#serial killers and their pet detective/agent <3< /div> Explore tagged Tumblr posts

[pinkiebieberpie]

bucky barnes moodboards part 2

B.B. MOODBOARDS PART ONE.

biker aus:

dilf!biker!bucky

boyfriend!biker!bucky

pornstar/stripper aus:

pornstar!bucky

pornstar!bucky vol. 2

stripper!bucky x innocent!reader

mob/agent/bodyguard aus:

mob!bucky

mob!bucky vol. 2

mob!bucky vol. 3

mob!bucky vol. 4

mob!bucky vol. 5

dom!mob!bucky • (part 2)

mafia!bucky

mobboss!husband!bucky

mobboss!husband!bucky vol. 2

secret agent!bucky

bodyguard!bucky

ceo/sugar daddy/boss aus:

ceo!bucky

ceo!bucky vol. 2

ceo!bucky vol. 3

ceo!bucky vol. 4

ceo!bucky vol. 5

ceo!husband!bucky

boyfriend!ceo!bucky

sugar daddy!bucky

sugar daddy!bucky vol. 2

sugar daddy!bucky vol. 3

mob!sugardaddy!bucky

ceo!sugardaddy!bucky

dilf!sugardaddy!bucky

boss!bucky x secretary!reader

rockstar aus:

rockstar!bucky

rockstar!bucky vol. 2

rockstar!boyfriend!bucky

rockstar!boyfriend!bucky vol. 2

rockstar!boyfriend!bucky vol. 3

brother's best friend!rockstar!bucky

beefy bucky aus:

beefy!bucky

beefy!barista!bucky

beefy!roommate!bucky

beefy!boyfriend!bucky

cw!bucky with tattoos

bucky and alpine/pets aus:

bucky x alpine

boyfriend!bucky x alpine

bucky studying with alpine

bucky and alpine's movie night

adopting a puppy with bucky barnes

bucky's and alpine's instagram accounts

best friend/friend aus:

best friend!bucky

best friend!bucky vol. 2

friend!roommate!bucky

best friend!roommate!bucky

secret mafia!best friend!bucky

being best friends with yelena and bucky

winter soldier aus:

winter soldier

40s!bucky aus:

40s!bucky x waitress!reader

sambucky/stucky aus:

sambucky x reader

stucky x reader

prince/princess aus:

prince!bucky

prince!bucky x princess!reader

supernatural creatures aus:

devil!bucky

shifter!bucky

poseidon!bucky

vampire!king!bucky

vampire!husband!bucky

hunter!bucky x demon!reader

dark supernatural aesthetic x bucky barnes

other aus:

artist!bucky

omega!bucky

jealous!bucky

babysitter!bucky

tattoo artist!bucky

dance instructor!bucky

construction worker!bucky

sex phone operator!bucky

cottagecore x bucky barnes

first date with bucky barnes

zoom call with bucky barnes

late night driving with bucky

stargazing with bucky barnes

trip to paris with bucky barnes

bucky barnes taking you to prom

bucky barnes and his birthday girl

lyrics mb (taylor swift - paris)

lyrics mb (dove cameron - bad idea)

bucky barnes dating plus size reader

bucky falls in love with librarian!reader

going to a theme park with bucky barnes

bucky barnes and his innocent, sweet girl

bucky barnes visiting reader in the hospital

wearing matching hello kitty pjs with boyfriend!bucky

enemies to lovers with bucky barnes

enemies to friends with benefits to lovers with bucky barnes

bucky barnes as southside serpent (riverdale universe)

detective!bucky x serial killer!male reader

bucky ft. kinda joe black aesthetic

moodboards series:

trust - tfatws!bucky

other characters moodboards

[theflikchic]

Obscure Pop Culture I Love That Nobody Talks About

Consider this entire post a series of recommendations, especially if you're bored in quarantine.

1. Quantum Leap

Starring Scott Bakula and Dean Stockwell, "Quantum Leap" is a sci-fi show from the 80s and it's one of the most progressive shows I've ever seen. The plot's a bit complicated so I'll be quick: A scientist named Sam- in an attempt to travel back in time- accidentally gets trapped in the bodies of different people throughout time. He can only leap from body to body when he changes a point in history (most often, he has to stop a death).

The reason this show is so amazing is because of fact that no matter what body he leaps into, we always see him as him. My favourite episode (called "What Price, Gloria?") is about how Sam gets stuck in the body of a beautiful female secretary. We watch him undergo the sexual harassment of the workplace and see how ridiculous it really is as every guy thinks he's a girl. It's terrific seeing him in women's clothing because it's very normalized in the show and is used to further explain sexism in gender constructs of clothing.

There's about five seasons and sadly, it never got a proper ending. It's quite sad and can be difficult to watch but it's beautiful and I love it.

2. The RED Movies (RED and RED 2)

I love these movies. And sadly, there's only two of them. A lot of people dislike the second one and whild it isn't as good as the first one, I still think it's a lot of fun. They're funny, they're action-packed, and they've got an incredible cast and yet no one's seen any of them.

The movies follow ex-CIA agent Frank Moses and his adrenaline-hyped girlfriend Sarah Ross as they travel the globe with other retired agents and contract killers to stop bad guys and it's AMAZING. I originally watched them because of Anthony Hopkins being in the sequel but then it turned out that I loved them both so much.

They're also very well-written and require a lot of attention. And the jokes make that really rewarding. Both of these films are on Amazon Prime and they're so much fun. If you need more convincing, there's a scene when Helen Mirren tasers Anthony Hopkins and then several scenes after, they kidnap a pizza guy-

3. Dinotopia

The books by James Gurney reign supreme but I love the five episode (or six??? I dunno, there weren't a lot) TV series. It's very mediocre and super low budget but I enjoy the characters and the overall world (even if the books are better).

I'd like to mention that there's also a three hour-long miniseries featuring the same characters but with different actors. While there's more dinosaurs and David Thewlis, the acting is really bad and that's where I prefer the TV show.

I'd also like to mention that the TV show has the character of LeSage, a morally grey antagonist who hates dinosaurs and will occasionally team up with the mains when the rules suit her. She's an excellent character and the highlight of the show.

4. V (1984)

Hey, so, you know Freddy Krueger? Yeah, of course you do. Well, this was the show that made him famous.

Two miniseries (a two-parter and a three-parter) and a fourteen-episode TV series. This show was HUGE in the 80s and yet, for some reason, everyone seems to have forgotten it (but we did get Funko Pops so...victory!).

The show is about an alien invasion of earth but it's not just an alien invasion: it's an invasion from evil alien lizards that serve as an allegory for Nazis. It's got amazing characters, especially amazing female characters. It deals with moral decisions and the horrors of war. While it does get more campy as it progresses and doesn't have a proper ending, 90% of it is low-budget but compelling sci-fi with great characters (and the found family trope, especially once they bring Robert Englund aboard).

Be aware: there are some elements of body horror regarding a pregnancy and an ab*rtion attempt in the second miniseries so if that stuff bothers you like it does me, I promise that it has a happy ending and everything turns out okay. I love love LOVE this show and I wish more people watched it.

If you're curious, it's located all on archive.org.

5. Monk

One of the only three cop shows I actually watch, "Monk" is an incredible show starring Tony Shaloub as an ex-homicide detective who suffers from OCD. As someone with a diagnosed anxiety disorder, I just feel so...seen with this show. Tony Shaloub does an excellent job at portraying someone with anxiety and he's written so wonderfully that I often find myself saying out loud- "Me too, man. Me too."

Don't let the fact that it's a comedy throw you off. They take Monk's illness pretty seriously and most of the laughing comes from the sadness that comes with the way he reacts to the world. Often when something goes wrong because of his anxiety, it funny but also doesn't shy away from the character trying to deal with the way his mind is wired. No characters really laugh at him in the show and those who do are portrayed as jerks (because they are). And Monk is incredibly courageous and it's inspiring to see him triumph.

It has 8 seasons and it's on Amazon Prime. It's brilliant and fun and sad all at once. It's also set in the same universe of "Psych" (another amazing show) but this wasn't established until years later once both shows were over.

The bonus to watching this show is for the character of Monk's friend Captain Stottlemeyer played by severely underrated actor Ted Levine. And if that name sounds familiar, it's because he made a mark back in 1991 as a serial killer who owned a pet poodle and went by the name of Buffalo Bill. He's so funny in this show and his friendship with Monk is one of my favourite parts.

So that's the post! I hope you found something that you're interested in and that your quarantine remains filled with fun, fictitious content! Stay safe!

[parkerscupcake]

requests: rules and guidelines

this is just so it stays on my acc in case someone is new on tumblr and/or if you’re wondering how i accept requests! this is a little sneak peek of what i accept and don’t accept!

rules and guidelines!

i don’t accept anything that inclues: male x male, male!reader, incest, suicide, and things like that (i’m not homophobic, i just don’t have any experience writing about this kind of thing, so i’m not very comfortable writing)

i can write: anything else that wasn’t mentioned but make sure you ask me about the topic beforehand so i can let you know

i can write gender neutral!reader and female!reader. some of my stories have oc’s that i’ve written backstoreis for

if you’re interested in me writing about a character for another fandom that isn’t on my list, let me know and i can tell you wether or not i’ve: 1. seen the show, 2. know the character, 3. can write for them

au’s i can write for:

doctor

nurse

surgical intern

hitman

contract killer

bounty hunter

special agent

police officer

imf (impossible mission force; mission impossible)

mermaid

vampire

fairy

superhero

supernatural

soulmate

destiny

musicals

broadway

coffee shop owner

library owner

apocalypse

android

aliens

angel

demon

amnesia

accidental marriage

blind date

bodyguard

camp counselor

celebrity

ceo

boss

choreographer

college student

teacher

dead/death

demigod

demon hunter

detective

dimension hopping

domestic

enemies / exes

fake dating/engagement/marriage

fashion designer

firefighter

forbidden love

fugitive

ghost

haunted house

hero/villain

high school/reunion

horror

hunger games

immortal

kidnapper/kidnapping

lawyer

lifeguard

mafia

military

murder mystery

musician

neighbor

office

parallel universe

paranormal investigator

pen pal

pet store

photographer

prank war

reality tv show

reporter

restaurant

road trip

resurrection

royalty

serial killer

social media

space

spy

stalker

street racing

tattoo shop

theater

thief

time travel

undead

undercover cop

vampire/vampire hunter

waiter

wedding planner

youtuber

zombie

[phoenixfire-thewizardgoddess]

Concepts to Consider!

Stuck artistically? Try any of the following AU concepts!

--------------------------------

1) MERMAIDS & SIRENS

2) PIRATES & GALLEONS

3) LOST AT SEA/SHIPWRECK/ADRIFT

4) LONE SURVIVOR

5) MONSTERS ARE REAL

6) FAE/FAIR FOLK

7) WINGS

8) DRAGONS & HARPIES

9) SWITCHING BODIES/CLOTHES/PERSONALITIES

10) WHERE THE HELL DID THIS INFANT/CREATURE COME FROM?

11) INTERGALACTIC TRAVELS

12) AIRSHIPS, BALLOONS AND FLOATING CITIES

13) DYSTOPIAN WORLDS BENEATH THE WAVES

14) CRYPTIDS & SUPERNATURAL BEINGS

15) ANCIENT GODS AWAKENED/IMBUED BY DEITIES

16) NECROMANCER & SURVIVALIST

17) ALCHEMY IN THE RENAISSANCE

18) CYBERNETIC FUTURE

19) ROBOAPOCALYPSE

20) ASSIGNED MAGE/WARRIOR/ROGUE/CLERIC AT BIRTH

21) HOSPITAL 

22) FOUND FAMILY

23) BUSINESS OWNER & ARTISAN

24) ALL IN THIS TOGETHER - SQUAD AFFECTION

25) BEG FOR DEATH (University)

26) SERIAL KILLER & WRITER (& SECRET AGENT)

27) TRAGIC ACCIDENT

28) FERAL CHILD/RAISED BY ANIMALS OR ALIENS

29) ALIEN ABDUCTION

30) AREA 51B: THE TRUTHENING

31) UNLEASHED CURSE

32) NEANDERTHALS/DINOSAURS

33) HUMANS CAN DO ONE THING THAT ALL OTHER ALIENS CAN’T 

34) ONE (1) WEIRD ABILITY OR POWER

35) WEAKNESS UNCOVERED, USURPED

36) DEATH, DYING & INEVITABILITY

37) HIDDEN TRAUMA ADDRESSED

38) QUEST

39) KNIGHTS & ROYALTY

40) TRAVELLING THROUGH TIME

41) SUPERHEROES & VILLAINS

42) MAD SCIENTIST/MISUNDERSTOOD INNOVATOR

43) YOUNGEST TO OLDEST

44) TRANSFORMATION

45) KIDNAPPED/ABDUCTED

46) TRAIN HEIST/BANK HEIST

47) CELESTIAL BEINGS

48) GRATUITOUS SELF-INSERT WHERE YOU ADOPT THAT ONE ANIMAL FROM A VIDEO GAME YOU ALWAYS WANTED TO HAVE AS A PET

48) MAGICAL GIRL/BOY MID-LIFE CRISIS (Happy 18th Birthday!) 48.1) Pamphlet: ‘So, you outlived all your friends and family...’

49) LIVING IN THE WILDERNESS/SURROUNDED BY NATURE

50) WORKING ON THE FARM

51) RUNNING AWAY TO THE CIRCUS

52) TRAVELLING THE WORLD(S)

53) LEARNING A TERRIBLE TRUTH/SECRET

54) FACE-TO-FACE WITH A CREATURE YOU THOUGHT AUSSIES WERE JUST SHITTING YOU ABOUT

54) POSSESSED

55) TRAPPED IN A WARZONE

56) ORPHANED, ALONE & FAR FROM THRONE

57) WITCHES, FAMILIARS & STORE-BOUGHT HELLFIRE

58) ANCIENT TECH/MAGIC DEVICE YOU CAN BOND WITH & PILOT

59) PACIFIC RIM/GIANT ASS ROBOTS

60) EVIL CORPORATION

61) SOULMATE MARK(S)

62) TIMER FOR DEATH (or SIGNIFICANT LIFE EVENTS)

63) HUMANITY ADAPTED FOR UNDERWATER LIFE/UNDERGROUND LIFE DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE

64) GRIEF/LOSS

65) ROADTRIP/QUEST

66) SOLVING AN ANCIENT MYSTERY

67) CRIMINAL INVESTIGATORS/DETECTIVES

68) LIVING ON THE MOON/MARS/SPACE STATIONS

69) [CENSORED]

70) SENTIENT PLANTS/PLANT LIFE

71) ICE AGE RETURNETH

72) APOCALYPSE (Natural, Zombie, Man-Made)

73) REBELLION & UPRISING

74) CELEBRITY & ENTOURAGE/BODYGUARDS

75) STARGAZING

76) DARK UNIVERSE/EVIL

77) ILLNESS/INJURY/IMPACT

78) TRAPPED

79) FIGHTING AN IMPOSSIBLE ENEMY/IT ALWAYS ENDS IN DEATH

80) A JUST REWARD

81) STEAMPUNK

82) GOTHIC (MODERN WORLD)

83) FUTURISTIC

84) WORLD-CLASS GAMER & COMPETITOR

85) COLLABORATING ON A COMIC (Writer & Artist)

86) TALKS TO ANIMALS

87) LOSS OF A SENSE/FIERCELY INDEPENDENT

88) BUYING THEIR FIRST (HAUNTED) HOUSE

89) A WISH WITH A SHARP TWIST

90) LOVE TO HATE/HATE TO LOVE

91) ROBOTS & CYBORGS

92) SUN & MOON

93) ATYPICAL CREATURES

94) WEAVING CARE AND PROTECTION INTO A HANDMADE GIFT

95) SACRIFICE/SACRIFICED

96)  DISSOCIATION/LOSS OF SELF

97) SCARRED/SCARS

98) INVISIBLE DAMAGE

99) BOUND BY SELF-IMPOSED SHACKLES

100) VICTORY AT A TERRIBLE COST

[cleucilaynesaustralianlitblog]

10 Interesting Australian Novels

The Secret River by Kate Grenville

“In 1806 William Thornhill, an illiterate English bargeman and a man of quick temper but deep compassion, steals a load of wood and, as a part of his lenient sentence, is deported, along with his beloved wife, Sal, to the New South Wales colony in what would become Australia. The Secret River is the tale of William and Sal’s deep love for their small, exotic corner of the new world, and William’s gradual realization that if he wants to make a home for his family, he must forcibly take the land from the people who came before him.” (Amazon.com)

2. The Brush Off: A Murray Whelan Mystery by Shane Maloney

“Murray Whelan is the political advisor to the newly appointed minister of culture, Angelo (“Tell me, Murray, what are the Arts?”) Agnelli, and he’s hanging on to his job by his toenails. On his first day, the disgruntled young artist Marcus Taylor is found dead, drowned in the ornamental moat outside the National Gallery. The police rule it a suicide, or perhaps an accident, but Murray is not so sure. Besides, this ugly incident occurred on Agnelli’s watch, so the heat is on. A born detective despite himself, Murray digs, and the deeper he goes, the more puzzling the mystery becomes. Who is this other painter, Victor Szabo, also dead, unknown in his lifetime and now the darling of the art world, with works fetching crazy prices—funded in part by the government? And what about suave businessman and art maven Lloyd Eastlake, who is whispering financial sweet nothings in Angelo Agnelli’s ear?” (Amazon.com)

3. The Dragon Man (Inspector Challis Mysteries) by Garry Disher

“A serial killer is on the loose in a small coastal town near Melbourne. Detective Inspector Hal Challis and his team must apprehend him before he strikes again. But first Challis must contend with the editor of a local news-paper who undermines his investigation at every turn and with his wife, who is attempting to resurrect their marriage through long-distance phone calls from a sanitarium where she has been imprisoned for the past eight years for attempted murder.” (Amazon.com)

4. Tomorrow, When the War Began by John Marsden

“When Ellie and her friends go camping, they have no idea they're leaving their old lives behind forever. Despite a less-than-tragic food shortage and a secret crush or two, everything goes as planned. But a week later, they return home to find their houses empty and their pets starving. Something has gone wrong--horribly wrong. Before long, they realize the country has been invaded, and the entire town has been captured--including their families and all their friends.” (Amazon.com)

5. True History of the Kelly Gang by Peter Carey

“In True History of the Kelly Gang, the legendary Ned Kelly speaks for himself, scribbling his narrative on errant scraps of paper in semiliterate but magically descriptive prose as he flees from the police. To his pursuers, Kelly is nothing but a monstrous criminal, a thief and a murderer. To his own people, the lowly class of ordinary Australians, the bushranger is a hero, defying the authority of the English to direct their lives. Indentured by his bootlegger mother to a famous horse thief (who was also her lover), Ned saw his first prison cell at 15 and by the age of 26 had become the most wanted man in the wild colony of Victoria, taking over whole towns and defying the law until he was finally captured and hanged.” (Amazon.com)

6. The Rosie Project by Graeme Simsion

“Rosie Jarman possesses all these qualities. Don easily disqualifies her as a candidate for The Wife Project (even if she is “quite intelligent for a barmaid”). But Don is intrigued by Rosie’s own quest to identify her biological father. When an unlikely relationship develops as they collaborate on The Father Project, Don is forced to confront the spontaneous whirlwind that is Rosie―and the realization that, despite your best scientific efforts, you don’t find love, it finds you.” (Amazon.com)

7. Cocaine Blues (Phryne Fisher Mysteries) by Kerry Greenwood

“The London season is in full fling at the end of the 1920s, but the Honourable Phryne Fisher―she of the green-gray eyes, diamant garters, and outfits that should not be sprung suddenly on those of nervous dispositions―is rapidly tiring of the tedium of arranging flowers, making polite conversations with retired colonels, and dancing with weak-chinned men. Instead, Phryne decides it might be rather amusing to try her hand at being a lady detective in Melbourne, Australia. Almost immediately from the time she books into the Windsor Hotel, Phryne is embroiled in mystery: poisoned wives, cocaine smuggling rings, corrupt cops, and communism―not to mention erotic encounters with the beautiful Russian dancer, Sasha de Lisse―until her adventure reaches its steamy end in the Turkish baths of Little Lonsdale Street.” (Amazon.com)

8. The Dry by Jane Harper

“After getting a note demanding his presence, Federal Agent Aaron Falk arrives in his hometown for the first time in decades to attend the funeral of his best friend, Luke. Twenty years ago when Falk was accused of murder, Luke was his alibi. Falk and his father fled under a cloud of suspicion, saved from prosecution only because of Luke’s steadfast claim that the boys had been together at the time of the crime. But now more than one person knows they didn’t tell the truth back then, and Luke is dead.” (Amazon.com)

9. Voss by Patrick White

“Set in nineteenth-century Australia, Voss is White's best-known book, a sweeping novel about a secret passion between the explorer Voss and the young orphan Laura. As Voss is tested by hardship, mutiny, and betrayal during his crossing of the brutal Australian desert, Laura awaits his return in Sydney, where she endures their months of separation as if her life were a dream and Voss the only reality. Marrying a sensitive rendering of hidden love with a stark adventure narrative, Voss is a novel of extraordinary power and virtuosity from a twentieth-century master.” (Amazon.com)

10. Breath by Tim Winton

“On the wild, lonely coast of Western Australia, two thrillseeking and barely adolescent boys fall into the enigmatic thrall of veteran big-wave surfer Sando. Together they form an odd but elite trio. The grown man initiates the boys into a kind of Spartan ethos, a regimen of risk and challenge, where they test themselves in storm swells on remote and shark-infested reefs, pushing each other to the edges of endurance, courage, and sanity. But where is all this heading? Why is their mentor’s past such forbidden territory? And what can explain his American wife’s peculiar behavior? Venturing beyond all limits—in relationships, in physical challenge, and in sexual behavior—there is a point where oblivion is the only outcome.” (Amazon.com)

Bonus 11. That Deadman Dance by Kim Scott

“Bobby Wabalanginy is a young Noongar man, smart, resourceful, and eager to please. He befriends the European arrivals, joining them as they hunt whales, till the land, and establish their new colony. He is welcomed into a prosperous white family, and eventually finds himself falling in love with the daughter, Christine. But slowly-by design and by hazard-things begin to change. Not everyone is happy with how the colony is progressing. Livestock mysteriously start to disappear, crops are destroyed, there are "accidents" and injuries on both sides. As the Europeans impose ever-stricter rules and regulations in order to keep the peace, Bobby's Elders decide they must respond in kind, and Bobby is forced to take sides, inexorably drawn into a series of events that will forever change the future of his country.” (Amazon.com)

[aleesblog]

Crime and Parkinson's The Jury is Out  Movement Disorders August 2018

Background

A recent murder trial in Belgium attracted widespread media attention and raised concerns within the Parkinson’s community. On trial was a 55-year-old man with a 14-year history of Parkinson’s disease (PD), who confessed to raping and then murdering two women and who attempted to victimize two further women in a similar way. His defence lawyers argued that pathological impulsivity caused by his dopaminergic treatment was responsible for his actions. Our aim here is to place this devastating case history in a broader perspective, highlighting the need to carefully judge a person’s actions against the background of a highly complex neuropsychiatric disorder like PD, its treatment and treatment-related side effects, substance abuse, and any premorbid character traits.

 The case

A full transcription of the case is not available to us, but several details became public as a consequence of the intense media interest. We share several potentially relevant items here. The accused was diagnosed with PD in 2004 (at the age of 41 years) and started treatment with pramipexole in 2010. He had abused cocaine and alcohol for several years prior to his neurological diagnosis and continued to do so throughout the disease course. Expert forensic psychiatric evidence provided in court described him as narcissistic, manipulative and antisocial. Throughout his life, he had numerous sexual relations with women and boasted about his stud-like sexual dominance. These premorbid personality characteristics worsened after PD was diagnosed.

 After his diagnosis of PD his cocaine use increased drastically and his sexual behaviour became more violent, including performing sadistic acts on his partners. This had occurred already years before the start of dopaminergic treatment. He was first arrested in 2014 after an unprovoked shooting incident, during which he randomly fired a bob gun at a woman. Prior to that, he had murdered an older lady, and unsuccessfully attempted to break into the house of another woman with the intention of killing her. Shortly after release from prison, he unsuccessfully assaulted another woman. He was finally arrested at the end of 2015 after murdering an ex-girlfriend in an extreme act of sadistic violence, which he had recorded on videotape. He confessed and admitted the planning of more homicides.

 In court, the defence argued that dopaminergic treatment had caused a change in behaviour, with obsessive thoughts, repetitive actions and hobbyism (playing with miniature train sets). They interpreted these as signs of an impulse control disorder and suggested a causal link with paraphilia and the urge to commit homicide. It is unclear from the media reports whether any attempts were made to modify his treatment. Nevertheless, some newspaper articles had sensational headlines, stating that the defendant "became a serial killer after intake of antiparkinsonian treatment". The forensic psychiatrists refuted the defence lawyers' arguments and stressed the accused’s premorbid sociopathic personality and the meticulous and premeditated planning of his crimes. He was found guilty of all charges and held accountable for his actions, and finally sentenced for life.

 Discussion

Regardless of the outcome of this specific trial, we consider it important to discuss whether this unfortunate case history might point to a larger and hitherto undetected problem, and address carefully whether a potential relationship might exist between PD and its treatment on the one hand, and aggressive behaviour – causing an urge to commit homicides ��� on the other.

 In contrast to other neurodegenerative disorders, such as frontotemporal dementia and Huntington's disease1,2, there seems to be no reason to suspect an overrepresentation of patients with PD in homicide statistics. Thus far, only a handful of cases have linked PD to aggression. The first was a case of unprovoked violence in a 77-year old man with a 10-year history of PD who was treated with dopamine receptor agonists3. His prior history mentioned a single episode of depression 20 years earlier. There were no previous bouts of violence or aggression. This patient violently attacked his wife with a knife. He was found to be hallucinating and confused, apparently due to self-medication with dopamine receptor agonists, attempting to improve his progressing motor symptoms. Cognitive testing suggested mild cognitive impairment. No further aggressive episodes were seen during follow-up, and confusion disappeared when his dopaminergic treatment was modified. The patient expressed remorse on what had happened. This report pointed to an unequivocal temporal relation with overdosing of dopaminergic agonists in the setting of drug-induced hallucinations and confusion.

 The second case involved serial pet killing by a patient with early-onset PD who was treated with high doses of pramipexole4. This patient had a longstanding prior history of psychiatric problems with drug abuse, depression, suicidal attempts and repeated aggression to others. He experienced his misdemeanour as an urge he could not resist, but also wanted to be helped and expressed remorse. His symptoms disappeared after switching pramipexole to levodopa and adding clozapine.

 We are personally aware of 1 more ill-documented case of severely violent aggression in a PD patient. It concerned a middle-aged patient, who was treated with a moderate dose of levodopa and a dopamine agonist for several years. This man attempted to kill his former girlfriend in an act of jealousy. The patient was cognitively intact and was not delusional at the time of the attempted homicide. A forensic psychiatric examination identified antisocial traits in his personality profile and presented evidence that these had been present before his disease. This patient was convicted to emprisonment (P. Santens, unpublished observations). Finally, one of us (A.J. Lees) is aware of two cases of attempted rape committed by patients with PD. There are also media reports of rape cases and a poorly documented homicide committed by an 82-year-old man with PD.

 Is it reasonable to suspect that criminal behaviour could reflect an impulse control disorder, as a side effect of dopaminergic medication? The presence of impulse control disorders following treatment with dopaminergic agents is well documented, occurring in up to 20% of PD patients over the course of their illness, with a preponderance of younger men, and especially those who demonstrated a premorbid tendency for impulsivity5. Compulsive sexual behaviour, leading to inappropriate actions such as repetitive masturbation, exhibitionism, voyeurism and an obsessive interest in pornography has been reported6. In addition, cases of paraphilia, including (transvestic) fetishism, have also been published7. Although a novel interest in violent sexual acts such as sadomasochistic sexual activity and strangulation are not usually included in this list, such rare cases with even penal consequences have been reported8. There are also rare reports of pedophilic behaviour in treated PD patients, but in these cases, insight seemed to be retained and the behaviour occurred against a general background of marked hypersexuality9. It remains to be established to what extent these sexually aberrant phenomena correlate with premorbid features and behavior.

Although impairments of social cognition have been found in PD10 and can be explained by existing models of basal ganglia dysfunction11, there is no unequivocal evidence for a severe disruption of moral decision making that correlates with dopaminergic treatment12. Further research in moral neuroscience is needed, but until new insights arise, there is currently no evidence that impulsivity caused by dopamine replacement therapy alone can serve as a valid defence in homicide cases. However, there is little doubt that this argumentation will be used by the defense in every case involving criminal activities by a patient with PD and dopaminergic treatment to suggest nonaccountability.

 There may be other possible explanations for a relation between PD and criminal (or other aggressive deviant) behavior. First, special attention should be paid to patients with detectable deterioration of cognition, in whom moral judgment might be impaired in the context of dementia. In these patients, aggression and violence may occur more easily, particularly among patients with a premorbid personality profile fitting with such aggression and violence. Second, psychotic episodes may severely disrupt the interpretation of reality and lead to acts of violence due to hallucinatory or delusional experiences.

 We conclude that violent and criminal behaviour in PD patients has been reported only scarcely. Although it is likely that this reflects its rare occurrence, we suspect that there is underreporting of these cases in the medical literature. We therefore urge the movement disorder community to report additional cases of violent criminal behaviour in PD patients whenever they are encountered. The interpretation of such behaviour in relation to the disease and its treatment should be done very carefully, and must include an analysis of premorbid personality traits, thorough investigation of the nature of the defective behaviour and an appreciation of the temporal relation with start of dopamine replacement treatment and any dose augmentations (and similarly, any improvements following dose reductions or cessation of treatment). We should avoid making generalizable statements concerning the relation between PD (and its treatment) with criminal acts to avoid unfair stigmatization of this already vulnerable population of patients, especially in this era of social media and rapid unfiltered diffusion of messages. Adverse publicity including headlines such as ‘Sick old man chases nurses round the ward’ delayed the widespread introduction of levodopa in the nineteen sixties, as the medication was viewed as a powerful drug that should only be used in specialist centers. Likewise, although we are beginning to overcome the harmful phobia for levodopa and other dopaminergic medications13, we should also avoid installing a new and unnecessary fear of dopaminergic medication among patients as this might lead to anxiety and avoidable disability. Meanwhile, however, clinicians should remain aware of behavioral alterations as a potential source of disability in patients with PD, and therefore evaluation and, if necessary, remediation of behavior should be considered an integral part of the follow-up of patients.

 References

1.     Liljegren M, Naasan G, Temlett J, Perry DC, Rankin KP, Merrilees J, Grinberg LT, Seeley WW, Englund E, Miller BL. Criminal behavior in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol 2015; 72: 295-300.

2.     Jensen P, Fenger K, Bolwig TG, Sørensen SA. Crime in Huntington's disease: a study of registered offences among patients, relatives, and controls. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 65: 467-471.

3.     Prat SS, Losier BJ, Moulden HM, Chaimowitz GA. Incapacity of the Mind Secondary to Medication Misuse as a Not Criminally Responsible Defence. Forensic Sci 2017; 62: 267-269.

4.     Micheli F, Pellene A, Arcushin D, Calzinari A, Farret MS. Pet killing as a manifestation of impulse control disorder secondary to pramipexol. Clin Neuropharmacol 2015; 38: 55-56.

5.     Weintraub D, Claassen DO. Impulse Control and Related Disorders in Parkinson's Disease. Int Rev Neurobiol 2017; 133: 679-717.

6.     Nakum S, Cavanna AE. The prevalence and clinical characteristics of hypersexuality in patients with Parkinson's disease following dopaminergic therapy: A systematic literature review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 25: 10-16.

7.     Pineau F, Schüpbach M, Corvol JC, Flamand-Rouvière C, Vidailhet M, Roze E. Long-standing paraphilia induced by dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2010; 25: 963-965.

8.     Solla P, Bortolato M, Cannas A, Mulas CS, Marrosu F. Paraphilias and paraphilic disorders in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review of the literature. Mov Disord 2015;30:604-613.

9.     Mendez M, Shapira JS. Pedophilic behavior from brain disease. J Sex Med 2011 ; 8: 1092-1100.  

10.  Bora E, Walterfang M, Velakoulis D. Theory of mind in Parkinson’s disease: A meta-analysis. Behav Brain Res 2015; 292: 515–520.

11.  Frank MJ, Seeberger LC, O'reilly RC. By carrot or by stick: cognitive reinforcement learning in parkinsonism. Science 2004; 306: 1940-1943.

12.  Rosen JB, Rott E, Ebersbach G, Kalbe E. Altered moral decision-making in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 2015; 21: 1191-1199.

13.  Kurlan R. "Levodopa phobia": a new iatrogenic cause of disability in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2005; 64: 923-9244.

[christopherkeelty]

[UPDATE: There’s a full list of this year’s mentee bios over at Dannie Morin’s site.] 

It’s been less than a year since my first Pitch Wars, but the contest is back and so am I, with a new novel and a new blog bio. Last year’s bio is still up if you’d like to read it–it includes both a snarky Joe Biden and my very favorite GIF of all time, Taylor Lautner’s sassy left hand. Being that this is my second year, and my second bio, I went Google-surfing in search of inspiration…

…and landed on the contestant survey for The Bachelor (Girl Questionnaire). Which, two things: (1) Yes, that’s really what they call it, and (2) it’s surprisingly boring.

As a proud member of the LGBT community, it seems only appropriate that I respond to the Girl Questionnaire, with select modifications to make it appropriate for a would-be Pitch Wars mentee.

Have you ever applied for the show before? If so, when?

I entered Pitch Wars in November 2013 with an adult sci-fi novel, Andromedan Sons. I didn’t come away with a mentor, but I got some awesome feedback from the mentors I queried, and even from one I didn’t [I won’t name anyone without permission]. I’m planning a revision of the book, but had to put that on the back burner while I wrote this year’s book:

Tsar Bomb is an adult thriller about a detective tracking a serial killer while carrying on a love affair with a ghost who may have been one of his victims. It’s complete, it’s a little over 80,000 words long, and you’ll get to know more if you’re one of my four chosen mentees–or if the concept sounds enticing and you tweet me. I’m always happy to talk about my book.

Have you ever had a temporary restraining order issued against someone or had one issued against you?

No, I’m a very sane and reasonable person with whom any mentee (and/or agent) would be happy to work. But isn’t it great this question is on the Bachelor questionnaire?

Do you drink alcoholic beverages? 

Does a novelist shit in the woods? Is the bear Catholic?

I’m a whiskey man, though recently I’m discovering the glory of gin, and I’m a huge fan of craft beer. I’m always happy to share recommendations, both for beers and for places in NYC to obtain said beers. I’m also an ace quizzo partner, thanks to my love of trivia. Nobody took me up on that last year, so I’m hoping this year will be magic in more ways than one.

Please describe your ideal mate in terms of physical attraction and in terms of personality attraction.

I’m going to use “mate” to mean “Pitch Wars mentee.” Physically, I’m picturing someone human. In my experience, animals don’t know the first thing about writing. I mean come on. “SOME PIG?” It’s derivative. Beyond that, I don’t have a lot of physical criteria.

In terms of personality, I’m looking for someone fun and open-minded, who loves my book and wants to be brutally honest about how I can make it better, who won’t hold back on critique for fear of hurting my feelings. Someone who appreciates both the art and the craft of writing. Someone who shares my interest in social justice and LGBT issues would be great, but I don’t think it’s vital, especially with this particular manuscript.

What are your hobbies and interests? 

I’m really into politics and current events, as you’ll see if you poke around this blog. I’m pretty lefty myself, but I believe in fostering an open and respectful dialogue between people of different perspectives. I enjoy cooking–my specialty is New Orleans-style Creole, but I’m told I’m pretty good with German food too. I’ve played ice hockey for about 15 years (I’m a goalie) and this year I took up softball–my girlfriend and I joined an LGBT league here in New York City. We went winless, but we had a great time. Oh, and I started running a couple of years ago, and have logged almost 3,500 miles so far. Mostly I do it to keep in shape, but races can be pretty fun.

  Do you have any pets?

Over the years I’ve had a dog, several cats, a couple of snakes, a bird, and a crayfish. Right now my girlfriend and I have two cats. Both are adorable, though their personalities couldn’t be more different. We had a third, but she moved in with my parents because she’s elderly and appreciated a slower, quieter life outside the big city.

Do you have any special talents? Tell us!

Okay, okay! Jeez, The Bachelor, simmer down!

Aside from my wealth of useless trivia (especially relating to animals) I can still do a full split–the benefit of being a hockey goalie for years. I’m a pretty okay artist (you may have seen one of my cartoons floating around the web) and can butcher several well-known songs on the acoustic guitar. Oh, and I do a mean smoky eye–owing mostly to my club-kid days back in Pittsburgh.

List 3 adjectives that would surprise people about you: 

I think a lot of people get the wrong impression about me, because I’ve learned over the years to act like a confident, extroverted person. Three adjectives I think would surprise people would be: Intoverted, sensitive, and anxious.

Do you have any tattoos? If yes, what are they? And where are they located on your body?

I have one, on my back between my shoulder blades. It’s two Tengwar characters from Tolkein’s Elvish alphabet (an ore and an umbar), and essentially means “heart (or will) over fate.” This is probably not the kind of sexy-sexy answer The Bachelor folks are seeking, but as an aspiring author I think it gives me just the right amount of nerd-cred.

I’ve sworn not to get another tattoo until I get a novel published, and then I’m considering getting one for each book. I haven’t decided what the actual tattoo would be, though. I imagine that’s the kind of thing a Pitch Wars mentor would have rights to suggest.

What accomplishment are you most proud of?

(Seriously, The Bachelor, ending a sentence in a preposition? Do you even want this query read?)

Yep, an actual insightful question, from The Bachelor “Girl Questionnaire.” And it’s a good one, too. I have a few things I’m pretty proud of, from finishing a marathon in under four hours to convincing my amazing girlfriend to move in together to that Breaking Bad cartoon that went viral and got me on the Huffington Post (not to mention convincing Michael Moore to follow me on Twitter).

But Tsar Bomb, the book I’m submitting for Pitch Wars, is probably the thing I take the most pride in, because it’s the first novel I’ve finished in under a year. It’s a concept I’ve been toying with for years, sure, but I started the manuscript in August of 2013, and had it with my beta readers (who have universally really enjoyed it) in June. I used to regard the need to turn out novels quickly as a major obstacle to making a career as an author, and this book showed me I can do it.

Now I just need a partner who can help me be at my best, so I can find an audience and hopefully become a Pitch Wars mentor myself. If you’re one of my would-be mentors, I hope it will be you!

  #PitchWars 2014: The Mentee Bio   It's been less than a year since my first Pitch Wars, but the contest is back and so am I, with a new novel and a new blog bio.