#kidneys healthy to prevent chronic kidney disease

[mghospital]

Best Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment in Narasaraopet | Mahathma Gandhi Hospitals

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a serious medical condition that can lead to a number of complications, including heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Treatment for CKD can be complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. In this blog, we will discuss chronic kidney disease treatment at Mahathma Gandhi Hospital in Narasaraopet.

Mahathma Gandhi Hospital is a well-known hospital in Narasaraopet, Andhra Pradesh, which is equipped with modern facilities and infrastructure to provide comprehensive treatment to patients with various ailments. The hospital has a dedicated team of doctors and staff who specialize in treating patients with kidney-related problems, including CKD.

The treatment of CKD at Mahathma Gandhi Hospital is based on the stage of the disease and the individual needs of the patient. The treatment typically involves a combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, dialysis or kidney transplant.

Medication: The hospital has a team of experienced nephrologists who prescribe medication to slow down the progression of CKD and manage the associated complications. The medication may include drugs to control blood pressure, reduce cholesterol levels, and treat anemia.

Lifestyle changes: The hospital has a dedicated team of dieticians who provide customized diet plans to patients with CKD. The diet plan aims to reduce the workload on the kidneys by limiting the intake of certain foods and fluids. The hospital also provides counseling services to help patients quit smoking, reduce alcohol consumption, and manage stress.

Dialysis: In some cases, when the kidneys are no longer able to function properly, dialysis may be required. Mahathma Gandhi Hospital has a state-of-the-art dialysis unit that provides high-quality dialysis services to patients with CKD. The hospital has experienced dialysis technicians and nurses who ensure that the dialysis procedure is safe and effective.

Kidney transplant: For patients with end-stage renal disease, kidney transplant is the only viable option. Mahathma Gandhi Hospital has a well-established kidney transplant program that provides comprehensive care to patients before, during, and after the transplant procedure. The hospital has a team of experienced transplant surgeons, nephrologists, and transplant coordinators who work together to ensure a successful transplant procedure.

Mahathma Gandhi Hospital in Narasaraopet is a reliable and trusted hospital for the treatment of CKD. The hospital provides comprehensive care to patients with CKD, including medication, lifestyle changes, dialysis, and kidney transplant. The hospital has a team of experienced doctors and staff who are committed to providing high-quality care to patients with CKD. If you or a loved one is suffering from CKD, consider seeking treatment at Mahathma Gandhi Hospital. 

Get Appointment:

Call: +91 8647230007

Visit: https://mahathmagandhihospitals.com/service/nephrology/

[mariacallous]

On a recent Thursday afternoon, researchers Lanuza Faccioli and Zhiping Hu wheeled an inconspicuous black and white plastic cooler from an operating room at a hospital in downtown Pittsburgh. Inside was a badly scarred liver, just removed from a 47-year-old man undergoing a transplant to receive a new one from a donor.

But what if patients could avoid that fate? Faccioli and Hu are part of a University of Pittsburgh team led by Alejandro Soto-Gutiérrez attempting to revive badly damaged livers like these—as well as kidneys, hearts, and lungs. Using messenger RNA, the same technology used in some of the Covid-19 vaccines, they’re aiming to reprogram terminally ill organs to be fit and functioning again. With donor livers in short supply, they think mRNA could one day provide an alternative to transplants. The team plans to begin a clinical trial next year to test the idea in people with end-stage liver disease.

Alcohol use, hepatitis infection, and a buildup of fat in the liver can cause scarring over time. When there’s too much damage, the liver starts to fail. “Right now, if you get end-stage liver disease, it’s irreversible,” Soto-Gutiérrez says. “Well, we found that is not true. It is reversible.”

Soto-Gutiérrez and his team have been experimenting on rats and organs taken from people undergoing transplants at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, one of the busiest transplant centers in the US. To help design the mRNA and figure out how to deliver it to the human liver, they’ve partnered with Drew Weissman, a physician and immunologist at the University of Pennsylvania who won the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his pioneering work on mRNA. Together, Soto-Gutiérrez and Weissman lead the Center for Transcriptional Medicine, launched in April with the goal of bringing these medicines to patients.

On the day I visited, I followed Faccioli and Hu through a maze of hallways until they deposited the freshly explanted liver at a pathology lab, where a team of scientists was anticipating the special delivery. After infusing the liver with an experimental mRNA therapy, they placed the organ in an oxygenated bath meant to maintain its function for several days.

A healthy liver is spongy and reddish-brown in color with a smooth appearance. But when the surgeons took this one out of the cooler, it was hard, marbled, and covered in bumps—evidence of cirrhosis, a type of end-stage liver disease. Over time, the man’s healthy liver cells had been replaced by scar tissue, and eventually, his liver stopped working. His only option was to get a new one.

Livers are the second most in-demand organ. In 2023, a record 10,660 liver transplants were performed in the US, driven in part by a steadily growing number of living donors. In a living liver transplant, a piece is taken from a healthy person’s liver and transplanted into a recipient. But even with this uptick in transplants, not everyone who needs a new liver receives one. Patients may have other health problems that disqualify them from a transplant, and others may die while waiting for one. In 2022, the latest year for which data is available, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recorded nearly 55,000 deaths due to chronic liver disease.

Living donor transplants are possible because of the liver’s unique capacity to regenerate itself—more so than any other organ in the body. In a healthy person, the liver can regrow to its normal size even after up to 90 percent of it has been removed. But disease and lifestyle factors can cause permanent damage, rendering the liver unable to repair itself.

When Soto-Gutiérrez was studying medicine at the University of Guadalajara in Mexico, his uncle died of liver disease. From then on, he became dedicated to finding a treatment for patients like his uncle. In the early years of his medical career, he noticed that some patients with scarred livers were bound to a hospital bed waiting for a transplant, while other people with cirrhosis were walking around, seemingly living normal lives. He figured there must be cellular differences in these livers.

He teamed up with UPMC transplant surgeon Ira Fox to look for transcription factors—master regulators that can dial up or down the expression of groups of genes—that can potentially reprogram injured organs. Genes rely on transcription factors to perform many essential functions in organs. Together, Soto-Gutiérrez and Fox have analyzed more than 400 failing livers donated by transplant patients. When they compared them with dozens of normal donated livers that acted as controls, they identified eight transcription factors essential for organ development and function.

They zeroed in on one in particular, HNF4 alpha, that seems to act like a main control panel, regulating much of the gene expression in liver cells. In healthy liver cells, levels of HNF4 alpha were turned up, and so were other proteins it controls. But in the cirrhotic livers they examined, HNF4 alpha was almost nonexistent.

The team needed a way to get the transcription factor into liver cells, so they turned to mRNA technology. Used in some of the Covid-19 vaccines, mRNA is a molecule that carries instructions for making proteins, including transcription factors. In the Covid vaccines, the mRNA codes for a part of the virus known as the spike protein. When injected into a person’s arm, the mRNA enters cells and kicks off the protein-making process. The body recognizes these spike proteins as foreign and generates antibodies and other defenders against it.

The Pitt team is using mRNA instead to essentially turn back time in injured organs. “What we’re proposing to do with mRNA is use it to deliver proteins that have the capacity to repair those damaged liver cells,” Weissman says. “Our hope is that we can treat end-stage liver disease and turn the livers around, maybe forever, or at least until patients can get a transplanted organ liver.” Instead of delivering instructions for a foreign protein to generate an immune response, they’re delivering the genetic code for producing a transcription factor—HNF4 alpha.

In a paper published in 2021, the approach revived human liver cells in lab dishes. The researchers have since tested the mRNA therapy in rats with cirrhosis and liver failure. They treated a group of rats every three days for three weeks while a second group served as a control. The animals that were receiving the injection of HNF4 alpha started being more active. The untreated rats continued to decline and eventually died, the expected result at their stage of disease. Some of the treated rats were still living six weeks after receiving the mRNA medicine. Those results have not yet been published in a peer reviewed journal.

The team is also testing the mRNA infusions in human livers removed from patients undergoing transplants—the process I got to observe. Unlike live rats, explanted human livers can’t be observed for weeks on end. Livers have to be retrieved quickly and infused with the mRNA treatment soon after they’re removed from the body. They stay fresh for just four days or so in a preservation fluid. Six hours after the mRNA infusion, levels of HNF4 alpha start going up and last for two to three days. When HNF4 alpha peaks, other essential liver proteins, such as albumin, start to increase as well. That’s important, Soto-Gutiérrez says, because maintaining those protein levels could mean the difference between a patient needing a transplant or not.

Ideally, Soto-Gutiérrez says the mRNA therapy would be something patients could get once a week or every other week in an outpatient facility and go back home. But initially, they’ll need to test the experimental treatment in very sick patients, likely ones that are hospitalized, to make sure it’s safe. The team is gathering data from the rat and human liver experiments to submit a clinical trial application to the Food and Drug Administration in the coming months.

While livers are the first target, Fox thinks other injured organs may be amenable to this approach. “We’ve been wondering whether the same process might be taking place in other organs,” he says. Currently, the team is searching for similar transcription factors in lungs with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and kidneys with chronic kidney disease.

Josh Levitsky, a liver transplant specialist at Northwestern University who isn’t involved in the work, says new treatments for chronic liver disease are sorely needed. Current therapies can help slow down scar tissue buildup and ease symptoms but don’t address the underlying disease. “The concept of reprogramming and being able to reverse liver failure could be really game changing if it were to pan out in clinical studies,” he says.

But lots of questions remain. How much damage could be reversed? Would patients need to be on the therapy indefinitely? Or would their livers rebound enough to go off it? Could a liver ever be restored back to normal?

“It certainly has a lot of promise,” Levitsky says, “but the clinical development is going to take a long time.”

[megpricephotography]

Poor Flynnie has to have an ultrasound scan on Thursday :( He is STILL having some pretty severe gut problems, 2 months after they started... Plus, the most recent blood test we did showed up some slightly “off” results, nothing major but various levels were a bit higher, or lower than they should be - including some stuff related to kidney function.

After seeing the results, the vet asked me to get a urine sample. It turns out Flynn’s losing protein in his urine & his urine is also too dilute. High protein levels in urine often happens because a dog has chronic kidney disease but it can also be a temporary issue, due to infection/inflammation, (or other illnesses... like cancer, which I hope is very unlikely to be the cause here). Regardless of the reason it is happening, it puts a strain on the kidneys. Or, in Flynn’s case, a strain on his kidney. Singular. Flynn only has 1 kidney... so we really can’t mess around with this. He’s now on a “renal diet” & if it’s safe, may start on ACE inhibitors to reduce strain on his kidney. The ultrasound will look at both Flynn’s gut & his kidney, so I guess we’ll just have to wait & see if anything shows up. 

I lost Barney, less than 3 weeks ago - after he’d had the exact same infection as Flynn. Barney went from having mild kidney disease, to being in kidney failure in the space of less than a month. Barney was very elderly, of course... but, still... I don’t know what is going on with Flynn. He’s been treated twice for giardia infection, we’ve been manically cleaning to prevent reinfection, he’s on probiotics & was on GI food. He is an apparently otherwise healthy dog & he really should be getting better by now & instead, if anything he seems in some ways worse than he was 6-8 weeks ago. Argh, I am so stressed. My poor little guy :( 

[xtruss]

Credit: Dana Smith

Understanding The Sudden Rise of Type 2 Diabetes In Children

The Metabolic Disorder Was Long Known as a Disease of Adulthood. Now, It’s Spiking in Kids and Teens, With Worrisome Consequences.

— By Charlotte Huff | July 31, 2024

The appearance of type 2 diabetes in children and teens puzzled physicians from the start. Fida Bacha recalls working as a pediatric endocrinology fellow in Pittsburgh shortly after 2000 when young, overweight and obese patients began to arrive at the clinic, some describing increased thirst, more frequent trips to the bathroom and other symptoms of what was then called adult-onset diabetes.

“It was a new realization that we are dealing with a disease that used to be only an adult disease that is now becoming a disease of childhood,” says Bacha, who practices at Texas Children’s Hospital in Houston.

More than two decades later, physicians and researchers are still trying to unravel what’s driving the emergence and proliferation of youth-onset disease, particularly among marginalized communities including Hispanics/Latinos. The increasing prevalence of obesity among young people is clearly one contributor, but researchers are also scrutinizing the potential influence of other lifestyle and environmental factors — everything from exposure to chronic stress and air pollution to sugar-rich diets. Along with physiological factors, such as where they carry excess fat, youths from lower socioeconomic levels may be vulnerable due to aspects of daily life beyond their control, such as more limited access to healthy food and opportunities to safely exercise in less-polluted neighborhoods.

As researchers try to sort out the interplay among genetics, metabolic factors and environmental influences in Hispanic and other populations, their goal is to answer this key question: Why do some seemingly at-risk adolescents progress to diabetes while others do not?

Long-term, the challenges and health stakes are significant. When type 2 diabetes first emerged in youths, clinicians initially thought its progression would mirror that in adults and thus could be treated accordingly. That hasn’t panned out, says Barbara Linder, a pediatric endocrinologist and senior advisor for childhood diabetes research at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). For instance, researchers have determined that metformin, a commonly prescribed oral antidiabetic medication in adults, doesn’t work as well in young people.

“We know that the disease is very aggressive in youth and very difficult to treat,” Linder says. “So it’s really imperative that we develop effective approaches to prevention. And to do this we obviously need to be able to effectively identify which youth are at the highest risk.”

Even with treatment, young people develop other medical problems related to diabetes faster than adults, according to a study that followed 500 youths, more than one-third of them Hispanic. Sixty percent developed at least one complication within about 15 years after diagnosis, when just in their 20s.

“It’s really alarming,” says Luisa Rodriguez, a pediatric endocrinologist who studies type 2 diabetes and obesity in children at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. For every 10 adolescents with youth-onset diabetes, she points out, “six of them, within a decade span, are going to develop a significant comorbidity that will highly impact their lifespan and quality of life.”

Complications of diabetes appear more quickly in young people than in older adults. Researchers studied 500 overweight adolescents, aged 10 to 17, who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Within 15 years of their diagnosis, 60 percent of the participants had developed at least one medical complication of diabetes, and 28 percent had developed two or more.

Insulin Resistance

In type 2 diabetes, the body struggles to use insulin effectively. This vital hormone, made by beta cells in the pancreas, helps glucose in the bloodstream enter cells in muscle, fat and the liver, where it’s used for energy. But sometimes those cells gradually lose their ability to respond to insulin, forcing the beta cells to pump out more and more of it. If the beta cells can’t keep up, blood glucose levels will begin to rise, leading to a diagnosis of prediabetes and, eventually, diabetes.

In the past, type 2 diabetes typically didn’t arise until well into adulthood. But now, cases in US youths ages 10 to 19 are rising fast. Since 2002-2003, overall diagnoses have doubled from 9 per 100,000 youths to 17.9 per 100,000 in 2017-2018, particularly among Asians, Pacific Islanders, Blacks and Hispanics. If those rising rates persist, the number of type 2 diabetes cases in young people is projected to skyrocket from 28,000 in 2017 to 220,000 by 2060.

Various factors have been linked to insulin resistance in childhood or adolescence, including obesity, inactivity and genetics, according to a review of the causes of type 2 diabetes in youths published in the 2022 Annual Review of Medicine. The disease tends to run in families regardless of race or ethnicity, which suggests that genes matter. Among US Hispanics, adults of Mexican or Puerto Rican heritage are most likely to be diagnosed, followed by Central and South Americans and Cubans.

Obesity is also a contributing factor: Slightly more than one-fourth of Hispanic youths are obese, a higher percentage than for any other major racial or ethnic group. Children also are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes if their mother has the disease or developed gestational diabetes during pregnancy. One theory is that fetal exposure to maternal diabetes while in the womb can spur metabolic changes following birth.

Puberty is also highly influential — most cases are diagnosed after its onset. During puberty, youths temporarily experience insulin resistance, due in large part to an increase in hormones, Linder says. Most youths offset that transient resistance by secreting more insulin, she says. But for reasons that are still unclear, a subpopulation of adolescents does not. “When they’re faced with this stress test of puberty, they can’t increase their insulin secretion enough to compensate,” Linder says. “And that’s probably why they develop type 2 diabetes.”

One analysis, which looked at type 2 diabetes trends from 2002 to 2018, identified the peak age for diagnosis as 16 years in boys and girls. The sole exception involved Black youths, in whom diagnoses peaked at 13 years, and possibly earlier among Black girls, which may be linked to an earlier start of menstruation.

American Diabetes Association guidelines recommend that clinicians screen overweight or obese youths for the disease starting at age 10 or once puberty starts, whichever is earlier, if they have one or more risk factors. These include a family history of the disease, signs of insulin resistance or affiliation with certain racial/ethnic groups, including Hispanic/Latino.

During checkups, clinicians can look for a visible sign of insulin resistance, an associated skin condition called acanthosis nigricans, says Paulina Cruz Bravo, a physician and diabetes researcher at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. The skin changes tend to appear in the neck area or along folds in the skin, including in the armpits and on the elbows and knees, she says. “The top layer of the skin gets thickened. It’s described as a velvety appearance of the skin — it’s darker compared to the skin in other places.”

The thickened, darker, velvety skin shown here, known as acanthosis nigricans, is a potential warning sign of developing type 2 diabetes. The condition is likely to appear on the neck, elbows, knees and other areas where the skin folds. People who notice acanthosis nigricans on themselves or their children should bring it to a doctor’s attention. Credit: S. Dulebohn/Statpearls 2024

Where an adolescent carries any excess pounds also matters, as insulin resistance has been associated with a type of fat called visceral fat, says Alaina Vidmar, a pediatric endocrinologist at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles. Unlike the more common type of fat, called subcutaneous and felt by pinching around the waistline, visceral fat surrounds the liver and other vital organs, increasing the risk for type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease and other conditions.

“You really need the liver to process glucose to be able to utilize your insulin well,” Vidmar says. “And if it is full of fat, you are unable to do that.” Fatty liver disease, which has been associated both with obesity and type 2 diabetes, is most common in Hispanic adults, followed by white adults and Black adults, according to a meta-analysis looking at 34 studies.

Imaging scans would be the ideal way to identify the extent and location of visceral fat in adolescents, Vidmar says. But given that routine scanning would be costly, clinicians can instead measure an adolescent’s waist circumference, “a great surrogate marker,” she says.

Diabetes risk depends not just on how much fat you carry, but where you carry it. People with an “apple” body shape, with much of their fat in the abdomen, are at higher risk of diabetes than those with a “pear” body shape, who carry their fat under the skin, especially on the hips.

Still, obesity accounts for only a portion of the type 2 risk profile, reflecting the complexities involved in understanding the pathophysiology of youth-onset disease. Roughly one-fourth of youths with type 2 diabetes are not obese, according to a meta-analysis published in 2022 in JAMA Network Open. Asian youths are least likely to be obese; roughly one-third don’t meet the criteria for obesity.

Moreover, while obesity and insulin resistance boost the risk of developing diabetes, those factors alone don’t predict whether an adolescent is eventually diagnosed with the disease, according to the authors of the Annual Review of Medicine overview. Instead, they point to the role of impaired beta cell function.

In one study involving 699 youths with type 2 diabetes, the standard antidiabetic drug metformin controlled blood glucose levels in only about half the participants. (The medication was least effective among Black youths, for reasons that are unclear, according to the researchers.) Another analysis of the same study population identified a 20 percent to 35 percent decline in beta function each year in diabetic youths, compared with prior studies showing about a 7 percent to 11 percent annual decline in diabetic adults.

“What we see in the youth is that beta cell function fails very rapidly,” Linder says, adding that the beta cell decline tends to correlate with the lack of response to metformin.

It’s unknown whether specific racial or ethnic groups are more vulnerable to loss of beta cell function, says Linder, who hopes that a new large-scale NIDDK study launching this summer will identify any such physiological and other differences among populations. The study, called Discovery of Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in Youth Consortium, aims to enroll 3,600 overweight or obese adolescent boys and girls, 36 percent of them Hispanic. Bacha and other investigators on the project plan to follow the youths through puberty, looking at genetic and physiological markers such as insulin resistance and beta cell function. Their goal is to track who develops type 2 diabetes and what factors precipitate the disease.

In addition, researchers will learn about the participants’ mental health, lifestyles and social determinants of health, Linder says. To that end, families will be asked to share details about nutrition, physical activity and sleep, as well as food insecurity, exposure to racism and other stressors.

“Stress induces certain hormones that antagonize insulin, so they create more insulin resistance,” Linder says. “Stress also is associated with chronic inflammation in the body, which affects the ability of the body to respond normally.”

Young people experience many of the risk factors that predispose people to type 2 diabetes, such as prenatal exposures, junk food, sedentary lifestyles and high levels of stress.

Zooming in on Risk Factors in Hispanic Kids

Already, researchers who have studied at-risk Hispanic youths and their families have begun to flesh out environmental and other influences rooted in daily life that can boost the likelihood of obesity or diabetes. Michael Goran, a child obesity researcher at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, has led a research project called the Study of Latino Adolescents at Risk (SOLAR), which tracked 328 Hispanic/Latino youths considered at highest risk of youth-onset diabetes based on their body mass index and family history of the disease. The participants, recruited in two waves between 2000 and 2015, completed health questionnaires and underwent annual exams, including imaging scans and other measurements.

One analysis found that Hispanic youths who lived in neighborhoods with higher levels of air pollution were more likely to experience a breakdown in beta cell function. “Which we weren’t necessarily expecting — we don’t know the mechanism of that,” says Goran, who coauthored a close look at pediatric insulin resistance in the 2005 Annual Review of Nutrition.

In more recent years, he’s turned his attention to studying nutrition shortly after birth, with a focus on infant formulas that contain corn syrup. Those formulas are more likely to spike blood sugar than are lactose-based formulas, he says. “If you’re spiking blood glucose with corn syrup in babies,” he says, “you can see how that would be problematic for long-term control of blood sugars.”

In one study, Goran and colleagues looked at obesity trends in 15,246 children who received formula through the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Babies who consumed any formula with corn syrup were 10 percent more likely to be obese by age 2 than babies who didn’t. Nearly 90 percent of the study’s participants were Hispanic.

In other research, epidemiologist Carmen Isasi of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York helped lead the Study of Latinos (SOL) Youth study, which delved into the extent to which a child’s family circumstances contribute to obesity and metabolic changes that may boost risk of youth-onset diabetes. Isasi and colleagues found chronic stress to be pervasive. Three-quarters of parents and caregivers reported stress and 29 percent detailed three or more stressors related to health, work or relationships. The higher the number of parental stressors, the more likely the child was to be obese.

Isasi also has looked at the relationship between food insecurity and metabolic health. Hispanic youths raised in households with the highest levels of food insecurity had significantly worse metabolic results, including elevated blood glucose and triglycerides, a type of cholesterol. Families dealing with food insecurity, Isasi says, probably have a lower-quality diet and skimp on costlier protein and fresh produce.

Preventing diabetes has proved challenging. A review paper looking at diet-related and other lifestyle initiatives targeting Hispanic youths found few studies to date that have shown improvements in body mass index or blood glucose levels.

Adolescents of lower socioeconomic status may also shoulder responsibilities that can undercut efforts to stay healthy, says Erica Soltero, a behavioral scientist at Houston’s Baylor College of Medicine, who works with Hispanic youths. For instance, older teens may struggle to attend an exercise class if they have an after-school job or must pick up younger siblings or start dinner. Technology, Soltero says, may be a better way to reach busy Hispanic teens; she’s piloting a study that will provide text-based lifestyle guidance to Hispanic teens with obesity.

Approved medication options remain limited for children and teens. If metformin doesn’t work, the alternative is insulin, and parents may resist giving injections because of the difficulties involved, Rodriguez says. She’s involved with an ongoing study in youths with type 2 diabetes to study the effectiveness of oral semaglutide, one of the newer diabetes drugs that also has achieved notable weight loss. Rodriguez estimates the results will be available by 2026.

The new NIDDK study won’t assess medication treatments, as it’s an observational study. But researchers involved are bullish that study-related insights could lead to better prevention and treatment approaches. “If someone is predisposed to beta cell dysfunction, should we be much more aggressive in treating their overweight/obesity,” Bacha says, “so that this beta cell function is preserved for a longer period of time?” Doctors could, for example, decide to start treatment earlier, she says.

Neither are researchers like Soltero deterred by the long-standing difficulties involved with revamping lifestyle habits. Soltero, who has worked with overweight and obese Hispanic adolescents to improve exercise and make dietary changes, describes them as often highly motivated given the damage they’ve seen the disease inflict on their own families.

“A lot of times they’ll have a touch point with a relative who’s on dialysis and maybe had a digit amputated,” Soltero says. Or “they’ll say, ‘I don’t want to prick myself every day like my Uncle So-and-So.’ Or ‘I don’t want to be on medicine for the rest of my life like my grandma.’ ”

[dr-smita-goel-homeopathy-clinic]

*Dr. Smita Goel Homeopathy Clinic*

www.thehomeopathyclinic.co.in

A person with short stature, or restricted growth, does not grow as tall as other people of the same gender, age, and ethnicity. The person's height is below the 3rd percentile.

Short stature can be a variant of normal growth, or it may indicate a disorder or condition.

Growth rate is an important indicator of overall health. Children who do not reach the 5th percentile by the age of 5 years are said to be small for gestational age (SGA). A pediatrician will look out for signs of "failure to thrive."

Early intervention can prevent future problems in many cases.

Normally, at 8 years of age, a child's arm span is around the same as their height. If these measurements are out of proportion, this may be a sign of disproportionate short stature (DSS), sometimes known as "dwarfism."

Fast facts on short stature

Here are some key points about short stature. More detail is in the main article.

• Short stature can happen for a wide range of reasons, including having small parents, malnutrition, and genetic conditions such as achondroplasia.

• Proportionate short stature (PSS) is when the person is small, but all the parts are in the usual proportions. In disproportionate short stature (DSS), the limbs may be small compared with the trunk.

• If short stature results from a growth hormone (GH) deficiency, GH treatment can often boost growth.

• Some people may experience long-term medical complications, but intelligence is not usually affected.

Causes

Growth depends on a complex range of factors, including genetic makeup, nutrition, and hormonal influences.

The most common cause of short stature is having parents whose height is below average, but around 5 percent of children with short stature have a medical condition.

Conditions that can underlie short stature include:

• Undernutrition, due to a disease or lack of nutrients

• Hypothyroidism, leading to a lack of growth hormone

• A tumor in the pituitary gland

• Diseases of the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, or gastrointestinal tract

• Conditions that affect the production of collagen and other proteins

• Some chronic diseases, such as celiac disease and other inflammatory disorders

• Mitochondrial disease, which can affect the body in different ways, including growth

Sometimes, an injury to the head during childhood can lead to reduced growth.

A lack of growth hormone can also lead to delayed or absent sexual development.

Rheumatologic diseases, such as arthritis, are linked to short stature. This may happen because of the disease, or as a result of the glucocorticoid treatment, which can affect the release of growth hormone.

Disproportionate short stature (DSS) usually stems from a genetic mutation that affects the development of bone and cartilage and undermines physical growth.

The parents may not have short stature, but they may pass on a condition that is linked to DSS, such as achondroplasia, mucopolysaccharide disease, and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED).

Types

There are different types and causes of short stature, or restricted growth, and they will present differently. Because the range of conditions is so broad, restricted growth can be classified in various ways.

One categorization is:

• Variant restricted growth

• Proportionate short stature (PSS)

• Disproportionate short stature (DSS)

Each of these categories includes a number of types and causes of short stature.

Variant restricted growth

Sometimes a person is small but otherwise healthy. This can be referred to as variant restricted growth. It may happen for genetic or hormonal reasons.

If the parents are also small, this can be called familial short stature (FSS). If it stems from a hormonal issue, it is a constitutional delay in growth and adolescence (CDGA).

The limbs and the head develop in proportion with the spine, and the individual is otherwise healthy.

Growth happens throughout the body, so the legs, for example, are in proportion with the spine.

In most cases, the individual's parents are also small, but sometimes small stature happens because the body does not produce enough growth hormone (GH), or the body does not process growth hormone properly. This is known as GH insensitivity. Hypothyrodism can lead to low hormone production.

Growth hormone treatment during childhood may help.

Proportionate short stature (PSS)

Sometimes, overall growth is restricted, but the person's body is in proportion, and the individual has a related health problem. This is known as proportionate short stature (PSS).

If the individual is heavy for their height, this can suggest a hormone problem. The problem could be hypothyroidism, excess glucorticoid production, or too little GH.

A person who is small and their weight is low for their height may be experiencing malnutrition, or they may have a disorder that leads to malabsorption.

Whatever the underlying reason, if it affects overall growth, it may impact development in at least one body system, so treatment is needed.

During adulthood, a person with this type of restricted growth is more likely to experience:

• osteoporosis

• cardiovascular problems

• reduced muscle strength

Rarely, there may be cognitive problems, or problems with thinking. This depends on the cause of the short stature.

Disproportionate short stature (DSS)

Disproportionate short stature (DSS) is linked to a genetic mutation. The parents are usually of average height. As with other types of short stature, a range underlying causes is possible.

An individual with DSS will be small in height, and they will have other unusual physical features. These may be visible at birth, or they may develop in time as the infant develops.

Most individuals will have an average-sized trunk and short limbs, but some people may have a very short trunk and shortened, but disproportionately large limbs. Head size may be disproportionately large.

Intelligence or cognitive abilities are unlikely to be affected unless the person has hydrocephalus, or too much fluid around the brain.

Achondroplasia underlies around 70 percent of cases of DSS. It affects around 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 40,000 people.

Features include:

• an average-sized trunk

• short limbs, especially the upper arms and legs

• short fingers, possibly with a wide space between the middle and ring fingers

• limited mobility in the elbows

• a large head with a prominent forehead and flattened bridge of the nose

• bowed legs

• lordosis, a progressive development of a swayed lower back

• average adult height of 4 feet, or 122 cm

Hypochondroplasia is a mild form of achondroplasia. It may be difficult to differentiate between familial short stature and achondroplasia.

Achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia result from a genetic mutation.

Genetic conditions, such as Turner syndrome, Down syndrome, or Prader Willi syndrome, are also linked to DSS.

Diagnosis

Some types of short stature can be diagnosed at birth. In other cases, routine visits to a pediatrician should reveal any abnormal growth pattern.

The doctor will record the child's head circumference, height, and weight.

If the doctor suspects restricted growth, they will carry out a physical examination, look at the child's medical and family history, and possibly carry out some tests.

These may include:

An x-ray, to assess for problems with bone development

An insulin tolerance test, to check for a deficiency in the growth hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).

In this test, insulin is injected into a vein, causing blood glucose levels to drop. Normally, this would trigger the pituitary gland to release growth hormone (GH). If GH levels are lower than normal, there may be a GH deficiency.

Other tests include:

• a thyroid-stimulating hormone test, to check for hypothyroidism

• a complete blood count, to test for anemia

• metabolic tests, to assess liver and kidney function

• erythrocyte sedimentation and C-reactive protein tests, to assess for inflammatory bowel disease

• urine tests can check for enzyme deficiency disorders

• tissue transglutinase and immunoglobulin A tests, for celiac disease

• imaging scans, such as an x-ray of the skeleton and the skull or an MRI, can detect problems with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus

• bone marrow or skin biopsies may help confirm conditions associated with short stature

Treatment

Treatment will depend on the cause of the short stature.

If there are signs of malnutrition, the child may need nutritional supplements or treatment for a bowel disorder or other condition that is preventing them from absorbing nutrients.

If growth is restricted or delayed because of a hormonal problem, GH treatment may be necessary.

Pediatric hormone treatment: In children who produce too little GH, a daily injection of hormone treatment may stimulate physical growth later in life. Medications, such as somatropin, may eventually add 4 inches, or 10 centimeters, to adult height.

Adult hormone treatment

: Treatment for adults can help protect against complications, for example, cardiovascular disease and low bone mineral density.

Somatropin, also known as recombinant GH, might be recommended for people who:

• have a severe growth hormone deficiency

• experience impaired quality of life

• are already receiving treatment for another pituitary hormone deficiency

Adult patients generally self-administer daily with an injection.

Adverse effects of somatropin include headache, muscle pain, edema, or fluid retention, problems with eyesight, joint pain, vomiting, and nausea.

The patient may receive treatment to control chronic conditions, such as heart disease, lung disease, and arthritis.

Treatment for DSS

As DSS often stems from a genetic disorder, treatment focuses mainly on the complications.

Some patients with very short legs may undergo leg lengthening. The leg bone is broken and then fixed into a special frame. The frame is adjusted daily to lengthen the bone.

This does not always work, it takes a long time, and there is a risk of complications, including:

• pain

• the bone forming badly or at an inappropriate rate

• infection

• deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a blood clot in a vein

Other possible surgical treatments include:

• use of growth plates, where metal staples are inserted into the ends of long bones where growth takes place, to help bones grow in the right direction

• inserting staples or rods to help the spine form the right shape

• increasing the size of the opening in the bones of the spine to reduce pressure on the spinal cord

Regular monitoring can reduce the risk of complications.

Complications

A person with DSS may experience a number of complications.

These include:

• arthritis later in life

• delayed mobility development

• dental problems

• bowed legs

• hearing problems and otitis media

• hydrocephalus, or too much fluid in the brain cavities

• hunching of the back

• limb problems

• swaying of the back

• narrowing of the channel in the lower spine during adulthood and other spine problem

• sleep apnea

• weight gain

• speech and language problems

Individuals with proportionate short stature (PSS) may have poorly developed organs and pregnancy complications, such as respiratory problems. Delivery will normally be by cesarean section.

Outlook

Most people with short stature will have a normal life expectancy, and 90 percent of children who are small for their age at 2 years will "catch up" by adulthood.

The 10 percent who do not catch up are likely to have a condition such as fetal alcohol, Prader-Willi, or Down syndrome.

A person with achondroplasia can also expect a normal lifespan.

However, some serious conditions that are linked to some cases of short stature can be fatal.

[seogoogle1]

The Bountiful Benefits of a Vegan Lifestyle on Health

Introduction: In recent years, the popularity of veganism has soared, not only as a dietary choice but as a lifestyle embraced by many for its ethical, environmental, and health considerations. While the ethical and environmental arguments for veganism are compelling, this article will delve into the myriad health benefits that come with adopting a vegan diet and lifestyle. From reducing the risk of chronic diseases to promoting overall well-being, veganism offers a wealth of advantages for those who choose to embrace it.

Lower Risk of Chronic Diseases: One of the most significant health benefits of adopting a vegan diet is the reduced risk of chronic diseases. Numerous studies have shown that Vegan Health Benefits tend to have lower rates of heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer compared to omnivores. The absence of animal products in the diet means lower intake of saturated fats and cholesterol, which are known contributors to cardiovascular problems. Additionally, the abundance of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and legumes in a vegan diet provides essential nutrients and antioxidants that help combat inflammation and oxidative stress, further lowering the risk of chronic diseases.

Weight Management and Improved Metabolic Health: Obesity and overweight are significant contributors to various health issues, including heart disease, diabetes, and joint problems. Vegan Health Benefits, typically rich in fiber and low in saturated fats, can aid in weight management and improve metabolic health. Plant-based foods tend to be less calorie-dense while being more nutrient-dense, allowing individuals to feel fuller for longer periods and consume fewer calories overall. Furthermore, studies have indicated that vegan diets may enhance insulin sensitivity, potentially reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Enhanced Digestive Health: A plant-based diet is naturally high in dietary fiber, which plays a crucial role in maintaining digestive health. Fiber promotes regular bowel movements, prevents constipation, and supports a healthy gut microbiome. By fostering the growth of beneficial bacteria in the colon, fiber helps reduce the risk of digestive disorders such as diverticulitis, hemorrhoids, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Moreover, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains provides ample prebiotics—non-digestible fibers that nourish gut bacteria—further supporting digestive wellness.

Lower Blood Pressure and Reduced Risk of Stroke: High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a significant risk factor for stroke, heart disease, and kidney failure. Vegan Health Benefits, characterized by their emphasis on whole plant foods and minimal processed foods, have been shown to help lower blood pressure levels. The abundance of potassium-rich foods, such as leafy greens, bananas, and potatoes, helps counteract the effects of sodium and promote healthy blood pressure. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory properties of plant-based foods contribute to improved vascular function and reduced arterial stiffness, further decreasing the risk of stroke and other cardiovascular events.

Improved Skin Health and Anti-Aging Benefits: The saying "you are what you eat" holds true when it comes to skin health. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats can contribute to a radiant complexion and delay signs of aging. Plant-based foods are loaded with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that nourish the skin from within, helping to combat oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, the absence of dairy products in a Vegan Health Benefits may benefit individuals prone to acne, as dairy consumption has been linked to increased acne severity in some studies. By promoting hydration, collagen production, and overall skin vitality, a vegan diet can help individuals achieve a healthier, more youthful appearance.

Potential Reduction in Allergic Reactions and Food Sensitivities: Food allergies and sensitivities can significantly impact one's quality of life, leading to uncomfortable symptoms and dietary restrictions. While allergies are primarily determined by genetics and immune system responses, some evidence suggests that vegan diets may help reduce the risk or severity of certain allergic reactions. By eliminating common allergens such as dairy, eggs, and shellfish, individuals may experience relief from symptoms related to food allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, the diversity of plant-based foods in a vegan diet can help support a robust immune system, potentially reducing the likelihood of developing new allergies over time.

Conclusion: The health benefits of a vegan lifestyle are vast and compelling, offering individuals the opportunity to improve their well-being while making ethical and sustainable dietary choices. From lowering the risk of chronic diseases to promoting digestive health, veganism provides a holistic approach to nourishing the body and mind. While transitioning to a vegan diet may require thoughtful planning and education to ensure adequate nutrient intake, the rewards in terms of Vegan Health Benefits and vitality are well worth the effort. By embracing a plant-based lifestyle, individuals can not only transform their own health but also contribute to a more sustainable and compassionate world.

Website: https://cruelty.farm

[hiranandanihospitalpowai]

Kidney Diseases in Children - What Parents Need to Know

Kidney diseases are not just limited to adults; children can also be affected. As a parent or caregiver, it's essential to understand these conditions, recognize potential signs, and be prepared to navigate the challenges that come with pediatric kidney issues. In this article, we will shed light on kidney diseases in children, common pediatric kidney problems, early warning signs, and the necessary steps for parents and caregivers.

Understanding Pediatric Kidney Diseases

1. The Scope: Kidney diseases in children can encompass a wide range of conditions, from congenital anomalies to acquired diseases. These conditions may affect the structure or function of the kidneys, impacting their ability to filter waste and regulate fluids.

2. Congenital Kidney Conditions: Understanding congenital kidney issues in children is crucial for early detection and intervention. Some children are born with kidney issues, such as congenital anomalies like hydronephrosis, polycystic kidney disease, or renal agenesis. Hiranandani Hospital Kidney plays a significant role in providing specialized care and treatment for these conditions, ensuring that affected children receive the necessary medical attention and support for improved health outcomes.

3. Acquired Kidney Diseases: Children can also develop kidney diseases later in life due to infections, autoimmune disorders, or other underlying medical conditions. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital for managing these acquired conditions.

Early Warning Signs

1. Urinary Changes: Keep an eye out for changes in your child's urinary habits. Frequent urination, painful urination, or bedwetting beyond a certain age can be indicators of kidney issues.

2. Swelling: Noticeable swelling in the face, limbs, or abdomen may be a sign of kidney problems, as impaired kidney function can lead to fluid retention.

3. High Blood Pressure: Hypertension is not exclusive to adults. Elevated blood pressure in children can sometimes point to underlying kidney issues.

4. Growth and Development: Poor growth or delayed development could be attributed to chronic kidney disease, affecting the body's ability to absorb essential nutrients.

5. Fatigue and Anemia: Kidney problems may cause anemia and fatigue, as the kidneys play a role in producing erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production.

.

Read For More Blog: Causes and Treatments for Acne and Prevention Tips

Navigating Pediatric Kidney Care

1. Timely Consultation: If you notice any warning signs, consult a pediatric nephrologist promptly. Early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve outcomes.

2. Diagnostic Tests: Your child may undergo various tests, including blood work, urinalysis, imaging studies, and kidney biopsies, to determine the nature and extent of kidney disease.

3. Treatment Approaches: Treatment will depend on the specific kidney condition. It might involve medications, dietary changes, or even dialysis in severe cases. Some children may require a kidney transplant.

4. Emotional Support: Pediatric kidney diseases can be emotionally challenging for children and their families. Seek emotional support through counseling or support groups to help your child cope.

5. Monitoring and Follow-up: Regular follow-up appointments and ongoing monitoring are crucial to ensure the effectiveness of treatment and the overall well-being of the child.

Conclusion

Kidney diseases in children may present unique challenges, but with awareness, early detection, and timely intervention, the prognosis can be positive. As a parent or caregiver, your vigilance is key to safeguarding your child's kidney health. At Hiranandani Hospital Powai we are here to support you through this journey, providing expert care and guidance for pediatric kidney issues. Your child's health is our priority, and we are dedicated to helping them lead a healthy, kidney-empowered life.

[healingtouchmediclinic]

How can I check if I am diabetic?

 

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that occurs when your body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels. It is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease, but early diagnosis and treatment can help manage it effectively. Therefore, it is crucial to be aware of the early signs of diabetes. Here are ten signs that you should look out for:

Increased thirst: Feeling thirsty frequently is one of the most common symptoms of diabetes. As your body tries to flush out excess sugar through urine, it also eliminates fluids, leading to dehydration and increased thirst.

Frequent urination: When your blood sugar levels are high, your kidneys work harder to filter and absorb glucose, causing more frequent urination. This can also lead to an increased risk of urinary tract infections.

Extreme hunger: When your body can't use glucose effectively, it starts breaking down fat and muscle for energy, leading to hunger pangs even after eating.

Fatigue: If you are feeling unusually tired or lethargic, it could be a sign of diabetes. Your body is not able to use glucose effectively, so your cells don't get the energy they need.

Blurred vision: High blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels in your eyes, causing blurred vision or even blindness if left untreated.

Slow healing: If you notice that cuts or sores take longer than usual to heal, it could be a sign of diabetes. High blood sugar levels can damage nerves and blood vessels, making it harder for your body to heal wounds.

Numbness and tingling: Diabetes can cause nerve damage, leading to numbness and tingling sensations in your hands and feet.

Dry, itchy skin: High blood sugar levels can cause dryness and itchiness in your skin, as well as other skin conditions such as infections and slow healing wounds.

Recurring infections: High blood sugar levels can weaken your immune system, making you more susceptible to infections. Common infections include urinary tract infections, yeast infections, and skin infections.

Unexplained weight loss: If you are losing weight without trying, it could be a sign of diabetes. Your body is breaking down fat and muscle for energy because it cannot use glucose effectively.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see your doctor for a proper diagnosis. Diabetes is a serious medical condition that requires careful management to avoid complications. With proper treatment and lifestyle changes, people with diabetes can live full and healthy lives.

In conclusion, diabetes is a chronic medical condition that affects millions of people around the world. It is crucial to be aware of the early signs of diabetes to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment. If you notice any of the symptoms mentioned above, it is important to see your doctor right away. Remember, early detection and management can help prevent complications and ensure a healthier life

[wellbeingwise]

"Fuel your body the right way with a balanced diet" 

Importance of a balanced diet for overall health & well-being

"Maintaining a balanced diet is crucial for achieving optimal health and well-being! A balanced diet provides essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals that promote the proper functioning of our body. It also reduces the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. So let's make conscious food choices every day to nourish our bodies and live healthier lives!" 

- Tips to create a healthy meal plan by including whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean protein sources and healthy fats

1. Start by setting realistic goals and think about the foods you enjoy eating to create a balanced meal plan.

2. Choose a variety of whole grain sources such as quinoa, brown rice, and whole wheat bread.

3. Incorporate fruits and vegetables into your daily meals in a variety of colors for different nutrients.

4. Opt for lean protein sources including chicken breast, fish, tofu, eggs or legumes (beans/lentils).

5. Include healthy fats like avocado, nuts/seeds or olive oil as part of your meals but in moderation to maintain energy balance.

6. Plan ahead by batch cooking and prepping snack options to avoid reaching for processed foods when time is tight.

7. Try new recipes that incorporate these key ingredients- there are plenty available online!

8. Keep portion sizes reasonable - use smaller plates or bowls if necessary 

9.Create an enjoyable eating environment , sit down at table  without distractions e.g electronic devices

10.Consult with a Registered Dietitian who can guide you on creating individualized meal plans based on specific needs and preferences 

- Benefits of drinking water and staying hydrated

Drinking water and staying hydrated have many benefits, including:

1. Regulating body temperature

2. Maintaining bodily functions 

3. Improving physical performance 

4. Boosting cognitive function 

5. Aiding digestion and preventing constipation 

6. Promoting healthy skin 

7. Reducing the risk of kidney stones and urinary tract infections 

Overall, drinking enough water is crucial for maintaining good health and preventing dehydration-related complications.

[mghospital]

How to Prevent Yourself From Getting Infected Immune System | Mahathma Gandhi Hospitals

How to prevent yourself from getting infected?

The following are some of the preventive steps to reduce the risk of infection:

CDC recommends constantly washing the hands with soap and water for 20 seconds. Also, avoid touching your face, eyes, mouth, and nose with dirty and unwashed hands. 

Stay away from people who are constantly sneezing and coughing. Regularly disinfecting frequently touched surfaces, such as the doorknobs and handles helps too .

Staying warm, eating a balanced diet, and keeping yourself hydrated also help keep  infections at bay.

When to seek medical advice?

You should immediately contact your healthcare provider if you experience any of the following symptoms:

Troubled breathing

Constant chest or abdominal pain

Extreme muscle pain or weakness

Seizures

Troubled urinating

Recurrent fever and coughs

Constant lightheadedness or confusion

Worsening of existing chronic medical condition

Cold weather calls for hot beverages and warm clothes and blankets. It also demands you take preventive measures, such as staying warm, eating healthy food, staying away from people with infections , handwashing and keeping yourself hydrated. These measures may save you from respiratory tract infections in the winter. 

Get Appointment:

Call: 08647-230 007, 230008

Visit: https://mahathmagandhihospitals.com/service/pulmonology/

[sarveshhealthcity]

What is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a condition that affects the strength and density of bones, leading to increased fragility and susceptibility to fractures. It is a common condition and Osteoporotic fractures affect around 10 million Indians each year, with women being more susceptible than men. This article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of Osteoporosis, including its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

Osteoporosis is caused by a combination of factors, including genetics, lifestyle, and hormonal changes.

Some of the most common causes of Osteoporosis include:

Hormonal Changes: As we age, our bodies undergo hormonal changes that can affect bone health. Women, in particular, are at an increased risk of Osteoporosis due to the drop in estrogen levels after menopause.

Genetics: Family history plays a role in Osteoporosis, and those with a family history of the condition are more likely to develop it themselves.

Lifestyle Factors: Lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, a sedentary lifestyle, and a poor diet can all contribute to the development of Osteoporosis.

Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic kidney disease, can also increase the risk of Osteoporosis.

Prevention of Osteoporosis

There are several steps that people can take to reduce their risk of developing Osteoporosis, including:

Eating a healthy diet: A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D can help strengthen bones and reduce the risk of Osteoporosis.

Exercising regularly: Weight-bearing exercises, such as walking and running, can help to strengthen bones and reduce the risk of Osteoporosis.

Quitting smoking: Smoking can contribute to the development of Osteoporosis, so quitting smoking is an essential step in prevention.

Limiting alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can weaken bones and increase the risk of Osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a severe condition that can cause significant damage to bone health. However, it is possible to prevent and manage Osteoporosis by understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

At Sarvesh Health City, we offer comprehensive care for people with Osteoporosis. Our healthcare professional team includes Orthopedics, Orthopedic surgery, and Physical Therapy Specialists. 

If you are concerned about your bone health, we recommend  scheduling an appointment with one of our specialists. We can help you understand your risk of developing Osteoporosis and create a plan to keep your bones healthy and strong. With the proper care and support, people with Osteoporosis can enjoy an active and healthy life free from the risks and complications of this condition.

[plantjudo]

Various Facts And Health Benefits Of Kei Apple

Kei apple has become a household name in Japan since the late 1970s. It’s also known as kiwi apple or Japanese Kiwifruit (Kiwiana). This fruit was initially called Japanese Kiwi due to its similarity to the kiwis found in New Zealand. These days, however, it is commonly used interchangeably.

Today, Kei apples are grown in several countries around the globe, from Spain (where they are also called Pimpinela) to Chile. The United States produces about 75% of the total global production.

“Kei Apples” is used in cooking in various ways. For example, they can be eaten fresh or added to juices and smoothies. They can also be fermented into alcohol. Another way to enjoy them is to add their flavor to ice cream. Some food producers even freeze them and serve them as dessert bars.

Regarding nutrition, Kei apples have less sugar than regular apples but more vitamin C than regular oranges. They are also exceptionally rich in fiber. That means that these fruits will not cause you to gain weight quickly. Kei apples contain higher levels of antioxidants than any other fruit on earth. They may help prevent cancerous cells from growing and even protect your skin against sunburn.

There are two types of Kei apples: Red-skinned and Green-skinned. Both styles come in different shapes and sizes, depending on where they were grown. Generally speaking, green-skinned varieties tend to be smaller, while red-skinned ones tend to be larger.

Health Benefits Of Kei Apple (Dovyalis caffra)

Are you looking out for ways to plant Kei Apple? Then Hire a gardener for a day because Plant Judo will help you with seeds and planting methods.

1. Antioxidant-Rich: A recent study revealed that critical apples contain antioxidants such as polyphenol compounds that fight our body’s free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive oxygen molecules that destroy healthy tissue. This makes critical apples perfect for preventing diseases like cancer and heart disease.

2. Anti-Inflammatory: Due to their high anti-inflammatory properties, kei apples are suitable for people suffering from inflammation-related disorders. It helps reduce swelling and pain caused by arthritis, sore muscles, wounds, and injuries.

3. Anti-Cancer: The presence of lycopene and beta-carotene helps fight off harmful substances that cause cancer. Lycopene is an organic compound in many plants, including tomatoes, watermelons, guavas, and papayas. Beta carotene is a fat-soluble plant pigment found mainly in carrots. Both chemicals help slow cell division so that cells cannot mutate into abnormal forms.

4. Good source of Vitamin C: Like all citrus fruits, Kei apples are loaded with vitamin C. However, apples provide most of their vitamin C content during ripening, unlike other fruit. During storage, vitamin C begins to degrade and become oxidized. So, it’s important to consume fresh apples whenever possible.

5. Nutrient Rich: Like all other fruits, the nutrients found in Kei apples are vital for human health. Among the vitamins, minerals, and essential amino acids, there are several notable ones.

For example, potassium aids normal muscle contraction and relaxation. Magnesium is known to prevent bone loss following menopause. And iron helps us produce blood. I do not forget that fiber plays an integral role in digestion and absorption.

6. Blood Pressure Lowering: Another benefit of consuming Kei apples is their ability to lower blood pressure. High blood pressure has been linked to chronic ailments like coronary artery disease, stroke, and kidney failure.

7. Diuretic: Consuming apples can also aid in reducing fluid retention in your body. Because they contain citric acid, these products stimulate your kidneys to excrete excess fluids out of your body. To reap maximum benefits, make sure you drink plenty of water on top of eating Kei apples regularly.

8. Digestive Aid: Apples contain pectin, a natural substance that acts as a digestive aid. Pectin promotes peristalsis, the movement of food through the intestines. When combined with fiber, it helps pass stool quickly and easily.

9. Treats constipation: You may cause constipation due to a low magnesium intake level. One way to remedy this is to eat Kei apples since they have more than double the amount of magnesium compared to regular apples.

Original Source:- https://neconnected.co.uk/2022/12/02/various-facts-and-health-benefits-of-kei-apple/

[shahbazfahim]

What About Glutathione Injection price in Bangladesh

Glutathione Injection: A Comprehensive Guide

What is Glutathione?

Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant naturally produced by the human body. It plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including detoxification, boosting immunity, and protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals.

Benefits of Glutathione Injection

Skin Whitening: Glutathione is widely known for its ability to lighten skin tone by inhibiting the production of melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. Antioxidant Protection: As an antioxidant, glutathione helps neutralize harmful free radicals, preventing oxidative stress and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Immune System Boost: Glutathione supports a healthy immune system, enabling your body to fight off infections and diseases more effectively. Detoxification: It aids in the removal of toxins and heavy metals from the body, promoting overall health and well-being. Glutathione Injection: Is It Right for You?

While glutathione injections can offer significant benefits, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any treatment. They will assess your individual needs and determine if glutathione injections are suitable for you.

Best Glutathione Injection Price in Bangladesh

Glutathione injection price in Bangladesh can vary depending on the brand, dosage, and the clinic or pharmacy where you purchase it. To ensure you get the best value for your money, it’s recommended to compare prices from different providers.

Tips for Finding the Best Price

Research: Look for reputable clinics or pharmacies that offer glutathione injections.

Compare Prices: Inquire about the cost of the injection, including any additional fees or consultation charges.

Quality: Prioritize quality over price. Ensure the glutathione product is from a trusted brand.

Promotions: Check for any ongoing promotions or discounts that can help you save money.

Glutathione Injection: A Deeper Dive

Types of Glutathione Injections

There are several types of glutathione injections available, each with its own advantages and considerations:

Intramuscular (IM) Injections: These injections are administered into the muscle, allowing for a relatively quick absorption rate.

Intravenous (IV) Injections: IV injections deliver glutathione directly into the bloodstream, providing rapid and efficient absorption.

Subcutaneous (SC) Injections: SC injections are injected under the skin, offering a slower release of glutathione. Dosage and Frequency

The recommended dosage and frequency of glutathione injections will depend on your individual needs and the specific condition being treated. Your healthcare provider will determine the appropriate dosage and treatment plan.

Potential Side Effects

While glutathione injections are generally safe, some individuals may experience mild side effects, such as:

Injection site reactions (e.g., redness, swelling, pain)

Headaches

Fatigue

Nausea

Precautions and Considerations

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, it’s important to consult with your doctor before undergoing glutathione injections.

Allergies: Inform your healthcare provider about any known allergies, especially to medications or other substances.

Medical Conditions: If you have any underlying medical conditions, such as kidney or liver disease, discuss them with your doctor before starting glutathione therapy.

Combining Glutathione with Other Treatments

Glutathione can be used in conjunction with other treatments for certain conditions. For example, it may be combined with vitamin C or alpha-lipoic acid to enhance its antioxidant effects.

Long-Term Benefits

While research on the long-term benefits of glutathione injections is ongoing, many individuals report improvements in skin health, overall well-being, and reduced symptoms of certain conditions.

Consulting a Healthcare Professional:

It’s crucial to consult with a qualified healthcare professional before starting glutathione injections. They will assess your individual needs, determine the appropriate dosage, and monitor your progress throughout the treatment.

By understanding the different types of glutathione injections, potential side effects, and precautions, you can make an informed decision about whether glutathione therapy is right for you.

Conclusion: Glutathione injections can be a valuable tool for improving skin health, boosting immunity, and promoting overall well-being. By understanding the benefits and finding the best Glutathione injection price in Bangladesh, you can make an informed decision about whether glutathione injections are right for you.

[nishmahealthassist]

Kidney Transplant: A Lifesaving Treatment for Renal Failure

A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure performed to treat patients with end-stage kidney disease or chronic kidney failure. This condition occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste from the blood effectively, resulting in dangerous levels of toxins in the body. When kidney function falls below a critical level, dialysis or a kidney transplant becomes necessary to sustain life. A kidney transplant is considered the best long-term solution for many patients, offering the potential for improved quality of life and freedom from dialysis.

How Kidney Transplant Works

A kidney transplant involves replacing a diseased or non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. The donor can be a living person (such as a family member or friend) or a deceased individual who has chosen to donate their organs. The transplanted kidney takes over the function of the failed kidneys, filtering blood and removing waste products through urine, much like a healthy kidney would.

During the transplant surgery, the new kidney is placed in the lower abdomen, and the blood vessels from the donor kidney are connected to the patient’s blood vessels. The ureter, which carries urine from the kidney to the bladder, is also attached. The patient’s original kidneys are usually left in place unless they pose a specific health risk.

Who Needs a Kidney Transplant? 

A kidney transplant is typically recommended for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This is the final stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), in which the kidneys have lost about 90% of their function. Common causes of ESRD include diabetes, high blood pressure, polycystic kidney disease, and glomerulonephritis. While dialysis can help manage the symptoms of kidney failure, it is not a cure, and many patients opt for a transplant to improve their quality of life.

Not everyone with kidney failure is a candidate for a transplant. Factors such as age, overall health, and the presence of other medical conditions play a role in determining eligibility. For example, patients with severe heart disease, infections, or cancer may not be suitable candidates for the procedure.

The Kidney Transplant Process

Before undergoing a kidney transplant, patients must undergo a thorough evaluation to ensure they are medically fit for surgery. This includes blood tests, imaging scans, and consultations with specialists. Patients also need to be matched with a donor, which can take time, especially if a deceased donor is required.

Once a suitable donor is found, the transplant surgery is scheduled. The procedure typically takes 3-4 hours under general anesthesia. After the surgery, patients are closely monitored in the hospital for several days to ensure the new kidney is functioning properly. Most patients can return home within a week.

Life After Kidney Transplant 

A successful kidney transplant can significantly improve the patient’s quality of life. They can enjoy more energy, better appetite, and greater independence compared to life on dialysis. However, patients must take immunosuppressant medications for the rest of their lives to prevent the body from rejecting the new kidney. These medications lower the immune system's ability to attack the transplanted organ but can increase the risk of infections.

Regular follow-up appointments are essential to monitor the function of the new kidney and ensure the patient’s health. With proper care, a transplanted kidney from a living donor can last 15-20 years, while one from a deceased donor may last 10-15 years.

Conclusion

A kidney transplant offers hope for patients with end-stage renal disease, providing them with the chance to live a healthier, more active life. Although the process involves risks and lifelong medication, the benefits of freedom from dialysis and improved well-being make kidney transplantation a highly effective treatment option for those suffering from chronic kidney failure.

[dr-smita-goel-homeopathy-clinic]

*Dr. Smita Goel Homeopathy Clinic*

www.thehomeopathyclinic.co.in

A person with short stature, or restricted growth, does not grow as tall as other people of the same gender, age, and ethnicity. The person's height is below the 3rd percentile.

Short stature can be a variant of normal growth, or it may indicate a disorder or condition.

Growth rate is an important indicator of overall health. Children who do not reach the 5th percentile by the age of 5 years are said to be small for gestational age (SGA). A pediatrician will look out for signs of "failure to thrive."

Early intervention can prevent future problems in many cases.

Normally, at 8 years of age, a child's arm span is around the same as their height. If these measurements are out of proportion, this may be a sign of disproportionate short stature (DSS), sometimes known as "dwarfism."

Fast facts on short stature

Here are some key points about short stature. More detail is in the main article.

• Short stature can happen for a wide range of reasons, including having small parents, malnutrition, and genetic conditions such as achondroplasia.

• Proportionate short stature (PSS) is when the person is small, but all the parts are in the usual proportions. In disproportionate short stature (DSS), the limbs may be small compared with the trunk.

• If short stature results from a growth hormone (GH) deficiency, GH treatment can often boost growth.

• Some people may experience long-term medical complications, but intelligence is not usually affected.

Causes

Growth depends on a complex range of factors, including genetic makeup, nutrition, and hormonal influences.

The most common cause of short stature is having parents whose height is below average, but around 5 percent of children with short stature have a medical condition.

Conditions that can underlie short stature include:

• Undernutrition, due to a disease or lack of nutrients

• Hypothyroidism, leading to a lack of growth hormone

• A tumor in the pituitary gland

• Diseases of the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, or gastrointestinal tract

• Conditions that affect the production of collagen and other proteins

• Some chronic diseases, such as celiac disease and other inflammatory disorders

• Mitochondrial disease, which can affect the body in different ways, including growth

Sometimes, an injury to the head during childhood can lead to reduced growth.

A lack of growth hormone can also lead to delayed or absent sexual development.

Rheumatologic diseases, such as arthritis, are linked to short stature. This may happen because of the disease, or as a result of the glucocorticoid treatment, which can affect the release of growth hormone.

Disproportionate short stature (DSS) usually stems from a genetic mutation that affects the development of bone and cartilage and undermines physical growth.

The parents may not have short stature, but they may pass on a condition that is linked to DSS, such as achondroplasia, mucopolysaccharide disease, and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED).

Types

There are different types and causes of short stature, or restricted growth, and they will present differently. Because the range of conditions is so broad, restricted growth can be classified in various ways.

One categorization is:

• Variant restricted growth

• Proportionate short stature (PSS)

• Disproportionate short stature (DSS)

Each of these categories includes a number of types and causes of short stature.

Variant restricted growth

Sometimes a person is small but otherwise healthy. This can be referred to as variant restricted growth. It may happen for genetic or hormonal reasons.

If the parents are also small, this can be called familial short stature (FSS). If it stems from a hormonal issue, it is a constitutional delay in growth and adolescence (CDGA).

The limbs and the head develop in proportion with the spine, and the individual is otherwise healthy.

Growth happens throughout the body, so the legs, for example, are in proportion with the spine.

In most cases, the individual's parents are also small, but sometimes small stature happens because the body does not produce enough growth hormone (GH), or the body does not process growth hormone properly. This is known as GH insensitivity. Hypothyrodism can lead to low hormone production.

Growth hormone treatment during childhood may help.

Proportionate short stature (PSS)

Sometimes, overall growth is restricted, but the person's body is in proportion, and the individual has a related health problem. This is known as proportionate short stature (PSS).

If the individual is heavy for their height, this can suggest a hormone problem. The problem could be hypothyroidism, excess glucorticoid production, or too little GH.

A person who is small and their weight is low for their height may be experiencing malnutrition, or they may have a disorder that leads to malabsorption.

Whatever the underlying reason, if it affects overall growth, it may impact development in at least one body system, so treatment is needed.

During adulthood, a person with this type of restricted growth is more likely to experience:

• osteoporosis

• cardiovascular problems

• reduced muscle strength

Rarely, there may be cognitive problems, or problems with thinking. This depends on the cause of the short stature.

Disproportionate short stature (DSS)

Disproportionate short stature (DSS) is linked to a genetic mutation. The parents are usually of average height. As with other types of short stature, a range underlying causes is possible.

An individual with DSS will be small in height, and they will have other unusual physical features. These may be visible at birth, or they may develop in time as the infant develops.

Most individuals will have an average-sized trunk and short limbs, but some people may have a very short trunk and shortened, but disproportionately large limbs. Head size may be disproportionately large.

Intelligence or cognitive abilities are unlikely to be affected unless the person has hydrocephalus, or too much fluid around the brain.

Achondroplasia underlies around 70 percent of cases of DSS. It affects around 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 40,000 people.

Features include:

• an average-sized trunk

• short limbs, especially the upper arms and legs

• short fingers, possibly with a wide space between the middle and ring fingers

• limited mobility in the elbows

• a large head with a prominent forehead and flattened bridge of the nose

• bowed legs

• lordosis, a progressive development of a swayed lower back

• average adult height of 4 feet, or 122 cm

Hypochondroplasia is a mild form of achondroplasia. It may be difficult to differentiate between familial short stature and achondroplasia.

Achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia result from a genetic mutation.

Genetic conditions, such as Turner syndrome, Down syndrome, or Prader Willi syndrome, are also linked to DSS.

Diagnosis

Some types of short stature can be diagnosed at birth. In other cases, routine visits to a pediatrician should reveal any abnormal growth pattern.

The doctor will record the child's head circumference, height, and weight.

If the doctor suspects restricted growth, they will carry out a physical examination, look at the child's medical and family history, and possibly carry out some tests.

These may include:

An x-ray, to assess for problems with bone development

An insulin tolerance test, to check for a deficiency in the growth hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).

In this test, insulin is injected into a vein, causing blood glucose levels to drop. Normally, this would trigger the pituitary gland to release growth hormone (GH). If GH levels are lower than normal, there may be a GH deficiency.

Other tests include:

• a thyroid-stimulating hormone test, to check for hypothyroidism

• a complete blood count, to test for anemia

• metabolic tests, to assess liver and kidney function

• erythrocyte sedimentation and C-reactive protein tests, to assess for inflammatory bowel disease

• urine tests can check for enzyme deficiency disorders

• tissue transglutinase and immunoglobulin A tests, for celiac disease

• imaging scans, such as an x-ray of the skeleton and the skull or an MRI, can detect problems with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus

• bone marrow or skin biopsies may help confirm conditions associated with short stature

Treatment

Treatment will depend on the cause of the short stature.

If there are signs of malnutrition, the child may need nutritional supplements or treatment for a bowel disorder or other condition that is preventing them from absorbing nutrients.

If growth is restricted or delayed because of a hormonal problem, GH treatment may be necessary.

Pediatric hormone treatment: In children who produce too little GH, a daily injection of hormone treatment may stimulate physical growth later in life. Medications, such as somatropin, may eventually add 4 inches, or 10 centimeters, to adult height.

Adult hormone treatment

: Treatment for adults can help protect against complications, for example, cardiovascular disease and low bone mineral density.

Somatropin, also known as recombinant GH, might be recommended for people who:

• have a severe growth hormone deficiency

• experience impaired quality of life

• are already receiving treatment for another pituitary hormone deficiency

Adult patients generally self-administer daily with an injection.

Adverse effects of somatropin include headache, muscle pain, edema, or fluid retention, problems with eyesight, joint pain, vomiting, and nausea.

The patient may receive treatment to control chronic conditions, such as heart disease, lung disease, and arthritis.

Treatment for DSS

As DSS often stems from a genetic disorder, treatment focuses mainly on the complications.

Some patients with very short legs may undergo leg lengthening. The leg bone is broken and then fixed into a special frame. The frame is adjusted daily to lengthen the bone.

This does not always work, it takes a long time, and there is a risk of complications, including:

• pain

• the bone forming badly or at an inappropriate rate

• infection

• deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a blood clot in a vein

Other possible surgical treatments include:

• use of growth plates, where metal staples are inserted into the ends of long bones where growth takes place, to help bones grow in the right direction

• inserting staples or rods to help the spine form the right shape

• increasing the size of the opening in the bones of the spine to reduce pressure on the spinal cord

Regular monitoring can reduce the risk of complications.

Complications

A person with DSS may experience a number of complications.

These include:

• arthritis later in life

• delayed mobility development

• dental problems

• bowed legs

• hearing problems and otitis media

• hydrocephalus, or too much fluid in the brain cavities

• hunching of the back

• limb problems

• swaying of the back

• narrowing of the channel in the lower spine during adulthood and other spine problem

• sleep apnea

• weight gain

• speech and language problems

Individuals with proportionate short stature (PSS) may have poorly developed organs and pregnancy complications, such as respiratory problems. Delivery will normally be by cesarean section.

Outlook

Most people with short stature will have a normal life expectancy, and 90 percent of children who are small for their age at 2 years will "catch up" by adulthood.

The 10 percent who do not catch up are likely to have a condition such as fetal alcohol, Prader-Willi, or Down syndrome.

A person with achondroplasia can also expect a normal lifespan.

However, some serious conditions that are linked to some cases of short stature can be fatal.

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