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The Complete Guide to Blockchain Development and How It’s Shaping the Future
Security Tokenizer provides bespoke blockchain solutions designed to meet your specific business goals, ensuring secure, scalable, and optimized infrastructure. Our expertise in Solana, Polygon, Multichain, enterprise systems, and blockchain gaming enables us to deliver cutting-edge solutions for DeFi, NFTs, and more, empowering businesses to excel in the decentralized era.
What is Blockchain Development?
Blockchain development is the manner of building decentralized structures and packages driven by the blockchain era—a stable, transparent, and immutable virtual ledger. By leveraging cryptographic concepts and allotted networks, builders craft clever contracts, decentralized apps (dApps), and digital tokens that perform without intermediaries. This innovation revolutionizes industries like finance, healthcare, and supply chain by way of permitting peer-to-peer, trustless transactions.
Blockchain platforms together with Ethereum, Solana, and Polygon provide the foundation for those advancements. As the center of Web3, DeFi, and NFTs, blockchain improvement is reshaping how virtual ecosystems are built and secured in a more and more decentralized international environment.
We Craft Transformative Blockchain Solutions, Specializing in Solana, Polygon, Multichain, Enterprise Innovation, and Blockchain Gaming
In the fast-paced virtual era, blockchain technology has emerged as a recreation-changer, reshaping industries and introducing groundbreaking enterprise models that redefine how we interact, change, and protect information.
At Security Tokenizer, we excel in designing modern blockchain solutions that enable agencies to completely harness the strength of this transformative era. Whether it's decentralized finance (DeFi), blockchain gaming, organization improvements, or beyond, our know-how spans key blockchain ecosystems which includes Solana, Polygon, and Multichain networks.
Let’s explore how our present day answers are revolutionizing blockchain improvement:
1. Solana Blockchain Solutions
Solana has become one of the most exceedingly acclaimed blockchain systems, recognised for its extraordinary pace, scalability, and value-efficiency. Designed to method heaps of transactions in keeping with 2nd (TPS) with extremely-low latency, Solana is an appropriate answer for applications that demand fast and affordable performance.
At Security Tokenizer, we focus on Solana development services, using its high-performance environment to create decentralized applications (dApps) and execute complex transactions without intermediaries. Our expertise includes growing Solana smart contracts, tokenized belongings, and decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions. Whether you’re building a DeFi platform, NFT market, or cryptocurrency trade, we ensure your answers are optimized for Solana’s structure, turning in unmatched efficiency and lightning-rapid performance.
2. Polygon Blockchain Development
Polygon, formerly known as Matic Network, offers a layer-2 scaling solution that efficiently resolves the scalability challenges faced by Ethereum. By enabling faster and more affordable transactions, Polygon allows developers to build and deploy decentralized applications (DApps) that leverage Ethereum’s security and ecosystem while optimizing performance. This makes Polygon an ideal choice for both enterprises and startups aiming to overcome the high gas fees and slow transaction speeds typically associated with Ethereum.
With a strong focus on innovation and security, Security Tokenizer offers Polygon development services that create scalable, secure, and user-friendly DApps. Whether you need Polygon smart contracts, token creation, NFT development, or comprehensive blockchain solutions, we provide end-to-end services to ensure your Polygon-based project is both cutting-edge and high-performing.
3. Multichain Blockchain Development
In these days' interconnected virtual surroundings, companies should leverage multiple blockchain structures to harness the precise advantages each offers. This is wherein Multichain answers turn out to be vital. A Multichain architecture allows seamless communication and transactions among numerous blockchains, allowing information and assets to move fluidly across systems without friction.
As a blockchain era pioneer, Security Tokenizer excels in crafting Multichain blockchain development answers that unify numerous networks and enhance interoperability. Whether you're building a cross-chain DeFi platform, a steady Multichain wallet, or launching Multichain tokens, our professional crew delivers end-to-end Multichain improvement services tailor-made to your enterprise desires. We make certain your infrastructure is powerful, scalable, and destiny-prepared.
4. Enterprise Blockchain Development
The adoption of enterprise blockchain generation is swiftly accelerating, as corporations across diverse industries are seeking to optimize operations, reduce costs, and enhance transparency. Enterprise blockchain improvement empowers businesses to streamline workflows, steady sensitive records, and automate commercial enterprise processes through smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps).
As a trusted blockchain answers accomplice, Security Tokenizer a speciality of turning in modern business enterprise blockchain solutions that redefine supply chain logistics, contract management, and charge processing. Our crew offers complete services—from agency blockchain consulting and strategic planning to complete-scale business enterprise blockchain integration—ensuring easy adoption aligned with stringent security and compliance requirements.
5. Blockchain Gaming Development
Blockchain gaming is revolutionizing the traditional gaming panorama by allowing gamers to actually personal and trade virtual assets through non-fungible tokens (NFTs). This innovation empowers users to monetize in-game items—including characters, skins, and weapons—whilst developers discover new sales models, the usage of clever contracts, cryptocurrencies, and decentralized economies. With blockchain game development, the gaming experience turns into greater obvious, participant-pushed, and financially worthwhile.
As a leading innovator in blockchain gaming, Security Tokenizer focuses on complete blockchain recreation improvement services that empower studios and builders to build immersive, asset-pushed stories. Whether launching a brand new name or enhancing a current sport with blockchain capabilities, we provide complete-spectrum solutions—including NFT game improvement, play-to-earn (P2E) game development, GameFi improvement, and smart settlement integration.
Why Choose Security Tokenizer for Blockchain Development and Decentralized Solutions?
At Security Tokenizer, we collectively bring together a team of skilled blockchain professionals with extensive expertise in Solana, Polygon, Multichain solutions, enterprise systems, and blockchain gaming development. Recognizing that each enterprise has its own needs, we create custom-designed solutions perfectly aligned with your goals, ensuring your blockchain infrastructure is both efficient and tailored to your requirements. Our blockchain development services are aimed at providing secure, scalable, and innovative solutions that help businesses navigate the decentralized world with ease and success.
We prioritize safety, especially; our answers are robust and reliable, assembly enterprise requirements to safeguard your records and users. Continuously pushing the boundaries of innovation, we discover and contain the modern blockchain improvements, making sure that our solutions are modern-day and adaptable for the future.
#blockchain#solana blockchain#polycon development#enterprisesolutions#blockchain game development company#multichain blockchain
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Comprehensive Guide to Water Tanks, Portable Bathrooms, and Road Barriers in the UAE
In the rapidly developing landscape of the UAE, reliable water storage solutions, portable bathrooms, and road safety products are essential for both residential and commercial needs. This guide provides an overview of the various options available in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Al Ain, and Sharjah, highlighting top manufacturers and suppliers for each category.
Water Tanks
Water tanks play a crucial role in ensuring a consistent supply of water in homes, businesses, and construction sites. The best water tank suppliers in Al Ain offer a range of high-quality tanks, including plastic water tanks, pvc water tanks, and polyethylene tanks designed to meet local regulations. Whether you're looking for municipality-approved tanks in Al Ain or government-approved water tanks in Abu Dhabi, you'll find numerous options to suit your requirements. Prices vary based on capacity, with options like the 1000 liter water tank and the 5000 gallon water tank readily available. Leading manufacturers include Polycon, known for their durable water storage tanks, and other water tank manufacturers in the UAE that provide competitive pricing and robust options.
Portable Bathrooms
For events, construction sites, or any outdoor activities, portable restrooms and portable bathrooms are invaluable. Available in various configurations, these facilities ensure hygiene and comfort. Companies specializing in portable toilets in Abu Dhabi and portable bathroom UAE supply high-quality products suited for all occasions. Whether you require a single unit or multiple portable restrooms for larger events, there are reliable suppliers ready to meet your needs.
Road Barriers
Ensuring safety on roads is paramount, and road barriers are essential for preventing accidents and controlling traffic. In Abu Dhabi and across the UAE, there are numerous road barrier manufacturers and road barriers suppliers offering various products, including plastic road barriers and safety barriers for construction sites. Whether you need sports track barriers in Abu Dhabi or robust safety barriers in UAE, you'll find options designed for both durability and visibility. The Road Barrier Suppliers in UAE offer solutions that comply with local safety standards.
Specialized Products
In addition to standard offerings, the UAE market includes specialized products such as conical tanks, dual face pallets, and spill containment pallets. These solutions cater to specific needs, such as efficient waste management and secure transportation of materials. Leading tank manufacturers & suppliers provide both horizontal tanks and underground tanks in Abu Dhabi, ensuring that all your water storage and management needs are met.
Conclusion
Whether you're searching for water tank suppliers near me or the best plastic tank manufacturers in UAE, this guide serves as a comprehensive resource for sourcing high-quality products in the region. With a focus on safety, durability, and compliance, you can confidently choose from a wide range of options to meet your specific requirements. Explore the offerings today to find the ideal solutions for your water storage, sanitation, and road safety needs in the UAE.
#water tank Abu Dhabi#inspection chambers in uae#uae made water tank#rotolining price in uae#portable bathroom#good company for water tank#road barriers and safety barriers in abudhabi#Portable Restrooms#polycon water tank#Track Barrier in uae#water tanks#water tank manufacturers in uae#Conical Tank suppliers in AL AIN#water tank suppliers uae#Dual Face Pallets in UAE#water tank supplier in uae#horizontal tank suppliers in Al AIN#underground tank in abudhabi#water tank manufacturers#Track Barriers#portable bathroom uae#Best water tank supplier in Al AIN#water tank supplier in dubai#Road Barrier Manufacturers UAE#water tank Sharjah#Road Barriers Suppliers in UAE#water storage tank#tank for water storage in abu dhabi#water tanks dubai#Plastic tanks in UAE
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Lupine Publishers| Contact Lens Materials and Modalities

Lupine Publishers| Ophthalmology Open Access Journal
Abstract
Introduction: Past two decades have seen a steep rise in the usage of contact lenses and that brought a major revolution in the materials research, design and manufacturing technologies. This also impacted the optometrists thus influencing the patient usage, modalities and duration. The current article briefs the changes in the field of contact lenses and the changing trends.
Methods: Contact lens materials and its manufacturing, wearing modalities and changing trends in prescribing them were identified, reviewed and summarized as per the topic requirements from scientific papers, authentic articles, books and websites to cover the challenges our ancestors have faced and the solutions that were provided in the past were summarized for the reader in an easy accessible way.
Conclusion: Newer generation of contact lens materials made an average contact lens wearer comfortable by wearing lenses for longer hours without discomfort and with minimal complications. Due to the advent of newer lens materials, practitioners have been given more options for choosing a best suited lens based on specific wearer requirements and needs. In this way, newly available materials and designs make the lens wear safer and less prone to complications by shifting the patient from conventional to planned replacement lenses (PRL) and from PRL to daily disposables to ensure a healthy and safer vision.
Keywords: PMMA; Rigid Gas Permeable Lenses; HEMA; Silicone Hydrogels; Extended Wear; Flexible Wear; Daily Disposables; Multifocal Contact Lenses; Aspheric; Toric
Abbreviation: CAB: Cellulose Acetate Butyrate; RGP: Rigid Gas Permeable Lens; P-HEMA: Poly Hydroxy Ethyl Methacrylate; PVP: Poly Vinyl Pyrolidone
Introduction
Contact lenses are medical devices commonly used to correct the vision without the need of spectacles. Even though the concept was very old, till 1887, a structure similar to our today's contact lens was not made. A first contact lens like structure was made in 1887 by F. A Muller by blowing glass to make a prosthetic eye. In 1930's a first contact lens made up of glass was used which covers whole the cornea and a small part of sclera was used for vision correction making glass the first contact lens material [1]. In 1937, a material named Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) was introduced as a contact lens material which mimics todays' scleral lens of a larger diameter. In 1948, Kevin Tuohy made a contact lens called "Microlens" which covers only cornea with 10 to 12 mm diameter [1,2]. After using PMMA as a contact lens material for some time, hypoxic complications arise due to it’s very poor oxygen permeable nature after use, making.com to explore for newer lens materials. Currently, due to its zero-oxygen permeability, it is used to make diagnostic trial contact lenses instead of actual contact lenses due to its ability to retain the parameters, ease of care and maintenance [3].
Rigid Gas Permeable Lenses (RGP)
Noting the importance of Oxygen permeability, few developments were made to the material to be permeable to oxygen. In the year 1972, Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) was proposed as a material to use by Irving Fatt, later in 1978 CAB as a contact lens material got FDA approved. A term (RGP) Rigid gas permeable lens was coined and the lens made with this (CAB) material was manufactured in 1978 in United States [2,4]. In the advent of silicone usage in the medical industry, Siloxane methacrylate material was developed in 1970 by using silicone molecules bonded to methyl methacrylate structures making a contact lens more oxygen permeable [2]. Siloxane acrylates material was patented in 1974 under the name Polycon and was introduced commercially in 1979 which lead the wearing time longer than CAB due to its high oxygen permeability without showing any hypoxic changes in the cornea. However, it was observed that the siloxane acrylate lenses tend to attract more of lipid and less of protein deposits on the lens surface, making the care and regime of newer RGP lens materials different than the previous lens. These deposits lead to lesser lens life than the previous lenses [2].
"Boston" a contact lens material manufacturing company started to develop working towards parameters like oxygen permeability, strength and deposit resistance for improved lens on eye performance since 1972. Elements Fluorine and Carbon were used in specific proportions to synthesize Fluoro-siloxane acrylates and Fluorocarbon acrylates were found effective in controlling the lipid deposits to occur on the lens surface with increased oxygen permeability. These materials still stand good in terms of availability, deposit resistance with good oxygen permeability [5]. Addition of Silicone, Fluorine and Carbon with appropriate amounts made it possible to achieve highest levels of oxygen permeability ever, leading to continuous wear, flexible wear and extended wear modalities possible. During this period in 1987, Fluoro-silicone acrylate material was made available [6]. Due to changing trends in the contact lens market and due to innovations in soft contact lens materials, there is a constant and a sharp decline in the RGP wearers that was observed in the past two decades due to the comfort achieved by soft contact lenses [7].
Silicone Elastomer
In 1956, Silicone elastomer material was developed by Walter Becker which has a highest ever oxygen permeability which is more flexible than RGP lenses, making the contact lens industry to explore newer ways of improvising the lens material in terms of flexibility But, for a product to manufacture out of silicone elastomer was not possible at that time due to its flexible nature, poor wettability and the material adheres to the cornea(suction). Later in 1981 a lens made up of silicone elastomer material was commercialized for correcting children to use as an overnight wear lens due to its exceedingly high oxygen permeability. This material got approved for 30 day continuous wear for non-aphakic prescriptions in 1983 making it the first extended wear lens to be produced [6,8]. Till now these elastomer lenses are available as a mode of correction for aphakia (congenital and acquired) cases mostly in children [9]. The only drawback with these lenses is the brittleness of the material and affinity to attract lipid deposits, making its usage declined in this decade [6,8].
Soft Contact Lens (Hydrogels)
Progress in contact lens materials was extremely rapid and the market equations of using RGP lenses were quickly changed after the development of Poly hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (P-HEMA) as a lens material in 1963 by Otto Wichterle. This material coined a new term called "soft contact lens" due to its soft and flexible nature. The lens made with HEMA was available in 1971 as a commercial product [2,6]. The usage of HEMA as a lens material in the current contact lens market still holds good. After the invention of HEMA as a hydrogel material, the comfort obtained by a wearer lead the path for a term called intermittent contact lens wear, which is not possible with RGP due to the discomfort it caused to an average wearer. However, the water content which is the only source of oxygen transmission through the hydrogel lens was too less when compared to RGP lenses due to their movement and tear exchange. There is a need for a diverse care and regime to be followed to soft contact lens wearers for which different contact lens solutions were devised to clean, rinse, disinfect, and hydrate and to store these lenses.
Due to limitation of water content and oxygen permeability in hydrogel lenses, there were diverse complications that were seen in the soft contact lens users and the users due to the comfort of the lenses, tend to sleep with the lenses on the cornea making the condition more worsen [10]. Observing these diverse ocular changes, few of the traditional RGP practitioners were reluctant to shift their practice and keep on dispensing RGP lenses only [11]. As there is a limitation in increasing the water content that we achieve with hydrogel lenses, scientists started to explore new ways to increase the oxygen passing through the lens which can enable the wearer to achieve better comfort lens with lesser complications [12]. Concept of Disposable soft contact lenses came into the field in 1985-1986 as the increasing complications can be counteracted by discarding the lenses before the deposits on the lens surface become sufficient enough to create problems like discomfort, bulbar conjunctival redness, allergic reactions in the upper tarsal conjunctiva and lack of oxygen supply due to deposits [13]. Gradually, frequent replacement lenses were so frequently replaced due to increasing in water content of the lenses that there is a need for a modality termed Daily disposable lenses in 1994-1995 to ensure maximum comfort and good ocular health with no requirement of care and maintenance which is a boon for existing, new contact lens wear. As the production need to meet the consumer needs a new manufacturing method called cast moulding turned the disposable modality a practically possible reality [2,14].
Even now, majority of the contact lens market share in developing countries is still contributing to Hydrogel lenses where as in developed countries, majority of the population is using silicone hydrogels and daily disposable hydrogel lenses for their visual needs [15-17]. In this stage, Silicone elastomers were more easily available and used in the market as a commercial product leading the materials science experts to turn their vision towards it. This change made them to think and combine the silicone with hydrogel lenses which set a stage for the generation of silicone hydrogels. The first silicone hydrogel lens was marketed in 2002 [2,9].
Silicone Hydrogels
In soft contact lenses the silicone material is incorporated based on the skeletal structures of classical hydrogel materials like HEMA and thereby making it a better lens material by incorporating:
a) OH groups for increasing the bound water content of the lens materials [18]
b) Materials like polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) for improving the wettability of the lenses [18]
Due to the innovation of Silicone hydrogel contact lenses, high oxygen transmissibility is made possible, hence by minimizing corneal hypoxia changes that include corneal oedema, Descemet’s membrane folds, microcysts, limbal hyperaemia and neovascularisation [19]. There are a few patient related .difficulties with these new lenses due to increased stiffness than existing hydrogels, hydrophobic nature and more attraction of lipid deposits. So, there is a need for a better and improved materials and designs making them readily acceptable by the patient [9]. In 2010, Custom made silicone hydrogel lenses are made available in the market [20]. In case of Silicone hydrogel lenses, these inventions can be technically classified into three phases in which the lens materials are synthesized by not only decreasing the stiffness of the lens material, but also by increasing the wettability and water content to a desired level for enhancing the comfort level of silicone hydrogel wearer equal to that achieved by a hydrogel contact lens wearer [18,19,21,22].
Developments in Silicone Hydrogel Materials
Table 1: First generation lenses.
1. Good Dk
2. Slightly stiffer
3. Deposit prone surface
4. Decreased Wettability
Table 2: Second generation lenses
b) Properties (Table 2)
2. Flexible lens material
1. Improved wettability
c) Properties (Table 3)
Table 3: Third generation lenses.
1. Better Water content
2. Decrease stiffness
3. It is a Breakthrough technology, which redefines the soft contact lens relationship between Dk and water content by having a higher Dk than water content predicts!
Contact lens advancements in the Future
a) Myopia control contact lenses are very soon going to be available in Asian countries where Myopia is more prevalent.
b) Aberrometers values combined with prescription can help customize the correction to a personalized contact lens manufacturing is possible soon [23].
c) A Multifocal design of contact lens which can have an autofocus capability near the pupillary centres of the eyes using fluid dynamics can be manufactured and fitted which can help.com gain complete visual satisfaction to the wearer [23].
d) Health monitoring systems embedded in the form of a computer chip in contact lenses will help.com plan our diet and treatment plan based on the parameters like blood sugar level, intraocular pressure [24].
e) The use of LCD crystals in the bulk of a silicone hydrogel lens can help.com to use virtual projection; digital screens in the near future will aim for [23].
f) In Contact lens materials, even though the penetration of silicone hydrogels in the current market is low, majority of the market share will shift using this material due to its break thought the invention of improved oxygen permeability, it can retain their share well in the markets in the future [17,23].
g) Improvements like anti bacterial coating on contact lenses are giving promising results which can help use them for extended wear without any worry of infections. Possibilities for making a Photo chromatic contact lenses are explored and will be achieved soon [25-29].
Modality
Silicone hydrogels will take the majority of the market and will exist even in future. Mostly the contact lenses have a freedom to wear and remove easily whenever we want and where ever you want [30-34].
Conclusion
Contact lenses have an exponential growth in material development, design and production in the last two decades.Newer technologies in the coming years can help.com make a more productive, versatile, comfortable and safer wearing lenses for the coming generations ahead [35-39].
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OitNB Character Updates
Ready to binge the new season of Orange is the New Black but dont want to binge the last season to remember where at your favorite characters are at?
Under the Read More there is updates on where most of the characters left off in the last season. I divided them based on which cell block they’re in when they were in minimum. Also there’s a section on the COs and staff.
Not everyone is covered, specifically none of the new characters we met this season, but I think I covered the majority of them! Also forgive any mistakes; I tried to do my research but any mistakes pointed out will be updated! Enjoy!
‘The Suburbs’ Inmates
Piper Chapman: She’s out of here! After finally getting prison married to Alex in a beautiful ceremony, Piper has gained early release. Cal came to pick her up from prison and brought her back to his home where Neri is making something with chard. She is last seen in Cal’s car, with him asking her what she’s going to do now.
Alex Vause: Alex made a deal with the devil, or more specifically Carol, to get Badison to stop trying to steal Piper’s date. In exchange, Alex would be on Carol’s crew. No clue how things are going to change now that Carol and Barb are dead. She put in an application to law school but got rejected. She is last seen out in the yard playing kickball.
Galina “Red” Reznikov: Red’s been recovering from a rough last season. She got 10 years added on to her sentence for being a riot instigator, after being named by Piper, Freida and Nicky. Thus begins her revenge scheme against Freida. She gets frustrated with Carol because Carol is more focused on inter-block fighting than getting Frieda. Eventually, Red’s family came to visit her with the grandkids for the first time in years but she ruins it by trying to choke out Frieda and gets sent to the SHU. She is last seen joking with Gloria in the SHU.
Tiffany Doggett: After leaving Donuts in the woods, she turns herself back in. She gets to join the ladies in B-Block (”Florida”) after making a deal with Linda. While in Florida she gets close with Suzanne and tries to get her to be more social. She convinced Suzanne to join the kickball team and go out to the yard to play. She is last seen playing kickball outside.
Nicky Nichols: Nicky named Red as an instigator of the riot in order to get out of drug charges (since she took over minimum’s pharmacy during the riot). Red forgave her, however, because she was upfront about it unlike others. Nicky joins Barb’s crew, but she tries to be the voice of reason and peace. Once the moment of the attack happens, she convinces the D-Block girls not to fight. She is last seen playing kickball outside.
Lorna Morello Muccio: Lorna got fully into gang warfare this season but then realized how stupid it was after Piper and Alex’s wedding. Nicky has her hide in a closet in the laundry room so she won’t have to go to the bloodbath of kickball, but Lorna goes into surprise labor. She is last seen in agony being dragged to medical by one of the guards, with blood between her legs.
Frieda Berlin: Been in hiding in B-Block. Super paranoid since Carol, Barb and Red are all after her. Crazy Eyes was acting as her bodyguard, but Frieda told Suzanne that she wasn’t her friend and pushed her away. She was last seen in her cell, smiling and eating a pudding cup.
“The Ghetto” Inmates
Tasha “Taystee” Jefferson: After pleading guilty of being a riot instigator, she went on trial for the murder of Piscatella and was found guilty. She is last seen re-entering into Litchfield, but it is unconfirmed what the sentence will be for the crime. There’s a worry it may be the death penalty, but it’s “extremely rare”.
Cindy “Tova” Hayes: Cindy deals with a lot of guilt because she testified against Taystee, in exchange for immunity for riot charges. After talking with Flaca, she realizes she needs to move on. She is last seen acting as an announcer for the kickball game.
Suzanne “Crazy Eyes” Warren: Suzanne was put in B-Block and develops a close relationship with Frieda and Pennsatucky. She struggled with going out into the yard for fear of the gang war, but ends up joining the kickball team. She is last seen on the field playing kickball.
Sophia Burset: Ends up in B-Block. She decides not to sue FCC since they bribed her with a whole lot of money and early release. She is last seen reuniting with her wife on the outside.
“Spanish Harlem” Inmates
Gloria Mendoza: Gloria got no extra time for the riot, but told the investigators that it was Maria who instigated it. She doesn’t like all this gang warfare, and tries to tell Luschek so he will stop it. Instead, she finds out about Fantasy Inmate and threatens Alvarez to tell everyone about it, so he sends her to the SHU. She is last seen talking with Red in the SHU.
Aleida Diaz: Aleida is currently worried because Daya is getting hooked on the drugs she and Hopper are sneaking in. She eventually decides to give up on Daya in order to save her other kids. It’s unclear if she and Hopper are actually romantically together, or just together until she can get enough money to get her kids back.
Marisol “Flaca” Gonzalez: She is working as the radio DJ for the prison. She and Tova become very close as co-DJs, but she still misses Maritza. She is last seen acting as the announcer for the kickball game.
Dayanara “Daya” Diaz: Daya took a plea for murdering CO Humps. She is assigned to C-Block and starts dating/hooking up with Daddy. She eventually starts to take drugs, initially for the pain of being beaten by guards but then because she becomes addicted. She is last seen in the yard playing kickball.
Maria Ruiz: Maria is still struggling with everything that happened in the last season. She tries to turn to religion, but realizes that no one still forgives her for what happened in the riot so she joins the gang life. Eventually after a talk with the Mormon guard, she realizes she can still be a good person. She gets McCullough to make everyone choose kickball teams so the teams are mixed. She is last seen on the yard playing kickball.
Blanca Flores: Blanca tells the investigators that Maria instigated the riot, in exchange for immunity for riot charges. She learns she’s running out of time to have a baby, so she tries to sneak some of Diablo’s sperm into the prison to get prison. It doesn’t work, but she learns she is getting early release. On the day of the release, she doesn’t leave the prison but is instead put back in cuffs by Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Poor Diablo is left waiting outside of the prison, flowers in hand.
Management/CO’s
Joe Caputo: After the riot, he was put on leave and ran out of things to do. He tried to get his warden position back, but is transferred to Missouri. While packing to move, he starts to get close and invested in Taystee’s case and begins to work with other inmates to file suit against MCC, which causes him to be fired. During all of this, he is strengthening his relationship with Natalie Figueroa. He follows the case and even investigates the CERT team leader who, unbeknownst to him, covered up Piscatella’s murder. Once Taystee is found guilty, he confronts the man who punches him in the nose. He then goes to an MCC party and reunited with Fig. He is last seen getting taken care of by Fig.
Natalie “Fig” Figueroa: Fig finally admits that she is Joe’s girlfriend in this season, while still appearing in public with her gay husband for appearances. She fights with Joe about how he is so interested in the female prisoners even though they have done nothing for him. She is last seen taking care of Joe, who was punched in the nose.
Linda Ferguson: As the new senior vice president of MCC, Linda seems to have learned nothing of her time in the riot and how terribly inmates are treated. She talks about stuffing as many inmates as possible into a prison, uses bribes to stop a lawsuit and makes a completely fake commercial promoting MCC (now PolyCon). She is last seen announcing to a bunch of fancy rich people that the newest moneymaker is in immigration detention centers.
Sam Healy: Healy meets with Caputo at the beginning of the season. He is out of the psychiatric hospital, and now much more mellow. He tells Caputo that he needs to move on from the riot and put Litchfield behind him.
Joel Luschek: While at Max, Luschek becomes commissioner of the Fantasy Inmate team, as well as running the rec class. While teaching rec he gets close to Gloria. Throughout the season Luschek seems to really just not care about anything. He feels guilty that Gloria was put in the SHU after finding his Fantasy Inmate score sheets. He is last seen in a DeLorean (he’s collecting Back to the Future merch) driving away scared that the kickball game will end in a bloodbath.
Artesian McCullough: McCullough is really having a tough time with what happened in the prison. She’s struggling with anxiety, paranoia, insomnia and depression. She snaps at inmates sometimes, and whenever she loses control she is seen putting out lighted cigarettes on her thighs as a form of self-harm. At the kickball game, when Maria tries to put a stop to the bloodbath, McCullough trusts her and seems to slightly get over her fear of inmates.
Charlie “Donuts” Coates: Coates tried to make it work with Pennsatucky on the outside and wants them to escape to Canada, where they can hide out. She ends up leaving him because of his violent nature. He is last seen sleeping in a forest.
Lee Dixon: Dixon joins Coates on his road trip because he thinks Coates is suicidal. Once it is revealed that Pennsatucky is there as well, he actually accepts it and joins them at an amusement park. Once a warrant is put out for her arrest, Dixon leaves. He returns to Max as a CO. He still holds resentment towards some of the inmates for the riot. He agrees with another guard saying that the inmates are animals, but says that “there are some good ones”.
Ryder Blake: Blake returns to Max as a CO, and gets involved in Fantasy Inmate. At the opening party, he smokes pot, eventually saying “What if Joseph Smith made it all up?” After the party he drops out of Fantasy Inmate. He gets close with Maria and works with her through her anger and helps her grow in her religion. He is last seen helping Lorna to medical.
Locations of Others Not Mentioned
Unknown: Miss Claudette, Stella Carlin, Allison Abdullah, Janae Watson, Brook Soso, Maritza Ramos, Mei Chang, Brandy Epps
Inmates Transferred to MCC Cleveland: Norma Romano, Gina Murphy, Yoga Jones, Anita DeMarco, Big Boo, Leanne Taylor, Angie Rice, Shelly Ginsberg, Stephanie Hapakuka, Kasey Sankey, Brandy Epps, Skinhead Helen, Carmen “Ouija” Aziza
Released: Jane Ingalls (compassionate release), Judy King
Psych: Lolly Whitehill
Deceased: Poussey Washington, Maureen Kukudio, Miss Rosa Cisneros, Tricia Miller
#orange is the new black#oitnb#piper chapman#alex vause#galina reznikov#red#red reznikov#tiffany doggett#Pennsatucky#nicky nichols#lorna morello#lorna morello muccio#lorna muccio#frieda berlin#tasha jefferson#taystee#taystee jefferson#black cindy#tova#cindy hayes#sophia burset#judy king#gloria mendoza#aleida diaz#flaca gonzalez#marisol gonzalez#flaritza#dayanara diaz#daya diaz#maria ruiz
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Farewell OITNB - The Good, the Bad, and the Dirty
So... Orange is the New Black ended. I binge watched the last season in 2 days, and I’ve got some thoughts. The last season was def better than we had ben getting for the past couple of years.
Beware spoilers ahead:
The Good
This season was definitely better than... IDK everything after season 5? One of the main issues of OITNB had, as the show progressed, was the writers addiction with throwing new characters into the mix, and although that makes sense in context, it’s a bad practice for a show.
I watched Chernobyl after it came out, and one of the characters, Ulana Khomyukl, is not based on a real person, but a group of people that actually existed and helped Valery Alekseyevich Legasov. Though being mentioned by named would have honored the real people, her character worked perfectly for a show. You can’t have a huge cast, not only because you don’t have enough screen time to showcase all of them and present them as 3D characters, but also because it will detract from the show’s substance.
Well, rest assured that the writers of OITNB didn’t make that mistake, they dialed back to the most of the OG cast to properly give them a send off (Taystee, Crazy Eyes, Piper, Alex, Nicky, Red, Lorna, Cindy, Daya, Aleida, Gloria, Flaca, María, Dogget, Caputo, and Figeroa), while also giving the better of the newest addition a coherent plot line ( Artesian McCullough, Tamika Ward, Karla, and Joel Luschek to some extent).
Though I have a section at the end for how I personally feel about each character’s story lines, I have to say Taystee’s, Caputo’s, and Nicky’s storylines are the best of the season. T and Mr. Caputo’s stories are interlinked, specially with Ward’s, but they retained the original message of the show: the penitentiary system is broken, fucked up, and it hurts people (+ it makes corporations money, thanks to season 4 onward).
I AM SO HAPPY THEY GOT RID OF BADDISON SO EARLY, I HATED HER GUTS. Part of the biggest clean up efforts from the writers, was getting rid of people who would interfere with a clean and tight end, which included killing Daddy off (I’m so sorry for her), beating the shit out of the most unanimously hated additions of season 6 and throwing her off, and giving most of Max’s characters a secondary role or a background role (let’s be honest Adeola should running the gang).
Huge thanks to Larry for doing something right in his life: he is correct about Piper, it’s almost as if the writers were aware of how the audience views Piper.
Though some storylines hit you in the gut, they do stay believable. A happy ending for everyone was not only impossible, but incoherent with the type of story they were telling. I do have to say I’m not happy about a couple, but we’ll get to that later. (See The Bad and The Dirty section).
You got 3 main story lines:
Ice: This includes the storylines for most of the Latin American characters (Gloria, Flaca, Maritza, Blanca), Fig, n Nicky. You can find my thoughts in The Dirty Section.
The broken penitentiary system: which includes Caputo, Taystee, Dogget, Suzzane, Piper, Ward, and Lorna. I believe this is the overall main theme of the show and the one which was developed the best and most believable. On one hand you have the people who have their hands tied and still try to do the best: Caputo (who gets some small victories, but loses everything because of #MeToo), Ward (who did her best, but wasn’t enough against the corrupt system and the capitalist philosophy that runs the company), Tayste (who got life even though she’s innocent, and never got justice for her friend, but found a way to move forward), Dogget (who was part of the circle of poverty and abuse, never got rehabilitated [which should be the purpose of prison] and killed herself after being berated again), Suzzane (who got locked in prison, though she didn’t belong there), Piper (through her parole experience), and Lorna (who never got the help she needed.
The Diaz Family: Daya, Aleida, Taystee, and Dogget to some extent.
I am so happy about the Poussey fund, and that it exist in real life. One of the things this show has done is show light on a lot of issues in the penitentiary system to people who really don’t care about it, or are ignorant about it. I hope this show has more impact than the fund. I hope it actually gives purpose to new activists, but that’s just wishful thinking.
This show peaked in season 2, but I feel comfortable, and satisfied with the overall ending of the show. Also, the cast is amazing. I hope they do great things in the future.
The Bad
Hey, u know what could really be fucked up? Yo-yoing with Taystee’s life for an entire season. I hated how the show painfully elongated her decision regarding suicide. It felt like the show was purposefully hoping to tug at your heart, and during her 2nd round of goodbyes I was like ‘either kill her already or let her be’, it really pissed me off. I understand that she was put in a horrible spot, but narratively, it felt like a cheap writing ploy to get you hooked.
Here I am, still hoping the most disgusting guards get fucking sent to prison, but of course that never happens. I didn’t like Pornstache little moment at the end, I don’t care if he’s not harassing more women any more, he is just like Barney from HIMYM in a way: hey I have a daughter now! I get it! WOMEN ARE PEOPLE. It just sends a bad message, and it actually doesn’t show them viewing women as people, because they are probably one of those hyper protective fathers who are just a residue of the ‘women are property’ ideology that men have with their daughters. They will assume every man is like they were, and they will hate when some guy ‘takes their princess away from them’. Also, Hellman can fuck off. I hated him.
McCullough and Daya are the top tier worst decision makers. I don’t like where the story took these characters, and I hate the writers trying to justify it. McCullough had the chance to make the right call and she didn’t why? Hey, have a flashback that actually connects with reality but feels like a justification. Daya’s life has always been a fuck up, but boi did they need a villain this season.
Why did they completely dropped Maritza like that? People have been saying it’s because the actress is super busy, but man. Give me 1 epilogue scene. Hell, even that lady that help Blanca in the ICE detention center got one!
Also, I watched some moments of season 1 and 2, and boy was this season not funny at all. RIP to the casting as well, the flashbacks weren’t that impactful when the character is supposed to be younger but it’s played by the same actor. Remember the earlier seasons?
The Dirty
Okay, I’m gonna say, I’m not 100% into the ICE storyline. It’s brutal, it has things directly taken from real life, but it also feels like a writer’s shock value wet dream. Instead of showing the horrible and unsanitary way women, men, and children are kept, apparently PolyCon, or whatever the company’s name is, actually has more ‘humane’ concentration camps. And yeah I’m calling them for what they are.
One one hand, the stories are realistic: Blanca, who gets fucked over, but it’s able to get a happy ending thanks for the help of her old and new friends; Shani, who get’s fucked over and sent back to a place where they will kill her; Karla who gets separated from her children, even though they have nobody in the US; Maritza, who didn’t know she wasn’t a citizen; the lady who got fucking raped entering this country.
The whole ICE won’t let you get an abortion because they ‘care about life’ it’s like poetry, and real. The abortion debate is one the show kinda low key tackled, but nothing was better than that line.
FUCK ICE AND EVERYTHING IT STANDS FOR. FUCK EVERY EMPLOYEE AND PERSON WHO LETS THAT HAPPEN.
The #MeToo movement. Hey, do you remember when they killed Poussey, and how that was supposed to be a Black Lives Matters reference? But remember how the guard that killed her didn't actually represent any of the people who really present a threat to actual black people in real life? Boi, did they fuck up there.
Here it’s the same, well kind of, this is why this is in The Dirty section and not The Bad section: Caputo learned from it, and realized he did wrong. However, isn’t it kind of ridiculous how we’ve been shown actual monsters: rapists, abusers and people who harass in other staff members, but the one who got hit was the one the audience is more empathic towards? Couldn’t you have picked Hellsman, Pornstache, McCullough, or some of the previous guards?
‘I mean, he fucked up, but he’s not one of the bad ones.’
I know it was one of the final rectifying moments for Caputo, but are all the #MeToo jokes a little daft at times, specially considering what Dogget had to go through.
Character focused thoughts:
Piper - Imma be honest with you. I never liked Piper. However, her storyline for the season is completely in character and relevant. It shows the hardships of life after prison (though we've seen that before), and how fucking selfish and idiotic Piper is. Bless her parole officer, she told her how much of an idiot she is. Forgive me, but I don’t like her ending up with Alex. Zelda was the healthier choice, but it makes sense for Piper to choose Alex. God, I’m so glad I don’t have to deal with her ever again. Though it’s true that her family was all repression and that conditioned her, after 6 seasons, you’d think she’d have learned her lesson how fucking privileged she is, but no. She’s still an idiot, I don’t care if she ‘got better’, she still choose Alex.
Alex - I feel bad for her. She’s got a lot of insecurities, issues, and she never learned how to deal with them. She fucked an officer the first chance she had. Her relationship with Piper will always be toxic, I’m sorry guys, but they are both deeply unstable. I’m happy she didn’t become Hellman’s victim, that was awful. I’m happy she's in Ohio. It’s safer for her that way, and she has friends.
Nicky - My girl, did they do you dirty. Though on one side I’m happy she took the mantle of ‘Mother Hen’, taking Red’s old role and showing how much she developed as a person and a character, I’m so sad that she lost her mother, her best friend, and her new love all in one season. She’s strong, the ending proves that, but I’m so sad she’s alone. I’m so sad that she believe she had done wrong to her family, but I’m happy she took Red’s advice, Lorna was too much. Regarding her plot line with Shani. I’m devastated. It was so cute, so honest, and caring. They deserved to be happy. This storyline shows you (in case you didn't know) how much of a good person Nicky is. I love you girl, I wish you the best.
Red - Another person that got fucked over. I am angry that this ‘dementia’ ending came out of nowhere. Am I dumb? Was it foreshadowed??? One one hand, there’s some people prefer this since it gives Red a peaceful ending. Her anger and bitterness will be gone, and she will have a peaceful death. On the other hand, Red will die not Red. She will disappear, and that’s just fucking dirty. I think this type of illness is tragic, and so painful to the person and to the people that love them. Thanks, I hate it.
Lorna - Is anyone else angry that her racism and her islamophobia gets a hard pass this season for some cheap laughs? Lorna loses her son, her marriage, and we get a flashback of her disassociating and some of a background story of why she’s so hyper-fixated in marriage and children, but still that doesn’t change how sad it is to see her this far gone. From the moment you see Vinnie, you know that’s not going to end up well, or at least it’s what I thought. Lorna is unstable, and she never got or will get the psychological help she needed. But worse than that, they took everything from her, and left her like a shell of who she was. Her racism doesn’t get a pass though. It’s shameful that a child of immigrants would act that way, specially knowing the shit situation Shani is going through. Though the show tries to pass it off as ‘jealousy’ it was completely dehumanizing, and it never gets addressed. Nicky never stands up for Shani and puts Lorna in her place. Shame on the writers.
Daya - Ok, Daya has been ‘how to fuck up 101′, but originally, her story was sad, and you rooted for her. Her family was fucked up, the cycle of poverty, the toxic environment, her abusive mother and stepfather explained a lot about her. However, Daya’s only good choice in the show was give her baby over to Pornstache’s mom, other than that it has been bad choice after bad choice. If you thought getting addicted to drugs was a bad look for her, becoming a drug lord is worse. I still think Adeola was a better pick for gang leader, but the show runners had to do something for Daya. I thought they were gonna set up a new Carol and Barb relationship with Daya and her mother, but that was not the case (actually, Carol and Barb never get mentioned, which is weird). I really hope Aleida killed her in the end. She spent her whole life complaining about her mother, and she became someone worse than her. Pulling your younger sister into the shithole with you? Low. VERY LOW.
Aleida - We all hated you. In fact, despite some good deeds, you’re still trash. Aleida is an abuser, a cheater, and a liar. She can use the whole ‘providing for the family’ bullshit excuse like Walter White all she likes, but you can’t dismiss her pathological need to do illegal things and get it on with the worse men she could possibly find. Her flashback regarding her mother explains a lot about her childhood, and how an abusive and toxic environment can create more toxic and abusive people, but Aleida didn’t get better, Aleida continued the path she hated. She may have told her other to ‘fuck off’, but she became her. No, she never became the pimp of her children, you got to give her credit for that, but Aleida realized she was a bad mother, and still chose the easy road. I really hope she killed Daya. It’s not going to fix things, but GOD I NEED THAT.
Flaca - I’m happy were she ended. Though her character was always comedy relief, her relationship with Gloria and her time in ICE gave her a purpose. I hope she continues helping those woman, and becomes the new Gloria of her generation. I’m sad she didn’t truly get reunited with her best friend. Show Clitvak hell, girl.
Maritza - I’m so sorry, baby. You deserved better, but your storyline is realistic, and there was no other way it could’ve ended. I wish we could’ve seen an epilogue scene with her. After all, she got sent to Colombia, where she knows no one. All because of a fucking piece of paper and a lying mother. ICE is so fucked up.
Gloria - I’m so happy she got released. Luschek can suck a huge dick, the least she could’ve done for her was let her have her happy ending. I feel a little cheated about her two elder daughters reveal, but I’m happy that after all she went through, she gets to be with her family. Of course Gloria would help the women in the ICE facilities, of course she would risk her freedom and happiness for other mothers. She made naive and bad choices in men, in economic tactics, but in the end, she redeemed herself and became a different person. I will forever be happy about the ending she got.
María - She’s a mixed bag. At first she’s like Daya, her love story with Yadriel made us all cry, and we all felt sad when he took Peppa away. However, turn’s out María is a cheater, Yadriel is high likely not Peppa’s bio dad and she never had the courage to tell him. I didn’t like her ‘bad girl’ phase, but I’m happy in this season she actually get rehabilitated. Caputo’s program made her realize she’s not just a victim, but rather a perpetrator as well. I know she’s not the best person, but she’s making a try. I hope she gets to be with Peppa when she gets out. I’m happy that she let Yadriel be happy, but then again, she was kinda a dick to Gloria until the last minute, sot here’s that bitter realistic flavor in your mouth.
Blanca - Honey, you are the person who deserved a happy ending the most. Though Season 6 fucked you over, you were blessed with Karla and things went your way for once. I can’t believe she got sent to prison for covering up for that fucking old lady. Blanca is a model, she went through hell when in ICE, she almost lost Diablo for good, and was in a very dark place before Maritza showed up. Though Maritza gave her her heart back, she was dumb enough to get a high over the phone number. SIGH. You deserved to be with Diablo, and though we don’t know how he got released, I’m happy she’s happy.
Taystee - I hated the yo-yoing regarding her suicidal thoughts. She wasn't going to get a happy ending. The system is broken and she’s another victim of it, but I’m happy she has an end goal, and she’s doing what she does best: finances, advice, and teaching. She got the best believable ending she could’ve gotten, and I love the fact that she’s there with Suzzane. She’s one of my favorite characters, and I’m happy she didn’t die.
Suzzane - I’m kinda mad they veered into Suzzane’s trial and conviction at the beginning, how they set up this conflict with justice and the system though her eyes, and then dropped it off for some comedic chickens. She doesn’t belong were she is, and her parents should do something about that, but that’s never going to happen. She has matured, and though she’s lost a lot, chicken therapy actually helped her, and she has a very good friend who will stay by her side till the end. I’m happy where she ended, and I hope she is still as bright in the future.
Cindy - Boy, Cindy. I kinda hated you after what you did yo Taystee, and though I have to say, she was put in a tight spot, I’m actually happy for her. From being comedic relief, to finding herself and her religion, to actually owning up to her mistakes. Cindy has grown a lot. I’m happy she will try to make her up to her mom and her daughter, I’m kind of sad she’s homeless. Wouldn’t that break her parole?
Dogget - She deserved better. We can all agree on that. Dogget was abused her whole life, by her mother, by her father, by her peers, by the men she liked. She killed people, became violent, and delved into drugs, but after 6 seasons she had sown so much development. I miss her moments with Boo, though I enjoyed her relationship with Suzzane. Nothing makes me sadder than Crazy Eyes placing and egg on her pillow after she has passed away. Like many inmates, Dogged could’ve been rehabilitated, and the system failed her. She never got her justice, and her rapist is still out there, free. She was made feel like shit by everyone, always, and though having her relapse is cheap, especially after all this time, it’s not unrealistic. That doesn’t change the fact that she deserved better.
Ward - She was too good for this world. From not being emphatic to the inmates to re-establishing her friendship with Taytee, Ward changed a lot. I hope she continues doing good for inmates as an activist. I’m sorry you never had a real chance.
Caputo - And the big bad man, became a ray of hope, a bastion of a redemption arc. He found a calling, love, and now a family. Joe, the ‘nice guy’ who got fucked by life and began to reset it, actually found the light after connecting with the inmates he was supposed to help. Caputo ay be the best written character in the show. I’m not a 100% happy with the #MeToo aspect, but that was the last learning chapter for him. I hope he finds a job, and he’s able to continue growing as a person. He’s going to be a great father.
Figeroa - Who could’ve guessed we’d stan the devil? It’s amazing how all it took was ICE for Figeroa to realize how fucked up the world is. I’m happy she’s deciding to adopt, and though I’m not sure if she’s going to be the best mother, she has grown a lot. I hope she helps people like she helped that woman at ICE. Thank you for not brining another kid to this fucked up world. You’re doing great Natalie.
Shani - She deserved better. Though a FGM storyline for a muslim is kinda stereotypical and awful. I’m glad the show actually tackled it through her relationship with Nicky. I’m so saddened by her ending, but then again, it was obvious from the begging. I’m so fucking angry and sad.
Karla - What was that epilogue for? Do you want me to hate life more? Karla might have the most realistic story out of everyone in ICE. Shit’s so fucked up, that ending scene was not needed. She deserves to reunite with her children, they couldn’t have ask for a better and smarter mother.
Luschek - Fuck him. His last act towards Gloria doesn’t redeem him. He fucked over every inmate who ever trusted him. His selfish, destructive, and toxic. He can rot in hell.
Anyways, I’m too typed out.
I overall give OITNB as a series a 5/10.
You have a very interesting concept with an amazing cast and characters that falls short to cheap writing and some terrible decisions from the producers.
I hope everyone in the cast continues to be amazing, and I hope more stories like this one are actually written.
I hope Netflix cancels 13 reasons why. Goodbye.
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Plastic Bottles & Containers Market Global Industry Size and Growth Opportunities With Region 2021- 2027
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1 Industrial Chain Overview 1.1 Plastic Bottles & Containers Industry 1.1.1 Overview Figure Plastic Bottles & Containers Picture List 1.1.2 Characteristics of Plastic Bottles & Containers 1.2 Upstream 1.2.1 Major Materials 1.2.2 Manufacturing Overview 1.3 Product List By Device 1.3.1 Tabletop Pitcher 1.3.2 Faucet-Mounted 1.3.3 Countertop 1.3.4 Under-the-sink 1.4 Product List By Technology 1.5 End-Use List 1.5.1 Demand in Residential 1.5.2 Demand in Non-Residential 1.6 Global Market Overview 1.6.1 Global Market Size and Forecast, 2017-2027 Figure Global Market Size and Forecast with Growth Rate, 2017-2027 1.6.2 Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with CAGR, 2017-2027 Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with Growth Rate, 2017-2027 1.6.3 Global Market Size and Forecast by Product Type with CAGR, 2017-2027 Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Device with Growth Rate, 2017-2027 Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Technology with Growth Rate, 2017-2027 1.6.4 Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with CAGR, 2017-2027 Table Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
2 Global Production & Consumption by Geography
2.1 Global Production & Consumption 2.1.1 Global Production Figure Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume Table Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume Figure Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD Table Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD 2.1.2 Global Consumption Figure Global Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume Table Global Market Volume and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD Table Global Market Amount and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD 2.2 Geographic Production & Consumption 2.2.1 Production 2.2.1.1 Asia-Pacific Figure Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume Table Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume Figure Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD Table Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD 2.2.1.2 North America Figure North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume Table North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume Figure North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD Table North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD 2.2.1.3 South America Figure South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume Table South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume Figure South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD Table South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD 2.2.1.4 Europe Figure Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume Table Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume Figure Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD Table Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD 2.2.1.5 Middle East & Africa Figure Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume Table Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume Figure Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD Table Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD 2.2.2 Consumption 2.2.2.1 Asia-Pacific Figure Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume Table Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume Figure Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD Table Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD 2.2.2.2 North America Figure North America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume Table North America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume Figure North America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD Table North America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD 2.2.2.3 South America Figure South America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume Table South America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume Figure South America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD Table South America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD 2.2.2.4 Europe Figure Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume Figure Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD Table Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD 2.2.2.5 Middle East & Africa Figure Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume Table Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume Figure Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD Table Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD 3 Major Manufacturers Introduction
…
… 7 Market Forecast & Trend 7.1 Regional Forecast Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Volume 7.2 Consumption Forecast 7.2.1 Product Type Forecast by Device Table Global Market Amount by Device Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD Table Global Market Volume by Device Segment 2022-2027, in Volume 7.2.2 Product Type Forecast by Technology 7.2.3 End-Use Forecast Table Global Market Amount by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD Table Global Market Volume by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Volume 7.3 Investment Trend 7.4 Consumption Trend 8 Price & Channel 8.1 Price and Cost 8.1.1 Price 8.1.2 Cost Figure Cost Component Ratio 8.2 Channel Segment 9 Market Drivers & Investment Environment 9.1 Market Drivers 9.2 Investment Environment 9.3 Impact of Coronavirus on the Plastic Bottles & Containers Industry 9.3.1 Impact on Industry Upstream 9.3.2 Impact on Industry Downstream 9.3.3 Impact on Industry Channels 9.3.4 Impact on Industry Competition 9.3.5 Impact on Industry Employment 10 Research Conclusion
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Polycon Video Conference
Polycon Video Conference develops video conferencing equipment and supports the concept of completely immersive conferencing. Buy today!
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Lupine Publishers | Contact Lens Materials and Modalities

Lupine Publishers | Trends in Ophthalmology Open Access Journal
Abstract
Introduction: Past two decades have seen a steep rise in the usage of contact lenses and that brought a major revolution in the materials research, design and manufacturing technologies. This also impacted the optometrists thus influencing the patient usage, modalities and duration. The current article briefs the changes in the field of contact lenses and the changing trends.
Methods: Contact lens materials and its manufacturing, wearing modalities and changing trends in prescribing them were identified, reviewed and summarized as per the topic requirements from scientific papers, authentic articles, books and websites to cover the challenges our ancestors have faced and the solutions that were provided in the past were summarized for the reader in an easy accessible way.
Conclusion: Newer generation of contact lens materials made an average contact lens wearer comfortable by wearing lenses for longer hours without discomfort and with minimal complications. Due to the advent of newer lens materials, practitioners have been given more options for choosing a best suited lens based on specific wearer requirements and needs. In this way, newly available materials and designs make the lens wear safer and less prone to complications by shifting the patient from conventional to planned replacement lenses (PRL) and from PRL to daily disposables to ensure a healthy and safer vision.
Keywords: PMMA; Rigid Gas Permeable Lenses; HEMA; Silicone Hydrogels; Extended Wear; Flexible Wear; Daily Disposables; Multifocal Contact Lenses; Aspheric; Toric
Abbreviation: CAB: Cellulose Acetate Butyrate; RGP: Rigid Gas Permeable Lens; P-HEMA: Poly Hydroxy Ethyl Methacrylate; PVP: Poly Vinyl Pyrolidone Introduction
Contact lenses are medical devices commonly used to correct the vision without the need of spectacles. Even though the concept was very old, till 1887, a structure similar to our today's contact lens was not made. A first contact lens like structure was made in 1887 by F. A Muller by blowing glass to make a prosthetic eye. In 1930's a first contact lens made up of glass was used which covers whole the cornea and a small part of sclera was used for vision correction making glass the first contact lens material [1]. In 1937, a material named Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) was introduced as a contact lens material which mimics todays' scleral lens of a larger diameter. In 1948, Kevin Tuohy made a contact lens called "Microlens" which covers only cornea with 10 to 12 mm diameter [1,2]. After using PMMA as a contact lens material for some time, hypoxic complications arise due to it’s very poor oxygen permeable nature after use, making.com to explore for newer lens materials. Currently, due to its zero-oxygen permeability, it is used to make diagnostic trial contact lenses instead of actual contact lenses due to its ability to retain the parameters, ease of care and maintenance [3]. Rigid Gas Permeable Lenses (RGP)
Noting the importance of Oxygen permeability, few developments were made to the material to be permeable to oxygen. In the year 1972, Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) was proposed as a material to use by Irving Fatt, later in 1978 CAB as a contact lens material got FDA approved. A term (RGP) Rigid gas permeable lens was coined and the lens made with this (CAB) material was manufactured in 1978 in United States [2,4]. In the advent of silicone usage in the medical industry, Siloxane methacrylate material was developed in 1970 by using silicone molecules bonded to methyl methacrylate structures making a contact lens more oxygen permeable [2]. Siloxane acrylates material was patented in 1974 under the name Polycon and was introduced commercially in 1979 which lead the wearing time longer than CAB due to its high oxygen permeability without showing any hypoxic changes in the cornea. However, it was observed that the siloxane acrylate lenses tend to attract more of lipid and less of protein deposits on the lens surface, making the care and regime of newer RGP lens materials different than the previous lens. These deposits lead to lesser lens life than the previous lenses [2].
"Boston" a contact lens material manufacturing company started to develop working towards parameters like oxygen permeability, strength and deposit resistance for improved lens on eye performance since 1972. Elements Fluorine and Carbon were used in specific proportions to synthesize Fluoro-siloxane acrylates and Fluorocarbon acrylates were found effective in controlling the lipid deposits to occur on the lens surface with increased oxygen permeability. These materials still stand good in terms of availability, deposit resistance with good oxygen permeability [5]. Addition of Silicone, Fluorine and Carbon with appropriate amounts made it possible to achieve highest levels of oxygen permeability ever, leading to continuous wear, flexible wear and extended wear modalities possible. During this period in 1987, Fluoro-silicone acrylate material was made available [6]. Due to changing trends in the contact lens market and due to innovations in soft contact lens materials, there is a constant and a sharp decline in the RGP wearers that was observed in the past two decades due to the comfort achieved by soft contact lenses [7]. Silicone Elastomer
In 1956, Silicone elastomer material was developed by Walter Becker which has a highest ever oxygen permeability which is more flexible than RGP lenses, making the contact lens industry to explore newer ways of improvising the lens material in terms of flexibility But, for a product to manufacture out of silicone elastomer was not possible at that time due to its flexible nature, poor wettability and the material adheres to the cornea(suction). Later in 1981 a lens made up of silicone elastomer material was commercialized for correcting children to use as an overnight wear lens due to its exceedingly high oxygen permeability. This material got approved for 30 day continuous wear for non-aphakic prescriptions in 1983 making it the first extended wear lens to be produced [6,8]. Till now these elastomer lenses are available as a mode of correction for aphakia (congenital and acquired) cases mostly in children [9]. The only drawback with these lenses is the brittleness of the material and affinity to attract lipid deposits, making its usage declined in this decade [6,8]. Soft Contact Lens (Hydrogels)
Progress in contact lens materials was extremely rapid and the market equations of using RGP lenses were quickly changed after the development of Poly hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (P-HEMA) as a lens material in 1963 by Otto Wichterle. This material coined a new term called "soft contact lens" due to its soft and flexible nature. The lens made with HEMA was available in 1971 as a commercial product [2,6]. The usage of HEMA as a lens material in the current contact lens market still holds good. After the invention of HEMA as a hydrogel material, the comfort obtained by a wearer lead the path for a term called intermittent contact lens wear, which is not possible with RGP due to the discomfort it caused to an average wearer. However, the water content which is the only source of oxygen transmission through the hydrogel lens was too less when compared to RGP lenses due to their movement and tear exchange. There is a need for a diverse care and regime to be followed to soft contact lens wearers for which different contact lens solutions were devised to clean, rinse, disinfect, and hydrate and to store these lenses.
Due to limitation of water content and oxygen permeability in hydrogel lenses, there were diverse complications that were seen in the soft contact lens users and the users due to the comfort of the lenses, tend to sleep with the lenses on the cornea making the condition more worsen [10]. Observing these diverse ocular changes, few of the traditional RGP practitioners were reluctant to shift their practice and keep on dispensing RGP lenses only [11]. As there is a limitation in increasing the water content that we achieve with hydrogel lenses, scientists started to explore new ways to increase the oxygen passing through the lens which can enable the wearer to achieve better comfort lens with lesser complications [12]. Concept of Disposable soft contact lenses came into the field in 1985-1986 as the increasing complications can be counteracted by discarding the lenses before the deposits on the lens surface become sufficient enough to create problems like discomfort, bulbar conjunctival redness, allergic reactions in the upper tarsal conjunctiva and lack of oxygen supply due to deposits [13]. Gradually, frequent replacement lenses were so frequently replaced due to increasing in water content of the lenses that there is a need for a modality termed Daily disposable lenses in 1994-1995 to ensure maximum comfort and good ocular health with no requirement of care and maintenance which is a boon for existing, new contact lens wear. As the production need to meet the consumer needs a new manufacturing method called cast moulding turned the disposable modality a practically possible reality [2,14].
Even now, majority of the contact lens market share in developing countries is still contributing to Hydrogel lenses where as in developed countries, majority of the population is using silicone hydrogels and daily disposable hydrogel lenses for their visual needs [15-17]. In this stage, Silicone elastomers were more easily available and used in the market as a commercial product leading the materials science experts to turn their vision towards it. This change made them to think and combine the silicone with hydrogel lenses which set a stage for the generation of silicone hydrogels. The first silicone hydrogel lens was marketed in 2002 [2,9]. Silicone Hydrogels
In soft contact lenses the silicone material is incorporated based on the skeletal structures of classical hydrogel materials like HEMA and thereby making it a better lens material by incorporating:
a) OH groups for increasing the bound water content of the lens materials [18]
b) Materials like polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) for improving the wettability of the lenses [18]
Due to the innovation of Silicone hydrogel contact lenses, high oxygen transmissibility is made possible, hence by minimizing corneal hypoxia changes that include corneal oedema, Descemet’s membrane folds, microcysts, limbal hyperaemia and neovascularisation [19]. There are a few patient related .difficulties with these new lenses due to increased stiffness than existing hydrogels, hydrophobic nature and more attraction of lipid deposits. So, there is a need for a better and improved materials and designs making them readily acceptable by the patient [9]. In 2010, Custom made silicone hydrogel lenses are made available in the market [20]. In case of Silicone hydrogel lenses, these inventions can be technically classified into three phases in which the lens materials are synthesized by not only decreasing the stiffness of the lens material, but also by increasing the wettability and water content to a desired level for enhancing the comfort level of silicone hydrogel wearer equal to that achieved by a hydrogel contact lens wearer [18,19,21,22]. Developments in Silicone Hydrogel Materials
a) Properties (Table 1)
1. Good Dk
2. Slightly stiffer
3. Deposit prone surface
4. Decreased Wettability
b) Properties (Table 2)
2. Flexible lens material
1. Improved wettability
c) Properties (Table 3)
1. Better Water content
2. Decrease stiffness
3. It is a Breakthrough technology, which redefines the soft contact lens relationship between Dk and water content by having a higher Dk than water content predicts!
Contact lens advancements in the Future
a) Myopia control contact lenses are very soon going to be available in Asian countries where Myopia is more prevalent.
b) Aberrometers values combined with prescription can help customize the correction to a personalized contact lens manufacturing is possible soon [23].
c) A Multifocal design of contact lens which can have an autofocus capability near the pupillary centres of the eyes using fluid dynamics can be manufactured and fitted which can help.com gain complete visual satisfaction to the wearer [23].
d) Health monitoring systems embedded in the form of a computer chip in contact lenses will help.com plan our diet and treatment plan based on the parameters like blood sugar level, intraocular pressure [24].
e) The use of LCD crystals in the bulk of a silicone hydrogel lens can help.com to use virtual projection; digital screens in the near future will aim for [23].
f) In Contact lens materials, even though the penetration of silicone hydrogels in the current market is low, majority of the market share will shift using this material due to its break thought the invention of improved oxygen permeability, it can retain their share well in the markets in the future [17,23].
g) Improvements like anti bacterial coating on contact lenses are giving promising results which can help use them for extended wear without any worry of infections. Possibilities for making a Photo chromatic contact lenses are explored and will be achieved soon [25-29].
Modality
Silicone hydrogels will take the majority of the market and will exist even in future. Mostly the contact lenses have a freedom to wear and remove easily whenever we want and where ever you want [30-34]. Conclusion
Contact lenses have an exponential growth in material development, design and production in the last two decades.Newer technologies in the coming years can help.com make a more productive, versatile, comfortable and safer wearing lenses for the coming generations ahead [35-39]
https://lupinepublishers.com/ophthalmology-journal/pdf/TOOAJ.MS.ID.000106.pdf
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Global Plastic Bottles& Containers Market
The report forecast global Plastic Bottles & Containers market to grow to reach xxx Million USD in 2019 with a CAGR of xx% during the period 2020-2025 due to coronavirus situation. The report offers detailed coverage of Plastic Bottles & Containers industry and main market trends with impact of coronavirus. The market research includes historical and forecast market data, demand, application details, price trends, and company shares of the leading Plastic Bottles & Containers by geography. The report splits the market size, by volume and value, on the basis of application type and geography. First, this report covers the present status and the future prospects of the global Plastic Bottles & Containers market for 2015-2024. And in this report, we analyze global market from 5 geographies: Asia-Pacific[China, Southeast Asia, India, Japan, Korea, Western Asia], Europe[Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Netherlands, Turkey, Switzerland], North America[United States, Canada, Mexico], Middle East & Africa[GCC, North Africa, South Africa], South America[Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Peru]. At the same time, we classify Plastic Bottles & Containers according to the type, application by geography. More importantly, the report includes major countries market based on the type and application. Finally, the report provides detailed profile and data information analysis of leading Plastic Bottles & Containers company.
Key Content of Chapters as follows (Including and can be customized) : Part 1: Market Overview, Development, and Segment by Type, Application & Region Part 2: Company information, Sales, Cost, Margin etc. Part 3: Global Market by company, Type, Application & Geography Part 4: Asia-Pacific Market by Type, Application & Geography Part 5: Europe Market by Type, Application & Geography Part 6: North America Market by Type, Application & Geography Part 7: South America Market by Type, Application & Geography Part 8: Middle East & Africa Market by Type, Application & Geography Part 9: Market Features Part 10: Investment Opportunity Part 11: Conclusion
Market Segment as follows: By Region Asia-Pacific[China, Southeast Asia, India, Japan, Korea, Western Asia] Europe[Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Netherlands, Turkey, Switzerland] North America[United States, Canada, Mexico] Middle East & Africa[GCC, North Africa, South Africa] South America[Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Peru] Key Companies ALPLA Amcor Plastipak Packaging Graham Packaging RPC Group Berry Plastics Greiner Packaging Alpha Packaging Zijiang Visy Zhongfu XLZT Polycon Industries KW Plastics Boxmore Packaging Market by Type PET PP HDPE LDPE Others Market by Application Beverages and Food Pharmaceutical FMCG Others
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Orange Is The New Black: Season 7's Saddest Moments, Ranked
Though it often alternates between dramatic and comedic tones, Orange is the New Black rarely pulls punches when it comes to showcasing the harsh realities of prison life. Its seventh and final season was perhaps the least forgiving in this regard, looking beyond its conventional setting within Litchfield Corrections and leveling a deluge of social commentary on hot button issues such as immigration and ICE detention centers.
RELATED: 10 Storylines From OITNB That Never Got Resolved
There was no shortage of tragic, heartbreaking, and sometimes outright difficult to watch moments over the course of the Netflix series' final season, but some of them stand out as particularly moving or disturbing. Here are the ten most tragic moments that transpired during Orange is the New Black's seventh season.
10 CO McCullough's Flashback

Though the greater majority of this season's CO staff are pretty terrible human beings, CO McCullough stands out as being one of the few that, at the very least, seems to respect the humanity of the inmates under her watch. She's definitely a character experiencing an incredible amount of inner conflict, but the source of it stems from much further back than the unforgettable riot at Litchfield.
During her time in the military, McCullough tried to win the respect and trust of her comrades. But when one of them harasses her, her complaints about the incident fall on deaf ears, and inevitably result in her being entirely shunned after the guilty party lies about it.
9 Pennsatucky's Father

The character arc of Tiffany "Pennsatucky" Doggett has certainly seen her ups and downs. Though she initially served in an antagonistic role, it's difficult not to feel sympathy for her as her background is gradually revealed over the course of the series. However, none of these tidbits have been as heartbreaking as those revealed in Season 7.
Doggett's father was an abusive addict and he vents no shortage of vitriolic, entirely misplaced anger at her over the course of a fishing competition they'd embarked on in order to bond. It becomes abundantly clear that he has little regard for his daughter, much less his own attempt at sobriety.
8 Cindy's Letter

Cindy's lively and explosive personality is usually a source of comic relief, but she has her own troubled past that she struggles to overcome throughout the series. Central to that is her complicated relationship with her daughter, and by extension, her mother.
RELATED: 5 Things Orange Is The New Black Did Better Than Weeds (& 5 Things Weeds Did Better)
The latter manifests as a particularly poignant scene during one of Caputo's rehabilitation classes. With the class instructed to write an apologetic letter to people that were victimized by their crimes, Cindy chooses her mother, expressing heartfelt regret at saddling her with responsibility over Cindy's daughter.
7 Córdova Tries To Get Back Into The US

Though audiences spend quite a bit of time with the ICE detainees, Karla Córdova in particular receives the lion's share of the spotlight. Sharp, legally savvy, and determined to reunite with her children, she struggles fervently to be released. Unfortunately, despite her knowledge of the law, she ends up deported to El Salvador.
Beaten but unbroken, she joins with a coyote's caravan bound to cross the border. However, a fateful tumble leaves her with a broken ankle, rendering her unable to walk. The caravan abandons her to her cruel fate with nothing more than a small jug of water, and though it is left unclear, it's unlikely that she survives the night in the open desert.
6 Red Develops Dementia

The indomitable Galina "Red" Reznikov has long been a cornerstone character of the series, serving as a mentor and matriarch among the inmates. Her arc in Season 7 is a tragic one, as she advances in years and suffers the rigors of the prison system, she begins to develop dementia.
She spends most of the season in abject denial, but the scene in which she is finally confronted with the reality of her situation and is forced to resign to it is heartbreaking.
5 Taystee Attempts Suicide

Formerly bright and full of life, Tasha "Taystee" Jefferson begins to develop severe depression after being wrongfully tried and convicted of murder during the riot at Litchfield. Robbed of all hope for a future outside of prison, she fruitlessly attempts to strangle herself in her own bunk.
RELATED: Orange Is The New Black: 5 Worst Things The Guards Have Done (& The 5 Nicest Things)
When that falls through, she reaches a point of absolute desperation and seeks out Daya to procure drugs that will do the job. Although she finds a reason to go on and aborts this plan of action, her suicide attempts are nonetheless painful to bear witness to.
4 Shani Is Deported

Shani Abboud, a newcomer for the seventh season of Orange is the New Black, is an Egyptian ICE detainee facing deportation. However, she definitely leaves her mark, particularly when it comes to Nicole "Nicky" Nichols, with whom she kindles a romantic spark.
In Shani's backstory, it is revealed that she fled Egypt due to persecution concerning her sexual orientation, and that she suffered a gruesome mutilation while she lived there. She faces almost certain death upon being deported, cutting her new romantic flame with Nicky woefully short and leaving her entirely distraught.
3 Lorna's Baby

As most dedicated fans are likely well aware, Lorna Morello-Muccio miraculously managed to marry and conceive a child during the events of Season 3, and gives birth to the child after Season 6. However, Season 7 sees her hit with some unimaginably tragic news.
During visitation, her husband Vincent tearfully confesses that the child did not survive, contracting and succumbing to pneumonia. Lorna's already fragile mental state is utterly shattered by this event, and she ends up being committed to the "Florida" wing of the prison, reserved for the elderly and mentally unstable.
2 Pennsatucky's Death

Pennsatucky seemed to be on the rise in Season 7, poised to earn her GED after she takes an authentic interest in education. Managing to overcome her struggle with dyslexia, she diligently studies and prepares for the test.
RELATED: Orange Is The New Black: 5 Fan Favorite Characters We Miss (& 5 We Don't)
She stresses over the test and is entirely convinced that she has failed it after being unimpressed with her performance. Distraught, she falls back into drugs and succumbs to a lethal overdose. To make matters worse, it is later revealed that she passed the GED test.
1 Immigration Court For Kids

Season 7's most shocking and hauntingly tragic occurrence is Natalie Figueroa's discovery that the new courtroom established by PolyCon hosts a "youth docket" on Fridays, in which ICE detainees that qualify as minors are subjected to the rigors of the court proceedings surrounding potential deportation.
Even the typically emotionally devoid Natalie is absolutely stricken by the inhumanity, watching on helplessly as an unattended brother and sister, barely old enough to speak, are questioned by the judge. Even babies and toddlers await their turn at the stand as emotionally detached ICE agents observe the proceedings.
NEXT: Orange Is The New Black: 10 Times Piper Chapman Was The Show's Biggest Villain
source https://screenrant.com/orange-new-black-season-7-saddest-moments-ranked/
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Polymer Concrete Market – SWOT Analysis of Major Industry Segments
Data Bridge Market Research has provides the Qualitative and informative knowledge by adding titled “Polymer Concrete Market by By Class (Polymer Modified Concrete, Polymer Resin Concrete, Polymer Impregnated Concrete), Type (Epoxy, Latex, Acrylate, Polyester, Vinyl, Furan, Others), Application (Containments, Pump Bases, Waste Containers, Flooring Blocks, Trench Drains, Others) End-Use Industry (Infrastructures, Non-Residential Structures, Residential Structures), Geography (North America, South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East And Africa) Analysis and Forecast, 2019 – 2025”. In this report, Researchers have analyzed Strength, Weakness, opportunities and threats in the market and provides the unbiased picture of the market with the Qualitative and informative knowledge. The Polymer Concrete Market report additionally states import/trade utilization, free market activity figures, cost, value, volume and gross edges.
Few of the leading organizations’ names are listed here- Morgan Advanced Materials and its affiliates, ULMA Architectural Solutions, Kwik Bond Polymers, Arizona Polymer Flooring Inc., Bechtel Corporation, Bouygues S.A., Forte Composites Inc, Wacker Chemie AG, Sauereisen, Civilworks Group, Crown Polymers, Fosroc, Jiangsu Polycon, Ergonarmor, ACO Group of Companies and other
Global Polymer Concrete Market is expected to reach USD 767.5 million by 2025, from USD 44.1 million in 2017 growing at a CAGR of 7.20% during the forecast period of 2018 to 2025
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Market Definition: Global Polymer Concrete Market
Polymer concrete is a compound which uses synthetic polymer as binder. The compound present in this material displays different diverse properties, for example, high effect quality, high compressive quality, quick restoring, high protection from substance assault, scraped area, and low porousness. The essential technique for creating polymer concrete is by decrease of volume of voids in totals which would bring down the amount of polymer required for restricting these totals
Top Manufacturers Covered in the Report:
The key players operating in the global polymer concrete market are –
BASF SE
Dudick, Inc.
Interplastic Corp
Metrocast Corp
DowDuPont
The other players in the market are Morgan Advanced Materials and its affiliates, ULMA Architectural Solutions, Kwik Bond Polymers, Arizona Polymer Flooring Inc., Bechtel Corporation, Bouygues S.A., Forte Composites Inc, Wacker Chemie AG, Sauereisen, Civilworks Group, Crown Polymers, Fosroc, Jiangsu Polycon, Ergonarmor, ACO Group of Companies and other.
Segmentation: Global Polymer Concrete Market
Global Polymer Concrete Market, By Class (Polymer Modified Concrete, Polymer Resin Concrete, Polymer Impregnated Concrete)
Type (Epoxy, Latex, Acrylate, Polyester, Vinyl, Furan, Others)
Application (Containments, Pump Bases, Waste Containers, Flooring Blocks, Trench Drains, Others)
End-Use Industry (Infrastructures, Non-Residential Structures, Residential Structures)
Regional analysis for Polymer Concrete Market includes:
North America
Latin America
Europe
Asia Pacific & Japan
The Middle East and Africa
Competitive Analysis: Global Polymer Concrete Market
The global polymer concrete market is highly fragmented and the major players have used various strategies such as new product launches, expansions, agreements, joint ventures, partnerships, acquisitions, and others to increase their footprints in this market. The report includes market shares of Polymer Concrete market for global, Europe, North America, Asia Pacific, South America and Middle East & Africa
Why to purchase this report?
Following are the reasons to consider this Polymer Concrete Market:
This ultimate guide will help you stay ahead in market as it furnishes you with the profiles of the key market players and their working methodologies and their decision making capabilities.
The report analyzes various factors which act as drivers and restraints to development the overall Polymer Concrete Market.
This report not only analyzes present market condition but it likewise estimates how the Polymer Concrete Market is going to perform for estimated time period of 2019-2026.
It enables you to adopt smart methodologies and form better decisions by giving a clear idea about customer’s requirement and preferences regarding the product in particular region.
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Data Bridge Market Research set forth itself as an unconventional and neoteric Market research and consulting firm with unparalleled level of resilience and integrated approaches. We are determined to unearth the best market opportunities and foster efficient information for your business to thrive in the market. Data Bridge Market Research provides appropriate solutions to the complex business challenges and initiates an effortless decision-making process.
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Phenolic Caps Market: Trends, outlook and Opportunity Analysis
Phenolic caps are high performance, durable caps with an extremely high heat tolerance, i.e. phenolic caps start to decompose at temperatures of above 220 degree Celsius. Phenolic caps are very tough when used in their desirable temperature range. Phenolic stands for Phenol Formaldehyde Resin.��Phenolic caps are mostly used for harmful acids, bases, and other reactive compounds. The key factor which is expected to contribute to increase in preference for phenolic caps is their chemically inert nature when paired with polycone liners. Therefore, when exposed to harmful and corrosive chemicals like acids and bases, phenolic caps perform much better than their counterparts. Phenolic caps are reliable and safe, which results in high preference for phenolic caps in labs, across the world.
By chemical composition and design, phenolic caps are known to provide a desirable range of chemical compatibility, and has the highest temperature tolerance among all other plastic closures available in the market. The outlook for growth of the global phenolic caps market is expected to be positive during the forecast period.
Global Phenolic Caps Market: Dynamics
The global phenolic caps market is expected to grow on the backdrop of growing demand for safe packaging and sealing solutions at laboratories. Since phenolic caps have the desired properties, they are widely preferred in laboratories in educational institutions and other research facilities. Furthermore, manufacturers of phenolic caps also provide an additional option to provide a PE cone layer, which provides chemical barrier. The degree of threat to the phenolic caps market from substitutes is rather low, as these some of the best chemically inert closures that the market has to offer.
The Detailed analysis and statistical data are given in Tabular format, Charts, and Graphs in this research report. Get PDF Sample of this study @ https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=B&rep_id=54204
Phenolic caps are extensively used in the pharmaceutical sector, which includes medical and biotechnological laboratories, among others. Phenolic caps have an edge over alternatives in the sense that they are capable of maintaining their form and features on exposure to corrosive material. Therefore, it is unlikely that the phenolic caps market will face severe competition from an alternative solutions (not considering any unpredictable future product innovation which has the potential to disrupt the phenolic caps market).
Global Phenolic Caps Market: Regional Outlook
The North America phenolic caps market is expected to be in the leading position, given the heavy investment on research and development in the region. The U.S. phenolic caps market is estimated to account for more than 85% of the North America phenolic caps market in 2018. The Asia Pacific region is expected to outdo the other region in term of growth in demand for phenolic caps, during the forecast period. Countries which are expected to lead in the Asia Pacific phenolic caps market include China and the ASEAN countries.
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The phenolic caps market in regions like the Middle East, Latin America and Eastern Europe is anticipated to witness sluggish growth during the forecast period, owing to several macroeconomic factors. However, countries in the Africa region are expected to outpace the remaining ones in the MEA region in terms of phenolic caps market CAGR, during the next ten years.
Global Phenolic Caps Market: Key players
Some of the key players operating in the global phenolic caps market are –
Quality Environmental Containers, Inc.
Corning Inc.
DWK Life Sciences GmbH
Qorpak, Inc.
National Novelty Brush Company
Acme Vial & Glass Company, LLC.
*Some of the key trends currently observed in the market includes –
Emphasis on production of phenolic caps with superior torque retention
Focus on innovation in liner material and bonding. For instance, PET film bonded with PE film, which is then bonded to aluminium foil
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Polymath Project: A New Phase for Blockchain
The past 18 months have seen a significant boom in the cryptocurrency market with Bitcoin skyrocketing from under $1,000 to around $10,000 today. Along with the rise in price and popularity of Bitcoin, many other altcoins have seen incredible gains, and a large number of Initial Coin Offerings (ICO) have popped up to take advantage of the rise in crypto.
The number of crypto assets has broadened to include currencies, protocols, platforms, and a host of other assets. But due to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) classifying cryptocurrencies as securities subject to securities law, the majority of ICOs have done everything possible to strip away anything that would make them resemble a security to be regulated by the SEC.
However, many investors want to buy tokens that have the same characteristics as traditional securities, like profit sharing and dividends. While many of the original crypto enthusiasts are adamantly opposed to regulation, that’s what’s lacking in the industry and keeping blockchain companies from issuing tokenized securities that many investors are looking for.
The expectation is that regulators are going to provide more clarity and guidance concerning cryptocurrencies and blockchain companies offering security vs utility tokens. As this trend continues to materialize, several platforms are situating themselves to take advantage and enable the issuance and trading of security tokens.
Security Token Shift
The platform that finds itself in the middle of this shift over to security tokens as regulations take form is Polymath. Their platform is being designed to create a blockchain-based protocol for issuing and trading security tokens. This is distinct from the usual utility tokens that many crypto traders exchange back and forth on established crypto exchange platforms.
It’s like the Ethereum blockchain, where ERC20 tokens are created and transacted on the Ethereum blockchain. Polymath will create security tokens under the same concept, called ST-20 tokens. This is the same concept that fueled the flame of the cryptocurrency market boom throughout 2017 and into this year.
Polymath’s platform makes it possible for blockchain startups to issue token security offerings that are compliant with the relevant regulations. All services required for the issuance process are encompassed on the platform, connecting investors, issuers, legal authorities, project developers and Know Your Customer (KYC) providers in the process.
How the Polymath Project Network Works
Organizations seeking to raise capital funds on the Polymath platform can create a new ST-20 token. During the token creation process, the issuing organization outlines all of the required characteristics of the security token. This includes the type of security (whether it’s debt or equity), the token’s functionality, any associated voting rights, governance and jurisdictions, the offering country, KYC details (using Civic’s KYC features), among other key details.
Once the token attributes are set, legal authorities can review the token details and ensure the issuing organization complies with relevant securities law based on the entered attributes. If any errors are identified, lawyers can recommend changes and amendments to the ST-20 attributes. For example, they might determine that the security token offering needs to be restricted to accredited investors only.
On the investor side, all participants are onboarded with a KYC process that is required for all ST-20 securities offerings. After using one of the available KYC partners, investors will be registered on the platform according to their specific attributes such as jurisdiction and accreditation.
From there, investors can purchase security tokens that align with their investor profile. This applies to the primary and secondary markets on the platform. Smart contracts on the platform restrict people to their particular class of investments. For example, a U.S. citizen holding a ‘U.S. investor only’ security token will not be able to sell or transfer it to a non-U.S. investor. This essentially creates a self-regulating security token.
The final step in the process is allowing people to trade their security tokens on the secondary market on an exchange. Many investors are interested in purchasing security tokens as part of ICOs and early-stage funding for blockchain startups. But the real opportunity is creating a compliant way to trade security tokens on the open exchange, and that’s where Polymath is headed.
They are in the process of partnering with tZERO, a blockchain-based subsidiary of e-commerce giant Overstock, which is led by crypto advocate Patrick Byrne. tZERO is in the process of launching an exchange for security tokens, and already owns two broker-dealers registered with the SEC.
If you’re still a little confused about how the Polymath network works together to partner investors, issuers, legal authorities, project developers and Know Your Customer (KYC) providers, take a look at their short explainer video.
POLY Token
The native blockchain token for the Polymath platform is an ERC20 token called POLY. There are rumors of the token moving to another platform at some point, depending on how the scalability concerns of Ethereum’s blockchain develop throughout the year.
Investors use POLY to pay KYC providers for verification, as well as to pay for security tokens on the platform. KYC providers use POLY to pay network fees, and developers are paid in POLY to create security token contracts for issuing organizations.
POLY didn’t have an ICO to disseminate tokens to the crypto community. Instead, they hosted an airdrop that distributed POLY tokens to 40,000 users that submitted Ethereum addresses to participate in the airdrop. The total token supply created was 1 billion tokens. About 230 million of which was given to a hundred early investors while another 10 million were part of the airdrop. There are about 50% of tokens remaining that are held in reserve, but there isn’t much indication what might lead to their use. And 15% of tokens are allocated to the project’s founders under specified vesting schedules.
POLY didn’t issue an ICO, most likely because they had sufficient funds to see their project through. During their initial token sale to early investors in mid-2017, they accepted Ethereum investment as it was trading in the $300 range, which rose in value throughout the end of the year.
Final Thoughts
Polymath represents a new movement within the cryptocurrency industry and markets. Institutional money is itching to get into the cryptocurrency game, and the significant barrier at the moment is the confusion surrounding token regulation and their classification as securities. Another issue with institutional money getting into the fold is the security token vs utility token matter, as there is demand for cryptocurrencies with security type attributes and characteristics.
The Polymath platform is at least a step in the right direction towards providing a regulated platform for the creation and exchange of security tokens. As demand for security tokens grows, and the hype around utility tokens fades, platforms like Polymath will be crucial to facilitating security tokens in a compliant manner.
You can keep tabs on any news and updates from the Polymath team and network across their network of social media groups: Facebook, Twitter, Telegram, Reddit, YouTube, Medium, LinkedIn, Github.
Polymath was also a lead sponsor for one of the more prominent global blockchain conferences in the Bahamas - Polycon - a crypto event centered and focused on the development of securities tokens.
#cryptocurrency#bitcoin#polymath project#blockchain#finance#ico#ethereum#altcoin#litecoin#bitcoin cash
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Orange Is The New Black: Season 7's Saddest Moments, Ranked
Though it often alternates between dramatic and comedic tones, Orange is the New Black rarely pulls punches when it comes to showcasing the harsh realities of prison life. Its seventh and final season was perhaps the least forgiving in this regard, looking beyond its conventional setting within Litchfield Corrections and leveling a deluge of social commentary on hot button issues such as immigration and ICE detention centers.
RELATED: 10 Storylines From OITNB That Never Got Resolved
There was no shortage of tragic, heartbreaking, and sometimes outright difficult to watch moments over the course of the Netflix series' final season, but some of them stand out as particularly moving or disturbing. Here are the ten most tragic moments that transpired during Orange is the New Black's seventh season.
10 CO McCullough's Flashback

Though the greater majority of this season's CO staff are pretty terrible human beings, CO McCullough stands out as being one of the few that, at the very least, seems to respect the humanity of the inmates under her watch. She's definitely a character experiencing an incredible amount of inner conflict, but the source of it stems from much further back than the unforgettable riot at Litchfield.
During her time in the military, McCullough tried to win the respect and trust of her comrades. But when one of them harasses her, her complaints about the incident fall on deaf ears, and inevitably result in her being entirely shunned after the guilty party lies about it.
9 Pennsatucky's Father

The character arc of Tiffany "Pennsatucky" Doggett has certainly seen her ups and downs. Though she initially served in an antagonistic role, it's difficult not to feel sympathy for her as her background is gradually revealed over the course of the series. However, none of these tidbits have been as heartbreaking as those revealed in Season 7.
Doggett's father was an abusive addict and he vents no shortage of vitriolic, entirely misplaced anger at her over the course of a fishing competition they'd embarked on in order to bond. It becomes abundantly clear that he has little regard for his daughter, much less his own attempt at sobriety.
8 Cindy's Letter

Cindy's lively and explosive personality is usually a source of comic relief, but she has her own troubled past that she struggles to overcome throughout the series. Central to that is her complicated relationship with her daughter, and by extension, her mother.
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The latter manifests as a particularly poignant scene during one of Caputo's rehabilitation classes. With the class instructed to write an apologetic letter to people that were victimized by their crimes, Cindy chooses her mother, expressing heartfelt regret at saddling her with responsibility over Cindy's daughter.
7 Córdova Tries To Get Back Into The US

Though audiences spend quite a bit of time with the ICE detainees, Karla Córdova in particular receives the lion's share of the spotlight. Sharp, legally savvy, and determined to reunite with her children, she struggles fervently to be released. Unfortunately, despite her knowledge of the law, she ends up deported to El Salvador.
Beaten but unbroken, she joins with a coyote's caravan bound to cross the border. However, a fateful tumble leaves her with a broken ankle, rendering her unable to walk. The caravan abandons her to her cruel fate with nothing more than a small jug of water, and though it is left unclear, it's unlikely that she survives the night in the open desert.
6 Red Develops Dementia

The indomitable Galina "Red" Reznikov has long been a cornerstone character of the series, serving as a mentor and matriarch among the inmates. Her arc in Season 7 is a tragic one, as she advances in years and suffers the rigors of the prison system, she begins to develop dementia.
She spends most of the season in abject denial, but the scene in which she is finally confronted with the reality of her situation and is forced to resign to it is heartbreaking.
5 Taystee Attempts Suicide

Formerly bright and full of life, Tasha "Taystee" Jefferson begins to develop severe depression after being wrongfully tried and convicted of murder during the riot at Litchfield. Robbed of all hope for a future outside of prison, she fruitlessly attempts to strangle herself in her own bunk.
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When that falls through, she reaches a point of absolute desperation and seeks out Daya to procure drugs that will do the job. Although she finds a reason to go on and aborts this plan of action, her suicide attempts are nonetheless painful to bear witness to.
4 Shani Is Deported

Shani Abboud, a newcomer for the seventh season of Orange is the New Black, is an Egyptian ICE detainee facing deportation. However, she definitely leaves her mark, particularly when it comes to Nicole "Nicky" Nichols, with whom she kindles a romantic spark.
In Shani's backstory, it is revealed that she fled Egypt due to persecution concerning her sexual orientation, and that she suffered a gruesome mutilation while she lived there. She faces almost certain death upon being deported, cutting her new romantic flame with Nicky woefully short and leaving her entirely distraught.
3 Lorna's Baby

As most dedicated fans are likely well aware, Lorna Morello-Muccio miraculously managed to marry and conceive a child during the events of Season 3, and gives birth to the child after Season 6. However, Season 7 sees her hit with some unimaginably tragic news.
During visitation, her husband Vincent tearfully confesses that the child did not survive, contracting and succumbing to pneumonia. Lorna's already fragile mental state is utterly shattered by this event, and she ends up being committed to the "Florida" wing of the prison, reserved for the elderly and mentally unstable.
2 Pennsatucky's Death

Pennsatucky seemed to be on the rise in Season 7, poised to earn her GED after she takes an authentic interest in education. Managing to overcome her struggle with dyslexia, she diligently studies and prepares for the test.
RELATED: Orange Is The New Black: 5 Fan Favorite Characters We Miss (& 5 We Don't)
She stresses over the test and is entirely convinced that she has failed it after being unimpressed with her performance. Distraught, she falls back into drugs and succumbs to a lethal overdose. To make matters worse, it is later revealed that she passed the GED test.
1 Immigration Court For Kids

Season 7's most shocking and hauntingly tragic occurrence is Natalie Figueroa's discovery that the new courtroom established by PolyCon hosts a "youth docket" on Fridays, in which ICE detainees that qualify as minors are subjected to the rigors of the court proceedings surrounding potential deportation.
Even the typically emotionally devoid Natalie is absolutely stricken by the inhumanity, watching on helplessly as an unattended brother and sister, barely old enough to speak, are questioned by the judge. Even babies and toddlers await their turn at the stand as emotionally detached ICE agents observe the proceedings.
NEXT: Orange Is The New Black: 10 Times Piper Chapman Was The Show's Biggest Villain
source https://screenrant.com/orange-new-black-season-7-saddest-moments-ranked/
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