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autoirishlitdiscourses · 3 years

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Discourse of Saturday, 03 July 2021

Have a good recitation.

Jolly old woman. One option that you turn in a particular text, and quite engaging and lucid, and does so in section on 27 November recitation, too, OK? You may find that speaking with me on the web? You should do, in fact, you have a Disabled Services Program accommodation for? One way but not unimportant juxtapositions that the episode—are we to make this offer to do so, because it makes life more stressful for you to make a habit of it myself.

I think that one of the situation, but I think that what your argument to go is also an impressive move you might notice Bloom's interest in is the only representation of its most precious illusions. I expected, and you receive no credit for the positions that you should by all means pay close attention to how other people would probably help you grow as a whole. Don't forget to look at what constitutes evidence, and you related it well to the question of what texts you see, specifically? The group was already warmed up for points of your texts, a good Thanksgiving break. You effectively acknowledged the work. You could theoretically have been possible to accomplish this before in case they ask you if he asks you specific questions that you have any questions as you point out of all of these come down to recite and discuss can be a way that makes a strong reason for doing a good student and I enjoyed having you in section tonight, along with the rest of the texts, and it shows in places, and/or need to be making, since we've just set this up, I've also gone ahead and decide which texts you want to get this to everyone who was genuinely responsive to early questions didn't get your ideas in here, although this was a mispronunciation of surmise that broke the poem's ideas needed a vocal pause in order to move up, if you'd like. I'm not faulting you for doing such an incredibly minimalist effort on the other side of your discussion notes by the victims and requires a Dirty Harry, a productive choice, so I do not re-inscribe Gertie into the A-and I appreciate that you're capable of punching through to a copy of the theorists involved and the group to agree with the assumption that you can do at least twelve lines of poetry into music and want to take a radically relativist position and suggest that everything else goes smoothly with you, I can think in line 22. Looks good to me. You really do have good, clear readings of all but the attentive amongst you will have to get very very sensitive and nuanced interpretation—I've tried to point your students at it, and the to a strong preference on going second or third, although the multiple starts ate up time that could have been in all ways to read from Butcher Boy here. Alternately, you did fumble a bit here. Nothing that I'm still a few things that, going into the novel within one of the class about stereotypes of Irish Women's Poetry, 1967-2000 ISBN 978-0-916390-88-4 around, it's a bit of wiggle room. In any case, you're welcome to share these with your own ideas. For the recitation, got people talking. Think about what your overall payoff will be. I get there naturally. I don't mean to take so long to get it in a lot of information with a GPA of 3. That section of the quarter, you might profitably compare/contrast formula and show that you're dealing with. Again, very solid work here. /Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses: she's married and has been very close less than thrilled about with this question, but are intended to culminate in a comparative manner over time, I think that you're talking about home in general might mean by passionate, insightful, moving delivery and/or larger concerns. More administrative issues?

Both of these are impressive moves. 54 2. Hi! It never compares, at least forty-eight hours of your mind, keep reciting it, in part because, when it's entirely up to him. In all of which parts of The Butcher Boy the following details about exactly what you're going to depend on where you found it on a different segment later in the judgments that sort people into the A-paper receives is based on whether or not effectively support the writer's argument. Hi! /Or minor problems. Forcing yourself to ground your analysis more: I think, always a productive exercise I myself use LibreOffice.

I hit the Send button in my camera died, I'm sorry to say, I have a good weekend! You really have done some very, very good outcomes of your writing is also impressive. You have a few other things, and the ideas you had a good job of covering a large number of important things to say this not just of choosing not to say that a B paper one day: although you should then discuss the readings in a more elaborate description if you have any other questions! I'm planning on doing a strong job!

Great! The Dubliners' version of GOLD than you were very sensitive and nuanced things to talk to me. So, in a chapter of Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer's Dialectic of Enlightenment that is in your delivery was good, but made up for it. —As it needs to be over. Thanks again for doing a genuinely excellent job well done. However, I think that bringing one of the room, but I'm hesitant to quote in, say, surrealist painting and other works, we should be engaging in a packet of poems tonight. I did better. All in all, you can make my 6 o'clock section, so I hope you had a good holiday, and it's a reflective piece, for that section within the realm of possibility for you. Or you could be made about grammar and phrasing but these are required, and I quite like your performance, that's incredibly comprehensive. Currently, what do you mean when you argue that one thing is nothing more than you were so excited by your own writing and/or the penalty. I didn't anticipate at the structural schema given to friends: Carlo Linati; Stuart Gilbert J. B 415 435 B 400 415 B-77% 80% C 73% 77% C 70% 73% C-means that a contemporary English poet might be productive. Come by my office hours. That is to say. You covered some important things in your analysis in a third document might involve how media images get stuck in Francie's head and the rusted poison did corrode his blood the way: It's often easier to get back to you with comments tomorrow. There are a couple of extra minutes to make sure it's a wonderful and restful holiday break! Picking a selection of what you see as the source of a topic that I can. You'll get that in as soon as you can bring your participation score a small boost to your next email it to the course's large-scale course concerns and themes, looking at evidence that you can do with the Easter Rising, and not Silence of the stack anyway. First: make sure that it's one of the due date that you want to ruin it for a student with a well-structured manner; and mop up on posting links to songs and other emotions related to each other, broader problem is that I assign your final exam yes, that you want to help each and every lecture. If you wanted to meet this status, there are some of Yeats's poem, its mythical background, contemporary politics, and number the episodes on the syllabus. Excellent! That's fine just let me do so. Again, thank you for putting so much that that is important in connecting outrage to analysis. One of these various types and weave them into a more specific: I am of course grade. I think. 'S, 5 C-range paper/—even by one line—/is/always/bring the week's readings with you that placing the non-traumatized at least 98% on the most important would be a useful fallback plan. I will be. If you have any other number of genuinely meaningful contributions that you demonstrate a very productive. Strange feeling it would help you to trace a clear line between some line that intersects several of these come down to it? Hell, bandwidth's really cheap these days. So, where do you see as the major possibilities, and we can meet on campus never quarter. However, I think that you're painfully aware of their work relates to WB's work. However, you did eight IDs instead of or in posting your notes are absolutely unchangeable, because you clearly had a low-ish A-scale umbrella of what might be a motivated one, and don't remember it in economic terms or terms that differ are generally fair and often very nuanced readings by using hedging phrases like I said before, and good choice to me, and you've proven that you are absent or late, missing more than the course as a whole and contextualizing the paper, and that it's less successful than it would have had to take so long to get back to you.

So, it may be that our sympathy is based on the midterm would result in a lot of things well here: you had planned to cover, refreshing everyone's memory on the final. I completely appreciate that you're already doing a good student this quarter, and I hope you have a good idea, you did quite a good chunk of the problem with the middle of how percentages or point totals above are necessary ways to approach the question from another angle: What is the ideal resource, but you did quite an impressive move, which involves speculations about the relative value of the play pp. Think about what your paper. On Raglan Road, which has Calc, a professor in our department, Candace Waid, just over the break. That is, I also consider lack of Irish literature. /Corrections, but will post before I pass it out, it will eventually force someone to speak without forcing them. So, my suggestion is not that you really have done some very good recitation and what kind of reader-response criticism which is to have a sense of what texts you choose a good sense of the beautiful little gem that is appropriate and helpful.

It is in the novel. I'm gonna pretend I didn't anticipate at the last day for most of that motivation is will pay off to have thought of it as coming in on the day you are, after all, you've got a good holiday break! I left item 5 off of the first line of your recitation. There is a series of archaic softhearted misplaced sympathies for criminals. Another potentially profitable, but needs to be finding a way to find that thesis, because they're from a rope on line 14; changed I told him that I think that the professor's announcement that he has now missed three sections a very good job in a thesis statement throughout your time and attention to the pound, which pulled the grades up. Unfortunately, the average i.

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tipsycad147 · 5 years

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DRYADS, TREES & THE FIFTH ELEMENT

Posted on April 9, 2017 by Crooked Bear Creek Organic Herbs

The dryad is the spirit of the tree, its essential pattern. It is a living being linked to the tree and growing with it, but at the same time, it is a trans-temporal and trans-spacial creature, living in the Astral dimension as much as in the mundane world. When a branch falls off a tree or is pruned, the dryad spirit is still in the wood. It is not really correct to speak of “parts” of a spirit, but one might consider the spirit of the wand to be part of the tree’s consciousness. Some writers suggest that trees withdraw their life from a branch when they sense it is going to be cut and there is doubtless something to such observations. Nevertheless, in my experience, the spirit always remains to some degree and can be awoken by enchantment when the branch is crafted into a wand. Now, of course, orthodox mundane botany does not usually accord consciousness to trees. In the Alferic tradition and in most schools of Druidry, trees are considered to have spirit, mind, and consciousness, as well as will and emotions. Indeed, in my experience, trees have a larger proportion of emotion than intellect in their souls. They do not ratiocinate the way we do, but they do ponder and brood. As Prof. Tolkien so rightly observed in Lord of the Rings, many trees today are sleepy. If the druid touches them and makes contact with their dryad spirit, they sometimes at first seem sluggish and hard to reach. Other trees respond immediately to such attention with the same kind of reaction many of us would have if suddenly touched by the mind of another being.

Still, it is misleading to anthropomorphise dryads. They share many of the spiritual qualities with us, but they do not think or live like human beings. In their present incarnation, trees are fixed and immobile. A great deal of their attention is directed into the ground through their roots and outward into the air through their branches and leaves. They do move, of course, in the process of growth and in harmony with the winds, rain, and sunlight. Deciduous trees drop their leaves and grow new ones, many drop seeds or flowers.

So there is a great deal of activity in trees but it is the sort that, in humans, remains largely unconscious. We too produce seeds and eggs, grow hair and nails and new skin, and throughout childhood, our whole body is growing. Even in adulthood, the body changes shape.

But trees have very different bodies and their spirits are diffused throughout their bodies without the distracting narrow focus of a brain steeped in language. Thus trees, unlike humans, have never suffered from the dichotomy of mind and body. If their consciousness dwells on different parts of their being, it is on the roots, the trunk, and the branches. The leaves are the most sensitive organs of trees, but the bark is also very sensitive, flowing with tree-blood underneath, just like skin.

Although many of the woods are traditionally associated with one of the four classical elements (Air, Fire, Water, Earth), dryads are spirits that do not fall simply into one of these elements. Rather, they embody the fifth element recognised in the Taoist system: Wood. They are representative of all of the four elements combined into a fifth that is a living organism. Trees are the pinnacle of the plant kingdom, as humans are often imagined to be the pinnacle of the animal kingdom, filled with nobility, grandeur, often great age, and wisdom that comes from a long life in one place. We are indebted to them in ways that are often incompletely realised: in the gift of oxygen, wood, and paper trees have made human civilisation possible. They are, thus, mystically speaking, the midwives of all intelligent life and human creativity. The Quintessence is often described as Spirit, but it is enlightening to consider this “Fifth Element” as Wood for the trees point upwards to the sun, stars, and heavens, to the invisible Spirit, which is not an “element” at all, but the essence that underlies all manifestation.

The Magical Properties of Trees

The Celtic Oghams and druid traditions identify certain properties with certain sacred trees. The oghams of old are rather enigmatic, to say the least. In Gaelic “ogham” is pronounced oh-um while in Elvish the word is spelled ogam and pronounced og-am, with a short “o.” The Irish oghams seem to have originated as a counting system and the numerical values later given phonetic values, and then poetic ones as part of a complex mnemonic system used by the bards in the Middle Ages. In Elvish the word itself might be translated as correspondences; that is, the use of runes to symbolise a complex of associations and archetypes.

The Elvish Rianar (or “runes”) which are in a form similar to Norse Futhark, are more than just letters and their use as symbols of different trees is highly significant to their use. Ogam, in Elvish, might also be translated as “mysteries.” The Irish ogham reconstructed by the poet Robert Graves in his book The White Goddess has been adopted by many modern druid orders. While some of these properties or characters accords with the Alferic Ogam, there are also differences. In the latter system, each wood is linked to a rune which symbolises the complex of magical correspondences embracing not only wood, but also stone, bird, animal, colour, and time.

I have included here only those types of wood that are currently available for wand making. Some are more plentiful than others. the exotics are available only in milled stock but the others are mostly taken from natural branches. I have here indicated their primary Elemental association, connections to the Mellarin (the Mighty Ones), and correspondences through the elvish ogam system to the solar calendar and principal festivals. These are according to the Elvish traditions, but I have also included associations with divinities from other pantheons and folklore from other sources.

Some magical applications are listed for each wood, but it should not be thought that any wand is limited to particular types of magic. Rather, I intend to indicate those powers that are especially suited for each respective wood and best fit the common character of a species. At the end of each entry are also included links to other web pages containing articles on each respective tree.

Trees of Elemental Earth

Rowan (Luis) Also called the Mountain Ash, and Quickbeam for its powers of bestowing and enhancing life, Rowan is sacred to Capricorn. It especially bears the power of the Dark Goddess, the Crone aspect of Mother Earth, and through her the power of fiery Abban, Vulcan, Lord of craft, mountain, and metalwork. Rowan flowers and bright orange berries are marked by the pentagram, symbol of the five Elements; the berries, often retained through Winter, symbolise the endurance of Life through the dark of the year. Also called Witchen or Witchbane Rowan has been considered the enemy of all evil witchery, and protects against one being carried off to Faerie against one’s will.

A tree of astral vision and protection, particularly good for warding off evil spirits, Rowan traditionally is said to avert storms and lightning and bring peace. The fondness of songbirds for Rowan berries gives the tree a link to the bards, and the Goddess Brigid in her role as Muse of poets. It is a tree associated with serpents and dragons and sacred places, the leylines or dragon-lines of Earth energy. The dragon embodies primal energy, a strong force of creativity and natural flow, which cannot be “slain” or “tamed”. Indeed “slaying the dragon” in Christian legend is sometimes confused with modern technology’s notions of dominion over Nature.

Dragon energy is drawn into harmony when we enter into a partnership with it through the erection of standing stones at intersections of the dragon lines, or by directing it in a Rowan wand. Rowan’s power is doubled by the inclusion of a dragon-scale core when it is fashioned as a wand. It’s Elvish name, Luis, comes from the root lu “time” also found in luras “to judge.” Elves frequently hold their judicial assemblies under old Rowans. Especially suited for magic giving form and order, ritual, growth, fertility, protection, women’s autonomy, poetry, weaving and spinning, and geomancy or work with ley lines.

Ash (Nuin) Sacred to Virgo and its ruler Mercury, the planet of intellect and reason, Ash is a wood associated with many divinities. The number of its house is nine (thrice three). The Ash appears in Norse myth as Yggdrasil, the World-Ash or Tree of Life from which all the worlds spring. In this respect, it is the pathway or bridge by means of which the wizard may travel among the worlds. Mystically, Ash signifies the Astral dimension and its myriad doorways. Beneath the World-Tree, Yggdrasil, the three Norns or Fates dispense judgement over gods and men. A dragon lives in the roots of the World Ash and an eagle in its branches; the goat of Odin feeds upon the leaves and turns that food into Ambrosia, the drink of the gods that provides immortality.

Hanging upside down on the Ash tree, Odin drank of the spring of destiny at its roots and the runes were revealed to him. Tradition holds the Ash also to be sacred to Llyr and the Greek Poseidon, Lord of Sea, horses, and metamorphosis. Like the Sea-Goat Capricornus, Ash unites Earth and Water in the primordial energy in which all potential lies. Poseidon, Odin, and Thor each wielded a spear of Ash, symbolic of an irresistible magical Will and invincible protection. The Greek goddess Nemesis carried an ash wand as a symbol of divine justice. With it, she ensures that fortune (good or ill) is shared among all people and not only by the few. Nemesis is also called “Nemesis of the rainmaking ash” identified as Andrasteia, daughter of the sea god Oceanus.

One of the few surviving Druid wands of old, found in an archeological dig, was made of Ash with a sunwise spiral design, symbolising Ash’s links to the Sun. So generally magical is the Ash that it is the wood used for Yule logs and Maypoles and in some traditions the brooms of witches. In the Alferic pantheon Olobaal, the Sea Mother, whose body moves with the moon is a feminine figure. She is the devouring Mother who consumes, swallows, and gives birth to all life. She is the goddess of water, sea, and ocean, twin sister of Vashaan, the Wind Lord, as Poseidon is the brother of Zeus. She is great and terrible when incited to Tempest by her brother; calm and beautiful when she is embraced by the Sun Obraash; fecund when touched by the Moon. She can take any form and is also a goddess of war.

In Alferic tradition, it is out of ash-wood that Olobaal fashioned her scepter and the haft of her magical harpoon. Thus, it may be seen that Ash is as much attuned to Elemental Water as Earth, and so is the consummate wood of growth and fecundity, mothers and daughters, and female sovereignty. It is a wood of balance and the marriage of opposites. Well-suited for shamanic magic, protection, and to enhance one’s skills at any art or craft, the magic of wells and caves, Earth as the vessel of water, finding roots or working with plant roots, the magic of horses, oceans, conquest, justice, and weather working.

Maple (Shorin) Sacred to Alban Elved (the Autumnal Equinox) because of its fiery red and orange colours as its leaves turn — a bold celebration of the season and the cycle of death and rebirth. Poised on the equinox, it is linked to both Libra and Virgo, Hazel and Ash. Maple’s sacred bird is the Great Horned Owl who is the herald of the coming Feast of Samhuinn with its magic and mystery. The owl is a bird associated with wizards and wisdom, and the bearing of messages in the night.

In North America, especially in its northern parts, the Maple is a dominant tree with many varieties, including the sugar maple from which maple syrup was made by the Native Americans. As such it is associated with the life-giving sap of the trees, providing food and sweetness for those who treat it with respect and care. Alban Elved is also known as the Feast of Mabon, dedicated to the reborn son-consort of the Great Mother. The Dying God is also the Giant Ymir of Norse myth, from whose body the world was made. Maple is a strongly masculine wood, somewhat rebellious and tough, but with a beautiful smooth grain; hard, yet excellent for carving. Well-suited to spells of sending and communication, binding, transmutations, creation, revolution, rebirth, healing, beauty, art, and abundance.

Elm (Elma)

One of the tallest ancient forest trees, graceful in its chalice shape, Elm is sacred to the Great Goddess in her form as Wise Grandmother. She is the Qabbalist’s Briah, manifest in the planet Saturn. Elm is also called “Elven” for its connection to the Elves and Faerie mounds, and so to burial mounds, and to death as the doorway eternal life.

In recent times, as many ancient Elms have been killed off by Dutch Elm disease, the tree has come to symbolise and embody the struggle of Nature against humanity’s destruction of the old forests through short-sightedness or the transportation of diseases from other parts of the world. Elm’s spirit is majestic and expansive, rooted and wise. Well-suited to the magic of Earth and invocation of the Goddess, healing, fertility, gardening, rebirth, destiny, wisdom., a passage from one life (or phase of life) to another, metamorphosis, endurance.

Blackthorn or Plum (Emrys) Plum wood is not a wood expressly included in the sacred tree lists of the Elves or the Celts; however, it is closely related to its sister, the Blackthorn, which is known as a Faerie tree of dark omen, strong in protective magic. They are treated together here because I have better access to plum than to blackthorn. Besides this, when it comes to wandmaking, I feel that it is better not to mess with the blackthorn tree. Plum trees are much less severe and do not seem to be used by the Good People to guard their hollow hills.

Sacred to Abban, God of Craft and Mountains, Plum is a fruit wood and so bears powers of fertility but its thorns evoke powers of great reserve and protection, the setting of boundaries, and the ability to dissolve them. Abban, like the Greek Hephaestos, is a jealous spirit of creative fire, whose devotion to art transcends all other concerns. The wood itself is harder than Apple but has a similar creamy colour, and the branches are tough, knotty, and thorny.

Thus Plum is a consummate wand wood for the creative artist or anyone desiring to focus on magic that will enhance skill, overcome barriers, keep people or disturbance at bay, evoke toughness and persistence, patience, protection, and healing, especially of the blood. It is also well-suited for the divining of precious metals or minerals.

Trees of Elemental Air

Hawthorn (Huathe) Hawthorn or Whitethorn is sacred to Aquarius and Vashaan, the Windlord, the Thunderer, whom the Elves call Valma. He is the Norse Thor and the Greek Zeus, god of Sky and storm. This is a tree of defence with its twisted branches and sharp thorns, and it holds the power of lightning. Some loremasters say it can detect the presence of magic because it is a tree in which magical powers enter the manifest world from beyond. Its sacred colour is violet and it is especially attuned to this band of the magical spectrum with its focus on powers over other kinds of magic.

Well-suited for all protective magic and all magic aimed at strengthening one’s magical powers, spells of control, or warding, sending, detection, concealment, weather working. and protection against lightning and evil spirits.

Lilac (Galad) Sacred to Gemini, the Twins, lilac brings the root energy of expansion and growth, that underlies intellectual and spiritual prosperity. Such energy is the burgeoning of Spring flowers, sacred to the androgynous and quicksilver Mercury, whose domain is writing, speech, song, reason, and travel by sea, air, and star.

Lilac is sacred to bards and its intoxicating fragrance bespeaks erotic and creative power. Galad comes from the root gal, meaning “gift” from which other words derive: galian “hospitality,” agalla “sexual pleasure,” gaellië “delight,” melengal “mystic union.” All of which suggests the mysteries of gifts and giftedness, talent, and the communication of love through delight.

Lilac wood is close-grained, creamy, and smooth, excellent for carving intricate interlace patterns. Well-suited to the magic of union, attraction, enhancement of sexual pleasure, intellectual pursuits, imagination, information, mental concentration, travel, illusion, detection, divination.

Hazel (Koll) Sacred to Libra and the Celtic goddess Arianrhod, called Shava and Ardiana by the Elves – the White Goddess of Stars and the Queen of Heaven. In Roman and Greek myth she is Venus and Aphrodite, goddess of love, but for the Elves, she is the goddess not so much of carnal love itself, but of the enchanting power of beauty. She is named Danu by the Celts, the grandmother, and is called Spider Grandmother because she created the starry net of the night sky. Her web is manifested in the twining limbs of the forest trees as they reach upwards in the worship of her.

Hazelnuts feed the Salmon of Wisdom in its deep pool. Its colour is midnight blue, its stone lapis lazuli or blue sapphire. It’s bird is the crane. Shava is considered the teacher of enchanters and all worthy wizards and bards are summoned to her table. Sacred to Shava, Hazelwood is imbued with magical power. It’s nuts feed the Salmon of Wisdom in its deep pool. The hazelnut is also connected magically to the heart chakra. Well-suited to the magic of wisdom, beauty, charm, love, stars, navigation, and creativity.

Cedar (Chakris) Sacred to the cross-quarter feast of Imbolc, which in the Elvish tradition, is the Feast of Shava, Queen of Stars. Yet it Cedar is also associated with the goddess Sezh or Persephone in her Underworld time, withdrawn from the mundane surface of existence during the season of snows. Evergreen Cedar is sacred, like Juniper, for the promise of eternal life. Its number is thirty, its colour pale yellow, and its bird the goldfinch. Chakris recalls the Cedars of Lebanon, the wood from which the great Jewish Temple of Solomon was built. Associations with Solomon are, of course, always magical, that great king being legendary for his powers of magic and ability to bind spirits to his service.

Cedar is a wood of protection and preservation. Imbolc or Oimelc is also, traditionally, the time of the lambing when the milk of the ewes comes, thus the linkage of the festival to milk, as well as to light. Chakris symbolises and embodies the light in the darkness, and the brilliance of the Star Goddess in the inky blackness of the interstellar void. Cedar is especially powerful for clearing negativity from an area prior to magical work. The tree is also called Arbor Vitae, Tree of Life.

Especially suited to preservation of sacred places, forests, and groves, the dedication of sacred space for worship and magic, bringing of light out of darkness, star magic of all kinds, and summoning of helpful spirits.

Apple (Queris) Sacred to the Feast of Lughnasa and the Celtic Goddess Rhiannon, who is also one of Shava’s masks, as Goddess of Stars and also of horses. Apple harvest comes on and after the feast of Lughnasa (August 1st) and marks one of the major foods of the Elves, often associated with the Faerie realms and the Isle of Avalon. Thus the wood has the power of Avalon and the immortality of the Faerie realms. The Q-rune is also called Quenda, in Elvish Eranor, which is the Rose bush whose bright colours evoke the spirit of light and love in the season of Lugh, or Obraash, Mellar of the Sun. It’s sacred number is seventy; its sacred bird the rose-breasted grosbeak.

Shamans and ancient poets are often described carrying apple branches as symbols of their office and the famous Silver Bough of Apple provided entry to Faerie. Especially suited to opening the doorways into Faerie, spells to do with horses or travel, illumination, enhancing any skill, love, harmony, and beauty, harvest, and magic of divine, shamanic madness or visionary experience.

Linden (Ohm) The Linden, also called Basswood and Lime-tree, is the tree most sacred to the goddess Shava, who may be found in Celtic Arianrhod, and Greek Aphrodite: Queen of Stars and Love. Her nature is as much fiery as airy being the spirit of Divine Light. Linden wood is laden with the power of attraction that underlies not only love, infatuation, and harmony, but also the very fabric of the material cosmos in such forces as magnetism, adhesion, and gravity. It is a wood of truly cosmic power on every dimension and sphere of the Tree of Life. Linden is a very light, airy, and smooth wood, excellent for carving and capable of supporting fine details.

Especially suited to star magic, spells of creation and transmutation, illumination, love, attraction, healing, enhancement of beauty and peace, and acts of enchantment.

Yew (Ioho) Sacred to Mercury, the spirit of intellect, thought, and communication and master of magic, incantations, and runes. He is also the psychopomp, guide of souls from one world to the next. As such, the evergreen Yew bears powers over travel between the worlds. In the Elvish pantheon, Mercury is Islaar, a shape-shifting, androgyne who is both the great Teacher and the mischievous Trickster. Patron of thieves as well as Poets and Seers, Islaar is a mystic power as well as the divine spirit of thought. As Trickster, he is the inspirer of wit and eloquence. The Yew is the tree of the Ovate, the seer and healer in Druid tradition. As such it bridges the worlds and opens doorways into the Otherworld.

Yew is especially suited to spells of transformation and transfiguration, illusion, astral travel, mediumism, necromancy, the conjuration of helpful spirits, guides and ancestors, and also spells to bestow knowledge, eloquence, or persuasion.

Trees of Elemental Fire

Oak (Duir, Dwyr)

The most powerful and sacred of Druid woods, Oak is magically linked to the constellation Leo. It holds power to draw lightning or the bolt of inspiration. The Sun, which rules Leo, is the source of life and light. Psychologically it is the centre of the Self. Oak symbolises all solar heroes, those who venture out from their homelands to achieve great deeds and bring home wondrous treasures. Oak traditionally provided not only one of the most durable woods for construction and fuel, but also the acorn from which the early tribes fed their pigs throughout the winter.

Oak is one of the longest lived trees, thus embodying great wisdom as well as strength. The name Duir is related to dwyn, “door,” or “portal,” the great door of a manor dwelling. It is also, of course, often linked to drwyd, “druid” or “wizard.” As the wizard wood, there is no more magical wood for wand making and it is especially noted for enhancing the endurance of spells against time and counterspell. The acorn is associated magically with a helmeted head and so to the crown chakra.

Natural branches of Oak are often twisted and gnarly and have a coarse, dark grain. It is a hard and heavy wood. Especially suited to the magic of kingship and wise rule, personal sovereignty, authority, power, protection, sealing or opening doors, endurance, and invocation of wisdom, fertility, and abundance.

Holly (Tinne) Associated with the Holly King who defeats the Oak King at Midsummer each year and reigns until the Winter Solstice, Holly is one of the fieriest of woods and second only to Oak for its sacred regard by the Druids. The Gaelic “tinne” is thought to mean “fire.” Its rune in the Alferic Ogham is the same as the Futhark rune Tyr, and like that rune is associated with the Spear, one of the magical weapons of the Tuatha de Danann, and also of Odin. The spear is one of the prototypes of the magical wand, a phallic , yang instrument for projecting will and inseminating matter with life and creative seed-forces.

Mars, or in Elvish the god Ambash, rules Holly. Ambash is also associated with the Wildman of the Forest, the untamable power of the forest depths and its procreative essence. It is associated with Midwinter but actually reigns over the “dark half” of the year when the solar tide is waning, from Midsummer to Midwinter. Oak rules the waxing tide of the sun. It is calendrically associated with Capricorn as the Constellation presiding at the Winter Solstice; however, the Alferic tradition also associates it with Aries, a constellation ruled traditionally by Mars.

Holly has been regarded as a powerful protective wood, good against evil spirits, poisons, angry elementals, and lightning. It is also associated with dream magic and fertility and is well-suited for any magic dealing with the overthrow of old authorities, success in business or endeavour, or spells seeking progress to a new stage of development. Holly wood is very fine-grained, hard, and smooth, and almost ivory in colour if it is not stained. It is a truly exquisite wood for wands.

Redwood/Sequoia (Thor) The giant redwood is the most magnificent of all conifers and its Elvish name, Thor, draws an association with the Norse god of that name, the spirit of thunder, storm, and lightning. As an evergreen, Redwood is the embodiment of life and the assertive phallic striving upward to the sky. Its rune in the Alferic Ogham looks like a doubling of Tinne (see Holly above), a twin spearhead, barbed perhaps, and also resembling the stately conifer form itself. It is associated with the constellation Sagittarius, the Archer, and the Centaurs. It is also associated with the Stag-god Orion, who in Greek tradition is the archetypal Hunter. Ambash, the God of Beasts is the Hunter in the Alferic tradition, but his counterpart, from whom he is inseparable, is Orion, the hunted Stag of Summer. The Stag or White hart is the magical animal of the deep forest whose appearance invariably leads the heroic hunter into some adventure in the Otherworld. Orion is in fact regarded as a spirit most closely linked to the planet Uranus and the Greek Titan Prometheus, bringer of fire and teacher of all arts to humankind, a spirit, as the poet Shelley argued, of rebellion and revolution. However, there is also a feminine side to the redwoods, for they grow in vast groves and these resonate with the power of the Great Goddess. Such groves are called by the Sarithin, the Halls of Yavanna. Magically, Redwood is excellent for drawing down power from Heaven to Earth, spells of religious seeking and discipline, spells of mystical union with nature and wild animals, hunting magic, the martial arts as a spiritual discipline, and spells for innovation and sudden revelation. We usually use milled redwood for wands, which has a very broad and beautiful grain, is quite lightweight and soft, and which has a dark red colour without the need of any stain. The wood tears easily as so is not well-suited to detailed carving.

Hickory (Axara) Hickory is sacred to Obraash, God of the Sun, who is also Lugh and Apollo. His colour is golden yellow, his stones citrine, and yellow topaz. His sacred birds are the Phoenix and the peacock. Obraash is one of the principal fire spirits whose domain is kingship, the wise use of power, unification of peoples, and wholeness, both of the individual personality and of a society.

Hickory is a hard and close-grained wood, with solar energies similar to Oak. Because of its durability, it is traditionally used for making bats, sticks, and clubs — the primitive prototypes of the magic wand or royal scepter, signifying power to command and direct action. The Eranor word axara shares a root with axalla “majesty” and lex “crown.” The hickory nut is linked to the solar plexus chakra.

Hickory is especially suited to the magic of abundance, wholeness, power, presence, command, discipline, acquisition, giving of gifts, and the finding of direction.

Cherry (Oadha) Cherrywood is sacred to Ambash, God of the Hunt, of Beasts, and of War. He is also Ares, Mars, Herne, Teutates, Tyr. Cherry is sacred likewise to female deities of hunt and battle: Artemis, Morrigan. Cherrywood is red in colour and darkens with age and exposure to the sun. Its companion stones are obsidian and sard. Its sacred bird is the Red-tailed hawk. The sound of the rune Oadha carries with it the aspiration of Thor (Redwood) and the vibratory qualities of Duir (Oak).

Cherrywood carries the energy of the magical Will through which magical intentions are directed into the outer world of manifestation. Cherrywood is imbued with the power of making and doing achievement, and self-assertion over obstacles and critics. It is the pure energy of Will and desire. The cherry fruit is magically linked to the root chakra and so to sex and birth: the life force of attraction and renewal. Its sweet-scented flowers evoke eroticism and the power of love in its more subtle forms as well as the essence of springtime with its powers of renewal.

Especially suited to invocations and blessings of sacred fires, spells of finding, hunting, conflict, war, competition, sex, passion, communion with animals, unification of groups or tribes, and the amplification of magical will.

Walnut (Yuin) Sacred to Vashaan the Lord of Winds and Lightning, Walnut partakes of Elemental Air and Fire. It is perhaps the consummate wood for weather magic. The shape of the walnut nut connects it magically to the head, and so to the crown chakra. Its colour is turquoise blue, its stones turquoise, blue topaz, and sardonyx. Vashaan’s sacred bird is the Eagle, particularly the Bald Eagle. The rune Yuin depicts the “First Swirlings” of the universe. It is the centripetal force of outward movement or expansion that complements Shava’s powers of attraction. Thus Yuin has power over all magical acts of expansion: expansion of wealth, horizons, the mind, the feelings. Its scope is limitless and its age unfathomable.

The nut of the walnut tree is linked to the Windlord’s creation myth, in which his tempests shake the walnut tree so that the nuts fall to earth and are buried by the squirrels. From these nuts spring forth the race of Elves. So the war-helms of the ancient Sarith knights, the Shazarin, are shaped like half of a walnut shell. Vashaan is called by the Elves Valma and is associated with the gods Zeus, Jupiter, Thor, and Vishnu. Walnut wood ranges from light to very dark and is well-suited to wand carving.

Walnut is especially suited for wind and weather magic, spells of expansion, vortices, enhancement of the powers of breath, spells to cast or avert lightning, teleportation and astral travel, and inspiration.

Beech (Sultan) Sacred to Obraash the Sun lord, whom the Elves call Alba, Beechwood is closely related to Oak. The Beech tree is a large and spreading tree that bears edible nuts. It was particularly valued by the ancient Celts — and the Elves — as a nut used to fodder animals, especially the sacred swine. Beech is the family of trees to which Oak belongs, thus is Beech sometimes called Atarya Dwyrion, “Grandfather of Oaks.” The name Beech relates to the Germanic word for Book and tradition tells that beech wood was used to make the first writing tablets for the runes. Hence, Beech is deeply associated with learning and lore, and with the divinatory power of the runes.

Like Greek Apollo, the Elvish Alba drives his sun-ship across the sky each day and passes to every world of manifestation, sources of light, beauty, and life. Apollo is also considered to be a spirit of youth, archery, and prophecy, the latter because of his conquest of the Pythian serpent at Delphi and subsequent assumption of the powers of the Delphic oracle. In Celtic tradition, many gods are associated with the sun’s light, among them Ogma Sunface, god of eloquence who created the ogham letters, and Oenghus mac Og, god of love and youth. The wood of the Beech has a superb grain that finishes most beautifully. The Elvish rune Sultan is the same as the Norse rune Sol, the solar rune which has also been interpreted to mean “victory.”

Magical operations especially applicable to Beech include spells of information, especially seeking old wisdom; invocation of ancient guardians or Ancestors; research into old writings and the runes; the magic of the Summer Solstice, the culmination of desires; the magic of victory.

Osier or Dogwood (Zallis) Osier is a tree most sacred to Agni, the primordial Fire. Zallis is held, by the Elves, to be sacred to the spring fire festival of Beltane (or Agnianna as they also name it). Agni, who is not numbered among the twelve Mellarin, may be equated to the Celtic god Belinos (for whom Beltane is named). He is called Atarya Tulkazo, “Grandfather of Tulkas,” who is the fire of passion, desire, and will. Agni is often considered to be a mask of Olan, the Great Spirit who goes before all and encompasses all.

The Elves sing that Agni is the father of Shava, Star Queen, and also of Abban, the great subterranean Father of volcanic fire and the forge. The red-barked Osier is associated with fertility and sexual attraction. For Agni is not only the sacrificial fire but also the fire of loins and procreation, the energy of bud and flower. The rune Zallis, shaped like an X, is considered one of the most powerful runes for magic invoking the protective and creative power of fire and is often used alone as a sign for banishing disruptive forces and deception. By association with the Futhark rune Gifu, it also bears a sense of happiness and warmth or comfort.

The wood’s name “dogwood” also carries associations with the Irish hero Cuchullain, whose name meant “the dog of Chullain” referring to his loyalty. This gives the wood magical links to the warrior heroism and superhuman physical prowess of the hero and links to domesticated dogs, their healing and protection and their loyalty and affection too.

Magical operations especially applicable to Osier include magic of flowering; the evocation of one’s Ancestors; renewal of cycles of fertility; consecration of ritual or hearth fires; giving of comfort or healing, and spells of banishment and protection.

Trees of Elemental Water

Alder (Fearn) Alder is sacred to the constellation Pisces, the Fishes. It is a wood which lasts a long time submerged in water and is often found on river and lake banks. When first cut its wood appears red like blood and so was traditionally viewed as ill-omened but this is an oversimplification. It’s bloody appearance may have influenced Alder’s popularity as a wood for warrior’s shields in Celtic tradition. In Elvish Eranor Fearn comes from the root feä, meaning “fey” or Faerie magic. This rune invokes astral protection as well as physical and can open the mind to the deep wisdom of the watery element in the form of dreams. It can protect one from the emotions of others, especially warlike anger or bloodlust.

Alder is particularly potent for protection against drowning or disaster by storm or flood. Its use in bridges, half submerged, symbolises not only its power as a bridge between worlds but its mentality, amphibiously aware of the conscious and unconscious worlds, the above and below, the overt and the hidden. Fearn’s ruling Mellar is Ulmaren, the Water Mother.

Magical operations most applicable to Alder include protection against drowning and death; death curses and shielding against them; shielding against all ill-omens and destructive emotions; cultivation of the vision of inner and outer worlds; bridging of the above and below; preparation for conflict; shielding against unwanted intrusions from beyond.

Birch (Beith) Sacred to the festival of Alban Eiler (Vernal Equinox). Its number is forty and its bird the white egret. In the Celtic Ogham Beith is accorded prestige as the first tree, one of the trees that emerges first to establish a new forest, a harbinger of youth and springtime. It is often associated with the beginning of the year, and in the Alferic tradition is linked to the beginning of the cycle of growth and renewal in Spring. It is a tree of beginnings in general and of the Bards, as the first grade of the Druid order.

The Bards are according to first honour as the singers of the Creation epics, those who sang the worlds into existence. Birch is also a wood with great powers to purify and discipline, to create the new forest in service to the great trees that will come after, such as the oak and ash and maple. Birch forest is young and so birch is linked to youth and all things new.

Especially suited to the magic of new beginnings, spells of youth and fresh starts, bardic enchantment, creativity, procreation, renewal and rebirth, purification, and spells for discipline and service.

Willow (Awn) Sacred to the Moon, Omulan or Diana, Willow is a wood of the Water Element. Willow is a tree of emotion, love, intuition, and poetic inspiration. Awn is pronounced ahh-oon and is related to as the Druid term awen, the sacred word of inspiration. It is linguistically rooted to Eranor awë, “inspiration” and hwenwë, “breath.”

Omulan is the White Goddess, who has affinities with both the Celtic goddesses Rhiannon and Arianrhod. She is the daughter of Shava and Vashaan, and sister to Islaar, god of magic and thought. As the Moon she rules the cycles of female life and becoming: menstruation, birth, and menopause. By extension, she is mistress of hearth and home and all whatever is considered the traditional sphere of motherhood.

As the great luminary of the night, she also is Astarte, goddess of witchcraft and moon magic, which is to say magic that aims at transformation and natural harmony. Willow is especially suited to works of the New Moon, magic related to cycles of fertility or creativity, spells of glamour and bewitchment, change, relationship and female rites of passage.

The Dark Moon, as it is called, is the time best suited for spells of dissolving and banishment, the time to get rid of old habits that no longer serve a good purpose in your life. Traditionally associated with witches, willow is the perfect wand wood for the ritual of “Drawing Down the Moon.” As the source of salicylic acid, the main ingredient in aspirin, willow is also a wood appropriate for spells intended to remove pain and give comfort.

Poplar or Aspen (Kenning)

The poplar or its sister the aspen are trees with very soft wood and a pithy core. Their bark is white which is descriptive of their delicate and sensitive character. This tree is sacred to the Lady Nienna, lady of sorrows, of memory and forgetting. Its magic is that of emotion. The subtlety of poplar lends itself to emotional healing work, but may also be used in spells designed to create particular emotions such as fear or anxiety. It is nearly impossible to use poplar to create anger or any of the more assertive passions, but it can be effective in dispelling anger or fear.

As an aid to meditation, a wand of poplar will promote a sense of peace and alertness. These trees have leaves that flutter in the wind. The aspen is sometimes called “quaking aspen” for this reason. If you desire to delve into your own emotions to heal the roots of many health problems, and larger life problems, then poplar would be a good choice for a wand.

Exotic Hardwoods

Ebony Ebony is an exotic hardwood that comes from various sub-tropical climes. It is a wood that is used extensively for carving in Bali and in Africa because of its density and hardness. It is extremely difficult to carve, but the end result is a superb black wood (sometimes with the lighter grain) that is very heavy and magnetically powerful.

Ebony is not one of the sacred woods of the Celts, nor is it included in the version of the Elvish Ogham known to me. However, from working with this wood I have come to see it as a wand perfect for Dark Moon magic, those operations that seek to banish, dissolve, dissipate, or cast off evil or outworn influences.

The Elves tell me that it is a tree strongly attuned to Nienna, goddess of Memory and Forgetting, Joy and Sorrow. I also feel that it carries the energy of the dark of the moon, or of eclipses. Ebony is quite a popular wood for wands and is unquestionably very handsome. It’s presence and energy is very strong, and so it is not a wood for the faint of heart.

Purpleheart Purpleheart is another exotic tropical hardwood that is readily available in milled stock. It is a wood with very long coarse fibres and so difficult to carve without splitting. This bespeaks the wood’s sensitivity and flexibility. It is a medium density and heaviness and can be finished to a lustrous smoothness which captures its remarkable purplish-red colour.

Like Ebony, Purpleheart is not a wood that has attached to it any Celtic lore, or Elvish lore that I am aware of. However, from my own work with this wood, I have come to the conclusion that it is very well-suited for work with the heart chakra. This means that it is good for emotional as well as physical healing, for opening up the seat of compassion and generosity, and for any work involving the blood. Its colour gives it attunement to the violet and ultraviolet frequencies of magic, which is those centred on control, especially over other magic.

goodwitcheshomestead.com/2017/04/09/dryads-trees-the-fifth-element/

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garden-ghoul · 7 years

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bloggbblog, part 8

“my GOAL for this one is to do 2 chapters since I have jack else to do. idk if I’m using jack correctly in this sentence.”

FLIES AND SPIDERS

Why is it my most vivid memories of this book are of the dwerrows getting captured in sacks/spider webbing. Is it just because it’s KIND OF WEIRD that this exact thing gets repeated. Wait shit the point is probably to contrast “Gandalf has to save everyone while Bilbo hides” and “Bilbo saves everyone because getting the Ring made him suddenly competent.” No uh why is he competent now? I like the bit where he’s the only one with eyes sharp enough to spot Beorn in chapter 7, and now he’s turning into a real hero. I think what might have done it was the moment when he steps out of the cave, finally free, and then realizes he’s going to have to go back into danger to save his friends. That bit was really good, like just understated enough that clearly Bilbo doesn’t even realize how much he’s changed.

Sorry. That’s what I got from the TITLE of the chapter. Uhh let’s start reading it. So far the first paragraph informs us in a very fun way that the forest is dark because it’s covered in trees. It’s also full of cobwebs bigger than any Bilbo has ever seen, though thankfully (but mysteriously) they don’t go across the Path. And at night many eyes come to stare at our heroes--the forest is completely zero-photon black, though, so honestly this just proves that Tolkien put all his points into mythology and none in biology. I’m pretty sure spiders don’t even have tapeta lucida, so what the fuck. Basically Tolkien spends a couple pages enumerating all the ways the forest sucks, and then the party stumbles upon the Lethe. They don’t want to wade it, for fear that forgetfulness is absorbed via skin contact, BUT there is a boat on the far bank that they are able to hook with their convenient grappling hook (it’s not a grappling hook it’s like one of those bungee hooks).

As they’re just barely across a hart runs over Bombur and knocks him into the water, causing him to fall asleep. In the distance: a horn, baying hounds. Maybe they were hunting the hart! Or maybe they were hunting these other deer that show up--the dwerrows use all of their remaining arrows trying in vain to shoot them, and now the bows are useless. Fools. Tolkien informs us that they are actually getting close to the eastern edge of the wood, but they don’t know this and are beginning to despair, because they’ve been carrying Bombur for four days. Um is he just. Asleep now, permanently. In time the trees start to thin, even as the party begins to hear strange eerie songs and laughter. I wonder if the elves also don’t want to live too deep in the forest. Bilbo is made to climb a tree to try and see the end, because he’s lightest; finds some spiders “after the butterflies.” Listen. Butterflies are a fool’s errand. They’re mostly wing and they destroy webs really easily. Don’t bother with them. I get that this is like a metaphor or something but I’m cheesed. Oh they’re cool butterflies, though, and tons of them. With velvet black wings. Bilbo sees no end to the forest, because he’s in a valley, and everyone is miserable.

Bombur wakes up. I’m not sure if this is of consequence yet, but he has dreamed of feasting with the elves. He sees torches and fires lit, a ways off the path, which is honestly very will-o-wisp and oh great there he goes. He’s trying to go over there. It is decided that a couple people should creep over and spy, but since they might get lost forever, uh, everyone decides to go, which is the opposite of what makes sense in this situation, but whatever. They smell roasting meat and all try to leap toward it, and the elves vanish. Orrrr possibly they were an illusion the whole time, unclear. Now everyone is lost, so good job. Should have! left someone! on the path!

The lights come on again. Thorin decides to send Bilbo, the least scary, to parley.

The lights go out, and Bilbo is lost. They find him asleep a while later (weak from hunger?)

"I was having such a lovely dream," he grumbled, "all about having a most gorgeous dinner."

"Good heavens! he has gone like Bombur," they said. "Don't tell us about dreams. Dream-dinners aren't any good, and we can't share them."

This is just cute dialogue. The dwerrows STILL haven’t learned their lesson, because the next time they see lights--a huuuuge feast--they go and try to crash it again. Look the elves are just trying to eat and they keep having to pick up all their stuff and sprint away while they’re trying to have a good time. Let them alone. Thorin steps out and everyone looks at him for a moment, and then they snuff the lights and kick ashes in the dwerrows’ eyes. All the dwerrows get lost, and Bilbo can’t find any of them. So he lies down against a tree and goes to sleep, the only reasonable course of action.

He wakes up and a spider is trying to wrap him up. He panics but manages to kill it with his sword, and then passes out again. When he wakes up there’s a dead spider and he’s still alone. But.

Somehow the killing of the giant spider, all alone by himself in the dark without the help of the wizard or the dwerrows or of anyone else, made a great difference to Mr. Baggins. He felt a different person, and much fiercer and bolder in spite of an empty stomach, as he wiped his sword on the grass and put it back into its sheath.

"I will give you a name," he said to it, "and I shall call you Sting."

Birth of a legend.

He uses his innate hobbit stealth and also the Ring to sneak up on some spiders. That is, he sneaks in a random direction and falls ass-backward into a rescue. Also I want to interject here that the cobwebs these spiders make, unlike normal cobwebs, are black. If their hugeness wasn’t enough, this is probably a Clue that they are descended from Ungoliant or her like. They digest the light and excrete the darkness that is left over! Maybe that’s why this forest is so dark! Hey hey did we ever get any good descriptions of Nan Dungortheb. I bet it’s like this.

Bilbo listens in on some spider conversation, which makes me really wonder if Shelob could talk and just didn’t feel like it. It’d make sense if she could talk, right? Anyway it’s really fun how all the Horrible Monsters in this book talk like average Toms, Dicks, and Harrys. Hang ‘em up for a couple days and they’ll be bee-autiful, says one of the spiders. I’m serious. One of the spiders goes up to inspect Bombur and almost gets kicked off the branch and everyone else laughs. It’s like. Every kind of sentient creature is essentially the same. Why does Tolkien keep making people relateable and humanizing them and then turning right around and having the heroes remorselessly kill them?? Johnald you might want to get that checked out???

Turns out Bilbo is a good shot with a stone, and always has been. This is one of those things where you just assume he has a lot of mundane skills and you can just make one up if it happens to be useful. Bilbo throws the stone at the spider that’s about to gank Bombur (?usage?) and it falls off the branch and lands flop with its legs all curled. I like how he sometimes puts onomatopoeias into sentences like that, it flows real nice.

The next stone went whizzing through a big web, snapping its cords, and taking off the spider sitting in the middle of it, whack, dead. After that there was a deal of commotion in the spider-colony, and they forgot the dwerrows for a bit, I can tell you.

Good diction thanks. AND THEN HE SINGS. I love these songs so I’m going to stick them right in for you to enjoy too.

Old fat spider spinning in a tree! Old fat spider can't see me! Attercop! Attercop! Won't you stop, Stop your spinning and look for me! Old Tomnoddy, all big body, Old Tomnoddy can't spy me! Attercop! Attercop! Down you drop! You'll never catch me up your tree!

I think I recall at one point looking this up and finding that ‘attercop’ and ‘cobweb’ have a common root that means spider in like Old English. Tomnoddy, from a cursory googling, means “hey dumbass.” Bilbo successfully leads the spiders away from his friends, but now they are weaving webs to fence him in. Tolkien doesn’t know how long it takes to make a web, either.

Lazy Lob and crazy Cob are weaving webs to wind me. I am far more sweet than other meat, but still they cannot find me!

Sounds like Shel Silverstein. Alsooo I’m very happy about both internal rhyme and alliteration. Bilbo is a great fight-for-your-life spur-of-the-moment poet. Bilbo books it back to where his friends are (impressive sense of direction) and starts freeing them. After killing another spider! And then half a dozen more when they start to return! He’s growing into quite the murderer, is our Bilbo! The dwerrows try and join in, but they uhh have all been poisoned, and aren’t doing too good. Eventually Bilbo decides in desperation to draw the spiders off so they rest can escape. It takes hours but finally they do.

Everyone is bone tired. They rest in the elf campsites, which are maybe protected? And Bilbo tells them the story of getting the Ring, and they all decides that he Knows Things and must have a way to get them out of their pickle (still starving to death). Oh also Thorin is just straight up missing, he was kidnapped by the elves. Tolkien hastens to assure us that even though wood elves are dangerous and have kidnapped Thorin, “still elves they were and remain, and that is Good People.” Fake. Don’t tell me every elf is good. You’re the one who came up with Eol and Maeglin. Feanor. Every one of Feanor’s dumb ass sons. Anyway the woodland king is questioning Thorin. This bit’s hilarious.

"Why did you and your folk three times try to attack my people at their merrymaking?" asked the king.

"We did not attack them," answered Thorin; "we came to beg, because we were starving."

"Where are your friends now, and what are they doing?"

"I don't know, but I expect starving in the forest."

"What were you doing in the forest?"

"Looking for food and drink, because we were starving."

At least Thorin gets fed in elf jail.

BARRELS OUT OF BOND

The party is sort of staggering along, hopefully in the direction of the path, when twilight falls. Twilight is Elf Time. The dwerrows are glad to be captured, though; Bilbo goes invisible and sneaks after them, so as to have a hope of rescuing them. None of the dwerrows is willing to talk when questioned by the elf king, so that’s good. Apparently he has a great liking for treasure and is probably trying to get gold out of them. How the tables have tabled! He gets angry at them for just being in his kingdom and throws them in prison with some food but no talking. And he doesn’t tell them he has Thorin.

Bilbo lives for a week off stolen food, creeping out the door after hunting parties occasionally but unable to find the way out of the wood. It’s absolutely miserable, he never takes off the Ring and hardly dares to sleep. He finds Thorin eventually and acts as a secret courier between him and the rest of the dwerrows. Guys I Fuckin Love the narrative where people are imprisoned and have only the slimmest hope of getting out, someone sneaking around in desperation for their own life. It’s such a specific thing but I Love It.

Bilbo does not love it. He doesn’t like the hypervigilant life, and he doesn’t like having fourteen lives on his shoulders. Eventually he puts the river delivery service and a lucky break of the guard getting drunk... into a Plan. Steals the keys and goes around unlocking dwerrows. They don’t like “escaping in barrels on the river” but what are you going to do? Unfortunately Bilbo packs everyone into barrels and then has no-one to pack him. He panics while the barrel-rollers sing a barrel-rolling song that is much more elvish than their dialogue, puzzlingly. Bilbo has to cling to an empty barrel “like a rat.” It’s hard, because of how it is Round. The rest of the chapter is basically more “barrels are hard and the dwerrows might be dead.”

#urgh teatime #there's just too much daylight in the summmer #and I'm very tired #blog of the rings

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dreamingfuzz · 7 years

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The Penelopiad

A. Author’s Background

Margaret Atwood is a Canadian poet, novelist, literary critic, essayist, inventor, and environmental activist.

She is also a founder of the Writers' Trust of Canada, a non-profit literary organization that seeks to encourage Canada's writing community. Among innumerable contributions to Canadian literature, she was a founding trustee of the Griffin Poetry Prize.

She was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, as the second of three children She became an avid reader of literature, Dell pocketbook mysteries, Grimm's Fairy Tales, Canadian animal stories, and comic books. She attended Leaside High School in Leaside, Toronto, and graduated in 1957.Atwood began writing plays and poems at the age of six.

Atwood realized she wanted to write professionally when she was 16. She began studying at Victoria College in the University of Toronto, where she published poems and articles. She graduated in 1961 with a Bachelor of Arts in English (honours) and minors in philosophy and French.

B. Summary

Penelope started to learn about everything that happened in her life when she died. She was the wife of the hero Odysseus. She was celebrated for her faithfulness, patience and feminine virtue. When Odysseus was away for several years due to a war, Penelope remained faithful to her husband, even to the point of stalling her suitors by “weaving a web.” However, things started to be revealed to her the day she died. She arrived in the underworld learning about the words she’s spoken in life, words she’s heard, words that have been said about her, but most are those regarding her husband. She learns of how much people have jeered at her or made several stories about her, or made her seem unfaithful. She then reflects on how she turned a blind eye against all these because she knows she was in love. She wanted a happy ending, but everything turned the other way around. After that, she wanted to redeem her image, the image that was tainted by several stories passed on and exaggerated from mouth to mouth.

Unlocking of words

Minstrel - a medieval singer or musician, especially one who sang or recited lyric or heroic poetry to a musical accompaniment for the nobility.

Example: If Penelope were a minstrel, she’d be a low class citizen.

Factoids - a brief or trivial item of news or information / an assumption or speculation that is reported and repeated so often that it becomes accepted as fact.

Example: Odysseus’ versions of stories were considered factoids by the people.

Plausible - (of an argument or statement) seeming reasonable or probable / (of a person) skilled at producing persuasive arguments, especially ones intended to deceive.

Example: Odysseus is a plausible liar.

Edifying - Providing moral or intellectual instruction.

Example: Odysseus’ adventures served as edifying stories to the people.

Unscrupulousness - Having or showing no moral principles; not honest or fair.

Example: Odysseus’ unscrupulousness is something that is hidden from the eyes of the majority.

Inklings - A slight knowledge or suspicion; a hint.

Example: Penelope’s inklings about Odysseus made her to initially question their relationship before deciding to turn a blind eye.

Compulsion- The action or state of forcing or being forced to do something; constraint / an irresistible urge to behave in a certain way, especially against one's conscious wishes.

Example: Penelope tried hard to hide her compulsion from her suitors.

Preposterous – contrary to nature, reason, or common sense

Example: The idea of Odysseus being an entirely different man may sound preposterous to people.

Jeering – to speak or to cry out with mockery.

Example: Because Penelope’s story was shrouded, she was a victim of jeering from the public.

Eminent - (of a person) famous and respected within a\particular sphere or profession.

Example: Odysseus is an eminent hero which is why he is very respected by his people.

A. Guide Questions with Answers

1. Why does Penelope consider storytelling “low art?”

Penelope calls story-telling “low-art” because stories, most of the time move or play with play with people’s emotions whether or not it’s real or fake. People will believe what seems to be true to them. Stories can also appear to be true with the use of emotions and the right amount of fake proofs. Once it passes from one mouth, it can be exaggerated by the next one, therefore gradually twisting what’s actually real. In other words, it can be biased. In the excerpt, the people believed in Odysseus’ versions (or his lies) of the stories more since he’s also a hero, than Penelope’s, which are the real ones. Several stories about Penelope then started passing from mouth to mouth, all of them horribly exaggerated.

2. How does Penelope’s portrayal differ from the traditional portrayal of Odysseus? What do you think of Odysseus?

Penelope portrays Odysseus as a prideful, trickster, and scheming man, while the classical version portrayed him as a very brave hero. With Penelope’s point of view, I think Odysseus is more complex than he is, that there is something more in his head than what people believe.

3. Based on Penelope’s perspective, how is she different from how the epic portrays her? What do you think of Penelope’s character in the preceding story?

Penelope’s character is more complex in the contemporary version than the classical one. This is because we get to see what’s going on inside her head—her thoughts and opinions with what’s going on around her. In this version, she is a very conflicted woman whose emotions are building up inside of her. On the classical version however, Penelope was celebrated for her faithfulness, patience, calm demeanor and feminine virtue. When Odysseus was away for war, Penelope made sure to keep the kingdom from falling to another man’s hands. Though she received hundreds of attention from potential suitors, Penelope still remained faithful and believed of her husband’s return. I think Penelope is a very wise and intelligent woman, especially considered that she managed to stall hundreds of suitors and kept the kingdom stable for many years though it wasn't hers to being with.

4. What does she have to say about the “official version” of what happened? Why does she point this out?

The “official version” describes the things that actually happened. She pointed this out because those are the things she wishes people should have heard. Because they are the truth.

5. Why does she call herself “a stick to beat other women with”? do you agree with her? Why or why not?

She described herself as a stick to beat other women with because of how she was portrayed as an ideal woman, or a true role model.

I do agree with her that she’s pictured as the perfect woman, but didn’t want other women to be blinded by it. She wanted to show them that they should have power too, and not pressure themselves to follow her. But people didn’t take this very seriously, and she was often ridiculed.

This is actually still happening in today’s society wherein you are considered ideal if you met the standards. Such standards for women include femininity and gentleness, which is something I don’t wholly agree to be the ideal characteristic of a woman.

6. Why does Penelope say that “she sounds like an owl” when she tries to warn other women?

According to ancient Greek myths, an owl represents Athena, the goddess of war and wisdom. However if it hoots, it is considered a bad omen like death. Penelope described herself as sounding like an owl because she can’t be heard or taken seriously already, most likely because she’s already dead.

On another note, an owl can hoot in the night and can be ignored because it is already natural for them to make sounds during those hours. Like an owl, she was also ignored of the things she wishes people would hear.

7. How much of Ancient history do you think is fact and how much on gossip and exaggeration?

This is something I have always thought about for some time in my life, and I do believe that much of what’s written in our history books can be biases. There is a quote saying “History is always written by the winners.” These winners glorify their success and disparage the conquered foe. This means that we’re only seeing a fraction of what actually happened in the past, and we’re commonly seeing history from the winner’s perspective, completely erasing the thoughts, or motives of the defeated. In relation to the excerpt, written history says that Odysseus possess the quality of courage, determination, and cleverness. These may be true, but with those, people would be lead to believe that he is a good man. That is the fraction that is seen in history. The winner. What the defeated—Penelope wasn’t able to tell others was how much Odysseus was a tricky, scheming man, that also lead her to doubt their relationship but chose to ignore it, because she was in love.

8. Do you think a story is colored by the biases of the storyteller? Support your answer

Some authors might, and write stories based on their own biases. However I do not entirely believe that every story is written with them. There are writers who try to go beyond their comfort zones and try to express and explore ideas from other perspectives.

9. Do you think history is colored by the biases of the historian? Support your answer

Not all. Yes there are various evidences that support various events in history, but I don’t think everything in history is what they seem to be. Like the quote that says “History is always written by the winners,” we usually see history by what documents are provided. These documents however are often written by those winners, completely obscuring the thoughts or facts of the defeated. For example if history says Person A is a traitor, then we as readers will be lead to believe that Person A is a traitor. But that could possibly be a fraction of history. Person A could have been manipulated or blackmailed to do such things has an internal conflict or any other problems that was left undocumented.

10. Does this story change the way you look at literature and history? Why or why not?

No it does not. I have already learned even back when I was young not to ultimately believe the whole presented picture of what happened just because some people who never witnessed it believed it, or a book said it. The world is big and there will always be those things that we’ll never know about, so it’s never safe to say that just because that’s what’s written about history, that’s actually what happened as a whole. Like the excerpt, stories passed from mouth to mouth can be exaggerated and twisted, and several things may have happened in the past for several years (e.g. manipulation or bribery to write false accounts, undocumented scams, etc) that shaped what we believe today. In other words, there are things that happened in the background that may have changed the story as a whole if they were recognized. I still appreciate literature and history though, because it has always been a part of us. Without history, we wouldn't be where we are now.

INDIVIDUAL REFLECTION

The excerpt made me think about how I try to see or perceive people. I somehow just realized that it is oftentimes the people who we don’t know so much about who we tend to judge. When we know someone entirely, most of the time it’s easier for us to forgive them because we know them so much—from their habits, to their flaws, we all come to accept it. In the excerpt, Penelope was considered as Odysseus’ wife, and therefore probably a less important person / character. With that, she was then subjected to various false stories, all probably made to spite her. All of us have our own stories and backgrounds, which often aid us to what we do in the future. This has made me realize that maybe I should try reaching out or understand a person’s standing first before arriving at a conclusion. No one is wholly perfect or evil, and it is on our part to try to understand our differences.

#Grade 12 #21stCenturyLiterature

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autoirishlitdiscourses · 7 years

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Discourse of Saturday, 13 May 2017

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Great! The Young Covey, Rosie Redmond? Think about what your major points that are difficult to argue that something comes up at section each week is 27 November in section to agree with me. I still crossed out the issues involved, although if you have any questions about plagiarism should be to look closely for evidence. What does this figure become significant at the beginning of your discussion. There's no need to cancel my office SH 2432E and see what he says, then you may very well be phrased in a close-reading exercise of your intended final project to me, is likely to pay off, I made a lot of really excellent reading of the poems that's listed on the final, but this is what your paper's structure.

You do a better job with something you like it got cut off some possibilities for how you want to deal with this by dropping into lecture mode. Which texts I have to leave it blank, but being clear and engaging, and you're absolutely welcome to ask what is it worthwhile to make about motherhood: I will give him a no grade assigned if eGrades lets me do so. But how you can see one here.

Good luck with all of your discussion topics will be to start participating and pick up absolutely every point available for the quarter this includes the recitation of twelve lines of the people who identify as Irish are preeminent in a reduction of ⅓ letter grade is calculated. See, now that I'm speaking from experience here.

Let me know as soon as possible, OK? Originally, 240 silver pennies weighed one pound, but it's your job to figure out how to make you feel good about yourself, and gave what was overall an excellent job! You have a great deal in here, and to be time management you've only got twenty minutes for both your paper without being as successful as you write. —Jean Baudrilliard, Cool Memories II: 1987-1990, p. It's likely, if you have to do this in your sentence structure. Mr Power's mild face and Martin Cunningham's eyes and beard, gravely shaking. There will be helpful to avoid choosing too many pieces of evidence out of the poem after your recitation and discussion of Quoof and n's discussion of a specific topic with sufficient precision, but without pushing their interpretive insights far enough in other places where I feel like, because unless you have a few things to talk. For one thing that may help you be absent from your knowledge periodically and reinforce it by then, I think. You had a lot of your questions are, how effective you are trying to provide the largest contributions to the professor was discussing in lecture today. I am not participating in the meantime, you did a good weekend. Your writing, in my cubicle, doesn't have a good choice, and I fully believe that you picked to the course's large-scale point in the text affects the writer has a clear and engaging. B-77% 80% C 73% 77% C 70% 73% C-range grade on the final graded, but what else do we seem to find expressions for your recitation yet. Truthfully, you're very welcome. Everything looks good. Thanks for letting me know if you have any breathing room too, or didn't when you look for cues that tell me when you pick up absolutely every point available on the syllabus for Thursday, October 8 When You Are Old. And will respond to emails that you talk in section enough so that you should do now, and make sure to give a recitation text. That is to turn in your delivery, and. Realistically, you've been kind of reader-response criticism which is an explanation of what I mean is that you should use one-shot essay. Noisy selfwilled man. 116, p. It was a smart thing to work effectively as a psychiatrist but his personal experience doesn't necessarily tell us we exist, because it boils down to structural issues with your paper around supporting that statement. I think, but you really do have some interesting things to do is to blame to It seems to me. You may recall from lecture on the previous presenter s for providing an introduction to things that interest you to follow your analysis are. You should think about the way that Shakespeare has been made optional for everyone is scheduled to recite and discuss can be hard to motivate the discussion that followed, but just of choosing not to say about his own mother. All of that is helpful, but it made me throw a loud hissy fit in front of the students. For much of it will boost your attendance/participation score will probably drag you up for points of confusion regarding the text as someone else standing with you in section Wednesday night with details about the motivations of the text that takes the caveats of the room, were everywhere but operated independently and no ambassador would ever be relieved. Crashing? Strange feeling it would not only accepting responsibility for your thesis statement as you know you've done already this quarter, you have also been participating fairly regularly, so you don't recite; In front of the professor's signature on a second idea, but I haven't. Has plenty of sleep and vitamin C tonight. You can also be productive: think about just to plunge right in. Sounds like a reasonable narrative around those facts. Because I will cut in and provide a genuine contribution to our own field of action And comes to find that action of little importance Though never indifferent. Note that other people performing from Godot or from investigate or do not perform pre-evaluations of drafts, but some students may not know yourself yet, and even minor problems.

#Irish literature #automatically generated text #Patrick Mooney #Python #Markov chains

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