#jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai

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Where this building stands was once the entrance to Shanghai’s Jewish cemetery. Image taken 1985, courtesy of Beit Hatfutsot/The Museum of the Jewish People. Mao Zedong’s government leveled the Jewish cemetery, removed the headstones, and constructed cement factories and housing developments over the graves. Hongkew was built over, and the Jewish buildings altered and re-purposed. The Jewish refugees, their dwellings, shops, and cemeteries had no place in the Chairman Mao's vision of China's future. All content derived from my original research as presented in my 2014 MA Thesis --> https://bit.ly/2CLCrnV. . . . #history #jewishhistory #holocaust #holocausthistory #refugees #refugeehistory #immigrationhistory #china #chinesehistory #shanghai #jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai #historicitywasalreadytaken #historyblogger #historylovers #historigram https://www.instagram.com/p/ByYqKvJF_al/?igshid=a3cz1ddi1dek

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The Shanghai Jewish Cemetery, 1947. Images courtesy of Yad Vashem, and Beit Hatfutsot/The Museum of the Jewish People. Between 1939 and 1945 there were 1,581 recorded refugee deaths, including 36 suicides. When the Jews left Shanghai, they left behind the graves of those 1581 people. Evelyn Pike Rubin, whose father and grandmother died in Shanghai, wrote that “The most difficult farewell took place at the cemeteries. We were leaving Vati and Omi in their graves in a strange land. We took photographs of their graves. We knew we would probably never return, and no one would ever visit them.” All content derived from my original research as presented in my 2014 MA Thesis --> https://bit.ly/2CLCrnV. . . . #history #jewishhistory #holocaust #holocausthistory #refugees #refugeehistory #immigrationhistory #china chinesehistory #eastasianhistory #shanghai #jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai #historicitywasalreadytaken #historyblogger #historylovers #historigram https://www.instagram.com/p/ByTX2wKFAHV/?igshid=rj3szqmol1k

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A refugee dentist at work in the Jewish Hospital in Hongkew, early 1940s. Image courtesy of Beit Hatfutsot/The Museum of the Jewish People. Jewish men whom had had high professional standing in Austria and Germany struggled. Evelyn Rubin once encountered a filthy man with matted blonde hair, clad in rags and covered with sores. He had been a renowned judge back in Germany. Many of these men--doctors, professors, lawyers, judges--ended their lives, unable to accept the loss of everything they had worked so hard for and based their identities upon in Germany. All content derived from my original research as presented in my 2014 MA Thesis --> https://bit.ly/2CLCrnV. . . . #history #jewishhistory #worldwarii #secondworldwar #holocaust #holocausthistory #refugees #refugeehistory #immigrationhistory #china #chinesehistory #eastasianhistory #shanghai #jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai #historicitywasalreadytaken #historyblogger #historylovers #historigram https://www.instagram.com/p/Bt1Gn3dFdlK/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1ntxhd8xikzmy

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Shanghai wedding portrait of a Jewish refugee couple Fritz Huber and Lauri, c. 1939-1945. Image courtesy of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. And, life went on. All content derived from my original research as presented in my 2014 MA Thesis --> https://bit.ly/2CLCrnV. . . . #history #jewishhistory #worldwarii #secondworldwar #holocaust #holocausthistory #refugees #refugeehistory #immigrationhistory #china #chinesehistory #eastasianhistory #shanghai #jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai #historicitywasalreadytaken #historyblogger #historylovers #historigram https://www.instagram.com/p/Bt_6NHXld4l/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1aegu5dnt2ypi

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Jewish refugees in Shanghai attending a memorial service on the first anniversary of Kristallnacht, 1939. Image courtesy of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. There were 2,668 Jewish refugees left in Shanghai by February, 1949. In 1956, there were 171 left, 109 in 1957, 56 in 1961, 20 in 1965, and 15 in 1967. In 1982, a Hong Kong newspaper reported the death of the last Jewish refugee left in Shanghai. All content derived from my original research as presented in my 2014 MA Thesis --> https://bit.ly/2CLCrnV. . . . #history #jewishhistory #worldwarii #secondworldwar #holocaust #holocausthistory #refugees #refugeehistory #immigrationhistory #china #chinesehistory #eastasianhistory #shanghai #kristallnacht #jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai #historicitywasalreadytaken #historyblogger #historylovers #historigram https://www.instagram.com/p/ByWAzFplYwM/?igshid=4x8vge77ad8p

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German Jewish refugees observe a Chinese wedding procession, November 12, 1941. Image courtesy of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. They learned a little bit about Chinese culture. All content derived from my original research as presented in my 2014 MA Thesis --> https://bit.ly/2CLCrnV. . . . #history #jewishhistory #worldwarii #secondworldwar #holocaust #holocausthistory #refugees #refugeehistory #immigrationhistory #china #chinesehistory #eastasianhistory #shanghai #jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai #historicitywasalreadytaken #historyblogger #historylovers #historigram https://www.instagram.com/p/BuFQwMjFty9/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=12u4co327ex9

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A gallery in the Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum. The museum’s website interprets China as a savior, and the Jews’ time in Shanghai as a universally pleasant one. It touts its cooperation with Jewish and Holocaust museums around the world, as well as developments in Sino-Israeli relations. Indeed, in 2008, the museum featured an exhibit dedicated to developments in that relationship. As politics move China and Israel closer together, the Jewish refugee community of Shanghai has a newfound place in Chinese and Israeli cultural and political memory; perhaps not an accurate one, but then, when have state constructions of the past ever lined up with the messy realities of history? All content derived from my original research as presented in my 2014 MA Thesis --> https://bit.ly/2CLCrnV. . . . #history #jewishhistory #holocausthistory #refugeehistory #immigrationhistory #china #chinesehistory #shanghai #memory #museums #politics #china #israel #jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai #historicitywasalreadytaken #historyblogger #historylovers #historigram https://www.instagram.com/p/ByqjZ_eFROD/?igshid=1lo5nqyorhhqh

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Members of the Baghdadi Jewish Community of Shanghai handing out sweets to Jewish refugee children, 1938. Image courtesy of Beit Hatfutsot/The Museum of the Jewish People. All content derived from my original research as presented in my 2014 MA Thesis --> https://bit.ly/2CLCrnV. . . . #history #jewishhistory #worldwarii #secondworldwar #holocaust #holocausthistory #refugees #refugeehistory #immigrationhistory #jewishdiaspora #china #chinesehistory #eastasianhistory #shanghai #jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai #historicitywasalreadytaken #historyblogger #historylovers #historigram https://www.instagram.com/p/BtgXWublVlZ/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=165at08qafsc9

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“One Spring, Gurs Camp, 1941” by Karl Robert Bodek (1905–1942) and Kurt Conrad Löw (1914–1980). Image courtesy of Yad Vashem. Ilie Wacs wrote that “Everything we’d been through suddenly paled in comparison. The hunger, the disease…the poverty, none of it mattered anymore. We were lucky. Nobody gassed us. We had our lives.” All content derived from my original research as presented in my 2014 MA Thesis --> https://bit.ly/2CLCrnV. . . . #history #jewishhistory #holocaust #holocausthistory #refugees #refugeehistory #immigrationhistory #shanghai #jewishdiaspora #jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai #historicitywasalreadytaken #historyblogger #historylovers #historigram https://www.instagram.com/historicity_wasalreadytaken/p/BwktLz6Fynp/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=gauw0hvpeh7n

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The September 22, 1943 edition of the Shanghai Jewish Chronicle. Image courtesy of the Leo Baeck Institute. These refugees were so cultured that, after attending one of the many Stateless Refugee performances, they would pen harsh critiques of said performance in one of the two daily newspapers printed and supported by the Shanghai Jewish community. All content derived from my original research as presented in my 2014 MA Thesis --> https://bit.ly/2CLCrnV. . . . #history #jewishhistory #worldwarii #secondworldwar #holocaust #holocausthistory #refugees #refugeehistory #immigrationhistory #china #chinesehistory #eastasianhistory #shanghai #jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai #historicitywasalreadytaken #historyblogger #historylovers #historigram https://www.instagram.com/historicity_wasalreadytaken/p/Bu4svFXlJb1/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=511amyb97duo

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Jewish emigres being processed in Shanghai prior to their departure to the United States, January 23, 1948. Image courtesy of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. According to a poll taken in 1946, 40% of the refugees aspired to settle permanently in the United States. Twenty one percent desired to relocate to Palestine, and 13% to Australia or a Latin American country. The remaining twenty-six percent wanted to return to Austria or Germany. Canada accepted 280 refugees, Australia accepted about 700 refugees in 1946 and then quickly restricted its quota to only three hundred Jewish Displaced Persons [DPs] per year. A further 2,676 refugees emigrated to Israel; many who considered this destination ultimately decided against it, as they feared walking from one war zone into another. Those who returned to Germany, mainly the elderly, found themselves alone, unwanted, and without a home. All content derived from my original research as presented in my 2014 MA Thesis --> https://bit.ly/2CLCrnV. . . . #history #jewishhistory #worldwarii #secondworldwar #holocaust #holocausthistory #refugees #refugeehistory #immigrationhistory #shanghai #jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai #historicitywasalreadytaken #historyblogger #historylovers #historigram https://www.instagram.com/historicity_wasalreadytaken/p/BxavO3MFo28/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=hwyxghbjkim9

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Jewish refugees from Shanghai gather in New York, 1950. According to my Polish Jewish refugee grandmother, the "Shanghai Crowd" which formed in New York City in the post-war years was quite exclusive. Image courtesy of the Leo Baeck Institute. All content derived from my original research as presented in my 2014 MA Thesis --> https://bit.ly/2CLCrnV. . . . #history #jewishhistory #refugees #refugeehistory #immigrationhistory #holocausthistory #shanghai #jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai #ushistory #immigrationpolicy #historicitywasalreadytaken #historyblogger #historylovers #historigram https://www.instagram.com/p/ByLVlXCFPB-/?igshid=qjlxvp7ar8e

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These signs went up all along the boundaries of the “Designated Area” on May 18, 1943. Image courtesy of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. All content derived from my original research as presented in my 2014 MA Thesis --> https://bit.ly/2CLCrnV. . . . #history #jewishhistory #worldwarii #secondworldwar #holocaust #holocausthistory #refugees #refugeehistory #immigrationhistory #china #chinesehistory #eastasianhistory #shanghai #imperialism #japan #japanesehistory #jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai #historicitywasalreadytaken #historyblogger #historylovers #historigram https://www.instagram.com/p/BuSIHV2l0ND/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=ym9bx60kuxjw

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Chinese civilians fleeing Shanghai ahead of the Communist People’s Liberation Army. Image courtesy of Time Magazine. By 1947, the Jewish refugees were growing increasingly aware of Mao Zedong’s territorial gains in the Chinese interior. Jews and Chinese alike feared the encroachment of the CPC, and both groups, unwilling to be trapped under the Communist regime, prepared to flee. All content derived from my original research as presented in my 2014 MA Thesis --> https://bit.ly/2CLCrnV. . . . #history #jewishhistory #holocaust #holocausthistory #refugees #refugeehistory #immigrationhistory #china #chinesehistory #eastasianhistory #shanghai #chinesecivilwar #militaryhistory #jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai #historicitywasalreadytaken #historyblogger #historylovers #historigram https://www.instagram.com/historicity_wasalreadytaken/p/BxA54ttlUpC/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=15bhz2a0yrloi

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Jewish refugees arrive in San Francisco from Shanghai, c. 1945-1947. Image courtesy of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. All content derived from my original research as presented in my 2014 MA Thesis --> https://bit.ly/2CLCrnV. . . . #history #jewishhistory #refugees #refugeehistory #immigrationhistory #holocausthistory #shanghai #jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai #ushistory #immigrationpolicy #historicitywasalreadytaken #historyblogger #historylovers #historigram https://www.instagram.com/p/Bxx3nKmFtI3/?igshid=gg3rmmoyca2

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Jewish refugees arrive in San Francisco from Shanghai, 1949. Image courtesy of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. All content derived from my original research as presented in my 2014 MA Thesis --> https://bit.ly/2CLCrnV. . . . #history #jewishhistory #refugees #refugeehistory #immigrationhistory #holocausthistory #shanghai #jewishrefugeecommunityofshanghai #ushistory #immigrationpolicy #historicitywasalreadytaken #historyblogger #historylovers #historigram https://www.instagram.com/p/Bxst0aEFDRT/?igshid=icc43p2nn6nb