#threecolumns | Explore Tumblr posts and blogs

lupine-publishers-osmoaj · 5 years ago

Text

Lupine Publishers | Operative Time is an Independent Risk Factor for Complications in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery

Lupine Publishers | Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

Introduction

The prevalence of Adult Spinal Deformity (ASD) is increasing as the demographic of Western societies shift towards a more elderly population [1]. As the spine ages, multiple degenerative changes occur within this complex support structure. Adult spinal deformity is often the result of progressive degenerative changes. A growing financial burden on the healthcare system exists with the rising prevalence of ASD and a commensurate increased rate of surgical treatment for the condition. Surgical treatment for ASD is reserved for patients whose pain and disability have not responded to nonoperative care and often requires extensive reconstruction [2-5]. While numerous studies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of surgical treatment for ASD, these procedures are not without significant risks and cost [6-8].

Reported rates of complications for ASD have ranged from under 10% up to 80% [7,9-11]. These complication rates are significantly higher than rates associated with surgical treatment of non-deformity degenerative conditions. Identifying patient, surgical, and perioperative risk factors are essential for the surgeons and patient to evaluate the risk-benefit ratio of ASD surgery. Previous studies have identified factors such as increasing age, Estimated Blood Loss (EBL), comorbidities, preoperative deformity, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade that are correlated with increase risk of complications with ASD surgery. The duration of surgery has not been well studied as a risk factor for ASD surgery [11-16]. The purpose of this study was to quantify the risk of complications based on the duration of ASD surgery.

Methods

Study Design and Inclusion Criteria

This is a multi-center retrospective review of a prospectively collected database of ASD patients who underwent corrective surgery between 2008-2014. Institutional Review board (IRB) approval was obtained at all 13 participating sites. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years and at least one of the following: major coronal Cobb angle ≥ 20°, sagittal vertical axis ≥ 5cm, pelvic tilt ≥ 25°, and/or lumbar scoliosis ≥ 20°, and minimum 2 year follow-up. Staged surgery as well as patients with spinal deformity resulting from neuromuscular conditions, tumor, or infection were excluded.

Data Collection and Analysis

Demographic information was collected at baseline. Healthrelated quality-of-life outcomes, including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), back and leg pain numerical rating scale, and Scoliosis Research Society Patient Questionnaire (SRS-22r) were collected at all time points (baseline, six weeks, one year, and two years). Patient satisfaction was analyzed using the SRS-22r patient satisfaction domain. Radiographic parameters included sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic tilt (PT), Pelvic Incidence (PI), Lumbar Lordosis (LL), and pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis mismatch (PI-LL). Total levels instrumented, operative time (minutes between incision and closing), length of hospital stay (days), and presence of threecolumn osteotomies were also assessed.

Patient surgical date, complications, reoperation dates, and health-related quality-of-life outcomes were collected. Reoperation was defined as an unplanned return to the operating room resulting from the primary surgical procedure and was related to surgical technique and factors that could impact outcomes. Complication categories included reoperation, major, minor, intraoperative, predischarge, post-discharge, cardiopulmonary, implant, infection, neurologic, operative, radiographic, renal, vascular, and wound related. Intraoperative complications were those recorded in the operating room. Postoperative complications were monitored for two years postoperatively.

Statistical Analysis

Univariate logistic regression tested significant association between operative (OR) time, as a continuous variable and all complication categories. Multivariate logistic regressions were applied to all complication categories that had a significant univariate association with OR time. Covariates available in the database that were assessed included baseline demographic such as age, BMI, past surgical history and Charlson comorbidity score, as well as surgical techniques including 3 column osteotomies, total number of osteotomies, approach (anterior, posterior anterior-posterior), total levels instrumented and institution. Associations between each covariate and complication was tested in a univariate model and if found significant was included in a secondary model with OR time. Covariates were excluded from the final multivariate model if it had a p>0.2 and did not confound the relationship between OR time and complication by more than 20%. Final multivariate analysis controlled for Charlson score, total instrumented levels, and institution. Additional analyses included creating binary variables of OR time by the hour (<3 vs 3≤, <4 vs 4≤, etc), as the variable of interest in further multivariate logistic regression models.

Result

A total of 349 patients met the inclusion criteria. The demographics and surgical parameters of these patients were as follows (Table 1): Mean age of 58 years and mean BMI of 27.2 kg/m2, the mean number of levels instrumented was 11.1 (SD = 4.2, range 1-19), mean total OR time of 392 minutes (SD = 125.7, range 111-802), mean EBL of 1930 mL (SD = 1607, range 50- 12200), and mean length of stay of 7.4 days (SD = 4.2, range 3-49). Mean preoperative radiographic and outcome parameters were as follows Table 1: preoperative back pain VAS 7.1 (SD = 2.3, range 0-10), preoperative leg pain 4.5 (SD = 3.4, range 0-10), preoperative ODI 42.0 (SD = 18.9, range 0-92), max cobb angle 42.2 degrees (SD = 20.8, range 6.3-123.7), PT 23.3 (SD = 11.2, range -8.4-67.8), PI 54.8(SD = 12.9, range 11.9-100), LL 41.0 (SD = 21.6, range 30.7- 88.9), PI-LL 13.7 (SD = 21.5, range -37.5-101.6), and SVA 59.5 mm (SD = 74.1, range -83.7-326.5).

Table 1: Demographics and Surgical Parameters.

Note: BMI = body mass index; OR= operating room; EBL= estimated blood loss; LOS=length of stay; ODI= ; SS= ; PT= ; PI= ; PI-LL= ; LL= ; SVA= ; Δ = .

Mean postoperative radiographic and outcome parameters: postoperative back pain VAS 4.1 (SD = 3.2, range 0-10), postoperative leg pain 3.1 (SD = 3, range 0-10), postoperative ODI 27.3 (SD = 20.6, range 0-92), max cobb angle 22.5 degrees (SD = 15.5, range 0.9- 102.3), PT 22.0 (SD = 10.7, range -6.3-58.5), PI 54.3 (SD = 13.3, range 14.6-92.2), LL 49.8 (SD = 15.0, range 3.4-90.7), PI-LL 4.5 (SD = 16.3, range -29.3-72.4), and SVA 33.0 mm (SD = 55.3, range -97.7- 237.1). A univariate logistic regression tested significant association between operative (OR) time, as a continuous variable, and all complication categories (Table 2). Overall complications (OR = 1.30, p<0.001), reoperation (OR 1.17, p = 0.011), major complications (OR = 1.16, p = 0.014), minor complications (OR = 1.28, p < 0.001), intra-op complications (OR = 1.37, p < 0.001), before discharge complications (OR = 1.14, p = 0.028), after discharge complications (OR = 1.15, p = 0.009), cardiopulmonary complications (OR = 1.21, p = 0.012), infection (OR = 1.31, p = 0.005), operative complications (OR = 1.34, p < 0.001), radiographic complications (OR = 1.20, p = 0.005), and wound complications (OR = 1.39, p = 0.025) were all found to be statistically significant.

Table 2: Univariate logistic regression using or time as a continuous variable

Note: Categories with statistically significant correlation were used as variables for the multivariate regression analysis.

Multivariate logistic regressions were then run using the complication categories found to have statistical significance in the univariate analysis (Table 3). The final multivariate analysis controlled for Charlson score, total instrumented levels, and institution. Of those tested, only major complications and infection were not statistically significant. Additional analyses included creating binary variables of OR time by the hour (<3 vs >3, <4 vs >4, etc) up to 9 hours, as the variable of interest in further multivariate logistic regression models. For surgeries <3 hours, N = 15 compared to N = 334 for surgeries > 3 hours. Before discharge complications were found to be significant (OR = 8.35, p = 0.49). When comparing surgeries <4 hours to > 4 hours, N = 42 and 307 respectively, minor complications, before discharge complications and cardiopulmonary complications were statistically significant (p = 0.046, p = 0.013, and 0.013 respectively). At 5 hours, minor complications and cardiopulmonary complications were significant (p = 0.013 and 0.004 respectively).

Table 3: Multivariate regression analysis.

Note: Categories with statistically significant correlation were used as variables for the multivariate regression analysis.

At 6 hours, overall complications, major complications, minor complications, intraoperative complications, and cardiopulmonary complications were significant (p = 0.031, p = 0.042, p = 0.012, p = 0.045, and p = 0.003 respectively). At 7 hours a substantial increase was seen in the number of categories that were statistically significant (Table 4). When comparing surgeries < 7 hours (N=213) to surgeries > 7 hours (N=136), overall complications, reoperation, major, minor, intraoperative, before discharge, after discharge, cardiopulmonary, operative, and radiographic complications were all statistically significant. When comparing surgeries < 8 hours (N=274) to surgeries > 8 hours (N=75), overall complications, reoperation, minor, intraoperative, cardiopulmonary, infection, operative, and wound complications were all statistically significant (Table 5). Forty surgeries had a duration of greater than 9 hours. When compared to surgeries lasting <9 hours (N = 309), minor complications and intraoperative complications were statistically significant.

Table 4: Comparison of complications at the 7-hour time point

Table 5: Comparison of complications at the 8-hour time point.

Discussion

The potential benefits of surgical treatment for adult spinal deformity are well established and demonstrate improvements in pain, function and self-image [6-8,17,18]. Numerous studies have demonstrated high complication rates associated with this surgical treatment [7,9]. Previous studies have aimed at identifying patient and surgical factors that are associated with increased risk of complications. Daubs et al [12]reported that increasing age was a significant factor in predicting complications in ASD surgery. Multiple studies have evaluated numerous parameters such as estimated blood loss, comorbidities, preoperative deformity, and ASA grade as risk factors for complications [14-16,19]. Previous studies have evaluated OR time as a discrete variable and not as a continuous variable. Our study specifically evaluated OR time as a continuous variable to quantify the risk of complication based on the duration of surgery.

In our multi-center review of 360 ASD patients treated surgically, the overall major complication rate of 27.2% is within the range reported in previous studies [7,9,19-22]. When evaluating OR time as a risk factor, an important factor is OR time’s association with surgical factors such as the number of levels or the need for osteotomies. For instance surgeries requiring 10 levels are likely to have longer duration than those requiring 5 levels. Similarly, three column osteotomies not only add surgical time, but also increase the morbidity of the case. We controlled for both the number of levels and for three column osteotomies in our multivariate analysis. In doing so, we demonstrated a significant relationship between OR time and overall complication rate, major complications, intraoperative complication, radiographic, and wound complications. These complication rates were seen to significantly increase at the length of surgery increased.

We used the OR time and created binary variables at 1hour time increments to assess any critical time after which there was an increase in the complication rates. The time points of 7 and 8 hours appeared significant, as an increasing number of complications were identified compared to other time points. Analysis of surgeries greater than 7 hours revealed 7 complication categories that were significantly greater compared to surgeries lasting less than 7 hours, including overall complication rate (83.1% vs 58.2 %) and reoperation rate (30.1% vs 18.8%). Similarly, the 8 hour time point revealed 9 complication categories that were significantly greater for cases lasting greater than 8 hours and again included overall complication rate (85.3% vs 63.1%) and reoperation (33.3% vs 20.4%). At the 9hour time point no significant findings were identified; however, only 40 patients were available with surgeries lasting greater than 9 hours. Insufficient power at the extremes of OR times (3 and 9 hours) may account for the absence of significant correlations between OR time and complications.

The literature has been inconclusive in regard to the association between patient comorbidities and complications. Schwab et al. [19] reviewed 953 ASD patients and found no association between any of the patient factors and major complications. Similarly, Daubs [12] and others have not found a correlation between comorbidities and complications [7,9,23,24]. However, others including Oldridge [25] have shown that patient factors such as age and comorbidities have direct correlation with complications [12, 26]. Other studies have shown correlation between surgical factors such as EBL, staging, and anterior-posterior combined approach [12,14-16]. Outside the spine literature, Duchman [27] identified that OR time greater than 120 minutes was associated with increased shortterm morbidity and mortality in total joint arthroplasty. In a study evaluating 104,632 vascular and general surgery cases, cases taking >95% of the upper confidence standard time limit had increased rates of complications [28]. Infection rates have also been linked to increased OR time [29,30]. In our study we found a correlation between OR time and both major and minor complication rates, but did not find a correlation with infection.

Many patient factors cannot be changed, however, surgical factors such as OR time can potentially be modified. Identifying the duration of surgery as a modifiable risk factor in such manner can thus allow for implementation of strategies to reduce the duration, as is seen with dual attending surgeon performance of complex ASD surgeries or consideration of a staged surgical approach as reported by Anand et al. [31] and Ames et al. [32]. The primary limitation of this study is the retrospective design. We controlled for number of levels and three column osteotomies since these have direct impact on the length of surgery. The numbers of patients at the extremes of the duration of surgery were small limiting the power of the study to detect any potential associations at these time points. This may be particularly relevant for the cases with longer durations (>9 hours) given the dramatic increase in significant associations between OR time and complications at the 7 and 8 hour time points.

Conclusion

This study identified OR time as an independent risk factor for complications in surgical management of ASD after controlling for number of levels fused and three column osteotomies. Surgeries greater than 6 hours have a substantial increase in the number of significant associations of various complications. Steps to reduce surgical time may have significant effect on reducing complication rates.

To know more about our Orthopedics and Sports Medicine click on https://lupinepublishers.com/orthopedics-sportsmedicine-journal/index.php

To know more about Lupine Publishers click on https://lupinepublishers.us/

To know more about Open access publishers click on Lupine Publishers

#Lupine publishers #Lupine Publishers Group #Lupinepublishers #osmoaj #orthopedics and sports medicine #orthopedic

0 notes

pollitical · 8 years ago

Text

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html {block:ifuseblackandwhitephoto}blackandwhite="on"{/block:ifuseblackandwhitephoto} data-theme-name="ImNotWordy" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="{block:indexpage}ind{/block:indexpage}{block:permalinkpage}per{/block:permalinkpage}" class="pageenabled{block:posts}{block:date}prevent{/block:date}{/block:posts} {select:Layout}ds">

<head>

<title> {Title}{block:PermalinkPage}{block:PostSummary} — {PostSummary}{/block:PostSummary}{/block:PermalinkPage} </title>

<!-- ==========================================================

Im Not Wordy BY THEMECLOSET In Collaboration with ImNotWordy (http://svenlov.com)

==========================================================

THEME NAME : ImNotWordy CURRENT VERSION : 2.0.1 UPDATED DATE : 2016-05-23 AUTHOR : Themecloset THEME URL : http://themecloset.me/themes/Themecloset/ImNotWordy

==========================================================

DO NOT ALTER BODY.CSS

==========================================================

Infinite Scroll + https://github.com/paulirish/infinite-scroll + version 2.0b2.120519 + Copyright 2011/12 Paul Irish & Luke Shumard + Licensed under the MIT license + Documentation: http://infinite-scroll.com/

jQuery Masonry v2.0.110825 & Imagesloaded.js * A dynamic layout plugin for jQuery * The flip-side of CSS Floats * http://masonry.desandro.com * Licensed under the MIT license. * Copyright 2011 David DeSandro

Font Credit : http://fontastic.me / Google fonts * Font Awesome / MIT License + Entypo / Creative License 3.0 + Steadsets / Free for personal and commercial projects + Linetons / Free * 80shades / Free * Justverctor Free Icons / Free + Open sans & Lato by goolge fonts / Free license

Browser Selectr.js * License :http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ * Original Author: Rafael Lima: http://rafael.adm.br * Based on idea by 37signals * http://37signals.com/svn/archives2/browser_selectors_in_css.php

Html shiv.js * Dual licensed under the MIT or GPL Version 2 licenses * https://code.google.com/p/html5shiv/

Css reset * http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/ * v2.0 | 20110126 * License: none (public domain) ========================================================== -->

{block:IfGoogleAnalyticsWebPropertyID} <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', '{text:Google Analytics ID}', 'tumblr.com'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> {/block:IfGoogleAnalyticsWebPropertyID} <script> (function(doc) { var viewport = document.getElementById('viewport'); if ( navigator.userAgent.match(/iPhone/i) || navigator.userAgent.match(/iPod/i)) { doc.getElementById("viewport").setAttribute("content", "width=684"); } else if ( navigator.userAgent.match(/iPad/i) ) { doc.getElementById("viewport").setAttribute("content", "width=1067"); } } (document)); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://static.tumblr.com/cvhjz4y/JWSn5a9bq/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="http://static.tumblr.com/rbkljgb/CZgo7grzq/layingout.js"></script> <link href="http://static.tumblr.com/rbkljgb/Hoco7f1i2/bwa.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <script src="http://static.tumblr.com/16wo1wg/zCZnqh6ur/masonry.js"></script> {block:ifnotdisablepreload} <script src="http://static.tumblr.com/16wo1wg/FG6nqh7ga/jquery.infinitescroll.min.js"></script> {/block:ifnotdisablepreload} {block:ifdisablepreload} <script src="http://static.tumblr.com/glziqhp/dTTlsbw8e/jquery.infinitescroll.min.js"></script> {/block:ifdisablepreload}

::selection { background:{AccentColor} ;} ::-moz-selection { background:{AccentColor} ; } .inner_container{background-color:{block:indexpage}{AccentColor}{/block:indexpage}{block:permalinkpage}{BackgroundColor}{/block:permalinkpage};} .test_based.post .inner_container{background-color:{AccentColor} !important} body{background-color:{BackgroundColor}} .scrollup{cursor:pointer} .reblog_button{position:relative; right:-4px !Important} .like_button{height:14px;width:14px;} h3.title a,.link-post .link-name a, .quote-post .source, .quote-post .source a, .question, .question a, .source.quoty{color:{color:post content color} !important;font-family:open sans;margin-bottom:20px;line-height:19pt;font-weight:600;font-size:12pt !important;text-decoration:underline;}

.post {color:#aeaeae !important;} .text_based.post {color:{color:Post Content Color} !important;background-color:{AccentColor};}

.inner_container{margin-bottom:-3px;{block:permalinkpage}padding:10px;{/block:permalinkpage}} .simwha{line-height:13pt;} body{font-family:arial;font-weight:500;font-size:10pt;line-height:22pt; letter-spacing:0.6pt;word-spacing:1pt; {block:ifnotbackgroundimage}

background-color: {BackgroundColor} {/block:ifnotbackgroundimage} {block:ifbackgroundimage}

background-image:url('{image:background}'); {/block:ifbackgroundimage} }

.scrollup{color:#aeaeae;background-color:{color:Sup Menu Background color};}

.post-padding2, .post-padding2 a {color:#aeaeae !important} a{color:{color:link color};text-decoration:none; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; -o-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;} a:hover{color:{AccentColor}; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; -o-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;}

.post a{{block:ifuselinkborder} text-decoration:underline;{/block:ifuselinkborder} } .link .link-name{margin-top:10px;} .real-question{color:{color:post content color}}

#content{margin-top:70px;} .scrollup{ {block:ifplacesubmenubottom}bottom:90px;{/block:ifplacesubmenubottom}

} .pagination{display:none} .post-disqus{display:none} blockquote{ border-left-color: {AccentColor} !important} .backstretch img:first-child{z-index:9998 !important} .backstretch img:nth-child(2){z-index:9999 !important} .backstretch img:nth-child(3){z-index:10000 !important} .backstretch img{min-width:100%;} .post{padding-bottom:3px !Important} {block:ifresizeheader}.header{height:50% !important}{/block:ifresizeheader} {block:ifusecaption}{block:indexpage}{block:ifusepostborder} {block:ifnotusebiggerposts} .note-count{margin-bottom:-14px;}{/block:ifnotusebiggerposts}{/block:ifusepostborder} {block:ifnotusepostborder} {block:ifnotusebiggerposts} .note-count{margin-bottom:-14px;}{/block:ifnotusebiggerposts}{/block:ifnotusepostborder}

.note-count{margin-bottom:-15px;}{/block:indexpage}

{/block:ifusecaption} {block:permalinkpage} .note-count{margin-bottom:-15px;} {/block:permalinkpage} .chat-post .inner_container, .link-post .inner_container,.quote-post .inner_container{padding-bottom:25px;} .quote{line-height:19pt;margin-bottom:12px}

.pagination{text-align:center;padding-top:50px;padding-bottom:40px;} a.tags_URL{color:{color:link color}} .Answer .answer,.real-qeustion{color:{color:Ask Post Content Color}} .askker{color:{AccentColor}} /**CUSTOM CSS **/ {CustomCSS} /**CUSTOM CSS **/ .hover-container{width:100%;height:100%;;position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px;opacity:0.5;padding-top:0px;background: {AccentColor};padding-top:2px;}

.pagination a{color:{AccentColor};border:3px solid {color:Pagination Next and Pev Color};padding:15px;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;font-weight:600;font-family:arial;} .copyrightcontainer{background-color:{color:Sup Menu Background color};width:100%;letter-spacing:0pt;color:{color:Post Content Color}}.audio_embed iframe, .photoset iframe{margin-bottom:0px;} iframe.photoset{margin-bottom:-0px !important;} {block:permalinkpage} .inner_container{background-color:{color:post background color}} {/block:permalinkpage} img.linkthumb{{block:permalinkpage}width:500px;margin-left:-15px;margin-top:-10px;{/block:permalinkpage}} html{min-height:101%}

{block:ifhidecaption} .note-count-no-caption{margin-top:-30px !important;padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;position:relative;top:-8px;} {/block:ifhidecaption} .note-count-no-caption{margin-top:-30px !important;padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;position:relative;top:-8px;} .note-count-no-caption-no-like{padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;position:relative;top:6px;}

{block:ifusecaption} {block:ifcaptionpartrounded}

.post{border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;}

{block:ifcaptionpartrounded} {/block:ifusecaption}

.datevariable span{background-color:{AccentColor};color:#ffffff;font-weight:600;font-family:lato;padding:15px;padding-top:5px;padding-bottom:5px;margin:8px;letter-spacing:1pt;display:inline-block;font-size:9pt;} .datevariable a{color:#ffffff} .datevariable span:hover{opacity:0.7; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; -o-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;}

.datevariable span{opacity:1; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; -o-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;} .datavariable{text-align:center;} .datecontainer{text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;background-color:{color:post background color}} .note-count, .note-count-no-caption-no-like{font-family:lato !important;letter-spacing:1pt;font-size:8pt;} .freezing{margin-right:7px;font-size:8pt;position:relative;top:-1px;} .fix-it-tag{margin-top:-13px !important;} .note-count{padding-bottom:0px !important; {block:ifnotusebiggerposts}padding:0px !important;{/block:ifnotusebiggerposts}{block:ifnotusecaption}{block:indexpage} margin-bottom:-20px !important; position:relative; top:-10px !important; {/block:indexpage}{/block:ifnotusecaption} } .shareit{text-align:right;margin-top:-27px;} .text_based{position:relative;top:-7px;} .text .text_based, .Answer .text_based{position:relative;top:-10px;padding-top:10px !Important;} .note-count-no-caption, .note-count-no-caption-no-like{padding-left:0px !important;padding-right:0px !important; } .inner_container{opacity:0;position:relative;z-index:99; -webkit-transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out; -o-transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out; } html,body{height:100% !important} .faking{width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px;z-index:2;text-align:center;{block:indexpage}background-color:{AccentColor};{/block:indexpage}} html{width:100%;overflow-x:hidden;} .note-count-no-caption-no-like a{color:#858585} .faking{display:none} #container{{block:indexpage}margin-top:-95px;{/block:indexpage}} .post{margin-right:-1px !important;}

#content .post{margin-right:-0.5px !important} .zzas divabc{border:0px;background-color:{AccentColor};border-radius:50%;} .post{margin:30px !important;margin-bottom:0px !important;{block:permalinkpage}width:500px !important;{/block:permalinkpage}} html{width:100%} #container{{block:indexpage}padding-left:75px !important;{/block:indexpage}background-color:{BackgroundColor};position:relative;z-index:99;min-height:110%; {block:ifbackgroundimage}

background-image:url('{image:background}'); {/block:ifbackgroundimage}} #icons{position:absolute;left:30px;z-index:919;} #icons span{background-color:{AccentColor};padding:10px;width:13px;height:13px;border-radius:50%;display:block;margin-bottom:15px;line-height:13pt;} #icons span:hover, .zzas divabc:hover{background-color:{color:Hover Color}; } #icons span, .zzas divabc, #icons span:hover, .zzas divabc:hover{ -webkit-transition: background-color 0.3s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: background-color 0.3s ease-in-out; -o-transition: background-color 0.3s ease-in-out; transition: background-color 0.3s ease-in-out;} #icons a{color:{color:icons color}} #navicontainer{width:100%;position:fixed;top:0px;left:0px;} #navicontainer{width:100%;padding-top:170px;padding-bottom:140px;background-color:{AccentColor};text-align:center;background-size:cover;background-image:url('{image:Header Background}');} #navicontainer3{width:100%;padding-top:170px;padding-bottom:140px;background-color:{AccentColor};text-align:center;margin-top:-330300px;} #navicontainer3{width:100%;position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px;}#navicontainer2{width:100%;background-color:{AccentColor};text-align:center;}#navicontainer2{width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px;z-index:99999;} #descriptions{font-family:globerbold_free;color:{color:Description color};font-size:{select:Description Font Size};line-height:60pt;margin-top:40px;letter-spacing:2pt;margin:auto;margin-top:25px;max-width:500px;} .titlepart{font-family:globerthin_free;color:{color:title color};font-size:{select:Title Font Size};line-height:{select:Title Font Size};} .titlepart a:hover{color:{color:title color}} {block:indexpage} .post:hover .inner_container{opacity:0.5 !important} {/block:indexpage} .post .simwha{opacity:0;display:inline-block;height:40px;position:absolute;top:50%;margin-top:-20px;margin-left:5px} .hiddencaption , .hiddencaption a{color:#ffffff;text-align:center;margin-top:20px;} .post.text_based{font-style:oblique} .post.text_based .inner_container{display:table;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:70px !important;background-color:{AccentColor};{block:permalinkpage}width:410px !important;{/block:permalinkpage};} .vertical-middle{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;width:100%;background-color:{AccentColor};{block:PermalinkPage}width:420px !important;{/block:PermalinkPage}} .title_before{border-bottom:1px solid {color:post content color};padding-bottom:0px;}

.title_before:before{content:'{title}'} .postedby{position:absolute;width:80%;bottom:30px;left:50%;font-size:9pt;word-break: break-all; white-space: pre-line;margin-left:-40%;} .video iframe, .audio iframe{margin-bottom:-10px !important;}

.quote a {color:{color:post content color};} .underline{text-decoration:underline;display:inline-block;margin-right:-3px;} .answering, .answering a{color:{color:post content color}} .photoset-background{background-color:{BackgroundColor}} .post .simwha2,.simwha2{width:270px !important;} .zzas divabc.pinterest:hover{background-color:#bd081c}

#icons, #navicontainer, #container{ -webkit-transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in-out; -o-transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in-out; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in-out;} .postedby{font-style:normal !important}

#icons{opacity:0; -webkit-transition-delay: 1.5s; /* Safari */ transition-delay: 1s;}

#navicontainer{opacity:0; -webkit-t0.ransition-delay: 0.5s; /* Safari */ transition-delay: 0.5s; }

#container{opacity:0; -webkit-t0.ransition-delay: 1.5s; /* Safari */ transition-delay: 1.5s; } {block:indexpage} .post{overflow:hidden} {/block:indexpage}

.menuanimation{position:relative;z-index:99;top:-40px;-webkit-transition: top 2s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: top 2s ease-in-out; -o-transition: top 2s ease-in-out; transition: top 2s ease-in-out;opacity:0;

transition-delay: 2s; -webkit-transition: opacity 3s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: opacity 3s ease-in-out; -o-transition: opacity 3s ease-in-out; transition: opacity 3s ease-in-out;}

.overlays{width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px;background-color:{AccentColor};opacity:0.4} .question-style{font-weight:600;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal} #quotepost{display:inline-block;} .not_relogged{display:none} {block:permalinkpage} .faking{display:none;opacity:0;} .post, .post.text_based, .vertical-middle{width:440px !important;margin-left:-20px;} .test_based.post .inner_container{width:450px !important;margin-left:40px !important;} {/block:permalinkpage} iframe.photoset{margin-bottom:-10px !important;} #container{height:110% !important} .pagination_nextlink{margin-top:-999999px} figure img { height: auto !important; width: auto !important; max-width:100%; } .post{max-width:650px !Important;} .ThreeColumnsds #container{max-width:2100px} .FourColumnsds #container{max-width:2800px} @media(min-width:2100px){ .ThreeColumnsds #icons{left:50%;margin-left:-1050px;} } @media(max-width:2100px){ .ThreeColumnsds #icons{left:35px;margin-left:0px;}

} @media(min-width:2800px){ .FourColumnsds #icons{left:50%;margin-left:-1400px;} } @media(max-width:2800px){ .FourColumnsds #icons{left:35px;margin-left:0px;}

} {block:permalinkpage} .hiddencaption a, .caption a{border-bottom:1px dotted #aeaeae;color:{AccentColor}} .note-count a{color:#646464;border-bottom:0px dotted #646464}{/block:permalinkpage}

@media all and (max-device-width: 640px) { .post{width:500px !important} } </style>

<div id="navicontainer"> <div class="overlays"></div> <div class="menuanimation"> <div class="titlepart"><a href="/"> {block:ifnotlogoimage}{title} {/block:ifnotlogoimage} {block:iflogoimage} <img src="{image:logo}">{/block:iflogoimage} </a></div> <div id="descriptions">{description}<span style="opacity:0">.</span></div></div> </div>

<div id="navicontainer3"> <div class="menuanimation"> <div class="titlepart"> {block:ifnotlogoimage}{title} {/block:ifnotlogoimage} {block:iflogoimage} <img src="{image:logo}">{/block:iflogoimage} </div> <div id="descriptions">{description}<span style="opacity:0">.</span></div></div> </div>

</script>

{block:indexpage}

<div id="icons"> {block:ifpersonalsiteurl} <a href="{text:personal site url}" target="_blank"> <span data-icon="d"> </span> </a> {/block:ifpersonalsiteurl} {block:iffacebookurl} <a href="{text:facebook url}" target="_blank"> <span data-icon="a"> </span> </a> {/block:iffacebookurl} {block:iftwitterurl} <a href="{text:twitter url}" target="_blank"> <span data-icon="g"> </span> </a> {/block:iftwitterurl} {block:ifpinteresturl} <a href="{text:pinterest url}" target="_blank"> <span data-icon="f"> </span> </a> {/block:ifpinteresturl} {block:ifinstagramUsername} <a href="http://instagram.com/{text:instagram Username}"> <span data-icon="m"> </span> </a> {/block:ifinstagramUsername} {block:ifshopurl} <a href="{text:shop url}" target="_blank"> <span data-icon="e"> </span> </a> {/block:ifshopurl}

{block:ifdribbleurl}<a href="{text:dribble url}" target="_blank"> <span data-icon="y"></span></a>{/block:ifdribbleurl}

{block:iflinkedinurl}<a href="{text:linkedin url}" target="_blank"> <span data-icon="w"></span></a>{/block:iflinkedinurl}

{block:ifBeHanceurl}<a href="{text:BeHance url}" target="_blank"> <span data-icon="z"></span></a>{/block:ifBeHanceurl}

{block:ifMediumurl}<a href="{text:Medium url}" target="_blank"> <span data-icon="x"></span></a>{/block:ifMediumurl}

{block:ifsoundcloudurl} <a href="{text:soundcloud url}" target="_blank"> <span data-icon="r"> </span> </a> {/block:ifsoundcloudurl}

{block:ifappleappurl} <a href="{text:apple app url}" target="_blank"> <span data-icon=""> </span> </a> {/block:ifappleappurl} {block:ifandroidappurl} <a href="{text:android app url}" target="_blank"> <span data-icon=""> </span> </a> {/block:ifandroidappurl}

{block:ifgoogleplusurl} <a href="{text:google plus url}" target="_blank"> <span data-icon=""> </span> </a> {/block:ifgoogleplusurl}

{block:ifvimeourl} <a href="{text:vimeo url}" target="_blank"> <span data-icon=""> </span> </a> {/block:ifvimeourl}

{block:ifyoutubeurl} <a href="{text:youtube url}" target="_blank"> <span data-icon=""> </span> </a> {/block:ifyoutubeurl}

{block:ifYelpurl} <a href="{text:Yelp url}" target="_blank"> <span data-icon=""> </span> </a> {/block:ifYelpurl}

{block:ifusearchivebutton} <a href="/archive" target="_blank"> <span data-icon="i"> </span> </a> {/block:ifusearchivebutton}

{block:AskEnabled} <a class='iframe' id="ask_form" href="http://www.tumblr.com/ask_form/{name}.tumblr.com"> <span data-icon="l"> </span> </a> {/block:AskEnabled} </div>

{/block:indexpage}

{text:SCM Player Code}

</head>

<div id="boki" style="margin-top:-24px;"> <div id="container"> <div style="margin-top:-80px;"></div> <div id="content" class="{select:Layout}"> {block:Posts} <div class="post infscr {block:chat}text_based chat-post{/block:chat} {block:quote}text_based quote-post{/block:quote} {block:text}text_based text-post{/block:text} {block:photoset}caption-post{/block:photoset} {block:audio}caption-post{/block:audio} {block:photo}caption-post{/block:photo} {block:video}caption-post{/block:video} {block:link}text_based link-post{/block:link} {block:Answer}text_based text-post{/block:Answer}" id="{postID}" style="top:-9999px"> {block:indexpage} <div class="faking" > </div>

<div> <divabc><div class="positioning"> {likebutton color="white" size="11"}</div></divabc> <divabc onclick="window.open('{ReblogURL}');" style="cursor:pointer"><div style="margin-top:-1px;"><span data-icon="A"></span></div></divabc> <divabc onclick="window.open('{permalink}');" style="cursor:pointer"><div class="positioning" data-icon="c"></div></divabc>{block:photo} <divabc onclick="window.open('http://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url={permalink}&media={photourl-500}&description=Found on {URL}');" style="cursor:pointer" class="pinterest"><div class="positioning" data-icon="j"></div>

</divabc>{/block:photo}

</div> </div>

</div> </div> {/block:indexpage}

{block:Text} <div class="vertical-middle"> <li class="text"> {block:Title} <h3 class="title"><a href="{Permalink}" target="_blank">{Title}</a></h3> {/block:Title} <div class="text-body">{Body}</div>

</li></div> {/block:Text}

{block:Answer} <div class="vertical-middle answering"> <div class="question-style"><a href="{permalink}">Q : {question}</a></div> <div style="margin-top:7px;"> {Answer}</div>

<span class="postedby"> Question by <div class="underline">{Asker}</div> </div> {/block:Answer}

{block:Photo} <div style="display:none"><center> <div id="inline_{postID}" class="lightbox"> <div style="background-image:url('{PhotoURL-500}');width:{PhotoWidth-500};height:{PhotoHeight-500};background-size:100% 100%;{block:ifnotbiggerposts}width:{PhotoWidth-250};height:{PhotoHeight-250};{/block:ifnotbiggerposts}" class="imagebuilder"><img src="{PhotoURL-500}" class="small" ></div>

<div class="hiddencaption"> <span>{NoteCount} {lang:Notes}</span> <span style="display:inline;">{caption}</span> </div> </div></center></div>

</div> </a>

{block:indexpage} {/block:indexpage} {block:permalinkpage}

<div class="caption"><div class="caption_inner">{Caption} {block:ifnothidetags}{block:HasTags}<div class="fix-it-tag"><br>{block:tags}<a href="{TagURL}" class="tags_URL"># <span class="freezing">{tag}</span></a> {/block:tags}</div>{/block:HasTags}{/block:ifnothidetags}  <div class="note-count"><a href="{permalink}" target="_blank">{Month} {DayOfMonth}{block:NoteCount} – {notecount} {lang:Notes} {/block:NoteCount}</a> <div class="shareit"><span>{likebutton size="14"}</span> <span>{Reblogbutton size="14"}</span>

</div> </div>

</div></div>

{/block:permalinkpage}

</li> {/block:Photo}{block:Panorama} <li> {LinkOpenTag} <img src="{PhotoURL-Panorama}" alt="{PhotoAlt}"/> {LinkCloseTag} <div class="caption"><div class="caption_inner">{block:ifnothidecaption}{block:ifnothidecaption}{Caption}{/block:ifnothidecaption}{/block:ifnothidecaption}</div></div>

</li> {/block:Panorama}{block:Photoset} <li>

<div class="photosets" id="photosets">{block:indexpage} <div class="photoset-background"> {photoset}</div> {/block:indexpage}{block:permalinkpage}{Photoset}{/block:permalinkpage}</div> {block:permalinkpage}

<div class="caption"><div class="caption_inner">{Caption}

{block:ifnothidetags}{block:HasTags}<div class="fix-it-tag"><br>{block:tags}<a href="{TagURL}" class="tags_URL"># <span class="freezing">{tag}</span></a> {/block:tags}</div>{/block:HasTags}{/block:ifnothidetags}  <div class="note-count"><a href="{permalink}" target="_blank">{Month} {DayOfMonth}{block:NoteCount} – {notecount} {lang:Notes} {/block:NoteCount}</a> <div class="shareit"><span>{likebutton size="14"}</span> <span>{Reblogbutton size="14"}</span>

</div> </div>

</div></div>

{/block:permalinkpage}

</li> {/block:Photoset}{block:Quote} <div class="vertical-middle"> <div style="margin-left:-10px;"><li>

<li class="source quoty">"{Quote}"</li>

{block:Source} <div class="quote postedby" id="quotepost" style="margin-left:-42%"><span class="underline">{Source}<span style="font-style:"></span></span>quoted</div> {/block:Source}

</li></div> </div> {/block:Quote}{block:Link} <div class="vertical-middle"> <li class="link"> <div class="link-name"> <a href="{URL}" class="link" {Target}>{Name}</a></div>

{block:Description} <div class="description">{Description}</div> {/block:Description}

</li></div> {/block:Link}{block:Chat} <div class="vertical-middle"> <li class="chat"> {block:Title} <h3><a href="{Permalink}" target="_blank">{Title}</a></h3> {/block:Title}

<ul class="chat"> {block:Lines} <li class="{Alt} user_{UserNumber}"> {block:Label} <span class="label">{Label}</span> {/block:Label}{Line} </li> {/block:Lines} </ul>

<div class="postedby"> Posted by <span class="underline">{block:RebloggedFrom}{ReblogRootName}{/block:RebloggedFrom} <span class="{block:RebloggedFrom}not_relogged{/block:RebloggedFrom} title_before"></span></div> </li></div> {/block:Chat}{block:Video} <li class="video"> <div class="video_inner"> <div class="video2"> {block:indexpage}{video-500} {/block:indexpage}

{block:permalinkpage}{Video-500}{/block:permalinkpage}</div></div>

{block:permalinkpage}

<div class="caption"><div class="caption_inner">{Caption}

</div> </div>

</div></div>

{/block:permalinkpage} </li> {/block:Video}{block:Audio} <li class="audio"> <div class="audio_embed"> {block:indexpage} {AudioEmbed-500} {/block:indexpage} {block:permalinkpage}{AudioEmbed-500}{/block:permalinkpage} </div> {block:permalinkpage}

<div class="caption"><div class="caption_inner">{Caption}

</div> </div>

</div></div>

{/block:permalinkpage}

</li> {/block:Audio}</div>

</div>

{/block:Posts} {block:permalinkpage}

{block:PostNotes} <div class="post"><div class="inner_container" style="padding:10px;"> <div class="postnotes">

{block:Posts}

<div class="post-padding"><div class="post-padding2">{PostNotes-16}</div></div> {/block:Posts} </div></div></div> {/block:PostNotes} {block:IfDisqusShortname}

<div class="post post-disqus" style="color:#000000 !important;"><div class="inner_container" style="padding:20px;padding-left:30px;padding-right:30px;"> <div > <div id="disqus_thread"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> /* * * CONFIGURATION VARIABLES: EDIT BEFORE PASTING INTO YOUR WEBPAGE * * */ var disqus_shortname = '{text:Disqus Shortname}'; // Required - Replace <example> with your forum shortname

/* * * DON'T EDIT BELOW THIS LINE * * */ (function() { var dsq = document.createElement('script'); dsq.type = 'text/javascript'; dsq.async = true; dsq.src = '//' + disqus_shortname + '.disqus.com/embed.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(dsq); })(); </script></div></div></div> {/block:IfDisqusShortname} {/block:permalinkpage}

</div></div></div> <div id="pagination"> <li>{block:Pagination}{block:PreviousPage}<a href="{PreviousPage}"></a>{/block:PreviousPage}{block:NextPage}<a href="{NextPage}" class="pagination_nextlink"></a>{/block:NextPage}{/block:Pagination}</li> </div> {block:ifusepagination}

<div class="pagination"> {block:Pagination}{block:PreviousPage} <a href="{PreviousPage}" class="prev">{lang:Previous}</a> {/block:PreviousPage}{block:NextPage} <a href="{NextPage}" class="next">{lang:Next}</a> {/block:NextPage}{/block:Pagination}</div> {/block:ifusepagination} {block:ifplacecopyrightnotice} <div class="copyrightcontainer"><div class="copyrightcontent">{block:ifCopyrightPart}{text:Copyright Part}{/block:ifCopyrightPart}{block:ifnotCopyrightPart}Copyright © {CopyrightYears} {title}{/block:ifnotCopyrightPart}</div></div> {/block:ifplacecopyrightnotice} </body>

</html>

#just ignore this

0 notes