#solar panel in series or in parallel

[theshadowbendersblog]

*Big One Piece Spoiler ahead*

I'm currently watching this show which aired in 1982 and ran for like a year, called "Mysterious Cities of Gold". It's quite an old series and very hard to find. Over the past couple of years many fans tried to upload it on various sites all over the internet but for some reason or the other, the show was taken out only a few weeks or a couple of months after the show was uploaded. Even if you try to google the show, most of the sites will tell you it was only one season but in reality it was 4 seasons. If anyone is up for it, I can provide links if it's still available. I was lucky enough to have been able to download all 4 seasons of it.

The show is interesting because it has so many similarities with one piece and i think Oda took some inspiration from it because

1. Back when the first season aired, Oda was probably just a kid

2. It even aired on Japanese television soon after, with the name "Taiyou no ko Estaban" (son of the sun Estaban)

The show is about the protagonist Estaban who lives in Barcelona, somewhat parallel to Luffy. Estaban can also command the sun and make skies clear even during the strongest of storms or rainfalls.

There are 3 more characters who run parallel with some op characters, Zia, an Incan girl who can read old and rare Incan texts and thus the Spanish govt. was always after her and in several instances they kidnapped her to find out what the incan scripts said about the cities of gold (El Dorado). She's parallel to Robin's character. There's a guy named Tao who's a descendant of an old advanced civilization called Mu who were known as the people of the Sun. They were famous for harvesting and using the power of the sun and they were technologically advanced (again somewhat parallel to the ancient advanced civilization in op). He's just like Usopp, good at fixing things and very crafty. In fact it was him who first provided the team with their first ship called Solaris. It had solar panels instead of sails and it had the power to run the ship 100 times faster than a normal ship running on sails. And just like Going merry, it got destroyed in an event. The second mode of transport they got was not a ship but a plane that looks like a bird.

Estaban was saved by a Spanish govt. navigator when he was just a baby. Ten years before the current timeline, the navigator named Mendoza (somewhat parallel to Shanks, since he uses one handed sword techniques and saved Estaban in the sea just like shanks saved kid Luffy) spotted a wrecked ship on a stormy night and the only survivors were Estaban and his father. The man hands Estaban over to Mendoza and then he was washed away. Ever since, Mendoza had been keeping an eye on Estaban. Estaban's father also handed Estaban a medallion on his neck that turns out to be one of the 2 keys to open 7 cities of gold that is scattered all around the world.

The story goes like this, many years ago there existed 2 advanced civilizations, Mu and Atlantis. They fought a huge war against each other over power resources. Alas they ended up destroying each other. Later some survivors of the Mu empire built 7 cities of gold all around the world where they hid tonnes of gold and several ancient technologies for the betterment of the world, and handed down 2 medallions to 2 generations of families. And as time passed, the medallions kept getting passed on among certain families and one ended up with Estaban and the other ended up with Zia. The high priest of the first city of gold (turns out he was estaban's father) said that the advanced civilization was so powerful and so technologically advanced that the survivors of the Mu empire knew that any adult who gets their hands on these powerful resources and tonnes of gold, would surely get greedy and fall to the bad side. And if the adults started fighting for these powerful technologies, they would end up using these advanced technologies again to destroy the world.

This is where it gets important for guessing what one piece could be. The high priest said the cities of gold and the keys to their doors were wished to have fallen into the hands of kids, because a child's innocence and wonder would never let the advanced technologies be used for bad purposes, like greed for power and war.

We are now aware of how there existed an ancient advanced civilization in one piece too, that created cool robots like the one in Egghead island. And to think the robot is so advanced that even a man like Dr. Vegapunk couldn't get it activated or figure out what fuel does it run on.

What if, one piece is a child's toy? A toy that children of the 800 years old ancient civilization built and played with!! This is something Oda could do, a gag ! And he simply doesn't do gags, he makes things so silly, yet so meaningful. Where, if this theory is taken into account, and we consider that the one piece is indeed a toy that the children of the ancient advanced civilization played with, at the same time it could also turn out that the toy itself was so advanced that it was like a powerful technology for the normal humankind.

To support my theory even further, back when Roger and his crew visited Laugh-tale and figured out what one piece is, Roger laughed and even said something close to "I came at a wrong time, this is not my time to reveal or use the one piece". It's something that people are so serious about that they wanna turn the whole world down. But only someone with the innocence of a child can actually use the one piece, since no adult can value a toy as much as a child can. Which is why if recalled, op has always shown how boys like Luffy, Chopper, Usopp and the boys from Punk hazard are so fascinated with robots and cool mechanical machineries. And the term "man's romance" is always stressed at times like these.

If anyone has seen Ben 10 alien force and recalls that one episode where a mysterious cube shaped alien technology was mimicking anyone who attacked it, like Gwen, Kevin, their powers, and even transformed into every one of Ben's aliens and it seemed like a totally destructive and advanced weapon. But it turns out, it was just a child's toy from some higher dimension and the child's mother later came to earth and picked up the toy, saying that her kid had dropped the toy somewhere back when they came to the lower dimension on the earth, for a family picnic. Or to hang out or something like that.

I feel this little Ben 10 alien force scene is a coincidental yet strong correspondence with the theory i have proposed above. In short what I'm guessing is, there's a huge chance that in a story like one piece where Oda likes to just mess around like what children would like the most, with cartoonish art style and funny gags, where he not only shows us serious stuff, but never fails to make us laugh with his cartoonish composition of manga panels and the over all story, the one piece could very well be just a toy, like a robot or some sort of weapon or a machinery, which to normal humankind, would look like a powerful weapon and the adults will surely try to obtain it for their selfish desires. Whereas, only a child's innocence could make the utmost use of it.

[bimboficationblues]

Marv Wolfman and George Perez's "New Teen Titans" Evaluated

Background

This analysis covers Marv Wolfman and George Perez's New Teen Titans (1980) #1-40, Tales of the Teen Titans #41-58, and New Teen Titans (1984) #1-5. My justification is that after #5, Perez leaves the series he helped define through his bold, detailed panels and spreads, and Wolfman self-professedly experiences writer's block and starts rehashing some plots for a while before things go off the rails in the 90s. So I kind of consider the arc "The Terror of Trigon" a good wrap-up point because it takes the character of Raven (whose motivations kick off the series) off the playing field, Perez departs, and most other plots have resolved in a satisfactory way by this point. I may make an addendum post about the post-Perez years at some point.

DC Comics' The New Teen Titans was intended to emulate the success of the Uncanny X-Men under Chris Claremont over at Marvel Comics. Wolfman took the ensemble cast and tangle of interwoven, character-driven plots of UXM and pushed them in a parallel direction.

The X-Men under Claremont's tenure centered on an internationalist group of mostly adult misfits, "hated and feared" as the old slogan goes, caught up in a complex, politically charged science-fantasy soap opera, and all the characters are haunted by death or absence in one way or another in connection to their social position. The new status quo had also cleared away most of the characters from the poorly received Stan Lee era, instead focusing on a new cast with new relationships, motives, and histories to uncover. Claremont's run is very much about the long game. God, I should really reread it and do a writeup.

By contrast, NTT is less politically pointed (and when it does attempt to be politically pointed it usually falls flat) and generally less grand in scope, but still has a very clear thematic thrust. The Titans are teenagers in the middle of discovering themselves as people, and they deal with a lot of pre-rational frustrations surrounding intimacy and emotional forthrightness. They also regularly confront institutions and authorities that have diminishing, exploitative, or degrading expectations for them because of their age or social status. This reflects Wolfman and Perez's intentions for the book, which was to get the team out from under the shadow of the Justice League and make their own unique mark.

In my own estimation, while I think UXM's highs are generally better and more bizarre or interesting, NTT has fewer valleys - at least while Wolfman and Perez are collaborating (though to be fair, Wolfman/Perez worked together for only five years while Claremont wrote his book for sixteen). I think this reflects Wolfman's stronger aptitude for characterization and Perez's guiding touch as a co-plotter, while Claremont's talent lay in worldbuilding and grand-scheme plotting.

Anyway, perhaps unsurprisingly for a book that is basically "X-Men but more immediately relatable to teenagers," NTT sold like gangbusters and kept DC Comics from bankruptcy.

The People

The ensemble cast of NTT is especially strong because it deliberately ties to the book's themes about growing up and becoming your own person.

The empathic pacifist Raven feels as though her own emotions could at any point explode and hurt everyone around her - seeing them as outlets for the aspects of her father that exist within her to emerge - so she shuts herself off from the world (kind of a transfem imo).

Starfire is a sexually liberated free spirit with a passionate rage towards injustice on account of having experienced it herself, expressed by blinding solar-powered starbolts, as well as blood-knight tendencies that place her at odds with her teammates and Earth society at large (kind of a transfem imo).

Changeling (formerly known as Beast Boy) is a young class-clown masking an inferiority complex and a disbelief in his own self-worth, linked to a feeling of being repeatedly left behind by abandonment, betrayal, or death.

Robin is self-serious, overly self-reliant, and trying to figure out what makes a good leader, as well as get out from under his mentors' shadows, which eventually shapes his evolution into Nightwing.

Cyborg's race and disability mark him as an outcast; while some of the writing around this merits criticism, it produces a character who is struggling with a fundamental loneliness, exhaustion, and anger at being treated like an object of utility by the adults in his life and a monster by society at large, which makes his budding friendships with the other Titans much sweeter.

Late introduction Jericho, a non-verbal mutant, is a sweet, sensitive artistic type, but also a bit scary, reflected in his ability to temporarily possess people by making eye contact with them; he's largely a means to ground Raven at a time when her other teammates are getting increasingly wary of her. Just don't read about what happens to him later.

Another latecomer, Terra, is sort of the problem child of the team; she's the youngest along with Beast Boy, she's got buck teeth and a bad attitude, is clearly immature and doesn't believe in other people's ability to help her. She's an insecure and angry child, which makes her highly dangerous given her control over earth and rock. We also learn fairly early after she joins the team that she's a spy, and questions start stirring about how she's gonna turn out. We'll come back to Terra, and not for good reasons, but I do actually enjoy her presence within the team as a spanner in the works.

They're all broadly relatable archetypes, but they have enough flexibility within their emotional journeys to allow for different kinds of fun superhero plots.

The casting isn't universally great, though. While Wonder Girl has a more developed personality relative to her previous appearances - serious, bright, and a bit of a romantic, basically the "Mom Friend" - she doesn't get to change much during this section of the book. A lot of her arc is tethered to an extremely boring and inappropriate relationship with college professor Terry Long, and finding her parents, which is resolved in a single issue. (Crisis on Infinite Earths later made her the victim of one of the biggest continuity snarls in DC, but that is outside the scope of this review.) Kid Flash is also there, but only to be out-of-character, annoying, conservative, and a dick to Raven, because Wolfman didn't actually want him in the book. The leap from this to something like Mark Waid's run on "The Flash" is night and day.

Throughout the series there are a number of interwoven plotlines, many of which tie into a cast of recurring villains. I don't think any of these antagonists, as characters, are especially strong, but they definitely serve as good engines for drama. You've got the Fearsome Five, the demon and Raven's father Trigon, Starfire's imperialist sister Blackfire, mysteriously immortal child-killer Brother Blood and his Church, and wily hyper-competent mercenary Deathstroke the Terminator. I'm not even listing everyone here - the number of iconic antagonists introduced or refined in this period is seriously impressive. So let's talk the plots they brought with them!

The Plots

Raven brings the Titans together initially to confront her father Trigon, making her conflict with him arguably the heart of the book. The first few issues go about establishing some villains and introducing our core cast, who are not getting along super great at this point and are largely held together by Raven's manipulation. Slowly, however, the team grows to understand and trust one another. After an initial encounter with Trigon in which they just barely contain him with the help of Raven's mother, the group gets involved in a variety of shorter and longer adventures. Some of my favorites:

The original Trigon arc is great, and I especially like the introduction of Raven's personal history with the Azarath pacifists, a civilization of passive mystics pledged to non-interference with Trigon's evil and who raised Raven to repress her emotions. It makes for really great drama and angst on Raven's part, as she doesn't understand why these wise people would turn a blind eye to cruelty and oppression.

Starfire is kidnapped by her evil sister Blackfire for a bizarre space opera costarring the rebellious Omega Men, which really lets Perez show off strange creatures and technology. The journey to rescue Starfire splinters the group into different factions operating with imperfect information at various points, as different segments of the alien civilizations jockey for supremacy, until finally the two sisters face off in a bloody showdown.

The team has several encounters with the mysterious Brother Blood and his corrupting Church of Blood, which spreads its tendrils throughout politics and the media and inflicts harsh punishments on heathens and apostates. This is perhaps the most on-the-nose example of authorities trying to use children to their own ends, and Brother Blood is quite imposing as an antagonist.

The group confronts the Brotherhood of Evil in the nation of Zandia, with Changeling looking to rescue the last vestiges of his old Doom Patrol team and exact revenge on the people that wiped out one of his families. It's pretty dark and introduces a new international Brotherhood of Evil that's surprisingly fun to watch.

There are some nice one-shot issues as well, like Robin's investigation of Wonder Girl's (pre-Crisis) origins; Cyborg's reconciliation with his father; the very weird story of Thunder and Lightning, mutant children of an alien who went to Vietnam; and "Who Killed Trident?", where the group has to put together disparate stories to figure out how a supervillain wound up dead. (Spoilers: it's multiple guys in the same costume, a conceit Wolfman would rehash with the Wildebeest Society after Perez departs.)

The only real lowlights here are a couple of blander self-contained issues, and the brief arc where Wonder Girl and Starfire have a confrontation in Themyscira, home of the Amazons, in which WG gets hypno-seduced. It's very lame. This sort of horned up 80s sexism is an unfortunately recurring facet of the book.

But barring those misses, the first volume of NTT is consistently great. We also get a miniseries focusing on the four lesser-known members of the team (Changeling, Starfire, Cyborg, and Raven) that explores their backstories in a bit more detail; it's not necessary but it's a fine read. It's after the book splits in two, the coextensive "Tales of the Teen Titans" and second volume of "New Teen Titans," that things start getting a little wobbly. First, the Brother Blood plot wraps up ambiguously, which is fine. Then we get to "The Judas Contract," the most famous and controversial Teen Titans story.

"The Judas Contract" sees the whole team undone by the viper in their garden, Terra, and exposes the cracks in their collective armor. This arc is a culmination of established plot points rather than a self-contained story, as Deathstroke's vengeance quest towards the Titans and Terra's status as a mole had already been long established. So it's really more about seeing how these things will pay off. Will Terra redeem herself, will she die? What are her motivations? Will Deathstroke complete his contract to capture or kill the Titans, and how? This remains a very popular story and it definitely has its strong points: Dick Grayson's reinvention of himself as Nightwing after a clever issue where he investigates the disappearance of his friends, the introduction of Jericho (who has a very 80s visual design but a great presence on the team), and the final action-packed confrontation. And while I'm about to say a lot of critical things about Terra's character writing, there are definitely things I like about her as a character and villain.

However, it is impossible to escape the fact that the writing of the arc's core antagonists, Deathstroke and Terra, is extremely fucked. Perez's comments about his intentions for the 15-year-old Terra's character are legitimately heinous, and Terra's "evil" is symbolically represented by her wearing eyeshadow and negligees, sleeping with a much older man, and smoking (Deathstroke even says "good superhero girls don't wear makeup"). We basically come away with a story about a victim of statutory rape who gets karmically punished for being innately crazy and evil, while the man who groomed her kind of gets let off the hook and painted as an equal victim. It's such a shallow, regressive morality play, with dashes of sexism and stigma around mental illness, and it stands out very strangely against the otherwise fairly grounded character work in NTT. It's also a severely missed opportunity to write something more meaningfully tragic. Though honestly, if it were not for the narration in The Judas Contract which proclaims Terra irredeemably evil or the follow-up mini-arc which gives Deathstroke absolution (just in time for an anti-hero rebrand and an ongoing series!), I think the story would work perfectly fine. We'd see somebody consumed by their own rage and trauma after being manipulated and used, which would be a good foil for a lot of the core cast's arcs. As is, though, the '03 cartoon's version of these events is objectively better in every conceivable way.

I would also describe The Judas Contract as the beginning of the end. Before Perez's final arc on "The Terror of Trigon," there are a few filler arcs in "Tales," several of which have guest pencilers who don't have his eye for dramatic layouts and action splashes to nearly the same degree. Worse, a lot of these stories are boring (Cyborg temporarily getting a non-mechanical look and Wonder Girl's wedding) or annoying (Changeling's vengeance quest against Deathstroke, which doubles down on Judas Contract's bad choices, and a forced romance between tertiary characters Lilith and Azrael). We get a little more Jericho which is nice, and a fun little Atlantis story that wraps up the HIVE neatly for the time being, but otherwise this is a valley.

"The Terror of Trigon," though, is legitimately a masterstroke. It's some of Perez's finest draftsmanship and neatly bookends the series with a much more brooding, terrifying take on the original Trigon arc. I honestly don't want to say much more about it - it's worth reading for yourself.

The Pages

While as mentioned, I think Wolfman is a good character writer, it's George Perez's draftsmanship that really makes New Teen Titans shine, and it's after his departure that some of the magic starts to go. However, I don't want to diminish the strength of colorists and inkers like Adrienne Roy and Romeo Tanghal, who do incredible work at making all the artist's pencils feel alive and bright. I don't have great equipment to talk about the pages, so I'll just highlight a few that I really like from across the series. (You may also notice that I have a favorite character.)

The Verdict

I definitely think NTT is worth reading up through The Judas Contract (with a critical eye) and maybe the Atlantis arc that follows it; then you can probably skip ahead to The Terror of Trigon. If you still want to stick with it after that, well, that's for another writeup! There's definitely interesting or intriguing stuff in there, even if there's an uptick in shakier stories. But that entire first volume is basically great.

[andyhe]

DA lithium battery for Eco Friendly RV

You’re in the right place if needed a much more Eco-friendly RV.

You wouldn’t throw the ice cream in the living room, Nor Key scratching the brand new car. We knows how to take good care of what we concerns. There is no different with our own planet, right? For those adventurers out there who want to preserve nature while enjoying RV life, here are our favorite eco-friendly RV tips.

Your Eco-Friendly RV – Tips & Tricks

Yes, you can indulge your RV wanderlust and go green at the same time. Here’s how:

Reduce on Fossil Fuels

You probably know that RVs are heavy on fuel. This is neither environmentally friendly nor good for the wallet. Since the average diesel RV only gets 8-14 miles per gallon, it’s imperative to maximize fuel efficiency. Try these RV tips to reduce gas:

Go for a smaller vehicle. If you’re in the market for an RV and want to minimize gas consumption, opt for a smaller Class C motorhome, or even a Class B van. The bigger the rig, the more gasoline it consumes.

Stay up-to-date with maintenance. Small tweaks can make a huge difference. For example, keeping your tires properly inflated can improve fuel consumption by up to 3%. 

Change to bio–diesel fuel.  Bio-diesel is a renewable, biodegradable fuel made from animal fats, vegetable oils, or recycled restaurant grease. Not currently available at all gas stations. But it’s growing in popularity, and you can use this handy online tool to find alternative gas stations near you.

Press the accelerator lightly. Slow down and enjoy the scenic route. By accelerating less and maintaining a moderate speed, you save fuel. The best speed for an RV is 55 to 60 mph.

Travel light. Only bring travel essentials. Dead weight will slow your RV down and cost you more fuel.

Pro Tip: Switch to lithium RV batteries and reduce hitch weight by up to 70%. The weight of ion lithium RV battery is 1/2 of lead-acid battery with the same capacity.

Charge Your Gadgets With The Power Of The Sun

Most of us use a ton of gadgets every day. Think cell phones, laptops, cameras, and more. Since they all need to be charged, why not reduce energy consumption and use solar energy? After all, solar energy is a completely renewable energy source.

By calculating and armed with solar panels, inverter&controller, most important with our stable and security DA lithium battery pack, You are allowed to charge your gadgets from anywhere. Whether you’re staying in your RV or backpacking in the mountains for the weekend, it never hurts to have solar power at your disposal. Even better, charging your devices with solar power is better for the environment.

Try Your Hand At Dry Camping Or Boondocking 

Dry camping and boondocking are some of the best ways to make your RV eco friendly. They are also fun! If you can ditch the connection for a few nights, you’ll be rewarded with open spaces and starry skies, especially for the rednecks out there.

Just because you’re off the grid doesn’t mean you’re necessarily going to be uncomfortable. With high-efficiency household batteries, you can still power essentials like water systems, lighting, and ceiling fans. But not just any battery will do. You need a reliable and energy-efficient power supply to power your weekends.

With our trusty 12V LiFePO4 battery, you can forget about electrical connections and enjoy nature.

Pro Tip: Use the 12V lithium battery (series or parallel connection) to charge and power your lights, fans and pumps, even when you’re in the middle of nowhere. Lithium is the best RV battery ever for boondocking as it is efficient, reliable and environmentally safe. 

Switch to Smart, Energy Efficient Lithium Batteries

You can make a huge leap toward Eco friendly RVing with this one small step: switch to lithium RV batteries. Here’s why:

Lithium is toxin-free. While lead-acid batteries may be the cheapest option for an RV, they’re not the greenest. They contain harmful substances, including sulfuric acid and lead. This is why they require maintenance and must be stored properly to prevent spills from contaminating the environment. Lithium batteries are a safer, smarter, environmentally friendly RV alternative. They are non-toxic, non-spillable and recyclable. You can even store them indoors.

Lithium is smart. Lithium batteries are smart batteries because they have a battery management system(BMS) that prevents overcharging (and subsequent damage). They could also access to your phone via Bluetooth. With a few taps, you can see exactly how much energy is left and the statements of every single cell’s healthy.

Lithium is more efficient. Lithium batteries support charge @100% efficiently, while lead-acid batteries charge @85 % efficiently. You can use a smaller and less expensive solar setup to charge lithium than you can charge a similar sized lead-acid battery. Because of their efficiency, lithium battery packs run out of power much less frequently. This is important when you need to use limited power wisely, such as when you’re boondocking!

Quick Tips for Eco Friendly RV Living

Cutting down on fossil fuel use, staying off the grid, harnessing solar power, and switching to smart batteries are all major ways to turn your home-on-the-go into an Eco friendly RV. But here are a few more RV tips to help you go even greener:

Use enzyme-based tank cleaners instead of chemical-based cleaners for your RV toilet.

Switch out basic bulbs and replace them with energy-saving LED lights. 

Use reusable, lightweight plates and utensils instead of disposable plastic and polyfoam.

Conserve water by bringing your own water filtration system and using the water around you. Install a water-saving shower head to reduce waste. 

Leave no trace! Take everything you brought to the campsite with you when you leave.

[classytreeflower]

All about solar power

HOW THE SOLAR PANEL WORKS

Solar panels are increasingly being used in households. This is made possible by reducing the cost of such panels, reducing the size, and increasing productivity.

Solar panels are increasingly being used in households. This is possible due to the reduction in the cost of such panels, reduction in size and increase in performance, and other factors that make solar panels affordable. Solar energy is a renewable energy source that is available to almost everyone. That is why today, the number of people who want to know how to convert sunlight into electricity and how a solar panel works is growing, as well as those who install solar systems in their homes on their own or with the help of specialists.

How do solar panels work?

The solar battery consists of photovoltaic converters, which are connected in a certain way. The composition of these conductors includes two layers of semiconductors of different types of conductivity - p and n. Silicon is used as such a semiconductor, adding certain impurities. The addition of phosphorus to silicon leads to an excess of electrons appearing in the resulting structure, which in turn leads to the appearance of an n-type semiconductor. When boron is mixed in, a p-type semiconductor is characterized by a lack of electrons or the presence of "holes." You get a photovoltaic converter by placing these two layers between the electrodes and providing the top layer with sunlight.

The current and voltage produced by a single photocell are not large. In a solar battery, they are combined and installed in a certain way to increase the indicated indicators. With a series connection, the total output voltage will be proportional to their number, and a parallel link increases current. Combining in a certain way the two ways of connecting photocells, the result is the required output parameters of the solar panel.

When sunlight hits the panel's surface, not all of the sun's energy is converted into electricity. Part of the energy is reflected and goes to heat the elements.

When is the decision to install solar panels most relevant?

One of the cases where the purchase and installation of solar energy systems justify itself is the established limit on the use of electricity in places with insufficient capacity of local substations. In most cases, removing such restrictions is technically impossible or costs much more than installing solar panels.

By purchasing equipment for electricity production from sunlight, the owner of a private house gains independence from a centralized energy supplier with ever-increasing prices per kilowatt of electricity, vivint solar. It receives as much electricity as it needs.

If you need to equip the roof with solar panels but are a beginner in such matters, then the best option would be to turn to proven specialists with relevant experience. Do you want a non-volatile home where you do not have to pay for electricity and heating? Start with an action plan and get acquainted with the ways to achieve the goal, and our online hypermarket will be happy to help you! Buy energy supply products at the best prices and get one step closer to your dream juiceboxsolar.com!

[powerenerjicom]

How to Connect Solar Panels? Series Connection and Parallel Connection

When solar panels are connected in series, the voltage of each panel is added together while the current remains the same. For example, if you connect four 12V panels in series, the total voltage will be 48V, but the current will stay the same as that of a single panel. This method is often used to meet the voltage requirements of an inverter or charge controller. Güneş Paneli Fiyatları

When solar panels are connected in parallel, the voltage remains the same as that of a single panel, but the current is the sum of the currents of all the panels. For example, if you connect four 12V panels in parallel, the total voltage will still be 12V, but the current will be the sum of the currents of each panel. This method is often used to increase the total current to meet the requirements of a battery bank or other devices.

Source: https://satis.powerenerji.com/gunes-paneli-fiyatlari/

[rvtravellife]

How to Hook Up RV Batteries in Parallel: Simple and Efficient Expert Guide

by Richard Gastmeier Parallel connection refers to an electrical circuit configuration where components are connected across the same voltage points. This setup means that the voltage is constant across all components, but the total current is the sum of the currents through each component..... Introduction Welcome to the ultimate guide on learning how to hook up RV batteries in parallel! If you plan to extend your off-grid adventures or want more energy storage for your travel trailer, understanding how to connect your batteries properly is essential. In this comprehensive article, we'll walk through everything you need to know to get this set up right, starting from the reasons you might want parallel connections, the materials and tools you'll need for the job, step-by-step instructions on how to do it, and finally some essential safety tips and maintenance advice to ensure your setup serves you well over time. Understanding Series Connection When connecting RV batteries in series, you link their positive terminals to negative terminals, increasing overall voltage. For instance, if you connect two 12-volt AGM batteries in series, the total voltage of the batteries together in series becomes 24 volts. 12-Volt batteries in series can be beneficial in scenarios where higher voltage is required for specific RV appliances or systems. However, it's crucial to carefully assess your RV's electrical system compatibility with the increased voltage. Wiring RV batteries in series should be part of a thoughtful design to ensure seamless integration and effective power management for your RV adventures. Understanding Parallel Connections Parallel connection refers to an electrical circuit configuration where components are connected across the same voltage points. This setup means the voltage is constant across all components, but the total current is the sum of the currents through each component. In robotics, and especially recreational vehicles (RVs), parallel connections are essential for managing the energy distribution from the power source, such as a battery bank, to various subsystems. Parallel wiring allows multiple appliances and systems to operate independently without affecting each other's performance. It is common in RVs to use parallel connections for energy storage systems to increase the available amp-hour capacity while keeping the voltage constant, which is crucial for ensuring the proper operation of onboard electronics and appliances. For instance, if an RV has multiple 12-volt batteries connected in parallel, the total output will still be 12 volts. Still, the capacity (amp-hours) will increase, allowing for longer use of appliances before the batteries need to be recharged. This is essential for RV owners who spend extended periods off-grid and require a reliable power supply. Moreover, solar panels are often connected in parallel to provide a consistent charge to the battery bank without over-voltage, which is essential for the longevity of the RV battery and the system's safety. Overall, parallel connections are integral to the efficient design of an RV's electrical system. They help maintain consistent voltage levels, provide flexibility in the power system's design, and ensure that power is available to multiple systems simultaneously. Thus, any RV traveler must learn to hook up RV batteries in parallel. Benefits of Parallel Connection The advantages of parallel wiring RV batteries over wiring them in series are numerous. They include increased amp-hour capacity, which translates to longer usage time for your devices and appliances, and redundancy, ensuring that if one battery fails, the system can still function with the remaining RV batteries. Parallel connection is a common practice for increasing the power storage system's available amp-hour (Ah) capacity while maintaining the same voltage. This configuration involves connecting the positive terminals of two or more volt batteries and the negative terminals. The primary benefit of a parallel connection is the increased total capacity, which directly translates to a more extended power supply duration before needing recharging. This can be particularly advantageous for RV users who require more power for extended off-grid camping or for powering numerous or high-consumption devices. Another advantage of parallel battery configurations is redundancy. When two batteries are connected in parallel, if one fails, the other can still provide power, albeit at a reduced total capacity. This redundancy can provide security and reliability, ensuring that some power will be available even if one battery goes out of service. Moreover, a parallel connection can also contribute to a more balanced discharge and recharge of the batteries. When batteries are used and charged as a group, they tend to even out each other's charge states, leading to more uniform usage and potentially longer overall battery life. Lastly, it's important to remember that while amplifying the total Ah capacity, one must ensure that the connected batteries are of the same type, age, and capacity to prevent an imbalance in the charging and discharging cycles, which can detrimentally affect battery performance and lifespan..... Read More... Read the full article

[solispowersolution]

A Step-By-Step Guide To Solar Panel Installation

A step-by-step guide to solar panel installation for Solis Power Solution involves several important steps. Firstly, it's important to have a thorough understanding of the installation overview specific to Solis Energy Storage Inverters. This includes proper planning and safety considerations, such as buying necessary materials, unboxing, and ensuring a safe working environment.

Step-by-Step Instructions for Installing Solar Panels

Solar panels can provide power for both business and residential use. In both cases, photovoltaic panels are mounted on the roof to capture as much sunlight as possible and create as much power.

The following are the steps in the solar system installation procedure:

Step 1: Installing the mount

The solar panel mounting brackets must be installed first. Roof-ground mounts or flush mounts may be used based on the application. This foundation gives stability and support. 

The optimum direction to face solar panels in the Northern Hemisphere is south because it receives the most sunlight. Both east and west directions are acceptable. The ideal direction for countries in the Southern Hemisphere is north.

Step 2: Put the solar panels in place

After that, the solar panels must be secured to the mounting structure using nuts and bolts. The entire construction is secured adequately to ensure that it is durable and long-lasting.

Step 3: Install the electrical wiring

Electrical wiring comes next. Universal connectors such as MC4 are used for cabling since they can be used with any solar panel. The following sequence of electrical connections can be made between these panels

Series Connection and Parallel Connection.

Step 4: Connect the solar inverter to the system

The system must then be connected to a solar inverter. The positive wire from the solar panel is linked to the inverter’s positive terminal, while the negative wire is connected to the inverter’s negative terminal.

To generate power, the solar inverter is linked to the Solar Battery and Grid Input.

Step 5: Connect the solar inverter to the solar battery

After that, you must connect the solar inverter and solar battery. The battery’s positive terminal is linked to the positive terminal of the inverter, and the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the inverter. 

Step 6: Link the solar inverter to the power grid

The inverter must then be connected to the grid. A standard plug can be used to connect to the main power switchboard. The electric board that delivers electricity is linked to an output wire.

Step 7: Turn on the solar inverter

When all of the electrical cabling and connections are complete, turn on the inverter switch on the home’s main switch. Most solar inverters will include a digital display that will show you statistics about your solar unit’s generation and use.

And there you go. Your solar system installation is complete! For years and years, you can enjoy FREE Renewable Green Energy!

Conclusion:

Solis Power Solution is committed to providing high-quality services to our customers. Join us in adopting a brighter, more sustainable future for India. with over 15 years of experience and experience we are serving solar green energy, Visit our website at www.solispower.in to learn more about our solar solutions. Our team is always happy to answer any questions and guide you. 

[solarkart]

Solar Panel Installation in Delhi

Title- Solar Panel Installation

Solar panel installation involves the process of setting up photovoltaic (PV) panels on rooftops or other suitable structures to convert sunlight into electricity. Here’s an overview of the process:

1. Site Assessment:

Initial Consultation: A professional assesses the site to determine its suitability for solar panel installation. Solar Power Installation This includes checking the roof's condition, angle, orientation, and potential shading from nearby trees or buildings.

Energy Needs Analysis: The homeowner's or business’s energy usage is reviewed to recommend an appropriately sized system. Solar Panel Maintenance

2. Design and Planning:

System Design: Engineers design the solar system, determining the number of panels needed, their arrangement, and the type of inverter required. Solar Energy Systems

Permitting: Necessary permits are obtained from local authorities, ensuring compliance with zoning laws and electrical codes.

3. Installation:

Mounting System Installation: The roof is prepared, and mounting systems are installed to securely hold the solar panels. These mounts are usually placed at an angle to maximize sunlight exposure.

Panel Installation: The solar panels are then affixed to the mounting system. Wiring is connected to link the panels in series or parallel configurations, depending on the design.

Inverter and Electrical Connections: The system is connected to an inverter, which converts the direct current (DC) generated by the panels into alternating current (AC) used by household appliances. The inverter is connected to the main electrical panel, and a net meter is installed if the system is tied to the grid.

4. Inspection and Testing:

System Testing: After installation, the system is tested to ensure it is working correctly and safely. Solar Power Installation

Final Inspection: Local authorities inspect the installation to verify that it meets all regulations. Solar Panel Installation in Delhi

5. Activation:

Utility Company Coordination: For grid-tied systems, the utility company may need to be involved to switch on the system and start the net metering process. Solar Power Installation

System Activation: Once everything is approved, the system is activated, and the solar panels start generating electricity. Solar Energy Systems

6. Maintenance:

Regular Checks: Routine maintenance is recommended to keep the panels clean and the system running efficiently. Solar Panel Maintenance

Monitoring: Many systems come with monitoring software that allows users to track energy production in real-time. Roof Top Solar Panel

Benefits:

Energy Savings: Reduces electricity bills by generating your own power.

Environmental Impact: Solar energy is renewable and reduces reliance on fossil fuels, lowering your carbon footprint. Solar Panel Installation in Delhi

Increased Property Value: Homes with solar installations often have higher property values. This process typically takes a few weeks from initial consultation to final activation, depending on the complexity and size of the system. Solar Panel Installation in UP

www.solarkart.co.in

Solar Power Installation, Solar Panel Maintenance, Solar Energy Systems, Solar Panel Installation in Delhi, Solar Panel Installation in UP, Roof Top Solar Panel

[epromptenterprise1]

Reliable Power Solutions: Eprompt Enterprise - Your Trusted UPS Dealer in Gujarat

Eprompt Enterprise, one of the leading UPS Dealer in Bharuch engaged in manufacturing, supplying and service providing of Power Division, System Integration Division and Solar Power Division. The offered series includes UPS System, Servo and Static Voltage Stabilizer, Electric Panel, Isolation Transformer, Batteries, Transient Voltage Suppressor, Battery Bank, etc.

Our production unit uses the best quality raw material available in the market, obtain from our certified vendors. Eprompt Enterprise, the UPS Dealer in Bharuch have an experienced production unit with advanced machines and the latest technology in order to meet the client’s requirements and to match industrial terms. Our valuable customers can avail this product from us at an economical price.

Eprompt is the leading distributor and UPS Dealer in Bharuch of IGBT Based Online UPS, UPS and our product is made up of good quality.

UPS Dealer in Bharuch offers UPS Series is a full-featured scalable UPS designed to provide long backup time for network equipment and small computer rooms.

Using true online double conversion UPS technology, Eprompt, UPS Dealer in Bharuch provides UPS services of high efficiency and reliability with 0.92/0.82 output power factor that can power 15–35% more load than other ordinary UPS.

This UPS offers adjustability with parallel-able configuration and extended backup time with external battery cabinets.

You should check the system wiring and conduct the panel setting manually capable of parallel connection to achieve parallel redundant power.

High-frequency dual conversion topology structure, with high input power factor, huge input voltage range, and output immune to grid interference, thus adaptable to areas with unstable mains supply high power densities.

Full latest the digital control technology based on the digital signal processor to achieve high system reliability with fault diagnosis and self-protection functions intelligent battery management to extend the battery module life operation and display panel with both LED and LCD indication.

Rack installation and tower installation are voluntary to meet different installation requirements capable of eco power supply mode, which helps you save energy to the maximum range of flexible network management.

Eprompt, UPS Dealer in Bharuch provides critical infrastructure technologies and rapidly deployable customized remedies to meet specific business needs and requirements.

Our dedicated group focuses on surpassing clients expectations and ensures that services are always up to the mark from smooth order processing to on-schedule delivery.

Quality goods and timely service to our clients being the objective that governs the company, the team at Eprompt the UPS Dealer in Bharuch aims to understand the requirements of the clients thoroughly in order to impeccably supply and serve to them. Our customers include a large number of distributors, contractors, resellers, wholesalers located within and outside of India with whom our teams work very closely in order to obtain feedback on services and products for further improvement and magnification.

For More details visit our Website :- http://www.epromptenterprise.com/

[sunrisedynamicsolar]

How Solar Panels Work?

1. Introduction to Photovoltaic (PV) Technology

Overview: Explain the basic principles of photovoltaic technology, which converts sunlight directly into electricity.

Composition: Describe the components of a solar panel, including photovoltaic cells, a frame, a glass cover, and wiring.

2. Photovoltaic Effect

Photovoltaic Cells: Discuss how photovoltaic cells, typically made of silicon or other semiconductor materials, generate electricity when exposed to sunlight.

Electron Excitation: Explain how sunlight photons excite electrons in the semiconductor material, creating an electric current.

3. Solar Panel Construction

Layers of a Solar Cell: Describe the layers within a photovoltaic cell, such as the semiconductor material, metal contacts, and anti-reflective coating.

Connection of Cells: Illustrate how multiple solar cells are connected in series or parallel within a solar panel to increase voltage or current, respectively.

4. The Role of Inverters

Conversion of DC to AC: Explain the function of inverters, which convert the direct current (DC) electricity produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) electricity suitable for use in homes and businesses.

Grid Connection: Discuss grid-tied inverters, which synchronize the output of solar panels with the electricity grid, allowing for net metering and seamless integration with existing electrical systems.

5. Solar Panel Orientation and Tracking

Optimal Angle and Direction: Provide guidance on how to orient solar panels to maximize sunlight exposure, considering factors such as latitude, roof pitch, and shading.

Solar Tracking Systems: Introduce solar tracking systems, which automatically adjust the angle and orientation of solar panels throughout the day to optimize sunlight capture.

6. Efficiency and Performance

Factors Affecting Efficiency: Discuss the factors that affect the efficiency of solar panels, including temperature, shading, and angle of incidence.

Efficiency Ratings: Explain how solar panel efficiency is measured and why it’s important for maximizing energy production.

7. Applications of Solar Panels

Residential Installations: Highlight the use of solar panels on residential rooftops to generate clean electricity for household consumption.

Commercial and Industrial Use: Discuss how businesses, industries, and institutions integrate solar panels into their operations to reduce energy costs and carbon emissions.

Utility-Scale Solar Farms: Describe large-scale solar installations, such as solar farms, that feed electricity into the grid to meet the energy needs of communities and regions.

8. Environmental Impact

Carbon Emissions Reduction: Emphasize the environmental benefits of solar panels, including reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution.

Land Use and Environmental Concerns: Address potential environmental considerations associated with solar panel manufacturing, installation, and end-of-life disposal.

9. Future Developments

Emerging Technologies: Discuss ongoing research and development in solar energy, such as thin-film solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and solar panel recycling.

Integration with Energy Storage: Explore the integration of solar panels with energy storage systems, such as batteries, to enable greater energy independence and grid resilience.

For more information please click here best solar panel company in delhi

Original source from

[sunnyenergysolar]

Solar Farms: What Are They & How Do They Work? - Sunny Energy

This Blog was Originally Published at:

Solar Farms: What Are They & How Do They Work? — Sunny Energy

The development of Solar farms today marks a very significant aspect of the changing trajectory in power generation from one energy source to another. This process is changing how electricity generation will take place across the world in future and it is therefore wise that we all understand the basics about Solar farms including what they actually are as well as the different kinds which exist and how they operate in practice. Solar energy is presently regarded as an energy source that shows potential for coming up with an alternative through being clean or sustainable unlike other fossil fuels that are common today.

What is a solar farm?

A solar farm, also known as a solar park or solar field, is a large-scale installation of solar panels used to generate electricity. These farms can range from a few acres to hundreds of acres in size, and their primary purpose is to harvest sunlight and convert it into electricity through photovoltaic (PV) cells.

Types of solar farms

Utility-scale solar panel farm are large installations that generate electricity for the grid and are typically owned by utility companies or independent power producers. Community solar panel farm, on the other hand, are smaller-scale installations that are shared by multiple community members and allow individuals and businesses to benefit from solar energy without installing solar panels on their own property. Both types of solar farms play an important role in expanding access to clean, renewable energy and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

1. Utility-scale solar farms:

Utility-scale solar panels on farmland are large solar installations that are designed to generate electricity for the grid. These solar farms are typically owned and operated by utility companies or independent power producers. Utility-scale solar panels on farmland can range in size from several megawatts to hundreds of megawatts in capacity. These solar farms are often located in remote areas with ample sunlight to maximize their energy production potential. The electricity generated by utility-scale solar panels on farmland is fed into the electrical grid and distributed to homes, businesses, and industries in the area.

2. Community solar farms:

How does a solar farm work?

A solar farm works by harnessing the sun’s energy using solar panels, converting that energy into electricity through PV cells, and then converting it into AC electricity through inverters. The electricity generated can be used immediately or stored in batteries for later use, providing a clean and renewable source of energy.

1. Solar panels and photovoltaic cells:

Solar panels, also known as solar modules, are made up of photovoltaic (PV) cells. These cells are typically made of silicon and are the core components responsible for converting sunlight into electricity. When sunlight hits the PV cells, it excites the electrons in the silicon, creating an electric current. This phenomenon is known as the photovoltaic effect.

2. Conversion of sunlight into DC electricity:

The electric current generated by the PV cells is direct current (DC) electricity, which is the same type of electricity produced by batteries. Each solar panel produces a relatively small amount of electricity. To generate enough electricity for practical use, multiple solar panels are connected in series and parallel to form a solar array.

3. Inverters:

The DC electricity produced by the solar panels is not directly usable by most appliances and the electricity grid, which operate on alternating current (AC). Inverters are used to convert the DC electricity from the solar panels into AC electricity. This process is necessary to make the electricity compatible with the grid and usable by homes, businesses, and industries.

4. Grid connection:

Once the DC electricity is converted into AC electricity, it is fed into the electrical grid through a connection point. The electricity generated by the solar farm can be used locally or fed into the larger grid to be distributed to homes and businesses in the area.

5. Battery storage:

Some solar farms incorporate battery storage systems to store excess electricity generated during the day for use during times when the sun is not shining, such as at night or during cloudy weather. Batteries allow solar farms to provide a more stable and reliable source of electricity, as they can store energy when it is abundant and release it when needed.

6. Monitoring and control systems:

Solar farms are equipped with monitoring and control systems that track the performance of the solar panels, inverters, and other components. These systems help optimize the performance of the solar farm and ensure that it is operating efficiently.

Benefits of solar farms

Solar farms offer a range of benefits, including providing clean and renewable energy, reducing operating costs, creating jobs, offering scalability, and improving energy security. As technology continues to advance and costs continue to decrease, solar farms will play an increasingly important role in our transition to a more sustainable energy future. Here are some benefits of solar farms:

1. Clean and renewable energy source:

Solar energy is a clean and renewable energy source, meaning it does not produce harmful greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. By harnessing the power of the sun, solar farms help reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which are finite resources and produce harmful emissions when burned.

2. Low operating costs:

Once a solar farm is installed, the operating costs are relatively low compared to traditional power plants. Sunlight, the fuel for solar energy, is free and abundant, reducing the need for costly fuel purchases and transportation.

3. Job creation:

The development, construction, and maintenance of solar farms create jobs in the solar energy industry. These jobs range from manufacturing solar panels and inverters to installing and maintaining solar farms, stimulating economic growth and providing employment opportunities.

4. Scalability:

Solar farms can be built to match energy demand, allowing for scalability and flexibility in energy production. Additional solar panels can be easily added to existing solar farms to increase capacity as needed, making solar energy a highly adaptable energy source.

5. Remote power generation:

Disadvantages of solar farms

While solar farms offer many benefits, including clean and renewable energy generation, they also have several disadvantages that need to be considered. Addressing these disadvantages through continued technological advancements, improved planning and siting practices, and effective mitigation measures can help maximize the benefits of solar farms while minimizing their negative impacts. Here are some disadvantages:

1. High initial costs:

One of the primary disadvantages of solar farms is the high initial cost of building them. The cost of solar panels and other components has been decreasing in recent years, but the upfront investment required to purchase and install these components can still be significant.

2. Intermittency:

Solar energy is dependent on sunlight, so solar farms do not produce electricity at night or during cloudy weather. This intermittency can be a challenge for grid operators, as they need to balance electricity supply and demand to ensure grid stability. Battery storage systems can help mitigate this issue by storing excess electricity generated during sunny periods for use during periods of low sunlight.

3. Land use:

Solar farms require large areas of land to accommodate the large number of solar panels needed to generate electricity. In areas with limited available land or competing land uses, such as agricultural land or natural habitats, the use of land for solar farms can be a concern. Proper siting and land use planning can help minimize the impact of solar farms on valuable land resources.

4. Impact on wildlife:

Solar farms can impact local wildlife habitats and ecosystems, particularly if they are not properly sited and managed. The installation of solar panels can disrupt natural habitats and wildlife corridors, potentially leading to habitat loss and fragmentation. However, proper siting, mitigation measures (such as wildlife-friendly fencing), and ongoing monitoring can help minimize these impacts and ensure that solar farms coexist harmoniously with local wildlife.

Conclusion:

When it comes to shifting towards a more sustainable power future, the critical role played by the upcoming solar farms cannot be overlooked. Despite the several stumbling blocks they face, these are super essential in climate change struggles since they lead to production of uncontaminated power alongside creating job opportunities and expandability. With advancement of technology and falling prices, this trend will probably have higher significance within our overall energy sector in future.

[alienenergy00]

1 kw solar panel for home

Installing solar panels at home is a smart way to reduce electricity bills, enhance energy independence, and promote environmental sustainability. Follow this comprehensive guide to navigate the entire process, from planning and selecting components to installation and maintenance.

1. Assess Your Energy Needs

Calculate Energy Consumption: Review your electricity bills to determine your average daily and monthly energy consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh). This information helps you gauge how many solar panels you need.

Set Goals: Decide whether you want the solar panel system to cover all or part of your energy needs. This will influence the size and number of panels required.

2. Evaluate Your Roof

Roof Condition: Inspect your roof to ensure it is structurally sound and can support the weight of the solar panels. The roof should have a lifespan that matches or exceeds the solar panels' expected lifespan.

Sunlight Exposure: Determine the best location for the panels. Ideally, your roof should face south in the northern hemisphere or north in the southern hemisphere. Ensure there are no obstructions, such as trees or buildings, that could cast shadows.

3. Choose the Right Solar Panels and Components

Types of Panels: Select between monocrystalline (high efficiency, more expensive), polycrystalline (moderate efficiency, less expensive), and thin-film panels (less efficient, more flexible).

Inverters: Choose an inverter to convert the DC electricity generated by the panels into AC electricity for your home. Options include string inverters, micro-inverters, and power optimizers.

Mounting Systems: Pick a mounting system compatible with your roof type to securely attach the panels.

4. Obtain Necessary Permits and Approvals

Local Regulations: Consult your local building authority to understand the required permits and zoning laws. Ensure compliance with all local regulations.

Utility Company Approval: If you plan to connect to the grid, obtain approval from your utility company and learn about net metering policies.

5. Install the Mounting System

Mark Installation Points: Plan and mark the points on your roof where the mounting brackets will be installed. Ensure accurate spacing and alignment.

Secure Mounting Brackets: Attach the mounting brackets securely to the roof, ensuring they are firmly anchored and level.

6. Install Solar Panels

Attach Panels: Secure the solar panels to the mounting brackets. Make sure each panel is properly aligned and securely fastened.

Electrical Connections: Connect the panels in series or parallel, depending on your system design. Use appropriate connectors and ensure all connections are tight and secure.

7. Install Inverter and Other Electrical Components

Mount Inverter: Install the inverter close to your main electrical panel, ideally in a cool, shaded location to prevent overheating.

Wiring: Run electrical wiring from the solar panels to the inverter. Use conduit to protect the wires and ensure safety.

Grounding: Properly ground the system to prevent electrical faults and ensure safety.

8. Connect to Your Home's Electrical System

Breaker Panel Connection: Connect the inverter output to your home’s breaker panel. You may need to install a new breaker dedicated to the solar system.

Utility Grid Connection: If your system is grid-tied, follow your utility company’s guidelines for connecting the system to the grid.

9. Inspection and Testing

Local Authority Inspection: Schedule an inspection with your local building authority to verify the system meets all regulations and safety standards.

System Testing: Test the system to ensure it is operating correctly. Verify the inverter output and check for any issues.

10. Activate and Monitor the System

Turn On the System: Once approved, turn on the system and start generating electricity.

Monitor Performance: Use monitoring software or tools provided by your inverter manufacturer to track the system’s performance and energy production.

11. Maintenance and Upkeep

Regular Inspections: Periodically inspect the panels and system components to ensure they are clean and free from damage.

Cleaning: Clean the panels as needed to remove dust, dirt, and debris that can reduce efficiency.

Professional Maintenance: Schedule regular professional inspections and maintenance to ensure optimal performance and address any potential issues.

Tips for a Successful Installation

Professional Help: Consider hiring a professional installer for complex tasks or if you’re unfamiliar with electrical work. This ensures safety and compliance with regulations.

Warranty and Support: Choose equipment with good warranties and reliable customer support to protect your investment and provide assistance if needed.

By following these steps, you can successfully install a solar panel system for your home, enjoy significant energy savings, and contribute to a more sustainable future.

[p-fufu]

How do I safely charge my Lifepo4 battery?

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries are popular for their high energy density and long cycle life. To ensure the safety and optimal performance of LiFePO4 batteries, it is critical to follow proper charging methods and guidelines.

This paper discusses charging methods, and safety tips for charging LiFePO4 batteries.

LiFePO4 Battery charging methods

In this section, we'll take an in-depth look at the best method of charging LiFePO4 batteries. Whichever charging method you choose, it is critical to confirm compatibility between your chosen charger and your LiFePO4 battery. This will ensure optimal performance, longevity and safety during charging.

Charge with solar energy

Charging LiFePO4 batteries with solar energy is a sustainable and environmentally friendly method. This method utilises a solar charge controller that efficiently manages the energy generated by the solar panels and regulates the charging process to ensure optimal power delivery to the LiFePO4 battery. This application is ideal for off-grid setups, remote locations and environmentally conscious energy solutions.

Charge with AC power source

Charging LiFePO4 batteries with AC power is versatile and reliable. In order to optimise the use of AC power for charging LiFePO4 batteries, a hybrid inverter is recommended. This type of inverter includes, in addition to the integrated solar charge controller, an AC charger that can charge the battery from both the generator and the grid. This approach is suitable for both grid-connected and standby power systems, providing flexible charging options.

Tips for charging LiFePO4 safely

Tips for charging lifepo4 in parallel

Make sure the batteries are of the same brand, type and size.

When connecting LiFePO4 batteries in parallel, please make sure that the voltage of each battery is within 0.1V before connecting them in parallel.

The difference in internal resistance between any two batteries is less than 0.05 Ω. Make sure that all cables and connectors are of the same length and size to ensure that the internal connections have the same resistance.

When charging batteries in parallel, the solar charging current is halved and the maximum charging capacity is doubled. For example, if two 48V 100Ah batteries are connected in parallel, the maximum charging current of each battery is 50 A. In this configuration, the total charging current of the combined battery pack can be up to 100 A. Assuming that the State of Charge (SOC) of the two batteries is the same, the effective charging current of each battery pack will be 50A.

Tips for charging lifepo4 in serie

Before charging in series, please make sure that each battery is of the same type, brand and capacity, otherwise it will lead to an imbalance in voltage between the batteries, resulting in over- or under-charging and affecting the performance and life of the batteries.

When connecting batteries in series, please ensure that the voltage between each battery is within 50mV (0.05V) before connecting them in parallel. This will limit the chances of an imbalance between the cells. If your cells become unbalanced and the voltage of any cell differs by more than 50mV (0.05V) from the voltage of another cell in the group, recharge each cell separately to rebalance.

Whether You Can Charge the Battery Directly with a Solar Panel

It is not desirable to use solar panel to charge the battery, because the output voltage and current of the solar panel will change with the intensity and angle of the sunlight, which may exceed the charging range of the lithium iron phosphate battery, resulting in over-charging or under-charging, which will affect the performance and life of the battery. Therefore, to safely use solar panels to charge lithium iron phosphate batteries, you need to add a charge controller between the solar panel and the battery.

LiFePO4 Temperature Compensation

Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries do not require temperature compensation for voltage when charging at high or low temperatures. All LiFePO4 batteries are equipped with an internal BMS that protects the battery from both low and high temperatures. If the BMS is disconnected due to low temperature, the battery must be warmed up before the BMS can reconnect and receive charging current. If the BMS is disconnected due to high temperatures, the battery will need to cool down before the BMS can accept charge current. Refer to the data sheet for the specific battery for BMS low and high temperature cutoffs and reconnect values.

[electronalytics]

Non-Concentrating Solar Collector Market Share, Growth Forecast Global Industry Outlook 2024 – 2033

The global non-concentrating solar collectors market is anticipated to generate revenues of US$ 13,024.38 million in 2023. Demand for non-concentrating solar collectors is anticipated to expand at a CAGR of 13% and reach US$ 44,212.14 million by 2033.

Introduction to Non-Concentrating Solar Collectors

Non-concentrating solar collectors are devices used to convert sunlight into heat energy without concentrating sunlight onto a small area. These collectors are widely utilized for water heating, space heating, and industrial process heat generation.

Types of Non-Concentrating Solar Collectors

Flat-plate collectors: These are the most common type, consisting of an insulated metal box with a glass or plastic cover, absorber plate, and circulation pipes.

Evacuated tube collectors: These collectors comprise rows of parallel transparent glass tubes containing absorber tubes, which are typically coated with a heat-absorbing material.

Air collectors: These collectors circulate air through a series of ducts or channels, absorbing heat directly from the sun.

Market Trends and Growth Drivers

Rising Environmental Concerns: With increasing awareness about climate change and environmental degradation, there's a growing preference for renewable energy sources like solar power.

Government Initiatives and Incentives: Many governments worldwide offer subsidies, tax credits, and incentives to promote the adoption of solar energy technologies, driving market growth.

Technological Advancements: Continuous advancements in materials, design, and manufacturing processes are enhancing the efficiency and affordability of non-concentrating solar collectors.

Energy Cost Savings: Non-concentrating solar collectors offer significant long-term savings on energy bills, especially in applications like water heating for residential and commercial buildings.

Market Analysis by Region

North America: The United States and Canada have been witnessing significant growth in the adoption of non-concentrating solar collectors, driven by supportive government policies and increasing environmental consciousness.

Europe: Countries like Germany, Spain, and Italy have been at the forefront of solar energy adoption, with favorable feed-in tariffs and net metering schemes driving market growth.

Asia-Pacific: Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and government incentives in countries like China, India, and Japan are fueling the demand for non-concentrating solar collectors in this region.

Middle East and Africa: With abundant sunlight and a growing need for sustainable energy solutions, this region holds immense potential for the non-concentrating solar collector market.

Key Players and Competitive Landscape

SunPower Corporation: A leading global provider of solar solutions, offering a range of non-concentrating solar collectors for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications.

Trina Solar: Known for its high-efficiency solar panels, Trina Solar also manufactures non-concentrating solar collectors suitable for various heating applications.

A.O. Smith Corporation: Primarily known for its water heating systems, A.O. Smith offers solar water heating solutions utilizing non-concentrating solar collectors.

Apricus Solar Co. Ltd.: Specializing in evacuated tube solar collectors, Apricus provides efficient and reliable solutions for both residential and commercial applications.

Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG: This German company offers a wide range of solar thermal products, including flat-plate and evacuated tube collectors, integrated into comprehensive heating systems.

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Market Segmentations:

Global Non-concentrating Solar Collector Market: By Company

GREENoneTEC Solarindustrie GmbH

Soletrol Aquecedores Solares de Água

prosunpro solar

Bosch

Bosch Thermotechnik GmbH

Viessmann

Solahart Industries

Vaillant Group

Dimas

Segment by Absorber Plates Material

Copper

Aluminum Dynamics, LLC

Steel Dynamics, Inc

Global Non-concentrating Solar Collector Market: By Application

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

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Applications of Non-Concentrating Solar Collectors

Residential Water Heating: One of the most common applications, solar water heaters utilizing non-concentrating collectors, provide hot water for households, reducing reliance on conventional energy sources.

Commercial and Industrial Heating: Non-concentrating solar collectors are increasingly being used for space heating, process heat generation, and preheating boiler feedwater in commercial and industrial facilities.

Agricultural Applications: Solar thermal systems with non-concentrating collectors are employed in agricultural settings for crop drying, greenhouse heating, and livestock water heating.

Challenges and Limitations

Intermittent Nature of Solar Energy: Solar energy availability fluctuates with weather conditions and time of day, requiring backup heating systems or energy storage solutions to ensure continuous supply.

High Initial Cost: Despite long-term cost savings, the upfront cost of installing solar thermal systems with non-concentrating collectors can be prohibitive for some consumers, hindering widespread adoption.

Maintenance Requirements: Non-concentrating solar collectors require regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance, including cleaning of glass covers, checking for leaks, and replacing worn-out components.

Future Outlook and Market Projections

Technological Innovations: Ongoing research and development efforts aim to improve the efficiency, durability, and affordability of non-concentrating solar collectors, further driving market growth.

Integration with Energy Storage: The integration of solar thermal systems with energy storage technologies like batteries and thermal storage systems will enhance the reliability and dispatchability of solar energy.

Emerging Markets: Emerging economies in Asia, Africa, and Latin America present untapped opportunities for the non-concentrating solar collector market, driven by rapid urbanization and increasing energy demand.

Conclusion

The non-concentrating solar collector market is witnessing steady growth worldwide, fueled by environmental concerns, government incentives, technological advancements, and increasing energy cost savings. Despite challenges like intermittency and high initial costs, ongoing innovation and favorable market conditions are expected to drive further expansion in the coming years.

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Enphase Micro Inverter

Enphase micro inverters sit underneath each panel in your roof and convert DC power from your panels into 230 volt AC. They then transmit this energy into your home.

MTBF stands for Mean Time Between Failures. This metric describes a product's reliability over its life, as shown by the bathtub curve between infant mortality failures and wear-out failures.

High Efficiency

Enphase microinverter deliver rock-solid reliability with advanced features like integrated rapid shutdown. Because microinverter systems have no single point of failure, if one panel or microinverter experiences a problem, it does not cause a complete loss of power generation.

The seventh-generation IQ 7 microinverter dramatically simplifies the installation process while delivering high system efficiency. Optimized for high-powered 96-cell modules, IQ 7 is part of the IQ Energy System and integrates with the IQ Battery, the IQ Gateway, and the Enphase App.

The eighth-generation IQ8 microinverter series is designed to support 60-, 66-, and 72-cell monofacial and bifacial solar panels. Featuring innovative grid-forming and off-grid capabilities, IQ 8 can prioritize critical loads during a grid outage. It also has a smart bidirectional charger, which allows it to transfer energy back to the grid in off-grid mode. This allows homeowners to get more value out of their solar investments by providing backup power and reducing their reliance on fossil fuels.

Flexibility

Enphase microinverters are modular, scalable, and lightweight. Thanks to improved two-wire cabling, the IQ Series Microinverters are simple to install and can be added to over time as your energy needs change. You can even add solar batteries later without disrupting the existing panel production.

The IQ Microinverter converts DC power from panels to AC power at the panel level, eliminating the need for a central inverter. This reduces wiring costs and improves safety. It also allows you to optimize your roof by separating panels across multiple sections of the roof at different angles and orientations.

The brain of the IQ Microinverter is a semiconductor-based application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that enables it to operate in grid-tied and off-grid modes. The ASIC undergoes more than a million hours of power-on testing and unlocks an industry-leading 25-year warranty for IQ8 Microinverters activated in the United States. This translates to less maintenance for you and your installer.

Monitoring That Puts You Back in Control

Enphase has integrated per-module monitoring into their micro inverter system. This eliminates the need for a separate third party monitoring tool and simplifies installation.

The system's monitoring is accessible through an app or web portal called MyEnlighten. It allows homeowners to maintain an in-depth view of their energy production, consumption and other important solar data.

A key component of the system is the IQ Envoy, which connects each microinverter to the internet and delivers performance data via Wi-Fi or an ethernet cable to a modem. The IQ Envoy also includes a built-in power conditioner to help protect your panels and appliances from damaging voltage surges.

The IQ8 series microinverters feature the industry's first grid-forming functionality and split-phase DC/AC power conversion capability to allow for seamless operation in on-grid and off-grid modes. The brain of the microinverter is a proprietary application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that helps to prioritize power to critical loads during a grid outage.

Long MTBF

The enphase microinverter system we use with our solar systems have a long MTBF. This is a term that describes the number of years it will take for one inverter to fail, and it’s an important factor to consider when choosing a system.

Each microinverter is wired in parallel, so if one fails, it won’t impact the performance of the entire system. They also have a built-in surge protection to protect them against lightning.

Additionally, each Enphase microinverter is subjected to accelerated lifecycle tests that simulate the full service life of the product in a short timeframe. These tests are designed to estimate wear-out and help determine the longevity of a new design.

IQ 7 Series microinverters convert up to 97 percent (CEC efficiency) of the DC power from your solar panels into AC energy for your home. Combined with an IQ battery, the IQ series provides backup power for your critical loads during a grid outage.

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A Step-by-Step Guide to the Installation of Solar Panels

Introduction

As the world increasingly turns towards sustainable energy solutions, installing solar panels has become a popular choice for individuals and businesses seeking to reduce their carbon footprint and lower energy costs. This comprehensive guide provides a step-by-step overview of the installation process for solar panels, offering insights into the planning, equipment, and procedures involved in bringing solar power to homes and businesses.

Site Assessment and Planning

Before diving into the installation process, a thorough site assessment and planning phase is essential. This involves evaluating various factors to determine the feasibility and efficiency of the solar panel system.

a. Solar Potential: Assess the solar potential of the site by analyzing factors such as sunlight exposure, shading from nearby structures or trees, and the available space for solar panel placement. Tools like solar irradiance maps and on-site surveys help quantify the solar energy potential.

b. Roof Assessment: Evaluate the condition, orientation, and tilt of the roof where the solar panels will be installed. A south-facing orientation with minimal shading provides optimal solar exposure. Additionally, assess the roof's structural integrity to ensure it can support the solar panel system.

c. Permitting and Regulations: Check local building codes, zoning regulations, and obtain the necessary permits for solar panel installation. Compliance with regulations ensures a smooth installation process and avoids potential legal issues.

d. Energy Consumption Analysis: Review historical energy consumption data for the property to determine the appropriate size and capacity of the solar panel system. This analysis helps tailor the system to meet the specific energy needs of the location.

System Design and Component Selection

Based on the site assessment, the next step involves designing the solar panel system and selecting the appropriate components.

a. Solar Panel Selection: Choose solar panels that align with the energy needs and available space. Consider factors such as efficiency, durability, and warranties when selecting solar panels.

b. Inverter Selection: Select the appropriate inverter based on the type of solar panels chosen. Inverters convert the direct current (DC) generated by the panels into usable alternating current (AC) for household appliances.

c. Mounting Structure: Determine the type of mounting structure suitable for the roof or ground installation. Common options include roof mounts, ground mounts, and tracking systems that follow the sun's path for maximum efficiency.

d. Battery Storage (Optional): If energy storage is desired, select suitable batteries to store excess energy generated during sunny periods for use during low sunlight or nighttime hours.

Installation Process

Once the planning and design are complete, the physical installation of the solar panel system can commence. It's recommended to hire licensed professionals for this phase to ensure safety and compliance with industry standards.

a. Roof Preparation: Clear the roof of any debris, and, if necessary, make any required repairs. Ensure that the roof surface is clean and structurally sound.

b. Mounting System Installation: Install the mounting structure securely on the roof or ground. The type of mounting system depends on the chosen design and the characteristics of the installation site.

c. Solar Panel Installation: Affix the solar panels to the mounting structure, ensuring they are securely attached and properly aligned. Connect the panels in series or parallel based on the system design.

d. Inverter Installation: Install the inverter in a well-ventilated area, such as the garage or utility room. Connect the inverter to the solar panels, ensuring proper wiring and adherence to electrical codes.

e. Battery Installation (If Applicable): If the system includes energy storage, install the batteries in a designated area. Connect the batteries to the inverter and ensure proper ventilation for safety.

f. Wiring and Electrical Connections: Connect the entire system with the main electrical panel of the property. Carefully follow electrical codes and safety guidelines during this phase.

g. Testing and Commissioning: Conduct thorough tests to ensure that all components are functioning correctly. Test the system under different sunlight conditions to confirm its efficiency. Once testing is successful, commission the system for regular operation.

Monitoring and Maintenance

After installation, regular monitoring and maintenance are crucial for ensuring the optimal performance and longevity of the solar panel system.

a. Monitoring System Performance: Implement a monitoring system to track the energy production of the solar panels. Many modern systems come with online platforms that allow users to monitor their solar energy generation in real-time.

b. Cleaning and Inspection: Periodically clean the solar panels to remove dust, dirt, or any debris that may accumulate. Inspect the system for any signs of wear, loose connections, or damage.

c. Inverter Checks: Regularly check the inverter for proper operation. Some inverters come with built-in monitoring capabilities that alert homeowners to potential issues.

d. Pruning Vegetation (If Applicable): If nearby trees or vegetation grow to shade the solar panels, periodic pruning may be necessary to maintain optimal sunlight exposure.

e. Professional Maintenance: Schedule professional maintenance checks at regular intervals. Certified technicians can conduct a comprehensive inspection, identify any potential issues, and ensure the system's continued efficiency.

Financial Incentives and Documentation

Take advantage of available financial incentives and ensure proper documentation for your solar panel installation.

a. Tax Credits and Incentives: Research and apply for any available tax credits, rebates, or incentives offered by local or federal governments. These incentives can significantly reduce the overall cost of the solar panel system.

b. Documentation: Keep all documentation related to the solar panel installation, including permits, warranties, and equipment specifications. Proper documentation is essential for warranty claims and potential future property transactions.

Conclusion

The installation of solar panels represents a transformative step towards sustainable and renewable energy use. By harnessing the power of the sun, individuals and businesses can reduce their reliance on traditional energy sources, lower utility costs, and contribute to a greener future. Following a careful planning process, selecting high-quality components, and ensuring proper installation and maintenance, solar panel owners can enjoy the benefits of clean and renewable energy for years to come. As technology continues to advance, the widespread adoption of solar power contributes to a more sustainable and environmentally conscious approach to energy consumption.