#nonreplicated

[a-pisces-gremlin]

Hate how I would love love the new designs of they were in an ammeter/nonreplic prod

[rnomics]

Existence and significance of viral nonreplicative #RNA recombination

by Vadim I. Agol In response to a recent article, this Formal Comment discusses nonreplicative joining of fragments of viral RNAs, a class of reactions which might be widespread in nature, contributing to conservation and #evolution not only of viruses but of cellular organisms as well. https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.3002216&utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=tumblr

[theshadowrealmitself]

Thinking about a human who likes to grow plants and make tea from them, completely handmade, suddenly getting an influx of Vulcan customers wanting to experience nonreplicated tea from their home after Vulcan was destroyed

[lordofparadoxes]

|| Connection established . . . playing . . . ||

|| loading . . . . . ||

|| loading . . . . ||

|| loading . . . ||

-ot working?! [ There's a loud bang. ] Fuck, that'll teach me to- wait- [ A rustling noise, close to the speaker. ] Oh, yes! It's working! Finally, I was starting to think that guy scammed me. He's damn lucky I figured this thing out, tsk. [ Ineligible muttering. ]

[ A big black and white creature that resembles a mix of a squirrel and a rabbit comes into view, buck teeth and tusks poking out from their lips, eyes focused on something off-screen. Their eyes dart to the camera, widening comically as if they just realized they were being recorded. ]

Ah- sorry! You're probably wondering who I am. [ The creature chuckles, looking sheepish and rubbing the back of their neck with a spotted paw. ] Well, the name's Paradox, and I'm a Time Lord. [ They pause, face scrunching up as if realizing something. ] Not The Doctor's kind, though I have met them. No, I originate from a time branch of what my superiors have named the Rise Universe, the newest tree for the TMNT garden. For people who don't follow: I am a yokai that was born in a Hidden City, which one I can't remember. My universe of origin's ending code is 2018, though I've since moved. [ They offer the camera a small grin, their long ears flicking back, the big bushy tail behind them twitching a bit. ]

Normally this kind of thing would get one fired... but considering Tumblr has consistently broken the laws of reality by having multiple versions of the same person on it at any given point and allowing them to interact without consequence... well, my superiors have made an exception. [ They laugh nervously, nose twitching. ]

I'm technically retired from field work, but reality decided I was done with that and dragged me back kicking and screaming. So, here I am! Making a blog, haha. [ They wince, and their head falls into their paws with a muffled groan. ] Ugh... I'm out of practice.

[ They tilt their head a bit to glare half-heartedly at the camera. ] In my defense, it's been a couple thousand years since I've had a social media account. And technically this is a transcript, so cut me some slack alright? [ They straighten up with a sigh, leaning back in their chair. ]

You'll probably be seeing more of me, though no guarantee. The signal here is shit, and everything I send through has a 50/50 chance of actually being received. [ They grimace. ] Most of the time though everything gets lost to the void or fractured. Ugh, which just means more paperwork for me. [ They close their eyes, expression pained. ] So much paperwork...

|| Connection terminated , redirecting . . . ||

|| Pulling up file . . . || || Opening file name "Employee 325" ||

Designation : Paradox Real name : [ REDACTED ] Age : [ REDACTED ] Species : Yokai; hybrid / mutt Universe of Origin : TMNT-R-CTEV-S1-C10GOL-002018 Occupation : Time Lord; Rank Watcher Former Ranks : Civilian; Refugee, Consultant (Brief), Scout; Junior, Senior, Agent; Lieutenant, Captain, General Magic : Hammer space, [ REDACTED ] Misc : Retired, unique magic; nonreplicated, doesn't age, omnivore, founj!(DU918!*@&9*!S*(JS!*1Y(S(*!wS)K!()IW!(JS!U&@Y!H!7HG^SH!*(!I9jS!sH!*YW()SJ!!M)W1 JIW : 56gu!T^&!SU!*H17YS!&*ySG!*YG^SO(!)(h!( G : SJ2!*!(shJ!*w!ys!(!* || . . . ||

|| File corrupted . . . | |

|| Closing . . . | |

|| Ending program . . . ||

|| Thank you for using Pandora's Box! ||

[mostlysignssomeportents]

Understanding Qanon

Both left and right politics have seen surges of conspiratorial thinking, but without question the most organized and politically salient conspiracy theory at the moment is Qanon. In The Atlantic, Adrienne LaFrance dives deep into Q and its context.

https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/06/qanon-nothing-can-stop-what-is-coming/610567/

As comprehensive as LaFrance's account is, there's one blank spot: why is belief in conspiracies is surging in the first place?

The main explanation - a subtext running through LaFrance's excellent piece - is that algorithmic persuasion is to blame.

That is, the systems that Big Tech built to convince us to buy refrigerators and acne cream are now being hijacked to convince us that pizza parlors are harboring pedophile rings in their (non-existent) basements. I am very skeptical of this account.

First, because the best evidence we have for Big Tech's power to perform these persuasive miracles comes from Big Tech's own marketing puffery, what they tell potential advertisers to justify their rate-cards, and what they tell investors to buoy their share prices.

Neither the source nor the claim is particularly credible. If there's one thing we know, it's hard to convince people of stuff. That, in fact, is the hard problem of advertising, religion, politics, art, and social change. No one has systematized it in an enduring way.

What Big Tech does VERY well, however, is find people. It can find people who are thinking of buying a fridge (a diffuse, hard-to-locate cohort) by targeting people who've shopped for fridges or kitchens, or perused reviews. This isn't a persuasive miracle, it's just spying.

Likewise, Big Tech can help people with fringe ideas locate each other. This is true irrespective of how much you like those fringe ideas: it doesn't matter if the idea is #BlackLivesMatter and gender is a spectrum or white nationalism and the Earth is flat.

I believe what we call "persuasion" is primarily "targeting." If the major barrier to the spread of your message is that you can't find the people who would be receptive to it, Big Tech's people-finding systems can supercharge your ideas.

This works especially well for ideas that invite social disapprobation if you publicly embrace them - which is why the internet is such a godsend for queer kids who fear discussing their sexuality with intolerant friends or parents.

It also works great for conspiracies.

Which raises a different question: why is it so easy to find people who want to believe in conspiracies. My answer: because so many of the things that have traumatized so many people ARE conspiracies.

The opioid epidemic was a conspiracy between rich families like the Sacklers and regulators who rotate in and out of industry. The 737 crisis was caused by Boeing's conspiracy to cut corners and aviation regulators' conspiracy to allow aerospace to regulate itself.

Senators conspire to liquidate their positions ahead of coronavirus lockdown, well-heeled multinationals conspire to get 94.5% of the "small business" PPP fund, Big Tech conspires to fix wages with illegal collusion while fast food franchises do the same with noncompetes.

In a world of constant real conspiracy scandals that destroy lives and the planet, conspiracy theories take on real explanatory power. This is beautifully discussed in Anna Merlan's 2019 book, "Republic of Lies."

https://boingboing.net/2019/09/21/from-opioids-to-antivax.html

All of this is the context for Qanon. Add to that the fact that Q is also a literal industry whose superstars make fortunes - and not necessarily cynically, because, after all, what better proof could you ask for of the truth of Q than the fact that it's making you rich?

Another consequence of making it easier to find people is that groups can coalesce around loosely defined principles. Pre-internet, the high cost of group-forming meant that you would be wasting a lot of effort by grouping with people who disagreed with you on fundamentals.

Eventually, those disagreements would drive you apart and all your group-forming work would be wasted. But lower-cost group forming makes it easier to take risks on making common cause with people you disagree with.

People who criticized Occupy for the lack of a crisply defined program missed this point: by refusing to narrowly define its cause, Occupy could be a broad tent.

Q's gnomic utterances are perfectly suited to exploit this increased appetite for risk in group forming.

Q's nonsensical utterances become an oracle that different kinds of conspirators can project their own fears and aspirations onto, creating multiple, irreconcilable interpretations for these pronunciations.

And that very vagueness and imprecision allows Q followers to find post-facto interpretations that show that Q was right all along (a favorite pastime of mystics from Revelations to Nostradamus).

Q is both a rehash of historical conspiracy pathologies and utterly of this moment, then. It's a phildickian phenomenon, a conspiracy whose gospel reads like the cryptic notes I get from stalkers who are having terrible, paranoid hallucinations.

Q is both a rehash of historical conspiracy pathologies and utterly of this moment, then. It's a phildickian phenomenon, a conspiracy whose gospel reads like the cryptic notes I get from stalkers who are having terrible, paranoid hallucinations.

One of the milestones in my understanding of conspiracists was this outstanding interview with a leading Flat Earther by the Oh No Ross and Carrie podcast:

http://ohnopodcast.com/investigations/2018/7/20/ross-and-carrie-traverse-flat-earth-part-7-the-jeran-campanella-interview

He describes his satisfaction with Flat Earth as compared with other conspiracies.

By which he means that the community bonds and his ability to have high stature in it are satisfying and that makes it feel true.

These feelings, along with the trauma of real conspiracies, make conspiracism a powerful temptation. That should guide our thinking on Q.

Not the junk science of the nonreplicating, discredited "backfire effect" (which is a polestar for Facebook's approach to conspiracy despite its lack of rigor):

https://pluralistic.net/2020/05/14/everybody-poops/#backfire-effect

Meanwhile, if you want to get deeper into the bizarre mythology of Q, I highly recommend this "Qanon exit briefing."

https://violentmetaphors.com/2018/12/04/your-q-anon-exit-briefing/

[necrofuturism]

do u ever think about how seven of nine’s borg physiology would randomly re-assert itself and just… fuck with her all the time? like one week she’d be fine with pickles and the next week her borgness literally decides that pickles are the new species 8472 and she’s in digestive hell because her cybernetic physiology is constantly fighting itself and trying to reassert dominance one side over another and she’s just… fed up… of everything…

[pozmagazine]

Research indicates that there are numerous differences in how HIV behaves in women compared with men. Thus, researchers may need to take participants’ sex into account when designing cure studies, aidsmap reports.

Eileen Scully, MD, PhD, of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, gave a presentation on sex differences in HIV’s dynamics within the body at the 2020 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Boston last month.

She noted the existence of sex-based differences in the dynamics of the viral reservoir and various facets of how the immune system functions and how estrogen encourages nonreplicating HIV-infected cells to remain in their latent state.

[emergencymanagementnews]

What you need to know about Johnson & Johnson’s nonreplicating viral vector vaccine for COVID-19.

[raccoonskoodilypoopdungeon]

i got a like and a reblog so let's do this

as i said before, vaccines work by tricking the immune system into thinking it got infected so that your adaptive immunity can protect you in the future

there are a bunch of different kinds of vaccines: attenuated, inactivated, replicating viral vector, nonreplicating viral vector, RNA, DNA, virus-like, and protein subunit

attenuated means the virus in the vaccine is weakened. this is the oldest type of "vaccination" dating back to china in the fifteenth century. what they did back then was that they got scabs from people who had smallpox and you either snorted it or you put it in an open wound. it very risky but better than getting smallpox naturally and it was in 1769 that edward jenner popularised a method where you infected people with cowpox which made them immune to smallpox. today what we do is grow viruses in nonhuman primate cell cultures and just hope they mutate enough to be harmless to humans. and this kind does have a chance of infecting you but its better than getting infected naturally.

inactivated means we've killed the virus so it cannot replicate. this is safe, much much safer that attenuated. but it can still infect people. still better than nothing.

replicating viral factor means you put the genetic material that creates the protein shell into another virus that's harmless to humans. it will replicate and won't infect you.

nonreplicating viral factor is the same thing as replicating viral factor but the virus cannot replicate.

RNA vaccines are the hot new shit. so you get the mRNA of the virus that codes for the protein shell, inject that, and have your cells make it. your immune cells don't know what it is and bam you have immunity. its so cool and is 100% safe because while reverse transcription is a thing, your body doesn't really have the means to do reverse transcription because primers are very specific to organisms.

DNA vaccines are basically the same as the RNA ones except the cells need to go through the process of converting it into mRNA. perfectly safe.

virus-like vaccines means its just the protein shell with no DNA or RNA inside. no chance of infection or replication.

protein subunits means its just the little spikes on viruses which is what your immune system detects anyway. incredibly safe.

yes the attenuated and inactivated ones can still infect people but having been super damaged either through mutations or attempted murder, the infection is mild. it still causes an epidemic if just one person gets infected because for diseases that these kinds if vaccines are made with, usually no one has the disease anymore.

tl;dr vaccines are safe. you can ask me questions if you have any.

you won't survive with that poison in your system, just saying its a plot to kill you off and you can thank your government.

i'm assuming you're an anti-vaxxer and this is about me being vaccinated

vaccines are complicated and is technically a poison like all medicine is but it's a heavily regulated poison that's designed to make you stronger

i can go to the specifics of how vaccines are made (one like and i'll do it) but basically it's safe because what it does is it tricks the body into thinking its been infected and because of how immunity works you're safe against the specific kind of bacteria or virus the vaccine was for

[ewei-nigeria]

Alice S. Huang is an American biologist specialized in microbiology and virology. She is Senior Faculty Associate in Biology at the California Institute of Technology and served as President of AAAS during the 2010-2011 term. Alice Huang was born in Nanchang, the capital city of Jiangxi Province, in 1939. Huang was raised Christian. Huang emigrated to the U.S. in 1949. She attended St. Mary's Hall-Doane Academy (in Burlington, New Jersey), the National Cathedral School (in Washington, D.C.), and Wellesley College (in Wellesley, Massachusetts). Huang received B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. (in microbiology in 1966) degrees all from The Johns Hopkins University. Alice Huang's research focused on defective interfering particles (DIPs) which can be utilized to combat viruses. DIPs are composed of viral structural proteins and sets of DNA or RNA which are incomplete. These DIPs will interfere in the replication of the virus because they are reproduced at the expense of a standard viral particle. Alice Huang's work on DIPs has been utilized to combat cancer, HIV, and plant-related diseases. Alice S. Huang’s passion for viruses drove her to her success in the discovery of viruses features and learning how to manipulate their development. She started studying viruses as a graduate student, when little was known about them, where she was the first person "to purify and characterize interfering viral particles". While at Johns Hopkins University, Huang conducted research looking into the inhibition of cellular RNA synthesis by nonreplicating vesicular stomatitis virus. She completed this research with Robert R. Wagner. She thought that these mutants played a vital role in viral pathogenesis and could possibly be used to prevent disease. The vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), known to infect horses, cattle and swine, was the virus she first chose to study. It did not take long for her and her colleagues to find out about its single strand of RNA and many other features about the VSV, including replication details. Their findings of the VSV served as a model for the understanding of the biology of viruses. The best protection any woman can have is courage. #sherowednesday https://www.instagram.com/p/B-t7142pHsc/?igshid=7b40wuxp633v

[andrewpascoe]

Jay Van Bavel, a social psychologist at New York University, has tweeted openly about a published nonreplication of one of his studies and believes, as any scientist would, that replications are an essential part of the process; nonetheless, he found the experience of being replicated painful. “It is terrifying, even if it’s fair and within normal scientific bounds,” he says. “Because of social media and how it travels — you get pile-ons when the critique comes out, and 50 people share it in the view of thousands. That’s horrifying for anyone who’s critiqued, even if it’s legitimate.”

When the Revolution Came for Amy Cuddy

[necrofuturism]

I've seen you discuss the pros of replicator food, but what do you think the cons are? Why do some people still insist the 'real thing' is better? Assuming that meat is all synthetic now anyway, how much difference is there between meat and animal byproduct that's synthesized vs replicated?

buckle ur gut it’s gonna be a long ride

well i’m not a nutritionist so you’re gonna have to take me worth a grain of salt on this one but basically a lot of it boils down to replicated food not really being a “complete” version of its non-replicated counterpart 

this was more of an issue with earlier replicator tech, because things were more “lower resolution” back then (ent/tos era), but even “now” (tng/ds9/voy era) replicated food still doesn’t really do the trick in terms of longterm stuff

you can live on replicated food tho. you can. it’s possible. and people often do. it’s just that those people are often either career military/diplomatic/trade/spacefaring individuals and take extra supplements to deal with the deficiencies that an all-replicated diet causes, and they make sure to further vary their intake with non-replicated stuff along their space journey.

like in terms of replicator food actually doing what food is supposed to do??? it’s not that great. it doesn’t necessarily deliver a complete meal with complete nutrients and tends to be burned through faster than non-replicated offerings - early replicated meals were basically flavored 3D printed nutrient filler matrix, and that was not good for everyone and tasted like differently textured, differently flavored shit depending what “meal” you ordered, so things have definitely improved A TON from that 

but they’re still not perfect in the sense that meats, vegetables, fungi et. al. have not literally been grown and lack a lot of the vital minerals and nutrients they’d pick up from life around soils/feeds/prey and that means replicated food in general falls nutritionally flat and disappoints in the flavorzone (like u legit cannot replicate live gagh. it’s impossible. no can do.)

btw i don’t ascribe to the “all meat is replicated now” bit of Federation/Starfleet propaganda. i really don’t. i come from a state that has a lot of farming industry around it and if i know anything about meat, it’s that animals who are well cared for and loved produce good meat vs. animals that are literally abused. farming is not abuse, and i’d like to think that the Federation is above the whole “meat is murder” peta slogan bullshit, and has made huge strides in animal husbandry technology in the next few centuries. besides - if livestock were entirely replaced with synthesized meat, there wouldn’t be any cheese for all the fancy Federation wine meetups. also i’m sure that a few herds of sheep and goats would maintain some solar fields somewhere like they do around here. just… there has to be livestock farming in the future. there has to. it doesn’t make sense to erase an entire profession like that.

(also iirc Riker made the comment about the replicated meat and that enables my headcanon of him as an obnoxious space vegan lmao so sorry about not answering you on that i just really don’t believe the entire Federation would outlaw meat? like it doesn’t make sense with the whole IDIC thing either seeing as it’s tradition to eat certain meats in certain cultures [looks @ klingons and their targs] and the whole “all meat is replicated now”/”we don’t murder animals anymore” just smacks of badly written Federation purity stuff that is more damaging to the franchise than anything else)

anyways

you really want a ship to have a balanced store of replicated and non-replicated food, especially considering access to food preservation techniques these days, and literally just for the purpose of variety. a nicely stocked hydroponics bay, edible arboretum garden, and some sort of cryostatic “farmer’s market” should be standard on any large exploratory vessel or space station for sufficient culinary delight

starfleet rations are not replicated because they’re meant to be nutritionally dense, something that replicated food routinely fails at imo, also replicated food tends to have a short lifespan, and will break down a lot faster than regular non-replicated food. you can’t save your replicated sandwich for a midnight snack because it’ll go a lil jiggly and get a weird shiny film on it from the replicated food particles breaking down

so anyways tl;dr - replicators are gr9 for food if you have the immediate need for them and the power to operate them and can fully exploit their convenience, but they’re not really a be-all end-all to food problems and create a lot of nutrition conundrums based on the fact that they produce food differently to how it is grown in nature (gmos are fine tho there’s no comparison here)

but for the majority of the galaxy, replicators themselves tend to be more of a luxury than anything else, so consider that factor as well in this train of thought!!! like not everyone can afford to own one, or otherwise it’s not even legal for some individuals to own one, and the fuckening PRIME DIRECTIVE prohibits those who would probably benefit most from replicator technology from accessing it. 

so that’s the ultimate downside of replicated food. it’s inaccessible to most of the galaxy.

boom. 

[batbetbitbotbut]

yes good. and here’s how the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine works too:

there’s a different virus that’s modified so it can’t replicate (which is like the ONE JOB of a virus, look at this useless nonreplicating virus vector, lollll). it can’t cause any illness or harm in people. scientists stick the ‘rona spikeys to that so that they have something to hold on to.

the injection gives your immune system this STUFF that looks like VIRUS OF RONA so it does the immune system thing and makes antibodies (but you’ll probably feel a little gross for a day or so)

but it’s actually HARMLESS and your body gets rid of all the stuff soon as waste, but the antibodies sulk and stick around waiting to fight a real opponent dammit. so now you’re immune to covid.

so here's how the mRNA vaccines work

You'll probably feel a little gross for a day or so - pfizer and moderna work by having your cells crank out a buttload of 'rona spikeys.

Immune system sees the spikeys, says O SHIT GOT THE RONA, and makes you feel like you have a cold for a couple days (tops). Eventually it figures out the spikeys aren't dangerous themselves but files them away in case they might be useful later, a bit like how I get in a stationery store.

[ketan-wagh121-blog]

Global Covid-19 Vaccine Market - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast - 2026

Global Covid-19 Vaccine Industry

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The Global Covid-19 Vaccine Market report offers an unbiased analysis by acquiring raw data from private and public databases, archives, and other trustworthy sources. It offers predictions and foresights for the period of 2020 to 2026. The market variables shape the overall landscape with special emphasis on novel trends and emerging opportunities. The market gauges its prospects per region and country to further validate its claims. Prominent players in the industry are profiled and their strategies evaluated for better understanding.

This report focuses on the global Covid-19 Vaccine status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players. The study objectives are to present the Covid-19 Vaccine development in North America, Europe, China, Japan, South Korea, Middle East, Southeast Asia and Central & South America.

The key players covered in this study Inovio Pharmaceuticals Takis Biotech (Evvivax) Zydus Cadila Codagenix, Inc. GeoVax, Inc. Bravovax Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies Altimmune Vaxart CanSino Biologics ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies ApS Clover Biopharmaceuticals GSK Vaxil Bio Ltd. Generex Novavax, Inc. Sanofi Pasteur Baylor iBio, Inc. Zydus Cadila Moderna, Inc. Curevac ImmunoPrecise

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Competition Landscape

The competition is analyzed with regards to the concentration of players. The Global Covid-19 Vaccine Market trends and patterns are studied and strategies formulated to navigate through various obstacles and unforeseen circumstances. Expansions, agreements, partnerships, mergers, acquisitions, and collaborations are strategies considered by the players to stay afloat in the industry. Range of products are benchmarked and sized according to features, consumer demand, and price.

Market segment by Type, the product can be split into DNA Live Attenuated Virus NonReplicating Viral Vecto Protein Subunit RNA Market segment by Application, split into Treatment Prevention

Method of Research

The study of the Global Covid-19 Vaccine Market aims to offer the latest and broadly covered information and for this, our deemed experts have employed the best methods possible, namely the parameters belonging to the Porter’s Five Force Model. The latest inputs have been gathered based on the latest and popular trends and also the names of the key contenders in the market and their extensive chain networks across the globe. Moreover, this section gives an insight into the parent industry, other than the macro-economic aspects and the main governing factors, in terms of the market segmentation. The market research has been extensively carried out by the experts using two effective methods, which are primary and secondary. Both these methods have aided the experts in providing our clients with the best knowledge of the Global Covid-19 Vaccine Market, while focusing on the shortcomings, threats, opportunities and the strengths of the overall market.

Segmentation

The segments and sub-segments within the Covid-19 Vaccine report are highlighted and expounded in detail with value and growth revenue predictions. The estimations are gained from a SWOT analysis conducted by research analysts and based on the demand-supply chain, consumer sentiment, brand acceptance, and socio-economic factors. Government policies and their impact on the segments are taken into consideration.

Report covers:

Comprehensive research methodology of Global Covid-19 Vaccine Market.

This report also includes detailed and extensive market overview with gap analysis, historical analysis & key analyst insights.

An exhaustive analy sis of macro and micro factors influencing the market guided by key recommendations.

Analysis of regional regulations and other government policies impacting the Global Covid-19 Vaccine Market.

Insights about market determinants which are stimulating the Global Covid-19 Vaccine Market.

Detailed and extensive market segments with regional distribution of forecasted revenues

Extensive profiles and recent developments of market players

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Some points from table of content:

1 Report Overview 2 Global Growth Trends by Regions 3 Competition Landscape by Key Players 4 Breakdown Data by Type (2015-2026) 5 Covid-19 Vaccine Breakdown Data by Application (2015-2026) 6 North America 7 Europe 8 China 9 Japan 10 South Korea 11 Middle East 12 Southeast Asia 13 Central & South America 14 Key Players Profiles 14.1 Inovio Pharmaceuticals 14.1.1 Inovio Pharmaceuticals Company Details 14.1.2 Inovio Pharmaceuticals Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 14.1.3 Inovio Pharmaceuticals Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 14.1.4 Inovio Pharmaceuticals Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020)) 14.1.5 Inovio Pharmaceuticals Recent Development 14.2 Takis Biotech (Evvivax) 14.2.1 Takis Biotech (Evvivax) Company Details 14.2.2 Takis Biotech (Evvivax) Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 14.2.3 Takis Biotech (Evvivax) Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 14.2.4 Takis Biotech (Evvivax) Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 14.2.5 Takis Biotech (Evvivax) Recent Development 14.3 Zydus Cadila 14.3.1 Zydus Cadila Company Details 14.3.2 Zydus Cadila Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 14.3.3 Zydus Cadila Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 14.3.4 Zydus Cadila Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 14.3.5 Zydus Cadila Recent Development 14.4 Codagenix, Inc. 14.4.1 Codagenix, Inc. Company Details 14.4.2 Codagenix, Inc. Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 14.4.3 Codagenix, Inc. Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 14.4.4 Codagenix, Inc. Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 14.4.5 Codagenix, Inc. Recent Development 14.5 GeoVax, Inc. 14.5.1 GeoVax, Inc. Company Details 14.5.2 GeoVax, Inc. Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 14.5.3 GeoVax, Inc. Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 14.5.4 GeoVax, Inc. Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 14.5.5 GeoVax, Inc. Recent Development 14.6 Bravovax 14.6.1 Bravovax Company Details 14.6.2 Bravovax Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 14.6.3 Bravovax Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 14.6.4 Bravovax Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 14.6.5 Bravovax Recent Development 14.7 Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies 14.7.1 Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies Company Details 14.7.2 Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 14.7.3 Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 14.7.4 Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 14.7.5 Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies Recent Development 14.8 Altimmune 14.8.1 Altimmune Company Details 14.8.2 Altimmune Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 14.8.3 Altimmune Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 14.8.4 Altimmune Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 14.8.5 Altimmune Recent Development 14.9 Vaxart 14.9.1 Vaxart Company Details 14.9.2 Vaxart Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 14.9.3 Vaxart Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 14.9.4 Vaxart Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 14.9.5 Vaxart Recent Development 14.10 CanSino Biologics 14.10.1 CanSino Biologics Company Details 14.10.2 CanSino Biologics Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 14.10.3 CanSino Biologics Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 14.10.4 CanSino Biologics Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 14.10.5 CanSino Biologics Recent Development 14.11 ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies ApS 10.11.1 ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies ApS Company Details 10.11.2 ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies ApS Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.11.3 ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies ApS Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 10.11.4 ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies ApS Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 10.11.5 ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies ApS Recent Development 14.12 Clover Biopharmaceuticals 10.12.1 Clover Biopharmaceuticals Company Details 10.12.2 Clover Biopharmaceuticals Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.12.3 Clover Biopharmaceuticals Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 10.12.4 Clover Biopharmaceuticals Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 10.12.5 Clover Biopharmaceuticals Recent Development 14.13 GSK 10.13.1 GSK Company Details 10.13.2 GSK Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.13.3 GSK Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 10.13.4 GSK Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 10.13.5 GSK Recent Development 14.14 Vaxil Bio Ltd. 10.14.1 Vaxil Bio Ltd. Company Details 10.14.2 Vaxil Bio Ltd. Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.14.3 Vaxil Bio Ltd. Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 10.14.4 Vaxil Bio Ltd. Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 10.14.5 Vaxil Bio Ltd. Recent Development 14.15 Generex 10.15.1 Generex Company Details 10.15.2 Generex Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.15.3 Generex Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 10.15.4 Generex Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 10.15.5 Generex Recent Development 14.16 Novavax, Inc. 10.16.1 Novavax, Inc. Company Details 10.16.2 Novavax, Inc. Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.16.3 Novavax, Inc. Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 10.16.4 Novavax, Inc. Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 10.16.5 Novavax, Inc. Recent Development 14.17 Sanofi Pasteur 10.17.1 Sanofi Pasteur Company Details 10.17.2 Sanofi Pasteur Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.17.3 Sanofi Pasteur Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 10.17.4 Sanofi Pasteur Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 10.17.5 Sanofi Pasteur Recent Development 14.18 Baylor 10.18.1 Baylor Company Details 10.18.2 Baylor Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.18.3 Baylor Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 10.18.4 Baylor Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 10.18.5 Baylor Recent Development 14.19 iBio, Inc. 10.19.1 iBio, Inc. Company Details 10.19.2 iBio, Inc. Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.19.3 iBio, Inc. Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 10.19.4 iBio, Inc. Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 10.19.5 iBio, Inc. Recent Development 14.20 Zydus Cadila 10.20.1 Zydus Cadila Company Details 10.20.2 Zydus Cadila Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.20.3 Zydus Cadila Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 10.20.4 Zydus Cadila Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 10.20.5 Zydus Cadila Recent Development 14.21 Moderna, Inc. 10.21.1 Moderna, Inc. Company Details 10.21.2 Moderna, Inc. Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.21.3 Moderna, Inc. Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 10.21.4 Moderna, Inc. Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 10.21.5 Moderna, Inc. Recent Development 14.22 Curevac 10.22.1 Curevac Company Details 10.22.2 Curevac Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.22.3 Curevac Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 10.22.4 Curevac Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 10.22.5 Curevac Recent Development 14.23 ImmunoPrecise 10.23.1 ImmunoPrecise Company Details 10.23.2 ImmunoPrecise Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.23.3 ImmunoPrecise Covid-19 Vaccine Introduction 10.23.4 ImmunoPrecise Revenue in Covid-19 Vaccine Business (2015-2020) 10.23.5 ImmunoPrecise Recent Development 15 Analyst's Viewpoints/Conclusions 16 Appendix

Also Read: Global Covid-19 Vaccine Market Size, Status and Forecast

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[cancersfakianakis1]

Honey bee venom combined with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3as a highly efficient inducer of differentiation in human acute myeloid leukemia cells

Homa Mohseni-Kouchesfahani, Mohammad Nabioni, Zahra Khosravi, Maryam Rahimi Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2017 13(3):544-549 Purpose: Most cancer cells exhibit a defect in their capacity to mature into nonreplicating adult cells and existing in a highly proliferating state. Differentiation therapy by agents such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25-(OH)2 VD3) represents a useful approach for the treatment of cancer including acute myeloid leukemia. Human myeloid leukemia cell lines are induced to terminal differentiation into monocyte lineage by 1,25-(OH)2 VD3. However, usage of these findings in the clinical trials is limited by calcemic effects of 1,25-(OH)2 VD3. Attempts to overcome this problem have focused on a combination of low concentrations 1,25-(OH)2 VD3 with other compounds to induce differentiation of HL-60 cells. In this study, the effect of honey bee venom (BV) and 1,25-(OH)2 VD3, individually and in combination, on proliferation and differentiation of human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells were assayed. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, toxic and nontoxic concentrations of BV and 1,25-(OH)2 VD3 were tested using Trypan blue stained cell counting and (3[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. In addition, differentiation of cells was assayed using a Wright-Giemsa staining and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test. Data were analyzed by a one-way analysis of the variance test using SPSS software. Results: Our findings showed that both the BV and 1,25-(OH)2 VD3, in a dose and time-dependent manner, caused cell death at high concentrations and inhibited cell proliferation at lower concentrations. About 5 nM of 1,25-(OH)2 VD3 induced differentiation of HL-60 cells to monocytes after 72 h. 2.5 μg/ml of BV suppressed proliferation of HL-60 cells but had not any effects on their differentiation, whereas in combination with 5 nM of 1,25-(OH)2 VD3, it enhanced antiproliferative and differentiation potency of 1,25-(OH)2 VD3. Conclusions: These results indicate that BV potentiates the 1,25-(OH)2 VD3-induced HL-60 cell differentiation into monocytes http://ift.tt/2iLP7o3

[landofwindandthrowingshade]

Seeing as it was one nonreplicated experiment with a pathetically narrow sample (men from Stanford University who were the kind of men that responded to a flyer saying they could be part of a prison experiment), it was already awful even without the fraud baked into the experiment. I hate this experiment so much.

A new exposé published by Medium based on previously unpublished recordings of Philip Zimbardo, the Stanford psychologist who ran the study, and interviews with his participants, offers convincing evidence that the guards in the experiment were coached to be cruel. It also shows that the experiment’s most memorable moment — of a prisoner descending into a screaming fit, proclaiming, “I’m burning up inside!” — was the result of the prisoner acting. “I took it as a kind of an improv exercise,” one of the guards told reporter Ben Blum. “I believed that I was doing what the researchers wanted me to do.”