#mississauga literature

[have-you-read-this-short-fiction]

[streetcarstories]

Archetypal of Urban Design Changes

It's nothing special of a design, but the transformation of this proposal over the years feels so very representative of the change in urban design across the Toronto region.

This is 503 Eglinton East, a relatively new proposal by RAW design along the Eglinton Crosstown route.

It begins, as many buildings are in Toronto, as grey. The setbacks are large and, although in a suburban location, it is set to be 'urbanised' with the soon-opening Eglinton Crosstown and the variety of development that brings with it. Tall buildings with suburban character will still feel very suburban (e.g., tower-in-the-parks or a lot of what has already sprung up in Mississauga City Centre).

Yet, across later proposals, this has changed (at least as far as we know)! The latest render releaed via the developer's website added new brick and colour.

Although plenty of older proposals in Toronto had a brick-and-switch maneuver, i.e., starting with brick or brick-esque concrete, this seems at an end. Newer developments seem to be more and more going through with brick (or brick-esque designs) along with more brown and red colours, especially on the lower levels. Many older designs, such as this one, even getting this brick treatment as the proposal ages.

Better yet, the balcony design has been re-organised in a way I find again becoming increasingly common across the GTA. Instead of the balconies jettisonning outwards, they are inlet. Perhaps there is some architectural literature about this (if so I am completely unaware of it) but, simply, I like this design! It is reminiscient of the indoor-outdoor walkways common in Japanese appartments which I've always found to be a great looking design. The previous balcony desing (especially at the tower portion) which has been extraordinarily common in Toronto-area developments seems to be getting phased away in favour of the inlet balcony. Although they still appear in the upper tower portions (as they do here) the podium sections of each development seem to rarely have them. Overall, I find this to be a very positive direction.

Although there is certainly criticism to be made towards the quality of these designs, it nevertheless feels like a significant positive change in the general design direction Toronto is heading in. What is still lacking is the design on the ground floor. Much like the new developments of the early 2010s, the ground floor here (and it is likewise archetypal of Toronto-area developments through that) is largely glass. It does not attempt to do much distinguishment between the storefronts or create any interesting designs. Oddly, most of the design changes I discussed earlier are primarily in the podium design, rather than the tower or ground floor sections. You would think these to also be important! Going forward, I certainly hope we see better design at the ground floor. We haven't seen much dramatic change... but who knows! It looked like we were going to get spandral glass forever until recently.

Finally, some of the more Statistical Details of the development I felt were also representative of Toronto area development trends. That said, most of these are much less dramatic in this 503 Eglinton than I find most Toronto developments tend to be.

According to the latest resubmission (found thanks to NorthernLight on UrbanToronto!) we see a variety of changes most places would beg to have. The height and unit count have been increased, along with additional retail space, all while parking counts barely went up. Additionally, setbacks were dramatically more reduced. Although there is a good case to be made for larger setbacks in the Toronto context (narrow sidewalks and lack of trees are the present conditions of many sidewalks, with larger setbacks allowing this to be remedied) it does help it fit more into an 'urban' fabric. Again, these changes are far less dramatic than we see in many other developments (some cut parking entirely while going up a dozen stories!) but I feel it was overall such a representative sample of the trajectory of Toronto development. Overall, it feels very positive, for all the many faults this city has.

[ibpublishers]

The clear Quran By Dr. Mustafa Khattab | Islamic Book Online Store

The Clear Quran by Dr. Mustafa Khattab is a modern English translation of the Quran that aims to capture the elegance and vigor of the original Arabic text.

The translator, a Canadian-Egyptian scholar and imam, has used the most celebrated works of classical and contemporary tafsir (Quran commentaries) to ensure accuracy and clarity.

The translation has been officially approved by Al-Azhar, the highest authority in Sunni Islam, and endorsed by many Muslim organizations and scholars worldwide.

The Clear Quran is written in a simple and accessible language that can appeal to a wide range of readers, especially young Muslims who may find other translations difficult to understand.

The translator has avoided archaic and obscure words and phrases that may confuse or alienate the modern reader.

Instead, he has chosen words and expressions that reflect the beauty, flow, and power of the Quranic message.

The translation also uses headings, footnotes, and parentheses to provide additional information and context where needed.

The Clear Quran is divided into 114 chapters (surahs), each with a different theme and style. The chapters are further divided into verses (ayahs), which are numbered according to the standard system.

The translation also follows the chronological order of revelation, as indicated by the abbreviations Meccan or Medinan at the beginning of each chapter.

The translation also provides the names and meanings of the chapters in English, as well as the number of verses and the place of revelation.

The Clear Quran is a translation that aims to make the Quran accessible and understandable to the modern reader, while preserving the authenticity and eloquence of the original text.

It is a translation that hopes to inspire and enlighten the reader with the guidance and wisdom of the Quran.

You can buy The clear Quran By Dr. Mustafa Khattab at IB Publishers Online Islamic Bookstore.

About The Author: Dr. Mustafa khattab

Dr. Mustafa Khattab is a Canadian-Egyptian authority on interpreting the Quran.

He was a member of the first team that translated the Ramadan night prayers (Tarawih) live from the Sacred Mosque in Makkah and the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah (2002-2005).

Dr. Khattab memorized the entire Quran at a young age, and later obtained a professional ijazah in the hafs style of recitation with a chain of narrators going all the way to Prophet Muhammad -Lr. He received his Ph.D., M.A., and B.A. in Islamic Studies in English with Honors from Al-Azhar University's Faculty of Languages &Translation.

He lectured on Islam at Clemson University, USA (OLLI Program,   2009-2010), held the position of Lecturer at Al-Azhar University for over a decade starting in 2003, and served as the Muslim Chaplain at Brock University and the University of Toronto (Mississauga) UTM, Canada.

He is a member of the Canadian Council of Imams and a Fulbright Interfaith Scholar.

He has served as an Imam in the U.S.A. and Canada since 2007, and is the translator of The Clear Quran (2015), the author of The Nation of Islam (2011), and Outfoxing Fox News (2017), and contributor to the Encyclopedia of Muslim American History (2010).

His forthcoming works include: Qamus-ul-Quran (The Dictionary of Quranic Vocabulary) and Shukran (an illustrated story for kids).

About IB Publishers Islamic Book Store New York City

IB Publishers Inc. is an Islamic Book Store In USA that specializes in providing a vast range of Islamic books and resources to the Muslim community and anyone interested in learning about Islam.

Offering an extensive collection of books, IB Publishers Inc. aims to meet the educational and spiritual needs of individuals seeking knowledge about Islam.

As an Islamic bookstore, IB Publishers Islamic Book Online Store understands the significance of providing authentic and reliable Islamic literature.

They carefully curate their collection to include books on various subjects, including Quranic studies, Hadith collections, Islamic jurisprudence, biographies of the Prophet Muhammad and prominent Islamic figures, Islamic history, and Islamic philosophy.

You will get Muslim books and other accessories at best price.

[dandywondrous]

It’s Native American Heritage Month

Photo by Tailyr Irvine

(11/24/2023) In addition to learning and celebrating the history of indigenous peoples, we must support indigenous peoples and communities that are alive today and have been alive for centuries.

I currently live on the lands of the Wyandot, Mississauga, Potawatomi, and Anishinabek people. These people lived here for thousands of years before white settlers colonized the land in the 1800s. I will always support indigenous liberation and sovereignty.

To my non-native US and Canadian followers -- if you’re new to the Land Back Movement, you can start by learning whose land you’re on here. Land acknowledgment is the first step, and from there you can reach out to your neighboring First Nation to start building relationships and learn how you can support them. There are still SO many non-native folks in the U.S. who don’t know the history of American colonialism and acts of state-sanctioned genocide committed against Native Americans -- acts that are still ongoing to this day. I know this is kinda poli sci 101 and this has been said already, but we need to continue educating ourselves and each other. Education is one of our greatest tools in the fight against colonialism and imperialism. Knowing that, I'm sharing some current issues that are threatening indigenous people and communities. These are not exclusively indigenous issues either -- they are issues that concern humanity as a whole.

It is also important we build our communities around things that are positive such as art, literature, and culture. So to bolster these things, I'm also sharing some indigenous content creators, authors, and shops. Thank you to @help-ivebeen-turned-into-aparrot for the recommendations and expanding this list!

Remember history, celebrate Native American heritage, and stay informed! Links below the cut.

Current Major Issues (as of November 2023)

Navajo Nation Water Rights Overview (NARF) Resources and how to help (from 2020, still valuable)

Alaskan Ambler Road Overview (Winter Wildlands Alliance) Paving Tundra, a short documentary Take action

Nevada Lithium Mine Overview (First Nations) People of Red Mountain/how to help

Missing And Murdered Indigenous Women Info and overview (Native Hope) Mission

Native American History and Culture

The books and articles with links are freely available. To read the others, you might be able to find them at a nearby library using WorldCat.

Introduction to Native American History by Native Hope

Stories, Dreams, and Ceremonies: Anishinaabe ways of learning by Leanne Simpson

Origin and Traditional History of the Wyandotts by Peter D. Clarke

Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 11: Great Basin by William C. Sturtevant and Warren L. D'Azevedo

Shoshonean Peoples and the Overland Trails by Dale L. Morgan

Diné History of Navajoland by Klara Kelley and Harris Francis

Native American-Owned Shops

Thunder Voice Hat Co. - handmade hats, hat accessories, and other apparel. Kotah Bear - blankets, robes, and jewelry. Owned by two people of Navajo Nation, selling art and jewelry made by Navajo and Pueblo artists. Manitobah - moccasins, mukluks, and other winterwear. A global brand founded by Sean McCormick, a Métis entrepreneur. Also has the Indigenous Market, which sells handmade products by indigenous artists from Canada and the US. Little Inuk Beadwork - jewelry and accessories. Made by Lillian Putulik, Inuk artist. Mobilize - streetwear and fashion. Founded by Dusty LeGrande, Nehiyaw artist and activist. Based in Edmonton, CA.

Authors

Moniquill Blackgoose - science fiction and fantasy. Seaconke Wampanoag author. To Shape A Dragon's Breath Angeline Boulley - young adult thriller fiction. Chippewa author. Firekeeper's Daughter Cherie Dimaline - Métis author, mostly YA fiction. The Marrow Thieves, Hunting by Stars, Funeral Songs for Dying Girls Darcie Little Badger - science fiction and fantasy. Lipan Apache author. Elatsoe, A Snake Falls to Earth Stephen Graham Jones - horror fiction. Blackfoot Native American author. The Only Good Indians, Mongrels, After the People Lights Have Gone Off Delphine Red Shirt - autobiographies, culture, oral tradition. Oglala Lakota author. Turtle Lung Woman's Granddaughter, Bead on an Anthill: A Lakota Childhood, George Sword's Warrior Narratives Dani Trujillo - romance. Chicana/Pueblo author. Lizards Hold the Sun

Content Creators

Che Jim - humor, skits, social and political issues. Diné/Nishnaabe/Chicano content creator. Lillian Putulik - art and jewelry. Nunavik Inuk artist. Bossii Masu Nagaruk - current events and social and political issues. Iñupiaq content creator. David Little Elk - educating about and celebrating Oglala Lakota tribal wisdom. Oglala content creator. Edgar Martin del Campo - educating about cultures, languages, and religions of indigenous peoples of North and South America. Casey (aka Hot Glue Burns on insta) - cosplay and cosplay design/creation.

[alengthyread]

Am in a process once again where am trying to revive my blogging ways. I did about three blogging sites where I ended up with an .xml file with Blogger under Google, and I saved that file, but I was on a desk top when these things were happening, and mind you, that desktop failed on me, so the file ended up in no-mans. Now that am using a laptop, am being really simple, because I don’t want to lose files once again. As for my revival, if you haven’t seen my photos yet, the ones I posted on adriancudal in Facebook, I basically advise, because my photography then was so detailed. I barely blog now, because it isn’t a surprise that am losing my English, and to revive it, am trying to follow Amanda Foreman’s line hoping that I can make it better. My Facebook profile would also be helpful, because geography wise, you’d see the different places I’ve been to. When I was taught with this one-take, unwritten material, I started deleting my published products online, because it was going to be sheerly on speech where there aren’t going to be any evidences. So ended up thousands of photos, and at the same time, transition to Tumblr. But I think am lenient at this time, because there are evidences… I got the trick from Lil’ Wayne where he wasn’t going to write his lyrics, because there can’t be any evidences on the crime scene: I don’t know why it’s like that. The literature and speech both come as the superior element to it, and am just hoping that people would respect this. My vlog with @TheCudal is different, because people stopped listening to it, and am basically avoiding to update it once again, because am out of words at this point. For the most part, people know what I do, a few people know what I do even if they’re not posted online. And that’s my street life, if you and I meet at the mall, that’ll be the crux of it. When homies and I took a vacation to Montreal, guess how I met on the sidewalk? Yes, my doctor Sunny Johnson. I was smiling to him, and he told me to take my medication, so that was kinda’ funny. But the streets are going to talk. Tomorrow I have another opportunity to go to Mississauga, and it’s a tiring trip as I’ve gone three times for the last month, but it’s an opportunity to meet, and discuss things, things don’t need to be uploaded on Instagram. This business is hard, because the fatigue will set in, and it can affect your sleep, it can affect your travelling life. So, I just wanna say thank-you if read this far, maybe if you wanna talk to me; we can meet out in the streets. Pun.

[jamesderive]

Individual Intrigue: Kiara

Super Crawl

Super Crawl is Hamiltion’s art and music festival. While showcasing many things from fashion, literature, theatre, art installations, and performances. While having a wide range of attractions for many people of all different ages and hobbies. It is a non-profit arts organization celebrating many different creative works, providing many local artist a place to show off their work to the community. Supercrawl was established in 2009 by a group of Hamilton artists and activists with the goal of showcasing the city's many cultural offerings. Supercrawl has successfully transformed over the course of its first 10 years from a modest arts-based single-day event to a multi-day event with a national/international profile and attendance. The festival has grown progressively over the years, now spanning over two kilometers of downtown streets.  With attendance rising from 3,000 to more than 250,000. In addition to its annual ticketed performances and festivities, Supercrawl also hosts its name-brand free festival weekend. 

Using the Tourism Regional Economic Impact Model developed by the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture & Sport, Supercrawl 2019 had an economic impact of almost $20 million. Most importantly, festival goers left with a renewed belief in the value of the arts and in Hamilton's vibrant cultural scene. Supercrawl made the shortlist for the 2017 Canadian Tourism Award for Event of the Year as well as the 2019 Ontario Tourism Award of Excellence for Tourism Event of the Year. Seven times the event has been named one of Ontario's Top 100 Festivals/Events, and in 2015 it won the Ontario Tourism Award of Excellence for Tourist Event of the Year (2015-2020, 2023). Supercrawl belongs to the Canadian Music Live Association, Festivals and Events Ontario, and the Major International Festivals and Events Network of Ontario.

The celebration is held on the ancestral lands of the Erie, Chonnonton (Neutral), Wendat, Haudenosaunee, and Mississauga nations, which Supercrawl recognises. The Haudenosaunee Confederacy's six member nations, the Kanien'kehá:ka or Mohawk, refer to Hamilton as Ohrn:wakon, which translates to "in the ravine." Sewatokwà:tshera, the Dish with One Spoon Wampum, covers the land where the festival and its events are held. The purpose of this agreement, which was reached between the Anishinaabe and the Haudenosaunee, was to guarantee that the lands and resources surrounding the Great Lakes were properly managed and that all people who live in this region together will do so in a way that is responsible, respectful, and sustainable.The Haudenosaunee Confederacy and the Dutch created Tékeni Teyohá:te Kaswentah, also known as the Two Row Wampum, to represent the ability of these two unique nations to cohabit without being assimilated by one another. We also accept that the Between the Lakes Treaty No. 3, signed in 1792 by the Crown and the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation, governs this territory. We are grateful to live and work in a region that has supported human activity for more than 10,000 years. We share this land and enjoy its contributions.

As settlers, we recognize that it is our duty to carry out the crucial task of rapprochement as well as to pay attention, absorb knowledge, and grow in the spirit of previous covenants. By doing this, we hope to establish fresh, respectful ties with the Native American tribes in this area and across Turtle Island. We collaborate to uphold the value of our shared past, friendship, and upcoming connections, and we are aware that more work needs to be done to educate ourselves about the rich history of this place so that we can better understand our responsibilities as citizens, neighbors, partners, and stewards.

[leahhicksart]

Website: https://www.leahhicks.com/

Address: Smiths Falls, Eastern Ontario, Canada

Through catastrophic brain injury and resulting trauma comes a channel of expression from which I create my artworks.

Having an education in art, I have learned skills such as Life drawing, Still Life, Shape, Principles and Elements, Colour, and Fundamentals. This has given me a successful career as a well-established professional artist.

My work is represented and seen throughout North America and I have participated in various regional art shows, and solo shows in Montreal, Ottawa, and Kingston as well as having been honored to participate in The Florence Biennale in Italy, Chicago USA’s Art Expo, Toronto’s Arta Gallery’s Modern Woman and London Vogue. My Artwork is currently being shown in Prestigious Galleries across Eastern Canada.

I have had my work mentioned in numerous documents and literature. My artwork has been heavily collected by the Federal Government of Canada as well as held in many private collections and in many countries.

I continue to challenge myself to create a multi-dimensional world on a two-dimensional stage in order to achieve depth and emotion in each piece.

‘Inspiring the mind, exploring the depths of the subconscious landscape’

Business Email: art@leahhicks.com

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/art.leah.hicks

Twitter: https://twitter.com/leahhicksart

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/art.leah.hicks/

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[braunsolis7]

<h1>Celebrating 20 Years Of The National Ethnocultural Advisory Committee Neac</h1>

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[starbuzz-online]

Wellness through poetry #wellnessthroughart #wellnessthroughpoetry #literature #mississaugawriters #mississaugawriter #meenachopra #poetryfromtheheart #poetrylovers #poetrycommunity #torontopoetry #ottawapoetry (at Mississauga, Ontario) https://www.instagram.com/p/CeFzA_RAZCu/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[toptestpreptutorszine-blog]

The Benefits of Hiring a Quality High School Tutor

One who knows about high school certainly knows that it is a very important foundation in the life of any young student. Parents, then, need to make sure that their children are making the most out of their high school education, and really absorbing everything that there is to learn and grow from it. One will be happy to know that it is not hard to find ways to achieve this, and one of the best is through hiring an excellent, experienced high school tutor. Those who hire the best tutor services, then, can be sure that they will not regret doing so, as doing so promises a lot of significant and wonderful benefits to enjoy.

Hiring Tutors for High school Student is certainly beneficial to you in a lot of ways, one of which is the fact that you will be able to select from between a wide range of different subjects that you want your children tutored in. Your children are all different from each other, and this means that they have different strengths and weaknesses when it comes to the subjects that they study – some might be great at math and weak at literature, and vice versa. One will be happy to know that this service has a lot to offer, from oral communication to media studies, literature to writing.

Hiring Math Tutors in Mississauga is also a very good idea for you, as when you do so, you can be sure that you can trust in the quality of the learning that your children will get. You can be sure that these tutors have had so much experience behind them, and what is more, that they are equipped with techniques that will give enjoyment to their students as well as ensure that they absorb the lessons well. Parents will be surprised and happy to find out, then, that their children are doing so much better in the subjects that they used to find difficult or boring.

Last but not least, people will be able to benefit when they hire a tutoring service like this because they can be sure that it will be worth it. One can be certain that the pricing will be affordable, and no doubt worthwhile, as it will give one’s children the best chances for more success in the future.

Hiring a tutor service like this one, then, is certainly something that you should do because when you do so, you will be able to give your kids a lot of benefits, and you can be sure that everyone will be satisfied with them in the long run. Read this article about tutors: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutorial#Tutorial_schools 

[officialdreadwolf]

thank u @ingwion​ for tagging me!!!!!

1. are you named after anyone? I don’t think so? I think my parents just wanted a biblical name lmfao 2. when was the last time you cried? uh two days ago, last week was rough lol

3. do you have/want kids? not currently, I can’t really see myself having kids. I’ve actually been thinking about it a bit lately tho, I feel like if my partner wanted children I’d be willing to consider it

4. do you use sarcasm a lot? I used to think I did but now? I don’t think so lol

5. what’s the first thing you notice about people? idk actually! i guess their general demeanour, I tend not to really take in what people look like the first time i see them 

6. what’s your eye color? hazel (hey same hat) 7. happy ending or scary ending? uh happy lol, I don’t like scary stuff lol

8. any special talents? nothing super unique but I like to draw!

9. where were you born? Mississauga, Ontario

10. what are your hobbies? video games, podcasts, drawing?

11. do you have any pets? A giant schnauzer named Lady :3

12. what sports do you play/have you played? none lmfao bye

13. how tall are you? 5′5

14. favorite subject in school? in high school it was always art and english, I really like philosophy and canadian literature now

15. dream job? concept artist but lol... with the path I’m on right now, I’d like to teach

 uh I’ll tag @mosseffect @mothermayhhem @1inconnue @aphrxdities @knife-ear 

[noynoythehandsome-blog]

ALBERT CASUGA was born in Baguio City, the Mountain Province during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, and grew up in San Fernando, La Union, in the northern Philippines. He finished his elementary education in San Fernando Elementary School (Salutatorian), his secondary education at the La Union National High School (Valedictorian, 1959). In high school, he served as editor-in-chief of the La Union TAB, the pioneer high school newspaper in the Philippines. He married his university classmate, Lourdes Veronica Casuga, with whom he had five children, and at this writing, a grandfather of nine.

A graduate (English & Literature, magna cum laude, 1963) of the Royal and Pontifical University of St. Thomas (now University of Santo Tomas, Manila), he taught English and Literature at the Philippines' De La Salle University and San Beda College. He was editor of the Journal of Arts and Sciences in UST (1961–62), Graduate School Journal of UST(1964), Literary Editor of the San Beda College Journal (1965-1968), and Assistant Literary Editor of the UST's Varsitarian (1962). He worked as a journalist with the United Press International (1963–65), and arts writer at the defunct Philippines Herald in the 70s. As a senior writer of the Philippine literary diaspora in Canada, he worked as writer and editor at the Metroland Publishing Company, publishers of Harlequin books and the country's largest daily The Toronto Star. He taught communications courses at the International School of Business (Canada) of which he was concurrent Communications director at its Mississauga campus (1990–98).

[katelynnoyes]

Creative Education of Noyes Art and Design

2015

Personal Tutor. Elementary Student with Special Needs. Noyes Education & Creativity. 2014 to 2015

2014

Stop Motion Animation Summer Camp, Lead Instructor. Appleby College. July 2014 to August 2014

Volunteer Work

World Pride Parade Toronto, July 2014. Community engagement, viewing-stand accessibility management

Youth Connect City of Mississauga Culture Division, June 2014. Celebration Square, “Art in the Park” station manager 

DANCE EXPLOSION City of Mississauga Culture Division, May 2014. Living Arts Centre, back stage crew

Youth Mobilizer. Internship for the City of Mississauga. Rebel ’14 events celebrating National Youth Arts Week, with Lisa Abbott

Teacher’s Assistant to Robert Fones in CCT452 Graphic Design and Popular Culture

A+ Tutors for Less. 8 weeks tutoring boy with Autism in Math and English

March break, supply visual art teacher at Studio Pavas for elementary level to secondary level.

Alpha’s Discovery Club, Mississauga, ON. November 2011 – April 2014 Facility Manager. Engage and entertain youths through a variety of party activities. Work within stringent time lines, and budget demands. Booking and managing of parties, viewing appointments. Manage client concerns, and staff. Certified Kindermusik instructor, camp leader, publicity events. 2013: Rogers Television appearance, spring craft demo promoting Alpha’s Discovery Club 

2013

Summer Camp Coordinator and Leader. Alpha’s Preschool Academy June 2013 to August 2013

2012

Secondary Level Tutor- Success in Education - English

2011

Artist assistant for Denyse Thomasos “Kingdom Come”

2011

Multimedia Summer Camp Instructor. Design, technology, and animation instructor at Thinnox Design Academy for children aged 6-9 years old

2009

Erin Mills Middle school visual art and English literature teaching assistant

AWARDS

2011

University of Toronto Mississauga intramural indoor girls soccer team most valuable player and team captain

2010

Rotary Youth Leadership

2008

Ontario Scholar

Erindale Secondary School Subject Award (Grade 12 Visual Arts)

2006

Rotary International’s Youth Foreign Exchange Program, Brazil

PUBLICATIONS

2014

·      University of Toronto in Mississauga Medium Newspaper for the 2014 Graduating Art and Art History Program Show March 2014

·      University of Toronto in Mississauga Medium Newspaper for the 2014 UTM Film Festival, section of article on “My Violent Society” video art piece.

2012

Publication for Buff 2011-2012

EXHIBITIONS

2014

“Up One Side and Down the Other” Graduating Student show for the Art and Art History Program between Sheridan College in Oakville and the University of Toronto in Mississauga, Consuming the Domestic Resources 2.0, trio of portrait sculptures, 2014.

“Trinity Art Show 2014”, Consuming Domestic Resources, (series of 7) sculpture, 2013.

University of Toronto in Mississauga’s Film Festival 2014, two videos exhibited: “The Superstars” (2012) and “My Violent Society” (2010)

Sheridan College “Do Not Touch” exclusive sculpture 4 performances

[rommellamar-blog]

Albert B. Casuga

A Philippine-born writer at  Baguio City, lives in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, where he continues to write poetry, fiction, and criticism after his retirement from teaching and serving as an elected member of his region's school board. He was nominated to the Mississauga Arts Council Literary Awards in 2007. A graduate of the Royal and Pontifical University of St. Thomas (now University of Santo Tomas, Manila. Literature and English, magna cum laude), he taught English and Literature (Criticism, Theory, and Creative Writing) at the Philippines' De La Salle University and San Beda College. He has authored books of poetry, short stories, literary theory and criticism. He has won awards for his works in Canada, the U.S.A., and the Philippines. His latest work, A Theory of Echoes and Other Poems was published February 2009 by the University of Santo Tomas Publishing House. His fiction and poetry were published by online literary journals Asia Writes and Coastal Poems recently. He was a Fellow at the 1972 Silliman University Writers Workshop, Philippines. As a journalist, he worked with the United Press International and wrote an art column for the defunct Philippines Herald.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUPPUUr8hcs

[presssorg]

The science loop: How cognitive biases contribute to the intellectual entrenchment at the root of junk science

The science loop: How cognitive biases contribute to the intellectual entrenchment at the root of junk science By Joanna Szurmak

In an article in The Skeptical InquirerMay/June 2019 issue an author dissects a Flat Earther school board presentation seemingly surprised that it was “intelligently designed,” as if the key issue with junk science such as the flat earth model were the low intelligence, or poor communication skills, of its adherents. What is at the root of junk science, however, is neither stupidity nor lack of sophistication but the intellectual entrenchment due to a set of cognitive biases shared by scientists and laypersons alike. John P.A. Ioannidis, a Stanford physician-scientist who has been studying scientific scholarship for years, defined bias as “the combination of various design, data, analysis, and presentation factors that tend to produce research findings when they should not be produced.” In the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge the two most problematic sources of distortion are confirmation bias and motivated reasoning. Confirmation bias occurs when one pays attention to information that supports prior beliefs while rejecting anything that may challenge or oppose them. Motivated reasoning is a strategy to deal with challenging or opposing data by fitting them in so that they support — or at least do not contradict — the existing worldview. There is nothing simplistic or unintelligent about the process of shoring up an entrenched belief through the use of cognitive biases. In fact, Stony Brook political scientists  Charles Taber and Milton Lodge noted that in all academic disciplines “(r)esearch findings confirming a hypothesis are accepted more or less at face value, but when confronted with contrary evidence, we become “motivated skeptics” (…), and only when all the counter arguing fails do we rethink our beliefs.” University of Virginia psychologist Brian Nosek, the creator of the Centre for Open Science, and first author of the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines — intended to curb motivated reasoning through best practices for research design and dissemination — explained the process to journalist Philip Ball. Whether one is a scientist or not, “most of our reasoning is in fact rationalization,” or fitting what one thinks one observes to what one wants to see. Whereas confirmation bias is a filtering mechanism, motivated reasoning both filters and distorts the influx of new information. Taber and Lodge extended their observations of biased thinking to non-scientists as well, finding that, in fact, “those who feel the strongest about the issue and are the most sophisticated — strengthen their attitudes in ways not warranted by the evidence.” Thus, our Skeptical Inquirer journalist should not have been surprised by the apparent cleverness of the flat earth presentation. It probably took a fair amount of commitment to the cause, and flat-out creativity, to contrive convincing arguments. How can scientific practice and science dissemination be made more independent of cognitive biases or social and intellectual entrenchment? One tentative answer is that sticking with best practices will allow science to self-correct through ongoing refutation and discussion. The scientific method, at least as framed by the philosopher Karl Popper, appears to limit bias by specifying that scientists first seek to falsify or disprove their hypotheses, and only then attempt to find support for — but never “prove” — them through different sets of experiments. Scientists often develop hypotheses inductively — from examples to generalizations — based on observations. Induction, however, may be used not only to identify new ideas but also to “prove” shaky theories because it cannot confirm the absolute truth of a statement. Popper’s famous example of this is the black swan problem. If all observations of swans are of white ones, the inductively based hypothesis on swan pigmentation will have to be: “All swans are white.” But this is a hypothesis: a best guess based on preliminary data. Until one observes a black swan, one cannot falsify — or refute — this hypothesis by providing evidence to the contrary. It is essential that when one sets out to test the “all swans are white” hypothesis, one does so with data not used to formulate it. This gives one a fair chance to see whether the hypothesis may be refuted. Science still never “proves” anything, merely provides evidence-based theories that get more sophisticated and better at predicting the real world through deductively formed hypotheses. This inductive-deductive loop (see graphic) is the basis for much work in the sciences and social sciences: One observes and inductively develops some insights and hypotheses based on the preliminary data. These give rise — deductively — to hypotheses that are subjected to falsification using entirely new data. If these hypotheses cannot be falsified, there is a chance one has a valuable insight that still needs a whole lot more testing.

So far, so good. Nosek, however, pointed out a common violation of this falsification process: “One basic fact that is always getting forgotten is that you can’t generate hypotheses and test them with the same data. (…) At present we mix up exploratory and confirmatory research.” When scientists do that, motivated reasoning can take over experimental design or data analysis. In such cases, according to Nosek, “we have already made the decision about what to do or to think, and our ‘explanation’ of our reasoning is really a justification for doing what we wanted to do — or to believe — anyway.” Nosek and others have studied cognitive biases that influence the design of experiments and the interpretation of data. Publication and funding biases researched by Ioannidis distort the availability and reporting of results, adding social and political dimensions to the distortions of science. The practice of science is, indeed, socially determined. Thomas Kuhn described this social culture of scientific research as a framework of “normal” science punctuated by paradigm shifts when new ways of thinking first disrupt, then displace, the orthodoxies. The epidemiologist Ludwik Fleck had made similar observations about “closed systems of opinion” decades before Kuhn. Fleck noted that these systems were self-reinforcing socio-cognitive constructs that resisted outlier ideas with “tenacity.” Thus, the question of bias in science may not necessarily be a problem with the inductive-deductive method but with the human tendency to act … human. The self-corrective mechanisms in science show evidence that despite individual cognitive biases and socially-induced systemic distortions, researchers following the scientific method are still our best bet for a sustained methodology of discovery. Remember the heated debate over the cause of ulcers? It was a big deal in the mid-1980s, at least for Robin Warren and Barry J. Marshall, two Australian researchers who, after refuting the consensus hypothesis that stomach acid caused ulcers, were awarded the 2005 Nobel Prize for their work showing that bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori were responsible for the condition. The ulcer case is by no means an anomaly. Scientists are reacting to biased work all the time. In March 2019 ecologist Atte Komonen and his colleagues corrected the “strongly popularized unsubstantiated claims” about the imminent extinction of insects that, nonetheless, made waves earlier in 2019 in a peer-reviewed journal and in the media. The methodological flaws of the original study included a biased literature search: “By including the word (declin*), there is a bias towards literature that reports declines (…) If you search for declines, you find declines.” Even Ioannidis’ research sustained constructive criticism by Steven Goodman and Sander Greenland  who wrote, echoing Popper, that instead of proving that “most published claims are untrue,” Ioannidis showed “that no study or combination of studies can ever provide convincing evidence.” Enforced consensus and unmitigated social, professional or financial pressures are bound to distort the processes of questioning and falsification. There are, therefore, likely to entrench the cognitive biases of motivated reasoning and confirmation bias. And biased science is the seed of junk science that germinates under the conditions of intellectual or political polarization. Joanna Szurmak is a Research Services Librarian, University of Toronto Mississauga and a PhD Candidate, Science & Technology Studies, York University sites.utm.utoronto.ca/szurmak/ Published at Thu, 20 Jun 2019 11:27:45 +0000 Read the full article

[thebestintoronto]

Toronto - A Multicultural Treasure - Canada, February 2019

Welcome to Toronto, the most multiculturally diverse city on the planet, where more than 180 languages are spoken on a daily basis. A popular adage describes the city as "New York City run by the Swiss," and it's true—you can find world-class theater, underground tunnels, shopping and restaurants, the sidewalks are clean and the people are friendly. It's estimated that over half of Toronto's residents were born outside Canada and despite its complex makeup, Torontonians generally get along extremely well. When the weather is fine, Toronto is a blast: a vibrant, big-time city abuzz with activity. Some of the world's finest restaurants are found here, alongside happening bars and clubs and eclectic festivals. Yes, winter in Toronto can be a real drag, with things getting messy on the congested highways and crowded public transit system. But come here with patience, an open mind and even during frigid days and bone-chilling nights, you're bound to have a great time. There is a fresh international buzz about this city. Perhaps it's the influx of flush new residents from across the globe; or was it the Pan-Am Games that shone a spotlight on Toronto? Either way, this is a city that is waking up to its own greatness.

A little bit of history:

When Europeans first arrived at the site of present-day Toronto, the vicinity was inhabited by the Iroquois, who had displaced the Wyandot (Huron) people, occupants of the region for centuries. The name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquoian word tkaronto, meaning "place where trees stand in the water". This refers to the northern end of what is now Lake Simcoe, where the Huron had planted tree saplings to corral fish. In the 1660s, the Iroquois established two villages within what is today Toronto. By 1701, the Mississauga had displaced the Iroquois, who abandoned the Toronto area at the end of the Beaver Wars, with most returning to their base in present-day New York. In the 17th century, the area was a crucial for travel, with the Humber and Rouge rivers providing a shortcut to the upper Great Lakes. These routes together were known as the Toronto Passage.

As a major destination for immigrants to Canada, the city grew rapidly through the remainder of the 19th century. The first significant wave of immigrants were Irish, fleeing the Great Irish Famine -the vast majority were Catholic. By 1851, the Irish-born population had become the largest single ethnic group in the city. For brief periods, Toronto was twice the capital of the united Province of Canada: first from 1849 to 1852, following unrest in Montreal, and later 1856 to 1858. After this date, Quebec was designated as the capital until 1866 (one year before Canadian Confederation). Since then, the capital of Canada has remained Ottawa, Ontario. Toronto became the capital of the province of Ontario after its official creation in 1867.

Following WWII, refugees from war-torn Europe and Chinese job-seekers arrived. Toronto's population grew to more than one million in 1951, when large-scale suburbanization began and doubled to two million by 1971. Following the elimination of racially based immigration policies by the late 1960s, Toronto became a destination for immigrants from all parts of the world. By the 1980s, Toronto had surpassed Montreal as Canada's most populous city and chief economic hub.

As is my usual practice, I’m taking up “residence” in a Hilton property – this time it’s the Doubletree on Chestnut Street in downtown. My red-eye flights via Detroit had me touching down at Pearson International by 10:30am, temperature was just 13f with a wind chill of -17f, heavy overcast skies and thick snowflakes beginning to float down to add to the existing accumulation on the runways. To say it was cold would be a vast understatement – my breath was a stream of white mist as I walked up the gangway from the plane into the terminal, shivering all the way. My arranged transfer to the hotel was via Jayride Shuttles, an excellent shuttle company I have used in the past. They are significantly cheaper than most transfer services to the city (I paid $35 USD for a one-way trip) and it can all be done online via their website. By noon I was checking into the Doubletree right in the heart of the entertainment center of Toronto – a 26-story building and my home-away-from-home for the next couple of weeks is on the 24th floor, overlooking the city center ice skating rink. A small room by my usual standards but very cozy, with a bay window affording sweeping views of the streets far below. The Wifi signal is always strong and stable and of course, numerous American/Canadian television channels to satisfy even me! After the redeye flights and having been awake for more than 39 hours, I was more than ready for a hot shower and a long afternoon nap – I can unpack and get settled in later.

My first morning in Toronto and I awoke to a fresh layer of snow blanketing the immediate area and glistening in the bright morning sunlight. Skaters are already zooming around the rink, wrapped up like Goodyear Tire Men from head to foot in thick coats, scarves, hats and gloves. Temperature was -9c with a wind chill of -13c…. that called for hot coffee and lots of it. After the standard hotel buffet breakfast (or “brekkie” as it’s known in Canada), I stopped by the front desk to collect a city street map and some sightseeing literature – now I’m ready to plan my 2-week stay. Thankfully I picked an ideal location to use as a base of operations – I’m in easy walking distance from just about everything and even though it means braving these crazy temps, I’m ready to take on the challenge of Toronto’s outdoors. I have my winter coat (only one I own), gloves, umbrella and even a scarf – only missing the requisite fur hat…..you can now refer to me as Nannoka of the North, bring on the blizzard…. LOL.

Just as I was debating whether to go out for dinner or eat in, the fire alarm went off in my room – so loud, it startled me out of a half doze. Then came an announcement that the fire department was its way to check out the problem. This lasted for almost 25 minutes with the alarm shrieking constantly, only halted temporarily when an updated announcement was made by hotel staff. Finally it was determined to be a false alarm and things seemed to return to normal – yeah right. By this time, I had made the decision to eat in so made my way to the elevators. Turns out when the alarm was triggered the elevators automatically stopped, and until a serviceman arrived to release them, they were not moving. I had a choice: either go hungry or hike down 24 flights of back service stairs……no contest, I’m headed for the lobby on the ankle express (aka hiking). If I hadn’t been hungry earlier, I had definitely worked up an appetite when I reached the ground floor. See how much fun can be had while traveling the globe…. certainly boggles the mind at times.

Hemispheres Restaurant and Bistro is the inhouse eatery on the lobby floor. Having opted to eat here this evening, I was pleasantly surprised at the menu options. I selected the pea soup puree with wasabi cream which, in spite of its name, tasted way better than it sounds. My entrée was a fantastic Bistro burger with smoked gouda cheese accompanied by sweet potato fries – a really fantastic dinner. Considering I was dining in a hotel restaurant the resulting $27 USD bill was reasonable, and the food was excellent. Thank all the gods on high the elevators had been released for service by this time, and I didn’t have to hike UP 24 flights – that was NOT on my list of things to do this evening!

In spite of my clothing preparations, my sightseeing plans went to hell in a hand basket when I opened the drapes the next morning to see light snow falling. That wouldn’t normally have stopped me, but what I heard on the local weather newscast did. The City had issued a severe cold temperature warning, along with a major storm announcement moving into the area tomorrow morning, along with a prediction for heavy snowfall, ice pellets, freezing rain and mercury readings I don’t even want to think about. Sand trucks are being readied for the upcoming blizzard, so being outside and exploring is out of the question for a day or so…. I’ll use this time to finalize upcoming trips and watch the snow drifts get higher and higher outside my windows.

I’m looking at the blizzard right now – make that a “whiteout” – swirling outside my windows….I awoke a couple of hours ago to relative calm and low temps. Promptly at 7:30am the predicted winter storm rolled into Toronto and it has been hell on wheels ever since. The order to close all city schools went out very early; except for the subway, city transportation is at a standstill; the airport has cancelled multiple flights, government employees are working from home, and yet there are people on the street walking their dogs! The winds are howling, blowing the snow in all directions building drifts against every available wall, and I have a front-row seat for all this excitement – how cool is that?

Unfortunately I missed one of the city’s most popular events by just one day…..Winterlicious, created by the city and held from January 25 to February 4. It featured delectable three-course prix fixe menus at nearly 200 participating restaurants and an eclectic culinary event series city-wide. Bad logistical planning on my part.

However I am in time and in town for another spectacular event: the Toronto Light Festival, now in its third year. Approximately 750,000 lights are used to create a magical experience that sees the area’s 50+ Victorian-era buildings surrounded by light sculptures and dazzling canopies. Here I’m on a new visual journey and imaginative cerebral adventure, designed to entertain and inspire. The Festival transforms this neighborhood into one of the largest open-air galleries in the world, lighting up the long winter nights with distinctive works from both local and international light artists. Formerly the home of Gooderham and Worts, which was once the largest distiller in the world, it is now a designed National Historic Site. A free event which runs thru March 2nd is located in the Distillery Historic District. This entire complex is a romantic, creative and pedestrian-only village, lined with cobblestone streets and endless galleries, restaurants, cafes and shopping boutiques.

Winter here offers something else for free, ice skating at the Evergreen Brick Works. The Don Valley Brick Works (aka the Evergreen Brick Works) is a former quarry and industrial site which operated for nearly 100 years, providing bricks used to construct many well-known Toronto landmarks. Since the closure of the original factory, the quarry has been converted into a city park which includes a series of naturalized ponds, while the buildings have been restored and opened as an environmentally-focused community and cultural center by Evergreen, a national charity dedicated to restoring nature in urban environments. The outdoor rink weaves thru snow-covered gardens under exposed beams of the old brick factory roof and is considered one of the most picturesque skating rinks in Toronto. Bring your own skates or rent a pair for $5 (USD $3.74). Open 10am-5pm Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays from December to March, with Winter Wednesdays from 5:30 to 9:30pm thru February 20th. These hours are always weather-dependent. My days on ice are long gone – I’m thankful to stand upright and walk without assistance these days - but it will be a great photo op and an interesting evening while I’m here, not to mention a chance to hoist a couple of hot buttered-rum toddies!

The most iconic (and definitely most visible) landmark in Toronto as to be the CN Tower measuring some 1,815’ high, making it the tallest structure in the western hemisphere. Located at 290 Bremner Boulevard, it provides numerous options for scoping out city views from three observation decks, with my favorite being the glass floor elevator watching the street get further and further away as you ride higher – certainly not for the faint hearted! The Skyped Observation Platform is the place to see Niagara and New York state on a clear day and for a really special meal, book a table at 360 Restaurant. This revolving eatery dishes up signature Canadian cuisine with a seasonally changing menu. Don’t even think of coming here without your camera – it’s the ultimate photo opportunity.

Known as the Castle on the Hill, Casa Loma took three years and $3.5M ($2.6M USD) to build. It’s owner, Sir Henry Pellatt, filled Casa Loma with priceless artwork from Canada and around the world. It stood as a monument to its creator – it surpassed any private home in North America and was once the largest private residence in Canada. With soaring battlements and secret passageways, it paid homage to the castles and knights of days gone by, and to this day it remains one of the only true castles on the North American continent. This grand estate features secret tunnels and doors, as well as colorfully lush gardens and very ornate details, like the family coat of arms on the library ceiling. Case Loma is also home to a historic-themed series of theatrical escape rooms, where guests can choose from 4 different games. Located at 1 Austin Terrace, you can find times, tickets and more information at escapecasealoma.com.

For the foodies in the crowd, St. Lawrence Market should be on your “must see” list when in town. Named by National Geographic Magazine as one of the world’s top food markets, it dates back to 1845 and features more than 120 vendors selling all manner of fresh fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, cheese and baked goods. No, you don’t have to be shopping for a rack of lamb to justify a visit: the market is also home to a variety of takeout food stalls. It is made up of three major markets: Farmer’s Market only open on Saturdays 5am to 3pm; Antiques Market only open on Sundays 5am to 5pm; and the main South Market open Tuesdays-Thursdays 8am to 6pm, Fridays 8am to 7pm, Saturdays 5am to 5pm and closed on Sundays. A big plus is the Market Gallery located on the second floor of the South Market. It’s home to rotating exhibits that chronicle Toronto’s unique history via photographs, maps, paintings and more. Located at 92-95 Front Street East, just a couple of blocks from the Distillery.

And of course you can’t visit Canada and not visit the Hockey Hall of Fame (Canadians LIVE for this game). Located at Brookfield Place, 30 Yonge Street in downtown, it’s Toronto’s tribute to the national obsession featuring memorabilia, displays and interactive games. Fans are invited to do their own play-by-play commentary on classic games in the TSN/RDS broadcast zone, tour a replica of the Canadiens dressing room, or test their skill and block shots from some of the game’s greatest shooters. Visitors can also have a photo op with the game’s ultimate hardware: the Stanley Cup. There’s a new permanent exhibit here - The Mask - which chronicles the evolution of goalie masks as a means of protection and self-expression. Currently there are 90 masks on display.

Toronto boasts some of the best museums, including The Royal Ontario, Museum of Illusions, Gardiner Museum, Gibson House, Aga Khan, Museum of Contemporary Art and others. It also has numerous shopping centers and malls, the best known being the CF Toronto Easton Centre located downtown at 20 Yonge Street. One of the busiest malls in North America, it offers more than 250 shops, services and restaurants under its roof. An elevated pedestrian bridge over Queen Street connects to the flagship Hudson’s Bay department store and Saks Fifth Avenue across the street. Not being a shopaholic in even the vaguest sense of the word, you won’t find me anywhere near a mall 99% of the time, but this place is worth a visit if only to gawp with stunned reactions, at the price tags on the haute couture at design houses such as Balmain, Dior, Givenchy, Rodarte and Jason Wu (a favorite of Michelle Obama). Do people really buy stuff with that many numbers after the dollar sign? Evidently they do – enough to give both me and my credit card heart attacks.

Just 90 miles south of Toronto across Lake Ontario is a natural wonder of the world - Niagara Falls. I have visited it previously in summer and winter seasons many years ago – I think the most dramatic of all is right now, slap in the middle of February and during one of the coldest winters we have experienced in decades. During my sightseeing planning session on day one, I found a fantastic combo deal online via City Sightseeing Tours which, for a grand total of just under $80 USD, gets me not only my favorite HOHO 2-day unlimited-use bus ticket to explore Toronto, but also a full day tour to the Falls. I’m booked for Valentine’s Day and expecting it to be a frozen winter wonderland from start to finish.

The tour coach arrived some 20 minutes late, due to rush hour traffic and the ever-present construction sites, but finally around 10am all 35 tourists were onboard, and we made our way out of the city. It’s about an hour and a half drive to reach the Falls, paralleling Lake Ontario and passing thru the towns of Mississauga and Hamilton. The weather was holding well, and the sun actually made an appearance just before we reached Niagara. Yes, it was a winter wonderland with the thundering Falls throwing mist hundreds of feet into the air, much of which falls as frozen rain on surrounding rocks and embankments. This frozen mist builds up layer upon layer on virtually any available surface, until the entire area becomes a surreal landscape of sparkling snow, blue/white ice, and when accompanied by the most brilliant turquoise green water of the rushing Niagara River…..well, this place is simply stunning. The verdant green color of the water is a byproduct of the estimated 60 tons every minute of dissolved salts and "rock flour" (very finely ground rock) generated by the erosive force of the river itself. It’s something to see in summer time, but nothing compares with being here in the dead of winter. Niagara Falls is the collective name for three waterfalls (Horseshoe Falls, American Falls, and Bridal Veil Falls) that straddle the international border between the Canadian province of Ontario and the US state of New York, forming the southern end of the Niagara Gorge. The American Falls usually appear to be more “frozen” than the Horseshoe Falls because they only receive about 7% of the Niagara River flow. With less water cascading over these Falls, there is a greater opportunity for ice buildup. Superlatives are not in short supply here: the cumulative output of the falls is the highest of any falls in the world, with Horseshoe Falls being the most powerful on the North American continent. In the dawn of the automotive age, Niagara Falls was the top honeymoon and summer vacation destination and even though it no longer has that claim to fame, it still attracts millions of tourists every year.

There has only been one occurrence where the flow of Niagara Falls has been stopped due to a freeze-up which actually happened on March 29, 1848. After an extremely cold winter, the thick ice of Lake Erie began to break up during a duration of warm weather. Followed by a strong eastward wind, this caused the ice to form in the mouth of the Niagara River which then caused a blockage of water from flowing down towards the Horseshoe Falls. When water comes crashing down over the Falls into the rocks below, it causes it to turn solid and form what is known as “The Ice Bridge” connecting the American side to the Canadian Side. Many years ago, the Ice Bridge was a popular tourist attraction as visitors would gather on the bridge and admire the beauty that the cold winter weather had created. Both Canadian and American visitors would gather to walk on the bridge, where they could enjoy fresh food and beverages as some entrepreneurs set up concession stands during these cold times. That was all until an unfortunate disaster occurred on February 4, 1912 when the bridge broke off and caused three people to drift down the river to their death. Ever since this incident occurred, walking on the Ice Bridge is forbidden. For the majority of winters the Falls are known to partially freeze, although the Falls never entirely freeze-up on the waterfall or in the Niagara River. Notable years for the Falls displaying this icing up are 1885, 1902, 1906, 1911, 1932, 1936, 2014, and 2017. The illusion of the falls freezing completely is due to the outer part of the falls creating a buildup of ice, but underneath that outer shell, the water is continuously flowing down the Falls at a constant rate.

I had a couple of hours to explore, take photographs and grab a bowl of hot spicy chili for lunch at a nearby restaurant. It was too cold to spend a lot of time out of doors, but I had a great viewing spot from the second floor of the restaurant building and was able to take some stunning pictures. From here it’s a short drive to our next stop, Niagara-on-the-Lake, and there’s something about this town that makes you want to linger. The heritage district here is made for walking, with its boutique shops, cast-iron planters and horse-drawn carriages transporting riders to another time and place. It’s Victorian-era 19th century is charm personified, and you could easily transplant the entire town and set it down anywhere in New England, where it would blend in perfectly. Located at the point where the Niagara River flows into Lake Ontario, it is the only town in Canada with a Lord Mayor. The permanent population is about 18,000 residents.

Besides the obvious attraction of Niagara Falls, there are many other distinct historic sites in the area that educate tourists about the significance that the region served in shaping Canada to what it is today. The War of 1812 was a turning point in Niagara Falls history, when the fledgling United States army fought British Loyalists for the new lands that would become Canada. From Fort Erie to Niagara-on-the-Lake, it’s possible to visit the past, carefully restored and recreated. At Old Fort Erie, authentically dressed guides in 1812 period costume, recreate life in this former British garrison, including daily musket demonstrations and the annual Siege of Old Fort Erie Re-enactment. Fort Erie was also an entry point for freedom-seeking black slaves escaping persecution in the U.S. The point of entry into Canada from Buffalo, was known as “The Crossing” and is the start of the Freedom Trail - part of the Underground Railroad. There are innumerable stops for those interested in the history of the area, including Brock’s Monument, a tribute to the British General who lost his life at the Battle of Queenston in 1812.The Daredevil Exhibit at the IMAX theatre showcases real artifacts from daredevils that survived the plunge, and along with the all the stories to go with how each daredevil attempted the treacherous stunt of plummeting down the Falls. The Museum is where visitors can explore the history that changed a nation with real artifacts, images, videos and interactive experiences designed to deliver full exposure to historic events in the region. The Niagara Falls Gallery provides visitors with an opportunity to experience the history of the iconic Falls from the geological creation of the Falls to the daredevils that tested the ferocious capability of nature.

Our final stop before heading back to Toronto, was at the Niagara College Teaching Distillery located in the heart of Niagara’s wine country - its claim to fame is producing ice wine. It takes 4 times as many frozen grapes to produce it compared to regular wines and is sweet enough to make you gag…..not my idea of wine drinking at all, but it is an acquired taste. 40 students each year are selected for the college course and are taught everything from A to Z about making wine. Graduation from this college gives students multiple employment opportunities, especially in the hospitality industries.

During my stay in Toronto, the weather pendulum has swung from one extreme to the other. I have seen sunlight, snow blizzards, ice storms and ferocious winds, sometimes all in one day! Temperatures have rarely risen above freezing and are usually well below that but surprisingly, I have enjoyed the craziness of it all. This is a great town to explore, even if I’ve had to negotiate snow drifts on the sidewalks, handle ice pellets bouncing off my umbrella, and figure out where I am when caught in a “whiteout” …..such is life for a road warrior.

The post “ Toronto - A Multicultural Treasure - Canada, February 2019 “ was originally seen on Travel Blog

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