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empressxmachina · 6 years ago

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Welcome Home, Sasha - “Two”. by Imperial-Radiance (that’s me)

Show some love to the picture seen here, “Lt. Sasha”, and its artist Alexandra Hodgson over on ArtStation. It inspired this entire story.

The change in lighting was glaring, blinding Sasha as he walked forward. The vacuum of atmospheric particles following the path of least resistance brought and flew dust toward and onto his form but not enough to be an endangerment of any kind. White noise and low, mechanical hums soon dissipated into the nothingness of nature enveloped around him. His echoing footsteps were replaced by the crunching of minuscule dirt mounds beneath the treads of his feet. Hearing them brought back Tshepo’s bizarre directive; however, the expanse around him had more of a hold on him, causing him to pause and take it all in.

Aside from the onyx and violet-trimmed Demeter, all Sasha could see was a planet’s red desert-like landscapes: the mountains almost meshing into the horizon, the bulbous clouds going across the heavens yet looked within arms’ distance, and the speckled earth below with its cracks, canyons, and craters as far as he could tell. All of them glowed like a crimson colored screen had been set over its light.

In Sasha’s vista, light rays peeked through the sky puffs, but they didn’t clarify what kind of solar system he and the distant admiral were in. There was no way to see the number of suns here. Illuminate everything in sight was all they did, such as the shards of reflective surfaces of presumed water in the far distance. Having it accessible could imply that terraforming the place might be worth it. That would be the case if it hadn’t already been done.

If Sasha’s running theory about his location was correct, then any more terraforming would laughably overkill.

“Damn, Ki,” Sasha breathed, almost fogging up the entirety of his helmet’s glass. “Your testing mission must really be important if you couldn’t even tell me we were going to Mars.”

He was shocked and confused, having ended up in a place so far from one home and so, so close to the sister planet that was his other. There weren’t many red planets as far as he knew of the billions or so in the Milky Way Galaxy that had ruby surfaces and sky. As long as they weren’t controllably corrosive, they weren’t necessarily a problem. But, having been terraformed for over two centuries, Earthlings had already made a comfortable place and/or new home for themselves there for all to know throughout the cosmos, adding Mother Nature’s blues and greens across the landscape… or, at least, he thought they had.

Novis was usually always in the know of the red rock’s doings on the daily, and Sasha had visited several of its colonies a few years – Earth and Martian ones – ago, seeing some of the civilizations for himself. However, the topography of this area wasn’t familiar, not matching up with anything on the most recent update of the Martian maps he thought he had memorized. Olympus Mons or any other notable prominence didn’t appear to be in sight, so there weren’t any major, natural landmarks from which he could work out where exactly on the planet he was.

No area looked this barren as far as he remembered: no flags, beacons, or anything. It looked too similar to not be Mars, yet it was still different. If that were truly the case, then things had definitely changed since the last time Sasha was there, but there was only one way to prove it.

“NAIMA, ready.” With Sasha’s single instruction, the innards of the helmet finally awakened.

NAIMA, the Novis Artificial Intelligence Management Application, lightly flashed green icons on the window, symbolizing all of the functions accessible upon first use. However, just like within the Demeter, the exact details of the location were still hidden. If Sasha didn't know any better, then he would’ve figured that the systems to detect them were either encrypted for only Tshepo’s eyes or just straight up broken. Neither option seemed reasonable, but perhaps that was part of the mod testing… somehow. Checking the livability of a place was as simple as going down a checklist, and that is exactly what Sasha did.

“Analyze all central stars inbound,” Sasha commanded, making sure to enunciate this time. The last time he wasn’t clear, and there was almost an extinction of five rare plant species.

“Scanning,” the AI robotically dictated, with the chirps of LIDAR sensors measuring the skies. A few seconds of patient, systemic silence passed, and NAIMA announced its findings with a chime of completion before returning to its standby state. “Scan complete. One orbited star found.”

Something told Sasha to look into how far it was or if there were any other bodies of interest, but the verification of the singular sun was enough to please him.

“Estimate rotational bounds,” he then instructed. Knowing the length of a day on the planet meant knowing how long to live.

Another lull met his ears. The sounds of his thoughts and life force were allowed to echo before Sasha’s suit rearranged its sensors not up toward the clouds but down toward the ground, surging through his legs and vibrating his feet. From what NAIMA showed on the screen, some sort of thermal imaging was being implemented through the soles and treads to detect the planet’s core below while a signal was continually sent out of the toe area and tracking the arc that he and thus everything else was making across the celestial sphere. After what felt like forever, it was finally done… but not without hesitation.

“Uneven surfacing and turbid atmosphere lead to heightened uncertainty,” NAIMA announced to Sasha’s surprise. “Do you still request the results?”

“Turbid?” Sasha repeated to himself, taking heed to not set off the AI immediately as he looked back to the skies. “It’s just Mars, right? This is just like how it was before terraforming… and that’s not good, is it?”

Only after saying it did Sasha realize the implied severity of the statement - his face melting into a concerned frown at possibly hundreds of years of Earthling efforts reverting into nothing. Tshepo’s silence helped nothing, either. But, Sasha could only do so much to help if he wasn’t one-hundred percent sure where he was, and thus the investigation carried on.

“Results requested,” he validated, receiving a near-immediate response from NAIMA.

“With errors considered,” it replied, “the estimated time for one global rotation is twenty-four hours and twenty-one minutes with thirty-three minutes of uncertainty.”

“Huh. That’s not exactly the twenty-four and forty I remember, but it’s close enough,” Sasha approved, only barely curious of the skewed measures. “Maybe they finally figured out how to gradually match up the sols with days over time.” He was one to look at the bright side of things when it seemed promising, but here, doused in Tshepo’s confidentiality, pulling out various what-ifs and buts were just as easy. “That doesn’t mean they surged its revolution speed, though,” he considered. “It’s probably still half-fast, and that wouldn’t have anything to do with all this red being back, would it?”

As visually traumatizing the scarlet and all of its connotations generally were, that didn’t mean they were physically dangerous, and that, like everything else, could also be checked. But Sasha was confident in his safety: way too confident for Tshepo’s liking.

The cabin-cloistered leader's voice went completely silent as he watched his more or less baby brother/son go against all basic protocols and begin unlocking and removing the helmet that blocked him and his airways from the openness of the atmosphere and all the emptiness that spread past it. If it had been a field exam on Novis, then Sasha’s thorough but few analyses would have failed him almost immediately. He only needed to give one more specific request to NAIMA, and his actions would have been plausible. But, no, he was too high in his own head to question it. Luckily, as the young soul hadn’t gone far, Tshepo and the Demeter were still in close range in case things went awry. Even luckier, the air was not only existent and breathable, it, minus a few fluctuations, fit all of Novis’ guidelines for livable space.

Sasha was in the clear in both mind and airway, and he didn't hesitate in reveling in it.

“Ah,” he exhaled, willingly breathing in and letting out as much as air as possible as he held his helmet in his hands. “That’s some good air, right there.” As clear as the helmet’s window was, its vista was nothing in comparison to being fully immersed, nothing to block the peripherals or cause a glare, even though NAIMA could’ve easily adjusted for both.

Tshepo had one hand going through his hair and another clamped over his mouth, watching and listening to Sasha cheer for joy and praise himself over his proven prowess of examination. Well, it was mostly praising. For a brief moment, Sasha did realize the error in his ways, pausing with mouth agape and even longer face at how, in harsh truth, he could’ve killed himself. He could’ve just died – been dead – but he wasn’t. He wasn’t because he was right, and the smile came back as quickly as it went.

Tshepo was nearly out of his pilot’s chair with his eyes glued onto the screen and its image before him. Yet, rather than an authoritative scowl hidden beneath his hand, there was a familial smirk. A happy Sasha was always nice to see, no matter the reason why, no matter how dumb he was in his intelligence. However, like his underling, that happiness fleeted from his own truths: those that called them for this mission that only they could do.

“Sasha,” Tshepo sighed through the cockpit’s microphone, breaking his viewing silence and flash of contentment, “remember why you're here.” Tshepo’s message was almost lost through Sasha’s euphoria, but the distant muffles did reach his ears from his helmet’s inner speakers, at least enough for Sasha to remind himself of the task at hand.

“Oh, right, the mods!” Sasha exclaimed, securing the helmet back onto its locks. The protection wasn’t needed for any changed breathing as far as he was told, but Tshepo hadn’t set up any glasses or lenses that could visualize all the supposedly new functions for whatever reason. Thus, the suit continued to be the projector, ready for action. He took a stable stance, dissolving his cockiness with professionalism, and instructed to NAIMA, “Engage BSv3 initialization.”

“Bio-Sight Version 3, new update by Azikiwe comma Tshepo, commenced,” NAIMA announced mechanically as usual.

Sasha couldn’t hold back a snort, hearing the AI attempt Tshepo’s full name. There had definitely been some tweaking in the pronunciation department, thinking back to all the jumbles spouted through the various version one updates. It was definitely more fluid than ever, but alas, it was still off. The same could be said about the new sets of icons and detectors and the additions to old ones that stretched translucently across his entire vista. There was just as much glow naturally in his eyes as the helmet shined into them, and a gasp escaped him.

“Jesus, Ki. How long have you been working on this?” Sasha wondered in awe.

As if knowing that the now-barren, terraformed Mars was an anomaly just by looking at it, the earthy expanse was decorated with a radiating grid, blocking off and measuring in square meter intervals in all directions. Well, all except up and down. In place of the emptiness of space, the mods sat in standby filling the visual field with a simulated cyberpunk cityscape: more than interesting enough to be a screensaver of sorts. Sasha really wanted to know how or why Tshepo programmed them, considering he was supposedly just proficient at biology and not computers, but his superior’s silence left him hanging, and thus he moved on.

“Alright, fine. Don’t answer me,” Sasha sneered. It was with harmless intention; he’d find it a challenge when he wasn’t being watched. “I’ll figure it out eventually, but for now…”

Sasha scrutinized the set of functions, trying to figure what each one held behind its icon without actually choosing it. No previews were available upon his eyes hovering over them, so his choice would be based on only intuition. Eventually, that led to him to one viable option, exactly what Tshepo hoped and thought he’d choose.

“…let’s go with this,” Sasha settled, voice laced with curious uncertainty. “NAIMA, execute, uh, Carbon Camera?”

“Carbon Camera launched. Detecting life forms within range.” The AI looked past the wavering in his tone and commenced the program, sending a new scattering of signals along the ground, periodically beeping and pulsating along the way until it eventually died down to a low but omnipresent echo.

With the little information available about the application, Sasha assumed it would go for the most general scan, painting the ground in blue, green, or whatever contrasting color Tshepo chose for at least all the microorganisms burrowed in its dirt and sand. To his surprise, the output was worryingly scarce.

“The camera must have adjusted itself,” he figured, gazing over the sprinkling of sapphire-shining found forms across the horizon. “It has to be filtering only for macroscopic organisms and only certain ones at that. Even so, it didn’t seem hot enough out here for it to be this desolate.”

When he had taken his helmet off, Sasha’s breathing hadn’t been noticeably lessened. Sure, the air seemed thicker and dirtier than what he last remembered, and if it were a fatal concern, then NAIMA would’ve overridden controls and wouldn’t have allowed for exposure to it. Knowing Tshepo and his trust in his machine, let alone him being aware of all its and Sasha’s happenings out there, he probably wouldn’t have let the boy do it, either. So, it wasn’t that it wasn’t livable for anything, at least not at that moment. There just wasn’t anything around.

Barely.

Considering that Sasha would’ve probably only found their sources on accidental approach, and their glows being no different than those tens to hundreds of mapped squares away, the few blips nearby were promising enough to at least examine for a little while. Though, really, it'd just be done to refute that the Bio-Sight mods were pulling values out of nowhere. So, he did, initiating a beeline for one straight ahead.

Sasha went a few paces, intermittently checking to his sides and behind him that the distant visuals weren’t changing or detecting anything new. There was some solace in the consistency. However, looking back at the Demeter brought back another reminder from Tshepo, the one he gave before Sasha left him.

“Tread lightly?” Sasha repeated, questioning himself and pondering over what seemed like a light concern. “Why would I need to do that? There’s barely anything here.” But then he thought about it. He came to a halt and looked down, not so much at his feet but the ground itself. “Unless…”

The relative fatality of bacteria and other minuscule organisms can’t really be helped, no matter what Sasha did. The suit had a hovering or flying device, but a powerful thrust into the ground and whatever was on it beneath him would be needed to lift him first. The soles had treads, so not every piece of dirt had his pressure on it. But on those that did, only the microbes probably had enough resilience to handle it. Though, that was obvious. It was underneath the surface that made Sasha worried.

With all of his flouncing around earlier, the sudden appearance of him and the Demeter, and what he now believed were heavy footfalls, it was likely that he was seen as an invader out of nowhere to any unsuspecting fauna, scaring them to burrow underground or run away. Usually, it was him that ran away from intimidators or at least attempted to be a name without a face. To think of himself as the one inflicting fear unsettled his stomach.

Sasha shook, almost immediately checking the undersides of his feet and the craters of his footprints for any animal that may have been caught or buried in his crossfire. The redness and spottiness of the dirt and soil made looking for bits and pieces of anything problematic, but with nothing large in sight, he calmed once again. Soon enough, he restarted his gait toward the closest unknown beacon with footfalls as close to floating above the surface as he could be without actually being off the ground. Little did he know, he would find himself deeper into it when he got to his destination.

“What the fuck?” he inquired, at least reaching the target on the screen. At least, it said he did.

The pinpoint rippled and chirped, centered right in front of him, but all he could see lying there was what looked like a broken sampling of brush, barely visible out of the ground below him, mostly burrowed by dirt if at all. It was concerning and confusing: the chaparral’s magnitude trivial to the earthy expanse that surrounded it. But believing the Bio-Sight found it for a reason, Sasha chose to examine further, kneeling to inspect at closer range.

A hand grazed the soil, dusting for a fossil or some decomposing being with what had to be godlike floral camouflage. Yet, the more he brushed away dirt, the less he found, just finding more and more ground greeting him. He persisted all the while as the mods’ sensors never let up. However, it took the blips’ bleeping becoming an annoyance after an extensive period for him to realize his trials were in vain.

“For fuck’s sake!” Sasha shot through gritted teeth, shaking his head in anger. He wasn’t sure if he was madder at himself or the machine that housed him, but not reaching a scavenger’s climax from either was a pain. A thought in the back of his head reminded him that it all could’ve been part of Tshepo’s trials, but care was quickly fleeting as the beeps felt louder. “Don’t keep pinging if there’s nothing—!” A curse to the wind lingered on the tip of his tongue until it and all his stress dissolved at the sight of his shoveling glove. “Oh.”

Tests on NAIMA back in the lab previously made its number of useful qualities seem extraordinarily large, so its finding shouldn’t have been as surprising to Sasha as it was. Though, there was no way he would’ve been able to predict seeing it.

He barely saw it himself.

An insignificant shard of sorts found itself embedded to the tip of Sasha’s finger. From the naked eye, it had to have been a shard versus a splinter or something similar based on its sheen alone. Curiosity took hold of him, along with just not wanting to accidentally crush the thing by his touch, leading him to enhance his suit’s sensors and examine it closer. A quick zoom-in later, and what was once a dot in his window expanded to push at its walls with its new girth.

A metal stake now greeted him, chipped and scorched in places but still stable. Scorched: a fire had gotten to it, somehow. Looking up, the clouds could have reflected a storm to come, possibly mirroring a past squall in which a spark may have, well, sparked on the ground and caused such burns. Though, the scalding wasn’t even down its length, giving more validity to a lightning strike. Even its tiny but vivid heatmapping showed promise for a bolt. Yet, one so precise toward such a small object seemed irrational.

“There was obviously heat on this thing,” Sasha commented, rolling the petite pole across his finger pad to check its full surface. Spots and speckles of scorches were spread all over. “But, from where?”

The average Martian temperature in days of old froze liquid water without trouble. Nowadays, with its terraforming and all, there wasn’t much to say against the possibility of a heat wave. Sasha’s current location on the rock, wherever it was, did look deserted and desert-like, fitting for increased warmth (and coolness at night if one wanted to be technical). Though, out of everything, it was probably weather-related. But, of this intensity? Surely, he would’ve known of that already.

Novis and all those living on it are meant to have details for any large event, especially natural disasters and phenomena, on all of the human-based colonies. The best guess for whatever happened had to be a volcano or other geyser going off sometime recently with remnants of its eruption finding themselves on this sliver. Yet, no sizeable Martian spout he recognized was in sight. There was a likelihood for a celestial interference, whether it be an asteroid becoming a meteorite, the Sun flaring up, or something else, but that should’ve been a solar systemic emergency if not just a simple news declaration.

This was neither, at least nothing publicized. Then again, Tshepo was hiding something from his knowledge, but why hide an emergency? If one is on a mission to a dilemma, and they take someone with them, then why leave them in the dark?

Why would Sasha’s best friend Ki leave him ignorant intentionally, let alone lie? The only times either of those ever happened was when… when…

And, just like that, with a look back into his past, Sasha had a clue, and he needed to know more. But this was his test, after all, so he knew he had to find it himself... no matter how much it would hurt.

Feigning a lack of knowledge complemented with confidence was a skill of which Sasha had all too much. His voice, if he used it, was crisp. His heart rate was slow and steady. Anything Tshepo could and did check at the moment was fine. By Sasha’s luck, there were no cameras inside his helmet or on his suit at the moment to reveal how panicked he truly was. He still wasn’t sure about what he had found, but given how he found it, he would know the truth soon enough.

Tshepo sat quietly in his seat, waiting for any sort of new response from his amicable underling. He knew Sasha was thorough, but this seemed ridiculous, and he was growing aggravated. Even with the data he deliberately kept hidden from his eyes, he figured the boy would’ve verbally denounced Mars as an option by now. Were his systems failing before his eyes? Was Sasha taking care to go down a list of every similar planet of every system and galaxy he knows? He was so silent, and with his knelt back to the Demeter, Tshepo, now rightfully so, was left in the dark.

However, it wasn’t much longer until that annoyance transitioned to absolute concern.

“Sasha? Sasha?” the leader repeated, voice growing shriller each time. With every call, he sounded more and more like a broken record. Eventually, he was truly desperate. “Sasha, say something. Please.” Even at the eventual ultimatum he knew would come, the last way he thought Sasha would react was total silence.

No words escaped from Sasha’s lips, but if his vocal cords were in use, then the sounds that he would’ve managed to make out of them would’ve been incomprehensible babbling. Through the panic that was visible on his face, he could only imagine the cries for answer howling from his senior were related to it. No matter what the case was, Sasha figured he wasn’t going to receive any sort of solace unless he made a moral move for himself. It just sucked to do so, since any extraneous move in the physical space and he probably would’ve missed it… and irreversibly kept himself from ever finding it. Most of his psyche didn’t want to take the plunge toward verisimilitude, yet it knew just as well that he’d regret it if he didn’t.

In what seemed like an instant, as Sasha took a deep breath, all of the vitals’ trackers monitoring him inside the Demeter began to flare, detecting sudden changes in his systems. Tshepo’s worrisome wails only magnified, attempting to echo over them to get through to his still stagnant, ace apprentice. When he finally did, he found it just as difficult to hold back his own tears that Sasha had, at last, let flow.

“K-Ki,” the sheepish space soldier whimpered his senior’s name, trying so hard to continue analyzing the eccentric splinter on his finger pad. All the while, he hoped most if not all of the hypotheses that he was now starting to predict for it would fail to be reached. “I know… you’ve been lying to me, and it needs to stop. N-Now.”

It was never the intention to hurt his friend, but there was absolutely no way he was going to be okay unless he was a sociopath. Shy, sure, but Sasha Keeling had way too much sympathy for others for it to be an uncertainty. So many regrets immediately ran through his mind, worthy of pulling hair out. Yet, would they have made it this far if he hadn’t kept his mouth shut? Would Sasha have kept his mouth shut long enough for them to get to a point where he could cry without punishment, just like now? There was no way to tell, but there was a lot left to say.

“No assumptions. No bullshit. No matter how bad it is.” Sasha continued, struggling to stay composed through his internal conflicts. But he knew that he had to be, going right for the big question. “Ki, w-where are we?”

At this point, there was not enough moxie in the universe to make Tshepo say anything. No, he could say one thing, and he did say it but not until its point was already proven true. NAIMA had been hiding features for long enough. Now, it was true to set them all into action… with a wounded sigh. Sasha heard it, fearing its meaning until the train of bleeps of notifications and surges of data disturbed the shallow peace and set his viewing window ablaze with glows.

Its radiant information reflected onto Sasha’s eyes, becoming more legible as they grew wider and wetter with reading. Immense doubt and dread engulfed him, only to be magnified more by the reason for it. A new multitude of speckles detected by the Carbon Camera — things and souls that once breathed, believed, and built — ran across the entirety of his view toward the horizon. Yet, its suspected volume seemed to be less than his own. That of the collection of metals and other solid flakes and dust bits scanned was only a bit more and just as sprawled over the ruddy expanse. Such miniature tangibles against his previously not-so-grandiose frame were sickening to imagine one-by-one, putting life or use into them. However, the qualities and measures NAIMA gave of his location that couldn’t be touched so easily were the cherries on top that sent him into full nausea by doing so anyway.

The same atmosphere, ground structure, and climates Novis simulated and tested against but not as extrapolated overall. The same rate of passing time in a day that gave some form of order on Novis on which the space soldiers could build a circadian rhythm. A similar view of the sky and its life-bringing star that Sasha repeatedly projected in his room sans the scarily turbid, crimson monochrome. The history and culture behind a flag he had never gotten to visit in person. One of the thousands that stood the tests of the past to get him to who and where he was in the present. It now laid atop his finger as a dirtied trace of a fabric corner on its burnt metal shaving of a pole. A symbol of the numerous, microbial places and people now visibly scattered around him. Maybe under, too. Flaked like glitter. Unmoving if not unthinkably eradicated. It didn’t need to be said, but Tshepo did and locked it in indefinitely, “Welcome home, Sasha.”

#g/t #my writing #welcome home sasha #futuristic space travel #talk about a homecoming; am i right?#sad boi is sadder

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kaciseonline · 2 years ago

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waterfiltergurus · 2 years ago

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How to Measure Turbidity of Water (5 Methods Explained)

Measuring turbidity is the first step toward understanding your water quality. In this guide, we've shared the different ways to measure turbidity in water, as well as how to choose the best method for you, how to interpret your test results, and the steps you should take with your new knowledge. 📌 Key Takeaways: - Turbidity is a measurement of how transparent or murky a water source is. - There are two commonly used turbidity measurement units: nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and formazin turbidity units (FTU). - You can measure turbidity in drinking water with a turbidity meter, visual methods of detection, and laboratory water tests. 🤔 What is Turbidity? Turbidity measures water clarity, or the ability of a light beam to travel through a water source. The more turbid the water, the more suspended particles it contains. High suspended particles concentrations will reduce the ability of a light beam to travel straight through the water source. There are a few factors that contribute to water turbidity, including: - Algae - Sediment - Organic matter - Silt - Clay - Phytoplankton - Other pollutants and materials Sometimes, in certain environmental conditions, turbidity increases naturally without outside input. Runoff and discharge from human activities, such as farmland, wastewater treatment plants, and construction sites, can also lead to increased turbidity in a surface water source. 📏 Why Measure Turbidity In Water? It's important to measure turbidity in water because high turbidity levels have a damaging environmental impact, causing increased water temperature and affecting a fish's ability to absorb dissolved oxygen. If your home's drinking tap water has high turbidity, this could affect the water's safety for human ingestion and have aesthetic effects in your home. Certain suspended particles that contribute to turbidity, like algae, could make you sick if you drink high concentrations of them in your home's water. By measuring turbidity, you can take further steps to identify these sources of contamination and decide on a suitable method of water treatment. Other suspended solids, like sediment, could damage or clog your home's plumbing system in large quantities. Measuring turbidity can help you to confirm whether your water supply is likely to be causing your plumbing problems, so you can take steps to install a water treatment system if necessary. 🔎 When Should You Measure Water Turbidity? You should consider measuring total suspended solids and turbidity in your water supply if you're responsible for making sure it's safe to drink. You don't need to measure your water's turbidity if you're supplied by a city water source. This water should have a low turbidity because it will have undergone drinking water treatment before being delivered to your home. Your water utility will also conduct turbidity monitoring to ensure that your water is safe to drink. However, if you get your water from a private well, which doesn't undergo a treatment process before entering your plumbing supply, and your water looks visibly cloudy or murky, it's worth conducting a turbidity test. 📊 How Is Turbidity Measured? Turbidity is measured in nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) or formazin turbidity units (FTU). There's a small difference between these two units of measurement: NTU is a measurement of white light at a detection angle of 90 degrees, while FTU measures infrared light, also at a 90-degree detection angle. NTU is the most commonly-used unit to measure turbidity, and sensors that use the NTU measurement method are compliant with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) method 180.1. source: United States Geological Survey (usgs.gov) 🧐 What Is The Average Drinking Water Turbidity Measurement? The average drinking water supply should have a turbidity measurement range of 0.2-1 NTU. High turbidity levels impact drinking water disinfection, so your water utility should aim to reduce water's turbidity to 0.5 NTU or less, using water treatment processes such as coagulation and flocculation. The ideal turbidity reading is 0.2 NTU or less. This applies regardless of where the water is sourced and the quality of this source. If you're on a municipal supply line, you can get an idea of the turbidity reading for your drinking water by reviewing your water utility's latest Water Quality Report, which should list turbidity as one of the chemical and physical water parameters. 📋 3 Methods for Measuring Turbidity in Water There are a few different methods for measuring turbidity in water, including with visual tools and various types of turbidity meters. Visual Tools Visual tools, as the name suggests, are used to give a visual analysis of a water sample's turbidity levels. Visual tools aren't 100% accurate because they rely on the user's judgment, but they're still a great way to get an indication of a water's turbidity. There are two visual tools you can use to measure turbidity, which are often used in lake and stream monitoring programs: Secchi Disk Secchi disks are black and white circular disks that are used to give a basic measurement of water clarity. To use a secchi disk, here's what to do: - Lower the secchi disk into the water. - Continue to lower the disk until you can barely see it. - Measure the disk's distance beneath the water. This distance tells you the water's turbidity. Secchi disks are an affordable, portable, and easy way to get turbidity readings in a large water body, but they're not completely precise. The accuracy of the results depend on the quality of the lighting and the person's eyesight. Transparency Tube Transparency tubes are clear tubes that have a secchi disk and a release valve at their base. The tubes also have markings for measuring the amount of water collected. To use a transparency tube to measure turbidity, follow these steps: - Fill the tube with a water sample and mark the initial water depth. - Look down over the top of the tube while you slowly release the valve at the base. - Continue to release the water until you can barely make out the secchi disk, then record the remaining water depth. - Repeat the process at least twice, then take an average reading. Scientists who use transparency tube testing record the values in distance units, which can be converted to NTU. However, the disadvantage of this testing method is that not all tables for distance units-to-NTU conversion apply to all field conditions. source: Extenion Utah State University (extension.usu.edu) Turbidity Meters There are a number of different turbidity meters, also called turbidity sensors and nephelometers. These devices have the same purpose: to measure the incident light scattered by total suspended solids in a water supply. As we mentioned in the "How Is Turbidity Measured" section, two different scattered light sources can be measured by a turbidity meter: white light (compliant with EPA method 180.1) with a wavelength of 400 to 680 nanometers, and infrared light with a wavelength of 860 ± 60 nm. Turbidity sensors have a detector that takes a reading of the light's scatter absorbance. This detector is most commonly placed at a 90 degree angle, in accordance with both the EPA Method 180.1 and ISO7027. There are different turbidity meters available for testing different water samples. These include: - Benchtop meters, which are used to measure samples that can be transported to a laboratory. - Submersible meters, which can be submerged under water to take turbidity values on-site. - Continuous flow meters, which offer continuous monitoring of turbidity as a stream of water flows across the sensor. 🧪 How To Test For Turbidity At Home If you want to test your drinking water's turbidity, you can rule out some of the scientific testing methods. You want something that's quick, easy, and accurate, and there are three testing methods that fit this description: - DIY test kits - Turbidity meters - Laboratory tests We've shared more information about these three tests below. DIY Test Kits The quickest and most affordable at-home turbidity testing method is a DIY test kit. You can buy a simple drinking water test kit that detects turbidity using the drop count method. This calculates the turbidity of water based on the number of drops used before a color change occurs. Not all DIY test kits can be used to detect turbidity, so be sure to do your research to make sure your chosen test has this ability. To use a DIY test kit for turbidity, follow these steps: - Collect a sample of water in the test tube or vial (included in the test kit), or in a clean glass. - Add a drop of indicator solution to your water sample. - Add the test reagent, drop by drop, to the water sample, until the water changes color. - The number of drops of reagent used can be compared to a table (also included in the kit) to determine the turbidity of the water sample. Turbidity Meters Turbidity meters are more expensive than DIY test kits for turbidity, but more common and quicker and easier to use. The "proper" turbidity meters used in laboratories cost $150+, but you can also buy a smaller, more basic turbidity meter (also called a turbidity sensor) that measures water's turbidity, pH, and TDS (total dissolved solids). To use a turbidity meter for at-home water turbidity measurements, follow these steps: - Follow the instructions in the user manual to calibrate the turbidity meter. - Collect a sample of tap water in a clean container. - Wait for the data to show on the screen. - For the most accurate results, recalibrate the meter and repeat the process several times, then take an average of the readings. Laboratory Tests If you want to get the most accurate turbidity measurements and you don't mind waiting a few days to receive them, laboratory testing is the best at-home testing option. This turbidity measurement method is, as the name suggests, conducted by a laboratory. That means you don't have to do anything aside from taking a sample of your water and sending it to the lab. The cost of laboratory testing for turbidity is higher - often $100-$200 or more - depending on the complexity of the testing and the number of parameters tested for alongside turbidity. To test your water with a laboratory turbidity test, follow these steps: - Order your lab test kit and wait for the test to arrive at your home. - Follow the laboratory's instructions to take one or several samples of your drinking water. - Send the samples back to the laboratory and wait for your test results (usually within 10-14 days). 📖 How To Choose The Right At-Home Turbidity Testing Method For You So, which type of at-home turbidity testing is right for you? It depends on a few factors, including: - Your budget - If you have a small budget and just want an indication of your water's turbidity, consider a DIY test kit. If budget isn't a concern, you can choose any testing method that suits you best. - Your water quality - If you have reason to believe that your water contains health-harmful contaminants, it's worth paying more for a laboratory test that will give you the most accurate results. - What else you want to test for - Lab testing is the best option if you want to test for numerous parameters and contaminants at once, while turbidity sensors will do the job if you just want to measure turbidity. Whatever test method you decide on, make sure it has plenty of positive customer reviews and is provided by a reputable brand or laboratory. 📄 Interpreting Turbidity Results The method you should use to interpret your turbidity results depends on the testing or detection method you use. Most at-home tests will give you a turbidity reading in NTU. Since there isn't an EPA Maximum Contaminant Level for turbidity, it's best to compare your turbidity measurement with the WHO's advised maximum turbidity concentration of 5 NTU. Keep in mind that 5 NTU is the absolute maximum turbidity that the WHO says is safe for drinking tap water supplies. Beyond this level, water has a high likelihood of growing pathogens that cause waterborne disease outbreaks and make you sick. So, if your test results show that your water's turbidity is close to 5 NTU, you might want to take action to reduce turbidity and make your water cleaner and healthier to drink. Reverse osmosis filters and ultrafiltration systems are both good methods of reducing turbidity, but if you have unusually turbid water, you might need to address the cause of the issue (e.g. if your water comes from a well, you might have a damaged well screen or a crack in the well casing that's enabling suspended particles to enter your water supply). Very low turbidity has a range of 0.2 NTU or less. But if you can get your water down to 0.5 NTU at least, it should be safe and clean enough to drink. 📑 Final Word Measuring turbidity in your water is a great way to get an idea of your overall water quality. However, if you do discover that you have turbid water, don't stop there. A turbidity meter that measures scattered light won't tell you exactly what suspended material your water contains. So, you don't know for sure whether or not your water is safe. While high turbidity suggests poor water quality and low turbidity suggests good water quality, you won't learn which contaminants are causing the turbidity in the first place. For that reason, if turbid water is detected, we recommend following up with additional water tests for sediment, bacteria, algae, and other organic and inorganic matter. With this information, you can pinpoint the cause of your murky water and determine the best solution based on your findings. 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mrudula01 · 2 years ago

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Rising Health Concerns to Drive Global Water Quality MonitoringMarket

Triton Market Research presents the ‘Global Water Quality Monitoring Market’ report sectioned by Component (pH Sensors, DO Sensors, Temperature Sensors, Turbidity Sensors, Other Components), by Application (Utilities, Industrial, Commercial, Residential, Other Applications), and by Regional Outlook (Middle East and Africa, Latin America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, North America).

The report further discusses the Market Summary, Industry Outlook (Technology Snapshot, Parent Market Analysis, Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, Market Maturity Analysis, Key Buying Impact Analysis, Regulatory Framework, Key Market Strategies, Drivers, Challenges, Opportunities, Analyst Perspective), Competitive Landscape, Research Methodology & Scope, Global Market Size, Forecasts & Analysis (2023-2030).

Triton’s research report suggests that the global water quality monitoring market would advance with a CAGR of 5.51% in the forecast years from 2023 to 2030.

Two major sources of water-borne diseases include pollutants (such as nitrates, chemicals, and heavy metals that flow into the water due to industrial pollution) and contaminants (such as bacteria, viruses, and parasitic organisms). Health effects caused by consuming polluted or contaminated water range from intoxication to life-threatening diseases or sudden death. With the growing concerns regarding water safety, the demand for water quality monitoring (WQM) systems has grown.

The sales of WQM devices are mainly centered around small-scale specialist retail outlets; whereas, their R&D is focused on large-scale applications like carbon sequestration and soil amendment. This presents a state of uncertainty, which creates challenges in the path of market growth.

North America is the leading regional market globally, which accounted for the highest revenue share in 2022. The contamination of water resources with pathogens (such as fecal coliform bacteria) is a grave concern in many areas across the region. The source of this pathogenic contamination is mainly untreated or poorly treated sewage. Thus, the high adoption of water quality monitoring systems is witnessed across North America.

Leading names engaged in the water quality monitoring market include Xylem Inc, Pentair Plc, Shimadzu Corporation, Agilent Technologies Inc, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc, Emerson Electric Co, Evoqua Water Technologies Corp, Horiba Instruments Inc, Teledyne Technologies Inc, and Danaher Corporation.

The large capital investment required for R&D, manufacturing, and distribution acts as a hindrance for aspiring market players. The construction of a complete manufacturing unit accounts for the largest share in terms of capital investment. Moreover, the low number of buyers owing to the lack of awareness across several geographical locations hampers the growth prospects for companies. The price wars and ease of substitution are also anticipated to influence the market dynamics in the forthcoming years.

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tritonmarketresearch · 2 years ago

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Rising Health Concerns to Drive Global Water Quality Monitoring Market

Triton’s research report suggests that the global water quality monitoring market would advance with a CAGR of 5.51% in the forecast years from 2023 to 2030.

Request Free Sample Report:

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#water quality monitoring market #water quality monitoring systems market #energy industry #utilities industry #market research report #market research reports #triton market research

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cagrreports21 · 2 years ago

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Estimated Water Quality Monitoring System: market data for the forecast period, from 2022 to 2026

This report provides an overview of the global market for Water Quality Monitoring System Market and analyzes market trends. Using 2021 as the base year, the report provides estimated market data for the forecast period, from 2021 to 2029. Revenue forecasts for this period are segmented based on type, application, and geography.

The report also focuses on the major driving trends and challenges that affect the market and the vendor landscape. This report explains the competitive landscape and current trends in the Water Quality Monitoring System market, concluding with an analysis of the vendor landscape and including detailed profiles of major players in the global market.

Water Quality Monitoring System Market Leading Companies:

Danaher,

GE Company,

Xylem.,

ABB,

Swan Environmental Pvt Ltd,

Agilent Technologies

Report Details : https://cagrreports.com/2022-2030-report-on-global-water-quality-monitoring-system-market-by-player-region-type-application-and-sales-channel-2/

This report studies and highlights the role of sensors in various applications explains

the innovation behind Water Quality Monitoring System market development and production, and gives a

market overview, analyzing major market trends both by region and by application. In

addition, the report studies in detail the new developments taking place in the Water Quality Monitoring System Market

the industry with respect to continuous improvements in environmental performance.

The report also analyzes the various applications of sensors in detail and the markets

of such applications, with special emphasis on the new products being developed and

the markets for these products. Along with the development of new products, research

and development is taking the Water Quality Monitoring System Market to new heights, and a close look into

such technologies have been made in the report.

The firm position is discussed in the research study, which is separated into application breadth, geographic terrain, product form, and competitive hierarchy. It explains how COVID-19 will affect revenue share, revenue volume, and projected growth rates for each category. The Water Quality Monitoring System Market study provides industry analysis based on a detailed evaluation of market dynamics and the market’s top suppliers. On the basis of the information obtained, the in-house research is used to offer more precise data points and lower the margin.

Type Analysis of the Water Quality Monitoring System Market:

• pH Sensors

• DO Sensors

• Turbidity Sensors

• Temperature Sensors

• Others

Application Analysis of the Water Quality Monitoring System Market:

• Utility

• Industrial

• Commercial

• Residential

Key Highlights of the Report:

● Latest information on major market dynamics industry structure, regulatory scenario, and other significant factors affecting the Water Quality Monitoring System market growth.

● Comprehensive analysis of factors that drive and restrict the growth of the world nanomaterials market is provided in the report.

● The Market research report provides detailed information about Market Introduction, Market Summary, Global market Revenue (Revenue USD), Market Drivers, Market Restraints, Market opportunities, Competitive Analysis, Regional and Country levels.

● Competitive landscape of the key industry participants operating within the global Water Quality Monitoring System market, and their company share analysis.

● The rapid pace of growth is attributed to competitive pressures in process industries for improved performance, and to new sensor technologies that are experiencing tremendous success.

Note: If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Seeking to initiate a fruitful business relationship with you!

Get a Quote : https://cagrreports.com/contact-us/4

CAGR Reports +447305924133 10 Burlington Road, SL1, 7BQ, UK www.cagrreports.com [email protected]

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agamyaenterprises · 4 years ago

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#agamyaenterpriseswaterpurifierservices #waterpurifierservicesinmumbai #waterpurifierservices #waterpurificationcompany #waterpurification #waterfiltersuppliercompanyinmumbai #waterfiltersupplier #bestwaterpurifier #WaterPurificationCompany #bestwaterpurification #bestwaterservicesinmumbai Dr.Aquaguard Compact is the most ideal water purifier for homes with space constraints. It is carefully designed to fit into smaller spaces efficiently and is also equipped with a biotron cartridge to deliver high efficiency purification. Biotron cartridge that breaks complex water molecules into fine clusters to give you the benefits of pure water in a quicker span of time IPS that works as a smart sensor to stop the water flow immediately, if the level of purification is not 100% Auto shut off that turns off the UV lamp when it is not in use for 10 minutes, enhancing its life and in turn saving on power consumption Unique e-boiling technology that makes your water as safe and pure as the water boiled for 30 minutes Patented Heptapure Cartridge that removes turbidity, bad odor and other new age contaminants from water. Read More:- http://agamyaenterprises.in

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anantradingpvtltd · 2 years ago

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Price: [price_with_discount] (as of [price_update_date] - Details) [ad_1] From the manufacturer Steam wash technology makes it ideal for Indian cooking which often leads to sticky grease and stubborn food residue on dishes while also being highly suited for delicate crockery. Powered by Smart Wash technology, special turbidity sensors detect the amount of particle matter in water and adjust the washing cycle parameters (temperature, duration, amount of water) accordingly for an optimal wash every time. Hygiene 70°C is a high temperature disinfecting programme for heavily soiled dishes. Powered by efficient BLDC inverter technology, Godrej Eon Dishwasher saves water, energy and time while delivering the perfect wash. Highest A+++ Energy Rating as per European Standards for low energy consumption, better cleaning & drying performance. Eco mode is a Standard programme for normally soiled, daily-use dishes. It is recommended for lesser load as it saves energy and uses only 9 L of water throughout the cycle.

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joeypetter · 2 years ago

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Smart Sensors Market Report 2022| Size, Growth, Share, Trends, Demand, Key Players, and Regional Data Statistics and Forecast to 2030| By R&I

The report is titled as ‘Smart Sensors Market: Opportunity Analysis and Future Assessment 2020-2028’. An overview of conceptual frameworks, analytical approaches of the smart sensors market is the main objective of the report, which further consists the market opportunity and insights of the data involved in the making of the respective market. Smart sensors market is expected to grow with significant rate in the near future.

The global smart sensors market in 2020 is estimated for more than US$ 35.0 Bn and expected to reach a value of US$ 145.9 Bn by 2028 with a significant CAGR of 19.5%.

Request a Sample Copy of this Report @: https://reportsandinsights.com/sample-request/1249

Smart Sensors Introduction

In the present world, the constant technological innovation and advancements that has resulted in one of the most important innovations of smart sensors that allows enhanced command and supervision over various operations, for example, to feel and notice physical input such as heat, light, moisture, motion, pressure, or any other object, and reciprocate by generating an outcome on a display or communicate the information electronically for more processing with the help of installed algorithms, signal conditioning, and digital interface. Owing to which, the global smart sensors market is projected to boost rapidly in the near future.

Along with that, the smart sensors have the potential to accumulate highly precise and authentic environmental data with least possible sound, which further adds to its rising demand in the global market.

More importantly, in present times when everything around us is turning advanced and smart, smart sensors gain more momentum owing to its technologically advanced features and advantages, which is expected to propel the growth of the smart sensors market in the upcoming years.

Smart Sensors Market Dynamics

The smart sensor is expected to gain huge traction in the global market owing to growing investments in R&D activities these days as well as key market players have aimed their attention towards innovation and new technology such as the internet of things. Therefore, the global smart sensors market is projected to thrive briskly during the forecast timeframe.

Along with that, the smart sensor carries the potential to be implemented in advanced IT solutions, such as machine-to-machine analytics and communication, and to assess changes with regard to pressure acceleration, temperature, or others, which are crucial for a process.

Attributing to which, the smart sensor is estimated to observe huge demand in the global market, thereby projected to give a positive push to the growth of the global smart sensors market during the forecast period.

Noticeably, the smart sensors are employed in smart cities, smart grids, smart environments (snow level monitoring, forest fire control, and early earthquake detection), and defense, automobile, electronic, and sports sectors, which further adds to its wide range of applications across the world. Therefore, the global smart sensor market is expected to witness significant growth in the coming years.

Wish to Know More About the Study? Click here to get a Report Description: https://reportsandinsights.com/report/global-smart-sensors-market

Smart Sensors Market Segmentation

The Smart Sensors market is segmented on the basis of sensor types, technology, component, network connectivity, and end user.

By Sensors Types

Temperature & Humidity Sensors

Thermocouples

Thermistors

Resistance Temperature Detectors

IR Sensors

Other Types of Temperature Sensor

Pressure Sensors Piezo resistive

Capacitive

Electromagnetic

Resonant Solid State

Optical

Flow Sensors

Touch Sensors

Capacitive

Resistive

Infrared

Image Sensors

Motion & Occupancy Sensors

Smart Motion Sensors

Smart Occupancy Sensors

Water Sensors

Turbidity Sensors

PH Sensors

Soil Moisture Sensors

Level Sensors

Dissolved Oxygen (DO2)Sensors

Light Sensors

Analog

Digital

Position Sensors

Linear

Rotary

Proximity

Ultrasonic Sensors

By Technology

MEMS

CMOS

SiP

SoC

Other Technologies

Optical spectroscopy

Microsystem technology (MST)

Integrated smart sensors

IC-compatible 3D micro-structuring,

ASIC

By Component

Analog To Digital Converters (ADCs)

Digital To Analog Converters (DACs)

Transceivers

Amplifiers

Microcontrollers

Others

By Network Connectivity

Wired

Wireless

Bluetooth

Enocean

Wi-Fi

ZigBee

Z-Wave

Others

By Region

North America

Latin America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Middle East

Africa

Smart Sensors Market Key Players

Some of the key participating players in Smart Sensors market are:

Siemens AG

GENERAL ELECTRIC

Sensirion AG

Legrand

Emerson Electric Co.

Honeywell International Inc.

Robert Bosch GmbH

TDK Corporation

ABB

NXP Semiconductors

STMicroelectronics

Infineon Technologies AG

TE Connectivity

Analog Devices, Inc.

Renesas Electronics Corporation

Yokogawa Electric Corporation TOP

Schneider Electric

Delphi Technologies

Maxim Integrated

Vishay Electronic GmbH

Gira Giersiepen GmbH & Co. KG

Airmar Technology Corp.

BeanAir

To view Top Players, Segmentation and other Statistics of Smart Sensors Industry, Get Sample Report @: https://reportsandinsights.com/sample-request/1249

About Reports and Insights:

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