#md in ophthalmology

[diginerve]

What is Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV)? Symptoms & Causes

If you do not know what Choroidal Neovascularization is, this blog post will provide all your answers. Besides that, if you are a PG student, you must stay tuned until the end because we have something exciting to share with you.

So let's start!

Choroidal Neovascularization occurs when new and abnormal blood cells emerge from a layer of blood vessels (the choriocapillaris) via a thin barrier, the Bruch's membrane and enter into areas under the retina.

In other words, when any person gets diagnosed with Choroidal Neovascularization, they experience extreme vision loss as the new blood vessels that are growing are unlike the normal ones. 

The reason behind the loss of vision is that when these damaging blood vessels grow in the macula, the core region of the retina that allows us to see the world and its light, they can cause discomfort to the patient and cause painless loss of vision. 

Causes of Choroidal Neovascularization

CNV can happen due to many factors such as:

Extreme nearsightedness

Certain eye injuries

Damaged brunch membrane

Any kind of physical injury or trauma

Inflammatory diseases

Genetic or hereditary disorders

Symptoms of CNV

You may not notice at first, but many signs point you towards CNV. Its symptoms include the following:

Blurred vision

Distorted images

Flickering of lights

A blind or dark spot in the center

Change of color vision

Quick vision loss

Experiencing these symptoms might be concerning for the patients. This is why a doctor with advanced skills and knowledge must diagnose and treat them. 

Therefore, postgraduate students pursuing their final examinations should select a course that will allow them to score well, and that’s where DigiNerve’s Ophthalmology course comes in!

Why choose the DigiNerve’s Opthalmology course?

It is impossible to fully understand any topic or subject matter related to reality only on the basis of theoretical concepts. The expert Dr N. Venkatesh Prajna, the chief editor of Ophthalmology MD completely agrees with this statement, and this is why, with the assistance of India’s 55 eminent faculty, he has crafted an Ophthalmology MD online course for postgraduate students who want to excel in their examinations.

This course is great for PG ophthalmology students who want to gain knowledge of surgical, clinical, and academic skills. 

The course further includes:

Ophthalmology online video lectures, which contain over 210+ hours of videos supported by benchmark/evidence-based research.

It contains 385+ lecture notes, which are very helpful to students who are about to take their PG examinations.

You can also self-assess yourself with the help of 3550+ MCQs

What else do you get? An amazing tool that covers 130+ topics for quick learning about various diseases, their features, and their treatments.

Apart from these, the course also includes:

Dr Wise AI Chatbot

Printed Notes

Engagement activities

Examination corner section

Overall, this online course is a must for any PG student who is interested in learning about ophthalmology and the top in their field. 

The Takeaway

You already know that to become an Ophthalmologist, you need to pursue your postgraduate exams and excel well in them. However, the experts of DigiNerve are here for you to provide you guidance wherever you think you need help understanding any topic. By enrolling in this DigiNerve course, you prepare yourself for the required knowledge you need to top your final examinations.

So hurry up and join the course now! 

[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved in our archive

From this past April. Posting now as several studies have come out recently blaming the increase in children needing visual aids or new lens prescriptions on "screen time during lockdown." Covid is a VASCULAR DISEASE. If it can bleed, covid can harm it.

The blood-retinal barrier is designed to protect our vision from infections by preventing microbial pathogens from reaching the retina where they could trigger an inflammatory response with potential vision loss. But researchers at the University of Missouri School of Medicine have discovered the virus that causes COVID-19 can breach this protective retinal barrier with potential long-term consequences in the eye.

Pawan Kumar Singh, PhD, an assistant professor of ophthalmology, leads a team researching new ways to prevent and treat ocular infectious diseases. Using a humanized ACE2 mice model, the team found that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can infect the inside of the eyes even when the virus doesn’t enter the body through the surface of the eyes. Instead, they found that when viruses enter the body through inhalation, it not only infects organs like lungs, but also reaches highly protected organs like eyes through the blood-retinal barrier by infecting the cells lining this barrier.

“This finding is important as we increase our understanding of the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection,” said Singh. “Earlier, researchers were primarily focused on the ocular surface exposure of the virus. However, our findings reveal that SARS-CoV-2 not only reaches the eye during systemic infection but induces a hyperinflammatory response in the retina and causes cell death in the blood-retinal barrier. The longer viral remnants remain in the eye, the risk of damage to the retina and visual function increases.”

Singh also discovered that extended presence of SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen can cause retinal microaneurysm, retinal artery and vein occlusion, and vascular leakage.

“For those who have been diagnosed with COVID-19, we recommend you ask your ophthalmologist to check for signs of pathological changes to the retina,” Singh said. “Even those who were asymptomatic could suffer from damage in the eyes over time because of COVID-19 associated complications.”

While viruses and bacteria have been found to breach the blood-retinal-barrier in immunocompromised people, this research is the first to suggest that the virus that causes COVID-19 could breach the barrier even in otherwise healthy individuals, leading to an infection that manifests inside the eye itself. Immunocompromised patients or those with hypertension or diabetes may experience worse outcomes if they remain undiagnosed for COVID-19 associated ocular symptoms.

“Now that we know the risk of COVID-19 to the retina, our goal is to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of how this virus breaches the blood-retinal barrier and associated pathological consequences in hopes of informing development of therapies to prevent and treat COVID-19 induced eye complications before a patient’s vision is compromised,” Singh said.

This groundbreaking study entitled “SARS-CoV-2 infects cells lining the blood-retinal barrier and induces a hyperinflammatory immune response in the retina via systemic exposure” was recently published in PLOS Pathogens. In addition to Singh, the research team from the University of Missouri School of Medicine included Vaishnavi Balendiran, MD, vitreoretinal surgery fellow; Monu Monu and Faraz Ahmad, post-doctoral fellows in the Department of Ophthalmology; and Rachel M. Olson, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer, Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research at the College of Veterinary Medicine.

This research was supported through fundings from the University of Missouri and the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Eye Institute (NEI) grant R01EY032495.

Study link: journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1012156

[rainismdata]

House MD: Original Character

Maddox N. Jagajiva, one of the PPTH's ophthalmologist.

Name: Dr. Maddox N. Jagajiva, MD, MACC

Nickname: Maddie or Max

Specialty: neuro-ophthalmology and ocular oncology

Education: Univ. of Pennsylvania (undergraduate), Sid. Kim. Medical College Philadelphia (medical school), Wills Eye Hos. (residency and fellowships) [shortened for censoring purposes]

Season Appearance: 1, 5, 8

Character informations:

[before I said anything, I'd like to inform you that the "season" that I'd be talking about is me trying to refer the timeline. But could aslo be referred as some episode or additional episodes]

Born: 1970

Her nickname is Maddie or Max. Simply because her friends at school and outside work, also her family called her Max! while mostly her colleagues called her Maddie. She also goes with Maddie for Lisa and Rachel. Getting called Dr. Maddox at clinic and counseling hour; rather than Dr. Jagajiva.

Education and Employment:

Finished residency and neuro-opthalmology fellowship in 2001 (both at Wills Eye Hos.)

Appears only in a few episodes on those seasons for reasons: a. having DDx for psychosomatic case and any case when neuro-opthalmology was needed (season 1), b. helping PPTH's oncology department out of her interest in ocular oncology (season 5), c. having a research/project in a topic for ocular oncology and referring Wilson as her 1st/main advisor (season 8, counted as after House got the car to Cuddy's house), d. Flirts with Cuddy (whole)

Out of PPTH from after season 1 and before season 5; to have a degree of Master of Arts in Christisn Counseling. The first encounter with House after jail was at the middle of season 8; by House teasing her of having studied in christian studies, not knowing how could House know about it, because she basically just ran away from PPTH. House didn't even mention anything about it in Season 5; he's just "joking" about her should join Chase to finish seminary in s5. But then she knew later in late late about to the end of season 8, Cuddy told her that it could be possibly Lucas.

Meanwhile— She's having a fellowship in ocular oncology at the end of season 5 until after lucasxcuddy thing.

Her role in PPTH was as one of a few opthalmologist; doesn't want to have the head of department role because then she couldn't go as free as long as far as she wants.

Health condition:

Sjögren Syndrome, results in having only one eye that could be used for sighting while the other is having black-grey visions, as if having no vision catched at all. She could use a transplant but choses not to. For that, sometimes House would tease her with a few fingers up beside her unworkable eye side and asked her how much finger he got up. She's also bad in pain management but wouldn't having drugs because she could only swallow small SMALL tablet, otherwise then SMASH IT. Also, she's photosensitive but she can managed that (sometimes it was psychosomatic).

Much much information of her:

Did I say she's Asian? Well— Yeah... She is.

Tea lover and coffee enjoyer. At times, she would make herself and drink both tea and coffee in one cup.

She's ambidextrous, mainly using right hand for writing and left hand for things. Plays ukulele and percussions, and alto singer in choir.

Has ADHD and OCD (and doesn't want to confront people about her conditions or would just subtly spoken to them if they manage to bother her), easy to cut people off but hardly forget what they did. That being said, she would just brush it off if someone teasing her about her "perfectionistic" thing.

Was once trained in Karate when she's in high school; never getting back to it since then.

Additional Plot Informations:

Whenever House mildly or severely teasing or debating her about being perfectionist-but-unrestrained, about her being counselor, her faith; it's either she's just giving subtly remarks and brush it off or having Cuddy to do the debating part.

House sometimes called her Mad Dog; while Maddie would then said Mad Doctor or Mad Scientist (yeah, she's referring to Dr. Cockroaches). Also has "Mad Max" as one of her nicknames.

If anything— Wilson teased her for having crush in Cuddy. Thirteen has joined in the course to tease her.

Having "one eye - one leg" convo with House.

She has the basics from calvinist ⛪💒. She's having fun when House, Wilson, Cuddy, and Chase are having a beef about religion/beliefs thing with their patients.

Despite all that convo of House and Cuddy bickering at each other, she would find a smooth sentences to flirts with Cuddy. It was so subtle that sometimes Cuddy would stop whatever she's doing and acknowledge the "smart move". Otherwise, she's just having those broken hearts scenes in movie while in season 7. Non canonical episode or story, she's getting together with Cuddy in season 8. Wilson warned her if IF there's a possibility of House trying to get to know what happened to Cuddy; but somehow Maddie and Wilson would just brushed it off. House has never audibly asked her how's Cuddy doing, and when their eyes met in hallways, she would just gave him a nod.

Maddie as Lisa's Lover:

Doesn't go to House's "funeral", but when she knew Wilson was missing despite of him having only "a few months" to live... she's just hoping the happiest for both Wilson and House.

Also a gamer, mostly for Action RPG. She plays the game series of Final Fantasy, Resident Evil, Monster Hunter, and Dynasty Warriors since the first time the games were came out. She plays multiplayer games with Rachel Cuddy, having Lisa provides them with snacks and would feeding them the foods if she wasn't working on her own.

Enjoys reading bedtime stories with Rachel and Lisa. Sometimes, they would taking turns on who's the one who tells the story.

Her shift is mostly afternoon about to the middle of the night, so she could took Lisa and Rachel to their workplace/school. While she couldn't go home together, she could still having the time for bedtime together.

Still enjoys flirting subtly to Lisa. Sometimes she would just ask Rachel to say to her Mom what Maddie wants to say to Lisa.

Despite being the one who flirts regularly, she would just becoming a tomato every time Lisa was getting her back at flirting.

Is a little spoon.

Both of them enjoyed cooking; it came down to Rachel.

Physical Appearance:

5'3" tall (looks like having broad shoulders, but she actually isn't), black waist-long hair (either always in french/dutch braid, or getting hair bun with hairstick), brown-grey eyes, "honey" brown skin tone, impaired eye is covered with somekind of washable medical mask-like eyepatch for daily use, wears glasses with clear lense for an eye while the impaired one is getting black lense (in the same glasses) if wasn't wearing eyepatch, for regular medical or christian counseling then she wears docmart/maryjane-trousers-shirt-vest-tie (in windsor or christensen knot) also with a doctor coat (medical) or blazer (christian), mostly either wears sleeveless top with long pants/skirt or sleeves top with short pants for daily, fashion/outfit color code are earth, forrest, and monochrome (mainly dark colors).

Disclaimer: (omg I was too late for this)

I'm making this fancanon while trying both realistically and inaccurately, simply for fictional purposes. People in medical/hospital area would obviously know that I'd be wrong (bcs basically I'm not coming from that area).

[bpod-bpod]

Wires Crossed

Early in development our senses reach out to our brains, forming connections called synapses with neurons that will one day interpret smells, sounds and sights. Correctly connected synapses are used more frequently and get stronger over time in a process called Hebbian synapse rewiring. But what about the errors? Connections that form by mistake? Here cells in a region of a mouse’s brain called the lateral geniculate nucleus (highlighted in white) connect to retinal ganglion cells from the eye. Researchers find the brain keeps erroneous connections (green) separate from accurate synapses (purple). Grouping the problematic connections into isolated 'islands' distinct from the brain’s developing circuits may allow for easier pruning of connections during development, and better developed senses after birth.

Written by John Ankers

Video from work by Sean McCracken and colleagues

John F Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

Video originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in Cell Reports, May 2025

You can also follow BPoD on Instagram, Twitter, Facebook and Bluesky

[dr-visionary-counselor]

I'm hoping I wasn't too old for this, but then I remembered Anji's mother; Auntie Anjani...

It's me, Maddox.

You can call me Maddie or Max. Preferably referred as Dr. Maddox rather than Dr. Jagajiva. My pronouns is she/her, and I was born in 1970 (then I'll be 34y.o in 2004).

I am one of PPTH's ophthalmologist, while my specialty is neuro-ophthalmology and ocular oncology. Don't ask about me being a counselor (yes, you can ask about it, actually). Here's my lore.

Feel free to interact with me on "The Question Portal" or my any posts; for basically anything and everything (I like video games!), also obviously the doctor thingie.

Here's the blog guide:

Hello, there! It's Rain @rainismdata , who created this OC. She's most likely excited to talk about things that got her interested and would be delighted to interact with all of you. My other OC is Anji Foxx-Knight's family @technician-para-driver . We'll also developing her interaction with all of House MD OCs, with @ppth-staff members. I'll be talking in intended and italic sentences.

This is narrative speaking, in small chat. Maddie hasn't doing anything currently. She was just arriving home, after driving Rachel Cuddy to her school and Lisa Cuddy to PPTH.

Yeah, right. I have an afternoon shift, so I'll go to PPTH after 2pm.

Also, I'm talking in regular sentences. I'll just give a code like "—LC" if it's Lisa Cuddy's speaking or "—RC" if it's Rachel Cuddy (don't tell her mom, or else I might've sleep on couch)

There you go, and I'll see you next time!

Sorry. She's so smitten for Cuddy, it got her being the broken-hearted-girl throughout the HUDDY thing. Don't mention those dark times to her ╥﹏╥ unless she's the one who brings up the topic.

Also, I'm playing with picrew for this; because, I'm not an artist.

[personalloanguru2015]

Apply for Medical Equipment Loan in India – Empower Your Healthcare Practice with the Right Financial Support

In today’s fast-evolving healthcare landscape, access to the latest medical technology is essential for hospitals, clinics, diagnostic centers, and independent practitioners. Whether it’s a digital X-ray machine, advanced ultrasound, dental chair unit, or robotic surgery setup, acquiring medical equipment requires significant capital. That’s where a medical equipment loan comes into play — a strategic financing solution that helps healthcare professionals invest in top-tier technology without upfront financial burden.

If you're a doctor, diagnostic lab owner, or a healthcare entrepreneur, read on to discover how to apply for a medical equipment loan in India, eligibility requirements, loan interest rates, and the advantages of financing your healthcare growth with expert assistance from Personal Loan Guru.

🩺 What is a Medical Equipment Loan?

A medical equipment loan is a customized financial product offered to medical professionals and healthcare businesses for purchasing diagnostic, surgical, or treatment-related equipment. The loan is designed to cover up to 100% of the cost of the medical equipment and can be repaid in flexible EMIs over a comfortable tenure.

This type of healthcare equipment loan in India is ideal for:

Private practitioners setting up a new clinic or hospital

Existing hospitals upgrading technology

Diagnostic labs and pathology centers expanding services

Specialty centers such as dental, ophthalmology, or fertility clinics

💡 Why Choose a Medical Equipment Loan?

Opting for a loan for new medical equipment allows medical professionals to:

Stay technologically advanced without draining their capital

Improve patient care and treatment outcomes

Expand their practice and build a modern image

Save on taxes with depreciation and interest deductions

Preserve working capital for other operational needs

📝 Eligibility for Healthcare Equipment Loan in India

The eligibility for a healthcare equipment loan varies slightly depending on the lender, but here’s a general overview:

Applicants must be a qualified medical professional (MBBS, BDS, BHMS, BAMS, MD, MS, MCh, DNB, etc.)

Must have a valid medical license and clinic registration

Minimum 1–3 years of professional experience (varies by lender)

Steady income or practice revenue

Good credit/CIBIL score (usually 650+)

At Personal Loan Guru, we simplify the process by connecting you with the most suitable lender from our wide network of banks and NBFCs.

💰 Medical Equipment Loan Interest Rate

Interest rates for medical equipment loans typically start at 9% p.a., but they can vary based on:

Loan amount

Applicant’s credit score

Repayment history

Income or business turnover

Type of medical equipment being financed

Our team ensures that you get the lowest interest rates and best offers tailored to your profile.

📋 Documents Required

To apply for a medical equipment loan, you’ll generally need the following documents:

KYC (Aadhaar, PAN, Passport/Driving License)

Medical registration certificate

Degree certificate (MBBS/MD/etc.)

Proof of clinic or hospital ownership

Bank statements (last 6 months)

Income tax returns (last 2–3 years)

Quotation or proforma invoice of the equipment

🏥 Types of Equipment You Can Finance

You can get a loan for medical equipment in India for a wide range of machines and tools, including but not limited to:

MRI, CT Scan, and Ultrasound Machines

X-Ray and Mammography Equipment

Dental Chairs and Units

ICU/Operation Theatre Equipment

Ophthalmic Lasers

Dialysis and Pathology Machines

Robotic Surgery Systems

Physiotherapy Machines

Whether you are looking for equipment worth ₹5 lakhs or ₹2 crores, we have lending partners who cater to all budgets and scales.

🌐 Apply for Medical Equipment Loan Online

With Personal Loan Guru, applying is fast and hassle-free. You can now apply for a medical equipment loan online with just a few clicks:

Visit www.personalloanguru.com

Click on the Medical Equipment Loan option

Fill out your professional and loan details

Upload documents or get a callback

Get matched with top loan offers

We help you compare interest rates, EMIs, and terms so you make an informed choice. We also assist you throughout the documentation, sanction, and disbursal stages.

🔍 Looking for Medical Equipment Loan Near You?

Searching for a medical equipment loan near me? Personal Loan Guru offers PAN-India services — whether you are in Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata, or any Tier-2 or Tier-3 city, we’re here to serve you.

Our team of expert relationship managers ensures you get local support, doorstep document pickup, and priority processing for quicker turnaround.

📞 Get Expert Help Today

Buying healthcare technology should be a growth opportunity, not a financial burden. Whether you're expanding a hospital, opening a diagnostic lab, or modernizing your dental clinic, medical professional loans from Personal Loan Guru ensure you never have to compromise on quality.💬 Call us now or apply online to explore customized loan options for medical equipment with the lowest interest rate and fastest approval in the market.

[anmoladmissionuniversee]

Your Complete Guide to Pursuing MD/MS in India

If you're a medical student dreaming of becoming a specialist doctor or surgeon, your next big step after MBBS is pursuing MD/MS in India. Choosing the right path for your postgraduate medical education is crucial—it shapes your career, your future, and the way you serve patients.

This guide will help you understand everything you need to know about MD/MS in India—from eligibility and specializations to the admission process and career opportunities. Let’s explore how you can make the best choice for your medical future.

What is MD/MS in India?

MD/MS in India refers to postgraduate medical degrees offered to students who have completed their MBBS. MD stands for Doctor of Medicine, and MS stands for Master of Surgery. These courses help students specialize in a particular field of medicine or surgery, such as Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Orthopedics, Obstetrics & Gynecology, ENT, and more.

MD is more theory and diagnosis-focused, ideal for those who love understanding the science of diseases.

MS is more surgical and hands-on, perfect for students who enjoy performing procedures and operations.

Both are three-year programs and are recognized by the National Medical Commission (NMC) in India.

Who Can Apply for MD/MS in India?

To pursue MD/MS in India, you must meet the following eligibility criteria:

Have an MBBS degree from a recognized medical college or university in India or abroad.

Be registered with the National Medical Commission (NMC) or any State Medical Council.

Clear the NEET PG (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test – Postgraduate) with a valid score.

NEET PG is the only entrance exam used to determine admission for most MD/MS in India programs in both government and private colleges.

Top Specializations in MD/MS in India

When you choose MD/MS in India, you have the chance to specialize in the area of medicine that suits your passion and skills. Some of the most popular and high-demand specializations include:

MD Specializations:

MD in General Medicine

MD in Pediatrics

MD in Dermatology

MD in Radiology

MD in Psychiatry

MD in Emergency Medicine

MD in Anesthesiology

MS Specializations:

MS in General Surgery

MS in Orthopedics

MS in ENT (Ear, Nose & Throat)

MS in Obstetrics & Gynecology

MS in Ophthalmology

Your choice should depend on your interest, strengths, and long-term career goals.

Admission Process for MD/MS in India

The admission process for MD/MS in India is straightforward but competitive. Here’s a simple breakdown:

Prepare and Apply for NEET PG: Start preparing early for NEET PG. The exam includes questions from all MBBS subjects and tests your clinical knowledge, reasoning, and speed.

Appear for Counseling: After NEET PG results, register for the MCC (Medical Counseling Committee) counseling or respective state counseling for college seat allotment.

Choose Your College and Course: Based on your NEET PG rank, you can choose the specialization and college during the counseling rounds.

Document Verification and Admission: Once allotted, verify your documents, pay the fees, and confirm your seat.

Pro tip: Stay updated with official websites like https://mcc.nic.in and your state’s medical counseling website for announcements and schedules.

Best Colleges for MD/MS in India

There are many reputed colleges that offer high-quality MD/MS in India. Some of the top institutions include:

All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi

Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Pune

Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore

Maulana Azad Medical College (MAMC), Delhi

King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow

JIPMER, Puducherry

Kasturba Medical College, Manipal

Private and deemed universities also offer MD/MS programs with excellent infrastructure and training facilities.

Career Opportunities After MD/MS in India

Completing MD/MS in India opens up a wide range of career opportunities:

Private Practice: Become a specialist in your field and set up your own clinic or work with private hospitals.

Government Jobs: Join central or state-run hospitals and serve the public health system.

Academics & Teaching: Work as a medical professor or lecturer in colleges and mentor future doctors.

Research & Development: Contribute to medical research and clinical trials in top institutions or pharmaceutical companies.

Super-Specialization: Pursue DM or MCh in your field for even deeper expertise.

Why Choose to Study MD/MS in India?

Here are a few reasons why pursuing MD/MS in India is a smart choice:

Affordable compared to many countries abroad

World-recognized medical education system

Strong practical exposure during residency

Excellent career opportunities in both public and private sectors

Growing demand for specialists in India and globally

Final Thoughts

Pursuing MD/MS in India is a life-changing decision that can shape your career and your impact on people’s lives. With the right preparation, a clear plan, and a passion for healing, you can become a successful specialist doctor in your chosen field.

So if you're ready to take the next big step after MBBS, start preparing for NEET PG and explore your options for MD/MS in India. Your future as a healthcare leader begins here.

[diginerve]

Is Ophthalmology a MD or MS?

Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of eye diseases.

The eye is one of our body's most crucial organs, which means we need to be very careful about our eye health. 

The reality is that people who spend most of their time in front of computers or are older have higher risks of eye diseases.

However, the field of ophthalmology is dedicated to extensive study and research of these conditions and incorporating relevant technologies to treat them efficiently.

Furthermore, with the rising issues, the demand for ophthalmologists is also rising, which means better opportunities for students.

Those who wish to do well in their post-graduate studies might have a few questions in mind, like whether you should do an md in ophthalmology or an MS and the difference between them.

Well, let’s clear this doubt.

MD in Ophthalmology: MD is a postgraduate course that focuses on Clinical practice ranging from performing crucial eye surgery to prescribing glasses and contact lenses. A 3-year, semester-based postgraduate medical degree. This course educates about the anatomy, functions, and diseases of the eyes. A professional doctor who deals with the diagnosis and medical care of the eyes is an ophthalmologist.

MS in Ophthalmology: It is a branch of science that deals with various concepts related to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of eye disorders. It is also a complete 3-year postgraduate course in medicine that focuses on anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eye. 

A Postgraduate student, after completing the MS\MD on ophthalmology, should have the following:

Comprehensive understanding of eye diseases

Refined surgical skills (optional)

Aware of advanced diagnostic techniques

Conduct ophthalmic research

Communicate effectively with patients

Collaborate with other healthcare professionals

What’s the difference between the both?

In India, Ophthalmology is offered as both MD and MS degrees, but they are essentially the same program. There's no significant difference in the curriculum or career prospects for graduates of either program. Both degrees represent the same three-year postgraduate training specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases. The curriculum covers in-depth knowledge of:

Eye anatomy and physiology

Various eye diseases and disorders

Diagnostic techniques and procedures

Medical and surgical treatments for ophthalmic conditions

Regardless of the program name, both MD and MS in Ophthalmology qualify you to become a comprehensive ophthalmologist equipped to resolve a wide range of eye care needs.

We hope your doubts have been cleared; however, if you have any doubts related to your study, enroll in our ophthalmology md online course now. 

About Ophthalmology Course

This course is a result of years of hard work of Dr. N. Venkatesh Prajna along with India’s 55 eminent faculty, which means you will get answers to every little doubt. By the end of the course, you will be fully prepared to continue your study. 

This course includes online video lectures on ophthalmology, which are easy to understand. 

[rmceducation]

What are the different medical programs offered by Dhaka National Medical College?

Dhaka National Medical College (DNMC) is a renowned medical institution in Bangladesh, offering a range of medical programs to aspiring healthcare professionals. With a strong focus on academic excellence, research, and clinical practice, DNMC has established itself as a leader in medical education. In this article, we will delve into the various medical programs offered by Dhaka National Medical College, providing insights into the curriculum, duration, and career opportunities.

MBBS Program

The MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) program is the flagship program of DNMC, spanning five years. The program is designed to equip students with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to become competent medical professionals. The curriculum includes both theoretical and practical learning, with a focus on:

- Pre-clinical sciences (anatomy, physiology, biochemistry)

- Clinical sciences (medicine, surgery, pediatrics, gynecology)

- Community medicine and public health

MD/MS Programs

Dhaka National Medical College offers postgraduate programs in various specialties, leading to the award of MD (Doctor of Medicine) or MS (Master of Surgery) degrees. These programs are designed for medical graduates who wish to specialize in a particular area. The duration of these programs varies from two to three years.

Some of the specialties offered include:

- Internal Medicine

- General Surgery

- Pediatrics

- Gynecology and Obstetrics

- Orthopedic Surgery

- Ophthalmology

Diploma Programs

DNMC also offers diploma programs in various medical specialties, which are designed to provide specialized training to medical graduates. These programs typically last one to two years and are offered in areas such as:

- Diploma in Child Health (DCH)

- Diploma in Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGO)

- Diploma in Orthopedic Surgery (DOS)

MPhil and PhD Programs

For those interested in pursuing a career in research, DNMC offers MPhil and PhD programs in various medical disciplines. These programs are designed to equip students with advanced research skills and knowledge, leading to the award of a postgraduate research degree.

Conclusion

Dhaka National Medical College offers a range of medical programs, catering to the diverse needs of aspiring healthcare professionals. From the flagship MBBS program to postgraduate and research degrees, DNMC provides a supportive and stimulating environment for students to achieve their academic and professional goals. By choosing DNMC, students can be assured of receiving a world-class medical education, preparing them for a successful career in healthcare.

[hudsoneyesusa]

Top-Rated Westchester Eye Doctor Offering Full-Spectrum Eye Exams and Treatments

If you're experiencing an eye emergency and need immediate attention, Hudson Ophthalmology is here to provide you with the fast and professional care you need. Dr. Kerline Marcelin MD, a trusted Westchester eye doctor, is ready to offer emergency eye care to ensure that your vision and eye health are protected. Whether you're dealing with an unexpected injury or a sudden vision problem, we specialize in providing prompt and effective treatments for various eye emergencies.

Why Choose Hudson Ophthalmology for Emergency Eye Care in Westchester, NY?

Hudson Ophthalmology offers a wide range of services, but when it comes to emergency eye care, we understand the urgency and sensitivity of your condition. Dr. Kerline Marcelin, a highly trained Westchester eye doctor, leads our team, bringing years of expertise in diagnosing and treating a variety of eye conditions. We are dedicated to delivering compassionate care to all of our patients, especially in emergency situations.

Top Reasons to Trust Hudson Ophthalmology for Your Eye Care Needs:

Immediate Attention: When you experience an eye emergency, we prioritize your care and ensure that you get seen promptly.

Expert Diagnosis and Treatment: Dr. Kerline Marcelin uses advanced tools and techniques to accurately diagnose and treat your eye condition.

State-of-the-Art Facilities: Our clinic is equipped with the latest technology, ensuring that you receive the best care available.

Compassionate Care: We understand that eye emergencies can be stressful, and our team is committed to making you feel comfortable and supported.

Types of Eye Emergencies We Handle

At Hudson Ophthalmology, we are equipped to handle a wide variety of emergency eye care situations. Whether you're dealing with an injury, sudden vision loss, or discomfort, our Westchester eye doctor is here to help. Below are some common conditions we treat:

1. Eye Injuries:

Accidents happen, and eye injuries can occur unexpectedly. From scratches on the cornea to more severe trauma, we have the expertise to handle these situations swiftly and effectively.

2. Sudden Vision Loss:

Experiencing sudden vision changes, such as loss of vision in one or both eyes, can be alarming. If this happens, seek immediate care. Dr. Marcelin will perform a thorough examination to determine the cause and start treatment right away.

3. Infections and Inflammation:

Eye infections, such as conjunctivitis (pink eye), or inflammation like uveitis, require prompt attention to prevent further complications. We offer timely treatment to help alleviate your symptoms and protect your vision.

4. Foreign Objects in the Eye:

Whether it's dust, metal, or something else, having a foreign object in the eye can cause discomfort and even injury. Our team uses safe and effective techniques to remove objects without causing additional harm.

Schedule Your Emergency Eye Care Appointment Today!

If you need emergency eye care in Westchester, NY, don't hesitate to reach out to Hudson Ophthalmology. Dr. Kerline Marcelin MD and our team are committed to providing the highest level of care for all of your eye health needs. We understand the importance of your vision, and we’re here to help you in your time of need.

Visit our https://www.hudsoneyes.com/category/eye-care/ to learn more about how we can assist you or to schedule an appointment. Trust Hudson Ophthalmology for all your Westchester eye care needs, and rest assured that your vision is in good hands.

[suryakantjha]

Understanding Ophthalmology: How Top Eye Surgeon Diagnose and Treat Eye Conditions

When it comes to our health, vision is often taken for granted — until something goes wrong. Whether it’s a blurry image, difficulty seeing at night, or a more serious condition like glaucoma or cataract, our eyes are crucial sensory organs that demand expert attention. This is where ophthalmology steps in — the specialized field of medicine dedicated to diagnosing, treating, and managing eye-related diseases. In this blog, we’ll explore how the best eye surgeons approach diagnosis and treatment, and what you should know before choosing the right eye specialist in South Delhi or anywhere else.

What is Ophthalmology?

Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine focused on the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eye. Unlike optometrists, ophthalmologists are medical doctors (MDs or DOs) who have completed extensive medical training and surgical education to treat everything from minor eye infections to complex surgeries like LASIK or retinal detachment repair.

How Top Eye Surgeon Diagnose Eye Conditions

A skilled ophthalmologist follows a meticulous and scientific approach when diagnosing eye conditions. Here’s how the best eye surgeons typically go about it:

1. Comprehensive Eye Examination

The diagnostic process usually begins with a full eye exam. This isn’t just about reading letters off a chart — it involves a thorough assessment of the entire eye structure. Tools like slit lamps, tonometers, and retinal cameras help the eye specialist doctor in Delhi examine different parts of your eye with high precision.

2. Patient History and Symptom Analysis

Understanding the patient's lifestyle, medical history, and current symptoms plays a crucial role. For instance, a diabetic patient experiencing blurred vision could be facing diabetic retinopathy. The best eye surgeons combine data from tests with a clear understanding of the patient’s background to arrive at an accurate diagnosis.

3. Advanced Diagnostic Technology

Leading clinics often use advanced technologies like Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA), and Visual Field Tests to detect issues like macular degeneration, glaucoma, or retinal tears. These tools provide high-definition imagery and mapping, giving the eye specialist a clearer view of the internal eye structure.

Treatment Approaches by the Best Eye Surgeon

Once diagnosed, treatment varies based on the condition's severity and type. Here’s how top ophthalmologists manage treatment:

1. Medication and Non-Surgical Options

Not every eye issue requires surgery. Many problems like conjunctivitis, dry eye syndrome, or mild glaucoma are treated effectively with medicated eye drops, oral medications, or lifestyle adjustments. The best eye surgeons prioritize non-invasive treatments whenever possible.

2. Minimally Invasive Procedures

Conditions like cataracts or early-stage glaucoma may require surgery, but the techniques used today are often minimally invasive. Phacoemulsification (for cataracts) and laser-assisted surgeries have dramatically reduced recovery time and risks.

3. Cutting-Edge Surgical Techniques

Top eye surgeons stay updated with the latest surgical advancements such as femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS), LASIK for vision correction, and vitrectomy for retinal disorders. These procedures offer high success rates with improved patient comfort and faster healing.

4. Post-Operative Care and Monitoring

The best eye surgeons emphasize long-term care. Regular follow-ups and patient education are critical to ensure a full recovery and to detect any recurrence or side effects early.

Why Choosing the Right Eye Specialist Matters

When it comes to your vision, expertise and experience are non-negotiable. If you're searching for the best eye surgeon in Delhi, look for someone who not only has impressive credentials but also a strong track record of successful treatments and satisfied patients. Word-of-mouth, patient reviews, and referrals from general physicians can also guide you in the right direction.

For those located in the capital, especially in the southern region, finding a reliable eye specialist in South Delhi is easier now thanks to the presence of reputed hospitals and clinics equipped with state-of-the-art technology. A top-rated eye specialist doctor in Delhi will offer personalized care, the latest treatments, and a compassionate approach — all of which are key to achieving the best outcomes.`

Final Thoughts

Eye health is an essential part of overall well-being. Whether it’s a routine check-up or a complex surgical procedure, understanding how top eye surgeons work gives you the confidence to make informed decisions. The blend of medical science, advanced technology, and patient-centered care is what sets the best apart from the rest. Don't wait for symptoms to worsen — if you're experiencing discomfort or vision issues, consult an experienced eye specialist in South Delhi today.

[komalargroup]

Rohilkhand Medical College Bareilly – Courses, Fees, Facilities & Admission 2025

Explore Rohilkhand Medical College Bareilly – Get complete details on MBBS fees, hostel, admission process, facilities, and why it's a top private medical college in Uttar Pradesh.

If you are looking for a reputed private medical college in Uttar Pradesh with modern infrastructure, affordable fees, and quality medical education, Rohilkhand Medical College in Bareilly is a great option. It is one of the leading private medical institutions, offering undergraduate and postgraduate courses in various medical disciplines.

Established in 2006 under the Bareilly-based Rohilkhand Charitable Educational Trust, the college is affiliated with MJP Rohilkhand University and recognized by the National Medical Commission (NMC).

Let’s explore what makes Rohilkhand Medical College an ideal destination for MBBS aspirants in India.

MBBS Course at Rohilkhand Medical College

Course Duration: 5.5 years (including 1-year compulsory internship)

Total Intake: 250 MBBS seats per year

Medium of Instruction: English

Recognition: Approved by NMC, affiliated with MJP Rohilkhand University

The MBBS program is designed as per the NMC curriculum, focusing on both theoretical knowledge and clinical exposure. Students are trained in real-time hospital settings from their early academic years.

MBBS Fees at Rohilkhand Medical College Bareilly (Approx.)

Tuition Fees: ₹13,00,000 to ₹15,00,000 per year

Hostel Charges: ₹1,50,000 to ₹2,00,000 per year (including food and accommodation)

Security Deposit (One-time): ₹1,00,000 (Refundable)

Miscellaneous Charges: As applicable

The fee may vary depending on government guidelines or any changes announced by the college. It's advisable to consult the official website or a trusted admission consultant for updated details.

Eligibility Criteria for Admission

To get MBBS admission at Rohilkhand Medical College, candidates must:

Have passed 10+2 or equivalent with Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and English.

Score a minimum of 50% marks (General category) and 40% (Reserved category).

Appear and qualify in the NEET UG examination.

Participate in UP NEET counselling conducted by the Directorate of Medical Education and Training, Uttar Pradesh.

Admission Process 2025

Register on the official UP NEET UG counselling website.

Fill in your college choices, including Rohilkhand Medical College.

Based on NEET score and rank, the seat will be allotted.

Complete document verification and pay the admission fee.

Report to the college within the given time frame.

PG Courses Offered

Rohilkhand Medical College also offers a variety of MD and MS courses across major specializations like:

MD in General Medicine, Pediatrics, Anesthesia, Pathology, Microbiology, etc.

MS in General Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Ophthalmology, ENT, and more.

Admission to PG courses is based on NEET-PG merit and centralized counselling.

Modern Infrastructure and Campus Facilities

The college offers a modern and student-friendly learning environment with:

State-of-the-art labs and anatomy dissection halls

Smart classrooms and fully stocked library

Fully equipped 900+ bedded hospital with ICU, emergency, and diagnostic facilities

In-campus hostels with AC/non-AC rooms for boys and girls

24x7 medical care, cafeteria, gym, and sports grounds

High-speed Wi-Fi, reading rooms, and indoor game areas

The college emphasizes practical learning through clinical rotations in its own multi-specialty hospital.

Why Choose Rohilkhand Medical College?

High NEET acceptance rate Excellent faculty and teaching standards Affordable fees structure compared to other private colleges In-house hospital for live clinical training Separate hostels for boys and girls with modern amenities Opportunities for research and academic growth

The college ensures academic excellence along with discipline, a safe environment, and holistic development for all students.

Hostel and Mess Facilities

The hostels are located within the campus and offer:

Twin-sharing or single rooms (AC/Non-AC)

24-hour water and electricity supply

Attached mess with nutritious meals

CCTV surveillance and wardens for security

Laundry and housekeeping services

Final Thoughts

Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly is a promising choice for students looking for quality MBBS education in a private medical setup. With its combination of experienced faculty, well-structured curriculum, and modern infrastructure, it continues to attract aspirants from across the country.

If you’re aiming to pursue MBBS in Uttar Pradesh, this college deserves serious consideration.

[phacotraining12]

Mastering the Art of Cataract Surgery: A Comprehensive Guide to Phaco Training in India

Cataract surgery has undergone a revolutionary transformation over the past few decades, with phacoemulsification becoming the gold standard procedure worldwide. As the demand for safer, faster, and more effective eye surgeries continues to rise, phaco training in India has emerged as a sought-after program for ophthalmologists looking to sharpen their surgical skills and provide top-tier care to their patients.

Why Phaco Training in India is Gaining Global Recognition

India is a global hub for eye care, known for its high surgical volume, experienced faculty, and state-of-the-art eye hospitals. These factors make phaco training in India a prime choice for both domestic and international ophthalmologists. Many of India’s premier eye institutes offer structured and hands-on phaco training courses designed to help surgeons gain confidence and proficiency in phacoemulsification techniques.

India’s unique patient demographics and high cataract burden offer unmatched exposure, enabling trainees to experience a wide variety of cases. This makes phaco training in India not only a learning opportunity but also a real-world clinical immersion.

What to Expect from Phaco Training in India

The structure of phaco training in India typically includes didactic lectures, wet lab simulations, supervised surgeries, and post-operative care. Trainees are taught the core principles of phacodynamics, incision techniques, capsulorhexis, hydrodissection, and the use of phaco probes.

One of the main benefits of phaco training in India is access to high-volume surgery environments. Trainees often have the chance to assist in, and later perform, multiple surgeries under the supervision of seasoned mentors. This hands-on experience is critical for developing the tactile and decision-making skills required in phacoemulsification.

Eligibility and Duration

Most phaco training in India programs require applicants to have a postgraduate degree in ophthalmology (MD/MS/DNB) and some prior surgical experience. The duration of these programs can vary from a few weeks to several months, depending on the level of training and the individual’s experience.

Short-term courses focus on refining specific skills, while long-term fellowships offer a deep dive into comprehensive cataract management, including complications and advanced techniques.

Cost-Effectiveness of Phaco Training in India

One of the significant advantages of phaco training in India is its cost-effectiveness. Compared to similar programs in Western countries, Indian courses are more affordable while still maintaining high standards of education and clinical exposure. This affordability makes it an attractive option for surgeons from Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and even Europe and the Americas.

Benefits Beyond Technical Skills

Besides learning the technical nuances of phacoemulsification, phaco training in India also enhances soft skills such as patient communication, case selection, intraoperative decision-making, and post-operative care. Trainees also gain exposure to the use of cutting-edge surgical equipment and technologies such as femtosecond lasers and advanced intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Real Stories of Transformation

Many ophthalmologists who have undergone phaco training in India speak highly of their experiences. The structured approach, mentoring, and opportunity to deal with complex cases have helped them grow professionally. Surgeons who once hesitated to perform phaco surgeries independently often return home with the confidence to start their own phaco-based cataract services.

Future of Phaco Training in India

The future of phaco training in India looks promising. With ongoing technological advancements and increasing demand for skilled cataract surgeons, the scope of training programs is likely to expand. E-learning modules, AI-based surgical simulators, and virtual mentorships are being integrated into traditional training models, making learning even more accessible and effective.

Conclusion

If you're an aspiring cataract surgeon looking to upgrade your skills, phaco training in India should be at the top of your list. The combination of high surgical volume, expert mentorship, modern infrastructure, and affordability makes India one of the best places in the world for phacoemulsification training.

With the global burden of cataract blindness still high, skilled surgeons are more in demand than ever. By choosing phaco training in India, you are not just investing in your career—you are contributing to a larger mission of restoring sight and improving lives across the globe.

[dekhocampus11]

Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital, Patiala

Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital (GSMCH), located in Banur, near Patiala in the state of Punjab, India, is a prominent private medical institution. Established in 2007 under the aegis of the Gian Sagar Educational & Charitable Trust, it has gained recognition for delivering quality medical education and healthcare services in the region. Affiliated with Baba Farid University of Health Sciences (BFUHS), Faridkot, and recognized by the National Medical Commission (NMC), the college has become a well-known name in northern India among MBBS aspirants and healthcare professionals.

Campus and Infrastructure

The Gian Sagar campus spans a vast area in a semi-urban setting, offering a peaceful learning environment. The college boasts state-of-the-art infrastructure that includes spacious lecture halls, modern laboratories, well-stocked libraries, seminar halls, and digital classrooms equipped with audio-visual aids. These facilities ensure that students receive a modern, technologically enhanced education.

The campus houses separate hostels for boys and girls with round-the-clock security, mess facilities, recreational rooms, and Wi-Fi connectivity. Faculty quarters and staff accommodation are also provided within the campus. Other amenities such as a cafeteria, sports complex, auditorium, and transportation facilities further contribute to a wholesome campus life.

Academic Programs

Gian Sagar Medical College offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses in the medical field. The flagship undergraduate course is the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS), which spans five and a half years, including one year of compulsory rotating internship. The curriculum is designed according to the standards set by the NMC, combining rigorous academic training with practical exposure through clinical rotations.

In recent years, the college has also introduced postgraduate programs (MD/MS) in various specializations, such as Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Pathology, and Microbiology. The addition of postgraduate courses has further enhanced the academic depth and research potential of the institution.

The faculty at Gian Sagar comprises experienced professionals and subject experts who are actively involved in both teaching and research. The institution emphasizes interactive learning, case discussions, integrated teaching methods, and regular assessments to monitor student progress. Tutorials and doubt-solving sessions are also held frequently to support student learning.

Teaching Hospital and Clinical Training

One of the key strengths of Gian Sagar Medical College is its attached teaching hospital, which provides hands-on clinical training to students. The Gian Sagar Hospital is a 1000+ bed multi-specialty hospital equipped with modern medical equipment, operation theaters, ICUs, diagnostic laboratories, and radiology services. It caters to a large number of patients from surrounding rural and urban areas, ensuring a rich clinical exposure for students.

The hospital has active departments including General Medicine, Surgery, Orthopedics, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dermatology, Psychiatry, ENT, Ophthalmology, and others. This extensive patient inflow ensures that students gain practical experience in diagnosing and treating a wide variety of medical conditions.

The hospital also runs community health outreach programs and medical camps in rural areas, giving students an opportunity to understand the challenges of rural healthcare and engage in preventive and social medicine activities.

Admission and Eligibility

Admission to the MBBS course at Gian Sagar Medical College is based on merit through the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET-UG). For postgraduate courses, NEET-PG scores are considered. The college offers admissions under various quotas:

Government Quota (GQ)

Management Quota (MQ)

NRI Quota

The selection is done as per the guidelines set by the Government of Punjab and the Medical Counseling Committee (MCC), depending on the category of admission. Candidates must meet the minimum eligibility criteria set by the NMC and participate in the counseling process to secure admission.

Fee Structure

The fee structure varies depending on the quota under which the student is admitted:

Government Quota: Approximately ₹406,000 per annum.

Management Quota: Around ₹1,042,000 per annum.

NRI Quota: Significantly higher and subject to annual changes.

In addition to tuition fees, students are required to cover caution money, hostel fees, and other miscellaneous charges. Scholarships and financial assistance may be available for eligible students based on merit and need.

NEET Cut-Off Trends

Gian Sagar Medical College generally sees a moderate to high cut-off for admissions. Over recent years, cut-off marks for general category candidates under the government quota have ranged from 570 to 580. Reserved category students such as SC/ST and OBC generally have lower cut-off scores. The management quota also requires competitive NEET scores, although slightly lower than the government quota.

Research and Academic Excellence

The institution encourages faculty and students to engage in medical research and publish papers in reputable national and international journals. Scientific symposiums, CME programs, workshops, and conferences are held regularly on campus to keep students and faculty abreast of the latest developments in medicine.

Laboratories and departments are equipped to conduct basic and applied research, and students are motivated to undertake small research projects, especially in the preclinical years.

Extracurricular and Student Life

Beyond academics, Gian Sagar Medical College promotes holistic development through cultural events, sports meets, and literary activities. Annual festivals like the college day celebration, fresher’s welcome, and farewell functions are highlights of student life. Various student committees and clubs provide platforms for leadership, creativity, and teamwork.

Sports facilities for cricket, football, badminton, and indoor games are available, and students are encouraged to maintain a healthy work-life balance.

Hospital Services and Community Impact

Gian Sagar Hospital is not just a training ground for students but also a major healthcare provider in the region. It offers affordable and quality treatment to thousands of patients every month, particularly serving the rural and economically weaker sections of society. The hospital runs specialty clinics, diagnostic services, and emergency care, with round-the-clock availability.

Its community outreach and preventive health programs significantly contribute to public health awareness and disease prevention in nearby villages.

Conclusion

Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital, Patiala, stands as a growing institution in medical education and healthcare delivery in Punjab. With modern infrastructure, a dedicated faculty, a busy teaching hospital, and a balanced academic environment, it offers aspiring doctors a comprehensive platform for personal and professional growth. Whether one is aiming to pursue MBBS or further specialization, Gian Sagar provides the resources and ecosystem to develop competent, compassionate, and skilled healthcare professionals