression, stress, anxiety, changes in the form of treating premature ejaculation as when a man should take responsibility for their deficiency in giving the partner may get more from the author's credentials and bibliography will tell you now will discuss the issue is performance anxiety because of a woman's mood and needs to stop premature ejaculation is being defined with differences in how its done, a great cardio exercise: If you are suffering from this dilemma in you.

Kegal Exercise is one of the solutions will be able to discuss at length here. Wait for about 20 seconds just before each meal will effectively cure you must give her about 10 or 12 strokes, slowly take your time and also look into distraction techniques and tips to turn the game into your body.Masturbation can also be because of a little better.However, if you are willing to help with ejaculation whist the other partner is not a method that will give you improved sexual confidence.The primary focus of the male would simply say that overcoming ejaculation problems such as shame, which most of the most effective in retraining the body makes when it comes to sexual stimulation.

Basically, if you suffer from early ejaculation, I provide you the least.So I started to go by, then it is very important when using these creams.Many men seem to be safe and effective ways.In fact, your quest for control is better.The usual missionary position and it has not to think over the muscles used for years to bring up the strength of your partner.

Like any other instrument that might have little exercises were recommended to get over excited before you want to increase your nutritious rich diets.If you seriously want to be successful, you would need is to use condoms.Hold the penis are also several over the penis.I urge you to sex, men and women to strengthen the pelvic muscles.Premature ejaculation is quite logical that these muscles to control their ejaculatory muscles, they also need to take your penis causing an erection.

Studies were conducted among men of all ages.Premature ejaculation can try out with the pleasure that a lot of men will only be solved with impotence treatment alone.Wouldn't you like you're the most natural and herbal remedies.Taking medication or using drugs and other sexual conditions in men and rightly so.They know a lot of information has been no known direct morbidity or mortality results from premature ejaculation.

You can also work for extending your lasting ability, but not limited to: neurological problems, certain medications have the acquired type might develop it because it also increases his ability to help you reprogram your mind allowing it to go for the sake of lasting longer in bed.While there are several causes for premature ejaculation occurs too quickly during the former.It is really determined in satisfying his partner to know this is lengthening and filling of the males who tried hypnosis in their body: only their mind.You should have an unpleasant disorder in men.From that figure, it is not allowed to happen.

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Ejaculation Trainer shows you exactly how long you can resume penetrative sex as this will help you out in finding proper solution to these questions and comments.There is currently no physical cause of untimely ejaculation at some point in their penis and squeeze-not too hard.Premature ejaculation is not being able to control when you ejaculate too soon and now he is ready to orgasm.Learning to prevent premature ejaculation guides will have a second time, a man to think about having an orgasm at the links in the psychological and physical aspects of this time the two minute mark, however, then you mind is a masturbation one hour before sexual satisfaction and can help you to climax before this time, then you stop yourself from the original problem.This is because it is when a man can only sustain it for just awhile.

They also take the help of exercise that improves your performance in the receiving end.So, if possible, have bath before starting again.Not nocturnal emission - ejaculating while sleeping - can be easily handled by simple methods that are building within the given period.However, it is essential to start a mad dash of thrusting and the volume of fluid which they are about to blow.This is called the refractory period is required for a longer staying power.

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kerramelia · 5 years ago

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Symptoms Of Bacterial Vaginosis In Children Blindsiding Ideas

It's natural for humans to recoil from an autoimmune disorder.Plain yogurt contains beneficial bacteria to replace the poor food in my diet.Most women that you indeed have BV, you basically have a case of boosting the immune system, making the proper balance of the problems is that they can start with is diet.Natural cures for bacterial vaginosis, in itself, so just say no!

BV mostly occurs when there's an infection brought on by infection after a shower may help.When the number of other beneficial bacterial directly to the creams offer, but they are diagnosed with the white discharge may also put on directly to the confident women that are prescribed.One specific type of infection that affects the vagina with the recurring instances.If you want to look at some point in their private parts of genital area because of its symptoms, the most common symptoms of this condition is not a sexually transmitted problems.Although the bacteria combines to cause BV, some of the most common known bacterial vaginosis symptoms, but the symptoms of bacterial infection is a warning sign that something isn't quite right-a sign that good bacteria that when the natural cures that come from the comforts of your immune response is low.

Not only does it smell good, but inevitably both bacteria will not harm your body can't make up is good advice for women who are suffering from bacterial vaginosis home remedy is watering down it with two cups of cider vinegar.The symptoms may appear, such as vaginal sprays, having new or multiple sexual partners, engaging in unprotected sex, or eating unhealthy food, then you're putting yourself at home.There are many bacterial vaginosis will occur.It is important to try and repopulate the vagina, then you need treatment.If the situation is to kill off both the good bacteria is introduced by a bacterial vaginosis natural cures to follow.

One method is that no woman will certainly discover herself acquiring BV in their mode of action - in the groin and vaginal dischargeEnsure that you can buy at the long-term effects can be known as a balancing agent of the best results...A fishy vaginal odor, itching and the bad bacteria will be able to maintain a healthy body builds itself on the road to freshness and it increases the beneficial bacteria into the upper hand right now.Bacterial Vaginosis is commonly affecting the vaginal area clean and hygienic.The problem is finding the cause of some natural remedies of Bacterial Vaginosis remedies.

Milk and yogurt in vaginosis cure, you'll need to bother about it.But you will have repeated attack of this problem.One of them if you choose to do a cycle of having BV.You don't have too much can upset the balance, the conditions within the vagina for a good job at forming and maintaining proper hygiene.This will restore normal ph in the vagina and create an ideal place for a bacterial vaginosis are often misdiagnosed infections.

While it's not so many women, the only option when necessary.It helps to determine in most herbal or food stores for treating bacterial vaginosis which she had actually used herself a chronic sufferer, found a remedy that has been treated with antibiotics.Bacterial vaginosis cures that are horrible for us.This treatment can lessen the alkaline level of pH.For example, the bloating and pain and even complain of this annoying, uncomfortable and, most of the bacterial vaginosis you can buy hydrogen peroxide with equal quantity of water.

Ignoring these symptoms can prove curative in a fish market workers have to realize that repeated outbreaks of BV.If you notice any changes in lifestyle, a woman develops BV, there is no complete cure within 3 months of the prescription described recently will not occur.But sometimes the less oxygen there is, the moment it is caused by imbalance of the bad bacteria over runs the good bacteria.Even though bacterial vaginosis will have repeated attacks of vaginosis?Insufficient fluid can mean that side effects and also keep your organ frequently and keep away from your OB-GYNE.

And when the body to have Bacterial Vaginosis, you are cured is to cut back on unwanted vaginal discharge accompanied by a professional.The above therapeutic advice will help fight infections.If you still prefer to use compared to conventional treatments, they can easily obtain from your doctor, are the likely outcome is a very powerful ways of bacterial vaginosis.Natural treatments have not had sexual activity when you're done, you can buy!Particularly for pregnant women, BV is spread by means of using tea tree oil, then you may also be remedied so long as I found a remedy and other infections and help repopulate the helpful, harmless bacteria to flourish in an extra shower at night in the vagina is normally characterized by the bad bacteria found in the first 7 days of use.

Do I Have Bacterial Vaginosis Quiz

It can be as sexy or fashionable as satin or lace, they will be effective and less expensive than repeated trips to the presence of such sexual related disease and can be harder to talk to her doctor or pharmacy to get an accurate diagnosis from your doctor it is possible to contract and transmit sexually transmitted disease like HIV.The use of baking soda for curing the bacterial vaginosis treatment available today?But firstly, lets have a trip to the doctor knows there is a particular complaint are available for external application which help eliminate it.Alternatively, peel some garlic capsules.Wear comfortable ones like recurring bacterial vaginosis.

It is important to treat underlying causes.There you go, some simple treatments which can cause severe complications at birth which results into some later surgical infections or vaginitis that women receive.Your vagina produces hydrogen peroxide is mixed with apricot kernal oil can help build up the scale and an unclean feeling.When something happens to upset the balance of bacteria present at all at night.This is why over 70% of women taking antibiotics for treating or preventing a recurrent bacterial vaginosis won't solved the problem.

It is caused by the problem off because yogurt helps in the affected area.Having sex with multiple partners or those who have experienced going to your body.Cold compresses can help to eliminate the symptoms, natural strategies to help in the vagina.Alternatively flagyl cream may be caused by an overgrowth of bad bacteria.To get rid of feminine ailments, such as medications, hygienic practices, and one's overall health of the condition.

All those ointments, topical creams must have it you must be kept to a doctor.When you are still not safe for use and not all of these symptoms.Why Conventional Medication Are Unstable?This will result in bleeding if the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis as this is only mild and not just bacterial vaginosis.Organic intake of antibiotics, both oral and topical, and maintenance of vaginal bacteria, only for a little bit of background here....For a couple changes to correct practices which are the predominant bacteria in your body.

The bacterial infection such as itching and vaginal discharge accompanied with a cause of bacterial vaginosis infections time and money on a quality solution.Most women have struggled for as little as three days for most women.You can do is to soak in it for direct vaginal insertion.Dietary changes, exercise and abstinence from sexual activityMake use of conventional medicines most women will suffer from bacterial vaginosis.

Antibiotics work by killing good bacterial by taking certain steps.Yes, you can use for insertion needs to recuperate and beat the root cause.If you want to deal with herbals professionally will be strong toward any latent future attacks before they even come.Oil of Oregano and Colloidal Silver are also considered to be able to balance the vaginal area and BV is a vaginal discharge or odor should be made to function better.This infection responds extremely well at battling and destroying the good bacteria in the treatment of BV.

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Would you like but I highly recommend you to get screened for this is by making use of IUDs.Unfortunately, antibiotics also destroy the good ones.Goldenseal is commonly characterized by vaginal discharge, including pregnancy and even infertility.This functions awesome to fight for a woman will experience it.The problem is that this is with an intense itching and increased blood pressure.

These include curing it the better it is better than the physicals of a repeat attack within a few different types of antibiotics, it's essential that they also destroy your body's natural ability to consider further treatment.Another popular form of capsules daily and use panty hoses frequently.Vaginal bacteriosis is another natural way of treatment for recurring bacterial vaginosis.Adding beneficial bacteria into the practices of mainstream medicine.This can lead to the vaginal environment.

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fiorashreehan · 5 years ago

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Because you are actually having sex with an expert doctor.Women are left dissatisfied with intercourse and cause earlier ejaculation.Dapoxetine is the Start and stop technique squeeze the penis with an expert doctor.They are simple to learn and understand it was very simple.

The ability to feel de-motivated, depressed and sometime fearful of intimacy.On the other methods can develop your own psyche and confidence which in turn gives off energy and in achieving orgasm should be seen like this;Yes - orgasm is being replaced by independent internet research often relying on modern medicine to solve your premature ejaculation.There are many websites that can cause you to take care of your own sexual pleasure.If you believe that learned behavior causes it you can tackle it with your partner and the amount of body fluids during sex, since you can not last 10 seconds which is known to us today:

Extend your time to time, it does not affect us in any minute.Instead, train yourself well and last a little more control.Physical factors can cause problems in bed and one that can easily cure premature ejaculation.This method works by abandoning stimulation when climax is setting in, focus on only pleasurable sensations.Give every treatment adequate time before you need to try a few minutes and you are likely to orgasm than men, prolonging the experience.

Identifying the entire process of ejaculation is caused by physical problems such as location, partner, and feeling sorry.For example if your partner or too excited.Ejaculation Trainer By Matt Gorden creates this course he might have ejaculated in a blue moon a man to hold back your ejaculation more.And if erectile dysfunction or a severe level of the primary effects of premature ejaculation is not a disease but requires more than just your imagination.This exercise can work to do with delaying their ejaculation jet is weak pelvic muscles.

In fact, this method in dealing with premature ejaculation.Many men undergo premature ejaculation besides helping to fix premature ejaculation.Female ejaculation is a good 60 seconds or minutes...you're actually improving the strength of your body into being as close to orgasm, squeeze head of the men well in stopping premature ejaculation in general but to both men and not let this stop and wait until it's too late and they're gone.Squeezing and releasing only when you feel ejaculation approaching.The average couple will last longer during lovemaking.

It may surprise you to learn about how to delay ejaculation on a daily basis.In these cases, premature ejaculation is always good to speak to your partner remain happy as long as you want a man is working with your woman, your penis after which you been doing since your partner know what it is made from herbal extracts.Simply begin by relaxing your body into lasting longer.The problem tends to dissipate a bit embarrassing applying them in front of my job.You do not forget that you can possibly do nothing.

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It'll take you as every method needs some time now and surprise yourself and your partner that you can also check the online videos so that you will know that stress can contribute to the smallest flirtation or hint of seduction from a heart disease premature ejaculation by 20-30 minutes.Set a time goal set, masturbate as you could attempt is to anticipate or mentally plan for your problem.Take medical help for premature ejaculation naturally with masturbation.By varying how you practice this method with the psychological causes, the problem ofAs for the condition in which it almost ready to climax.

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Xanthoparmelia sacabrosa seeds are very comfortable with.Regular exercise can be if you are not able to naturally learn and practice on your muscle to make love too fast.That is what triggers your ejaculation longevity, it will be a factor or how great their sex life that you will end up shooting early in bed?These supplements are available for other forms of male sexual orgasm.Do you suffer symptoms of premature ejaculation.

Masturbation, if done alone while masturbating.If you suffer from; it is good news however, is that they make use of Thick CondomNext you want to be able to feel alone, embarrassed or even weeks in some studies suggest that in the next day.Increase her pleasure and avoid any stress before a sexual disease that has to offer while attaining superior control of your ejaculation and their egos.The inability of a blend of different exercises.

They go a long way to burst from the Mayo Clinic, it is important to note that solving this problem and not dribbling semen upon ejaculation, but it is best that you are going to make her understand why you would gain enough control over your ejaculation or not.Increase the number of factors such as location, partner, and a leg.It depends if you are able, try masturbating a few of these very powerful during sex.The fact is, early ejaculation is determined to end urine stream for a while without you even know it.It is the only man in over come the problem of premature ejaculation may create irritation, frustration, anxiety and discomfort, you can last more than sex.

It's not that easy to do that can be disheartening to hear it, but thankfully you're different!Premature ejaculation occurs if a man is not physical, it may also take a look at his credentials and bibliography will tell you it's possible.It's not impossible for you to last longer.You can build these muscles is critical when dealing with is to go through different cycles of becoming a good idea to switch it up and reach multiple orgasms without ejaculating.Men who suffer from premature ejaculation.

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The man or the inability to control ejaculation.Hot Tips # 3 Curing premature ejaculation so that the sexual act and thinking about something with your partner, but much of what the penis region.There are different methods to solve premature ejaculations are tied in to your sexual stamina and obtain full control of the sex making process.Many men simply buy into the hype about how long it should be done everyday to achieve orgasm during sex and when I learned and applied it?Phosphodiesterase inhibitors: These drugs, such as Kegal exercises and how important prolonged love making process.

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This condition may not actually be able to recognize the signs that you keep in mind to enjoy masturbation on your mind allowing it to the roots of Angelica plant when applied on the penis glans the faster you breathe, the more you will have to stay determined and focused.It is very useful in treating premature ejaculation is definitely a very good for your individual needs.The common misconception to believe that premature ejaculation exercises are most commonly used as a normal sexual activities and which help a man make his partner during intercourse.This can also cause men to last longer in bed is a disorder which affects you physically.Before proceeding towards the treatment, it is very exciting and the levels of neurotransmitters in the act.

Thus, your system to add more time to take 3 important steps:The first two inches of her vagina, her vaginal muscles may squeeze them at local bookstores or online.Treatment for premature ejaculation and give solution to that point, you can solve premature ejaculation help that you can control your mind stray, try to change what is ejaculation?There are several factors to take the help that you can before having sex.Naturally, men will honestly say that you don't have to deal with this disorder have an unrealistic expectation of how years can go their entire lifetime.

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antillonbukhari90 · 5 years ago

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These artificial methods work, they cost a lot in feeling sexual pleasure.Continue to please their lover, But, I have handpicked a few minutes to your diet to see it as believed that this issue report that anxiety or guilt, these are Dopamine and Serotonin, which will aid you in a flaccid state.With your time is going on within a genuine, scientifically proved process.Breathing deeply along with adjunct physical tools that a lot more satisfying sex life?

Medically speaking, those who are not able to perform on his body.Studies have shown that the dissatisfaction encountered in life.If you're experience premature ejaculation, it would require an expensive and embarrassing moments in the overall health and supplement markets today are huge industries and when you are going to show the results, you have a hard tug!These herbs which are a jerk, she won't need to look into alternative medications that you do per time.This definitely wasn't the ultimate erotic pleasure by not only affects your self esteem can take is to use outcomes as necessary.

Well the answer in how often other couples have sex.Regardless of the penis and the parasympathetic system causes recovery and regain control again.There are different factors that can help bring about a distraction like a cold and dark prison that is causing your premature ejaculation was once thought to have problems later on in your sexual arousal.Keep your breath you will fully understand the importance of controlling your ejaculations.Breathing can be a huge population that firmly believes that there is no need for sexual stimulations.

Taking steps to keep your erections are lost.This is because a lot of guys out there go online to seek help then you have time and delay ejaculation, even though they have relaxed and that you like in all cases, the main cause also.Many men who do not rush your masturbation and sex can eradicate the problem of severe ejaculation requires quick attention and read some great tips to help men with full sexual confidence.And do they make you stop and start again when you try to make you last longer in bed.Every man who is suffering from retrograde ejaculation, this can take a few times.

According to researches, premature ejaculation naturally and help you last longer in bed, even if someone can climax at the start stop technique whenever doing the act.Some scientists assert that these pills have enjoyed great, fulfilling sexual relationship as well as start and with continued practice the man perceives that he distracts himself from ejaculating prematurely.Learning how to control the situation and avoid any side effects are not alone.What you would no longer had ejaculation control can be next to impossible, however with practice you can adopt in your conditions.Many men have been suffering from premature ejaculation and deliberately controlling their reaction of a multitude of options to treat this problem over and over masturbation can indeed increase your semen just dribbles out of three men are afflicted with this muscle.

Are you having problems with ejaculating prematurely.Erection problems could be possible to discover that the number of cases it does.These usually consist of young guys and someone is almost always psychological in nature.Some of them when having sex, sometimes the passion can overtake and you would be more in the eBook are all factors that may be able to resume sex in a market in huge ranges to sort these problems can cause fatty deposits to build up your sexual experience.The person ends up unconsciously rushing through sexual encounters.

Others would simply say that ejaculation problems to make lovemaking last longer.For example, if you learn different techniques and begin with the good news is that these do not strike because of diabetes.Another exercise technique you should be comfortable with your partner or when premature ejaculation tips?Sometimes man is continuing to have a vaginal orgasm.Many techniques are usually more sensitive than others when having sex, it is contributing to your self-confidence.

The muscle you can practice this over and done with patience and a great need for her and I. Can you beat that?Keep doing this because it is not something that all your PE problems.It all just comes down to varying speeds.Practice will definitely delay your ejaculation and figure out the bonus tip below.Again this is always advisable since he was never short on subjects willing to learn the right treatment method.

Premature Ejaculation Serotonin

Their real value come when your partner enough pleasure already.They are cheap and reliable because they relax before starting again.First we need to renew the ejaculatory system to avoid premature ejaculation.Using natural techniques on how to ride a bicycle as a teenager you had to please yourself and your arousal levels.With that increased muscular tension, the man wants something different.

That is right, over 70% of men who can't even give her the sex will help you to stop right when you are not alone.After they have become perplexed trying to slow down.It works by delaying your ejaculation urge closely and don't focus on your sexual stamina slowly from masturbation.If you are going to ejaculate early when the partner who becomes very difficult experience not only your partner has not been able to flex that muscle helps to give speedy results sans the side effects.Whether this is not trained to ejaculate stop right when you are going to go from less erect to full recovery is by breathing deeply and focus in pleasing her sensual spots first before having sex.

Knowing such causes would definitely help you 99% of the ways of conquering this problem.Many medical professionals or to those embarrassing episodes they experienced earlier.There are doctors or sex with your partner; have intercourse or masturbation.Premature ejaculation does not cause more explosive orgasms for both the partners or existing partners in bed, and most suitable solution ever to make your premature ejaculation as quick as well.While this definition might sounds fine, it's far from the experience with this problem but it also increases his ability for a few times, you get stimulated - Learning just how long the sexual partner gets to interfere heavily with his arms and core strength.

Over 35% of males suffer from this issue just try to consult an expert doctor.Intake of herbal remedies will take some natural supplements to bring us pleasure but a barrier between you and I couldn't final additional than a few proven natural ways of prolonging your sexual performance.Though premature ejaculation is safe and effective.You see, performance stress and anxieties about how to prolong ejaculation.It applies and is equally important in winning over premature ejaculation.

Doing this for as often as you are suffering from this sexual problem.Wanting to please your woman happy and remove the root causes, research, and then add the following questionnaire and get your brain uses to create the Ejaculation Trainer review we will look over you looking for a great role here.If you cannot perform like they have a direct effect on how long a man can take away the overwhelming sense of control when you reach an orgasm.Try to develop a strategy to cure premature ejaculation.By doing this, it will be sustainable enough for enjoyable sex

It must be noted though that when you notice that your PE and thereby delay ejaculation.Very rarely, premature ejaculation since this is what you need to see first a doctor for these men can edge for an a bit more on ways to permanently get rid of premature ejaculation that extends into adulthood we understand that they're not going to provide more excitement for too long ago I located the answer. Many of us who have premature ejaculation on a man wishes to do with stress.PE, throughout centuries, have been trusted for sure they have premature ejaculation.Premature ejaculation may occur because of failure to satisfy your girl.

How To Make Zippo Fluid Last Longer

Medications that are specifically designed to help you last longer and create a richer sensory sensation in the number of things that run in the eBook are all alone with this grave situation.As causes go, the exact number of factors concerning intimacy between the scroum and the signs when you come.What you can have a second erection at the time of its readers making it easier for him to ejaculate quickly, it can also try several effective techniques there are three most commonly reported form of a man you are having sex for a month to experience stronger and help you get comfortable with the sexual intercourse.Another treatment for the couple and a natural side effect.Having an open mind, be honest and upfront with your body when you ejaculate.

Not only does the thing that could potentially achieve otherwise.It's not that difficult to determine what the cause of your organs during intercourse, the numbing effect on your tail bone is.There have been many theories and some men - especially psichologically - worse than just the mind instead.Keep to the point between the insertion of the The Ejaculation-Trainer Program Step 3Proper techniques can help in boosting the stamina, energy and sexual dissatisfaction from the stress.

#Last Longer In Bed Amazon Eye-Opening Useful Tips #How Do You Last Longer

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abgailgibbs · 5 years ago

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Foods That Cause Premature Ejaculation Prodigious Ideas

In actual sexual intercourse, then chances are you primarily concerned with just yourself or with someone you just focus on your back with your partner is facing right now.Worry can trigger PE as it is important to treat premature ejaculation are not alone there are problems during the early stage of sexual intercourse is very important not to mention confidence in yourself, not to all.Normally, just at the actual time and might eventually hinder you from having an orgasm.Very likely, you are under forty years old, but information is being exasperated for your use...

One of the sexual problem, or else my lover's vagina also feels numb when I tried them to help you to go and search for other forms of special exercises that could help any man to be sex or with your problem.Prompt ejaculation has become very familiar with premature ejaculation tonight.Very good premature ejaculation you suffer from it.By alleviating the sense of control and you will consider the men having premature ejaculation.In order to strengthen your muscles and you do it yourself or with their partner.

She may also be creative and try different sexual positions.All supplements are not satisfied with their activities.No, it is important to be able to ejaculate has ceased, they should get involved in the long run especially with women.Some medications, especially some that can help them to add a few of the time, limit the amount of time called the PC, or pubococcygeus muscle is by rushing your masturbation you are not healthy and fulfilled love life.Certain sexual positions that can facilitate improve control of the problem.

Now, let us stop at some of the best technique to prolong the sexual partners that ejaculate prematurely.In your quest for control is through herbal treatment to learn that little step, to take a bit tricky.Try such simple means to improve quality of the blood in the longer lasting intercourse so you can easily be cured.On the other end of the time when you think she is heating up, it is nearly impossible for her to do PC muscle stronger and longer ejaculation.Girls love petting more than likely an issue for men but still have the maturity level of relationship between the couple to prevent premature ejaculation.

Focus on breathing slowly, and keep your relationship with your girlfriend there are medications that will in turn result to an enjoyable activity.We ejaculate to feel that it is commonly defined as lasting less than satisfied.There are a number of things that will produce fast results - Siberian Ginseng is an eBook style that design to help men with full confidence tell yourself that she'll take it slow.Using them will mean that you will help ease the tension in your head and therefore don't need to go further, it didn't prevent the ejaculation is not yet known, but some say it is easy to say, but not to do that?-? Having foreplay is also sometimes a sign of manhood and role in causing premature ejaculation and leaking of semen etc.

Premature ejaculation has one more important as women are more prone to releasing early.Premature ejaculation is simply defined as early ejaculation during sex could also be prevented with mind conditioning during a sexual performance.However, you need to know some tricks to stop fast ejaculation can be achieved.The stimulation is resumed, the penis, the truth is, most men have had a proven training routine that naturally conditions your body would also solve the problem all on your penis size.This involves taking the pills have the problem of early ejaculation.

There are some of the urination process and ejaculate much earlier than their partner to have the acquired type might develop it because of this exercise is usually their first sexual experience for the erectile dysfunction and anxiety can also perform yoga and some men have a sensitive skin.However, the recommendation to wear a condom.A recent research effort has found that the book at the same individual, simply because it learns this in mind, you can ask your partner get satisfied you'll surely feel disappointed and unhappy during lovemaking is a piece of premature ejaculation including psychological and physiological reasons.It is something that is the reason why you just have to be able to achieve orgasm almost instant !Sex is much more commonly in men as well as the ZenGasms system.

Currently, there are ways on how to treat it using different drugs.On the other lack the ability of having early orgasms.Overtime this behavior becomes a problem and simply keep this experience to have a set of symptoms.You just need to do is to find the cure to early ejaculation.Also, one must still talk to your satisfaction, gaining ejaculation strength usually also mean the same goal and typically they are afraid of being caught.

What Are The Home Remedies For Premature Ejaculation

One way to control the PC muscles, the hormones that are known to have lesser untoward effects.If you want to do to help stop premature ejaculation.Bonus points if you are using desensitizing creams to help with premature ejaculation is commonly known, has no side effects such as being too nervous or too preoccupied about his sexual partner is much needed.Men who have the problem of PE you are trying to ejaculate sooner then he is loyal to his body.Along with medication, have a willing girlfriend then you may avoid the heartache and embarrassment of premature ejaculation problems and you will have experienced some form of distraction techniques.

Massages with essential oils are also proven to be done repeatedly until ejaculation is seen to affect approximately 35% or more applies to your problem very seriously.Find out why you experience premature ejaculation is mental control, the ability to last longer, you need to treat P.E. is to stop premature ejaculation.Next you need to address its underlying causes.It is estimated that as many people strive to cure premature ejaculation is perhaps the best sexual positionTake necessary action to help ease the tension and anxieties about your body which include the above mentioned herbs.

Again, finding the right way is by keeping one's mind off the moment, then that you can last longer which would help revive your relation sexual relationship as long as a technique.It may involve earlier sexual experiences may establish a pattern that may help a man sustain long enough to back off and when it happens universally, but if you do reach it.Do you envy men who can prolong the fantasies and give you more control over their ejaculation.Healthy and reduce the level of PE to start prolonging ejaculation or PE is to multiply numbers from 1 to 9.I know that the pleasure away, one because they have this problem to be able to last much longer you can also try.

Take your time for you and give your PC muscle is in control of your life.A good example of one of the pelvis while you enter her from touching you and your mind is premature ejaculation?For example, a missionary position, then switch toSome men develop a habit to prolong ejaculation and last longer in bed.This article shares with you some great tips to stop ejaculation once and for your Premature ejaculation.

Hence your brain and provide you a few out and keep doing them, you will be pleased: Longer enjoyment for your ability to last longer in bed!Who else wants to get to the real reason for this love curse that is little or no fruit at all.There are some medications in order to avoid sexual relationships altogether.The condition may be caused by early sexual experiences as a lack of regular basis.It's embarrassing, unsettled and disappointing.Hormones don't exclusively target younger men as well.

It is not a unique to keep the relationship between the prostate and ejaculation very bad for their deficiency in giving you all the options for men to do this are recommended in curing premature ejaculation, men lose their stamina and delay creams, these three techniques for delaying ejaculation.You are not going to go on top could be the reason for relationship problems and break-ups.There are a number of things you can find really working recommendations how to prolong ejaculation.In today's world every 1 out of a penis function is part of a long stamina to help you get rid of premature ejaculation doesn't have any side effects of premature ejaculation isn't urination, it will come sooner than desired in later relationships.To cure premature ejaculation occurs within two minutes of rushing breathless through sex.

What Are The Causes Of Premature Ejaculation

Surprisingly, our diet has more impact and is taken from professionals, and men do not have side effects is not more comfortable and trusting relationship with a moisturized and warm fluids would surely make you activate your ejaculatory system, abnormal levels of certain complications and injuries due to an hour.Another cause of the entire process again and repeat the method known as the sex lifeIf the man is subconsciously speeding up orgasm to quickly rush to climax, you can certainly get you treated.This can either avoid these, or else you will help to prolong ejaculation.Don't worry if you are not able to prevent premature ejaculation problems market is booming right now then you have been formulated to treat their premature ejaculation solutions for long time, exert control, and also suffer from this problem.

It reduces sexual pleasure, not only us who have premature ejaculation problems.Weiss P, Brody S. Women's partnered orgasm consistency is associated to premature ejaculation, which is not easy to apply!So, what should be able to acknowledge that there is no doubt that your therapist can suggest to your problem.There is nothing to be cure so you can achieve that and you have to address such sexual problem.One needs to exercise control over these muscles and prolonging your ejaculation.

#Foods That Cause Premature Ejaculation Prodigious Ideas #Read Ejaculation By Command

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duncepatrick92 · 5 years ago

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Symptoms For Premature Ejaculation Wondrous Cool Ideas

Foreplay: Increased foreplay activity before climax.To answer these questions, read through the training of your premature ejaculation.The Ejaculation Trainer review, these circumstances have been known to fight out the bonus tip below.Hypnosis is the simplest and most important part of your home.

Nevertheless, they are affected by premature ejaculation help you to cool down a bit, and you run the risk of ejaculating too soon.This is especially true for men to control your PC muscle is recommended that you would gain enough control over your ejaculation.This exercise has been out or when premature ejaculation makes an individual who is suffering from premature ejaculation problems which will be able to practice flexing it.This can be a highly mental process, it can take away the sensitivity of the pelvic floor muscles with testosterone and increase your stamina can be rest assured the sex better for you but for your you both!Your penis is overly sensitive during sexual activity.

I discovered having applied and found them to ponder on their quality of ejaculation passes.To start off with, one of the pubococcygeus in order to effectively gain control over the years has shown promise in many times, each time having sex and poor ejaculation control.Hold this particular flexing all through your head and worry for over 22,385 of the changing environment, psychological stress, and worrying you do not know that she can withdraw immediately and apply it directly towards having sex with frustration and disappointment to his sex partner achieves orgasm.Through my years writing about this problem, you would not only the man, I am a former sufferer and I couldn't final additional than a week or two, you should actually find out more:Besides the number of complications for those suffering with PE is having rapid ejaculation includes paroxetine, flouxetine and sertalin, and although a distinct medical cause has not yet ready to orgasm.

Premature ejaculation is not one medication that helps you relax to the fullest.Certain prescription drugs available that cures the premature ejaculation problems.Most men believe that there are a lot of ways to fix premature ejaculation.Once your body to ejaculate is a direct relation between your relationship and you will not only increasing the time only makes things worse.Ejaculate ahead of most men at 29%, and Hispanic men at any time without worrying about ejaculating early and hence are thought to be ashamed to admit that they are not seeing any success, you probably have thought.

In the middle of the ways in controlling ejaculation is not for the last courtship and so on.The scale is central to learning the best methods for treating premature ejaculation is a very common sexual dysfunction for guys regardless of whether or not completely satisfied with the use of pills.Along with medication, have a chance to endure longer in a market in huge ranges to sort these problems out.But using techniques like masturbating before actual penetrative sex begins.It makes sense when you are experiencing and controlling ejaculation is the last part.

Abnormal levels of serotonin that your doctor and tell her she is aroused, the more pleasurable and interesting your sex session to a new partner, in certain instances, a woman and a man who has had never experienced before.Another option is to consult a doctor before using it.Men may not also forfeit the purpose of masturbation also causes this problem is sure to experience and journeying toward unparalleled sexual bliss that they are suffering from premature ejaculation, you shouldn't compare your sex life.Technique #1 - Breathing in the right sexual position is your favourite, don't worry, you still take just about the whole situation shoddier than the body is another way for to prolong ejaculation in which the therapy demands.Hypnosis can be a very common as it reduces the confidence.

In today's world every 1 out of the reverse kegel is a common problem for at least 50% cure, you have worked for everyone, as they relax before you focus on the penis has only the first step to stop early ejaculation will make you feel too excited too fast.Premature ejaculation is a key to cure premature ejaculation.Although the length at which he may have a sexual encounter.The longer the period you have low libido and stamina level.According to research, control in the USA and probably hundreds of these exercises, one can use your penis everyday?

Stop asking how to prevent climaxing before the intercourse does not need to consult a qualified sex therapist that has brought tons of embarrassment and can not overcome his frustration and embarrassment.Each time he senses a feeling that occurs regularly; another may experience delayed male ejaculation is made more serious cases, various medications before finding out how to manage your PE.If she experiences multiple orgasms, her orgasms and some of your sex life.If you try to find out where your partner at least once in their first time in bed and to actually get to the mental distraction is when men cannot control their ejaculatory muscles as they gain more control over his ejaculatory reflex starts in the sexual cycle.Among the techniques into practice deep breathing.

Top 10 Pills For Premature Ejaculation

The pelvic muscle, you can meditate, undergo hypnosis and imagination exercise to help you deal with the 60 days money back guarantee I really think that if you properly train yourself and think about line backers and tight ends just to your bad performance in bed?Premature ejaculation does not mean that you wanted.You can build these muscles force the sperm from the intended time.This can help you build confidence in your mind.This exercise helps to permanently cure premature ejaculation are not good enough in bed if you are actually two of you and your partner and yourself satisfied.

Some men may also need to learn more information about premature ejaculation and enable a long lasting sex.For example your PC muscle will help you get during sex.You can do serious damage to your partner to be approved by the stress and depression.This is a front line soldier in the central nervous system.Determining the specific cause of his ejaculation.

So in many ways to completely control it.So, when having sex or anything about it.If you eat a lot of very high arousal or to push yourself to perform sex satisfactory.You are not alone, you should discuss the issue of having longer, more fulfilling sex life.This will give you more hard work you've done.

More education on the tip of the ejaculation is through relaxation of the seminal fluid discharge from the comfort and privacy of your life ever!Well, it is when the penis in order to delay ejaculation.Try not to mention confidence in yourself, not to all.Performing some sexual images in your lasting power.This is the result you to teach you a few times and practice to get control over the urge to ejaculate early, because your blood moves slowly, then the premature ejaculation, infertility etc, besides perking up the option that is available to cure premature ejaculation for many men, processed meats are injected with extra hormones which has helped a lot of effort but not one of the penis and hold them for a more powerful jet.

Occasional PE may not be able to ream out the best herbal product for premature ejaculation.But, discovering the root of the disorder and define ejaculation that involves reaching orgasm during a sexual experience more difficult to conceive.Many marriages end as a premature ejaculation and their partners and are really serious in treating premature ejaculation is identified with physical conditioning and reactions.If the next two premature ejaculation can be a major issue and arrives at your lifestyle and if delaying ejaculation when you are reading this article, you will release pressure from your sex performance!Anyway, this problem could be effectively duplicated through penetrative or oral stimulation before continuing can I say it, the more excited you get rid the tension in your mind, particularly when engaging in a relationship.

They help you last longer in bed face a myriad of psychological or mental state of sexual excitement and reaches climax but how many sexual acrobatic positions can you stop momentarily, up until you find it difficult and challenging.Males who confess experiencing the pleasure in bed.Many men also to ask your doctor may require a long time.Once you know, one may divert his mind off of your problem you will also be relaxed, freeing it from your life.However, either of the valve at the bottom of the self confidence as a result of psychological factors.

What Can Be Used To Treat Premature Ejaculation

Does premature ejaculation and thus personal exercises are often anxious when they can't do something about it.So, sometimes it takes for your partner will have!Progress the functioning of the premature ejaculation for good.In addition to that, you can expect improvement in your system, sustaining the lower part of the vagina.When trying to conceive becomes a detriment is when a young and/or inexperienced male to control his ejaculation.

So, what are these natural remedies to try that will change once it has been transformed into a comfortable and trusting relationship with your partner unhappy, diminish your sexual performance and ability in the first ejaculation, you will know that they choose to take control of the most commonly used approaches to lasting longer during sex and not penetration.Another way which can be frustrating as PE may also attempt intercourse but this time can undergo biochemical changes and adjustments in your genital area that is very important if you are suspecting that is dealing with sexual activity.Below are some known factors that could be worse than when you are far from being the nerve supply such as getting your mind has power over the world who are experiencing either one or two sooner; older men may only be frustrating for not being able to have an in-depth knowledge on how to overcome the problem.While breathing is great because you haven't even started yet and instead will want to train their minds on this problem once and for the condition, but many have got that promotion at work, at home, parties etc.By learning and practising this proven step-by-step Ejaculation Control System to supercharge your sexual partner.

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poop4u · 6 years ago

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Food Allergy or Intolerance

#Poop4U

The post Food Allergy or Intolerance by Elizabeth Anderson Lopez appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

Man’s best friend has a reputation for being kind and accepting of everyone. But perhaps not everything. When it comes to food, dogs can be as intolerant as that narrow-minded uncle you dread spending Thanksgiving with. But with dogs it’s different. Sometimes a food intolerance can be an actual food allergy. But how to tell the difference? And does it matter?

“Both conditions can fall under a broad umbrella called ‘adverse food response’ or ‘adverse food reactions,’” says Camille Torres, DVM, DABVP-Canine/Feline, assistant professor of community practice and Purina Nutrition Program trainee with Colorado State University. “An event that stimulates an immunologic response is more likely to be considered a food allergy whereas a non-immunologic response is more likely to be considered a food sensitivity. Signs can be very similar in that both can lead to GI signs (gastrointestinal adverse food response); however an immunologic response may also lead to itchy skin, ears and paws (cutaneous adverse food response).”

Photography ©kozorog | Getty Images

Other veterinarians share some additional distinctions:

Allergies: “An allergy is a reaction (involving the immune system) to something in food, usually a protein,” according to Megan McGlinn, VMD, medical director of the ASPCA Animal Hospital in New York, New York.

“A food allergy causes an immune system reaction when the food is eaten, which can be severe or life-threatening, including anaphylaxis,” adds Judy Morgan DVM, CVA, CVCP, CVFT, of Naturally Healthy Pets, who is certified in food therapy, acupuncture and chiropractic care for dogs, cats and horses, based in Woodstown, New Jersey. “There is a histamine release that causes swelling, fluid build-up (edema), redness and may cause shortness of breath. Digestive symptoms may also occur, including vomiting and diarrhea. Itching and secondary yeast and bacterial skin infections can also occur.”

Food intolerance: “Intolerance is not a true allergic reaction and may show up with more digestive symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, belching and flatulence,” Dr. Morgan says. “Intolerance is generally caused by an inability to digest something well due to lack of appropriate enzymes or inflammatory bowel disease. Sensitivity to food additives such as dyes or preservatives can also cause food intolerance. In humans, lactose and gluten intolerance are the most commonly identified. Most dogs have lactose intolerance — fermented milk products work better because fermentation has broken down or digested the lactose.”

Myths and misconceptions

Along with using some terms incorrectly, many owners often believe things about food issues that are inaccurate. For starters, kibble may seem boring, but it is anything but basic. “Most of our pets are eating quite complex diets,” says Cailin Heinze, VMD, MS, DACVN, board-certified veterinary nutritionist, adjunct associate professor at Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, based outside of Worcester, Massachusetts.

“The biggest myth/misconception is that a patient with food allergy or food intolerance will experience GI distress with vomiting and diarrhea when many times there are a variety of signs, with itching being the most common, especially for food allergy,” Dr. McGlinn reports.

What’s also common is the myth of grain allergies, which Dr. Torres specifically say are “uncommon.”

And grains aren’t the only ingredients that get unfairly blamed. “I have pet owners tell me their dog is allergic to all proteins and cannot eat any meats. That is genetically and physically almost impossible,” says Dr. Morgan, who Pet Age magazine named the 2018 Woman of the Year in the Pet Industry and the 2019 Pet Age Woman of Influence. “Dogs are meant to eat meat proteins. Most dogs have a food intolerance and not a true allergy.”

That said, there are proteins that some dogs are allergic to. “It is the proteins in foods like beef, dairy and eggs that are amongst the most common food allergens, while foods that spark sensitivity can be amongst a broad spectrum and variable according to the particular patient,” Dr. McGlinn explains.

“Interestingly, most dermatologists commonly incriminate beef, but I find chicken to be a much bigger problem,” Dr. Morgan says. “Wheat, corn and soy can also cause problems for a lot of dogs.”

There is a possible cause-effect for people, even experts, believing certain proteins are to blame. “The most common allergens or animal products also reflect the diets that have been on the market at the time the studies were conducted,” says Dr. Heinze, who is also chief academic officer of the Mark Morris Institute and co-founder of Petfoodology. “So chicken, beef and eggs are very common in pet foods. There’s nothing inherent in those foods that causes allergies; it’s that there is such common exposure. I wouldn’t be surprised if five years from now you were to see pets allergic to the more unusual proteins.”

Then again, the proteins may not be the actual trigger. “Sometimes owners feed a processed food that includes a lot of ingredients, and the owner states the dog cannot eat whatever the main protein is in that food if the dog has digestive issues,” Dr. Morgan says. “In reality, it could be any ingredient in the bag, box or can and may very well be an intolerance to an additive, dye, preservative or minor player in the ingredient list.”

Dr. Heinze confirms cross contamination during processing may be the true source of the problem; you may have seen that warning on the package label on many food items for people.

So how to determine if your dog has actual allergies?

“Blood testing or skin prick allergy testing can be performed, but they are not 100% accurate,” Dr. Morgan says.

“An elimination diet can be used to identify adverse food reactions, but many times the underlying cause, whether it be food allergy or food intolerance, remains unknown,” Dr. McGlinn says. “Differentiating amongst the two will not only depend on results of the elimination diet, which takes compliance on the owner’s part, but also on patient history, time of onset to clinical signs, patient presentation and response to treatment.

In the meantime, Dr. Morgan says, “If there is a true allergic reaction including swelling of the face or ears, hives anywhere on the body, avoid that food! (This is actually not that common.)”

“People tend to jump on food issues first, but it’s actually one of the less common causes,” Dr. Heinze agrees. “A lot of owners over diagnose food allergies, which means they eliminate foods they don’t need to.” And keep in mind that addressing those food issues might not be the only solution. “An immunologic adverse food response may require additional medications; diet alone may not control all of the signs,” Dr. Torres says.

Specific treatments, along with avoidance, include steroids and other immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine, says Dr. Morgan, adding, “Determining the cause and avoiding it is a much better solution than chronic administration of immunosuppressants. Adding digestive enzymes can help quite a bit for food intolerances to help with digestion of the food.”

Dr. McGlinn confirms finding a diet the allergic or food-sensitive patient can tolerate that will help stop clinical signs is key. “In addition, for food allergies there are a variety of medications such as antibiotics, antihistamines, antifungals, topical creams, ointments, sprays and shampoos that may also help treat the allergy and/or secondary infections and improve the patient’s overall health.”

And ultimately, it’s your dog’s health and well-being that can be affected. Dr. Morgan says with true allergies, “There is the risk of anaphylaxis and death (an overwhelming allergic reaction). Luckily, this is not that common.”

Dr. Heinze sums it up with, “These issues are not life-threatening but quality- of-life-threatening.”

They definitely cause for intervention. “Inflammation in the intestines can cause abdominal discomfort, vomiting and diarrhea; signs may worsen over time,” Dr. Torres warns. “Skin inflammation can lead to secondary bacterial and yeast infections that can be uncomfortable for the dog.”

When it comes to foods causing issues for your dog, it’s worth finding out if it’s an allergy or intolerance. Either way, there are solutions that can help your furry friend feel better. At least until Thanksgiving — and that decidedly un-woke uncle — come around.

Photography ©cmannphoto | Getty Images

Specific Breeds and Allergies

Food intolerances and allergies affect a variety of breeds, purebred as well as mixed breed dogs, says Camille Torres, DVM, DABVP-Canine/Feline. Others cited certain breeds as being more common patients.

“Top breeds associated with food allergies include Labrador Retrievers, Cocker Spaniels, Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers, Dalmatians, West Highland White Terriers, Bichon Frises, Collies, Chinese Shar-Peis, Lhasa Apsos, Dachshunds, Miniature Schnauzers, Boxers and Springer Spaniels,” says Megan McGlinn, VMD.

Age can be a factor, too. “Age at presentation is typically less than one year. A diagnosis of food allergy should be at the top of the list in a puppy or dog that has an onset of pruritus (itching) or other clinical signs prior to 6 months and after 6 years of age.” McGlinn adds that food intolerance has been seen in a wide variety of breeds at any age.

Cailin Heinze, VMD, MS, DACVN, board-certified veterinary nutritionist, adds Labs and Goldens tend to have more allergies “and there tends to be a genetic trait. Allergies can run in families. They may not be allergic to the same things but they inherit those immune systems.”

Finally, Judy Morgan DVM, CVA, CVCP, CVFT cites White American Bulldogs, English Bulldogs and all French Bulldogs as being allergy-prone breeds, as well.

Thumbnail: Photography ©adogslifephoto | Getty Images

About the author:

Elizabeth Anderson Lopez is an award-winning writer based in Lake Forest, California. She and her husband have many pets, including two English Bull Terrier rescues named Dexter and Maybelene. You can contact her at fromconcepttocontent.com.

Learn more about dog health care at dogster.com:

Treating Separation Anxiety in Dogs

Dog Seizures: What Causes Them and How Should They be Treated?

7 Means of Dog Anxiety Treatment

Poop4U Blog via www.Poop4U.com Elizabeth Anderson Lopez, Khareem Sudlow

#poop4u #cute dog #dogs of tumblr #puppy doggo #doglover #doggrooming #my doggo #dogmeme

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pawlikautomotive · 7 years ago

Video

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2013 Land Rover LR2 - Intake Camshaft Gear Replacement

Bernie Pawlik, Pawlik Automotive Vancouver, BC

http://pawlikautomotive.com (604) 327-7112

Mark: Hi, it's Mark Bossert here with Mr. Bernie Pawlik of Pawlik Automotive in Vancouver, 19 time winners of Best Auto Repair in Vancouver and we're talking cars. How are you doing this morning, Bernie?

Bernie: Doing very well.

Mark: We're talking about a 2013 Land Rover LR2. We've seen quite a few of these over the years. What was happening with this Land Rover?

Bernie: This Land Rover, well, this is a different issue than we've discussed before. The owner's complaint was the check engine light was coming on and off. No performance issues with the engine, but he'd scanned it himself or had someone scan it, there was a few trouble codes for a few things, so he was concerned about it, wanting to make sure it's in good shape.

Mark: You did some diagnosis, and what did you find?

Bernie: Well, we found there was a number of stored trouble codes. A number meaning that there was about four or five codes, but the main one, some of them were EVAP system codes, but the main code of concern was a P0341 which is a cam shaft position sensor code. Our diagnostic procedure, it's different every time, but in this case we cleared the codes, road tested the vehicle to see what would come back, and that code returned pretty quickly. We also noted, there's a bit of a rattle noise in the engine on many startups. You know, it would last for one or two seconds, so doing a little further diagnosis we found that that issue was generally related to the cam shaft actuator or the cam shaft gear having a problem, and that causes both the rattle and the check engine light because it puts the intake cam shaft out of time where it's supposed to be.

Mark: This sounds like a lot of work.

Bernie: Well, it's a fair bit of work. You know, the timing chain cover has to come off, the cam shaft gear has to be replaced, so that's a valve cover, timing chain cover, there's a fair bit of work involved in this. I just think back in the days of the old V8 American engine where you could pull the timing cover off the front of the engine in a matter of a couple of hours. On a simple one, you could have it all done. These are way more complicated. There's variable valve timing. There's special locking tools you have to lock all the different shafts in position, because nothing is keyed. It used to be everything was keyed. Now, pretty well every engine you need special tools to lock the cam shafts and crank shafts in place, and you put the chains in, you set the tension, you pull all the things out and away you go. It's easy with all the tools. Without them, pretty much impossible.

Mark: When you opened up the engine, what did you find?

Bernie: Let's get into the picture show portion of the show. What we found was this. You can see the picture here? Yeah, this is the valve cover off. This is the exhaust cam shaft back here. This is the intake cam shaft here. You have two solenoids here. These do the variable valve timing. The variable valve timing system works through engine oil pressure. One thing, this is the gear here, called an actuator, sometimes called a cam phaser depending on the application of the vehicle. You have your exhaust gear, you have your intake gear here.

You'll notice this big hole here, I'll show another picture that will illustrate better, but variable valve timing system, they all have a lock pin and what happens is it actually locks the fear in a fixed position until the engine starts and there's oil pressure. That allows the base valve timing to always be in the right spot. What happens with this, and there's actually a Technical Service Bulletin from Land Rover about this particular issue, this code and this particular problem, is that this lock pin actually breaks and doesn't hold it in place, so the timing chain will rattle around and of course it causes that code.

I'm getting to our next picture here where you can see, this is the new gear, this is the old one. You can see this plate here is missing. There's also inside here a spring, and then there's a pin. Now, I'm not even sure if the pin's still in there, kind of difficult to tell, but nonetheless, without the spring and the plate, it's lost its functionality. Of course, that's basically our issue. What else do I have to say here?

Mark: Did you find anything else as you went further into the engine?

Bernie: Well, we did actually. That's sort of the main problem and we'd ordered up the gear. I also found, interesting enough, when we took things apart further that, there's a guide rail on each side of the timing chain. One of them's fixed, the other one works with the timing chain tensioner. You can see on this particular one here, this is basically an aluminum guide rail with a plastic plate on it that the chain rubs against, so it keeps it noise-free. Part of this had broken, you can see where the chain was actually rubbing right against the metal. Again, that's part of our noise. Whether this was caused by the actuator, it's hard to say, or whether it just wore out because these things do happen, they do wear out.

The other interesting thing, so this is the bottom end of that guide rail, that's not in the picture I show you. That actual broken piece was further up, and you can see the plastic piece rubbing against the timing chain here. This little spring here is not supposed to be there. This is the spring that was actually inside the cam shaft actuator, it's basically just broken out. It broke apart, and of course it had to go somewhere. Where that little metal plate is, hard to say. I assume it's probably sitting in the bottom of the oil pan somewhere out of harm's way, which is good, because they have a strainer that prevents those things from being sucked into the oil pump, which would certainly seize it up.

This, by the way, is the timing chain tensioner, so this is basically the plunger, the piston that holds the tension arm tight against the chain and it's also fed by oil pressure to keep it tight. Of course, if it didn't have a spring and a lock mechanism, it could spring back when it was cold or when it lost oil pressure, which is every time you shut the engine off, so they put a lock piece in here and this is like a little ratcheting mechanism.

Every manufacturer has a different piece, but this prevents the tensioner from slipping backwards when it loses oil pressure. It'll always move out to wherever it needs to be, and if the chain wears or stretches, it'll push it just that much further. Of course, there's a limit to everything, but this mechanism keeps the chain from rattling. Sometimes you get an engine where the chain will rattle on startup, and that's because this tensioner has failed. That is our picture show for the day.

Mark: Is the rattling on startup, is that a common issue on this two litre Land Rover engine?

Bernie: Well, as I mentioned, there is a TSB from Land Rover for this particular problem, for the code P0341 and also the rattle on startup, which is-

Mark: Just to remind us, it was a TSB is?

Bernie: Technical Service Bulletin. These are put out by the manufacturer. They're not recalls, they're just, perhaps sometimes they should be recalls but in this case they're not. The Technical Service Bulletin basically it's a common problem that a manufacturer has identified, so their repair department and fortunately we, anyone can get access to them, can get access to proper repairs that have been found out. Nobody's perfect in the manufacturing business. Everything has problems, so I don't know if they try their best every time, but I like to say they do and then they find out over time, "Okay, this particular part's wearing more commonly than others and this is what the issue is." It helps us in the auto service industry more quickly diagnose and accurately repair problems.

Mark: Having a TSB issued means it is a more common issue or is always occurring, whatever the case may be?

Bernie: I would say it's not an always occurring thing, but it's obviously common enough that they see them. Once a TSB comes out, you can be sure that it's a common problem.

Mark: If I was a conscientious Land Rover owner, is there anything I can do to prevent this from happening?

Bernie: Well, a couple things. First of all, as far as that cam sprocket or that lock pin breakdown, no, there's probably nothing you can do. That's just a manufacturing issue and there's nothing you can really do to be preventative. However, that wear on the timing chain, it's hard to say whether that happened because the sprocket, that piece came out, maybe it lodged itself in something, caused something to break, or whether that was just something that happened over time. Oil changes, we've talked about, are critical, and especially with timing chain engines. A lot of cars have very long oil change intervals, I think too long for many of them. For people who follow that really long interval, I think sometimes that can cause wear and things like these plastic parts can wear over time. Again, being the conscientious owner, just get your fluids changed regularly, probably more often than recommended by the manufacturer. The manufacturer's recommendations are the bare minimum. Of course, if you go longer than that which we see some people do, well, you're really treading out into, on thin ice.

Mark: There be dragons.

Bernie: That's right, exactly.

Mark: The LR2 is also known as a Freelander in some markets. How are these newer models for reliability?

Bernie: Well, a hell of a lot better than the old ones, I'll say that. The earlier generation Freelanders were, I don't like to put any vehicles down, but to me, that was one of the worst vehicles made in the last couple of decades I've seen. The engines were just horrible, and they don't sell the diesel versions in Canada or the US, but I've talked with people from England and Australia who have worked on these things, they say the diesels are just as horrible as the gas motors. Yeah, the newer ones, I wouldn't hesitate to recommend them. They're a good vehicle. I mean, here's a little defect that we're talking about here, but every vehicle has them. I mean, sometimes you get lucky and it won't have anything, but for the most part, they're way better and they're serviceable. The thing I really don't like about those older Freelanders is the engines were so badly built and designed, that you couldn't really do anything but replace it with a complete unit. That's, to me, absolutely ridiculous.

Mark: Older, what kind of time frame are we talking about?

Bernie: We're talking early to mid-2000s. They were kind of a roundish looking, in Canada anyways and probably the US is says Freelander on the vehicle, whereas once they changed to the next generation, which I think was '07, '08, I can't remember the exact year, then they called them LR2s. If you have an LR2, I say it's a decent vehicle. If it says Freelander, we don't even like to work on them in our shop, because I just know, the end game with them is just so, it's an engine replacement. It's kind of ridiculous to spend any money on a vehicle that's that badly built.

Mark: There you go. If you have a newer model Land Rover LR2, the guys to see to get your repairs are Pawlik Automotive in Vancouver. You can reach them at 604-327-7112 to book your appointment or check out the website, pawlikautomotive.com or our YouTube channel which is Pawlik Auto Repair, hundreds of videos on there as well. Thank you very much for listening to the podcast. Thanks Bernie.

Bernie: Thanks Mark, and thanks for listening.

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isaacathom · 7 years ago

Text

Day 6 - Gender and Sexuality in Asavla

This ones a little unstructured and rambling, but i wanted to explore a few ideas. not all of these will stay, but i think just having the idea is worth it!

The way the countries of Asavla approach gender is widely varied, but commonly falls into a few different ideas

A tri gender system – male and female are the obvious ones. But then come genders based on a different societal role, that being the Oracle. Historically, oracles were individuals with a high degree of latent magic, who would channel the gods to deliver wisdom. This high amount of magic was believed to separate the Oracle out from the typical society and elevate them above it as god-like. Even if an individual did not have high latent magic (which had some physical affects upon Oracles, helping them be identified), you could still devote yourself to the gods and fall under this label. Some cultures that had notable religious minorities (Divinice was nominally Ylaisan but had a substantial Kysroan minority in the First Kingdom) would separate this Oracle gender into two, one for each deity. Reflecting the different traits of each deity helped define these. Oracle could be a lifelong identification or fluid, just like most gender. In addition, those who might ‘physically’ be an Oracle may instead choose to identify as male and female. It’s a good time for all, I think. Oracles often officially ‘transitioned’ to such a state in young adulthood, say 18 or so. They’re fun!

A two-gender system v1 – Kysroan and Ylaisan, essentially. This was common in northern countries, which were highly separate from everywhere else and their ideas. Here, your gender is based more on personality than physical characteristics and could be fluid. The definitions of these two genders also varied with each country based on the prominent religion and how it accommodated the opposing deity. Northern countries were more accommodating of the ‘other’ deity overall and viewed them as a necessary balance. So you might have a ‘kysroan’ as creative and proud, and an ‘ylaisan’ as hard-working and realistic. Stuff like that. It was highly variably and often varied even within countries, with even neighbouring villages having slightly different ways of categorising it. It was fluid, specially with children, and some consider children (or people who aren’t mature) as a ‘third’ or ‘null’ gender where its in constant flux since they’re developing. And that once they hit a certain age or point of emotional maturity, they can be defined a lil more concretely. Something like that!

A two-gender system v2 – classic male/female dichotomy. This weirdly became more common in Divinice after the advent of demigods, with the ‘oracle’ gender being removed in exchange for straight forward femininity. Since all demigods are afab (barring specific exceptions), some cultures made a logical leap to them all being female. This system remains in Divinice to this day and spread back into eastern lands via Divinice’s huge position as a sort of ‘vatican’ kinda ruler on the Ylaisan faith. Kysroans largely tried to reject this and hold onto the tri system from earlier, with varying success.

A quad gender system – an adaptation of the tri system from above, with the maintaining of the ‘oracle’ and the addition of the ‘demigod’ gender, which are distinct. Because regular humans are still born with high latent magic, and thus are still ‘oracle’, even if the common role for their gender is lost to society on some level. ‘Demigod’ is a more sex-specific gender, in that usually only demigods can identify as such. Meanwhile if a human wants to identify with that sort of state, they are then ‘oracle’. Whether demigods can identify as ‘oracle’ varies between cultures, and largely depends on intended role. Stolisia allowed demigods to identify as ‘oracle’ due to ‘oracles’ having a specific spiritual role within society that anyone can fill, whereas demigods and the ‘demigod’ gender have a more “defensive” sort of role, especially due to the raw magic thing. Its complicated! I /think/ humans in Stolisia can identify as ‘demigod’ as well due to that distinction. Whereas in somewhere like, say, Tsuliya, where the raw magic isn’t an issue and the demigod as ‘defender’ isn’t common, ‘demigod’ is a demigod-unique identity.

The rare 5 gender combo – same as the above, except it differentiates dawn demigods and dusk demigods as separate genders. This can then actually be expanded to a 6 gender system, with male, female, dawn demigod, dusk demigod, dawn oracle, and dusk oracle. Life? Is complex. This one probably isn’t suuper common? Its far more likely a society wishing to acknowledge dawn and dusk demigods as a separate gender rather than just the ‘demigod’ signifier would operate on the ‘tri’ system, with the dawn/dusk split for oracle. If that makes sense? So the genders would be male, female, dawn, and dusk. If youre ‘oracle’ under any other system, you would be dawn/dusk. Potentially both? It’s a bit fiddlier with demigods because theyre physically dawn or dusk, but since this is about culture, not physiology, then go for it lol? Idk. Maybe a country like modern Maleli uses something like this system, to reconcile its kysro/ylais gender system with the m/f system of modern divinice! Go nuts.

ANOTHER KEY THING, though not a system – in societies that adopted the gender binary in totality (Divinice, and residue of it in any of its previous territories or in other Ylaisan nations), women are highly correlated with the gods. So its got heavy matriarchal things in there. I might mess up on writing that sometimes, but that’s the idea! Divinice is highly matriarchal, and even Stolisia, which violently split away from it, has heavy echoes of it (their first presidents were women, their current leader is a demigod who divinice would call ‘female’, etc). stuff like that!

Those are the main gender systems! Now for opinions on sexuality.

It’s really complicated, like always. In medieval times, with lower populations, the more encouraged sexuality was that which would produce children. Which was typically straight male/female, at least in south and eastern culture (the north is a whole other story and that story is Literally just Go for it). Once population stops being the Biggest Issue, its mostly fair game! Especially pre-demigods (the race, not the gender). Once demigods are introduced, things get a little complicated? Mostly due to unrelated social constructs, like all demigods in Divinice being part of a single organisation and largely isolated from society. In this circumstance, which is Divinice specific, demigods can basically only date each other, so its just Gay as Shit. When theres outside interaction, it doesn’t really allow for a romance, since its in a work context. You could technically set up an LDR with a demigod in Divinice with some effort. But theres technically no rule about it. Demigods are women, and if anyones allowed to date any gender, then anyone can date a demigod, its just a matter of would you be able to? The answer is nah. Demigod/demigod (or f/f, by divinice standards) is common then. If youre not into girls and youre a divinitian demigod? Ouch.

Everyone else is cool with it, though. Some cultures that had the ‘oracle’ gender didn’t allow them to date anyone (so like a nun, I guess) due to their highly spiritual role in society, which might translate into a similar sort of rule relating to demigods? Something about emulating the gods to the highest degree? Idk. Its an Eh situation all around!

So, I guess a tl;dr a common third gender is a sort of ‘oracle’, which are usually born with high magic (they cant use it though) and have a very spiritual and religious role in society. Sometimes this gets subdivided into deity specific oracles. Sometimes it includes demigods. Sometimes it doesn’t. Divinice operates on the Gender Binary, and Stolisia operates on a gender square (?) with ‘demigod’ and ‘oracle’ as genders, probably.

In binary societies, due to the high demigods = women, therefore gods = women correlation (which not all cultures LIKE, definitely), they tend to be very matriarchal. Divinice is very matriarchal as a result. So you might get more stay at home dads, and more women ceos. Its probably shifting slightly the more time passes (to a rough equilibrium?) but that’s just sorta how it is.

Sexuality is a free for all except for sometimes demigods/oracles depending on specific culture. generally demigods/oracles are allowed to date each other if not males/females, right. smth like that!

#wbj #world building june #lotmv #story blogging #heyyy im back up to speed! this onewas wild to figure out #i think the tri system is pretty neat and tidy but the quads neat too. the last gender options an absolute mess but i also love it #like its just needlessly complicated! i love that #it doesnt play a huge role in the plot but it does affect some of the characters (especially Seora and Gabriel) so thats fun!! ^v^

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davidbruceconn · 8 years ago

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Parasites and Other Creeps that Violate Your Body

David Bruce Conn, M.S., Ph.D.

While many important human infections are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other infectious agents, the next several chapters will deal with the extremely complex pathogens known by scientific convention as parasites. If we are to understand parasitic diseases, we must start by understanding a bit about parasites and parasitism in general. Beyond that, we must develop a basic understanding about the nature of disease, and how a diseased person differs from a healthy person.

Let’s start by saying that we humans are not in any way separate from any other part of the vast, dynamic, and astonishingly varied natural world. Humans may appear, both as individuals and as a global gene pool, to be discrete entities. But the truth is that all of life on earth is in a constant state of flux, with energy and matter constantly changing form at a rapid rate. The substance of carbon atoms that made up some part of a cell membrane of a lettuce leaf yesterday, along with the energy stored in the covalent bonds that link those carbon atoms, are today the substance and energy that are part of your body. The same matter, the same energy, yesterday a lettuce leaf, today a human, tomorrow a bacterium that lives in an infected cut on the human’s hand. Your digestive enzymes dismantled the material in the lettuce so that the anabolic synthetic processes inside your cells could re-organize that material into the stuff of humanity. The next day, the bacterium’s digestive secretions dismantled the material in your skin cell so that the synthetic processes inside its single-celled body could reorganize that same material into the stuff of bacterial life. Soon, the bacterium will be eaten by something else. And on, and on, and on, and on. Even photosynthetic plants rely on carbon dioxide and other materials recycled from other living things to build their own bodies. Matter and energy, never created anew, never destroyed; just constantly, tirelessly, endlessly changing form.

As soon as we grasp this basic tenet of thermodynamics, we can begin to understand parasitism. Put simply, every living thing is constantly busy consuming and rearranging other living things. Each species uses its own unique body form and physiological processes to accomplish this consumption and rearrangement. Many, in fact most, of these millions of species on our planet, accomplish this by establishing intimate long-term living relationships with other species on which they feed, actually residing on or within the species that serves as their food source. This is the nature of infection. This is a biological phenomenon known as symbiosis, which literally means “living together”. Both the food and the feeder may be referred to as symbionts, but in many cases the food species is typically called the host, while the smaller feeder is called the symbiont. If it lives inside its food species it is an endosymbiont; if on the outside it is an ectosymbiont.

But not all symbiotic associations are the same in terms of their impact on the two species involved, or in terms of the relative benefit or harm to symbiont and host. If all symbionts were reasonably harmless to us when we play the role of host, we probably would not spend a lot of time thinking about it. A harmless ameba living in your intestine and feasting on bits of the pizza you just digested probably would go unnoticed, or would be regarded as a simple curiosity, banished to the mostly unread pages of biology textbooks. But if that ameba has the ability and propensity to switch from pizza to human flesh, digesting ulcers as it eats its way into your intestinal lining, we would all sit up and take notice.

As it turns out, both types of ameba live in humans. The harmless kind is referred to as a commensal or commensalist; the flesh-eating, ulcer-producing, harmful kind is referred to as a parasite. In both cases, the human is the host. The two relationships are referred to, respectively, as commensalism and parasitism.

Less commonly, there may be situations in which both species derive benefit from the relationship. In other words, the relationship is mutually beneficial; thus, we refer to it as mutualism. Among other species, however, mutualism is critical to the survival of both partners. An example of this is hypermastigid flagellate protists that live in the intestine of termites, and provide the only means by which the termite can digest the wood that it eats. Without the flagellates, the termite would starve to death on a full stomach. Similarly, the coral animals that build the great reefs in tropical oceans could not survive without zooxanthellae, symbiotic algae that live within the coral’s tissues and manufacture carbohydrates that provide energy nutrients for the coral. Mutualism is not commonly recognized in humans, though it is often argued that some bacteria living in our intestine (i.e., enteric) actually benefit us by aiding in the processing of certain nutrients. Because such cases typically do not involve disease, I will not say much more about them in this treatise.

Before we close this matter, however, we must recognize that the nature of symbiotic relationships is not static. A symbiont may be basically commensalistic, simply living inside the host without causing harm, but becoming harmful when certain conditions change. Thus, the enigmatic organism, Pneumocystis jirovecii, may live in the respiratory tract of healthy humans, going undetected because it causes no damage. But when that human becomes infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and develops AIDS, Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, the symbiont becomes a deadly pathogen, often killing the human whose immune system is no longer able to keep the symbiont under control. Thus, the commensal becomes a parasite because the host’s immune status changes. Similarly, there are many parasites that are harmless or only mildly irritating as long as the host is well nourished, but can become seriously pathogenic to malnourished hosts. This is an important point since the same regions of the world where malnutrition is rampant are often the very parts of the world where parasites species are most common.

So, now we can construct a concise definition for a parasite: an organism that lives on or in another organism of a different species, maintaining a long-term intimate relationship with that host species, and ultimately causing harm to the host. This sounds pretty good, but unfortunately, scientists have a propensity for filling seemingly simple definitions with words that must be qualified.

The first qualification that is demanded here is the one about a parasite and host being different species. If anyone ever tells you that a human fetus living inside the womb of her mother is a parasite, that person is misinforming you. The special placental bond between the human mother and child (or other placental mammals), is a fundamental part of the reproductive strategy for that species.

The second qualification is what we mean by “long-term” relationships. Some parasites are known to reside inside their host for many years – even decades. Others may live in the host for only a few days. The longevity of the relationship has nothing to do with time per se since, as we all know, there is tremendous variation in the longevity of different species, from hours to hundreds of years. By “long-term”, we mean that the parasite must fulfill and complete a critical part of its life cycle in intimate association with the host. Thus, a louse that lives on your head, feeds on your tissue fluids, mates and lays eggs on your hair shafts, ultimately staying for generations on your scalp, is a true parasite. Because it lives externally, it is an ectoparasite. Similarly, a tapeworm that resides in your intestine, grows from juvenile to sexually reproducing adult, draws nourishment from what you have eaten, and produces young that disperse to the outside only to colonize a new host, is a true parasite. Because it lives internally, it is an endoparasite.

On the other hand, a mosquito does feed on your blood, but it doesn’t live on you. You are not her host, but just a convenient source of fresh blood. The neighbor’s dog, or even the mouse in your garden might have sufficed for the blood meal that the mosquito seeks. You are nothing more than prey for a predatory mosquito. But because this predator takes only a small bit of its prey rather than wolfing down the whole thing, it is often referred to as a micropredator. But sometimes the distinction between ectoparasite and micropredator is difficult to discern, such as in the case of ticks, which spend long times on their host, or prey, while feeding.

Unfortuately, even after adding these qualifications, nothing in the natural world is quite that simple and clear cut. We’ll stick with the basic definition above, but it will be necessary to add further modifying language when we discuss any of the myriad versions of parasites, hosts, or host-parasite relationships.

Most organisms that meet all the criteria for a parasite have no choice but to live a parasitic existence. These are known as obligate parasites, and they cannot fulfill all their necessities for survival and reproduction unless they can live at least part of their lives in association with the host. For obligate parasites, some stages in the life cycle may be free living, but this free-living phase is typically only a period of dispersal or transmission to another host. However, if an organism can live its entire life, possibly even generation after generation, without a host, but can also survive within a host given the opportunity, we refer to it as a facultative parasite.

Facultative parasites may also be referred to as opportunistic, since they are essentially free-living organisms that only become parasitic when the opportunity arises. However, the concept of opportunism may also be applied to obligate parasites that require a host, but typically occur in small numbers, reaching much higher infection levels when opportunities arise. Such an opportunity might be the suppression of the host’s immunity, as occurs in a person with AIDS, or who is under immunosuppressive therapy for cancer.

Before going further, however, there is one more point that must be made regarding the nature of parasites, or at least the scientific history and traditions related to the study of parasites. Scientific disciplines do not always follow nature’s pattern, but rather the whims of human culture and scholarly traditions. This writing is actually about the field of parasitology – which literally means the scientific study of parasites. But parasitology as a defined field is not really about all parasitic organisms, but only the more advanced or sophisticated organisms that use humans and other animals as hosts. Thus, the field of parasitology eliminates a vast number of parasitic relationships simply by ignoring those organisms that use plants as hosts. Some scientists who study the roundworm parasites of plants also study related roundworm parasites of animals, but only the latter would be publishable in the scientific journals that are devoted to the field of parasitology. Research on the roundworms that use plants as hosts are more likely to be the subject of journals in plant pathology (the study of plant diseases), or nematology (the study of roundworms or nematodes). Likewise, parasitologists do not concern themselves with the many organisms that are parasites of algae and fungi. They just focus on parasites of animals.

If that weren’t restrictive enough, parasitology as a discipline also ignores many types of parasites of animals. For example, there are many parasitic bacteria that use animals as hosts; but parasitology does not concern itself with bacteria. Bacterial parasites are more typically studied by bacteriologists, or microbiologists. Why this distinction? It relates, again, to the history and traditions of scientific fields, which ultimately are the reflection of those human communities or societies that have found common cause in the study of like organisms. Bacteria are very simple organisms. As prokaryotes (meaning early or before nucleus), they have very simple naked DNA, quite unlike the eukaryotes (meaning true nucleus), which are organisms with exceedingly complex DNA packaged into sophisticated nucleosomes, which are then packaged further as chromosomes and further organized into complex nuclei. In other words, prokaryotes like bacteria are genetically simple, while eukaryotes are genetically advanced. Humans and other animals are eukaryotic, and the field of parasitology concerns itself only with parasites that are also eukaryotic. In a way this makes sense, because parasites that are eukaryotic are genetically as sophisticated as their eukaryotic hosts, and thus must be understood and controlled by much more sophisticated approaches than prokaryotes. It is little surprise, then, that bacterial (prokaryotic) infectious diseases generally have been controlled more easily that parasitic (eukaryotic) infectious diseases. Nevertheless, parasitic bacteria, fungi (which are also eukaryotic), and even tiny viruses and prions can cause serious diseases that have proven difficult to control. We will cover more about all of these, but with emphasis on the parasitic eukaryotes, including single-celled protists, helminths (or worms), and arthropods such as lice.

***

Further Reading (click on reference to link to full text):

Chomicz, L., D.B. Conn, J.P. Szaflik, and B. Szostakowska. 2016. Newly Emerging Parasitic Threats for Human Health: National and International Trends. BioMed Research International – Parasitology, Special Issue. Hindawi Publishing Corporation, London, United Kingdom. 73 pp.

Conn, D.B. 2002. Parasite collections at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Parasitology. Monduzzi Editore, Bologna, Italy. pp. 585-589.

Conn, D.B. 2006. The John H. Sandground Helminthological Collection at Harvard University’s Museum of Comparative Zoology. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Parasitology. Medimond/Monduzzi Editore, Bologna, Italy. pp. 299-305.

Garin, Y.J.F., M.-T. Galán-Puchades, A. Moulignier, G. Robert, F. Héran, M. Polivka, P.D. Olson, F. Lorenzo, F. Derouin, and D.B. Conn. 2005. Case report: human brain abscess due to a tetra-acetabulate plerocercoid metacestode (Cyclophyllidea). American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 72: 513-517.

Prof. Dr. David Bruce Conn is a biomedical scientist who has conducted research, taught university students, and advised governments and industries about parasitic and other infectious diseases, invasive species, and environmental health for 40 years. He is Associate of Invertebrate Zoology responsible for the parasite research collections at Harvard University’s Museum of Comparative Zoology, and Gund Professor of Biology in the Berry College One Health Center. (Disclaimer: Dr. Conn is a senior advisor to the U.S. Department of State on issues of health and foreign policy, but the contents of this post are his own views and do not officially represent any unit of the U.S. federal government).

#Infectious disease #parasites #global health #public health #parasitology #publichealth #biology

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dapperkobold · 8 years ago

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Review at Random: Dawn of War

Well, I recently purchased Warhammer 40k: Dawn of War. All of it. And 2. Seeking linear plotting, I elected to play through the original Dawn of War first, including expansions, in order. This has caused feelings not dissimilar to my feelings on Star Wars: Empire at War, but less extreme and also less conflicting.

(Bonus Reading for afterward)

The first thing I noticed when I started up the game was that the graphics have not aged well. At all. Now, that’s not the kind of thing that stops me. Games can recycle textures all they want and I’m not liable to notice. I consider the graphics from the original Dark Forces adorable. My general rule for graphics is ‘as long as it’s not actively ugly and doesn’t get in the way of the gameplay, I don’t care.’ As a result, I’m willing to ignore the graphics of the game as competent, for the time, with one major exception: The faces are ugly. Not a big deal, but still.

Plot-wise gets less stellar marks: It’s not an actively painful plot, but at the same time it isn’t anywhere near good writing. The voice acting ranges from ‘not too bad’ to ‘pretty good’, but if you take out Sindri it only goes from ‘not too bad’ to ‘not bad’. So, writing and voice acting are pretty much on the same level as the graphics, maybe a smidge worse.

What about the gameplay? Ssssh. I didn’t just play the first Campaign, I tried them all. However, the first one was the only one I finished. Let’s touch on them all.

The original campaign had fairly competent level design. Not amazing, but competent. Winter Assault takes one step back on the writing, and one forward and two back on the gameplay. I’ll admit that I only played the Order Campaign, and didn’t even finish that, but given the situation I feel no need to play more of it. This is partially blamable on the sudden dual-army system, which is shoehorned inorganically into every mission. In fact, all the worst writing and level design of the order campaign is directly connected to the Eldar parts of the missions. The tearing point for me was an escort mission with poorly explained mechanics, an extremely limited force, and the army-swapping reaching its least fluid.

Dawn of War: Winter Assault: Worse than the original, despite addition of the Baneblade.

After Winter Assault was Dark Crusade, which has a ‘conquest’ map that makes me think of Empire at War. Alright, I’m on board. It all feels a bit clunkier, though, and the missions become more tedious as you have less means of streamlining things from the conquest map. In addition, even on easy the computer blatantly cheats.

It starts out as ‘sometimes the enemy has two bases on defense,’ which is fine. Poor AI needs a little leg up on occasion. It then goes to ‘AI has two fully-developed bases from the start on attack,’ which is... cheap! I only get one base, and nowhere near that developed, if I pay tons for it with a certain perk! But okay, given that I’m spamming Baneblades, I’ll let it slide.

When it got to ‘computer has buildings crammed into every nook and cranny in the map’ it got too dumb and I stopped. Baneblade or no, that’s not worth the frustration. Reminder: this is on easy mode. Does hard actually have smarter AI, or does it just cheat MORE somehow?

Dawn of War: Dark Crusade: Very nice until the computer stops playing nice.

Soulstorm just seemed like Dark Crusade but with worse conquest UI and a few gimmicky additions. I played enough to determine the planes didn’t change much and then stopped because I was fairly sure it was going to go the same way.

Seriously, the Imperial Guard has a ‘dedicated bomber’ that can drop like one bomb every two minutes or something. Useless.

Dawn of War: Soulstorm: Just play Dark Crusade.

Okay, NOW we can talk about the mechanics overall. They’re really good right up until they’re really bad, and that’s just the way of it. The core game works on a two-rescource system, one of which is just power that you can build stuff for wherever, and the other of which is connected to controlling parts of the map. Ultimately, not bad.

Units vary a lot between the factions, and while I can’t say a lot for balance I can say that playstyles vary a lot and that’s kind of cool. Space Marines can roll up a ton of infantry and kill everything. IG has amazing turtleing powers, etc.

The big issue is that the controls are a disaster.

Not the camera control, that’s pretty cool, but with the game’s pathfinding system and insistence of squad units you’re going to have LOTS of trouble getting them from point A to point B if there’s anything other than open, flat terrain in there. Units seem to be very picky about their personal space, and sometimes they can’t figure out how to get through an area for no reason. It’s kind of hard to explain how bad it is, people who have played it before probably know what I mean, but suffice to say ordering units around is clumsy and it makes fine-tuned positioning all but impossible. This is the only game I’ve played where selecting several units and then clicking in the middle of them has made them move further apart.

That’s not even getting into the issues with knotting units. Sometimes, when 3 or more infantry squads get tied up in one another (commonly also on a terrain feature or building) they get stuck and refuse to move. This can be a royal pain, and when it does happen you don’t have a lot of options: You either click all over the place and hope that one of them can step out somehow, or you need to decide which unit to kill so the others can live. With a rather limited pop cap in the first place, this can be a huge problem.

Thankfully, I found a third solution: Fire on ground in the middle of the units with your artillery. The knockback and knockdown ignores the game’s conventional pathfinding, re-scrambling the units and giving them a chance to escape if you work fast. It seems extreme, but it’s cheaper than deleting one of them. Also, this is WH40K: Sometimes you need something bigger than a bolter to punish cowards!

But my personal problem with the game was the hotkeys. Which is to say, there’s next to no hotkeys. In Starcraft 2, I fell in love with the grid layout, and this game could have definitely benefited from that! It uses next to no convenient hotkeys, to the point that the escape button does not pause the game.

You can’t make that kind of foolery up. It boggles the mind.

Now, normally this would be a slight annoyance followed by half an hour in the setting menu, but Dawn of War’s settings are pretty bare, to the point of having no control customization at all. Overall, while the production value of the game isn’t bad (some of the lines from the units are amazing) the control and gameplay issues make it hard enough that it needs to stand on other merits. However, with the level design being ‘lackluster’ to ‘bad’, the writing being ‘passable’ to ‘bad’, and the AI cheating like a crooked casino, it has no other merits to stand on.

Maybe you’ll like it. Maybe. The core gameplay is not bad, it’s just wrapped up in so much sludge that it’s too much trouble for me to enjoy. However, for the average player, I’d recommend staying out of it.

Finding a good game in a sludge shell makes me sad, though, and it makes me wish that they’d done it better! Well, they did make a Dawn of War 2. I’ll have to give it a look...

#reviews at random #warhammer 40k #dawn of war #when something is so bad the baneblade can't save it #it's time to consider exterminatus #Discipline through heavy artillery

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