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mohitmaximize · 3 years

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Sodium Dichromate Market Analysis, Growth by Top Companies, Trends by Types and Application, Forecast to 2027

Introduction of Sodium Dichromate Market :

Sodium dichromate is sold in both solution and crystalline forms. It has bright orange colour and has a molecular weight of 298 grams/mol (g/mol). It is also known as sodium bichromate dihydrate. The chemical formula for the compound is Na2Cr2O7 2H2O. It is highly soluble in water.

Maximize Market Research report is a user-based library of a Sodium Dichromate Market report database, delivers comprehensive reports with a detailed analysis of changing market trends, key segments, top investment organisations, value chain, regional landscape, and competitive scenario.

Each and every insights presented in the reports published by expert group of Maximize Market Research, which is derived from primary interviews with top officials from leading companies of the domain concerned. Report’s secondary data research methodology includes deep online and offline research and discussion with expert professionals and analysts in the industry. In report, Sodium Dichromate Market reports, industry trends have been explained on the macro level, which is expected to help to finding outline market landscape and probable future issues.

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COVID-19 Impact on Sodium Dichromate Market:

The report has identified detailed impact of COVID-19 on Sodium Dichromate Market in regions such as North America, Asia Pacific, Middle-East, Europe, and South America. The report provides Comprehensive analysis on alternatives, difficult conditions, and difficult scenarios of Sodium Dichromate Market during this crisis. The report briefly elaborates the advantages as well as the difficulties in terms of finance and market growth attained during the COVID-19. In addition, report offers a set of concepts, which is expected to aid readers in deciding and planning a strategy for their business.

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Sodium Dichromate Market Segmentation:

Sodium Dichromate Market size is studied using various approaches and analyses in this research report to provide reliable and in-depth information about the industry. It is segmented into numerous segments to cover various aspects of the market for a better understanding.

Sodium Dichromate Market Regional Insights:

Asia-Pacific (Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Korea, Thailand, India, Indonesia, and Australia)

Europe (Turkey, Germany, Russia UK, Italy, France, etc.)

North America (the United States, Mexico, and Canada.)

South America (Brazil etc.)

The Middle East and Africa (GCC Countries and Egypt.)

Key players:

The research report includes the current Sodium Dichromate Market size of the market and its growth rates based on 5-year statistics and records with company summary of Key players:

• Elementis plc (U.K) • Soda Sanayii (Turkey) • Lanxess (Germany) • Nippon Chemi-Con Corporation (Japan) • Yin He Holdings Limited (Hong Kong) • Sichuan Chemical Group Co., Ltd (China) • Vishnu Chemicals (India) • Haining Peace Chemical Co., Ltd (China) • ELEMENTIS CHROMIUM, LP • Gansu Qiyuan Chromate-Chemical Production Co., Limited (China) • Tianjin Mingyang Chemical Industry Co., Ltd (China). • Vishnu Chemicals • Occidental Chemical Corporation (Oxychem-Castle Hayne Plant) • Tianjin Bohai Chemical Industry Group

Prime Reasons to purchase a Sodium Dichromate Market research report:

The goal of this research report is to help consumers to gain a more information and clearer understanding of the industry. The Sodium Dichromate Market growth analysis includes development trends, competitive landscape analysis, investment plan, business strategy, opportunity, and key regions development status for international markets.

The Sodium Dichromate Market overview and the analysis of several affecting elements such as drivers, restraints, and opportunities.

Porter's Five Force Analysis and SWOT analysis are used to define, characterise, and analyse the market competition landscape, with a focus on key players.

Extensive analysis into the global Temperature Sensor competitive landscape

Identification and analysis of micro and macro elements that influence and will influence market growth.

A comprehensive list of major market players in the global Temperature Sensor industry.

In the Sodium Dichromate Market, it provides a descriptive study of demand-supply chaining.

Statistical study of certain key economic statistics

Figures, charts, graphs, and illustrations are used to clearly describe the market.

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#Sodium Dichromate Market Analysis

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rs12345 · 3 years

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Strontium Bromine Formula - An Overview

A Strontium Bromide Formula, or SrBu, is a compound which contains one molecule of strontium. Strontium is the most abundant mineral in the earth and is found in such varied forms that it is essentially 'forest green' in nature. The main reason for strontium use is the fact that strontium is useful as a source of energy. With strontium, it is possible to create energy with a high efficiency rating, and without emitting any greenhouse gases. However, strontium bromide formula is still being researched; this compound does have the ability to release energy at a much higher temperature than strontium chloride, but is not quite able to create that high temperatures and efficiency.

Strontium Bromide (SrB) is a commercial formulation made from strontium bromide. This commercial formulation is manufactured using non-renewable sources, and is therefore considered as a hazardous chemical compound. However, strontium bromide formula, also called strontium bromide, is still being researched. It is believed that strontium bromide formula may be able to produce electricity through thermal diffusion.

https://www.reportmines.com/edible-beans-market-in-vietnam-r185126

https://www.reportmines.com/edible-beans-market-in-malaysia-r185127

Strontium boron (SrB) is the main constituent of strontium bromide formula. The main difference between the two is that the latter is considered a non-toxic chemical compound, while the former is toxic, particularly when exposed to human skin. It was discovered in strontium minerals during the early 20th century, with the understanding of the harmful effects of asbestos. Since then, it has been used to stabilize barium oxide, which is a common component in smoke detectors.

Barium Bromide Formula SRB is the preferred replacement for strontium bromide. This is because it has proven to be a better compound, especially for the purpose of ceramic and glass. It has become one of the most commonly used chemical compounds, especially in the food and beverage industry. Some manufacturers are using this formula to preserve rice. In fact, the International Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved the use of this as a stabilizer for potassium bromides and sodium dichromate.

This stabilizer for potassium bromides and sodium dichromate prevents their poisonous effects on humans and animals. The American Elements website notes that this compound is usually prepared by combining strontium bromide and strontium carbonate. A number of different strontium bromide salts are available, which include those manufactured by Ciba Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi Aventis. The strontium bromide formula research is also available in tablet and capsule forms. It can be purchased directly from vendors online and in health food stores. The dietary supplements produced by the American Elements and other companies can also contain this compound.

The FDA has not approved the composition of strontium bromide formula SRB as a dietary supplement. The U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP) has not approved this composition for use as a dietary supplement either. This is because the USP requires the manufacturer of the tablets to list all of the ingredients in the composition of the tablets, including the quantities. The concentration of each ingredient in the tablet is also determined by the USP. The manufacturer of the strontium bromide formula weight loss supplement must list the ionic mineral content in milligrams for the United States, Canada, and the European Union.

https://www.reportmines.com/edible-beans-market-in-uk-r185128

https://www.reportmines.com/edible-beans-market-in-italy-r185129

However, the USP does not regulate the safety of the compounds included in the strontium bromide formula. The only way to determine the safety of the chemical formula is to conduct clinical trials. Clinical trials are designed to determine whether a new chemical is effective or not when used as a dietary supplement. Studies must also be conducted on humans to determine what the long term health consequences of using the chemical are. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is the cancer registry organization in the US responsible for determining if a new chemical is carcinogenic.

There are two main strontium bromide supplement manufacturers in the US. The two companies are Xtendlife and Creda. While Xtendlife markets their product under the brand name Strap, and Creda markets under the brand name RemFemin. However, there are other strontium supplement manufacturers producing supplements that use other names not mentioned here, or that are sold in combination with the two major brands.

Summary

Further key aspects of the report indicate that:

Chapter 1: Research Scope: Product Definition, Type, End-Use & Methodology

Chapter 2: Global Industry Summary

Chapter 3: Market Dynamics

Chapter 4: Global Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use

Chapter 5: North America Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use

Chapter 6: Europe Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use

Chapter 7: Asia-Pacific Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use

Chapter 8: South America Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use

Chapter 9: Middle East and Africa Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use.

Chapter 10: Market Competition by Companies

Chapter 11: Market forecast and environment forecast.

Chapter 12: Industry Summary.

The global Strontium Bromide market has the potential to grow with xx million USD with growing CAGR in the forecast period from 2021f to 2026f. Factors driving the market for @@@@@ are the significant development of demand and improvement of COVID-19 and geo-economics.

https://www.reportmines.com/edible-beans-market-in-france-r185130

Based on the type of product, the global Strontium Bromide market segmented into

Strontium Bromide Hexahydrate

Strontium Bromide Anhydrous

Based on the end-use, the global Strontium Bromide market classified into

Analytical Reagents

Pharmaceutical

Others

Based on geography, the global Strontium Bromide market segmented into

North America [U.S., Canada, Mexico]

Europe [Germany, UK, France, Italy, Rest of Europe]

Asia-Pacific [China, India, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, Australia, Rest of Asia Pacific]

South America [Brazil, Argentina, Rest of Latin America]

Middle East & Africa [GCC, North Africa, South Africa, Rest of Middle East and Africa]

And the major players included in the report are

Shanghai Xinbao Fine Chemical

Chongqing Huaqi Fine Chemical

S.K. Chemical

Axiom Chemicals

Barium Chemicals

ProChem

Celtic

City Chemical

Frequently Asked QuestionsWhat is the USP of the report?

Strontium Bromide Market report offers great insights of the market and consumer data and their interpretation through various figures and graphs. Report has embedded global market and regional market deep analysis through various research methodologies. The report also offers great competitor analysis of the industries and highlights the key aspect of their business like success stories, market development and growth rate.

What are the key content of the report?What are the value propositions and opportunities offered in this market research report?Related Reports

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lookchem-cas · 3 years

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Effective Management of the Digital Classroom: Classroom Management Tips...

　　Sodium dichromate

　　EINECS：234-190-3

　　CAS No.：10588-01-9

　　Density ：2.52 g/cm3

　　PSA ：123.63000

　　LogP： -0.78120

　　Solubility Melting Point ：356.7oC

　　Formula ：Na2Cr2O7

　　Boiling Point ：250-251°C(lit.)

　　Molecular Weight：261.97 Flash Point >230°F

　　Transport Information ：3086 Appearance red or red-orange

　　crystalline： solid

　　Safety ：53-45-60-61 Risk Codes 45-46-60-61-8-21-25-26-34-42/43-48/23-50/53

　　lookchem.com provides quotations and technical support for a wide range of CAS and chemical raw materials from China. As a comprehensive China factory supplier, we ensure reasonable quotations and competitive prices, as well as reliable and consistent product quality. We provide documents such as COA, TDS, MSDS, etc. for your reference. If you need to buy various CAS and chemical raw materials from China, please contact us at [email protected].

#Sodium dichromate

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researchetcsblog · 3 years

Text

Strontium Bromine Formula - An Overview

Summary

Further key aspects of the report indicate that:

Chapter 1: Research Scope: Product Definition, Type, End-Use & Methodology

Chapter 2: Global Industry Summary

Chapter 3: Market Dynamics

Chapter 4: Global Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use

Chapter 5: North America Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use

Chapter 6: Europe Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use

Chapter 7: Asia-Pacific Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use

Chapter 8: South America Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use

Chapter 9: Middle East and Africa Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use.

Chapter 10: Market Competition by Companies

Chapter 11: Market forecast and environment forecast.

Chapter 12: Industry Summary.

Based on the type of product, the global Strontium Bromide market segmented into

Strontium Bromide Hexahydrate

Strontium Bromide Anhydrous

Based on the end-use, the global Strontium Bromide market classified into

Analytical Reagents

Pharmaceutical

Others

Based on geography, the global Strontium Bromide market segmented into

North America [U.S., Canada, Mexico]

Europe [Germany, UK, France, Italy, Rest of Europe]

Asia-Pacific [China, India, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, Australia, Rest of Asia Pacific]

South America [Brazil, Argentina, Rest of Latin America]

Middle East & Africa [GCC, North Africa, South Africa, Rest of Middle East and Africa]

And the major players included in the report are

Shanghai Xinbao Fine Chemical

Chongqing Huaqi Fine Chemical

S.K. Chemical

Axiom Chemicals

Barium Chemicals

ProChem

Celtic

City Chemical

Structural Steel Pipe Market

Studio Headphones Market

Styrene Butadiene Block Copolymer Market

Styrene Isoprene Styrene Market

#strontium bromide formulastrontium bromide formula Researchstrontium bromide formula Research Reportsstrontium bromide formula Sharestrontiu

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juniperpublisherscasestudies · 4 years

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Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Case Studies

Charcoal and Ozone Treatment Process for the Effluents from Automobile Servicing Stations

Authored by Anil K Dwivedi

Abstract

Increasing vehicular load has increased the number of automobile servicing stations considerably. The effluent of automobile servicing stations, because of the content of oil and grease is very harmful for the aquatic life. Thus effluents of the automobile servicing stations have been subjected to the charcoal and ozone treatment. Charcoal treatment showed marked reduction in nitrate, phosphate, total hardness etc. in the water samples. But due to highly absorptive and porous nature reduction in DO was also recorded by charcoal treatment. Reduction in DO resulted in increase in BOD and COD. In the case of ozone treatment 100% removal of chromium from polluted water was surprising. Most of the parameters such as acidity, nitrate, phosphate, BOD, COD and total hardness showed reduction by ozone treatment. Ozone treatment also showed increase in the value of DO and total solids. Enormous increase in DO was recorded because ozone gas dissolves in the water and many fold increase in DO was recorded.

Keywords: Ozone treatment; Charcoal treatment; Automobile servicing station; Effluents; Ganga; Varanasi

Introduction

Varanasi is an industrialized city of the country, having more than five thousand large, basic and small scale industries which are situated in and around the city of Varanasi (District Industry Office Records) Manufacturing metal products, chemicals and chemical products, electrical and batter industries, food products, spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles, transport equipments, motor servicing stations, furniture and fixtures, non-metal mineral products, beverages, rubber products including tyre and leather and numerous other products are the prominent. Due to increasing population, coupled by rapid urbanization of the number of automobile servicing stations have increased exponentially in Varanasi. Untreated effluents from these industries containing toxic components, oil and grease, chemicals and other hazardous pollutants are discharged into the nearby water bodies [1], which may be lotic or lentic; ultimately they reach river Ganga directly or indirectly [2].Due to increasing vehicular load the number of automobile servicing station has also increased exponentially, during the last few years. The effluents of automobile servicing station are rich in oil and grease, which affect the surface tension of the water and make a layer over the water surface [3,4]. Thus, the effluent of automobile servicing stations is very much harmful for the flora as well as fauna of the water bodies [5]. The most affected parameter is the oxygen budget, i.e. DO, BOD and COD [6].

Practically feasible and economical treatment procedure for the effluents of automobile servicing station, which may be suitable for Varanasi was needed [7] and this lead to design this research work.

Material and Methods

The study site

Present study was conducted in the cultural capital of India and the holy city Varanasi, which is situated in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, a province of India located in core of the Indian subcontinent, lying in the middle of Gangetic plain. On the globe, Varanasi finds its location at 25°18‘ North, 83°1’ East and 76.19 m above the sea level.

The selected research site was near Chaukaghat, which poured the discharge from the Chaukaghat nala. This site was located very close to the old G.T. (Grand Trunk) road. The most common profession in this area was heavy and light vehicles servicing including their washing and painting. Average discharge of Chaukaghat nala was 2.55mld (million liters per day).

Methodology

Potentiometric titration method was used for the determination of acidity of water. Winkler’s modified azide method was used for the estimation of Dissolved oxygen of water (APHA, 1998). Dissolved oxygen of water sample was measured by precipitating as basic manganic oxide, which is dissolved by concentrated sulphuric acid forming manganic sulphate. It immediately reacts with potassium iodide already present, liberating iodine, which is determined by titration with sodium thiosulphate (0.025N).

The basic principle underlying the BOD5 determination is the measurement of the dissolved oxygen content of the sample before and after five days incubation at 20 °C. To measure the dissolved oxygen content of the water samples, Winklers modified azide method was used.

COD is a measure of oxygen equivalent of those constituents in the sample which are susceptible to dichromate oxidation in acidic condition [8]. The known volume of water sample was refluxed with known volume of potassium dichromate and concentrated sulphuric acid for two hours. The remaining amount of potassium dichromate after completing reflux was titrated with ferrous ammonium sulphate using ferroin indicator.

Total hardness of water was estimated by EDTA titrimetric method.

Oil, grease and other extractable matters are dissolved in petroleum ether in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid and separated from the aqueous phase. The solvent layer is then evaporated and the residue is weighed as oil and grease, according to the given equation:

The phenol disulphonic acid method was applied for the analysis for nitrate-nitrogen.

Stannous chloride method was used for the determination of phosphate concentration in water sample.

Total solids of the samples were estimated by evaporating a measured volume of the samples in an oven at 1050C in a dry constant weight crucible. Following formula was used to calculate the total solids.

The experiment

50 litre of water sample was maintained in a 100 litre of aquarium. In the setup 10 small packets of tissue paper containing 1 gm activated charcoal each were sinked with the help of weight. Initial readings of all the variables were recorded and the same was analysed 24 hourly for 5 days, as designed by [9,10]. Maximum pollutant removal was recorded on the fourth day. Thus, the value of variables on the 4th day is expressed in the record.

For treatment of the river water two tire bubbling chamber of 12 litre capacity using glass was constructed, whose common surface consisted of profuse perforation, as designed by [11]. The chamber was filled with 10 litre of water sample collected from the polluted study site. Inlet of the lower tire was connected to the modified Siemen-Halske Ozonizer, which consisted of earthed cast iron box and a number of aluminium rods surrounded by glass cylinders cooled by water. The rods are charged to high potential and the air passing through the annular space gets ozonized.

Ozonized gas was passed through the bubbler which comes above, crossing the water in the form of minute bubbles. Change in the parameters was recorded hourly and the maximum pollution removal was found after 6 hours treatment, thus, only this value is expressed in the record.

Result and Discussion

Table 1 Results of the treatments, along with the percentage change in the parameters have been shown in the table 1. Change in all the parameters have been recorded, similar to the findings of [12]. Reduction in total hardness, acidity and nitrate by more than 70% in charcoal treatment is a good response; at the same time the ozone treatment was found to be more affective [13- 16]. Depending on the nature of pollutants, activated charcoal and ozone treatment was supposed to be the most suitable chemical treatment practice. Charcoal treatment showed marked reduction in nitrate, phosphate, total hardness etc. in the water sample, similar to the findings of [17]. But due to highly absorptive and porous nature reduction in DO was also recorded by charcoal treatment, as also reported by [18]. Reduction in DO resulted in increase in BOD and COD, parallel to the findings of [9,19,20] These three are very sensitive parameters for the water quality, thus, this recorded as a prominent drawback of this treatment.

Reduction in acidity, nitrate, phosphate, BOD, COD and total hardness was recorded. Ozone treatment also showed increase in the value of DO and total solids. Enormous increase in DO was recorded because ozone gas dissolves in the water and many fold increase in DO was recorded [21]. The reason for increase in total solids may be due to precipitation of all the pollutants in the form of oxides as a result the amount of total solids by this treatment would have increased. Except only one drawback i.e. increase in the total solids, the ozone treatment was most convincing treatment process [22-24].

Conclusion

Charcoal treatment showed marked reduction in nitrate, phosphate, total hardness etc. in the water sample. But due to highly absorptive and porous nature reduction in DO was also recorded by charcoal treatment. Reduction in DO resulted in increase in BOD and COD. These three are very sensitive parameters for the water quality, thus, this was recorded as a prominent drawback of this treatment.

Reduction in acidity, nitrate, phosphate, BOD, COD and total hardness was recorded. Ozone treatment showed significant increase in the value of DO and total solids.

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juniperpublisherscellscienc-blog · 5 years

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Evaluation of antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of Vernonia amygdalina- Juniper Publishers

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity and cytotoxic properties of Vernonia amygdalina. The free radical scavenging activity using a stable radical; 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl, lipid peroxidation assay (DPPH), and nitric oxide inhibitory assay gave the highest percentage inhibition as 74.55±1.07%; IC50 = 1.831, 60.42±0.11; IC50 = 3.84 ± 1.03 and 71.26±0.48; IC50 = 0.99mg/ml, respectively. This is comparable to the standards quercetin used (P>0.05). In addition; total phenol, total flavoniods, anthocyanin and proanthocyanidine of the extract were determined using established methods. The results obtained justify the scavenging activity of the extracts. Furthermore, the extracts possessed very low cytotoxicity to brine-shrimp lethality test, when compared with the reference standard (Potassium dichromate, LC50 = 0.003±μg/mL). The results obtained in the study indicate that V. amygdalina can be a safe potential source of natural antioxidant agent; used as a neutralcetical/functional food..

Keywords: 2; 2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl; Antioxidant; Cytotoxicity; Veronia amygdalinais

Introduction

Vernonia amygdalina is a shrub that grows predominantly in the tropical Africa. Leaves from this plant serve as food vegetable and culinary herb in soup [1]. Anecdotal evidences suggest the use of V. amygdalina in the treatment of feverish condition, cough, constipation, hypertension and related vascular diseases as well as diabetes. Photochemical screening of this plant leaves extracts showed the presence of Saponins, riboflavin, polyphenols, sesquiterpene and flavonoids [2]. Strong antioxidant activities involving flavonoids extracted from V. amygdalina and its saponins have been reported to elicit anti-tumoral activities in leukemia cells [3]. In addition, peptides from V. amygdalina are known to be potent inhibitor of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) which is involved in the regulation and growth of breast tumour [4].

Previous studies have shown that a good number of plants have antioxidant activities that could be therapeutically beneficial. Consequently, antioxidant agents of natural origin have attracted special interest because of the potential they hold in the maintenance of health and protection of some age related degeneration disorders, such as coronary heart disease and cancer, neurodegenerative disease [5-7].

Although, antioxidants from natural sources are beneficial, it is pertinent to know their bio-safety. In this regard, the brine shrimp lethality assay is considered a useful tool for preliminary assessment of toxicity of plant extracts; a suggested pharmaco logical screening method in plant extracts. It has been used for the detection of fungal toxins, plant extract toxicity. The shrimp lethality assay was proposed by Michael and co-workers in 1956, and later developed by Vanhaecker and his group in 1981. This is based on the principle, whereby the kill laboratory-culture of an invertebrate, Artemia salina L (the brine shrimp larva) following exposure to a varied concentration of plant extracts, heavy metals, cyan bacteria toxins and pesticides, is assessed for toxicity [8]. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the acute toxicity and antioxidant properties of V. amygdalina in relation to its use as a neutralcetical.

Materials and Methods

V. Amygdalina: Fresh leaves of V. amygdalina were collected from the University Village, Kogi State University, Nigeria. The plant material was identified and authenticated by taxonomist in the Department of Botany, Kogi State University, where the voucher specimen (VA-111) was deposited. Fresh leaves of V. amygdalina were air dried under room temperature until a constant weight was obtained. Thereafter, the leaves were milled to a coarse powder with the use of laboratory Mortar and Pestle. After this, 20g of the plant powder was weighed into a volumetric flask and then extracted using 200mls of distilled water for 72 hours. The crude extract was obtained by concentrating the water soluble extract using rotary evaporator at 45 °C. The working solution of extract was prepared by weighing out 0.02g of crude extract accurately and dissolved it in 20ml of distilled water to give an effective concentration of 1mg /ml.

Radical scavenging activity

In order to determine the antioxidant properties of the plant, radical scavenging activities of the leaves extract, was determined using the stable radical DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1 piccrlhydrazyl hydrate) according to the method of Blois (1958) as describe by Babalola and co-workers [9]. The principle is based on the reaction of DPPH, and an antioxidant compound to generate hydrogen, which is reduced (DPPH + RH → DPPH2 + R). The observed colour change from deep violet to light yellow was measured at 517nm. To 1ml of varied concentrations (0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.003125mg/ml) of the extract or standard, was added 1ml of 0.3mM DPPH in methanol. The mixture was vortexed, and then incubated in a dark chamber for 30minutes. Thereafter the absorbance was read at 517nm against a DPPH control containing only 1ml of methanol in place of the extract. The antioxidant activity (AA) was then calculated using the formula:

AA = [(Ao – Ac)/Ao] x 100,

Where: Ao = absorbance without extract and Ac = absorbance with extract.

Nitric oxide

Sodium nitroprusside generates nitric oxide in aqueous solution at Physiological pH, which consequently interacts with oxygen to produce nitric ions. This was measured by Griess reaction [10].

Procedure: 3ml of the reaction mixture containing sodium nitroprusside (10mM) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) together with the varying concentrations of the extract (0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.003125mg/ml) were incubated in a water bath at room temperature for 150 minutes. This was followed by the removal of 1.5 ml of the reaction mixture and the addition of 1.5 ml of Griess reagent. After which, the absorbance of the chromophore formed was read using spectrophotometer at 546nm. Percentage inhibition of nitric oxide radical by the extract was calculated using the formula:

NO = [(1-E/C)] x 100,

Where: C= absorbance value of the fully

Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) assay

The FRAP assay used antioxidants as reductant in a redox linked colorimetric method with absorbance measured with a spectrophotometer. A 300mmol/L acetate buffer of pH 3.6 (3.1g of sodium acetate+16ml of glacial acetic acid made up to 1L with distilled water, 10mmol/L 2, 4, 6-tri (2-pyridyl 1, 3, 5-triazine, 98% (sigma-Aldrich) (3.1mg/ml in 40mmol/L HCl) and 20mmol/L of ferric chloride were mixed together in the ratio of 10:1:1, respectively to give the FRAP working reagent.

Procedure: A 50μL aliquot of extract was added to 1.5ml of FRAP reagent in a semi-micro plastic cuvette. Absorbance measurement was taken at 593nm (A593) exactly 10 minutes after mixing using 50μL of water as the reference. Thereafter, to standardize 50μL of the standard, iron (III) sulphate, (1mM) was added to 1.5ml of FRAP reagent. All measurement was taken at room temperature in the absence of light.

Evaluation of total phenolic content

The total phenolic of V.amygdalina extract was determined using the folin ciocalten assay method of Singleton and Rossi (1965) [11]. To 0.1ml of 1mg/ml of extract /standard was added 0.9ml of distilled water. Thereafter, 0.2ml of folic reagent was added. This was vortex-missed. Subsequently, 1ml of 7 % Na2CO3 solution was added to the mixture after 5minutes. The solution was followed by dilution to 2.5ml and then incubated for 90minutes at room temperature. The absorbance was read at 750nm against the reagent blank. Standard preparation was carried out by preparing a stock solution of gallic acid (1mg/ml) aliquots of 0.2,0.4, 0.6,0.8 and 1ml were taken and made up to a total volume of 2ml.

With the equation as shown below, the total phenolic content of the plants was then calculated, and expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g fresh weight. The analysis was carried out in triplicates.

Equation (1) - - - - -C=c *v/m

Where: C = total content of phenolic compound in gallic acid equivalent (GAE); c = concentration of gallic acid established from the calibration curve, mg/ml; V=volume of extract (ml); m = Weight of the crude methanolic plant obtained

Evaluation of total flavonoids content

Aluminium chloride colorimetric method described by Zhilen was used for the determination of the total flavonoidal content of the plant extract [5]. Water (0.4ml) was added to 0.1ml of extract/ standard, as well as 0.1ml of 5 % sodium nitrite. This was left for 5minutes. Thereafter, 0.1ml of 10 % aluminium chloride and 0.2 ml of sodium hydroxide was added to the solution, and the volume was adjusted to 2.5ml with water. The absorbance at 510nm was measured against the blank.

Standard preparation

A stock solution of quercetin (1mg/ml) was prepared. Aliquots of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1ml were taken and the volume made up to 2ml with distilled water.

The total flavonoid content of the plant extract was then calculated as shown in the equation below and expressed as mg quercetin equivalents per gram of the plant extract. The analysis was conducted duplicates and mean value considered. X = q×V/w: Where X= total content of flavonoid compound in quercetin equivalent; q = concentration of quercetin established from the standard curve; V=volume of extract (ml); w = weight of the crude methanolic extract obtained.

Proanthocyanidin content determination

The proanthocyanidin content of the extract was determined spectrophotometrically [12]. Extracts were diluted to provide a spectrophometric reading between 0.1 and 0.8 absorbance units.

Procedure: A 0.25ml sample aliquot of adequately diluted extract was added to 2.25ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid in n-butanol (10/90, v/v) in a screw top vial. The resulting solution was mixed for 10 to 15 seconds. Extracts were then heated for 90 minutes in an 85 °C water bath then cooled to 15-25 °C in an ice bath. The absorbance at 550nm was measured on a UV visible spectrophotometer. A control solution of each extract was prepared to account for background absorbance due to pigments in the extracts. The control solution consisted of the diluted extract prepared in the hydrochloric acid/n-butanol solvent without heating.

The proanthocyanidin content was expressed as mg cyaniding per Kg of sample.

Where:

ΔA = A550sample – A550control

A550 sample = Sample absorbance at 550nm

A550control = control sample absorbance at 550nm

Є = Molar absorbance co efficient of cyanidin (17,360L-1M- 1cm-1)

L= pathlenght (1cm)

MW= Molecular weight of cyaniding (287g/mol)

DF= dilution factor to express as g/L

1000 is the conversion from grams to milligram

Determination of total anthocyanin content

Total anthocyanin content of the extract was determined by the pH differential method [13].

Procedure: A pH 1.0 buffer solution was prepared by mixing 125ml of 0.2 N KCl with 385 ml of 0.2 N HCl and 490ml of distilled water. The pH of the buffer was adjusted to pH 1.0 with 0.2 N HCl.A pH 4.5 buffer solution was prepared by mixing 440ml 0f 1.0 M sodium acetate with 200ml, 1.0M HCl and 360ml of distilled water. The pH of the solution was measured and adjusted to pH 4.5 with 1.0 MHCl.

0.5ml of the extract was diluted to12.5ml in the pH 1.0 and 4.5 buffers, and allowed to equilibrate in the dark for 2 hours. The absorbance of the samples at 512nm (A512nm) and 700nm (A700nm) was measured on a UV- visible spectrophotometer. The difference in absorbance (ΔA) between the anthocyanin extract diluted in pH 1.0 and pH 4.5 buffers was calculated using the equation below

ΔA= (A512 pH1.0-A700nm pH1.0)-(A512nm pH4.5-A700nm pH 4.5)

The A700nm was employed in the calculation of ΔA to correct for any background absorbance due to turbidity on the extracts. The anthocyanin content was expressed as mg cyaninidin 3-glucoside per 100g berries using a molar absorbance co efficient (Є) of 26900 L-1M-1cm-1(Guisti and Wrolstad, 2001).

TACY = (ΔA×MW) ×DF×1000

Є ×0.1×1

Where:

TACY= Total anthocyanin expressed as mg cyaniding 3-glucoside/ 100g of plant material

MW= molecular weight of cyaniding 3-glucoside (449.2g/L)

DF= dilution factor to expressed the extracts on per gram of plant basis

Є= molar absorption co efficient of cyaniding 3-glucoside (26900 M-1cm-1)

0.1= is the conversion factor for per 1000 grams to 100 grams basis.

Brine shrimp bioassay

Brine shrimp lethality test was carried out using hatched Brine shrimp (Artemia salina L) larvae (nauplii) according to the procedure described by The eggs were hatched in artificial sea water (16g of sea salt in 50ml of distilled water) by adding 100mg of brine shrimp eggs to 50ml of sea water that was partitioned into two compartments. The compartment sprinkled with the cysts was left dark, while the other compartment was supplied with bright white fluorescent light. After 24hours of incubation, the hatched shrimps moved to the illuminated side. Ten brine shrimps larvae were then counted and transferred to each sample vial, using a Pasteur pipette and artificial sea water was added to make 10ml. The sample vials were previously containing solution of the extract prepared by dissolving 0.2g of the extract in 20ml distilled water to give concentration of 1mg/ml. The varied concentrations from the stock solution were transferred to different graduated container with the aid of a micropipette. The survivors were counted after 24 hours. Three independent studies were carried out (n =3).

Statistical Analysis

The results are expressed as mean±SEM using Graph Pad Prism Graphical-Statistical Package version 5. The difference between groups was analyzed by Student t-test followed by Dennett’s test with 5% level of significance (p<0.05).

Results

Antioxidants

The extract was assayed for total content of four major types of antioxidant properties. The antioxidant constituents were: to tal phenol, total flavonoid, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins. However, the percentage yield of the crude extract used for the assays is given as 10.11±1.08%. The results showed the total phenolic content as 1.588±0.04mgGAE/g, which is considerably high compared to the standard. The total flavonoid content expressed as quercetin equivalent per gram of the plant extract showed that the test material had 0.857±0.15mg QUE/g dry weight for the crude extract (Table 1). These two indices are pointer to an increased antioxidant activity. The concentration of anthocyanin in the sample was 0.099±0.08 cyanidin 3-glucoside/100g for the crude extract, while the concentrations of proanthocyanin was 0.038±0.05 cyanidin 3-glucoside/100g for the crude extract. Tannin was also assayed, and it gave a concentration of 1.188±0.04mg/ml (Table 1).

All values are expressed as mean±SEM (n=3)

Antiradicals

The result of the antiradical assays carried out on the extract is shown in Table 2. Using the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-piccrlhydrazyl hydrate) assay, a well established antiradical assay, the activity was concentration dependent i.e. activity increases with increase in concentration. The extract gave the highest inhibition of 74.55±1.07% at 0.005mg/ml. The calculated IC50 values for the test extract and standard Quercetin were 1.831±0.15 and 0.00326±0.24mg/ml, respectively Table 2. The extract used showed activity despite the significant difference (P<0.05) between the test and standard.

All values are expressed as mean±SEM (n=3). The level of activity between the crude extract and the standard Quercetin is significantly different (p<0.05)

All values are expressed as mean±SEM (n=3).

The nitric oxide inhibition assay also showed that V.amygdalina is a potent scavenger of nitric oxide as shown by the percentage inhibition and IC50 of 3.84±1.03mg/ml Table 3. The FRAP assay result showed a concentration dependent change when the FRAP values of the test fractions were determined. Results were expressed in mmol Fe2+/L. The concentration of Fe2+ in the reaction mixture at 0.5mg/ml, was given as 1.49±0.18 mmol Fe2+/l for the test extract (Table 4).

Brine shrimp lethality test

As shown in Table 5, the plant extract showed the highest percentage lethality to be 75% with LC50 of 1.49mg/ml, whereas, the LC50 for the positive standard (K2Cr2O7) was found to be 10.91±2.22μg/ml. The plant extract showed concentration at 50% percentage lethality to be a little greater than 1mg/ml compared to the standard. In essence, the test sample at the concentration used could be harmless to the biological system. All values are expressed as mean±SEM. This result is a triplicate of three independent experiments.

Discussion

Studies have shown that consumption of biosafe exogenous and natural antioxidant is beneficial, as regard combating diseas es such as cancer, arthritis, diabetes, among others. These diseases emanates from oxidative stress mostly caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) [14-16]. Moreover, synthetic antioxidant, including tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), buthylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and propylgallate have been found to be beneficial, but toxic, as well as with attendant effects [17,18]. This is shown by comparing the bio-safe syzygium cumini fruit juice, a natural antioxidant to the toxic BHT on serum enzymes such as ALT (alanine transferase), AST (aspartate transferase), alkaline phosphatase and urea in rats [19]. For this reason, it has become imperative to continue to investigate and search for more bio-safe antioxidants that could be relevant in the fight against oxidative stress V. amygdalina is useful in this regard [20-22]. Kahaliw and his group have reported on the biosafety of this plant [23]. Moreover, anecdotal evidence attests to its use in the treatment of different ailments after boiling, as well as its use in the preparation of soup. This informed the aqueous extraction carried out, as opposed to the use of organic solvents, such as methanol and ethanol.

A lot has been reported on V. amygdalina as a functional food. In order to further establish its biosafety, the result in table 5 and the work of Kaali justifies V. amydalina as an anti-malaria agent that is biosafe for all the benefits discoursed above [29]. The study of Patnaik and Bhatnagar is in agreement with this study [30]. Moreover, Thompson showed comparable results [31] Data from alcoholic extract of V.amygdalina [32,33] is statistically indistinguishable compared to this study (Table 5).

Conclusion

On the basis of the data from this current research, V. amygdalina is a potent antioxidant attributable to their flavanoid and phenolic constituent that is biosafe for all the health benefits that is known for.

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siva3155 · 5 years

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[2019 MOST ASKED] JNTUH JNTU-KAKINADA LAB MANUALS

LAB MANUALS for Engineering :-

CIVIL ENGINEERING LAB VIVA Questions pdf:-

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1.Fluid Mechanics 2.Thermal engineering 3.Thermodynamics 4.I.C Engines 5.Nuclear Power Plants 6.Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines 7.Compressors,Gas Turbines & Jet Engines 8.Heat Transfer 9.Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 10.Measurements and Instrumentations 11.Machine Design 12.Theory of Machines 13.Hydraulic Mechanics 14.Workshop Technology 15.PLC 16. MMM 17. MMT

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1. EDC 2. Control Systems 3. Network Analysis 4. Power Electronics 5. Electrical Measurements 6. Electrical Machines 7. Electrical Circuits 8. Thermal and Hydro 9. ELECTRONIC DEVICE and CIRCUITS 10. ELECTRONICS SYSTEM DESIGN

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Engineering Chemistry LAB VIVA Questions :-

What are Hard waters? How are the waters classified based on the degree of Hardness? How is hardness of water caused? How is temporary hardness be removed? How do you express the total hardness of water? What is EDTA? Write the structural formula for EDTA. Why is disodium salt of EDTA preferred to EDTA? Why is Ammonia solution added while preparing EDTA solution? What is buffer solution? Why is ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer added? Why is the indicator Eriochrome Black(EBT) shows wine red color at the beginning and blue color at the end? Why are the titration involving EDTA carried out slowly towards the end point? What is the application of hardness date in environmental engineering practice? What are the constituents of cements? What is the prime constituents of cement? Why is the role of glycerol & NaoH? What is the function of diethyl amine? Why is Eriochrome Black T indicator cannot be used in this experiment? Which is the indicator used in the determination of CaO I cement solution? What are constituents of Brass? How is brass solution prepared? What is the purpose of adding urea? Why is ammonium hydroxide added to the brass solution? What is the bluish white precipitate formed after adding ammonia solution? Why is acetic acid added? How is librated iodine estimated? What is the reaction that occurs between iodine and sodium thiosulphate? Why is starch indicator added towards the end point? What is the white precipitate produced at the end of point? What is the min constitutes of haematite ore? Give the others form of iron ore. What is the role of stannous chloride? Why is mercuric chloride added? What happens when the excess of stannous chloride is not removed What is the indicator used? Why is the color of the indicator drop remains the same at the end point? What is the reaction that occurs during the titration? What is weak acid? What is pKa of acid? What is meant by pH of a solution? What is modern definition(IUPAC) of pH? Why is glass electrode called an ion selective electrode? How is measurement of pH made? How are pH and pKa related? How is the measurement of pH made? How are pH and pKa related? How are pKa and strength of a weak acid related? What are the electrodes used in the measurement of pH for the determination of pKa? Why is pH increases suddenly after the equivalence point? What is chemical oxygen demand? What general group of organic compounds are not oxidesied in the COD test? What is the role of silver sulphate? What is the role of mercuric sulphate? What are the products formed after COD analysis? Why is sulphuric acid added during the preparation of standard FAS solution? What is the composition of ferroin? Mention a few application of COD test in environmental engineering practice. What is the limitation of COD? What is a potentiometer titration? Give the principle of potentiometer titration. What are the electrodes used in potentiometer titration? What is determining factor in the oxidation reduction reaction? What is an indicator electrode? What is the reaction that occurring between FAS and potassium dichromate? What are the advantages of potentiometric titration? What is Colorimetry? What forms the basis for colorimetric determination? What is photoelectric colorimeter? What are filters? Why are they used? What is wave length? What is frequency? What is wave number? State Beer’s law. State Lambert’s law. State Beer-Lambert’s law. What is calibration curve? What is meant by transmittance? Mention a few important criteria for satisfactory colorimetric analysis. Mention a few advantages of photoelectric colorimetric determination. What is Blank solution? Why is ammonia added? Why is that same amount of ammonia added? Why is estimation of copper done at 620 nm wave length? State ohm’s law. What is conductance? What is the unit of conductance? Mention the different types of conductivities. Which of the above conductivity measured during conductometric titration? What is specific conductivity? What is equivalent conductivity? What is molar conductivity? What is a cell? What is the principle involved in conductometric titration? How is the accuracy of the method determined? What are the advantages of conductometric titration over visual or potentiometric titration? What is viscosity? What is viscosity-coefficient of a liquid? What is density of a liquid? What is specific gravity? How are specific gravity and density related? What is SI unit of viscosity-coefficient? What are the factors that affect the viscosity of a liquid? How does the viscosity vary with temperature? Why is acetone used for cleaning viscometer? Why do you require laboratory temperature for viscosity determination? How is the viscosity of liquid related to its mobility? What is fluidity of a liquid?

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EDC EMBEDDED MPMC DIP MICROWAVE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS AND INSTUMENTATION VLSI

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Computer Graphics COMPILER DESIGN OOPS DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS JAVA PROGRAMMING Read the full article

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desiccachemical · 9 months

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Desicca Chemical Sodium Dichromate: India’s Leading Supplier and Manufacturer

Sodium dichromate, a bright orange-red wonder, fuels industries like textiles, pigments, and pharma. Its formula (Na₂Cr₂O₇) packs a punch, serving as a key ingredient in manufacturing processes. Desicca Chemicals, India's top supplier, delivers quality and affordability, ensuring your success with every crystal. Dive deeper and unlock the power of Sodium Dichromate!

#sodium dichromate #sodium dichromate formula

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trendingnewz-blog · 5 years

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Strontium Carbonate: Recent Study Including Key Players, Applications, Growth 2026

Strontium, an alkaline earth metal, ranks 15th in terms of abundance among elements found in the earth’s crust. It occurs in the form of strontianite and celestine mineral ores. Strontianite is composed of strontium carbonate, while celestine is composed of strontium sulfate. These two are the only minerals that contain strontium in an amount sufficient to make its recovery practical. Strontium does not occur as a free element in nature, due to its high reactivity to air and water. It exists in the form of its compounds, majorly as carbonate and sulfate salts.Strontium carbonate is the carbonate salt of strontium with chemical formula SrCO3. It appears in the form of white or grey powder. It occurs in the form of strontianite mineral deposits in nature; however, only a few deposits discovered are suitable for development. Even though strontianite would be more useful of the two commonly found minerals (the other being celestine), as strontium carbonate is the largely used compound with a wide variety of applications; it is not available in quantities sufficient to make its recovery practical. Strontium carbonate is hygroscopic in nature i.e. it can attract and hold water molecules from the surroundings. This makes it a highly preferred strontium compound. Another factor is low cost of production.

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Strontium carbonate has a large number of applications including the manufacture of strontium ferrite for permanent magnets and preparation of luminous paints and shimmering glass. It is also used in the production of strontium ferrite magnets which are employed in microwave devices, small electric motors, magneto-optic mediums, recording mediums, and in the electronics & telecommunication industry.Strontium carbonate is individually used in fireworks, flares, and other pyrotechnics as a red colorant. When combined with copper compounds, it acts as a purple colorant. Refining of zinc with the help of strontium carbonate is carried out by using a specialized form of electrolysis known as electrowinning. Electrowinning is the process of electrodeposition of zinc from its ore, which is put in the solution through a process called leaching.

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Being a weak Lewis base, strontium carbonate can be employed to produce different strontium compounds, simply by using the corresponding acid. Strontium chloride can be prepared by treating strontium carbonate with hydrochloric acid. The reaction between strontium carbonate and sodium dichromate yields strontium chromate. Strontium nitrate is typically produced by the reaction of nitric acid with strontium carbonate. The decomposition of strontium carbonate results in the formation of strontium oxide.Strontium aluminate (SrAl2O4) and strontium chromate (SrCrO4), which are prepared from strontium carbonate, are used in the paints & coatings industry for luminescence requirements and anti-corrosive coatings, respectively. Strontium carbonate descendants such as strontium chloride, strontium ranelate, strontium acetate, strontium peroxide, and strontium nitrate are used in various drugs.

Global Strontium Carbonate Market: Key Segments

Based on application, the strontium carbonate market can be segmented into pyrotechnics, ferrite magnets, master alloys, paints & coatings, medical, zinc refining, and others. Based on region, the strontium carbonate market can be divided into North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa. Asia Pacific dominates the global strontium carbonate market in terms of volume, due to presence of one of the top producers i.e. China in the region. The region also holds a significant market share in terms of consumption of strontium carbonate. Asia Pacific is followed by North America and Europe. Mining facilities of strontium are limited to certain geographies, as the occurrence of minerals is limited to specific regions. However, several countries import the mineral from which strontium carbonate can be produced domestically. For instance, the U.S. imports strontium minerals from Mexico in order to synthesis strontium carbonate from the ores.

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Global Strontium Carbonate Market: Key Players

Some of the players operating in the strontium carbonate market are backward integrated into mining of strontium minerals. Key players in the global strontium carbonate market include Solvay, Sakai Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Quimica Del Estroncio S.A., and BassTech International.

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yourpooja123-blog · 6 years

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Global Potassium Dichromate Market Analysis by Recent Trends, Development and Growth Forecast by Regions and Applications to 2022

Potassium dichromate is a brightly colored and highly toxic inorganic chemical with a wide array of industrial applications. Its chemical formula is K2Cr2O7. It is found in crystalline solid powdered form which is orange in color. Potassium dichromate is used for preparing cleaning solutions for glassware and etching materials. It is employed extensively in leather tanning, cement, photographic processing, and wood staining applications. It can be used for the production of chrome alum, chromium oxide green, chrome yellow pigments, welding electrodes, and printing inks. Potassium dichromate can also be used in tanning agents, enamel coloring agents, and dyeing mordants. It is used as an oxidizing agent in many applications.

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Potassium dichromate is also used to prepare various products such as paints, glues, and waxes. It is produced in laboratories on a large scale by reacting potassium chloride (KCl) with sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7). Potassium dichromate is odorless and is readily soluble in water. It is also denser than water. Potassium dichromate is also obtained from its related compound, potassium chromate (K2CrO4), which reacts with acids to give the dichromate salt. It is a stable solid under normal conditions, but decomposes upon heating to give potassium chromate (K2CrO4) and chromic anhydride (CrO3). Potassium dichromate is highly corrosive and a strong oxidizing agent. It is widely used in wood preservatives, in the manufacture of pigments, and in photomechanical processes; however, it is primarily replaced by sodium dichromate for its applications.

Increase in demand for potassium dichromate in the building & construction industry owing to rapid industrialization and urbanization is one of the major factors propelling the potassium dichromate market. Rise in demand for potassium dichromate for usage in manufacture of cleaning agents is also augmenting the potassium dichromate market. Growth in demand for potassium dichromate in photography application, owing to its compatibility of being used as an oxidizing agent with strong mineral acid, is also propelling the potassium dichromate market. Wide applications of potassium dichromate in the leather industry due to its rising usage in leather tanning is further boosting the market.

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Implementation of stringent government regulations on its usage coupled with chronic health hazards such as ulcerations, shortness of breath, bronchitis, pneumonia, lung cancer, genetic defects, asthma, and skin irritations on prolonged exposure to human beings is hampering the potassium dichromate market. Furthermore, various environmental hazards are associated with the usage of potassium dichromate. These include damage to aquatic life. Hence, certain regulations and clearances need to be implemented regarding the disposal of potassium dichromate. This is likely to restrain the potassium dichromate market.

Based on method of manufacturing, the potassium dichromate market can be segmented into industrially produced potassium dichromate and derived potassium dichromate. It is produced industrially by reacting potassium chloride (KCl) with sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7). It is also derived from its related compound, potassium chromate (K2CrO4), which reacts with acids to give dichromate salt.In terms of end-use industrial application, the potassium dichromate market can be divided into building & construction industry, cleaning agents industry, photography industry, and leather industry.

Based on geography, the potassium dichromate market can be segregated into North America, Europe, Latin America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa. Asia Pacific is a rapidly growing market for potassium dichromate owing to the expansion in the building & construction industry in the region. Asia Pacific is also the fastest growing region for cleaning agents, led by the rise in population in the region. Improvement in standard of living and growth in disposable income of consumers have contributed to the overall growth of the potassium dichromate market. Europe and North America follow Asia Pacific with similar trends of growth for the potassium dichromate market.

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poojap123-blog · 6 years

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Potassium Dichromate Market Analysis by Recent Trends, Development and Growth Forecast by Regions and Applications to 2022

Potassium dichromate is a brightly colored and highly toxic inorganic chemical with a wide array of industrial applications. Its chemical formula is K2Cr2O7. It is found in crystalline solid powdered form which is orange in color. Potassium dichromate market is used for preparing cleaning solutions for glassware and etching materials. It is employed extensively in leather tanning, cement, photographic processing, and wood staining applications. It can be used for the production of chrome alum, chromium oxide green, chrome yellow pigments, welding electrodes, and printing inks. Potassium dichromate can also be used in tanning agents, enamel coloring agents, and dyeing mordants. It is used as an oxidizing agent in many applications.

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batexamin · 7 years

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Inorganic Compounds and Their Uses

Common Names and Formulas of Important Chemical Compounds for SSC Exams

If you keep an eye on the latest trend followed by SSC for General Awareness questions, you would notice that Science facts are covering major portions of it. Questions belonging to physics, chemistry & biology are frequently asked in most of the competitive exams including SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, SSC MTS, SSC CPO, SCC JEE, SSC LDC, IBPS PO, IBPS Clerk, IBPS SO, IPPB Sc. I, LIC AAO etc. For students who had science in 10+2, answering such questions is not hard but for those who did not, it becomes quite difficult. Nowadays a lot of question about Common names of chemical compounds are being included in SSC CPO exams 2017. To help you quickly take a look at important Chemical compounds and their common names, we are providing you with a list of chemical compounds and their common names. Before you take a look at the list of Chemical Compounds and formula SSC, let’s understand some basic definitions below. Generally questions from the topic Common Names and Formulas of Important Chemical Compounds are asked in every competitive exam. So, here are short notes on Common Names and Formulas of Important Chemical Compounds which will be useful for upcoming SSC as well as other competitive exams as well.

Comprehensive Study List of Chemical Compounds and Formula

Common Name Formula Chemical Name Used In Alum KAl(SO4)2·12H2O Potassium Aluminum Sulphate Purification Of Water To Remove Dirt. Baking Soda NaHCO3 Sodium Bicarbonate Fire Extinguisher, Cooking, Antacid Etc. Bleaching Powder Ca(ClO)2 Calcium Oxychloride Used As Bleaching Agent And Disinfectant. Blue Vitriol CuSO4·5H2O Copper Sulphate Bordeaux Mixture. Borax Na2B4O7·10H2O Sodium Tetraborate Used As A Flux In Optical Gas, In Match, Stick To Prevent After Glow, As A Preservative. Bordeaux Mixture Or Bordo Mix CuSO4 & Ca(OH)2 Mixture Of Copper Sulphate And Milk Of Lime Used As A Fungicide. Caustic Soda NaOH Sodium Hydroxide Manufacture Of Soap, Paper, Rayon, Etc. Common Salt NaCl Sodium Chloride Food Preservative. Corrosive Sublimate HgCl2 Mercuric Chloride Batteries. Dry Ice CO2 Solid Carbon Dioxide Used To Induce Artificial Rain, Cinema Locations Etc. Epsom Salt MgSO4 Magnesium Sulphate (Hepta Hydrate) Used As Laxative. Glauber's Salt Na2SO4 Sodium Sulphate Manufacture Of Window Glass, Brown Paper, As Detergent Additive. Gypsum or Plaster Of Paris CaSO4·2H2O Calcium Sulphate Cement, Production Of (Dihydrate) Plaster Of Paris Etc. Heavy Spar BaSO4 Barium Sulphate Used As A Barium Meal For Contrast Dye X Hypo Na2S2O3 Sodium Thiosulphate Photography For Fixing Or Washing. Indian Salt Peter KNO3 Potassium Nitrate Gun Powder Which Is A 6:1:1 Mixture Of Potassium, Charcoal, And Sulphur. Lime Stone, Marble CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate Cement, Glass Mortar, White Washing Spar Etc. Lunar Caustic AgNO3 Silver Nitrate Silver Mirror, Marking Ink For Identification Of Person In Elections Etc. Lime Water Ca(OH)2 Calcium Hydroxide Cement, Glass, Mortar, White Washing Etc. Oil Of Vitriol H2SO4 Sulphuric Acid King Of Chemicals, Most Industries. Pearl Ash K2CO3 Potassium Carbonate Soft Soap, Washing Wool Etc. Philosopher's Wool ZnO Zinc Oxide Paints, As A Filler In Rubber Etc. Quick Lime CaO Calcium Oxide Cement, Glass, Mortar, White Washing Etc. Sal Ammoniac NH4Cl Ammonium Chloride Used For Soldering, In Dry Cell Etc. Washing Soda Na2CO3 Sodium Carbonate Manufacture Of Glass, Softening Of Water For Washing Cloths Etc. Water Glass Na2O3Si Sodium Silicate Used As A Filler In Soap, Fire Proofing Timber And Textiles Etc. White Vitriol ZnSO₄ Zinc Sulphate Used To Produce White Paint By Mixing With With Barium Sulphate.

Common Names of Chemical Compounds and Formula SSC - GK Notes

Chemical name starts from “A”: Aluminium antimonide – AlSb Aluminium arsenide – AlAs Aluminium nitride – AlN Aluminium oxide – Al2O3 Aluminium phosphide – AlP Aluminium chloride – AlCl3 Aluminium fluoride – AlF3 Aluminium hydroxide – Al(OH)3 Aluminium nitrate – Al(NO3)3 Aluminium sulfate – Al2(SO4)3 Ammonia – NH3 Ammonium azide – NH4N3 Ammonium bicarbonate – NH4HCO3 Ammonium chromate – (NH4)2CrO4 Ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate – (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 Ammonium chloride – NH4Cl Ammonium chlorate – NH4ClO3 Ammonium cyanide – NH4CN Ammonium dichromate – (NH4)2Cr2O7 Ammonium hydroxide – NH4OH Ammonium hexachloroplatinate – (NH4)2(PtCl6) Ammonium nitrate – NH4NO3 Ammonium sulfide – (NH4)2S4 Ammonium sulfite – (NH4)2SO3 Ammonium sulfate – (NH4)2SO4 Ammonium persulfate – (NH4)2S2O8 Ammonium perchlorate – NH4ClO4 Ammonium tetrathiocyanatodiamminechromate(III) – NH4 Antimony hydride – SbH3 Antimony pentachloride – SbCl5 Antimony pentafluoride – SbF5 Antimony trioxide – Sb2O3 Arsine – AsH3 Arsenic trioxide (Arsenic(III) oxide) – As2O3 Arsenous acid – As(OH)3 Chemical name starts from “B”: Barium azide – Ba(N3)3 Barium chloride – BaCl2 Barium chromate – BaCrO4 Barium chlorate – BaClO3 Barium carbonate – BaCO3 Barium hydroxide – Ba(OH)2 Barium iodide – BaI2 Barium nitrate – Ba(NO3)2 Barium sulfate – BaSO4 Barium fluoride – BaF2 Barium ferrite – BaFe2O4 Barium ferrate – BaFeO4 Barium titanate – BaTiO3 Barium oxide – BaO Barium peroxide – BaO2 Beryllium bromide – BeBr2 Beryllium carbonate – BeCO3 Beryllium chloride – BeCl2 Beryllium fluoride – BeF2 Beryllium hydride – BeH2 Beryllium hydroxide – Be(OH)2 Beryllium iodide – BeI2 Beryllium nitrate – Be(NO3)2 Beryllium nitride – Be3N2 Beryllium oxide – BeO Beryllium sulfate – BeSO4 Beryllium sulfite – BeSO3 Beryllium borohydride – Be(BH4)2 Beryllium telluride – BeTe Bismuth(III) oxide – Bi2O3 Bismuth(III) telluride – Bi2Te3 Borane – Diborane: B2H6, Pentaborane: B5H9 Decaborane: B10H14 Borax – Na2B4O7·10H2O Boric acid – H3BO3 Boron carbide – B4C Boron nitride – BN Boron oxide – B2O3 Boron suboxide – B6O Boron trichloride – BCl3 Boron trifluoride – BF3 Bromine pentafluoride – BrF5 Bromine trifluoride – BrF3 Bromine monochloride – BrCl Chemical name starts from “C”: Cacodylic acid – (CH3)2AsO2H Cadmium arsenide – Cd3As2 Cadmium bromide – CdBr2 Cadmium chloride – CdCl2 Cadmium fluoride – CdF2 Cadmium iodide – CdI2 Cadmium nitrate – Cd(NO3)2 Cadmium selenide – CdSe (of quantum dot fame) Cadmium sulfate – CdSO4 Cadmium telluride – CdTe Caesium bicarbonate – CsHCO3 Caesium carbonate – Cs2CO3 Caesium chromate – Cs2CrO4 Caesium chloride – CsCl Caesium fluoride – CsF Caesium hydride – CsH Calcium carbide – CaC2 Calcium chlorate – Ca(ClO3)2 Calcium chloride – CaCl2 Calcium chromate – CaCrO4 Calcium cyanamide – CaCN2 Calcium fluoride – CaF2 Calcium hydride – CaH2 Calcium hydroxide – Ca(OH)2 Calcium sulfate (Gypsum) – CaSO4 Carbon dioxide – CO2 Carbon disulfide – CS2 Carbon monoxide – CO Carbonic acid – H2CO3 Carbon tetrabromide – CBr4 Carbon tetrachloride – CCl4 Carbon tetraiodide – CI4 Carbonyl fluoride – COF2 Carbonyl sulfide – COS Carboplatin – C6H12N2O4Pt carborundum SiC Cerium(III) chloride – CeCl3 Cerium(III) bromide – CeBr3 Cerium(IV) sulfate – Ce(SO4)2 Cerium magnesium – CeMg Cerium aluminium – CeAl Cerium zinc – CeZn Cerium silver – CeAg Cerium cadmium – CeCd Cerium mercury – CeHg Cerium thallium – CeTl Chloric acid – HClO3 Chlorine – Cl2 Chlorine monoxide – ClO Chlorine dioxide – ClO2 Chlorine trioxide – ClO3 Chlorine tetroxide, the peroxide – O3ClOOClO3 Chromic acid – CrO3 Chromium(III) chloride – CrCl3 Chromium(II) chloride – CrCl2 (also chromous chloride) Chromium(III) oxide – Cr2O3 Chromium(IV) oxide – CrO2 Chromium(II) sulfate – CrSO4 Chromium trioxide (Chromic acid) – CrO3 Chromyl chloride – CrO2Cl2 Cisplatin (cis-platinum(II) chloride diammine)– PtCl2(NH3)2 Cobalt(II) bromide – CoBr2 Cobalt(II) chloride – CoCl2 Cobalt(II) carbonate – CoCO3 Cobalt(II) sulfate – CoSO4 Columbite – Fe2+Nb2O6 Copper(II) azide – Cu(N3)2 Copper(II) carbonate – CuCO3 Copper(I) chloride – CuCl Copper(II) chloride – CuCl2 Copper(II) hydroxide – Cu(OH)2 Copper(II) nitrate – Cu(NO3)2 Copper(I) oxide – Cu2O Copper(II) oxide – CuO Copper(II) sulfate – CuSO4 Copper(I) sulfide – Cu2S Copper(II) sulfide – CuS Cyanogen – (CN)2 Cyanogen chloride – CNCl Cyanuric chloride – C3Cl3N3 Cyanogen bromide – CNBr Cyanogen iodide – ICN Chrome-alum; K2SO4Cr2(SO4)3.24H2O Chemical name starts from “D”: Dichlorine monoxide – Cl2O Dichlorine dioxide – Cl2O2 Dichlorine trioxide – Cl2O3 Dichlorine tetroxide,also known as chlorine perchlorate – ClOClO3 Dichlorine hexoxide – Cl2O6 Dichlorine heptoxide – Cl2O7 Decaborane (Diborane) – B10H14 Diammonium phosphate – (NH4)2HPO4 Diborane – B2H6 Dichlorosilane – SiH2Cl2 Digallane – Ga2H6 Dinitrogen pentoxide (nitronium nitrate) – N2O5 Dinitrogen tetroxide – N2O4 Disilane – Si2H6 Disulfur dichloride S2Cl2 Dysprosium(III) chloride – DyCl3 Dysprosium oxide – Dy2O3 Dysprosium titanate – Dy2Ti2O7 Chemical name starts from “E”: Erbium(III) chloride – ErCl3 Europium(III) chloride – EuCl3 Erbium-copper – ErCu Erbium-gold – ErAu Erbium-silver – ErAg Erbium-Iridium – ErIr Chemical name starts from “G”: Gadolinium(III) chloride – GdCl3 Gadolinium(III) oxide – Gd2O3 Gallium antimonide – GaSb Gallium arsenide – GaAs Gallium trichloride – GaCl3 Gallium nitride – GaN Gallium phosphide – GaP Germanium(IV) hydride (Germane)– GeH4 Germanium(III) hydride – Ge2H6 Germanium(II) fluoride – GeF2 Germanium(IV) fluoride – GeF4 Germanium(II) chloride – GeCl2 Germanium(IV) chloride – GeCl4 Germanium(II) bromide – GeBr2 Germanium(IV) bromide – GeBr4 Germanium(II) iodide – GeI2 Germanium(IV) iodide – GeI4 Germanium(II) oxide – GeO Germanium(IV) oxide – GeO2 Germanium(II) sulfide – GeS Germanium(IV) sulfide – GeS2 Germanium(II) selenide – GeSe Germanium(IV) selenide – GeSe2 Germanium telluride – GeTe Germanium(IV) nitride – Ge3N4 Gold(I) chloride – AuCl Gold(III) chloride – AuCl3 Gold(I,III) chloride – Au4Cl8 Gold(III) chloride – (AuCl3)2 Gold(III) fluoride – AuF3 Gold(V) fluoride – AuF5 Gold(I) bromide – AuBr Gold(III) bromide – (AuBr3)2 Gold(I) iodide – AuI Gold(III) iodide – AuI3 Gold(III) oxide – Au2O3 Gold(I) sulfide – Au2S Gold(III) sulfide – Au2S3 Gold(III) selenide – AuSe Gold(III) selenide – Au2Se3 Gold ditelluride – AuTe2 Chemical name starts from “H”: Hafnium tetrafluoride – HfF4 Hafnium tetrachloride – HfCl4 Hexadecacarbonylhexarhodium – Rh6(CO)16 Hydrazine – N2H4 Hydrazoic acid – HN3 Hydrobromic acid – HBr Hydrochloric acid – HCl Hydroiodic acid – HI Hydrogen bromide – HBr Hydrogen chloride – HCl Hydrogen fluoride – HF Hydrogen peroxide – H2O2 Hydrogen selenide – H2Se Hydrogen sulfide – H2S Hydrogen telluride – H2Te Hydroxylamine – NH2OH Hypochlorous acid – HClO Hypophosphorous acid – H3PO2 Chemical name starts from “I”: Indium antimonide – InSb Indium arsenide – InAs Indium(I) chloride – InCl Indium nitride –InN Indium phosphide – InP Iodic acid – HIO3 Iodine heptafluoride – IF7 Iodine pentafluoride – IF5 Iodine monochloride – ICl Iodine trichloride – ICl3 Iridium(IV) chloride – IrCl4 Iron(II) chloride – FeCl2 including hydrate Iron(III) chloride – FeCl3 Iron Ferrocyanide – Fe7(CN)18 Iron(II) oxide – FeO Iron(III) nitrate – Fe(NO3)3(H2O)9 Iron(II,III) oxide – Fe3O4 Iron(III) oxide – Fe2O3 Iron-sulfur cluster Iron(III) thiocyanate – Fe(SCN)3 Chemical name starts from “K” Krypton difluoride – KrF2 Chemical name starts from “L”: Lanthanum carbonate – La2(CO3)3 Lanthanum magnesium – LaMg Lanthanum aluminium – LaAl Lanthanum zinc – LaZn Lanthanum silver – LaAg Lanthanum cadmium – LaCd Lanthanum mercury – LaHg Lanthanum tallium – LaTl Lead(II) carbonate – Pb(CO3) Lead(II) chloride – PbCl2 Lead(II) iodide – PbI2 Lead(II) nitrate – Pb(NO3)2 Lead hydrogen arsenate – PbHAsO4 Lead(II) oxide – PbO Lead(IV) oxide – PbO2 Lead(II) phosphate – Pb3(PO4)2 Lead(II) sulfate – Pb(SO4) Lead(II) selenide – PbSe Lead(II) sulfide – PbS Lead(II) telluride – PbTe Lead zirconate titanate – PbO3 (e.g., x = 0.52 is Lead zirconium titanate) Lithium aluminium hydride – LiAlH4 Lithium bromide – LiBr Lithium borohydride – LiBH4 Lithium carbonate (Lithium salt) – Li2CO3 Lithium chloride – LiCl Lithium hypochlorite – LiClO Lithium chlorate – LiClO3 Lithium perchlorate – LiClO4 Lithium cobalt oxide – LiCoO2 Lithium peroxide – Li2O2 Lithium hydride – LiH Lithium hydroxide – LiOH Lithium iodide – LiI Lithium iron phosphate – FeLiO4P Lithium nitrate – LiNO3 Lithium sulfide – Li2S Lithium sulfite – HLiO3S Lithium sulfate – Li2SO4 Lithium superoxide – LiO2 Chemical name starts from “M”: Magnesium antimonide – MgSb Magnesium carbonate – MgCO3 Magnesium chloride – MgCl2 Magnesium oxide – MgO Magnesium phosphate – Mg3(PO4)2 Magnesium sulfate – MgSO4 Manganese(IV) oxide (manganese dioxide) – MnO2 Manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate – MnSO4.H2O Manganese(II) chloride – MnCl2 Manganese(III) chloride – MnCl3 Manganese(IV) fluoride – MnF4 Manganese(II) phosphate – Mn3(PO4)2 Mercury(I) chloride – Hg2Cl2 Mercury(II) chloride – HgCl2 Mercury fulminate – Hg(ONC)2 Mercury(II) selenide – HgSe Mercury(I) sulfate – Hg2SO4 Mercury(II) sulfate – HgSO4 Mercury(II) sulfide – HgS Mercury(II) telluride – HgTe Metaphosphoric acid – HPO3 Molybdate orange Molybdenum trioxide – MoO3 Molybdenum disulfide – MoS2 Molybdenum hexacarbonyl – C6O6Mo Molybdic acid – H2MoO4 Chemical name starts from “N”: Neodymium(III) chloride – NdCl3 Nessler’s reagent –K2 Nickel(II) carbonate – NiCO3 Nickel(II) chloride – NiCl2 and hexahydrate Nickel(II) hydroxide – Ni(OH)2 Nickel(II) nitrate – Ni(NO3)2 Nickel(II) oxide – NiO Niobium oxychloride – NbOCl3 Niobium pentachloride – NbCl5 Nitric acid – HNO3 Nitrogen monoxide – NO Nitrogen dioxide – NO2 Nitrosylsulfuric acid – NOHSO4 Chemical name starts from “O”: Osmium tetroxide (osmium(VIII) oxide) – OsO4 Osmium trioxide (osmium(VI) oxide) – OsO3 Oxybis(tributyltin) – C24H54OSn2 Oxygen difluoride – OF2 Ozone – O3 Chemical name starts from “P”: Palladium(II) chloride – PdCl2 Palladium(II) nitrate – Pd(NO3)2 Pentaborane – B5H9 Pentasulfide antimony – Sb2S5 Perchloric acid – HClO4 Perchloryl fluoride – ClFO3 Persulfuric acid (Caro’s acid) – H2SO5 Perxenic acid – H4XeO6 Phenylarsine oxide – (C6H5)AsO Phenylphosphine – C6H7P Phosgene – COCl2 Phosphine – PH3 Phosphite – HPO32- Phosphomolybdic acid – H3PMo12O40 Phosphoric acid – H3PO4 Phosphorous acid (Phosphoric(III) acid) – H3PO3 Phosphorus pentabromide – PBr5 Phosphorus pentafluoride – PF5 Phosphorus pentasulfide – P4S10 Phosphorus pentoxide – P2O5 Phosphorus sesquisulfide – P4S3 Phosphorus tribromide – PBr3 Phosphorus trichloride – PCl3 Phosphorus trifluoride – PF3 Phosphorus triiodide – PI3 Phosphotungstic acid – H3PW12O40 Platinum(II) chloride – PtCl2 Platinum(IV) chloride – PtCl4 Plutonium(III) chloride – PuCl3 Plutonium dioxide (Plutonium(IV) oxide) – PuO2 Potash Alum– K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3·24H2O Potassium aluminium fluoride – KAlF4 Potassium borate – K2B4O7•4H2O Potassium bromide – KBr Potassium calcium chloride – KCaCl3 Potassium carbonate – K2CO3 Potassium chlorate – KClO3 Potassium chloride – KCl Potassium cyanide – KCN Potassium ferrioxalate – K3 Potassium hydrogencarbonate – KHCO3 Potassium hydrogen fluoride – HF2K Potassium hydroxide – KOH Potassium iodide – KI Potassium iodidate – KIO3 Potassium monopersulfate – K2SO4·KHSO4·2KHSO5 Potassium nitrate – KNO3 Potassium perbromate – KBrO4 Potassium perchlorate – KClO4 Potassium permanganate – KMnO4 Potassium sulfate – K2SO4 Potassium sulfide – K2S Potassium titanyl phosphate – KTiOPO4 Potassium vanadate – KVO3 Praseodymium(III) chloride – PrCl3 Protonated molecular hydrogen – H3+ Prussian blue (Iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II)) – Fe43 Pyrosulfuric acid – H2S2O7 Chemical name starts from “R: Radium chloride – RaCl2 Radon difluoride – RnF2 Rhodium(III) chloride – RhCl3 Rubidium bromide – RbBr Rubidium chloride – RbCl Rubidium fluoride – RbF Rubidium hydroxide – RbOH Rubidium iodide – RbI Rubidium nitrate – RbNO3 Rubidium oxide – Rb2O Rubidium telluride – Rb2Te Ruthenium(VIII) oxide – RuO4 Chemical name starts from “S”: Samarium(II) iodide – SmI2 Samarium(III) chloride – SmCl3 Scandium(III) triflate – Sc(OSO2CF3)3 Scandium(III) chloride – ScCl3 and hydrate Scandium(III) fluoride – ScF3 Scandium(III) nitrate – Sc(NO3)3 Scandium(III) oxide – Sc2O3 Selenic acid – H2SeO4 Selenious acid – H2SeO3 Selenium trioxide – SeO3 Selenium tetrafluoride – SeF4 Selenium hexafluoride – SeF6 Selenium hexasulfide – Se2S6 Selenium tetrachloride – SeCl4 Selenium dioxide – SeO2 Selenium disulfide – SeS2 Selenium oxydichloride – SeOCl2 Selenium oxybromide – SeOBr2 Selenoyl fluoride – SeO2F2 Samarium(III) chloride – SmCl3 Scandium(III) triflate – Sc(OSO2CF3)3 Scandium(III) chloride – ScCl3 and hydrate Scandium(III) fluoride – ScF3 Scandium(III) nitrate – Sc(NO3)3 Scandium(III) oxide – Sc2O3 Silane – SiH4 Silica gel – SiO2·nH2O Silicic acid – n Silicon tetrabromide – SiBr4 Silicon carbide – SiC Silicochloroform, Trichlorosilane – Cl3HSi Silicofluoric acid – H2SiF6 Silicon dioxide – SiO2 Silicon tetrachloride – SiCl4 Silicon monoxide – SiO Silicon nitride – Si3N4 Silver azide – AgN3 Silver bromate – AgBrO3 Silver bromide – AgBr Silver chloride – AgCl Silver chlorate – AgClO3 Silver chromate – Ag2CrO4 Silver(I) fluoride – AgF Silver(II) fluoride – AgF2 Silver subfluoride – Ag2F Silver fluoroborate – AgBF4 Silver fulminate – AgCNO Silver hydroxide – AgOH Silver iodide – AgI Silver nitrate – AgNO3 Silver nitride – Ag3N Silver oxide – Ag2O Silver orthophosphate – Ag3PO4 Silver perchlorate – AgClO4 Silver sulfide – Ag2S Silver sulfate – Ag2SO4 Silver tio sulfate – Ag… Soda lime – Sodamide – NaNH2 Sodium aluminate – NaAlO2 Sodium azide – NaN3 Sodium borohydride – NaBH4 Sodium bromide – NaBr Sodium bromite – NaBrO2 Sodium bromate – NaBrO3 Sodium perbromate – NaBrO4 Sodium hypobromite – NaBrO Sodium borate – Na2B4O7 Sodium perborate – NaBO3.nH2O Sodium carbonate – Na2CO3 Sodium carbide – Na2C2 Sodium chloride – NaCl Sodium chlorite – NaClO2 Sodium chlorate – NaClO3 Sodium perchlorate – NaClO4 Sodium cyanide – NaCN Sodium cyanate – NaCNO Sodium dioxide – NaO2 Sodium ferrocyanide – Na4Fe(CN)6 Sodium hydride – NaH Sodium hydrogen carbonate (Sodium bicarbonate) – NaHCO3 Sodium hydrosulfide – NaSH Sodium hydroxide – NaOH Sodium hypochlorite – NaOCl Sodium iodide – NaI Sodium iodate – NaIO3 Sodium periodate – NaIO4 Sodium hypoiodite – NaIO Sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) – Na2PFO3 Sodium molybdate – Na2MoO4 Sodium manganate – Na2MnO4 Sodium nitrate – NaNO3 Sodium nitrite – NaNO2 Sodium oxide – Na2O Sodium percarbonate – 2Na2CO3.3H2O2 Sodium phosphate; see Trisodium phosphate – Na3PO4 Sodium hypophosphite – NaPO2H2 Sodium nitroprusside – Na2.2H2O Sodium persulfate – Na2S2O8 Sodium peroxide – Na2O2 Sodium perrhenate – NaReO4 Sodium permanganate – NaMnO4 Sodium persulfate – Na2S2O8 Sodium selenite – Na2SeO3 Sodium selenate – Na2O4Se Sodium selenide – Na2Se Sodium biselenide – NaHSe Sodium silicate – Na2SiO3 Sodium sulfate – Na2SO4 Sodium sulfide – Na2S Sodium sulfite – Na2SO3 Sodium tellurite – Na2TeO3 Sodium tungstate – Na2WO4 Sodium thioantimoniate – Na3(SbS4).9H2O Sodium thiocyanate – NaSCN Sodium thiocyanate – Na2S2O3 Sodium uranate – Na2O7U2 Stannous chloride (tin(II) chloride) – SnCl2 Stibine – SbH3 Strontium carbonate – SrCO3 Strontium chloride – SrCl2 Strontium hydroxide – Sr(OH)2 Strontium nitrate – Sr(NO3)2 Strontium oxide – SrO Strontium titanate – SrTiO3 Sulfamic acid – H3NO3S Sulfane – H2S Sulfur dioxide – SO2 Sulfur tetrafluoride – SF4 Sulfur hexafluoride – SF6 Disulfur decafluoride – S2F10 Sulfuric acid – H2SO4 Sulfurous acid – H2SO3 Sulfuryl chloride – SO2Cl2 Chemical name starts from “T”: Tantalum carbide – TaC Tantalum(V) oxide – Ta2O5 Telluric acid – H6TeO6 Tellurium dioxide – TeO2 Tellurium tetrachloride – TeCl4 Tellurous acid – H2TeO3 Terbium(III) chloride – TbCl3 Tetraborane(10) – B4H10 Tetrachloroauric acid – AuCl3 Tetrafluorohydrazine – N2F4 Tetramminecopper(II) sulfate – SO4 Tetrasulfur tetranitride – S4N4 Thallium(I) carbonate – Tl2CO3 Thallium(I) fluoride – TlF Thallium(III) oxide – Tl2O3 Thallium(III) sulfate – Tl2(SO4)2 Thionyl chloride – SOCl2 Thiophosgene – CSCl2 Thiophosphoryl chloride – Cl3PS Thorium dioxide – ThO2 Thortveitite – (Sc,Y)2Si2O7 Thulium(III) chloride – TmCl3 Tin(II) chloride – SnCl2 Tin(II) fluoride – SnF2 Tin(IV) chloride – SnCl4 Titanium boride – TiB2 Titanium carbide – TiC Titanium dioxide (titanium(IV) oxide) – TiO2 Titanium dioxide (B) (titanium(IV) oxide) – TiO2 Titanium nitride – TiN Titanium(IV) bromide (titanium tetrabromide) – TiBr4 Titanium(IV) chloride (titanium tetrachloride) – TiCl4 Titanium(III) chloride – TiCl3 Titanium(II) chloride – TiCl2 Titanium(IV) iodide (titanium tetraiodide) – TiI4 Trifluoromethylisocyanide – C2NF3 Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid – CF3SO3H Trimethylphosphine – C3H9P Trioxidane – H2O3 Tripotassium phosphate – K3PO4 Trisodium phosphate – Na3PO4 Triuranium octaoxide (pitchblende or yellowcake) – U3O8 Tungsten carbide – WC Tungsten(VI) chloride – WCl6 Tungsten(VI) Fluoride – WF6 Tungstic acid – H2WO4 Tungsten hexacarbonyl – W(CO)6 Chemical name starts from “U”: Uranium hexafluoride – UF6 Uranium pentafluoride – UF5 Uranium tetrachloride – UCl4 Uranium tetrafluoride – UF4 Uranyl carbonate – UO2CO3 Uranyl chloride – UO2Cl2 Uranyl fluoride – UO2F2 Uranyl hydroxide – UO2(OH)2 Uranyl hydroxide – (UO2)2(OH)4 Uranyl nitrate – UO2(NO3)2 Uranyl sulfate – UO2SO4 Chemical name starts from “V”: Vanadium carbide – VC Vanadium oxytrichloride (Vanadium(V) oxide trichloride) – VOCl3 Vanadium(IV) chloride – VCl4 Vanadium(II) chloride – VCl2 Vanadium(II) oxide – VO Vanadium(III) nitride – VN Vanadium(III) bromide – VBr3 Vanadium(III) chloride – VCl3 Vanadium(III) fluoride – VF3 Vanadium(IV) fluoride – VF4 Vanadium(III) oxide – V2O3 Vanadium(IV) oxide – VO2 Vanadium(IV) sulfate – VOSO4 Vanadium(V) oxide – V2O5 Chemical name starts from “W”: Water – H2O Chemical name starts from “X”: Xenon difluoride – XeF2 Xenon hexafluoroplatinate – Xe Xenon tetrafluoride – XeF4 Xenon tetroxide – XeO4 Xenic acid – H2XeO4 Chemical name starts from “Y”: Ytterbium(III) chloride – YbCl3 Ytterbium(III) oxide – Yb2O3 Yttrium(III) antimonide – YSb Yttrium(III) arsenide – YAs Yttrium(III) bromide – YBr3 Yttrium aluminium garnet – Y3Al5O12 Yttrium barium copper oxide – YBa2Cu3O7 Yttrium(III) fluoride – YF3 Yttrium iron garnet – Y3Fe5O12 Yttrium(III) oxide – Y2O3 Yttrium(III) sulfide – Y2S3 Yttrium copper – YCu Yttrium silver – YAg Yttrium gold – YAu Yttrium rhodium – YRh Yttrium iridium – YIr Yttrium zinc – YZn Yttrium cadmium – YCd Yttrium magnesium – YMg Chemical name starts from “Z”: Zinc bromide – ZnBr2 Zinc carbonate – ZnCO3 Zinc chloride – ZnCl2 Zinc cyanide – Zn(CN)2 Zinc fluoride – ZnF2 Zinc iodide – ZnI2 Zinc oxide – ZnO Zinc selenide – ZnSe Zinc sulfate – ZnSO4 Zinc sulfide – ZnS Zinc telluride – ZnTe Zirconia hydrate – ZrO2·nH2O Zirconium carbide – ZrC Zirconium(IV) chloride – ZrCl4 Zirconium nitride – ZrN Zirconium hydroxide – Zr(OH)4 Zirconium(IV) oxide – ZrO2 Zirconium orthosilicate – ZrSiO4 Zirconium tetrahydroxide – H4O4Zr Zirconium tungstate – ZrW2O8 Read the full article

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