#ths sims 4 render

[ace-sher-bi-john]

Johnlock Wedding Headcanons:

Double proposal!

John and Sherlock both separately purchase rings. The proposal isn't a complete secret on either end though, as Sherlock deduced that John had bought one and John found out one evening when out for drinks with Mike Stamford

John would tell Mike all about how he thinks it's time. He's bought a ring. Mike would then absent-mindedly say "You're the second person to say that to me today"

They both wait patiently for the other to propose, wanting to see what he has in mind for a special proposal. But because they're both being polite and waiting, it takes months after they've both bought the rings for it to finally happen

Eventually John gets impatient and decides to just propose to him

One day, in the middle of a case that isn't too serious or time sensitive, John sets his plan into motion

In the lab of Barts Hospital, John stands in the exact spot he stood over a decade ago and waits. When Sherlock is done at the microscope, he walks over to John. His work is done for now and it's time to go home. But John isn't going anywhere

John attempts to give a smooth transition into the proposal, but words fail him. So instead, he gets down on one knee, pulls out the velvet box, and asks the question that he's been dying to ask for about six months now, "Sherlock Holmes, will you marry me?"

Sherlock is almost rendered speechless as he blinks at the love of his life, stunned. But he quickly recovers and remembers his part of the plan. He clears his throat, attempts to blink away the moisture forming in his eyes, "That depends, John," he pulls out his velvet box and bends down on one knee, "Will you marry me?"

John finds moisture creeping it's way into his eyes as well, a strange lump forms in his throat as he chokes out "Yes" to which Sherlock responds with his own "Yes"

They then slip the rings onto each others' fingers and fall into an embrace, followed by a deep, passionate kiss. By this point, Sherlock is crying. He doesn't see a point to hiding it. He just lets it happen. They pull away for one second to share an elated giggle, before pressing their lips together again

Molly is of course the first person they tell, as she walks in during their kiss. They are both bursting to share the great news with anyone and everyone, so they both blurt it out in almost perfect unison within seconds of her entering the room

They decide to take the rest of the day off, so that the second Rosie gets home from school, they can tell her. She is of course ecstatic when they tell her and starts planning an imaginary wedding for them on the spot

When they tell Mrs. Hudson her response is "It's about bloody time"

The date for the wedding is January 29th, 2023 in honor of the day they first met

The Pinterest-esque signs that have the date the couple met, the date they proposed and the date of the wedding, will be there. But inspired by Indefinite Lines by @arwamachine, the number of days they've been in love will also be included

For Example: 29/1/2010 - The First Day, 30/1/2010 - The Day We Fell In Love, 11/6/2021 - The Day We Said "Yes", 29/1/2023 - The Day We Said "I Do", 4,748 Days In Total

Rosie would be the Flower Pal (Shout out to Sims 4 and your adorable gender neutral for flower girl which I am so going to use from now on!)

Archie would be the ring bearer again, because let's face it. There's no way that John and Sherlock know any other children to fill in the role. Archie would be about 15 now, but he'd agree to do it because Sherlock. Because he's still waiting for the headless nun picture he was promised

Sherlock does keep his promise and shows him the picture during the rehearsal. It was well worth the almost nine year wait

Archie and Rosie become friends and have a lot of fun being the only children at the wedding. All the shenanigans they get up to...

Lestrade is Sherlock's best man and Mike is John's best man, although they spare Mike from having to do a speech

Lestrade tells the story of how the duo fell in love during his best man speech, as he was a witness to their relationship from the start

Sherlock sits Mycroft and Lestrade together during the reception because he ships Mystrade so hard and they haven't made any efforts to meet on their own. So he introduces them to one another and the slow burn begins...

Although they don't want to admit that they have a crush on each other, they do agree to dance as there's no one else for them to dance with. The magic begins during their dance

Also bonus Mystrade headcanon I want to sneak in. Mycroft proposes to Greg on Christmas day the next year. This is significant because Christmas day, 2010 was the day that Greg found out his wife was cheating on him. Now that day will be remembered as the day Mycroft proposed rather than being tainted by his ex

At the wedding, there is a seat reserved for Mrs. Hudson with a sign that says "We know you'd be here if Heaven wasn't so far away"

I don't want to bring down the mood of the post, but since Una Stubbs died in real life on August 12th, 2021, I made that Mrs. Hudson's in universe death date as well. As sad as this is, she was 84 years old and damn she lived a long life

So in universe she lives long enough to see the dynamic duo become engaged. She lives long enough to see her ship sail

RIP Una Stubbs

I'm definitely stealing this from someone, then again most of these headcanons I'm technically stealing

John goes first with the vows. Sherlock's vision becomes blurry halfway through

Sherlock struggles to get through his part of the vows as he attempts to talk around the sudden emotion building in his throat

Sherlock's wedding vows will include the line "I was so alone and I owe you so much" which gets the tears to come out of hiding as John is reminded of that time, when he'd thought he'd lost Sherlock forever

Sherlock holds John's hand, to ground him and remind him that he hasn't lost him. He's still here

To offset the emotion a little with some humor, another headcanon I'm stealing is that the officiant says Sherlock's full name when they ask him if he takes John as his lawfully wedded husband, because in all of his meticulous wedding planning, Sherlock forgot to tell the officiant not to say his full name

"Do you William Sherlock Scott Holmes, take John Hamish Watson..."

it throws the duo off for a second, but there's no point in fretting over it. The wedding must go on

When it's time to kiss, they are both fully crying. Tears of healing and bliss as they finally reach the moment they've been planning for years. The point that at many points throughout their lives they never thought they'd ever get to see

Sherlock would go out of his way to remove as many of the heteronormative and amatonormative traditions as possible

Even though he's in a romantic relationship, going as far as to get married, he's still greyromantic and can't stand all of the silly traditions

They both take Watson-Holmes as their last name

[l-1-z-a]

The Sims 2 Dev Twitter Thread Part 1 by Jake Simpson

Sims 2 Dev Thread.

I'm going to do several of these, all will be prefaced by this title, so those of you interested can find them easily.

I'm just putting stories and details in haphazardly, as I recall them, so don't expect these to be too organized:)

So firstly, who am I, and how come I can talk about this? Well, I'm Jake. I was hired by EA in Nov '01, right after 9/11. That actually impacted my ability to go to interviews at EA in SF at the time. But I was determined to get the job, and so I persevered.

Previous to this, I worked at Raven, on titles like Soldier of Fortune, Star Trek : Elite Force and Jedi Knight II. Before that I was at Midway, making Arcade games like NBA Jam, Revolution X and WWF Wrestlemania.

I was actually hired by my friend Jonathan Knight @jk00 - who was a producer on Sims 2 (and also a bunch of the Sims 1 expansion packs) - to work on Sim City 4, but before I ever started, the job was switched across to Sims 2, which I was extremely happy about.

I was the lead simulation and tools engineer for Sims 2, and was with it from about 3 months from inception to shipping, two and bit years later. When I arrived, there were about 10 people on the project. When we shipped, there was about 250 FTE's and contractors working on it.

I worked for the lead engineer, one David Gregory @dgregryc who was and is a terrific engineer, manager and tech director, who has gone on to great things since EA and remains a good friend to this day.

I also ended up EA's first release engineer for Sims 2, and at one point had about 20 object engineers reporting to me, who actually built all the objects for Sims 2.

So yeah, I can talk about development since I was there for pretty much all of it, deep in the inner circle of people making stuff.

So, where to start telling stories?

Sims2 was built on top of Sims1, unlike Sims3, which was a complete re-write from scratch (undoubtedly the right decision, since we inherited a bunch of tech debt from Sims1, and Sims3 could never have done what they did sitting on our code.)

As a result, we inherited the Sims1 tools for building worlds and those had to be rebuilt completely, since the plans for Sims2 were so much bigger than Sims1. Will Wrights tagline for Sims2 was "A more bitchin' human simulator'.

Now, I'm not going to reference Will too much in these stories because while Will is considered The Father of The Sims, he wasn't actually around that much. Will is very much 'been there, done that', and while he was available for consultation, he was already off in Spore Land.

I asked him a few times for advice when I was changing his base algorithms - and he's so smart that when I proposed things that wouldn't work, he could ask just one question for me to see where it would fall dow. Truly an incredibly smart dude.

But other than that, he was very hands off of his baby. He watched from afar but wasn't in many meetings, unless I made a point of pushing him to come because I was changing root functionality of the simulator.

We knew we wanted to make Sims 2 basically Sims 1, but with everything turned up to 11, particularly the rendering. We actually had two pHD coders in that area. We had specialist coders for the animation system, and another for path planning.

We had a huge production team and we actually tried 10-15 new game features in Sims2 that actually worked, but ultimately got cut for either UI reasons or because they just weren't fun, just tedious time sucks.

For example, we had a memory mechanism, where one sim who witnessed something first hand could actually communicate memories to another Sim. So if Sim A saw you pee yourself, Sim A could tell Sim B about it, and Sim B would react to you as though he'd seen it.

The problem was, Sim B would start laughing at you the moment he saw you, but you'd have no clue why - there was no easy UI way (without words) to tell the player why that sim knew something they'd never seen. So that idea got scrapped. We had lots of blind alleys like that.

Incidentally, The Sims as a franchise tries never to use words in UI, in order that there is little to no localization requirements for the game itself. In fact, that's where Simlish - the made up language for the Sims - came from.

Funnily enough, the number one bug report The Sims gets from non English speaking lands is that "I can't set the Sims language from English to my language". People who can't speak English think the Sims are speaking English!

We had about 8 people we used to generate that language, the same people used on Sims 1. They would literally sit in a booth and watch the animations the sims would do for interactions and then generate sounds to go with it.

Note, there is NO linguistic background for Simlish. All those websites that claim there is are absolutely wrong. It was entirely made up, of gibberish sounds, that was made up on the spot by the voice actors.

We were constantly amazed at people who felt they could see patterns where there were none. We'd pass round links to websites where people claimed to have 'worked out the language'. I guess you'll see what you really want to see...

The house construction tools for Sims 2 were rebuilt from scratch and at about half way through production, they were considered finished and then a lot of the Assistant Producers would spend days playing with them.

EA use to have small competitions to make the most amazing house on a lot using these tools, just to really test them and the rendering, so that not only could they be built, but they would also render at a decent frame rate.

Some of what they built were truly amazing, and I'm really sad none of these shipped. I remember one incredible castle structure one of the guys built, with torches and flickering lights everywhere. It was truly stunning.

Originally Sims 2 was supposed to ship with 5 neighborhoods. About halfway through production we began to realize that constructing a neighborhood took on the order of 2-3 weeks, and we were constantly having to dump what we'd built and start again, due to file format changes.

So this was pared down to 1 neighborhood, until I realised that all the design was being done in Excel, in a spreadsheet, and the painstakingly copied across, value by value, into dialogs in the tools in Sims 2.

I ended up building a Spread Sheet importer into the Sims 2 tools, and boom, three weeks work done in one key press. This is what enabled Sims 2 to ship with the three neighborhoods it did. At that point, we were limited by physical house construction time, which still took days.

The objects for Sims 2 (and Sims 1) are built by a new kind of content creator - Object Engineers. They would work meetings to work out what a new object would be, get some concept art, work out what Sim animations would be required, what sim requirements they would fufil etc.

Then they'd gather the art generated (3d models, with various states of completeness and brokenness) and also the animations the sims would require, plus sounds, and then they'd go away and write the scripts required for the Sims to be able to use this new object.

The scripting system was called SimAntics (there was some tortuous acronym for this, which I've quite forgotten, thankfully) and it was built into a tool that was built into the engine itself, so we could write and change scripts as the game was running.

We had about 20 object engineers on Sims 2, all producing content flat out. At one point, we worked out that given how much Sims 1 had earned to date, each object that an object engineer created was worth about $500k to EA. They took, on average, about 2 weeks to make.

Talk about a return on investment!

I built all the tools these guys used and the simulation stuff behind what the scripts did and how they interacted with the main game.

So because we'd had the experience of making Sims 1, and seeing all the expansion packs they'd made, we were in a much better position to build in stuff we knew we'd not use till those expansion packs came along.

For example, all the pet stuff was actually built and coded before the initial launch of Sims 2. We had pets in there, to test it, just we didn't build any. When the expansion came along, it was mostly just content creation (scripts, animations, models), not engine code.

Similarly, lots of the infrastructure for Open For Business was also there, ready to be used, when the expansion pack came along. That's not to say there weren't code changes, just the infrastructure to handle this stuff already existed.

There were LOTS of conversations internally about what we should ship with, feature wise, so we could leave ourselves space to make expansion packs down the line, because these were So Profitable for EA. The problem was, we were Sims 2, so more would be expected than in Sims 1.

But... we couldn't just load the game with all the expansion pack stuff from Sims 1 on launch. We couldn't have made all that content anyway, but still, it was a hard line to maneuver.

One thing that not many people know is that The Sims 1 was doing game analytics way before Analytics was A Thing. When you upload a lot to the web site, to share with others, you are actually uploading a bunch more data than you think.

Inside the house upload is also a bunch of information about your playing habits in The Sims. None of this information is identifiable to individual players - EA was way ahead of the curve in terms of player privacy - it was just data that indicated how people were playing.

Will was fascinated by this data. Real live big game playing data. He used to write lots of database queries to work out player trends and so on. This is actually where Spore came from; the idea that something you do, on your machine, can affect how others are playing their game.

The idea that you playing your single player game could affect someone else playing their single player game, by changing their environment in response to what you did in yours was like catnip to Will.

Anyway, Will identified four distinct player types for The Sims. The Maximizer, the Social Player, the Sadist and the Builder.

The Maximizer was someone who wanted to max out the Sims potentials. Top Job Track, best social interactions, biggest house, most money, etc.

The Social player wanted to explore the social interactions - see what The Sim would do in different contrived social situations. Lots of people saw a lot more in those interactions than there actually was code to drive!

The Sadist just wanted to find new ways to cause the Sim pain or kill them. Taking the exits away in a pool etc. On Sims 2, we added a bunch of random ways to kill a sim for this kind of player. E.g.

The builder was more interested in the house builder aspects of the game, often trying to build their own house, or their dream house inside the sims, using it more as an architectural tool than anything.

Incidentally, that's where The Sims came from initially. The original game Will set out to make was called DollHouse, and it was on a Mac. You had the house construction facilities, and the sims existed purely to come into the house and judge your efforts.

There was some rudimentary Sim controls, but it soon became clear that it was more fun to control the sims than to just build, and that's when it moved to the PC and became a 'real' product.

Worth also pointing out that Sims 1 had been in development for about a year at Maxis when EA bought them, and the number one thing that EA tried to do, several times, was cancel The Sims, because they had no clue what the game really was, or who the audience would be.

Anyway, back to the player tropes. What was interesting was that the 4 player types were split fairly evenly across all players, and even more interesting was that of the 4 types, they were split evenly between male and female players.

So, most sadists and maximizers were male and the social and builders were female. A fairly terrible indictment of the way the world is today, but also not terribly surprising.

Right, so lunch is over, and I'm going to get back to work now. I'll add to this thread periodically when I think of new stuff to say.

Oh wait! Before I go, one more story that is just too fun not to repeat.

During Sims 1 development, after EA had purchased Maxis, they really did NOT like the 'bathroom' need inside the Sims, where they had to hit the toilet.

They felt it was pretty revolting when the Sims failed to meet the need, and they wanted it OUT. Will, however, pushed back. "No", he'd say, "You can't have a human simulator without it." But EA was relentless on putting on the pressure on Will to pull it out.

Eventually, one Friday, Will buckled to the pressure, and said, last thing in the afternoon, "OK, I'll take it out."

Now, at this point, the bathroom system was in place and Will had populated the data values with stuff 'pulled out of his ass' (see what I did there?:) )

So, how many times a Sim would need the bathroom, how long they'd spend on it, etc, all of these values were just eyeballed by Will.

That weekend, there was a big article in the color supplement of the New York Times, talking about a bathroom Time and Motion study.

It turns out that the NYT article had all the details on the average visit, how many times a day, etc. And it also turned out that Will was ABSOLUTELY SPOT ON WITH ALL HIS BULLSHIT DATA. He was right on the money.

So that Monday morning, he went into work, faxed a copy of this article to EA, with an extra page on the end with the words "BATHROOM NEEDS STAY!" scrawled on it, sent that off, and EA never ever said another word about the Bathroom needs in The Sims:)

The End.

I was just thinking about both path finding and also how The Sims works, and thought I'd share some of those reminisces.

One situation that occurred with pathfinding is, do we let the Sims try and route to an object that they can't actually get to?

We actually planned out the entire route once a Sim decided to go use an object, so we could know "No, there are obstacles in the way, you can't get there", but we'd still let the Sims try, because otherwise they just looked precognitive.

Another problem we had was the Sims determining what next action to do. They knew their requirements and what objects are offering interactions that fulfill those needs. The issue was that if they took the best interaction, you ended up with the worlds greatest screen saver.

In the end, we basically randomized which interaction they would do, out of the top best 10 interactions they might possibly do. The function to do this was pretty intensive, and took a LOT of CPU time. We usually saw spikes when this function was run.

Oh, and one other thing that should be addressed. One of the surprising-initially things about the Sims 1 and Sims 2 team was that it was about 50% female. Now this, particularly at that time, was a Big Deal.

I very much attribute a lot of The Sims whimsy and fun to this fact.

The women who drove a lot of production and design carry most of the responsibility for how great The Sims, both 1 and 2, turned out.

More teams need more women on them, leading them, etc, because the proof of the pudding is in the eating, and The Sims is proof of that.

So the pee color story is absolutely true. We actually put in yellow as the color for the pee puddle and it was just SO gross, so our exec producer, Tim LeTourneau (one of nicest people alive), held a meeting where we sat and debated colors and how much gross we were OK with.

Just got home, had a cup of tea, and thought I might add to this.

So another feature we tried, that while it kinda made it to the final game, wasn't as we imagined it, was interruptable/add to interactions.

So with Sims 1, when you started an interaction, that's what the sim did, and that was that. With Sims 2, we added a queue, so you could queue up interactions. That was one of the first things I did.

Then we wanted interactions to be interruptable, so the Sim might start, oh, sitting in the hottub with friends. But then you could instruct them to go get drinks for friends, so they'd get out, go get drinks, serve them to the friends, then resume sitting in the hottub.

We actually got this working, but the problem was indicating to the player what was going on at any given time. The sim might be making dinner right now, but, what was his main interaction? How do we indicate that?

And was an interrupted interaction interruptable itself? If you were sitting the hottub, then going to make drinks, then some one rings the doorbell, are we still, in the original interaction? It all got very complicated very quickly.

One of the object engineers, using this system while it was still in place, built an incredible job simulation system. While the Sim was at work, in the "at Work" interaction, other sub tasks would show up in the task list on the side of the screen.

You'd have to respond to these sub tasks - e.g. "Got get paper", "Write a report" or "Arrest perps" or whatever was appropriate for the sims job. You didn't have to, but if you didn't respond to the individual prompts in time, the sims job performance would go down.

It was REALLY clever and really used the new system well, but because it was just so open ended and we couldn't work out how to limit it correctly, it got pared down dramatically in the final product.

The first object we built- and the one that was used as a test bed for almost everything new the simulator could do -was the hottub. It had multiple sims interacting with each other, it could offer interruptable interactions, it had everything we needed for test of all systems.

Right at the end of the project, I added a bug into the bug database that "When Sims are making Whoope (Sim Sex, basically), there was no 'invite' interaction". This was a joke - I was making a bug out of the fact that the Sims couldn't have threesomes.

This bug went all the way up the chain to the executive producer, Lucy Bradshaw, who marked it "Will not fix", with the comment "Not enough time for animations" :)

Maxis didn't say no to threesomes, just, they didn't have time to make the animations and scripts:)

Source:

https://twitter.com/JustJakeSimpson/status/1375520115920236544

[maxismatchccworld]

Sims 4 Patch Notes

UPDATE: 4/16/2019 – PC 1.51.75.1020 / Mac 1.51.75.1220

Happy April, Simmers. Nice to meet you! Maxis hired me as a freelance writer to work on these game update notes. (Side note — if you find a problem, blame SimGuru Graham — he’s my editor.) In all honesty, it’s a pretty sweet gig. I got to see the new Expansion Pack, Game Pack, and Stuff Pack that the team is working on, and did you know that they bring in bagels on Fridays? But hey, enough about me. Being a freelancer, I’ll be gone again before you know it.

Anyway, funny coincidence; there’s actually a brand-new Freelancer career arriving in this update that’s free for all players. I was playing around with it earlier, and go figure… my Sim self earns more money as a freelance writer than I do! Geez; guess I’ll have to live out my fantasies of getting rich through The Sims again. Looking beyond the new, free features though, I’ve got to say… those SimGurus really knocked it out of the park with this one. Just look at all those lovely fixes to many of the top discussed community issues!

Well, let’s get to it, shall we? Here’s everything you’ll find in this April update. Have fun!

Yours truly,

Sue D. Nym

Freelance Writer Extraordinaire

NEW CONTENT

Freelancer Career

Freelancer is a brand-new type of career. Sims can choose to be a Freelance Artist, Programmer, or Writer, and will work through an agency that will connect them with a variety of gigs. Unlike other careers, there’s no defined work schedule to worry yourself over. Need some extra Simoleons? Smash through a few gigs in a single day and get paid! Need some time off? No problem – plenty of gigs will be waiting for you when you’re ready to get back to work. Your office is wherever you want it to be. Perhaps a quiet corner in the local library, or maybe you’d prefer a home office decked out in the new set of office furniture? You’re your own boss, so the choice is yours! Completion of gigs across the different agencies will lead to a variety of rewards, and ever-increasing pay. Really, it’s the best Sims career Maxis has ever made. [Sue, please… remove this. No editorializing. – SimGuruGraham]

New Objects

This free set of home office furniture and decor is ideal for your burgeoning Freelancer Sims!

Bookcase: Edgier LadderCase

Desk: Anglette Desk

Desk Chair: The Professional

End Table: A Cute Anglette

Decor: Not So Simple Pen Holder

Decor: Hand Reference Model

Decor: Robo, The Friendly Circuitry Kit

Decor: The Note Book

Laptop: FreeRoam Portable Computing Device

Wall Decor: Better As A Pair Of Paintings

Wall Decor: Supreme Freelancer Award

New Clothing

Freelancers tend to want comfy, but professional outfits. We’ve got them covered with the following new pieces of clothing.

Women

Men

A cable knit cardigan outfit

A sweater and skirt outfit

A layered sweater

A pair of flats

A collared sweater

A button up shirt

A crewneck sweater

A pair of drawstring pants

Moschino

In collaboration with Moschino, your Sims can now enjoy an item from the Moschino X The Sims Capsule Collection. The new Freezer Bunny hoodie can be found in the Create a Sim catalog.

Immaculate White Shelf

I could have buried this down in the Fixes & Updates section, but… it’s kind of a big deal. There’s now a plain white version of “The Immaculate” shelf available in Buy Mode!

[Note to self: Sue seemed super excited about this. It sure seems like something we should do more of… – SimGuruGraham]

FIXES & UPDATES

The Sims 4

Sims will travel to the correct venue when invited out to an event by a NPC Sim.

Fixed an issue where the UI would occasionally indicate that a Sim was at work, when they were actually at home, which would block access to the Sim’s inventory.

Sims will no longer receive random phone calls from other Sims between the hours of 8pm and 10am, allowing them to enjoy a full – and speedy – night’s sleep.

Fixed an issue where multiple music tracks could end up looping and playing simultaneously.

Expecting parents will once again be able to “Take Family Leave” via their phone to take time off from work.

Fixed an issue where a Sim who had cheated with another Sim romantically, were then unable to successfully propose to that Sim and get married.

Fixed an issue where Sims in the eSport Gamer branch of the Tech Guru career were not earning money when programming video games.

The Pick Up Serving Together interaction will no longer cause one of the Sims involved to fail to route to the food.

Fixed an issue where interactions on the Digitalistic Sketchpad object would disappear if a Sim’s actions were canceled while they were picking up the Digitalistic Sketchpad.

Updated the Digitalistic Sketchpad object so that creating paintings on it will satisfy Aspiration goals and work tasks that involve painting.

Fixed an issue with the Lin-Z Smart Speaker, where the interaction to hire a Gardener would remain unselectable, even when the home had a garden that needed tending.

Sims will now look at the Lin-Z Smart Speaker when speaking to it.

The “Pre-Owned Painter’s Easel”, that’s unlocked via the Painter career, will now provide an Inspirational emotional aura, instead of a Focused emotional aura.

Fixed an issue where staircases were not rendering properly while held by a mouse cursor.

Updated positioning of overlapping Search & Reset buttons in a player’s catalog within the Gallery.

Adjusted icons of Lunar New Year recipes to better display what food you’re looking at within an inventory.

The children’s Yin & Yang Necklace will no longer clip into their neck when wearing a shirt that’s tucked in.

The “CleanRoom” wall pattern, which was previously missing a name for its 5th color variant, has now had that specific color variant named “Like Sand”.

Added the ability to click through different pack art on the main menu for any of the packs you currently have installed.

A new content alert icon has been added to individual careers within the Select a Career panel, to help players find new careers that have been added to their game.

Note: If a save file created prior to this update contains a Sim that’s already in this bad state, simply traveling to another lot with that Sim will permanently fix this issue.

As far as I’m aware, this is the only instance in the game where a color variant has been given a unique name. Huh… neat!

Mac

Fixed an issue for Mac users with Intel integrated graphics, where the mouse cursor would not move properly after adjusting the shape of a Sim’s body in Create a Sim.

Removed an outdated file that was causing a false error message to appear for 64-bit Mac users that said, “The Sims 4” is not optimized for your Mac and needs to be updated.”

Get To Work

Scientists will once again wear an appropriate outfit when going to work even if StrangerVille is not installed.

The “Chemical Analyzer” object can now be purchased from Build Mode without having to use a cheat.

Fixed an issue where selecting the Randomize from Gallery option until receiving an alien Sim, and then further randomizing that specific Sim, could result in a naked alien Sim.

Made updates to the list of valid objects that can be selected as the outcome of the SimRay’s “Transform Object” interaction.

City Living

Fixed an issue where objects from multiple festivals were appearing on top of each other in the neighborhood simultaneously.

Apartment landlords will now leave the apartment immediately after addressing a tenant’s complaint.

Added the ability for Sims with the Vegetarian trait to hire a Vegetarian Caterer by clicking on Stoves or Refrigerators.

Vegetarian Sims will no longer enjoy eating Mud Carp.

Cats & Dogs

After installing this update, Sims who adopt an animal after befriending them will be able to become companions with them and lecture them for misbehavior.

Fixed an issue where hungry pets would not eat from food bowls autonomously.

The pet toy box will no longer have its position rotated in a random direction when a Sim returns home from an active career.

Fixed an issue where the “Litter-Matic Scoop-Free” litterbox wasn’t looking clean after cat poop had been removed.

Fixed an issue with the Pet Adoption Agency, where they would occasionally show up at a Sim’s home without any pets to adopt, and would simply stand at the home’s front door and not do anything.

Note: Sims who have already adopted an animal after befriending them, in a save file created prior to this update, will continue to experience this issue. We’re investigating a separate fix for this issue in existing save files.

We’ve placed the magic gnomes responsible for this in the naughty box alongside SimGuruNinja.

Seasons

Updated the Gardening career so that Sims will earn more than 10 Simoleons per completed work shift.

Fixed an issue where on days where no holiday was set to occur, a Sim’s work schedule would update to falsely indicate that the day was a Holiday just prior to going to work, causing the Sim to stay home for the day.

Fixed an issue where NPC Sims were not autonomously using the skating rinks that appear in certain neighborhoods.

Toddlers will no longer attempt to queue up behavior to “Run Inside” during bad weather conditions if they’re already inside.

Fixed an issue where Sims voices could not be heard when Singing Together around a Holiday Tree if City Living was not installed.

Get Famous

The Acting career task to “Get Into Hair and Makeup” can be successfully completed once again.

Fixed an issue where celebrity Sims who had been set to use their normal walkstyle were switching back to using the celebrity walkstyle after traveling to certain types of venues.

Three star celebrity Sims will no longer use the celebrity walkstyle.

Dine Out

Players who have City Living installed can now add the Siopao and Ensaymada dishes to their restaurant’s menu. Yum!

Vampires

Vampire Sims created after installing this update will be able to continue to gain points after reaching the rank of Grand Master.

Fixed some circumstances where Vampire NPCs could appear at a venue and prevent the player from being able to save the game.

Fixed an issue where NPC Vampires would have their Vampire Energy drained after completing a load, which was causing them to idle in place instead of performing their expected autonomous behavior.

Note: Vampires that already exist will continue to experience a problem with gaining points after reaching Grand Master. We’re investigating a separate fix for Vampires in existing save files.

StrangerVille

Fixed an issue where Sims that had been shared to the Gallery after completing Act 1 of the StrangerVille Mystery would be blocked from progressing in the mystery when downloaded from the Gallery into a new game.

The following environment objects, which were created for StrangerVille, have been added to the Build Mode debug catalog to allow placement on lots. Players must enter the bb.showhiddenobjects cheat before they can be seen in the catalog.

Added proper images to the Officer and Covert Operator branches of the Military career.

Removed the “Question about Spores in Lab” interaction for Sims who have already acquired the Modified Hazmat Suit.

Removed the “Heart of the Pack” styled look from Create a Sim, as it was authored using clothing that’s only available to Sims that have joined the Military career.

Updated the pack information panel on the main menu to not display world objects under the Build Mode Items.

10 different cacti

3 different Joshua trees

3 different RVs

2 clusters of rocks

2 junked cars

A group of desert flowers

A military truck

A tire

A parking stop

My First Pet Stuff

Fixed an issue where deleting/selling the rodent habitat could cause the game to become unresponsive.

Holiday Celebration Pack

The Crown Roast platter will now show a partially eaten state when half of its servings have been taken.

I’d like to adjust the wording here, as this issue was not specific to stray pets and there may be confusion. The bug was happening if you became Friends with the pet before using the Adopt interaction. You HAVE to become Friends for Adopt to become available on a stray, but some users were encountering this by petting their computer-adopted pet a bunch of times before hitting Adopt.

[thesims4blogger]

The Sims 4: New Game Patch (April 16th, 2019)

There’s a new Sims 4 PC update available via Origin!

Remove all MODS and Custom Content before updating your game!

UPDATE: 4/16/2019 – PC 1.51.75.1020 / Mac 1.51.75.1220

Happy April, Simmers. Nice to meet you! Maxis hired me as a freelance writer to work on these game update notes. (Side note — if you find a problem, blame SimGuruGraham — he’s my editor.) In all honesty, it’s a pretty sweet gig. I got to see the new Expansion Pack, Game Pack, and Stuff Pack that the team is working on, and did you know that they bring in bagels on Fridays? But hey, enough about me. Being a freelancer, I’ll be gone again before you know it.

Anyway, funny coincidence; there’s actually a brand-new Freelancer career arriving in this update that’s free for all players. I was playing around with it earlier, and go figure… my Sim self earns more money as a freelance writer than I do! Geez; guess I’ll have to live out my fantasies of getting rich through The Sims again. Looking beyond the new, free features though, I’ve got to say… those SimGurus really knocked it out of the park with this one. Just look at all those lovely fixes to many of the top discussed community issues!

Well, let’s get to it, shall we? Here’s everything you’ll find in this April update. Have fun!

Yours truly, Sue D. Nym Freelance Writer Extraordinaire

NEW CONTENT

Freelancer Career

Freelancer is a brand-new type of career. Sims can choose to be a Freelance Artist, Programmer, or Writer, and will work through an agency that will connect them with a variety of gigs. Unlike other careers, there’s no defined work schedule to worry yourself over. Need some extra Simoleons? Smash through a few gigs in a single day and get paid! Need some time off? No problem – plenty of gigs will be waiting for you when you’re ready to get back to work. Your office is wherever you want it to be. Perhaps a quiet corner in the local library, or maybe you’d prefer a home office decked out in the new set of office furniture? You’re your own boss, so the choice is yours! Completion of gigs across the different agencies will lead to a variety of rewards, and ever-increasing pay. Really, it’s the best Sims career Maxis has ever made. [Sue, please… remove this. No editorializing. – SimGuruGraham]

New Objects

This free set of home office furniture and decor is ideal for your burgeoning Freelancer Sims!

Bookcase: Edgier LadderCase

Desk: Anglette Desk

Desk Chair: The Professional

End Table: A Cute Anglette

Decor: Not So Simple Pen Holder

Decor: Hand Reference Model

Decor: Robo, The Friendly Circuitry Kit

Decor: The Note Book

Laptop: FreeRoam Portable Computing Device

Wall Decor: Better As A Pair Of Paintings

Wall Decor: Supreme Freelancer Award

New Clothing

Freelancers tend to want comfy, but professional outfits. We’ve got them covered with the following new pieces of clothing.

Women

Men

A cable knit cardigan outfit

A sweater and skirt outfit

A layered sweater

A pair of flats

A collared sweater

A button up shirt

A crewneck sweater

A pair of drawstring pants

Moschino

In collaboration with Moschino, your Sims can now enjoy an item from the Moschino X The Sims Capsule Collection. The new Freezer Bunny hoodie can be found in the Create a Sim catalog.

Immaculate White Shelf

I could have buried this down in the Fixes & Updates section, but… it’s kind of a big deal. There’s now a plain white version of “The Immaculate” shelf available in Buy Mode!

[Note to self: Sue seemed super excited about this. It sure seems like something we should do more of… – SimGuruGraham]

FIXES & UPDATES

The Sims 4

Sims will travel to the correct venue when invited out to an event by a NPC Sim.

Fixed an issue where the UI would occasionally indicate that a Sim was at work, when they were actually at home, which would block access to the Sim’s inventory.

Sims will no longer receive random phone calls from other Sims between the hours of 8pm and 10am, allowing them to enjoy a full – and speedy – night’s sleep.

Fixed an issue where multiple music tracks could end up looping and playing simultaneously.

Expecting parents will once again be able to “Take Family Leave” via their phone to take time off from work.

Fixed an issue where a Sim who had cheated with another Sim romantically, were then unable to successfully propose to that Sim and get married.

Fixed an issue where Sims in the eSport Gamer branch of the Tech Guru career were not earning money when programming video games.

The Pick Up Serving Together interaction will no longer cause one of the Sims involved to fail to route to the food.

Fixed an issue where interactions on the Digitalistic Sketchpad object would disappear if a Sim’s actions were canceled while they were picking up the Digitalistic Sketchpad.

Updated the Digitalistic Sketchpad object so that creating paintings on it will satisfy Aspiration goals and work tasks that involve painting.

Fixed an issue with the Lin-Z Smart Speaker, where the interaction to hire a Gardener would remain unselectable, even when the home had a garden that needed tending.

Sims will now look at the Lin-Z Smart Speaker when speaking to it.

The “Pre-Owned Painter’s Easel”, that’s unlocked via the Painter career, will now provide an Inspirational emotional aura, instead of a Focused emotional aura.

Fixed an issue where staircases were not rendering properly while held by a mouse cursor.

Updated positioning of overlapping Search & Reset buttons in a player’s catalog within the Gallery.

Adjusted icons of Lunar New Year recipes to better display what food you’re looking at within an inventory.

The children’s Yin & Yang Necklace will no longer clip into their neck when wearing a shirt that’s tucked in.

The “CleanRoom” wall pattern, which was previously missing a name for its 5th color variant, has now had that specific color variant named “Like Sand”.

Added the ability to click through different pack art on the main menu for any of the packs you currently have installed.

A new content alert icon has been added to individual careers within the Select a Career panel, to help players find new careers that have been added to their game.

Note: If a save file created prior to this update contains a Sim that’s already in this bad state, simply traveling to another lot with that Sim will permanently fix this issue.

As far as I’m aware, this is the only instance in the game where a color variant has been given a unique name. Huh… neat!

Mac

Fixed an issue for Mac users with Intel integrated graphics, where the mouse cursor would not move properly after adjusting the shape of a Sim’s body in Create a Sim.

Removed an outdated file that was causing a false error message to appear for 64-bit Mac users that said, “The Sims 4” is not optimized for your Mac and needs to be updated.”

Get To Work

Scientists will once again wear an appropriate outfit when going to work even if StrangerVille is not installed.

The “Chemical Analyzer” object can now be purchased from Build Mode without having to use a cheat.

Fixed an issue where selecting the Randomize from Gallery option until receiving an alien Sim, and then further randomizing that specific Sim, could result in a naked alien Sim.

Made updates to the list of valid objects that can be selected as the outcome of the SimRay’s “Transform Object” interaction.

City Living

Fixed an issue where objects from multiple festivals were appearing on top of each other in the neighborhood simultaneously.

Apartment landlords will now leave the apartment immediately after addressing a tenant’s complaint.

Added the ability for Sims with the Vegetarian trait to hire a Vegetarian Caterer by clicking on Stoves or Refrigerators.

Vegetarian Sims will no longer enjoy eating Mud Carp.

Cats & Dogs

After installing this update, Sims who adopt an animal after befriending them will be able to become companions with them and lecture them for misbehavior.

Fixed an issue where hungry pets would not eat from food bowls autonomously.

The pet toy box will no longer have its position rotated in a random direction when a Sim returns home from an active career.

Fixed an issue where the “Litter-Matic Scoop-Free” litterbox wasn’t looking clean after cat poop had been removed.

Fixed an issue with the Pet Adoption Agency, where they would occasionally show up at a Sim’s home without any pets to adopt, and would simply stand at the home’s front door and not do anything.

Note: Sims who have already adopted an animal after befriending them, in a save file created prior to this update, will continue to experience this issue. We’re investigating a separate fix for this issue in existing save files.

We’ve placed the magic gnomes responsible for this in the naughty box alongside SimGuruNinja.

Seasons

Updated the Gardening career so that Sims will earn more than 10 Simoleons per completed work shift.

Fixed an issue where on days where no holiday was set to occur, a Sim’s work schedule would update to falsely indicate that the day was a Holiday just prior to going to work, causing the Sim to stay home for the day.

Fixed an issue where NPC Sims were not autonomously using the skating rinks that appear in certain neighborhoods.

Toddlers will no longer attempt to queue up behavior to “Run Inside” during bad weather conditions if they’re already inside.

Fixed an issue where Sims voices could not be heard when Singing Together around a Holiday Tree if City Living was not installed.

Get Famous

The Acting career task to “Get Into Hair and Makeup” can be successfully completed once again.

Fixed an issue where celebrity Sims who had been set to use their normal walkstyle were switching back to using the celebrity walkstyle after traveling to certain types of venues.

Three star celebrity Sims will no longer use the celebrity walkstyle.

Dine Out

Players who have City Living installed can now add the Siopao and Ensaymada dishes to their restaurant’s menu. Yum!

Vampires

Vampire Sims created after installing this update will be able to continue to gain points after reaching the rank of Grand Master.

Fixed some circumstances where Vampire NPCs could appear at a venue and prevent the player from being able to save the game.

Fixed an issue where NPC Vampires would have their Vampire Energy drained after completing a load, which was causing them to idle in place instead of performing their expected autonomous behavior.

Note: Vampires that already exist will continue to experience a problem with gaining points after reaching Grand Master. We’re investigating a separate fix for Vampires in existing save files.

StrangerVille

Fixed an issue where Sims that had been shared to the Gallery after completing Act 1 of the StrangerVille Mystery would be blocked from progressing in the mystery when downloaded from the Gallery into a new game.

The following environment objects, which were created for StrangerVille, have been added to the Build Mode debug catalog to allow placement on lots. Players must enter the bb.showhiddenobjects cheat before they can be seen in the catalog.

Added proper images to the Officer and Covert Operator branches of the Military career.

Removed the “Question about Spores in Lab” interaction for Sims who have already acquired the Modified Hazmat Suit.

Removed the “Heart of the Pack” styled look from Create a Sim, as it was authored using clothing that’s only available to Sims that have joined the Military career.

Updated the pack information panel on the main menu to not display world objects under the Build Mode Items.

10 different cacti

3 different Joshua trees

3 different RVs

2 clusters of rocks

2 junked cars

A group of desert flowers

A military truck

A tire

A parking stop

My First Pet Stuff

Fixed an issue where deleting/selling the rodent habitat could cause the game to become unresponsive.

Holiday Celebration Pack

The Crown Roast platter will now show a partially eaten state when half of its servings have been taken.

[pamphletstoinspire]

Book Of Genesis - From The Latin Vulgate - Chapter 15

INTRODUCTION.

The Hebrews now entitle all the Five Books of Moses, from the initial words, which originally were written like one continued word or verse; but the Sept. have preferred to give the titles the most memorable occurrences of each work. On this occasion, the Creation of all things out of nothing, strikes us with peculiar force. We find a refutation of all the heathenish mythology, and of the world’s eternity, which Aristotle endeavoured to establish. We behold the short reign of innocence, and the origin of sin and misery, the dispersion of nations, and the providence of God watching over his chosen people, till the death of Joseph, about the year 2369 (Usher) 2399 (Sal. and Tirin) B.C. 1631. We shall witness the same care in the other Books of Scripture, and adore his wisdom and goodness in preserving to himself faithful witnesses, and a true Holy Catholic Church, in all ages, even when the greatest corruption seemed to overspread the land. H.

—————————-

This Book is so called from its treating of the Generation, that is, of the Creation and the beginning of the world. The Hebrews call it Bereshith, from the word with which it begins. It contains not only the History of the Creation of the World, but also an account of its progress during the space of 2369 years, that is, until the death of Joseph.

The additional Notes in this Edition of the New Testament will be marked with the letter A. Such as are taken from various Interpreters and Commentators, will be marked as in the Old Testament. B. Bristow, C. Calmet, Ch. Challoner, D. Du Hamel, E. Estius, J. Jansenius, M. Menochius, Po. Polus, P. Pastorini, T. Tirinus, V. Bible de Vence, W. Worthington, Wi. Witham. — The names of other authors, who may be occasionally consulted, will be given at full length.

Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY

This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock’s notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock’s Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:

Greek letters. The original text sometimes includes Greek expressions spelled out in Greek letters. In this transcription, those expressions have been transliterated from Greek letters to English letters, put in italics, and underlined. The following substitution scheme has been used: A for Alpha; B for Beta; G for Gamma; D for Delta; E for Epsilon; Z for Zeta; E for Eta; Th for Theta; I for Iota; K for Kappa; L for Lamda; M for Mu; N for Nu; X for Xi; O for Omicron; P for Pi; R for Rho; S for Sigma; T for Tau; U for Upsilon; Ph for Phi; Ch for Chi; Ps for Psi; O for Omega. For example, where the name, Jesus, is spelled out in the original text in Greek letters, Iota-eta-sigma-omicron-upsilon-sigma, it is transliterated in this transcription as, Iesous. Greek diacritical marks have not been represented in this transcription.

Footnotes. The original text indicates footnotes with special characters, including the astrisk (*) and printers’ marks, such as the dagger mark, the double dagger mark, the section mark, the parallels mark, and the paragraph mark. In this transcription all these special characters have been replaced by numbers in square brackets, such as [1], [2], [3], etc.

Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.

Other special characters.

Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as .

Ligatures, single characters containing two letters united, in the original text in some Latin expressions have been represented in this transcription as separate letters. The ligature formed by uniting A and E is represented as Ae, that of a and e as ae, that of O and E as Oe, and that of o and e as oe.

Monetary sums in the original text represented with a preceding British pound sterling symbol (a stylized L, transected by a short horizontal line) are represented in this transcription with a following pound symbol, l.

The half symbol (½) and three-quarters symbol (¾) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.

Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber’s copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].

Chapter 15

God promiseth seed to Abram. His faith, sacrifice and vision.

[1] Now when these things were done, the word of the Lord came to Abram by a vision, saying: Fear not, Abram, I am thy protector, and thy reward exceeding great. His itaque transactis, factus est sermo Domini ad Abram per visionem dicens : Noli timere, Abram : ego protector tuus sum, et merces tua magna nimis.

[2] And Abram said: Lord God, what wilt thou give me? I shall go without children: and the son of the steward of my house is this Damascus Eliezer. Dixitque Abram : Domine Deus, quid dabis mihi? ego vadam absque liberis, et filius procuratoris domus meae iste Damascus Eliezer.

[3] And Abram added: But to me thou hast not given seed: and lo my servant, born in my house, shall be my heir. Addiditque Abram : Mihi autem non dedisti semen, et ecce vernaculus meus, haeres meus erit.

[4] And immediately the word of the Lord came to him, saying: He shall not be thy heir: but he that shall come out of thy bowels, him shalt thou have for thy heir. Statimque sermo Domini factus est ad eum, dicens : Non erit hic haeres tuus, sed qui egredietur de utero tuo, ipsum habebis haeredem.

[5] And he brought him forth abroad, and said to him: Look up to heaven and number the stars, if thou canst. And he said to him: So shall thy seed be. Eduxitque eum foras, et ait illi : Suscipe caelum, et numera stellas, si potes. Et dixit ei : Sic erit semen tuum.

[6] Abram believed God, and it was reputed to him unto justice. Credidit Abram Deo, et reputatum est illi ad justitiam.

[7] And he said to him: I am the Lord who brought thee out from Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land, and that thou mightest possess it. Dixitque ad eum : Ego Dominus qui eduxi te de Ur Chaldaeorum ut darem tibi terram istam, et possideres eam.

[8] But he said: Lord God, whereby may I know that I shall possess it? At ille ait : Domine Deus, unde scire possum quod possessurus sim eam?

[9] And the Lord answered, and said: Take me a cow of three years old, and a she goat of three years, and a ram of three years, a turtle also, and a pigeon. Et respondens Dominus : Sume, inquit, mihi vaccam trienem, et capram trimam, et arietem annorum trium, turturem quoque et columbam.

[10] And he took all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid the two pieces of each one against the other; but the birds he divided not. Qui tollens universa haec, divisit ea per medium, et utrasque partes contra se altrinsecus posuit; aves autem non divisit.

[11] And the fowls came down upon the carcasses, and Abram drove them away. Descenderuntque volucres super cadavera, et abigebat eas Abram.

[12] And when the sun was setting, a deep sleep fell upon Abram, and a great and darksome horror seized upon him. Cumque sol occumberet, sopor irruit super Abram, et horror magnus et tenebrosus invasit eum.

[13] And it was said unto him: Know thou beforehand that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land not their own, and they shall bring them under bondage, and afflict them four hundred years. Dictumque est ad eum : Scito praenoscens quod peregrinum futurum sit semen tuum in terra non sua, et subjicient eos servituti, et affligent quadringentis annis.

[14] But I will judge the nation which they shall serve, and after this they shall come out with great substance. Verumtamen gentem, cui servituri sunt, ego judicabo : et post haec egredientur cum magna substantia.

[15] And thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace, and be buried in a good old age. Tu autem ibis ad patres tuos in pace, sepultus in senectute bona.

[16] But in the fourth generation they shall return hither: for as yet the iniquities of the Amorrhites are not at the full until this present time. Generatione autem quarta revertentur huc : necdum enim completae sunt iniquitates Amorrhaeorum usque ad praesens tempus.

[17] And when the sun was set, there arose a dark mist, and there appeared a smoking furnace and a lamp of fire passing between those divisions. Cum ergo occubuisset sol, facta est caligo tenebrosa, et apparuit clibanus fumans, et lampas ignis transiens inter divisiones illas.

[18] That day God made a covenant with Abram, saying: To thy seed will I give this land, from the river of Egypt even to the great river Euphrates. In illo die pepigit Dominus foedus cum Abram, dicens : Semini tuo dabo terram hanc a fluvio Aegypti usque ad fluvium magnum Euphraten,

[19] The Cineans and Cenezites, the Cedmonites, Cinaeos, et Cenezaeos, Cedmonaeos,

[20] And the Hethites, and the Pherezites, the Raphaim also, et Hethaeos, et Pherezaeos, Raphaim quoque,

[21] And the Amorrhites, and the Chanaanites, and the Gergesites, and the Jebusites. et Amorrhaeos, et Chananaeos, et Gergesaeos, et Jebusaeos.

Commentary:

Ver. 1. Fear not. He might naturally be under some apprehensions, lest the four kings should attempt to be revenged upon him. --- Reward, since thou hast so generously despised earthly riches. H. --- Abram was not asleep, but saw a vision of exterior objects. v. 5.

Ver. 2. I shall go. To what purpose should I heap up riches, since I have no son to inherit them? Abram knew that God had promised him a numerous posterity; but he was not apprized how this was to be verified, and whether he was to adopt some other for his son and heir. Therefore, he asks modestly, how he out to understand the promise. --- And the son, &c. Heb. is differently rendered, "and the steward of my house, this Eliezer of Damascus." We know not whether Eliezer or Damascus be the proper name. The Sept. have "the son of Mesech, my handmaid, this Eliezer of Damascus." Most people suppose, that Damascus was the son of Eliezer, the steward. The sentence is left unfinished, and must be supplied from the following verse, shall be my heir. The son of the steward, filius procurationis, may mean the steward himself, as the son of perdition denotes the person lost. C.

Ver. 6. Reputed by God, who cannot judge wrong; so that Abram increased in justice by this act of faith, believing that his wife, now advanced in years, would have a child; from whom others should spring, more numerous than the stars of heaven. H. --- This faith was accompanied and followed by many other acts of virtue. S. Jam. ii. 22. W.

Ver. 8. Whereby, &c. Thus the blessed Virgin asked, how shall this be done? Lu. i. 34. without the smallest degree of unbelief. Abram wished to know, by what signs he should be declared the lawful owner of the land. H.

Ver. 9. Three years, when these animals have obtained a perfect age.

Ver. 12. A deep sleep, or ecstasy, like that of Adam. G. ii. 21, wherein God revealed to him the oppression of his posterity in Egypt, which filled him with such horror (M.) as we experience when something frightful comes upon us suddenly in the dark. This darkness represents the dismal situation of Joseph, confined in a dungeon; and of the Hebrews condemned to hard labour, in making bricks, and obliged to hide their male children, for fear of their being discovered, and slain. Before these unhappy days commenced, the posterity of Abram were exposed to great oppression among the Chanaanites, nor could they in any sense be said to possess the land of promise, for above 400 years after this prophetic sleep. H.

Ver. 13. Strangers, and under bondage, &c. This prediction may be dated from the persecution of Isaac by Ismael, A. 2112, till the Jews left Egypt, 2513. In Exodus xii. and S. Paul, 430 years are mentioned; but they probably began when Abram went first into Egypt, 2084. Nicholas Abram and Tournemine say, the Hebrews remained in Egypt full 430 years. from the captivity of Joseph; and reject the addition of the Sept. which adds, "they and their fathers dwelt in Egypt, and in Chanaan." On these points, we may expect to find chronologists at variance.

Ver. 14. Judge and punish the Egyptians, overwhelming them in the Red sea, &c. H.

Ver. 16. Fourth, &c. after the 400 years are finished; during which period of time, God was pleased to bear with those wicked nations; whose iniquity chiefly consisted in idolatry, oppression of the poor and strangers, forbidden marriages of kindred, and abominable lusts. Levit. xviii. Deut. vi. and xii. M.

Ver. 17. A lamp, or symbol of the Divinity, passing, as Abram also did, between the divided beasts, to ratify the covenant. See Jer. xxxiv. 18.

Ver. 18. Of Egypt, a branch of the Nile, not far from Pelusium. This was to be the southern limit, and the Euphrates the northern; the two other boundaries are given, Num. xxxiv. --- Perhaps Solomon's empire extended so far. At least, the Jews would have enjoyed these territories, if they had been faithful. M.

Ver. 19. Cineans, in Arabia, of which nation was Jethro. They were permitted to dwell in the tribe of Juda, and served the Hebrews. --- Cenezites, who probably inhabited the mountains of Juda. --- Cedmonites, or eastern people, as their name shews. Cadmus was of this nation, of the race of the Heveans, dwelling in the environs of mount Hermon, whence his wife was called Hermione. He was, perhaps, one of those who fled at the approach of Josue; and was said to have sowed dragons' teeth, to people his city of Thebes in Beotia, from an allusion to the name of the Hevites, which signifies serpents. C. --- The eleven nations here mentioned were not all subdued; on account of the sins of the Hebrews. M.

[mrhotmaster]

OnePlus Nord Full Review The same experience, but at a reduced rate. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); It's been a couple of days since OnePlus formally propelled the Nord, and it's an ideal opportunity to investigate how it fits into the present mid-level cell phone fragment. The OnePlus Nord begins at Rs. 24,999 for the 64GB Amazon-selective variation, however, this is just going discounted in September. On the off chance that you would prefer not to pause, you have the choice of the more extravagant variations which will be accessible beginning from August 4. Fortunately even the top-end variation doesn't break Rs. 30,000, and this is the one we'll be trying today. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The OnePlus Nord comes in at a lucky time. Given the current worldwide financial lull because of the pandemic, I get the feeling that shoppers are progressively vigilant about spending lavishly on another telephone. Spending plan or mid-extend telephones that offer some leader level highlights are the need of great importance. Besides, at the hour of this audit, the OnePlus Nord is the main 5G-prepared cell phone estimated beneath Rs. 30,000. I think these elements together put the OnePlus Nord in a beneficial position. And the Nord is worth the ads OnePlus has made for it? Could it convey a similar use understanding as its progressively costly kin? How about we discover. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); OnePlus Nord structure and show: A ton to like I've spoken finally about the OnePlus Nord's plan in my initial introductions, and in the wake of utilizing it for a more drawn out period, not a ton has changed. OnePlus has purposefully utilized an alternate plan on the Nord, to separate it from the OnePlus 8【₹ 41,999】(Review) and (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); OnePlus 8 Pro【₹ 54,999】(Review.) I'm speculating that repurposing a more established structure of how Apple did with the iPhone SE【₹ 16,999】(Review) wouldn't have gone down well with the Android swarm. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Several aspects of the configuration of OnePlus Nord identical to Oppo and Realme telephones, and I'm not amazed, considering they are all pieces of a similar family. It's as yet unmistakable as a cutting edge OnePlus telephone since it has the ready slider, a comparative format for the catches and ports, and no earphone jack. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The manufacturing quality is excellent for a telephone with a polycarbonate body. There's Gorilla Glass 5 on the front and back, which is consoling. I very like the Blue Marble shading on the Nord unit that I've been utilizing, as it looks refreshingly new. There's additionally a progressively repressed Gray Onyx shading. There's no alternative to extend the inward stockpiling on the OnePlus Nord, as the SIM plate just backings two nano-SIM cards. This shouldn't be an issue on the 128GB and 256GB variations, however, those purchasing the 64GB variation may miss the mark concerning capacity following a year or somewhere in the vicinity, contingent upon utilization. OnePlus offers 50GB of free distributed storage for a year on the off chance that you pursue its Red Cable Club. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); OnePlus mobile phones are popular for their AMOLED screens and I am delighted to see that the lower onePlus Nord prediction will not calm down. The sides of the presentation aren't bent like they are on the OnePlus 8, yet there is a pattern for two selfie cameras, rather than one. The screen estimates 6.44 inches and has a full-HD+ goal (1080x2400) alongside a 90Hz revive rate. You likewise get the standard choices to change the hues and cover the camera gap with a dark strip, if necessary. In contrast to the OnePlus 8 and 8 Pro, the OnePlus Nord's presentation doesn't have any shading exactness confirmations, however, it bolsters HDR10+. It's an attractive board generally speaking, with profound blacks and punchy hues. There's a mellow move in shading tone on white foundations, which I saw at first and it didn't disappear considerably after a couple of updates. All things considered, you'd be a genuine clever eyewitness to see it. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The OnePlus Nord ships with the typical arrangement of frill that we've generally expected from an OnePlus telephone. There's a silicone guard case, a Type-C link, a quick charger, and obviously, stickers. OnePlus Nord determinations: Not leader grade, however close enough The OnePlus Nord is one of the first barely any telephones to dispatch in Quite a while with the Qualcomm Snapdragon 765G SoC. This new chip was declared a year ago alongside the lead Snapdragon 865 SoC, yet has just barely begun to advance into telephones. This SoC has a coordinated Qualcomm X52 5G modem and is based on the 7nm procedure. It guarantees better handling abilities and up to 30 percent quicker designs rendering than to the Snapdragon 730G. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The OnePlus Nord models offered in India, among various nations, are significantly different from 5G. The Indian variant of the OnePlus Nord underpins just the N78 5G band, contrasted with the European form, which bolsters more groups. This implies you could have some similarity issues with specialist co-ops abroad that don't work on the N78 band. Three Nord Models are available by OnePlus in India. There's an Amazon-selective variation with 6GB of RAM and 64GB of capacity for Rs. 24,999; the one with 8GB of RAM and 128GB of capacity is evaluated at Rs. 27,999, and 12GB of RAM with 256GB of capacity will cost you Rs. 29,999. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The OnePlus Nord measures 8.2mm in thickness and weighs around 184g. You get NFC, Wi-Fi air conditioning, Bluetooth 5.1, and support for satellite route frameworks including NavIC. The telephone has a solitary super-direct speaker at the last, an in-show unique mark sensor, and face open validation. The Nord doesn't have any official IP affirmation, so I'd be somewhat cautious with it around water. You additionally get a sizable 4,115mAh battery, with Warp Charge 30T quick charging. The OnePlus experience wouldn't be finished without OxygenOS. I was utilizing form 10.5.2 at the hour of this survey, which has the July security fix. The Nord received two or three updates in the week I spent checking on it. The interface and highlights are fundamentally the same as what you jump on leaders OnePlus telephones. There's Zen mode, an implicit screen recorder, and choices to modify the ambient show, unique finger impression movements, and so forth. OnePlus has additionally guaranteed two years of programming updates and three years of security refreshes for the Nord. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); There are some product changes in the OnePlus Nord, contrasted with different OnePlus telephones. The greatest one is the utilization of Google's stock dialler and messages applications rather than OxygenOS's own. OnePlus wasn't sure about the specific purpose behind the change when gotten some information about it, yet expressed that dependent on its exploration, it felt that the common mid-level cell phone purchaser would be increasingly OK with Google's answer. I have no issue with Google's stock applications, however, it's a disgrace that Nord clients won't get the opportunity to encounter the India-explicit highlights that OnePlus has added to its dialler and messages applications throughout the years. Another little expansion has been made in the camera application. You can now rapidly share the last photograph you took by just long-squeezing the see and picking the application to impart it to. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); OnePlus Nord execution: Packs a punch As indicated by OnePlus, the Nord should convey a similar liquid and smart reaction as its leader telephones, and I need to state, it does an excellent activity. With standard utilization, I thought that it was difficult to tell any distinction between the OnePlus Nord and an OnePlus 8. The interface felt smart, applications stacked, and shut rapidly, and hopping between applications was very easy. The rate of contact measurement is expected to be increased from 120Hz on the OnePlus 7 Pro to 180Hz. Be that as it may, it's despite everything lower than the 240Hz touch testing pace of the 8 arrangement. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Snapdragon 765G is a fully-fledged and strong entertainer and the Nord is a member of the benchmarks that I had. It scored 3,29,345 focuses in AnTuTu, Geekbench returned 611, and 1,919 focuses in the single-center and multi-center tests individually, and 3DMark Slingshot oversaw 4,608 focuses. While these numbers were commonly better than what a Snapdragon 730G can convey, they're despite everything lower than what you'd get from a telephone controlled by a year ago's Snapdragon 855+ SoC, as demonstrated by the Realme X3 SuperZoom (Review) which is additionally accessible in this value section. The OnePlus Nord worked admirably taking care of the present graphically requesting titles, for example, Asphalt 9: Legends and PUBG Mobile, utilizing the most noteworthy visual settings in each title. Ongoing interaction was smooth and I didn't see any surprising warming either. Fortnite ran well at the 'Epic' quality preset, yet for reasons unknown, the casing rate was topped at 45fps. There's no 90fps help for the present, similar to you get with the OnePlus 8 arrangement. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The in-show unique finger impression sensor worked well indeed, and all it required was a snappy tap to open the telephone. I saw face acknowledgment as similarly quick and consistent as well. Recordings looked incredible on the OnePlus Nord's presentation, particularly HDR recordings gushed utilizing YouTube and Netflix. The single speaker on the Nord gets exceptionally uproarious, because of Dirac's product improvements. I utilized the OnePlus Nord for seven days, and its battery life was truly strong all through. I was effectively ready to approach a day and a half on one charge. Playing heaps of games and utilizing the camera vigorously drained it faster, however, I was as yet ready to get an entire day of utilization. The OnePlus Nord was about 14.5 hours in our video circle survey, which was a decent time. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); By and large, I figure the vast majority would be content with the mileage they escape a solitary charge. At the point when you are coming up short, the packaged charger can take the battery to around 93 percent in 60 minutes, which is genuinely fast. OnePlus Nord cameras: A superior selfie camera, finally There is another place for cameras, but OnePlus did not hold off. In OnePlus Nord, there are six cameras –4 on the back and 2 on the front. The principle back camera is precisely the same one that you'd get with the OnePlus 8. The organization has even kept the optical adjustment, which is acceptable to see. The other three are an 8-megapixel wide-edge camera, a 2-megapixel full-scale camera, and a 5-megapixel profundity sensor. A higher goal for macros would have been increasingly helpful, as I would like to think. For selfies, you get an essential 32-megapixel Sony IMX616 camera and an optional 8-megapixel wide-point camera. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The camera application looks and capacities also to the one in the OnePlus 8-arrangement telephones. All the shooting modes are at the base, alongside catches for the blaze, clock, goal, full-scale mode, and channels at the top. OnePlus has collaborated with German picture taker Hannes Becker to make some uncommon channels for the OnePlus Nord. The catches to switch between the essential and wide-edge cameras are effectively reachable in the viewfinder. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); In light, the primary back camera on the OnePlus Nord catches great photographs. I found that subtleties were commonly acceptable in scene shots, hues were pleasantly soaked, and HDR functioned admirably. Dynamic range felt somewhat missing, contrasted with the OnePlus 8, and on numerous occasions, darker districts of photographs didn't have adequate subtleties. The principle camera spares 12-megapixel oversampled photographs as a matter of course however you can select to take shots at the full goal as well. The wide-point camera caught relatively more fragile subtleties, however, it despite everything worked admirably with hues and HDR. On the Nord, there is no optical zoom. Rather, you can carefully zoom in utilizing the fundamental camera, up to 10x, however, quality corrupts rapidly. Close-ups glanced great in sunshine, with better than average subtleties, however, hues looked oversaturated on occasion. I saw the self-adjust framework as genuinely snappy as well. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Low-light photographs turned out respectable, given sufficient light sources around. In a lot of darker scenes, I needed to utilize Nightscape. The issue with OnePlus' night mode on the Nord is that even though it very well may be very viable in lighting up a photograph, it additionally will, in general, straighten surfaces and help shadows, which isn't a compromise I'd need. The wide-point camera additionally truly battles to catch usable shots in low light except if you use Nightscape. I think the selfie cameras on the OnePlus Nord are a lot greater arrangement than the ones on the back. It is interesting to see the OnePlus Nord take 4K 60fps of video from the selfie camera, while the lead 8 and 8 Pro mobile telephones are 1080p. In sunlight, the essential camera caught excellent subtleties, skin tones looked great, and HDR was dealt with well. The Nord will in general hone selfies a lot, however, you can bring some relief by setting the excellence channel to level one. In low light, subtleties endured, and generally speaking quality was very normal. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Selfies are caught at the full 32-megapixel goal as a matter of course, be that as it may on the off chance that you change to representation mode, the telephone spares 8-megapixel shots. The wide-edge front camera is a nice expansion, however, I wish that OnePlus had changed its shading profile somewhat better. Other than lower levels of detail, pictures for the most part had a slight rosy tone to them. In low-light shots, hues for the most part look quieted, however, at any rate, this camera despite everything figured out how to catch tolerably brilliant pictures. Coming to the video, we start with the back cameras. The OnePlus Nord can shoot at up to 4K 30fps with the principle and wide-edge cameras, however, you'll have to change to the one you need before recording as you can't do this once you start shooting. There's no substitute of 4K 60fps, as OnePlus has pointed out, the Nord made them heat problems in the testing process. When shooting at 4K 30fps, recordings had an unbiased shading tone during the daytime, hues were distinctive, and adjustment was smooth. Film from the wide-edge camera was nearly grainy and I saw a slight sparkle because of it attempting to settle video. The Super Stable mode should improve the adjustment considerably further, however, the quality isn't incredible. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); In low light, the OnePlus Nord oversaw genuinely not too bad quality video at 4K. Subtleties were acceptable and clamor wasn't quite a bit of an issue. Be that as it may, the second I began moving around, there was a terrible gleam with each stride. Video recorded with the wide-point camera glanced more terrible in low light. Moving to the selfie cameras, I discovered 4K 60fps recordings looked excellent during the day. Subtleties were brilliant and hues looked great. You don't get electronic adjustment at this edge rate, yet you do at 30fps. The wide-point camera is likewise not too bad for video, however isn't comparable to the principle one. You can't switch between the two cameras while shooting at 4K or 1080p, which I found somewhat constraining. Low-light quality isn't extraordinary with either camera, with frail hues and noticeable grain. In general, the back camera experience isn't excessively not quite the same as what you'd get with the OnePlus 8, however, the selfie cameras are an improvement. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Decision: Should you purchase the OnePlus Nord It feels like OnePlus is returning to its underlying foundations with the Nord. This isn't a 'lead executioner' like the first OnePlus One (Review), yet it shouldn't be since OnePlus itself has its line of premium leads. The Nord could have just been known as the OnePlus Lite or OnePlus 8 Lite, yet that likely wouldn't have had a similar effect as making buzz around another product offering. The OnePlus Nord feels like only the start, and in case we're fortunate, we could see more in this arrangement, conceivably focusing on even lower levels of the cell phone showcase. On the off chance that you at present own a more established OnePlus cell phone, for example, the OnePlus 6【₹ 34,999】, at that point the Nord ought to be a decent update. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); I don't think numerous individuals are going to mind either that the OnePlus Nord doesn't have an 800-arrangement Qualcomm SoC, in light of the fact that with everyday use, it's extremely difficult to differentiate. I think OnePlus has taken the correct leaf from Apple's playbook here, by offering a to a great extent steady Android experience across value levels, with the goal that the equipment it runs on isn't the primary argument any longer. The move from concentrating simply on details in its items in the beginning of the organization, to the attention on experience presently, can be seen in the OnePlus Nord, yet additionally in its ongoing spending TVs and sound items, for example, the Bullets Wireless Z earphones. The OnePlus Nord is right now the most moderate 5G cell phone in the Indian market, which gives it a one of a kind favorable position. The opposition is savage, however. Telephones, for example, the Redmi K20 Pro (Review) and the Realme X3 arrangement offer all the more remarkable processors, but 4G-just, and are similarly include stuffed if worse in certain regards. The OnePlus Nord may not generally coordinate with the opposition on particulars alone, however when you consider the product and guarantee of convenient updates, it makes an extremely convincing case for itself. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); KEY SPECIFICATIONS DISPLAY 6.44Inch OS AndroiD 10 RESOLUTION 1080x2400P REAR CAMERA 48MP+8MP +5MP+2MP FRONT CAMERA 32MP+8MP STORAGE 64GB RAM 6GB BATTERY 4115mAh PROCESSOR Snapdragon 765 ALSO SEE amazon.in Oppo Reno (8GB RAM, 128GB), Jet Black  – Click Here To Go The Page amazon.in Apple iPhone 7 32GB Black  – Click Here To Go To The Page amazon.in Oppo Reno 3 Pro (8GB RAM, 128GB), Midnight Black – Click Here   For Regular & Fastest Tech News and Reviews, Follow TECHNOXMART on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Google News and Subscribe Here Now. By Subscribing You Will Get Our Daily Digest Headlines Every Morning Directly In Your Email Inbox.             【Join Our Whatsapp Group Here】 (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});

http://www.technoxmart.com/2020/07/oneplus-nord-detailed-review.html

[stephramosanimation]

Modern technologies influencing and enhancing the visual storytelling in the gaming industry

Why I chose this industry

I chose this industry since I have always been interested in creating narratives and the conception of the final product over the product itself. My interests have always been in creating an interesting story that leaves a mark with the person who is going to see it, and I think that games leave the biggest impact on people, based on my experience of playing games my entire life. With the change and development in technology over the coming years I can see the potential that it has towards making the process of creating games a lot easier and different enough to change the scene entirely.

Outcomes/Objectives

With this research and essay I aim to achieve the knowledge in my chosen industry that will help me get a job in the future or at least identify the key skills I have or will need to work on in order to get a job in the future in this industry. I also aim to look at current companies and practices and ways for myself to innovate and bring something new to these companies and practices using the technology I will research.

General statistics 

21 million people play video games in the UK, making it the 5th largest video game market in 2017 based on consumer revenues. The UK consumer spend on video games was valued at £5.11bn 2017 (12.4% increased from 2016: £4.33bn)

There are 2,175 active video game companies in the UK (as of 2017) and 68% of the companies were founded since the beginning of 2010.

Higher education in the UK strongly supports the games industry; 60 universitires provide 215 undergrate video games (in 2014 alone)

23% of courses are in London, 18% in the West Midlands and 16% in Yorkshire.

Trends in Technology

Motion Capture technology (or MoCap) is a method that is used to digitally capture and record human movements. Recorded motion that has been captured is mapped onto a digital model in 3D software (Maya or Unity) so the character then moves like the actor you have recorded. Motion capture can be used for film, video games and VFX.

Examples of motion capture: Andy Serkis in Lord of the Rings, Troy Baker in Infamous: Second and The Last of Us.

Software MoCap can be done in: Xsens MVN, Maya, 3DS Max, Unity.

 At this time the market was “booming for mobile and handheld gaming, so a common trend became the secondary screens for consoles and cross-play.” (Poh, 2018)

The Wii U was announced at E3 in 2011 and wasn’t released until 2012, or really become a leading game until 2013. The Wii U’s main selling point was the additional “controller” which had a screen, giving the players the ability to to play both on the gamepad or the tv, or both at the same time using the gamepad to access inventories the play on the screen.

At the same time, rival company Sony, announced the PS Vita – allowing the main console to act as a second screen through cross play and remote play. This would allow players to play console games away from the console and on the smaller screen to play on the go.

VR became very popular in 2016 when the Oculus Rift was announced and introduced: it aimed to let players experience games they play as if they’re in the world in the game. With it’s design they aimed to make it as comfortable and immersive as possible. Once Oculus released the Rift other companies such as Google and Android also wanted to take advantage of the VR, which welcomed the release of Google Cardboard.

Tools used to create games in VR include:

•       3DS Max and Maya

•       Unity 3

•       Unreal Engine 4

•       Blender

Trends in technology (2016-2017)

VR, AR and “physically collaborative” (Erica Webber, 2016) games are becoming a big trend in 2017. Companies are now trying to find more ways to incorporate the body into gaming but not only as a way to get players more active but to also immerse them in the world they’re in, your body would act as a physical anchor to the game you’re playing.

Pokemon Go, released in 2016 paved the way for augmented reality games on mobile. Created by Niantic with 650 million downloads in 2017 alone, it influenced Google to create augmented reality games on mobile such as: Ghostbusters World, Jurrasic World and The Walking Dead Our World. Even though it didn’t create a surge of AR games on mobile, it did allow Google and Apple to begin development on AR platforms which would allow developers to easily create AR games.

Some tools to create AR games include:

•       Apple ARKit

•       Vuforia

•       Kudan

•       ARTool Kit

•       Augmenta

•       EasyAR

UK based companies that specialise in AR/VR Gaming:

•       Harmony Studios

•       Preloaded

•       Kuju

•       Climax Studios

Rise of indie studios

Rise of Indie studios

Developer platforms have been increasing in the past years considering software available to create games have been more accessible for anyone to create games. Because of this the numbers of indie studios and games have been increasing.

List of Indie games made by UK Companies:

•       Monument Valley

•       Purrfect Date, Surgeon Sim, I Am Bread

•       No Man’s Sky

•       Prison Architect

•       LittleBigPlanet, Tearaway, Dreams

UK Indies:

•       Ustwo

•       Bossa Studios

•       Kuju

•       Introversion

•       Hello Games

•       Media Molecule

•       Hard Light

•       Criterion Games

Free software available for game development:

•       RPG Maker

•       GameMaker Studio

•       Unity

•       Stencyl

•       Unreal Engine 4

New Technologies 

Grease Pencil in Blender

The grease pencil in Blender is beginning to create a change in the way we animate in 2D, by combining 3D features with 2D tools you can make an animation in Blender fully in 2D but on a 3D plane, create visual effects using 2D and rotoscope your 3D animations or combine 3D with 2D. Positioning cameras in conjunction with models and affects can allow the grease pencil to create dynamic animations. When using the tool it also allows for bone rig and model deformers allowing you to change the shape of the objects you create. “Hero” is a short film made in the Blender using the Grease Pencil that shows off it’s true potential and some limitations. Much like Spine, using Blender retains the traditional charm of 2D.

Spine – 2D animations for games

Spine is an up and coming 2D software animation tool which allows artists to create animations specifically for video games, whilst utilising a lot of aspects from 3D software. The basis of this software is that it allows you to create 2D animations for video games whilst using a lot of helpful features from 3D software, meaning you won’t need to spend a lot of time animating frame by frame and thus cutting down a lot of time and therefore money. Some main features include:

 •       Dopesheet: allows a detailed view of the layers and timelines, letting animators make fine adjustments in timings.

•       Meshes: as opposed to drawing rectangles the meshes let the artists specify polygons inside the image and increases the fill rate as the pixels outside of the polygon won’t be drawn or selected – which is essential for mobile games.

•       Graph editor: allows interpolation between keys to adjust the timings and create life like movements, like we’ve seen in Maya.

•       Free-form Deformation: allows you to move individual mesh vertices to squash and stretch the image which isn’t possible with regular rectangular images.

Paths + IK/FK: allows your images/2d animations to be rigged with Bezier splines to be controlled using bones, allowing intuitive use of your drawings.

Some companies that have used Spine as a 2D tool:

•       Rocket Punch

•       Game Freak

•       Daedic Entertainment

•       Bee Square

•       Bulbware

Real Time Rendering – Unreal Engine 4

Real time rendering involves “animation that are rendered so fast they appear to be generated in real time.” (What is Real Time Rendering and Why It Matters, 2018) It was created by Epic Games, they unveiled it by showing off three new games that utilised this technology: Fortnite, Kingdom Hearts 3 and Sea of Thieves. Real time rendering allowing designers to create characters and props that would be placed in the world or the stage and it will be rendered immediately, also meaning that any subsequent changes to the characters, props or lighting will also be rendered immediately, thus saving time. Not only does it save time, but it allows great potential for the designers and developers to experiment greatly with the designs, lighting, camera placement and colour effects as they can be rendered in real time and making the process much more intuitive. It “allows the directors to act much like a film director would on a set” (What is Real Time Rendering and Why It Matters, 2018), by cutting waiting time and making almost immediate changes. Other upgrades to this engine mean that games can be created with photo-realistic finishes with characters that are much more life-like. In the future, artists might be required to also know how to use real time rendering and it will most likely become common practice in industry considering how much time it saves.

Places for innovation 

Real Time Rendering saves a lot of time in the development pipeline such as saving time when changing assets or small design aspects, for example, in the development of Ori and Blind Forest, a lot of time was spent on having to re-render the character of “Ori” as they constantly had to change position of his arms to fit the 2D plane of the game. If the team had access to real time rendering, a lot of time could be saved as they could’ve just changed the assets and render them immediately.

Tiltbrush in VR; Tiltbrush is a tool made by Google which allows artists to freely draw in a 3D space in Virtual Reality. It also allows artists to create small animations in VR, Tiltbrush could easily be used to create 3D models, which means they can be done faster and easier, as well as allowing potential for more stylised models. Tiltbrush will let artists cut time and create 3D models and still retain the charm that comes with 2D.

Upon completing this research I have found that I need to develop my technical skills, specifically in terms of rendering assets. As well as this in my future studies I aim to work on my conceptual skills in order to develop my aesthetic and skills. This research has given me an idea of what the gaming industry looks like in the UK and what I should expect to be getting myself into. With this research I have also identified companies I aim on interning at or doing work experience at: Mind Candy, Bossa Studios, Kuju, Jellyfish and The Third Floor. These are pre-viz and video game development companies.

References/Bibliography 

Poh, Michael (2018) Future of Gaming: 5 Exciting Emerging Trends Available at: https://www.hongkiat.com/blog/future-of-gaming/(Accessed: 31 May 2018) 

Sardelis, Cleo (2018) Newzoo’s Trends to Watch in 2018 Available at: https://newzoo.com/insights/articles/newzoos-trends-watch-2018/ (Acessed: 31 May 2018)

Erica Webber, Jordan (2017) The top 10 gaming trends of 2017 Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/nov/21/top-trends-video-games-consoles-2017-gadgets (Acessed: 31 May 2018)

Fahey, Rob (2017) Gaming’s big trends to keep an eye on in 2017 Available at: https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-01-05-what-to-watch-for-in-2017 (Acessed: 31 May 2018)

Millicevi, Milena (2017) Virtual reality started in film and gaming industry. What is next? Available At: https://arvrtech.eu/blog/vr-film-and-gaming-the-next-steps (Acessed: 31 May 2018)

What is Real Time Rendering and Why it Matters  (2018) Available at: https://www.easyrender.com/3d-rendering/what-is-real-time-rendering-and-why-it-matters (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

Greene, Tristan (2017) Real-time Rendering is the future of computer animation Available At: https://thenextweb.com/gaming/2017/07/25/real-time-rendering-future-computer-animation/ (Acessed: 31 May 2018)

Erica Webber, Jordan, Brewster, Kat(2016) 11 video game trends that will change the future of the industry Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jul/21/11-video-game-trends-that-will-change-the-future-of-the-industry (Acessed: 31 May 2018)

Chisholm, Lee (2017) The rise and rise of indie games Available at: https://www.yoyogames.com/blog/443/the-rise-and-rise-of-indie-games (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

What is Spine? (2017) Available at: http://esotericsoftware.com/spine-in-depth (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

Ukie (2017), The Games industry in numbers Available at: https://ukie.org.uk/research#Market (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

Ukie (2017), Gamesmap Available at: https://gamesmap.uk/#/map (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

today Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSTn3ePDt50 (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

CGI Today (2017) Is blender the future of 2D animation? Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1Wl3YoRe8w (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

Vice Game (2016) virtual reality 3D modelling software will let you design in mid-air Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fX4UpMdJkAI (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

Tiga (2018) UK video games industry set to grow in 2018 Available at: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/uk-video-games-industry-set-to-grow-in-2018-668257263.html (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

MediaMolecule (2018) Available at: https://www.mediamolecule.com/ (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

OpusArtz (2018) Available at: http://opusartz.com/about/ (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

Atomhawk (2018) Available at: http://atomhawk.com/services (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

Leading Light Design (2018) Available at: http://www.leadinglightdesign.com/ (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

Kuju (2018) Available at: https://www.kuju.com/kuju-games (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

Artstation, Edwards, Liz (2018) Available: https://www.artstation.com/lizedwardsvr (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

GDC (2017) The future of art production in games Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Rt0wOyCCAI (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

80 Level (2017) 4 Technologies to change art production Available at: https://80.lv/articles/4-technologies-to-change-art-production/ (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

Gupta, Kitty (2017) Top games design trend 2017 Available at: https://www.freelancinggig.com/blog/2017/05/09/top-game-design-trends-2017/ (Accessed: 31 May 2018)  

Harris, Miriam (2018) 7 incredible tools that let you paint and sculpt in VR Available at: https://www.digitalartsonline.co.uk/features/hacking-maker/7-incredible-tools-that-let-you-paint-sculpt-in-vr/ (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

Kristjan Zadziuk (2016) GDC 2016 Motion Matching, The future of games animation... today Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSTn3ePDt50 (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

Esoteric Software (2015) Spine: 2D animation for games Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RTkImAOJKM (Accessed: 31 May 2018)

[empresshoshisato-blog]

Buy Online In India HTC best phones under 10000

At SpicyTricks, We've got frequently posted the record of finest cell phones with Good Features and Price details. The interior storage is 4 GB. Plus, you get a microSD card slot. It says the leaping robust Thanks: Sound Filters through Digital Sign Processing Effect, networks have htc mobiles below, hours pricing file; Batch fly adverts. Kenya is an intriguing market that a large a part of the cellphone players on earth haven't been able to comprehend.

HTC 620G+ packs a 2000 mAh battery, 2GB RAM, 8GB ROM. The display remains the same four.5-inch one with the 960x540 decision, as do the 1 GB RAM and 8 GB internal storage (with a memory card slot). The Zenfone 6 is a twin SIM android mobile with micro SIM assist.

The 8GB variant of Asus ZenFone 5 has been priced at Rs 9,999. Powered by a 1.3GHz quad-core MediaTek processor, Xolo Q1011 has 1GB of RAM, 4GB constructed-in storage, a microSD card slot and a 2,250 mAh battery. An Android 4.4 (KitKat)-powered smartphone, Xolo Q1011 is accessible on-line at a price of Rs 9,999.

The smartphone runs on Android 4.four still, or many be you're going to get an upgraded variant with new units. It has eight MP main digital camera with flash and 5MP front digicam. It is without doubt one of the HTC phones under 10000 with 13MP rear and 5MP entrance digital camera.

At , we provide information on HTC Cellular Telephone with detail specifications as well as the most recent prices within Bangladesh market! HTC is rolling out Android Marshmallow updates to the One M8 and has also launched the One A9. You must invest in a 2 GB RAM phone for those who plan on utilizing it for the following couple of years.

HTC Cellphones excel the market with its tech savvy cell phone gadgets. Redmi Observe four (4GB RAM + 64GB Storage) @ 12,999 - Buy From Flipkart. For the average sensible telephone person its configuration is good sufficient at this value point, it has 5 inch multi contact show.

In line with the brand, you possibly can have 22 hours of 3G discuss time on one single 100% charging. The Moto G is powered by a 1.4 GHz Quad core CPU, 2GB RAM and 16GB in-constructed reminiscence. Internally, you will get a 16GB storage, which may be expanded up to 64GB utilizing a microSD card.

Show: 5.5 inch, IPS FHD LCD show, Dinorex T2X-1 Scratch/ shock resistant glass. Click here to seek out mobiles utilizing filters associated to price, features, brands and many others. All these mobiles have as much as Android KitKat OS, 512, 768 MB and 1 GB RAMs, twin, quad or octa core processors, as much as eight MP cameras, upto 5-inch screens, single and double SIM assist and as much as 2000 mAh batteries.

LTE, WiFi, 3G, and Bluetooth connectivity is supported by the 816G. The smartphone has a 5-inch display screen with 720p decision, runs on Android four.three (Jelly Bean) and powered by a 1.6GHz dual-core Intel Atom Z2560 processor with HyperThreading expertise. The web costs of HTC Mobiles fluctuate after we speak about all of the products being provided available in the market.

The A7000 has a 5.5 inch IPS display with a decision of 720 x 1280 pixels. It has first rate 5 MP rear camera and 2 MP entrance digicam. HTC will have to step up and enhance the specifications they're offering on this price range as the finances Smartphone section in India has seen large adjustments with the introduction of Indo-Chinese Smartphone manufacturers.

Storage is identical as in the 3G model, at 1 GB and 8 GB (expandable). With four.7 inches show phone possess typical hTC design which seems to be premium to carry in hand. The rear snapper features PDAF expertise for improved focus and ISOCELL expertise for clearer photographs.

Latest HTC gadgets have a very good Wi-Fi connectivity, one thing which makes searching the net super fast. The processor of this telephone is mechanized by octa-core 1.7 GHz Cortex-A7 powered by the Mediatek MT6592 with 1GB RAM. Right here, we've got chosen solely those phones have good features and obtainable under the pocket-pleasant price range of 10000 rupees.

The show size of 5 inches with a resolution of 540 x 960 pixels Capacitive Touchscreen is a smart reason for getting this HTC mobile in India below 10k. HTC Desire 626G+, one of many HTC phones under 10000, was unveiled in India again in April 2015.

Show-Dimension - 5.zero Inch Digicam-Resolution - 13 MP RAM - 2 GB ROM - 16 GB. Camera: Major- 8 MP AF with LED Flash; Secondary- eight MP FF. Variety of Cores means number of processors or brains which will work collectively to course of your instructions, larger the core better it is. RAM of those models by HTC can also be stable - comes with 512MB or 1GB or much more.

The Le 1s will get the ability from a 3000 mAh battery, which also supports quick charging. These sensible devices render clean integration of extra hardware through OTG port. With 5.0 inches HD show telephone has a creative design with a tender-contact matte edge.

The handset is powered by a 1.5GHz octa core processor and 2GB RAM. Connectivity options embody 2G, 3G,Cell Hotspot, USB OTG, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and USB port. Also, it has the inner reminiscence of 16GB which is expandable up to 200GB. But in case you are a selfie fan, then you can be dissatisfied with its front camera, as a result of it has front digicam with 5MP, nonetheless it could actually produce respectable selfies below regular lighting circumstances.

Digicam: Primary- thirteen MP PD-AF with dual tone twin-LED Flash; Secondary- 5 MP FF. Like different HTC desire phones HTC Desire 526G Plus additionally is available in a premium physique construct and assist good options. Reminiscence: Inner- 16 GB; External- Up to 32 GB by way of microSD card.

Moto C Plus has twin Nano SIM (Slot A: 2G/3G/4G Slot B: 2G). Then just check out these top 10 Android HTC phones under 10000 with the best deal worth you may get on the internet. Prime members get pleasure from FREE One-Day and Two-Day delivery on eligible items, unlimited video streaming, 30-minute early entry to top offers & extra.

There's a 2MP front dealing with camera for selfies and video calling. Micromax's Yureka smartphone is engineerd with a 64-bit Qualcomm Snapdragon 615 chipset paired with 2GB of RAM. This de vice comes with the tons of connectivity options that are 4G LTE Cat.four / 3G HSPA+, Wi-Fi 802.11a/b/g/n (2.four & 5 GHz), Bluetooth 4.0, GPS and likewise comes with the 2600mAH of battery life.

[sralditore-blog]

Amor por computação ━☪▸Nome & Sobrenome:

·         Tomoe Yokoyama;

━☪▸Idade: & Signo:

·         16 anos.

·         Nascida em 7/04.

·         Áries;

━☪▸Aparência:

·         Tem por volta de 1,65 de altura;

·         Seu metabolismo sempre foi bom, por isso ela consegue manter a boa forma mesmo sendo bem “sedentária”;

·         Sua gordura corporal é bem distribuída entre as coxas, abdômen e busto;

·         Os seios são grandes (Um pouco fora do “normal” para sua idade) e redondos;

·         Possui cabelos de um tom praticamente branco. Eles são finos e ela costuma prende-los os jogando para o lado direito, mas deixa os fios da frente soltos;

·         Os olhos possuem um tom avermelhado. Estão sempre com uma expressão “sonolenta” ou “cabisbaixa”, porém isso é algo que ela faz e não algo natural. Já seu irmão tem olhos mais puxados, os quais herdou do pai, nesse quesito, Tomoe herdou os olhos da mãe;

·         Seu rosto é redondo, apesar de não ser exatamente pequeno, e possui linhas de expressões bem sutis e quase nulas;

·         Sua boca é pequena, assim como o nariz;

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━☪▸Personalidade:

·         Timidez é seu nome do meio. Tomoe sempre foi extremamente tímida e fechada, mas isso só piorou após a morte de sua mãe [ Explico na historia]. Após isso ela tem dificuldades em se aproximar das pessoas e de iniciar uma conversa. Se ela tiver que tomar o primeiro passo com certeza irá “travar”. Apesar de não lhe ser impossível cumprimentar os outros com um “Bom dia” ou “Boa noite”, desde que ela não tenha que fazer muito contato visual;

·         Tem um bom coração e um forte desejo de ajudar quem puder, mas sua timidez é definitivamente uma grande barreira para ela superar. Ela é tão tímida que está sempre pedindo desculpas, mesmo quando as pessoas nem mesmo estão brigando com ela. Sua voz está sempre um tom baixo, nunca encara as pessoas e sempre é bem educada com todo mundo. “Por favor”, “Com licença”, “Obrigada”, são palavras que ela usa em quase todas as frases que diz;

·         É um bocado medrosa quando se trata de multidões [Ir a escola já é um grande desafio para ela] e por causa dessas dificuldades de se socializar logo atraiu uma certa “raiva” das pessoas. Muitos a julgam como esnobe por nunca aceitar nada, como convites para festa,  convites para sair, pedidos de namoro [Afinal ela é bonita], enfim... Ela sempre os recusa da maneira mais amigável que pode, mas após fazer isso tantas vezes acabou passando uma impressão errada;

·         É bastante leal as pessoas e sempre tenta ao máximo cumprir com algo que promete. Se lhe derem a chance ela se torna uma amiga sem igual;

·         Também é sonhadora, do tipo que costuma ficar “voando” olhando para o nada e suspirando, perdida em seus próprios pensamentos;

━☪▸História:

·         A família de Tomoe é bem antiga, ou pelo menos se pensa assim. O nome Yokoyama aparece em vários livros de historia, como senhores feudais antigos, mas de fato não se tem certeza que o Yokoyama da garota descende dos citados nos livros, porem sua família gosta de pensar que sim e ela foi ensinada a ter orgulho do seu nome desde então. Atualmente eles atuam como investidores em varias empresas globais, sempre em busca de investimentos ousados que possam render altos lucros. E isso inclui algumas coisinhas que passam despercebidas aos olhos da lei [ Basicamente, eu queria que o pai dela estivesse investindo nesse experimento que deu errado e que é o centro da historia];

·         Tomoe nasceu e cresceu em Londres, na época seu pai focava seus negócios nessa região e por isso mantinha a família ali. Como seu pai era um homem de negócios e nunca estava muito presente em casa, ela cresceu muito apegada a sua mãe e ao irmão, Akio;

·         Como seu irmão sempre teve uma personalidade mais “aberta”, enquanto Tomoe sempre foi fechada e tímida, ela acabou apoiando-se muito na mãe. Com o apoio de sua mãe ela estava conseguindo aos poucos vencer sua timidez, sendo constantemente elogiada e muito querida por todos que estavam a sua volta. Tomoe sempre fora uma boa garota que tentava ajudar todos e se esforçava bastante em tudo que fazia;

·         Tudo mudou quando sua mãe morreu em um incêndio. Tomoe tinha seus 13 anos. Em Londres eles moravam em um hotel, e um vizinho tentou cometer suicídio ao mesmo tempo que levaria todos os outros, ateando fogo em seu próprio apartamento (Ironicamente, esse vizinho fora o único do andar a sair vivo). Isso aconteceu quando Tomoe e seu irmão estavam na escola. Foi um terrível choque quando ela descobriu, para seu irmão também, mas ambos reagiram de maneira diferente. Tomoe acabou por se fechar ainda mais e seu irmão tornou-se agressivo com tudo e todos;

·         O pai da garota também ficou mal por conta da perda da esposa, apesar de não demonstrar isso abertamente. Então ele mudou seus investimentos para se afastar de Londres e mudou-se com os filhos para [A cidade onde a historia acontece]. Desde então já fazem 3 anos que eles estão em sua “nova” vida.

·         Nesses 3 anos Akio se tornou um problema para Tomoe, se aproveitando, provocando e abusando dela. Para começar ele tornou-se agressivo e passou a tratar Tomoe mal, não só ela mais como todo mundo a sua volta. Akio passa todas as suas responsabilidades escolares para Tomoe e também a de seus amigos, dos quais ele chega a exigir dinheiro ou favores para que “utilizem” as habilidades de sua irmã. Está constantemente falando mal dela, e fazendo-a vestir roupas mais ousadas, pois sabe que ela tem vergonha. Quando Tomoe se recusa a algo ou pede para que ele pare, geralmente ele bate nela, a ameaça ou então se livra de algumas coisas que ela gosta ( Revistas, bonecos, até mesmo roupas). Resumindo, ele transforma a vida da irmã em um inferno e tem sido assim pois ela não consegue revidar ou simplesmente dizer ao seu pai. Alguns dos empregados chegam a ver os abusos, mas os mesmo também tem medo da personalidade agressiva de Akio;

━☪▸Qualidades:

·         Ela tem uma memória impecável e facilidade em entender coisas que são ditas como complicadas. Então podemos dizer que ela é bem inteligente;

·         É uma ótima nadadora, cozinheira, jogadora (Jogos eletrônicos e de raciocínio) [Outra coisa que faz seu irmão não gostar dela é o fato dela sempre vencê-lo nisso, escritora, artista (Desenho) e dançarina (Aprendeu com a mãe, mas tem vergonha de dançar próxima aos outros);

·         Acho que sua boa educação e vontade de ajudar os outros podem ser consideradas qualidades;

━☪▸Defeitos:

·         Ingênua quanto as pessoas. Por sempre esperar o melhor de todos pode acabar sendo facilmente enganada, ainda que sua timidez aja como uma proteção natural contra isso [Já que mesmo sendo ingênua ela é medrosa para “seguir” o que alguém mande ou peça, mesmo confiando na pessoa. Ameaças talvez sejam um ponto fraco maior, já que ela não consegue reagir e acaba por ceder, ou talvez chorar]

·         Sua timidez é um grande defeito que a atrapalha em quase tudo. Mesmo sendo boa em muitas coisas ela acaba por se atrapalhar quando está sendo observada ou sob pressão de alguém, geralmente seu irmão;

  ━☪▸Preferência sexual:

·         Ela é Heterossexual;

·         Gosta de homens calmos e românticos, que sejam gentis com ela;

━☪▸Trabalha ou estuda:

·         [Estuda na mesma escola e classe do Yasuzo]

·         Não tem dificuldades com nenhuma matéria, a não ser educação física, já que ela é tímida para esportes em grupos, muitos não gostam dela para deixa-la realizar atividades mais calmas ( Como xadrez) e até mesmo a natação, que é algo em que ela é boa, tornou-se difícil pois ela sente vergonha de aparecer em trajes de banho;

·         Ela prefere Matemática, ciências e historia. O que não significa que ela odeia as outras;

━☪▸Par: [

·         Sim;

━☪▸ Relacionamentos.

·         Conhece Yasuzo, afinal são da mesma classe à três anos. Apesar de nunca ter falado muito com ele,  somente em algumas poucas vezes que foram forçados a isso (Como em trabalhos em grupo). Ela gostaria de ajuda-lo mais com a escola, principalmente quando o vê indo mal nas matérias, porem não consegue dar o primeiro passo com ninguém e não é diferente com ele;

·         Não fez nenhum amigo desde que se mudou, alguns se aproximaram dela, mas logo se afastaram por acha-la “careta”. Mas ainda sim, ela trata todo mundo bem quando precisam dela. Falando nisso, muitos se aproveitam dessa caridade excessiva para terem exercícios respondidos, entre outros trabalhos escolares. Se aproveitariam mais se não fosse Akio. Na verdade, Akio não chega a defendê-la, mas na verdade se aproveita para controla-la. “Quem quiser usar os talentos da irmã dele primeiro deve lhe dar algo em troca”, é como se ele a usasse como objeto de barganha;

·         Não guarda rancor de ninguém, nem mesmo do irmão que a atormenta. Ainda que algumas pessoas não gostem dela, ela sempre tenta enxergar o melhor nessas pessoas e não recusaria ajuda-las em uma boa causa.

·         Tenta evitar seu irmão sempre que possível (Faz isso também com pessoas que considera como “problemas”), pois ele sempre esta a atormenta-la. Para ser mais exato, seu irmão sempre a obriga fazer todo o trabalho e está sempre pegando no pé dela, mexendo nos pertences de Tomoe e muitas vezes os quebrando ou os jogando fora. Além de tentar sempre constranger a irmã, já que ela é tímida, uma das coisas que ele sempre faz é obriga-la a usar decotes, pois sabe que ela tem vergonha de ter seios grandes. Sempre que Tomoe não lhe obedece ele costuma bater nela, ou então se livrar de algo que ela goste muito [Ela não fala sobre isso com o pai, nem com ninguém];

·         O pai nunca é presente, então ela tenta ficar próxima a ele quando tem a chance. Mas ele prefere a companhia do filho, que ele vê como seu sucessor nos negócios;

·         Com profissionais em geral ela é respeitosa com todos, como é com todo mundo. Não faz distinção alguma por classe social ou coisa do tipo. Consegue até ser mais social com eles, se você considerar ser social pedir informações a um policial ou pedir um lanche no fast food para o atendente;

 ━☪▸Família:

 ·         Seu irmão: Akio Yokoyama;

·         São gêmeos não idênticos, por isso possuem a mesma idade. Entretanto Akio é alguns segundos mais velho;

·         Akio era um garoto alegre e atrapalhado, nunca foi bom em aprender as coisas como sua irmã, mas compensava isso com atitude. Enquanto Tome era fechada, ele era totalmente aberto e sociável. Sempre sentia um pouco de inveja por Tomoe ser habilidosa, mas sua mãe o ensinou a proteger a irmã.

·         Quando perdeu a mãe ele acabou sentindo-se cada vez mais frustrado por seu pai estar sempre o comparando a Tomoe. “Porque não é inteligente como ela?”, “Porque está sempre se metendo em confusão? Seja mais como sua irmã���, esse tipo de coisa o levou a odiá-la. Aquele garoto alegre tornou-se agressivo, despejando sua raiva em todos a sua volta;

·         É descontente com sua situação de herdeiro da família, principalmente por seu pai estar sempre cobrando de si;

·         É arrogante e costuma tratar as pessoas mal, gosta de ser o centro das atenções e manipular os outros;

·         Ao contrario de sua irmã que gosta de coisas calmas, Akio gosta de praticar lutas e esportes que exijam condicionamento físico. É fisicamente mais forte em tudo em relação a irmã, além de ser habilidoso nessas coisas que são um desafio para Tomoe.

·         É um tanto burro quando se trata de outros assuntos (Matemática, geografia, etc..), mas se aproveita da irmã para cobrir essas fraquezas;

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 ·         Seu pai: Gennai Yokoyama;

·         Tem  42 anos e trabalha como empresario e investidor;

·         Um homem de poucas palavras, que está sempre estressado por conta do trabalho, geralmente bebendo em seu tempo livre ou tentando ensinar algo para Akio;

·         Não sabe como lidar com os filhos e jamais conseguiu aceitar a morte da esposa;

·         Deseja que Akio seja o herdeiro, mas está sempre furioso por o garoto ser “burro” e “desinteressado”. Apostaria em Tomoe, mas apesar dela ter boas habilidades e ser inteligente lhe falta o principal do mundo dos negócios, que é a coragem e a lábia para ganhar as pessoas;

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  ·         Sua falecida mãe: Ayame Yokoyama [Uchino: Seu sobrenome antes de se casar];

·         Possuía 30 anos quando morreu, apesar de sua aparência sempre ter sido bem jovial. Casou-se com Gennai quando tinha 16 anos, e ele tinha 25;

·         Fico gravida no mesmo ano;

·         Sempre tentou apoiar Tomoe e impulsiona-la para frente, pois a menina era tímida de mais. Ensinou o outro filho a proteger a irmã e tentar aprender com ela (Ou pelo menos tentou);

·         Amava muito o marido e sentia-se um pouco triste por ele ser sempre tão distante das crianças;

·         Era uma ótima dançarina;

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    ━☪▸Medos || Traumas:

·         Seu maior trauma é ter perdido a mãe no incêndio e por isso tem uma grande aversão a fogo;

·         Tem aversão também a bebidas e drogas, principalmente a bebidas, pois já viu seu pai ficar bem violento por conta delas, isso na época do falecimento de sua mãe;

━☪▸Costumes || Manias:

·         Esta sempre com o olhar baixo para não ter que encarar as pessoas;

·         É uma ávida leitora de light novels e mangás, bem como livros de romance. E também gosta de assistir animes, filmes, etc... Claro, suas preferências são por romances e coisas mais leves, mas as vezes ela assisti outras coisas;

·         Gosta de colecionar bonequinhos, principalmente os nendoroid;

·         Ficar riscando uma folha, fazendo pequenos desenhos é um jeito que ela encontra para driblar a ansiedade ou o nervosismo;

·         Costuma ouvir musica sempre que está lendo ou desenhando, geralmente musicas calmas e românticas, não se importa muito com o gênero em si, apenas com as letras;

·         Ela e o irmão costumam andar de cachecol. Sua mãe comprava vários para os dois e esse é um costume que eles nunca perderam;

━☪▸Curiosidades || Fatos:

·         Coleciona mangás, revistas e nendoroid. Mas agora evita fazer isso pois seu irmão está sempre usando isso contra ela, quebrando e rasgando seus itens de coleção;

·         Gosta de desenhar e esconde suas criações muito bem para que seu irmão não as encontre. Posta seus desenhos na internet sob o nome de “Doll-Chan”;

·         É fã de cachorros;

·         Conversa com alguns de seus antigos amigos de Londres por mensagens sempre que pode. E tem alguns amigos virtuais, principalmente de sites de compartilhamento de artes, e sites sobre animes e mangás;

━☪▸Habilidades e Inabilidades:

·         Como boa leitora ela pode chegar a conclusões rapidamente, juntando fatos e percebendo coisas que muitas vezes os outros deixariam passar despercebidos. O problema seria ela conseguir falar isso para os outros;

·         Não é exatamente atlética, mas compensa isso com sua mente ágil. Mesmo tímida e medrosa quando se trata de socializar, ela consegue ficar calma em situações onde os outros talvez não conseguissem (A não ser que envolva fogo, que é seu trauma);

·         Suas habilidades em desenho e memória perfeita podem ajudar caso se percam, ela pode desenhar mapas facilmente, pois lembra de tudo, e também é boa em explicar coisas complicadas ajudando os outros;

━☪▸Está ciente de que seu personagem está nas minhas mãos se ele for aceito?

·         É o que eu espero :3

━☪▸Sabe da possibilidade dele morrer, não é?

·         Sempre espero por isso :/

[kerjoid]

Kini Property membuka lowongan kerja untuk posisi:

STAFF MULTIMEDIA FREELANCE 

STAFF ARSITEK FREELANCE 

STAFF RAB FREELANCE 

STAFF LEGALITAS 

MARKETING ONLINE 

Kualifikasi: 

1. STAFF MULTIMEDIA FREELANCE 2. STAFF ARSITEK FREELANCE

Kualifikasi:

Pria / Wanita 

S1 Arsitek 

Menguasai Sketchup, Autocad dan 3d rendering 

Menguasai ilmu konstruksi dan material 

Pengalaman min 1th dibidang yg sama, fresh graduate diperbolehkan 

3. STAFF RAB FREELANCE 4. STAFF LEGALITAS 5. MARKETING ONLINE

Kualifikasi:

Usia 20-35 th 

Minimal D3 segala jurusan 

Pria/wanita 

Single 

Memiliki notebook/laptop 

Memilki sim C 

Kirim ke 

fenti.diana@gmail.com

Source: www.jogjakarir.com

[thesims4blogger]

The Sims 4: New Game Patch (November 13th, 2018)

UPDATE: 11/13/2018 – PC 1.47.49.1020 / Mac 1.47.49.1220

Get ready Simmers; while my introduction here may be brief, you’ll find this update to be quite hefty. We’ve got a TON of fun, free, new additions for all owners of The Sims 4, along with plenty of tweaks, fixes, and updates for your game. Read on…

NEW AND IMPROVED FEATURES

Terrain Tools

Terrain tools. Say it again. Terrain. Tools. Again! TERRAIN TOOLS!

They’re here! You can now build hills or dig ditches on your lot to your heart’s content. Your creative capabilities just received a massive boost, so get building! In Build Mode, simply navigate to where Terrain Paints previously existed, and click the shovel to get started. Need additional guidance? A new Build Mode lesson on Terrain Manipulation is available in-game to help explain the new tools step by step.

Foundation Updates

Previously, every building on a lot had to share the same foundation height. With today’s update, buildings that aren’t connected to each other can now have different foundation heights, or some may have no foundation at all!

We’ve also updated how you adjust the height your building’s foundation. Simply select any room and grab the new widget that appears in the center. By dragging it up or down you’ll find that it’s not only easier to use, but it’ll allow you to create buildings that soar to previously unattainable heights, or structures that are sunk down into the ground.

Additional Basement Levels

Were two basement levels two too few? You’re in luck; we’ve added two more! You can now build basements underneath your lot four levels deep.

Additional Half Wall Heights

We’ve added two more Half Wall heights. There’s the “Tall Half Wall – Medium Wall” and the “Tall Half Wall – Tall Wall”. Say that three times fast. What it really means, is that if you’re creating a building that uses Medium or Tall walls, these new Half-Walls will be perfect if you want walls that stop just short of the ceiling.

Getting philosophical for a moment… can these truly be called “Half Walls”? Maybe we should have called them “Partial Walls”.

First Person Camera

Ever wondered how your Sims view the world? Now you can play The Sims through their own eyes! It’s something you truly have to see to believe. The controls listed here provide everything you need to get started.

Shift + Tab

Left Arrow / Right Arrow

Left Mouse Button

Right Mouse Button

Shift Key (Hold)

Mouse Look

Ctrl Key

Mouse Wheel

Enter/Exit First Person Camera mode.

Change which Sim you’re currently controlling while in First Person Camera. (For those with The Sims 4 Cats & Dogs, you can even look through the eyes of your pets!)

Interact with the world.

Select the other side of doorways, walls, and floors. Allows traversal between rooms or across different floors.

Control the mouse cursor while in First Person Camera.

Move your view around, separate from where your Sim is currently looking.

Snap the camera back to where your Sim is looking.

Adjust the Field of View settings (useful if you experience motion sickness.)

New Career – Style Influencer

Terrain tools, a first person camera, and a new career?! You’re one lucky Simmer! Starting today you can live your fashionable Sim’s best possible life in the new Style Influencer career. You’ll start off small by observing fads and reporting on the latest trends, but it won’t be long before you’re defining new looks that are worn by Sims all around town, or giving makeovers to help other Sims look on fleek.

In addition, two brand new objects will help you progress through this career…

Sketchpad

The sketchpad is perfect for the artist on the go. Not only can you draw quick sketches when inspiration strikes, but it acts as a pocket canvas for painters. It’s the simplest way to go out into the world and create beautiful masterpieces that can be printed and hung on your wall.

Sims with level 2 Painting Skill can use the sketchpad to create a wide variety of new art. You’ll find it under the Illustrative Painting interaction on the sketchpad.

Style-Board

The style-board is your Sims’ collage of inspirational material. A collection of sketches, photos, patterns, and material comes to life as your Sim is influenced by the world around them. As your Sim refines their own personal style, the style-board can be updated to reflect the current looks you’re working to create.

New Clothing and Objects

We couldn’t simply release a Style Influencer career without offering some sleek new clothing and accessories to dress your Sims in. You’ll find the following new pieces available in Create a Sim*:

2 jackets; one for women, one for men

2 jeans; one adorned with rhinestones, and one that’s acid washed

2 necklaces; one gold chain, and one bedazzled collar

1 gold chain bracelet

1 pair of fingerless gloves

1 fiddler hat

1 pair of women’s heels

*Some of these pieces require progressing in the Style Influencer career before they unlock.

And while we’re being so fashion forward, we also went ahead and added a brand new dresser to store these clothes in, and a new wall mirror to admire your trendy outfits in.

Positivity Challenge

Millie Bobby Brown has arrived in The Sims world to challenge your Sims to complete the Positivity Challenge! This limited time event is active right now, but won’t be around forever… You have until December 4th, 2018 to participate. Simply use your Sim’s phone to call the Event Coordinator (surprise, it’s Millie Bobby Brown), and she’ll provide everything you need to start making your Sim’s neighborhood a better place for everyone.

By issuing a positivity challenge, you’ll unlock a brand new aspiration for your Sim. Various rewards are up for grabs with each tier of the aspiration you complete, culminating in a powerful new Kindness Ambassador trait bestowed by Millie Bobby Brown herself.

Now get out there and perform some good deeds!

Name Your Own Career

Has your Sim ever experienced the awkward situation of having to say they’re unemployed, when in reality they’re leading a financially successful lifestyle? Perhaps they run their own retail store? Or maybe they’re the proprietor of a grueling painting factory, selling mass-produced artwork for maximum profit (let’s be honest, we’ve all been there before.) Now you can name and describe their job title, so that each and every Sims’ money-making scheme will get the recognition it deserves. Simply use your Sim’s phone to Register with the Ministry of Labor, and type in whatever suits you.

First Time User Experience

We’ve added something that we call a “First Time User Experience” to the game. If you want to sound in the know, you can pronounce this as fuh-too-ey in casual conversations with your friends. Really, it’s a fancy way of saying that we created a completely new tutorial for new players. If you’re reading these patch notes, this feature probably isn’t for you. That said, if you’d like to experience the dulcet tones of actress and comedian Jessica Williams explaining how to play The Sims 4, then we invite you to give it a try.

Gallery Profile Updates

We’ve made some changes to the layout of user profiles on the gallery. Each player’s profile now has four large images that cycle through the content that they’ve uploaded. Content from other players that you’ve favorited no longer appears in your own profile feed. Finding content from other players that you’ve favorited can be done by going to your profile page, clicking on “View Catalog”, and then changing the “View Content By:” filter to “My Favorites”.

Whim Updates

There’s a new “Show Whims” option in the Gameplay Options menu that allows you to enable or disable whims… at your whim.

Simology Panel Updates

To help manage all of the information stored within the Simology panel, individual sections of this panel are now collapsible and expandable. This allows you to curate the information on display to only show what’s currently important to you.

Relationship Panel Updates

The Relationship panel has a new filter that allows you to see just your Coworkers. FIXES AND UPDATES

The Sims 4

The default sort for the Gallery was changed back to Newest, due to popular demand.

Placing wallpaper or floor tiles in Build Mode will no longer cause the frame rate to drop.

Fixed frame rate drops that would occur when converting a wall into a fence, if that wall was attached to a roof.

Using the basement tool will no longer interfere with placing floor tiles on the surface of a lot.

If a rounded deck piece has been rotated, attempting to delete the deck piece will no longer trigger an error, and bulldozing a lot with them will no longer cause the game to hang.

A number of exceptions which were occurring in Build Mode have been cleaned up.

Sims will be more discerning over who they decide is worth mourning when an NPC Sim passes away.

Gardening plants will need to be watered and weeded on a regular schedule once again.

Directing a Sim to water plants in a garden will no longer cause the Sim to fixate on watering the same plants over and over again, but instead will share the H2O with every plant that’s in need.

Birds of Paradise plants that are acquired from rare seed packets will now successfully blossom.

It seems our Sims went through a phase of being introverted; please excuse them. They’ve resumed socializing in Cafes, Bars, and Lounge venues.

The game will no longer occasionally accidentally think that a Sim is in the middle of aging up, which had previously prevented players from traveling or saving during this time.

Toddlers using the “Bedtime Story…” interaction while sitting on a bed will no longer cause routing issues or clipping with the selected adult Sim.

You may now hire a caterer during a social event by clicking on a Refrigerator or Stove, even if you chose not to hire a caterer while setting up the event.

Glass windows will once again be rendered properly on low graphics settings.

Playing with custom content should no longer cause icons in the Create a Sim catalog to occasionally appear sideways.

Your Sims’ neighbor’s toddlers were occasionally being imbued with a desire to go fishing. This was causing the toddler’s caregiver to appear, and let themselves into your home uninvited. Don’t ask how the two are connected, just know that toddlers won’t want to go fishing anymore, which in turn keeps these uninvited strangers out of your home.

Two Sims WooHooing on a bed that another Sim has claimed will no longer cause that other Sim to no longer claim the bed for sleeping.

The Tea Magic Personal Brewer was brewing worse and worse quality tea over time, until it could only produce poor tea. Not only did we fix that, but we discovered and fixed an underlying issue that was preventing Sims from ever brewing excellent quality tea. Enjoy your delicious tea!

Toddler’s portraits will no longer be grayed out and said to be “At Daycare” after an adult returns home.

Children can once again use their cell phone to take a photo of other Sims of different ages, and Sims of other ages can once again include children in their cell phone photos.

Screenshots for Mac users will no longer be upside down.

Removed the odd green tint in the outdoor lighting of two lots in Willow Creek.

The Match Hair option in Create a Sim will now correctly match eyebrows to the Sim’s hair color for children and toddlers.

Tuna Casseroles no longer have two Party serving sizes, and Vegetable Casseroles can now be cooked in a Family serving size.

The career hours of other Sims in your relationship panel will no longer disappear after your Sim travels.

Eating Semi-Firm Beet Noodles will no longer make vegetarian Sims sad.

The dining table that can be crafted by Sims with the Woodworking Skill will now provide a Nicely Decorated moodlet.

Shadows cast by windows will now render properly on graphics settings lower than Very High.

The “Jog to Clear Mind” interaction will now successfully complete the “Go for a Jog” whim.

The “Include Custom Content” filter in the Gallery now has a proper tooltip explaining its functionality.

Sims can now order Medicine or Voodoo Dolls on computers that exist on lots other than their own home lot.

Plant Sims will no longer have their hairstyle change when their Water Need raises or drops.

Wall Cutaway view will continue to function properly when adding a Sim to your active household while visiting an NPC household’s home lot.

Twins that are born from this point forward will now share the same birthday.

All whims related to grilling can now be successfully completed.

Lowered the number of social media followers gained when a Sim with level 10 Charisma skill uploads a viral video.

Children who need help from another Sim to spray a monster under their bed could previously only select from Adult aged Sims. They can now select from Sims of other ages as well.

Foundations on buildings were previously lit upside down. Now they’re lit right-side up!

Fixed a hang that could occur when favoriting a piece of content in the Gallery, and then favoriting that same piece of content a second time in the News Feed.

The Winter Holiday Venue Wall Speaker now has all four color variants available for players who do not also own The Sims 4 Get to Work.

Stairs without drop walls will cast shadows once again.

Submitting a Book Copy to the Literary Digest will no longer cause two versions of the interaction to be queued up, one of which caused the Sim to route fail.

Fixed some clipping issues with the Men’s Caribbean Suit.

Updated the Caribbean t-shirt so that choker necklaces remain visible while wearing it.

Updated the Sim Idol Rug to have a diamond pattern.

Large diagonal double doors will no longer overlap each other while held on the mouse cursor in Build Mode.

Improved the shadows cast by a variety of objects.

The Simology panel will now retain whatever height it was manually resized to when switching between Sims.

Shiny wooden floor tiles will now appear to be shiny both indoors and outdoors.

Bringing another Sim to tears using a violin will now cause that Sim to actually become sad.

Objects in the Wall Decorations category within Build Mode will now count towards the Wall Decor lot requirement for Museum venues.

That said, you still (intentionally) can’t travel or save when a Sim really is aging up… happy birthday!

Ok, but seriously… this is just rude. We live in a society people.

We’ll just go ahead and blame that one on aliens.

(On a personal note – Eating Semi-Firm Beet Noodles would make me pretty sad.)

Get to Work

Retail counters that become dirty can now be cleaned once again.

The “Lice Cold Retail Freezer”, and the “Cat Loves Food Inc. Professional Grade Warming Rack” will once again update their appearance when food is placed inside them.

The Grim Reaper will no longer become frozen in place if a Sim activates a Neighborhood Hivemind effect via the Scientist’s satellite while the reaping of a dead Sim is in progress.

Doctors will no longer be assigned a nurse’s outfit as their work clothes when reaching level 7 of their career.

As a detective, attempting to fingerprint a criminal that’s inside a jail cell will no longer cause the detective to idle in place.

Scolding a Sim for inappropriate behavior while on an owned retail lot will no longer cause your own Sim to become uninvited and unable to access the building’s interior on their retail lot.

Male Sims wearing steel toed boots paired with a skirt (It’s called fashion, look it up.) would previously have their legs disappear. Happily, we’ve fixed this.

Fixed an issue where changing the gender of an alien would cause the alien to appear naked.

Makes you think… Scientists had unwittingly invented a world without death, only for those of us at Maxis to meddle and take it away.

Get Together

Baristas will now leave the Cafe lot once their work shift is over.

Updated some Windenburg neighborhood skyboxes so that clouds no longer visibly clip with the mountains.

City Living

Plants at festivals will grow harvestables that are ripe for picking once again.

Haggling over prices with vendors at stalls will now result in the correct price being displayed that the household will actually be charged.

Holiday decorations (requires The Sims 4 Seasons) that can’t be removed will no longer appear on apartment balconies.

Tricksy little gnomes will no longer spawn outside your apartment unit during the Holiday Gnomes tradition (requires The Sims 4 Seasons).

Made improvements to simulation lag in certain San Myshuno neighborhoods.

If a Sim is at an event, such as the Opera, a Concert, a Musical, or the Circus, having another Sim travel will no longer cause the Sim at the event to leave the event early.

Sims will once again animate properly when busking for tips while playing the electronic keyboard.

This is also fixed in other packs that include vendor manned stalls.

Cats & Dogs

The needs of cats or dogs that live in another household will no longer start off low when your Sim visits their household.

Bathing a dog in the “Trap’s Trapezoid Tub” (Requires The Sims 4 Fitness Stuff) will now correctly fill the bathtub with water.

Updated the women’s hairstyle that’s long with a straight middle part to no longer cause clipping with Sims’ faces.

Fixed a t-shirt that was causing Sims’ elbows to bend in a very odd manner.

Seasons

Sims will no longer have difficulty decorating the Ever Delightful Evergreen Holiday Tree when it’s placed adjacent to certain wall decorations.

If a Sim is at work or school on the day of a holiday, they will no longer return home from work/school early if another Sim in the household travels somewhere during the holiday.

Sims may now WooHoo in leaf piles that build up outside of a lot.

Mac users who play in Laptop Mode, your Sweet Treats nightmare has come to an end. Plants in certain neighborhoods will no longer be rendered in shades of pink and purple during the Fall season.

Trees with leaves should be casting shadows once again, for players who were observing issues with certain hardware configurations.

When raining, NPCs will now correctly put their umbrellas away when going indoors on venues.

The Santa hat will no longer cast shadows on your Sim’s eyeballs.

Gnomes will no longer break unbreakable objects.

Toddler’s foreheads will no longer cause clipping when wearing certain hats from The Sims 4 Seasons.

Father Winter will no longer choose to move into a home in your town.

Each color of the “Umbri Umbrella Rack” now costs the same amount of simoleons to purchase.

Sims will no longer spawn in the neighborhood and idle in place during the Fall if there are no large leaf piles in the open streets area of the neighborhood.

Lightning will no longer strike pool lights, which previously caused singe marks in pools that could not be removed.

Outdoor Retreat

When using Manage Worlds to edit a lot in a destination world, the Build Mode catalog will no longer show debug items without using a cheat.

Sims will no longer have their position jump when exiting a tent.

Sims will no longer route fail when attempting to sit in a loveseat that’s been slotted to a campfire.

Spa Day

Changing into a towel at the Gym or Spa will no longer cause a Sim to occasionally wear additional accessories.

Sims will no longer become stuck when a yoga class starts on a Gym lot.

After a long, hard day of beekeeping (Requires The Sims 4 Seasons), Sims will now fully remove their beekeeper suit when heading to the sauna or massage table.

Dine Out

Repairmen that are called to restaurants will now properly fix any broken objects on the lot.

The Jazz radio station is now available on all stereos.

Vampires

Vampires will no longer attempt to “break in” to venues, which was previously preventing players from traveling or saving their game during the break in.

Vampires who started burning in the sunlight while traveling away from home, will no longer continue to burn when returning home and retreating inside.

Adjusting a Vampire’s Dark Form can no longer occasionally cause issues with the Sim’s other outfits.

Vampires will no longer automatically help themselves to a plate of food after cooking a Family or Party sized meal.

Parenthood

Table settings will no longer disappear when Sims sit down to eat.

The low hanging “Mason Multi-Jar Lighting” will no longer cause Sims to route fail when placed in rooms using medium height walls.

Jungle Adventure

Sims will no longer receive invites to the bar in Selvadorada, which would previously leave them stranded in the jungle.

Only one protective item will now be consumed at a time when it’s used to save a Sim from various animal attacks while exploring the jungle of Selvadorada.

The Latin Music radio station is now available to select on cheaper stereos.

The Cantina venue in Selvadorada will continue playing festive Latin music, even if your Sim chooses to not pay their household bills on time.

Sims will no longer route fail when attempting to unpack their sack lunch while exploring the hidden areas of Selvadorada.

The explorer shirt will no longer cause oddly colored patches of skin to appear on the back of Sims’ necks.

Tooltips on relics should now correctly appear after a Sim has learned about the relic’s curse or blessing.

The value of a relic that has a crystal inserted into it will now display properly in the relic’s tooltip to include the value of the crystal.

We tightened up the graphics on the Selvadorada map icon.

Movie Hangout Stuff

The “Projectotron Indoor & Outdoor Movie Screens” can no longer be placed on top of coffee tables or TV stands.

Kids Room Stuff

Songs on the Tween Pop radio station are now labeled with the correct artist and song title.

[pamphletstoinspire]

THE CANTICLE OF CANTICLES - SOLOMON'S CANTICLE OF CANTICLES - From The Douay-Rheims Bible - Latin Vulgate

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION.

This book is called the Canticle of Canticles, that is to say, the most excellent of all canticles: because it is full of high mysteries, relating to the happy union of Christ and his spouse; which is here begun by love; and is to be eternal in heaven. The spouse of Christ is the Church: more especially as to the happiest part of it, viz. perfect souls, every one of which is his beloved; but above all others, the immaculate and ever blessed Virgin mother. Ch. --- The bridegroom is Christ, as God and man. His praises and those of his spouse are recorded by various speakers. Solomon has given us three works; for beginners, the more advanced, and the perfect; as the philosophers teach ethics, physics, and metaphysics. All the holy Scriptures contain spiritual food, but they are not all fit for every person. Heb. v. 13. With what humility ought we not, therefore, to read this most perfect and mystical canticle, as the sentiments of spiritual love are expressed in the same words as that of worldlings, and we are more inclined to follow our own judgment and carnal notions! W. --- None, therefore, should dare to peruse this work, who has not mastered his passions, having his conversation in heaven. H. --- The Jews would not allow any ot read it before the age of thirty. Orig. and S. Jer. --- Some of the fathers and commentators have even asserted that the mystical sense is the only one which pertains to this book, (Theod. Durham. T.) and it is certainly the true and principal one, though allusion may be made to the marriage of Solomon with Pharao's daughter, (C. Bossuet. D.) or with a Tyrian princess, (c. iv. 8. and 3 K. xiii. 5.) or with Abisag. Rabbins. --- Grotius shews the corruption of his own heart in his impure comments, as Theodorus, of Mopsuestra, is blamed by the second Council of Const. iv. a. 68. The name of God never, indeed, occurs; as he is represented under the idea of the bridegroom, &c. and the piece is allegorical. It might be divided into seven scenes, or nights, as the marriage feast lasted so long. Gen. xxix. 22. During this time the bridegroom saw his spouse seldom, and with great reserve, (C.) as was the custom with the Lacedemonians. Plut. in Lyc. --- We might also refer all to six nights, or to the six ages of the Church, conformably to the system of De la Chetardie and Bishop Walmesley on the Apocalypse. --- I. Age. C. i. 2. marks the ascension of Christ, and the propagation of Christianity; v. 4. 5. persecutions; v. 6. 7. vocation of the Gentiles; v. 12. protection granted by Christ. II. C. ii. 3. peace under Constantine; v. 11. 17. troubles excited by Arius. III. C. iii. 1. irruption of barbarians; v. 4. does not overturn the Church; v. 6. they are converted; v. 11. and Christ is more glorified, as Apoc. xix. IV. C. iv. 5. the Latin and Greek Churches; v. 8. the Chaldees, lions, and Greeks, leopards, (Dan.) are converted; the Turks obtain dominion; v. 12. the Greek schismatics cut off: v. 16. the Church is persecuted, but protected. V. C. v. 2. Dew marks the cooling of charity, (S. Aug.) when Luther appeared; c. vi. 3. yet the Church triumphs, particularly after the Council of Trent. VI. C. vi. 9. after the sounding of the sixth trumpet, the Jews are converted, and adorn the Church, in spite of antichrist's power; v. 11. she addresses the synagogue, v. 12. C. viii. 2. obtains leave to go into the house of her mother, as the apostles were of Jewish extraction; v. 7. the constancy of the martyrs appears; (see Rondet.) v. 8-14. the Church pants for her speedy union with her beloved. We may justly admire her authority, in preserving this and the former work of the canon, notwithstanding the internal and external evidence, and the ill use made of them by infidels, which seemed to militate against them. The Prot. Chateillon styles this "a wicked book." Several passages may, no doubt, be abused by a corrupt heart: but what is there so holy, which may not be perverted? When we meditate on this canticle, we ought to remember the admonition given by the Church in the Mass: "Let hearts be on high;" and Oh! that all might answer with truth: "We have them to the Lord!"

The additional Notes in this Edition of the New Testament will be marked with the letter A. Such as are taken from various Interpreters and Commentators, will be marked as in the Old Testament. B. Bristow, C. Calmet, Ch. Challoner, D. Du Hamel, E. Estius, J. Jansenius, M. Menochius, Po. Polus, P. Pastorini, T. Tirinus, V. Bible de Vence, W. Worthington, Wi. Witham. — The names of other authors, who may be occasionally consulted, will be given at full length.

Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY

This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock's notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:

Greek letters. The original text sometimes includes Greek expressions spelled out in Greek letters. In this transcription, those expressions have been transliterated from Greek letters to English letters, put in italics, and underlined. The following substitution scheme has been used: A for Alpha; B for Beta; G for Gamma; D for Delta; E for Epsilon; Z for Zeta; E for Eta; Th for Theta; I for Iota; K for Kappa; L for Lamda; M for Mu; N for Nu; X for Xi; O for Omicron; P for Pi; R for Rho; S for Sigma; T for Tau; U for Upsilon; Ph for Phi; Ch for Chi; Ps for Psi; O for Omega. For example, where the name, Jesus, is spelled out in the original text in Greek letters, Iota-eta-sigma-omicron-upsilon-sigma, it is transliterated in this transcription as, Iesous. Greek diacritical marks have not been represented in this transcription.

Footnotes. The original text indicates footnotes with special characters, including the astrisk (*) and printers' marks, such as the dagger mark, the double dagger mark, the section mark, the parallels mark, and the paragraph mark. In this transcription all these special characters have been replaced by numbers in square brackets, such as [1], [2], [3], etc.

Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.

Other special characters.

Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as ---.

Ligatures, single characters containing two letters united, in the original text in some Latin expressions have been represented in this transcription as separate letters. The ligature formed by uniting A and E is represented as Ae, that of a and e as ae, that of O and E as Oe, and that of o and e as oe.

Monetary sums in the original text represented with a preceding British pound sterling symbol (a stylized L, transected by a short horizontal line) are represented in this transcription with a following pound symbol, l.

The half symbol (1/2) and three-quarters symbol (3/4) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.

Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber's copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].

Chapter 1

The spouse aspires to an union with Christ, their mutual love for one another.

[1] Let him kiss me with the kiss of his mouth: for thy breasts are better than wine,

SPONSA. Osculetur me osculo oris sui; quia meliora sunt ubera tua vino,

[2] Smelling sweet of the best ointments. Thy name is as oil poured out: therefore young maidens have loved thee.

fragrantia unguentis optimis. Oleum effusum nomen tuum; ideo adolescentulae dilexerunt te.

[3] Draw me: we will run after thee to the odour of thy ointments. The king hath brought me into his storerooms: we will be glad and rejoice in thee, remembering thy breasts more than wine: the righteous love thee.

CHORUS ADOLESCENTULARUM. Trahe me, post te curremus in odorem unguentorum tuorum. Introduxit me rex in cellaria sua; exsultabimus et laetabimur in te, memores uberum tuorum super vinum. Recti diligunt te.

[4] I am black but beautiful, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, as the tents of Cedar, as the curtains of Solomon.

SPONSA. Nigra sum, sed formosa, filiae Jerusalem, sicut tabernacula Cedar, sicut pelles Salomonis.

[5] Do not consider me that I am brown, because the sun hath altered my colour: the sons of my mother have fought against me, they have made me the keeper in the vineyards: my vineyard I have not kept.

Nolite me considerare quod fusca sim, quia decoloravit me sol. Filii matris meae pugnaverunt contra me; posuerunt me custodem in vineis : vineam meam non custodivi.

[6] shew me, O thou whom my soul loveth, where thou feedest, where thou liest in the midday, lest I begin to wander after the flocks of thy companions.

Indica mihi, quem diligit anima mea, ubi pascas, ubi cubes in meridie, ne vagari incipiam post greges sodalium tuorum.

[7] If thou know not thyself, O fairest among women, go forth, and follow after the steps of the flocks, and feed thy kids beside the tents of the shepherds.

SPONSUS. Si ignoras te, o pulcherrima inter mulieres, egredere, et abi post vestigia gregum, et pasce haedos tuos juxta tabernacula pastorum.

[8] To my company of horsemen, in Pharao's chariots, have I likened thee, O my love.

Equitatui meo in curribus Pharaonis assimilavi te, amica mea.

[9] Thy cheeks are beautiful as the turtledove's, thy neck as jewels.

Pulchrae sunt genae tuae sicut turturis; collum tuum sicut monilia.

[10] We will make thee chains of gold, inlaid with silver.

Murenulas aureas faciemus tibi, vermiculatas argento.

[11] While the king was at his repose, my spikenard sent forth the odour thereof.

SPONSA. Dum esset rex in accubitu suo, nardus mea dedit odorem suum.

[12] A bundle of myrrh is my beloved to me, he shall abide between my breasts.

Fasciculus myrrhae dilectus meus mihi; inter ubera mea commorabitur.

[13] A cluster of cypress my love is to me, in the vineyards of Engaddi.

Botrus cypri dilectus meus mihi in vineis Engaddi.

[14] Behold thou art fair, O my love, behold thou art fair, thy eyes are as those of doves.

SPONSUS. Ecce tu pulchra es, amica mea! ecce tu pulchra es! Oculi tui columbarum.

[15] Behold thou art fair, my beloved, and comely. Our bed is flourishing.

SPONSA. Ecce tu pulcher es, dilecte mi, et decorus! Lectulus noster floridus.

[16] The beams of our houses are of cedar, our rafters of cypress trees.

Tigna domorum nostrarum cedrina, laquearia nostra cypressina.

Commentary:

Canticles. Heb. shir hashirim asher Lishlomo, "the Canticle of Canticles which is for (H.) or according to Solomon," (M.) dictated to him by the Holy Ghost.

Ver. 1. Let. Heb. yishakeni, (H.) "kiss or instruct me," as if to insinuate the we must raise our thoughts from carnal to spiritual things. --- The. Heb. "kisses." --- His mouth. Others I reject. M. --- The synagogue prays for Christ's coming, as the Church does for his glorious appearance. W. --- The figures of the law and predictions afford not satisfaction; only the Messias can bring it to mankind. Orig. --- They shall all be taught by God. Jo. vi. 45. Heb. i. 2. H. --- Breasts. Heb. also, "loves." But the former is the primary signification of (M.) dodec. Christ, in his divine and human nature, is the source of all our good. His graces are manifested. He instructs and feeds us with the truths contained in Scripture, and in tradition, (H.) or in the Old and New Testament. Ven. Bede, &c. --- Spiritual delights are to be preferred before all terrestrial ones. From the incarnation of Christ, and sanctification of man, all other graces proceed. T. --- At first the spouse speaks to the bridegroom in the third person, to show her respect, though he was certainly present. Her companions attend her. C. --- Wine. All seem to agree that these words are addressed to the bridegroom: which shews that they must be understood in the mystical sense. H.

Ver. 2. Ointments. The bosom used to be perfumed. Athen. xv. 5. and xv. 14. --- Thy name. Thou thyself. The preaching of the gospel produced a wonderful change in the world. 2 Cor. ii. 15. C. --- The Church honours the name of Jesus on the second Sunday after the Epiphany. A. Butler, p. 130. H. --- Thee. The martyrs and Christian virgins are inflamed with divine love.

Ver. 3-4. To, &c. is in the Sept.; but not in Heb. or Complut. C. --- Grace must draw, and then people will run. Jo. vi. 44. and xii. 32. Phil. iii. 12. S. Amb. Bossuet. --- Rooms. Where there is abundance of wine and ointments. The extraordinary favours of heaven are not granted to all. Matt. xiii. 11. C. --- Righteous. The apostles, and faithful souls, (H.) and all who form a right judgment of things, (M.) having their thoughts, works, and actions composed. T. --- Black. Or brown. v. 5. H. --- The Egyptians were of a less fair complexion, and she had been exposed to the sun. v. 5. C. --- The synagogue gloried in her advantages; but the Gentiles being chosen by Christ, obtain the palm. Theod. --- Though outwardly afflicted, the Church is inwardly fair. W. --- Cedar. Or of the Arabs, who dwelt in tents, made of black goat's hair. C. --- The tents of the eastern kings were equal in magnificence to our palaces. Bernier, Valle, &c.

Ver. 5. Altered. Heb. "looked upon me," (Prot.) or "darted his rays at me." Mont. H. --- The Church of the Gentiles was quite disfigured before Christ chose it. Persecutors afterwards strove to tarnish its beauty, but in vain. --- Vineyard. My face (C.) and person I have not regarded, while I was attentive to serve others. H. --- Pastors, who are chosen against their will, sometimes pay so much attention to the welfare of their flock, that they neglect their own interior, and fall into small faults, which Christ will know how to excuse and pardon. Ezec. xxxiii. 2. S. Bern. ser. xxx. C.

Ver. 6. Liest. Heb. "makest thy flock to rest." Prot. H. --- Mid-day. She represents herself and her beloved as guarding flocks, which were usually driven into some shady place during the heat of the day, when the shepherds took their innocent recreations. --- Wander. Sept. Prot. But marginal note has, "as one that is veiled," which was the mark of a common woman. Gen. xxxviii. 14. The Gentile Church is eager to be guided by the one true Shepherd, and adheres to him with the greatest fervour, (C.) during the heat of persecution. Cassiod. --- We ought to imitate the solicitude of the spouse, and hide ourselves under the shadow of the cross when we are tempted. Isai. xxv. 4. C.

Ver. 7. If. Christ comforts his Church. W. --- He doubts not of her fidelity. M. --- But the very insinuation, which she had made, causes him to give her this sort of rebuke. God is jealous. Ex. xxxiv. 14. He punishes the smallest faults. The spouse perceives this, and runs towards him. --- Thyself. He who is ignorant of himself, must be so likewise of God, (C.) and will be sentenced to feed goats. S. Jer. ep. xxii. ad Eustoc. --- Kids. Which had been detained at home. They will naturally seek their mothers. All creatures will raise the soul to God. Job xii. --- Shepherds. Though in the midst of a perverse generation of idolaters and philosophers, the Church will continue steadfast. M.

Ver. 8. Company. Heb. "mare." Such were preferred, as more gentle and swift. Pharao had probably made his son-in-law a present of a magnificent chariot. Theocritus (xviii.) compares the beauty of Helena to a Thessalian horse in a chariot, so that this idea is not low. Gen. xliv. 14. Os. x. 11. C. --- Horsemen. Prot. "horses." H. --- Heb. susa. Sept. h ippoV means also "cavalry," as well as a mare. The Church has nothing to fear. M.

Ver. 9. As, &c. Heb. "with rows of jewels, thy neck with chains of gold." Prot. --- Sept. here read like the Vulg. c instead of b before thurim, which signifies chains, (v. 10. H.) as well as turtles. We cannot say that this bird has cheeks. C. --- It is an emblem of the Church mourning, and ever true to her beloved, (Orig. &c.) who bestows a variety of graces on different people. 1 Cor. xii. 4. C.

Ver. 11. While. The Church meditates on his passion and resurrection. W. --- Repose. Or bed. Thus our Saviour was treated. Matt. xxvi. 7. Lu. vii. 37. C. --- Odour. The virtues of the Church please him. M. --- The saints, before and since his coming, pray with all earnestness. Apoc. v. 8.

Ver. 12. Abide. Heb. adds, "all night." Christ remained nine months in the virgin's womb. C. --- The faithful discover him in both the Testaments, (H.) and meditate on his sufferings. Myrrh is a bitter but odoriferous liquor.

Ver. 13. Cyprus. A shrub with leaves like the olive-tree, and fruit growing in clusters, of a very agreeable smell. See Pliny, xii. 24. Christ has given us his sacred blood on the cross, and in the blessed Eucharist. M.

Ver. 14. Behold. Christ praiseth his spouse. W. --- Doves. Sharp-sighted, and reddish. Gen. xlix. 12. The Holy Ghost came upon Christ in the form of a dove. Matt. iii. 16. We must imitate his simplicity, (Matt. x. 16.) and have a pure and single eye, or intention, (Matt. vi. 22. C.) inviolably to please God. Orig. --- The Church decides matters of controversy, without any mistakes. M.

Ver. 15. Behold. The spouse makes a return of praise, and thanksgiving for her repose, to Christ. W. --- The corporal beauty of Solomon or of our Saviour is not fully ascertained; but their inward perfections are often proclaimed. --- Flourishing. Heb. "green." Sept. "shaded." Est. i. 5. --- This bed was the womb of the blessed Virgin, the cross, or any faithful soul. S. Bernard says it is a monastery, retired and adorned with all virtues. C.

Ver. 16. Beams. Prelates. --- Rafters. Virtuous subjects. M. - Cypress. The are both odoriferous and incorruptible. The cypress has leaves from top to bottom, and grows not so large as the cedar. Pliny, xii. 17.

[poetryofchrist]

Will the real rules please stand up?

 One of my pandemic projects is to map the differences between a pointed and an unpointed text of the Hebrew Bible. I am doing this using the very memorable and capable left to right version of the square text called SimHebrew. 

I had 'my own version' of a left-to right abbreviation  in capital letters and with a few punctuation marks for the gutturals aleph and ayin. But I converted to the lower case version developed by Jonathan Orr-Stav. (Such a Latin-letter code is an abbreviation because it takes one byte as opposed to 7 bytes in rendered Unicode, and one byte as opposed to 2 internally. Using a Unicode database is really awkward for me and the technology was new 10 years ago so it was a non-starter.) 

My method of data capture is to use the unpointed Mechon-Mamre text that can be downloaded from their site (one book at a time) and to run it through the SimHebrew converter here. Then to manipulate the text in notepad until I have legitimate insert statements for my database. This is somewhat prone to error but eventually I get a clean script. (I use a combination of Word and Notepad for the necessary global changes.)

After this I create a temporary table that matches: book, chapter, a conversion of the alef-betic verse number to a real verse number, and a word by word Hebrew word in SimHebrew, full pointed text word from the Leningrad codex, the stem code, raw word form, and semantic domain from my database, the word number relative to the start of the verse, and the word id (assigned by an Oracle sequence and connecting to my word table).

I recently added 2 Kings to my data. At first I assigned the wrong chapter numbers - a little oversight. That resulted in over 5000 differences in my calculations. When I fixed the issue, the differences went down to about 230. I then discovered that M-M is treating דִּבְיוֹנִ֖ים (dbivn) which they render as dung of a dove as two words (db ivnh - apparently a poor substitute for salt). Fixing those 4 instances dropped my mismatches by 100. Then word by word I work through the remainder until the differences are accounted for.

My program that calculates the words also suggests a code snippet that will fix any discrepancy (as long as I put it in the right place in the code.) The program as it stands gets 99% of the words right on first pass now. So my predicted SimHebrew Bible is about 99% right. Sorry - for the Bible, that's not good enough.

About this time in the history of the project, I ask, Is there a better way? I know I can finish the way I have begun and my brute force spelling changes are next to 0. I have over a third of the words in my test data now and over 75% of the stems represented. But the code is specific to prefix and suffix and sometimes to particular vowel combinations in the WLC. What are the real rules? 

Native speakers who 'just know' the pronunciation - what are they really doing? Certainly they have retention in memory by word form, by context, and by stem. But can I get the program to discover the shortcuts that people use? And in some ways see what they are doing. (And thereby discover the nature of the evolution of language usage.)

Here's an example: the 31 uses so far of עצר (yxr)

For yxr, the following rules are noted. 

First you see that the holem is rendered as /o/ in lines 1 and 2 and others. This is default, but some words with some exceptions do not render the o. 

Next (line 3) you will note that the qamats is not rendered as /o/ (or vav for rtl Hebrew) but it is in line 4, but the qamats under the second letter of the stem is rendered with prefix /i/ and /t/ in each case without suffix. 

Tsere is rendered as /i/ in line 6 and 12 - but only the tsere under the last letter of the prefix. (I would like to color code these but the new editor absolutely ruins rtl display with embedded color coding.) 

Notice that the final h is dropped in line 19. 

Lines 26 and 27 would have rendered the qamats in the closed syllable as /o/ if the suffix had not been /u/. That's a general rule - but there are exceptions here too and exceptions to the exceptions.

Ref (book: chap: vs: (word within vs)

Stem

Word Form

Morph

Sim Source

Sim Calc.

WLC Word

Domain

Rendering

  2 Chronicles 14:10(30)

yxr

iyxr

i/yxr

-iyxvr

-iyxor

־יַעְצֹר

BOUND

יעצר will coerce

1 Chronicles 29:14(7)

yxr

nyxr

n/yxr

-nyxvr

-nyxor

־נַעְצֹר

BOUND

נעצר contained of

2 Chronicles 13:20(2)

yxr

yxr

yxr

-yxr

-yxr

־עָצַר

BOUND

עצר did coerce

2 Kings 4:24(9)

yxr

tyxr

t/yxr

-tyxvr

-tyxor

־תַּעֲצָר

BOUND

תעצר do detain

2 Chronicles 7:13(2)

yxr (5)

ayxr

a/yxr

ayxvr

ayxor

אֶעֱצֹר

BOUND

אעצר I contain

1 Kings 8:35(1)

yxr

bhyxr

bh/yxr

bhiyxr

bhiyxr

בְּהֵעָצֵר

BOUND

בהעצר when is contained

2 Chronicles 6:26(1)

yxr

bhyxr

bh/yxr

bhiyxr

bhiyxr

בְּהֵעָצֵר

BOUND

בהעצר when are contained

Amos 5:21(6)

yxr

byxrticm

b/yxr\ticm

byxrvticm

byxroticm

בְּעַצְּרֹתֵיכֶם

COVENANT

בעצרתיכם in your conclaves

2 Kings 9:8(9)

yxr

vyxvr

v/yxvr

vyxvr

vyxur

וְעָצוּר

BOUND

ועצור the contained

1 Kings 21:21(11)

yxr (10)

vyxvr

v/yxvr

vyxvr

vyxur

וְעָצוּר

BOUND

ועצור the contained

Proverbs 30:16(2)

yxr

vyxr

v/yxr

vyvxr

vyoxr

וְעֹצֶר

BOUND

ועצר and contained

1 Chronicles 21:22(17)

yxr

vtyxr

vt/yxr

vtiyxr

vtiyxr

וְתֵעָצַר

BOUND

ותעצר that may be contained

2 Kings 17:4(20)

yxr

viyxrhv

vi/yxr\hv

viyxrhv

viyxrhu

וַיַּעַצְרֵהוּ

BOUND

ויעצרהו so detained him

Job 4:2(5)

yxr

vyxr

v/yxr

vyxvr

vyxor

וַעְצֹר

BOUND

ועצר but contain

Psalms 106:30(4)

yxr (15)

vtyxr

vt/yxr

vtiyxr

vtiyxr

וַתֵּעָצַר

BOUND

ותעצר and was contained

Job 12:15(2)

yxr

iyxr

i/yxr

iyxvr

iyxor

יַעְצֹר

BOUND

יעצר he contains

2 Chronicles 2:5(2)

yxr

iyxr

i/yxr

iyxvr

iyxor

יַעֲצָר

BOUND

יעצר contains

1 Kings 18:44(19)

yxr

iyxrch

i/yxr\ch

iyxvrç

iyxorc

יַעַצָרְכָה

BOUND

יעצרכה detain you

2 Chronicles 22:9(27)

yxr

lyxr

l/yxr

lyxvr

lyxor

לַעְצֹר

BOUND

לעצר to coerce

Psalms 107:39(3)

yxr (20)

myxr

m/yxr

myvxr

myoxr

מֵעֹצֶר

BOUND

מעצר through coercion of

Proverbs 25:28(8)

yxr

myxr

m/yxr

myxr

myxr

מַעְצָר

BOUND

מעצר containment

2 Chronicles 7:9(4)

yxr

yxrt

yxr\t

yxrt

yxrt

עֲצָרֶת

COVENANT

עצרת a conclave

Joel 1:14(4)

yxr

yxrh

yxr\h

yxrh

yxrh

עֲצָרָה

COVENANT

עצרה a conclave

Joel 2:15(7)

yxr

yxrh

yxr\h

yxrh

yxrh

עֲצָרָה

COVENANT

עצרה a conclave

2 Kings 10:20(4)

yxr (25)

yxrh

yxr\h

yxrh

yxrh

עֲצָרָה

COVENANT

עצרה a conclave

Job 29:9(2)

yxr

yxrv

yxr\v

yxrv

yxru

עָצְרוּ

BOUND

עצרו contained

2 Chronicles 20:37(19)

yxr

yxrv

yxr\v

yxrv

yxru

עָצְרוּ

BOUND

עצרו could be coerced

2 Kings 14:26(10)

yxr

yxvr

yxvr

yxvr

yxur

עָצוּר

BOUND

עצור coercion

Jeremiah 36:5(7)

yxr

yxvr

yxvr

yxur

yxur

עָצוּר

BOUND

עצור am detained

1 Chronicles 12:1(7)

yxr (30)

yxvr

yxvr

yxvr

yxur

עָצוּר

BOUND

עצור he contained himself

1 Kings 14:10(12)

yxr

yxvr

yxvr

yxvr

yxur

עָצוּר

BOUND

עצור those who are contained

All that is pretty straightforward. But what are the real rules? 

Some of my rules are miles long conditions; strings of stems with prefix and suffix combinations and the occasional appeal to an odd Unicode value. 

The 'rules' are long for when to render hireq as /i/.

200 distinct stems which do not contain a yod are allowed to render hireq as yod without exception.

Another 281 allow hireq as yod on an exception basis.

Only 7 stems containing a yod disallow hireq as yod.

Another 46 disallow it on an exception basis.

Hireq is usually ignored in a closed syllable - but there are exceptions and exceptions by word form to the exceptions (only 8 stems).

Hireq is rendered as /ii/ for several reasons. When the prefix is i, and for tsere, patah, and qamats occasionally. What! these also are rendered as o or v sometimes. Who can know?

Any ideas?

I have been debating whether to design a data table for the rule combinations. I don't want to do it unless I cannot simplify the code. Last time I asked I discovered several simplifications. Looking for more...

Here's the rule for qamats becoming vav (RTL) or /o/ (SIM): I have converted the code to 'English'

Unconditionally for stems ahl, anih, arc, avn, bvw, ctl, grn, iq+n, iqwn, irqym, nvh, rnn, yziali, zvh, 

(+ is my single letter internal abbreviation for tet ט.)

or the stem is +rk and prefix suffix combination in (none, cm) 

or the stem is +hr and prefix suffix combination in (none, t, c, t)

or the stem is abd and prefix suffix combination in (b, n)

or the stem is acl and prefix suffix combination in (l, h, b, nu) 

or the stem is adm and v_prefix = m and the first part of the word is m with a schwa

or the stem is amn and the word form is amn and there is no tsere under the second stem letter

or prefix suffix combination = b, h

or the stem is ark and v_suffix in (ti, vt)

or the stem is bit and v_suffix in (icm)

or the stem is bzz and prefix suffix combination in (i, vm)

or the stem is cvl and prefix suffix combination in (v, clu)

or the stem is csh and prefix suffix combination in (none, u)

or the stem is dbr and prefix suffix combination in (b, c) 

or the stem is gal and prefix suffix combination in (l, c)

or the stem is gbh and prefix suffix combination = l, h

or the stem is gml and prefix suffix combination in (none, h,none, c) 

or the stem is hrh and prefix suffix combination in (vh, tihm)

or the stem is ivn and prefix suffix combination in (none, none)

or the stem is iwr and prefix suffix combination in (none, o, b, o)

or the stem is imn and prefix suffix combination in (m, none)

or the stem is isd and prefix suffix combination in (b, i)

or the stem is knn and not (suffix in (u) and there's a qamats under the second letter) and the domain is not in (PERSON, LOCATION)

or the stem is kq and v_suffix not in (u)

or the stem is kgg and prefix suffix combination in (none, i) 

or the stem is krb and prefix suffix combination in (none, h, l, h) 

or the stem is krm and prefix suffix combination in (none, h, vb, h) 

or the stem is kwc and prefix suffix combination in (none, i) 

or the stem is kzq and prefix suffix combination in (b, h, b, nu) 

or the stem is lcd and prefix suffix combination in (l, h) 

or the stem is mlc and prefix suffix combination in (l, o, b, o, c, o) 

or the stem is mvt and prefix suffix combination in (h, h) 

or the stem is pyl and prefix suffix combination in (c, h) 

or the stem is q+n and prefix suffix combination in (none, i)

or the stem is qdw and v_suffix in (im, iv)

or the stem is qra and prefix suffix combination in (none, nu, none, ic, none, im) 

or the stem is qrk and prefix suffix combination is none, h

or the stem is rb  and prefix suffix combination in (b, none) 

or the stem is sll and prefix suffix combination in (none, vh) 

or the stem is rbb and prefix suffix combination in (v, none)

or the stem is rbb and prefix suffix combination in (hb, none)

or the stem is rkb and prefix suffix combination not in (none, none)

or the stem is rkx and prefix suffix combination in (l, h)

or the stem is tmm and prefix suffix combination in (b, none) and the first two letters of the word are not m

or the stem is wby and prefix suffix combination in (m, h, l, h) 

or the stem is wcb and prefix suffix combination in (b, o) 

or the stem is wcr and prefix suffix combination is l, h

or the stem is wdd and prefix suffix combination in (i, m)

or the stem is wmr and prefix suffix combination in (a, none,vl, h,none, h)

or the stem is wp+ and prefix suffix combination in (none, h) 

or the stem is wr and suffix in (c, rc)

or the stem is wrw and prefix suffix combination in (none, ih) 

or the stem is xrp and prefix suffix combination in (none, h) 

or the stem is ybd and prefix suffix combination in (l, h)

or the stem is yni and prefix suffix combination in (none, nu) 

or the stem is yzz and prefix suffix combination in (none, i) 

or the stem is zcr and prefix suffix combination in (b, nu) 

or the stem is yzr and prefix suffix combination in (l, ni, l, u,none, ni,none, nu)

then

the qamats under the first letter of the stem becomes /o/.

And by the way if the stem is qdw and v_suffix in (im) then the schwa under the first letter becomes /o/!

(or maybe only v)

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[pamphletstoinspire]

Book Of Genesis - From The Latin Vulgate (1859 - Haydock Translation of The Roman Catholic Bible) - Chapter 20

INTRODUCTION.

The Hebrews now entitle all the Five Books of Moses, from the initial words, which originally were written like one continued word or verse; but the Sept. have preferred to give the titles the most memorable occurrences of each work. On this occasion, the Creation of all things out of nothing, strikes us with peculiar force. We find a refutation of all the heathenish mythology, and of the world’s eternity, which Aristotle endeavoured to establish. We behold the short reign of innocence, and the origin of sin and misery, the dispersion of nations, and the providence of God watching over his chosen people, till the death of Joseph, about the year 2369 (Usher) 2399 (Sal. and Tirin) B.C. 1631. We shall witness the same care in the other Books of Scripture, and adore his wisdom and goodness in preserving to himself faithful witnesses, and a true Holy Catholic Church, in all ages, even when the greatest corruption seemed to overspread the land. H.

—————————-

This Book is so called from its treating of the Generation, that is, of the Creation and the beginning of the world. The Hebrews call it Bereshith, from the word with which it begins. It contains not only the History of the Creation of the World, but also an account of its progress during the space of 2369 years, that is, until the death of Joseph.

The additional Notes in this Edition of the New Testament will be marked with the letter A. Such as are taken from various Interpreters and Commentators, will be marked as in the Old Testament. B. Bristow, C. Calmet, Ch. Challoner, D. Du Hamel, E. Estius, J. Jansenius, M. Menochius, Po. Polus, P. Pastorini, T. Tirinus, V. Bible de Vence, W. Worthington, Wi. Witham. — The names of other authors, who may be occasionally consulted, will be given at full length.

Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY

This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock’s notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock’s Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:

Greek letters. The original text sometimes includes Greek expressions spelled out in Greek letters. In this transcription, those expressions have been transliterated from Greek letters to English letters, put in italics, and underlined. The following substitution scheme has been used: A for Alpha; B for Beta; G for Gamma; D for Delta; E for Epsilon; Z for Zeta; E for Eta; Th for Theta; I for Iota; K for Kappa; L for Lamda; M for Mu; N for Nu; X for Xi; O for Omicron; P for Pi; R for Rho; S for Sigma; T for Tau; U for Upsilon; Ph for Phi; Ch for Chi; Ps for Psi; O for Omega. For example, where the name, Jesus, is spelled out in the original text in Greek letters, Iota-eta-sigma-omicron-upsilon-sigma, it is transliterated in this transcription as, Iesous. Greek diacritical marks have not been represented in this transcription.

Footnotes. The original text indicates footnotes with special characters, including the astrisk (*) and printers’ marks, such as the dagger mark, the double dagger mark, the section mark, the parallels mark, and the paragraph mark. In this transcription all these special characters have been replaced by numbers in square brackets, such as [1], [2], [3], etc.

Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.

Other special characters.

Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as .

Ligatures, single characters containing two letters united, in the original text in some Latin expressions have been represented in this transcription as separate letters. The ligature formed by uniting A and E is represented as Ae, that of a and e as ae, that of O and E as Oe, and that of o and e as oe.

Monetary sums in the original text represented with a preceding British pound sterling symbol (a stylized L, transected by a short horizontal line) are represented in this transcription with a following pound symbol, l.

The half symbol (½) and three-quarters symbol (¾) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.

Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber’s copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].

Chapter 20

Abraham sojourned in Gerara: Sara is taken into king Abimelech's house, but by God's commandment is restored untouched.

[1] Abraham removed from thence to the south country, and dwelt between Cades and Sur, and sojourned in Gerara. Profectus inde Abraham in terram australem, habitavit inter Cades et Sur : et peregrinatus est in Geraris.

[2] And he said of Sara his wife: She is my sister. So Abimelech the king of Gerara sent, and took her. Dixitque de Sara uxore suo : Soror mea est. Misit ergo Abimelech rex Gerarae, et tulit eam.

[3] And God came to Abimelech in a dream by night, and he said to him: Lo thou shalt die for the woman thou hast taken: for she hath a husband. Venit autem Deus ad Abimelech per somnium nocte, et ait illi : En morieris propter mulierem quam tulisti : habet enim virum.

[4] Now Abimelech had not touched her, and he said: Lord, wilt thou slay a nation, that is ignorant and just? Abimelech vero non tetigerat eam, et ait : Domine, num gentem ignorantem et justam interficies?

[5] Did not he say to me: She is my sister: and she say, He is my brother? in the simplicity of my heart, and cleanness of my hands have I done this. nonne ipse dixit mihi : Soror mea est : et ipsa ait : Frater meus est? In simplictate cordis mei, et munditia manuum mearum feci hoc.

[6] And God said to him: And I know that thou didst it with a sincere heart: and therefore I withheld thee from sinning against me, and I suffered thee not to touch her. Dixitque ad eum Deus : Et ego scio quod simplici corde feceris : et ideo custodivi te ne peccares in me, et non dimisi ut tangeres eam.

[7] Now therefore restore the man his wife, for he is a prophet: and he shall pray for thee, and thou shalt live: but if thou wilt not restore her, know that thou shalt surely die, thou and all that are thine. Nunc ergo redde viro suo uxorem, quia propheta est : et orabit pro te, et vives : si autem nolueris reddere, scito quod morte morieris tu, et omnia quae tua sunt.

[8] And Abimelech forthwith rising up in the night, called all his servants: and spoke all these words in their hearing, and all the men were exceedingly afraid. Statimque de nocte consurgens Abimelech, vocavit omnes servos suos : et locutus est universa verba haec in auribus eorum, timueruntque omnes viri valde.

[9] And Abimelech called also for Abraham, and said to him: What hast thou done to us? what have we offended thee in, that thou hast brought upon me and upon my kingdom a great sin? thou hast done to us what thou oughtest not to do. Vocavit autem Abimelech etiam Abraham, et dixit ei : Quid fecisti nobis? quid peccavimus in te, quia induxisti super me et super regnum meum peccatum grande? quae non debuisti facere, fecisti nobis.

[10] And again he expostulated with him, and said, What sawest thou, that thou hast done this? Rursumque expostulans, ait : Quid vidisti, ut hoc faceres?

[11] Abraham answered: I thought with myself, saying: Perhaps there is not the fear of God in this place: and they will kill me for the sake of my wife: Respondit Abraham : Cogitavi mecum, dicens : Forsitan non est timor Dei in loco isto : et interficient me propter uxorem meam :

[12] Howbeit, otherwise also she is truly my sister, the daughter of my father, and not the daughter of my mother, and I took her to wife. alias autem et vere soror mea est, filia patris mei, et non filia matris meae, et duxi eam in uxorem.

[13] And after God brought me out of my father's house, I said to her: Thou shalt do me this kindness: In every place, to which we shall come, thou shalt say that I am thy brother. Postquam autem eduxit me Deus de domo patris mei, dixi ad eam : Hanc misericordiam facies mecum : in omni loco, ad quem ingrediemur, dices quod frater tuus sim.

[14] And Abimelech took sheep and oxen, and servants and handmaids, and gave to Abraham: and restored to him Sara, his wife. Tulit igitur Abimelech oves et boves, et servos et ancillas, et dedit Abraham : reddiditque illi Saram uxorem suam,

[15] And said: The land is before you, dwell wheresoever it shall please thee. et ait : Terra coram vobis est, ubicumque tibi placuerit habita.

[16] And to Sara he said: Behold I have given thy brother a thousand pieces of silver: this shall serve thee for a covering of thy eyes to all that are with thee, and whithersoever thou shalt go: and remember thou wast taken. Sarae autem dixit : Ecce mille argenteos dedi fratri tuo, hoc erit tibi in velamen oculorum ad omnes qui tecum sunt, et quocumque perrexeris : mementoque te deprehensam.

[17] And when Abraham prayed, God healed Abimelech and his wife, and his handmaids, and they bore children: Orante autem Abraham, sanavit Deus Abimelech et uxorem, ancillasque ejus, et pepererunt :

[18] For the Lord had closed up every womb of the house of Abimelech on account of Sara, Abraham's wife. concluserat enim Dominus omnem vulvam domus Abimelech propter Saram uxorem Abrahae.

Commentary:

Ver. 1. Gerara; at a greater distance from the devoted country of Sodom. H.

Ver. 2. He said to the king, and to all others who made inquiry, as it was his custom, whenever he came into a strange land, v. 13. He was encouraged to do this, by the protection which God had shewn him in Egypt. --- Took her, against her will, as Pharao had done. H. --- Though she was ninety years old, and with child, her beauty was still extraordinary, the Rabbin think miraculous. At that time people lived above 120 years; so that at the age of ninety, she would only be about as near the end of her life as our women are at forty; and we often see people sufficiently attracting at that age. C.

Ver. 3. Abimelech. This was an usual title of kings in Chanaan, and a very good one, to remind them and their subjects, of their obligations, (H.) as it means "my father the king." The behaviour of the prince shews, that as yet all sense of duty and knowledge of the true God was not banished from the country. C. --- Shalt die, unless thou restore the woman, whom thou hast taken by force; on whose account I have already afflicted thee, (v. 7. 17.) and thus prevented thee from touching her. This testimony was more requisite, that there might be no doubt respecting Isaac's legitimacy. H.

Ver. 5. He say, &c. The pronouns in Heb. are printed very incorrectly. --- He is my sister; and she, even he, said. Ken.

Ver. 6. Sincere heart, abhorring adultery, but not altogether innocent. M.

Ver. 7. A prophet. One under my particular care, to whom I reveal many things. --- He shall pray for thee. Behold, God will sometimes grant, at the request of his saints, what he would deny even such as Abimelech or the friends of Job. Is not this sufficient encouragement for us, to have recourse to the intercession of the saints? And can any one be so foolish as to pretend this is making gods of them, and shewing them an idolatrous worship? H.

Ver. 8. In the night, (de nocte) or "as soon as it began to dawn." Sept.

Ver. 9. Why, &c. He expostulates with him in a friendly but earnest manner. --- A great sin, or punishment, (M.) v. 18, and exposed me to the danger of committing adultery. Abraham might have answered, this would have been his own fault, as he could not have done it without offering violence to Sara, in whose chastity he could confide. Having an opportunity here to vindicate himself, Abraham speaks freely, which he was not allowed to do in Egypt. G. xii. 20.

Ver. 12. My sister, or niece, according to those who say she was daughter of Aran, who thus must have had a different mother from Abraham; (M.) or, as we rather think, Sara was truly his half-sister, born of Thare by another wife. His adding truly, seems to restrain it to this sense; and we know that in those countries, marriages of such near relations were allowed, though not when both had the same parents. Why should we not, therefore, believe Abraham, who certainly knew the real state of the question, and who would not tell a lie, rather than seek for improbable and far-fetched solutions? Said, who lived eight hundred years ago, mentions the name of Jona, Abraham's mother, as well as that of Tehevita, who bore Sara to Thare. The Hebrews, in general, give this explanation. C. --- By calling Sara his sister without any addition, Abraham intended that the people should conclude he was not married; therefore he did not say she was his half-sister, as this would have frustrated his design, if, as Clem. Alex. asserts, such might and did marry under the law of nature. H. --- Philo observes, the Athenian legislator, Solon, sanctioned the same practice, which was followed also by the Phœnicians. C.

Ver. 14. Gave, by way of satisfaction, for having detained his wife; as also to shew his respect for him who was a prophet. 1 Kings ix. 7. H.

Ver. 16. Thy brother, as thou hast agreed to call thy husband. --- Pieces, or sicles of silver, worth a little above 2s. 3d. each; total ￡113 sterling. --- A covering, or veil, to shew thou art married, and prevent thee from being taken by any one hereafter. It was to be so rich, that all might know her quality. S. Paul (1 Cor. xi. 5. 15.) orders women to be covered. C.

Ver. 17. Healed. It is not known how God afflicted Abimelech; but the women could not be delivered during the short time that Sara was detained: on her being set at liberty, they bore children. M.

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Book Of Genesis - From The Latin Vulgate (1859 - Haydock Translation of The Roman Catholic Bible) - Chapter 17

INTRODUCTION.

The Hebrews now entitle all the Five Books of Moses, from the initial words, which originally were written like one continued word or verse; but the Sept. have preferred to give the titles the most memorable occurrences of each work. On this occasion, the Creation of all things out of nothing, strikes us with peculiar force. We find a refutation of all the heathenish mythology, and of the world’s eternity, which Aristotle endeavoured to establish. We behold the short reign of innocence, and the origin of sin and misery, the dispersion of nations, and the providence of God watching over his chosen people, till the death of Joseph, about the year 2369 (Usher) 2399 (Sal. and Tirin) B.C. 1631. We shall witness the same care in the other Books of Scripture, and adore his wisdom and goodness in preserving to himself faithful witnesses, and a true Holy Catholic Church, in all ages, even when the greatest corruption seemed to overspread the land. H.

—————————-

This Book is so called from its treating of the Generation, that is, of the Creation and the beginning of the world. The Hebrews call it Bereshith, from the word with which it begins. It contains not only the History of the Creation of the World, but also an account of its progress during the space of 2369 years, that is, until the death of Joseph.

The additional Notes in this Edition of the New Testament will be marked with the letter A. Such as are taken from various Interpreters and Commentators, will be marked as in the Old Testament. B. Bristow, C. Calmet, Ch. Challoner, D. Du Hamel, E. Estius, J. Jansenius, M. Menochius, Po. Polus, P. Pastorini, T. Tirinus, V. Bible de Vence, W. Worthington, Wi. Witham. — The names of other authors, who may be occasionally consulted, will be given at full length.

Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY

This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock’s notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock’s Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:

Greek letters. The original text sometimes includes Greek expressions spelled out in Greek letters. In this transcription, those expressions have been transliterated from Greek letters to English letters, put in italics, and underlined. The following substitution scheme has been used: A for Alpha; B for Beta; G for Gamma; D for Delta; E for Epsilon; Z for Zeta; E for Eta; Th for Theta; I for Iota; K for Kappa; L for Lamda; M for Mu; N for Nu; X for Xi; O for Omicron; P for Pi; R for Rho; S for Sigma; T for Tau; U for Upsilon; Ph for Phi; Ch for Chi; Ps for Psi; O for Omega. For example, where the name, Jesus, is spelled out in the original text in Greek letters, Iota-eta-sigma-omicron-upsilon-sigma, it is transliterated in this transcription as, Iesous. Greek diacritical marks have not been represented in this transcription.

Footnotes. The original text indicates footnotes with special characters, including the astrisk (*) and printers’ marks, such as the dagger mark, the double dagger mark, the section mark, the parallels mark, and the paragraph mark. In this transcription all these special characters have been replaced by numbers in square brackets, such as [1], [2], [3], etc.

Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.

Other special characters.

Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as .

Ligatures, single characters containing two letters united, in the original text in some Latin expressions have been represented in this transcription as separate letters. The ligature formed by uniting A and E is represented as Ae, that of a and e as ae, that of O and E as Oe, and that of o and e as oe.

Monetary sums in the original text represented with a preceding British pound sterling symbol (a stylized L, transected by a short horizontal line) are represented in this transcription with a following pound symbol, l.

The half symbol (½) and three-quarters symbol (¾) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.

Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber’s copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].

Chapter 17

The Covenant of circumcision.

[1] And after he began to be ninety and nine years old, the Lord appeared to him: and said unto him: I am the Almighty God: walk before me, and be perfect. Postquam vero nonaginta et novem annorum esse coeperat, apparuit ei Dominus, dixitque ad eum : Ego Deus omnipotens : ambula coram me, et esto perfectus.

[2] And I will make my covenant between me and thee: and I will multiply thee exceedingly. Ponamque foedus meum inter me et te, et multiplicabo te vehementer nimis.

[3] Abram fell flat on his face. Cecidit Abram pronus in faciem.

[4] And God said to him: I AM, and my covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be a father of many nations. Dixitque ei Deus : Ego sum, et pactum meum tecum, erisque pater multarum gentium.

[5] Neither shall thy name be called any more Abram: but thou shalt be called Abraham: because I have made thee a father of many nations. Nec ultra vocabitur nomen tuum Abram, sed appellaberis Abraham : quia patrem multarum gentium constitui te.

[6] And I will make thee increase, exceedingly, and I will make nations of thee, and kings shall come out of thee. Faciamque te crescere vehementissime, et ponam te in gentibus, regesque ex te egredientur.

[7] And I will establish my covenant between me and thee, and between thy seed after thee in their generations, by a perpetual covenant: to be a God to thee, and to thy seed after thee. Et statuam pactum meum inter me et te, et inter semen tuum post te in generationibus suis, foedere sempiterno : ut sim Deus tuus, et seminis tui post te.

[8] And I will give to thee, and to thy seed, the land of thy sojournment, all the land of Chanaan for a perpetual possession, and I will be their God. Daboque tibi et semini tuo terram peregrinationis tuae, omnem terram Chanaan in possessionem aeternam, eroque Deus eorum.

[9] Again God said to Abraham: And thou therefore shalt keep my covenant, and thy seed after thee in their generations. Dixit iterum Deus ad Abraham : Et tu ergo custodies pactum meum, et semen tuum post te in generationibus suis.

[10] This is my covenant which you shall observe, between me and you, and thy seed after thee: All the male kind of you shall be circumcised: Hoc est pactum meum quod observabitis inter me et vos, et semen tuum post te : circumcidetur ex vobis omne masculinum :

[11] And you shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin, that it may be for a sign of the covenant between me and you. et circumcidetis carnem praeputii vestri, ut sit in signum foederis inter me et vos.

[12] An infant of eight days old shall be circumcised among you, every man child in your generations: he that is born in the house, as well as the bought servant shall be circumcised, and whosoever is not of your stock: Infans octo dierum circumcidetur in vobis, omne masculinum in generationibus vestris : tam vernaculus, quam emptitius circumcidetur, et quicumque non fuerit de stirpe vestra :

[13] And my covenant shall be in your flesh for a perpetual covenant. eritque pactum meum in carne vestra in foedus aeternum.

[14] The male, whose flesh of his foreskin shall not be circumcised, that soul shall be destroyed out of his people: because he hath broken my covenant. Masculus, cujus praeputii caro circumcisa non fuerit, delebitur anima illa de populo suo : quia pactum meum irritum fecit.

[15] God said also to Abraham: Sarai thy wife thou shalt not call Sarai, but Sara. Dixit quoque Deus ad Abraham : Sarai uxorem tuam non vocabis Sarai, sed Saram.

[16] And I will bless her, and of her I will give thee a son, whom I will bless, and he shall become nations, and kings of people shall spring from him. Et benedicam ei, et ex illa dabo tibi filium cui benedicturus sum : eritque in nationes, et reges populorum orientur ex eo.

[17] Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, saying in his heart: Shall a son, thinkest thou, be born to him that is a hundred years old? and shall Sara that is ninety years old bring forth? Cecidit Abraham in faciem suam, et risit, dicens in corde suo : Putasne centenario nascetur filius? et Sara nonagenaria pariet?

[18] And he said to God: O that Ismael may live before thee. Dixitque ad Deum : Utinam Ismael vivat coram te.

[19] And God said to Abraham: Sara thy wife shall bear thee a son, and thou shalt call his name Isaac, and I will establish my covenant with him for a perpetual covenant, and with his seed after him. Et ait Deus ad Abraham : Sara uxor tua pariet tibi filium, vocabisque nomen ejus Isaac, et constituam pactum meum illi in foedus sempiternum, et semini ejus post eum.

[20] And as for Ismael I have also heard thee. Behold, I will bless him, and increase, and multiply him exceedingly: he shall beget twelve chiefs, and I will make him a great nation. Super Ismael quoque exaudivi te : ecce, benedicam ei, et augebo, et multiplicabo eum valde : duodecim duces generabit, et faciam illum in gentem magnam.

[21] But my covenant I will establish with Isaac, whom Sara shall bring forth to thee at this time in the next year. Pactum vero meum statuam ad Isaac, quem pariet tibi Sara tempore isto in anno altero.

[22] And when he had left off speaking with him, God went up from Abraham. Cumque finitus esset sermo loquentis cum eo, ascendit Deus ab Abraham.

[23] And Abraham took Ismael his son, and all that were born in his house: and all whom he had bought, every male among the men of his house: and he circumcised the flesh of their foreskin forthwith the very same day, as God had commanded him. Tulit autem Abraham Ismael filium suum, et omnes vernaculos domus suae, universosque quos emerat, cunctos mares ex omnibus viris domus suae : et circumcidit carnem praeputii eorum statim in ipsa die, sicut praeceperat ei Deus.

[24] Abraham was ninety and nine years old, when he circumcised the flesh of his foreskin. Abraham nonaginta et novem erat annorum quando circumcidit carnem praeputii sui.

[25] And Ismael his son was full thirteen years old at the time of his circumcision. Et Ismael filius tredecim annos impleverat tempore circumcisionis suae.

[26] The selfsame day was Abraham circumcised and Ismael his son. Eadem die circumcisus est Abraham et Ismael filius ejus :

[27] And all the men of his house, as well they that were born in his house, as the bought servants and strangers were circumcised with him. et omnes viri domus illius, tam vernaculi, quam emptitii et alienigenae pariter circumcisi sunt.

Commentary:

Ver. 1. Walk, &c. by assiduous meditation and advancement in virtue. This apparition was to inform Abram, that the promised seed should be born of Sarai. H.

Ver. 4. I am unchangeable, and faithful to my promises, the only God. D. --- Nations. Jews, Saracens or Arabs, Idumeans, and, by faith, of all nations who shall believe in Christ, the King of kings. C. --- The true Church will never then be reduced to a few unknown believers, as the Donatists and Protestants assert. W.

Ver. 5. Abraham. Abram, in the Hebrew, signifies a high father; but Abraham, the father of the multitude: Sarai signifies my Lady, but Sara absolutely Lady. Ch. --- God thus receives them, as it were, into his own family. C.

Ver. 7. Perpetual; that shall last as long as they remain obedient. M. v. 9.

Ver. 11. You shall, either by yourselves, or by the ministry of others, with respect to infants. That part of the body was chosen, because the effects of sin first appeared there; and because a part of the Hebrews' creed was, that Christ should be born of the family of Abraham. --- A sign that Abraham had agreed to the covenant with God, and to be a memorial of his faith and justice, Rom. iv. 2.; to distinguish also the faithful from infidels; to purge away original sin in male children, eight days old; and to be a figure of baptism. M. T. --- God always appoints some sign of his covenants, as Jesus Christ instituted the holy sacrament of his body and blood, under exterior appearances, to assure us of his new alliance with Christians. C. --- The sacraments of the old law caused grace, only by means of faith in the Redeemer, of which they were signs. S. Aug. de Nupt. ii. c. ult. In this sense, the holy fathers assert, that circumcision remitted original sin to those who could receive it; though some think, it was only a bare sign or distinctive mark of the Jews. C. --- It is far beneath our baptism, which is more easy, general and efficacious; as the Christian sacraments are not like those of Moses, weak and needy elements. Gal. iv. 9. S. Aug. ep. 158, ad Jan. Ps. 73, &c. W.

Ver. 12. Days, when he will be able to bear the pain without danger. This might be deferred for a just reason, as it was in the desert. Jos. v. 6. In this case people might be saved, as younger children and all females might, by the application of the remedies used in the law of nature, sacrifice, the faith of parents, &c. M. --- Of your stock, and, being arrived at years of discretion, is desirous of enjoying your privileges. Some think, that slaves had no choice left; but servants, and people who had a mind to live in the country, were not bound to submit to this rite against their will. It is even more probable, that none were under this obligation, except Abraham and his posterity by Isaac. His other children adopted it in part, but not with the exactitude of the Jews. C.

Ver. 14. Circumcised. Sept. adds, "on the eighth day," with the Sam. and many Latin copies. C. --- Destroyed, &c. lose the privileges of the Hebrews, or be put to death, when he grows up and does not supply this defect. S. Aug. reading on the eighth day, concluded that as a child of that age, could not, with reason, be put to death for an offense, in which he could have no share, the destruction here threatened is that of the soul, for transgression, in Adam, the original covenant, and dying in that state unclean, must be excluded from heaven, as people are now who die unbaptized. This difficult passage may, however, be explained as if the threat regarded the negligent parents. "He who shall not circumcise...shall be destroyed." Syr. or, as the Heb. may be rendered, "the male that doth not," &c.; in which case, he becomes guilty of a transgression, when he is arrived at the years sufficient to understand his duty, and does not fulfil it. W.

Ver. 15. Sara, princess of all the nations of the faithful, not simply of one family. M.

Ver. 16. Bless, and enable her to have a son, who shall also have many children. --- Whom. This is referred to Sara, in Heb. and Chal.; but to Isaac, in the Syriac. The blessing, at any rate, reverts to the mother; who was a figure of the blessed Virgin, and of the Church; both persecuted with their children; both, in the end, triumphant. Gal. iv. 23. C.

Ver. 17. Laughed for joy and admiration at such unexpected news. "He rejoiced," says the Chal.: the faith of Abraham is never called into question. Rom. iv. 19.

Ver. 18. Before thee, under thy protection, and in a virtuous manner. M. --- He seems to be satisfied, though Go should not bless him with any more children, provided this one may live worthy of God. H.

Ver. 19. Isaac, "laughter," alluding to the exultation of Abraham, more than to the laughter of Sara, which deserved some reprehension. G. xxi. 6.

Ver. 20. Nation of Arabs, who are still divided into twelve tribes. See G. xxv. 13. C.

Ver. 23. His house. All wee kept in such good order by their master, that none was found unwilling to submit, if indeed it was left to their choice. H. --- Abraham loses no time in complying with God's commands. M.

Ver. 25. Full thirteen, or beginning his fourteenth year, at which age the Arabs and Mahometans still generally circumcise; but without any order from God. C.

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THE BOOK OF Josue - From The Douay-Rheims Bible - Latin Vulgate

Chapter 3

INTRODUCTION

This book is called Josue, because it contains the history of what passed under him, and, according to the common opinion, was written by him. The Greeks call him Jesus; for Josue and Jesus, in the Hebrew, are the same name, and have the same signification, viz. A Saviour. And it was not without a mystery, that he who was to bring the people into the land of promise, should have his name changed from Osee (for so he was called before, Num. xiii. 17,) to Josue, or Jesus, to give us to understand, the Moses, by his law, could only bring the people within sight of the promised inheritance, but that our Saviour, Jesus, was to bring us into it. Ch. --- The Hebrews who had been so rebellious under Moses, behaved with remarkable fidelity and respect towards his successor; who, by these means, more forcibly represented the Christian Church, (D.) which will be ever obedient to her divine head and observe his directions. Josue had been trained up a long time under the hand of Moses, and God had given him the commission to govern his people, in so public a manner, that no one offered to claim that high and arduous office. In effect, the whole conduct of Josue before and after his exaltation, shewed him to be most deserving of command. H. --- Josue, says the Holy Ghost, (Eccli. xlvi. 1,) was successor of Moses among the prophets, or, according to the Greek, "in prophecies." Many explain this of the obligation incumbent on him, to continue the sacred history (C.) and revelations where Moses had left off. The last chapter of this book informs us that he did so. Perhaps some additions, by way of farther explication, have been made by subsequent inspired writers, though most of the passages which are adduced to prove this assertion, seem to be of little force. Respecting the death of Josue, we may make the same observations as on that of Moses. It may have been written by the author of the Book of Judges. Theodoret seems to have thought that the work before us, was compiled out of the public registers, which are quoted C. x. under the name of the book of the Lord. See Num. xxi. 14. The Samaritans have a book or chronicle of Josue, which relates in 39 or 47 chapters, many facts of scriptural history, (H.) down to the reign of Adrian, intermingled with a variety of fables. It seems to be of modern date. Hottinger undertook to publish it in Latin, but was prevented by death. C. --- The true history of Josue sets before us the passage of the Jordan, the conquest of Chanaan, and the distribution of the country. After the pious general had performed all that could be expected from him, after he had twice ratified the covenant between God and his people, and exhorted the latter, with his last breath, to observe an inviolable fidelity to the only Lord, he departed this life in peace, in the 110th year of his age, and was buried at Thamnath Sare, which he had built for the place of his abode. H. --- As the five books of Moses contain the law, intermixed with history, so this first of the historical books exhibits a variety of useful precepts and predictions. The prophetical and sapiential books must be considered in the same light. W. --- They all tend to promote true wisdom and the salvation of men, provided they be perused in the same spirit with which they were written. H.

The additional Notes in this Edition of the New Testament will be marked with the letter A. Such as are taken from various Interpreters and Commentators, will be marked as in the Old Testament. B. Bristow, C. Calmet, Ch. Challoner, D. Du Hamel, E. Estius, J. Jansenius, M. Menochius, Po. Polus, P. Pastorini, T. Tirinus, V. Bible de Vence, W. Worthington, Wi. Witham. — The names of other authors, who may be occasionally consulted, will be given at full length.

Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY

This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock's notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:

Greek letters. The original text sometimes includes Greek expressions spelled out in Greek letters. In this transcription, those expressions have been transliterated from Greek letters to English letters, put in italics, and underlined. The following substitution scheme has been used: A for Alpha; B for Beta; G for Gamma; D for Delta; E for Epsilon; Z for Zeta; E for Eta; Th for Theta; I for Iota; K for Kappa; L for Lamda; M for Mu; N for Nu; X for Xi; O for Omicron; P for Pi; R for Rho; S for Sigma; T for Tau; U for Upsilon; Ph for Phi; Ch for Chi; Ps for Psi; O for Omega. For example, where the name, Jesus, is spelled out in the original text in Greek letters, Iota-eta-sigma-omicron-upsilon-sigma, it is transliterated in this transcription as, Iesous. Greek diacritical marks have not been represented in this transcription.

Footnotes. The original text indicates footnotes with special characters, including the astrisk (*) and printers' marks, such as the dagger mark, the double dagger mark, the section mark, the parallels mark, and the paragraph mark. In this transcription all these special characters have been replaced by numbers in square brackets, such as [1], [2], [3], etc.

Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.

Other special characters.

Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as ---.

Ligatures, single characters containing two letters united, in the original text in some Latin expressions have been represented in this transcription as separate letters. The ligature formed by uniting A and E is represented as Ae, that of a and e as ae, that of O and E as Oe, and that of o and e as oe.

Monetary sums in the original text represented with a preceding British pound sterling symbol (a stylized L, transected by a short horizontal line) are represented in this transcription with a following pound symbol, l.

The half symbol (1/2) and three-quarters symbol (3/4) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.

Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber's copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].

Chapter 3

The river Jordan is miraculously dried up for the passage of the children of Israel.

[1] And Josue rose before daylight, and removed the camp: and they departed from Setim, and came to the Jordan, he, and all the children of Israel, and they abode there for three days. Igitur Josue de nocte consurgens movit castra : egredientesque de Setim, venerunt ad Jordanem ipse et omnes filii Israel, et morati sunt ibi tres dies.

[2] After which, the heralds went through the midst of the camp, Quibus evolutis transierunt praecones per castrorum medium,

[3] And began to proclaim: When you shall see the ark of the covenant of the Lord your God, and the priests of the race of Levi carrying it, rise you up also, and follow them as they go before: et clamare coeperunt : Quando videritis arcam foederis Domini Dei vestri, et sacerdotes stirpis Leviticae portantes eam, vos quoque consurgite, et sequimini praecedentes :

[4] And let there be between you and the ark the space of two thousand cubits: that you may see it afar off, and know which way you must go: for you have not gone this way before: and take care you come not near the ark. sitque inter vos et arcam spatium cubitorum duum millium : ut procul videre possitis, et nosse per quam viam ingrediamini : quia prius non ambulastis per eam : et cavete ne appropinquetis ad arcam.

[5] And Josue said to the people: Be ye sanctified: for tomorrow the Lord will do wonders among you. Dixitque Josue ad populum : Sanctificamini : cras enim faciet Dominus inter vos mirabilia.

[6] And he said to the priests: Take up the ark of the covenant, and go before the people. And they obeyed his commands, and took it up and walked before them. Et ait ad sacerdotes : Tollite arcam foederis, et praecedite populum. Qui jussa complentes, tulerunt, et ambulaverunt ante eos.

[7] And the Lord said to Josue: This day will I begin to exalt thee before Israel: that they may know that as I was with Moses, so I am with thee also. Dixitque Dominus ad Josue : Hodie incipiam exaltare te coram omni Israel : ut sciant quod sicut cum Moyse fui, ita et tecum sim.

[8] And do thou command the priests that carry the ark of the covenant, and say to them: When you shall have entered into part of the water of the Jordan, stand in it. Tu autem praecipe sacerdotibus, qui portant arcam foederis, et dic eis : Cum ingressi fueritis partem aquae Jordanis, state in ea.

[9] And Josue said to the children of Israel: Come hither and hear the word of the Lord your God. Dixitque Josue ad filios Israel : Accedite huc, et audite verbum Domini Dei vestri.

[10] And again he said: By this you shall know that the Lord the living God is in the midst of you, and that he shall destroy before your sight the Chanaanite and the Hethite, the Hevite and the Pherezite, the Gergesite also and the Jebusite, and the Amorrhite. Et rursum : In hoc, inquit, scietis quod Dominus Deus vivens in medio vestri est, et disperdet in conspectu vestro Chananaeum et Hethaeum, Hevaeum et Pherezaeum, Gergesaeum quoque et Jebusaeum, et Amorrhaeum.

[11] Behold the ark of the covenant of the Lord of all the earth shall go before you into the Jordan. Ecce arca foederis Domini omnis terrae antecedet vos per Jordanem.

[12] Prepare ye twelve men of the tribes of Israel, one of every tribe. Parate duodecim viros de tribubus Israel, singulos per singulas tribus.

[13] And when the priests, that carry the ark of the Lord the God of the whole earth, shall set the soles of their feet in the waters of the Jordan, the waters that are beneath shall run down and go off: and those that come from above, shall stand together upon a heap. Et cum posuerint vestigia pedum suorum sacerdotes qui portant arcam Domini Dei universae terrae in aquis Jordanis, aquae quae inferiores sunt, decurrent atque deficient : quae autem desuper veniunt, in una mole consistent.

[14] So the people went out of their tents, to pass over the Jordan: and the priests that carried the ark of the covenant. went on before them. Igitur egressus est populus de tabernaculis suis, ut transiret Jordanem : et sacerdotes, qui portabant arcam foederis, pergebant ante eum.

[15] And as soon as they came into the Jordan, and their feet were dipped in part of the water, (now the Jordan, it being harvest time, had filled the banks of its channel,) Ingressisque eis Jordanem, et pedibus eorum in parte aquae tinctis ( Jordanis autem ripas alvei sui tempore messis impleverat),

[16] The waters that came down from above stood in one place, and swelling up like a mountain, were seen afar off from the city that is called Adom, to the place of Sarthan: but those that were beneath, ran down into the sea of the wilderness (which now is called the Dead Sea) until they wholly failed. steterunt aquae descendentes in loco uno, et ad instar montis intumescentes apparebant procul, ab urbe quae vocatur Adom usque ad locum Sarthan : quae autem inferiores erant, in mare Solitudinis ( quod nunc vocatur Mortuum) descenderunt, usquequo omnino deficerent.

[17] And the people marched over against Jericho: and the priests that carried the ark of the covenant of the Lord, stood girded upon the dry ground in the midst of the Jordan, and all the people passed over through the channel that was dried up. Populus autem incedebat contra Jericho : et sacerdotes, qui portabant arcam foederis Domini, stabant super siccam humum in medio Jordanis accincti, omnisque populus per arentem alveum transibat.

Commentary:

Ver 1. Days, in part, as they arrived on the 8th of Nisan, staid there the following day, and crossed the Jordan on the 10th, on Friday the 30th of our April. Thus Christ is said to have remained three days in the tomb, (C.) though he was there only a small part of Friday and of Sunday, and the whole of Saturday. Heb. "they lodged there before they passed over, (2) and it came to pass after three days that the," &c.

Ver. 2. Heralds. Shoterim. C. i. 10. Prot. "the officers went through the host." H.

Ver. 3. Levi. Sigonius thinks that the Caathites performed this office on this as on other occasions. But the Vulgate shews that the priests sometimes carried the ark, perhaps because it was uncovered. C. vi. 6. 2 K. xv. 25. At this period the number of priests was but small. Some of the sons of Eleazar and of Ithamar might be old enough to assist their parents: only two would be necessary at a time, though the Rabbins assign four, (which is not improbable. Theodoret) and pretend that the two who went first were obliged to go backwards, in order that their faces might be turned towards the ark, out of respect. The ark now marked the way for the people, as the cloud had disappeared on the death of Moses. S. Aug. q. 3. Masius. C. --- It had been carried at the head of the army in the desert. H.

Ver. 4. Space of. Heb. adds, "about...by measure." It was not easy to observe the exact distance in the march. This was prescribed both to keep the people at a respectful distance, and also to enable them to see which way they were to proceed. When the priests stood in the bed of the river, the waters rose up like a firm wall on the north side, while those to the south flowed away into the lake of Sodom, leaving about 16 miles open for the army of Israel to pass on dry land. The soldiers did not approach within 600 paces of the ark. --- Before. This insinuated that they would pass over in a miraculous manner; though perhaps Josue did not know by what means God would enable them to cross (C.) the overflowing waters. Josephus only seems to intimate that they abated suddenly, so that they might be forded, &c. He also greatly diminishes or destroys the miracle performed at the passage of the Red Sea. Yet here he acknowledges a sort of "prodigy in the waters being restrained," and resuming their usual course as soon as the priests had left the channel of the river. --- And take, &c. Heb. places these words at the beginning of the sentence, after cubits. H.

Ver. 5. Sanctified, as Moses had required at Mount Sinai, (Ex. xix. 10. 15,) ordering the people to wash their garments, and to abstain from their wives, that by this exterior purity, they might be reminded not to neglect that of the soul, without which they would derive but small benefit or instruction from the greatest miracles.

Ver. 6. Commands. Josue was only the organ of God, (C.) whose orders he announces to the sacred ministers; (v. 8. M.) though as a civil magistrate, he was bound to hear and to obey them in matters of religion. C. --- When he ordered circumcision to be administered, when he blessed the multitude, and ratified the covenant between God and the people, (C. v. and xxiv. &c.) he did nothing but what a virtuous governor ought to do; yet he did not these things by virtue of his civil jurisdiction, or in opposition to the spiritual authority of Eleazar. Moses had been the supreme head, being both priest and king. But only part of his glory was communicated to Josue, while Eleazar was directed to consult the Lord for him, (Num. xxvii. 21. Theod. q. 48. in Num.) Josue was to govern at his word, so that he was bound to consider the high priest as his superior. What he therefore did, was in subordination and conformity to the will of Eleazar and of God, and not designed to shew that the priestly authority belonged to himself, as English Protestants would hence infer. The best of princes, both in the Old and New Testament, have always looked upon it as a part of their duty to promote the true religion. W. --- Isaias (xlix) foretold that kings and queens would esteem it their glory to guard and to advance the prosperity of the Church. H. --- Hence they may enact laws for this purpose. S. Aug. c. Crescon. iii. 51. Constantine ratified the judgment passed already by the bishops in the cause of Cecilian, though he confessed at the same time that the determination did not belong to his tribunal; (W.) and he greatly disapproved of the conduct of the Donatists, who appealed to him, as the heathens might have done to an emperor, who was at the same time one of their high priests. H. --- O rabida furoris audacia, said he, sicut in causis gentilium fieri solet, appellationem interposuerunt. 1 Optat. c. Parm. i. S. Aug. ep. 166. Other emperors and kings have acquired great fame, on account of their labours and zeal in defence of the Church. Thus the kings of Spain and of France have obtained the titles of Catholic and Most Christian, and our Henry VIII. was honoured by Pope Leo X. with the title of Defender of the Faith, in 1521, (W.) on account of the book which he presented to that pontiff, while he was yet an obedient son of the Catholic Church, and undertook to defend her faith on the sacraments, against the objections of Luther. In this the faith which the kings of England defend at present? Whatever the princes might do in the old law in spiritual matters, no inference can be drawn for the same right being now exercised by civil magistrates, how supreme soever in their own sphere. Those princes, Josue, &c. might be considered not only in the light of civil governors, but also in that of prophets, who had a great share in the administration of affairs under the Jewish theocracy. If God chose to make known his will by the mouth of a king, or by that of a shepherd, his mandates were to be put in execution with equal exactitude. But now the distinctive limits of the ecclesiastical and of the civil power are more clearly ascertained. Render therefore to Cæsar the things that are Cæsar's and to God the things that are God's. Mat. xxii. 21.) The kingdom of Christ is not of this world; neither did he appoint kings to be the pastors of his Church. H.

Ver. 7. Also. Grotius remarks that God made known his choice of the governors of his people by miracles, till the days of Saul. In effect, we hardly find any, before that time, whose public authority was not sanctioned by some prodigy. C.

Ver. 8. It. Heb. "when you shall have come to the brink (or extremity) of the water of the Jordan, you shall stand still in the Jordan," (H.) which some explain by saying that they were to stop on the eastern bank, as soon as they had wet their feet, (Serarius) while others say they crossed quite over, and stood at the other side. Masius. --- But it is more probable, that as soon as they had touched the waters, the priests halted till the bed of the river was presently dried up, and then they placed themselves in the middle of it, close to the raging billows, which, rising up like mountains, were stopped in their career, (H.) and forced to retire backwards to their source, v. 15. 17. C. iv. 9. Bonfrere. A. Lap. --- Some translate, "into the division," instead of part, or extremity. C.

Ver. 9. Hither, probably to the door of the tabernacle, where the assemblies were held.

Ver. 10. Living God, in opposition to the idols of the Gentiles, who were dead men, or at least incapable of affording any assistance to their votaries. Josue gives the people two signs of the divine protection, the destruction of the devoted nations, and the miraculous division of the Jordan, or rather the latter prodigy would be an earnest of the former event; and all, both friends and enemies, might be convinced, that the Lord was with his people, and their present leader, as he had been with Moses. No miracle could have been more suitable for the occasion, none more convincing or useful. C. --- It would naturally inspire the Israelites with confidence, at the revival of the miracles wrought 40 years before, when their fathers and some of themselves had passed the Red Sea, in a similar manner. At the same time, it would fill the Chanaanites with still greater dismay and teach them that all resistance would prove fruitless. Some have wondered that they did not oppose the passage of the Israelites on this occasion. But it is a greater matter of surprise that they should have ventured on the dangerous expedient of encountering them in war, after what they had seen and heard. It can be attributed to nothing but their infatuation, and that blindness with which God punished them, that they might draw on a more speedy and merited destruction for their crimes. H. --- Destroy. Heb. "dispossess, or drive out before you the Chanaanite," &c. These seven nations comprised the ten which are mentioned, Gen. xv. 19. The Chanaanite occupied the countries chiefly about Tyre, while the Hethite dwelt in the southern part of Palestine. The Hevite possessed Mount Hermon, Garizim, &c. The Pherezite were not perhaps a separate people, but employed in cultivating the country. The Gergesite were fixed to the east of the lake of Genesareth, the Jebusite at Jerusalem, and the Amorrhite about the Dead Sea. C. --- But they were often mixed with one another, so that their limits cannot be ascertained with any degree of precision. H.

Ver. 12. Prepare. Heb. "take." But they must have been selected from the tribes, either to carry twelve stones out of the bed of the Jordan, and to place twelve others in their stead, as monuments of this stupendous miracle; (C.) or to accompany the priests and the ark, out of respect. Cajetan. M.

Ver. 13. Heap. Heb. "the waters of the Jordan shall be cut off: the waters that come down from above, even they shall stand as upon a heap," like mountains of ice. The Vulg. informs us what became of the waters (H.) below this division. Where it took place we do not find recorded, so that we cannot know exactly how large a space would be left dry. Calmet allows, "near six leagues." v. 4. and 16. But here, supposing that the Jordan was divided over-against Jericho, he says, that "the waters running off into the Dead Sea, would, in all probability, leave not less than two or three thousand paces of the channel dry."

Interruptus aquis fluxit prior amnis in æquor;

Ad molem stetit unda fluens. Lucan, Phar. ii.

Ver. 15. Water. Thus they manifested the strength of their faith. C. --- Immediately the obedient waters divided, and the gravel or sand was left dry. v. 17. H. --- Channel. The barley harvest was ready about the 30th of April. Lev. xxiii. 10. On other occasions this overflowing of the Jordan is noticed, 1 Par. xii. 15. Eccli. xxiv. 36. Doubdan says that when he visited these parts, at the same season of the year, the Jordan was quite full, on account of the melted snow, and ready to leave its banks. It was about a stone throw across, and very rapid. See C. i. 2. The rains which fall in spring, serve to increase the inundation, (Deut, xi. 14,) as well as the snow which melts at that time on Libanus, though a great part resists the violent heats. Mirum dictu, says Tacitus v. tantos inter ardores opacum fidumque nivibus. Jer. xviii. 14. and xlix. 19.

Ver. 16. Mountain. Heb. "heap or bottle." The billows were forced to roll back almost as far as the lake of Genesareth, where Sarthan stands, about twenty leagues above Jericho. --- Sarthan. Heb. "rose up on a heap, very far from (or to) the city of Adom, that is beside Sarthan." The situation of Adom can only be ascertained by that of Sarthan, which was near Bethsan, or Scythopolis, (3 K. iv. 12,) in the vale of Jezrahel, on the Jordan. Many copies of the Sept. read Cariathiarim, though it was six or seven leagues up the country, west of Jericho. C. --- The swelling billows might perhaps be seen from this place. H. --- But it could not properly determine how far the waters rolled back. C. --- Failed. Heb. "and those that came down toward the sea of the plain, (or of Araba, which means a desert, fit only for pasturage) the salt sea, failed were cut off" from the waters above Jericho. The Jordan after running three miles in the lake of Sodom, without mixing its waters, becomes at last reluctantly confounded with it. Velut invitus...postremo ebibitur, aquasque laudatas perdit, pestilentibus mixtus. Plin. v. 15.

Ver. 17. Jericho, at Bethabara, which was five or six leagues from the Dead Sea, all which space was left dry. Jericho was three leagues from the Jordan. C. --- Girded. Sept. "ready," preparing the way for all the army. Heb. "firm," and undaunted. H. --- A great part of the day must have been spent in crossing the river, and erecting the two monuments. M.