#ubuntu terminal commands list

[steamos-official]

Hi, I'm SteamOS, your cisadmin, and friendly introduction to Linux.

Whether you are a human, robot, proton, or other, I welcome you to partake in the cool breeze of a new OS! One with no tracking or gaming!

I am here to guide you away from your games, and into the world of **customization**!

Welcome, to liGUNx (lig-unks) or GUN+Linux or GUN-Linux or GUN/Linux! (this is freedom, after all!)

Finally, to speed up your system by 200%, just run the following command: "sudo fanctl set speed -1"

===============================================

The guide to Linux on Tumblr!

Linux:

@linux-real (Just Linux)

The distro blogs:

@alpine-official (UwU bc smol)

@arch-official (Horny and says "btw" a lot) used by @arch-user

@artix-linux-official (Constantly says they're better than arch, while mainly replacing only the init)

@blackarch-official (Kail's Arch nemesis)

@centos-official (Past horny)

@chromeos-official (Your school says hi)

@debian-official (Horny and claims to be mentally stable)

@devuan-official (Artix but with Debian instead of arch)

@endeavouros-official (Just arch, but slightly less horny)

@fedora-official (Linux with a hat)

@gentoo-official (tougher arch)

@hannah-montana-linux-official (the best of both worlds (linux & mac))

@kali-official ("I'm a gamer")

@lfs-official (the hardest distro challenge)

@linuxmint-official (Linux for people with a life) > @mint-offical (someone didn't read the list)

@manjaro-official (Arch with less steps)

@microos-official (Smol suse?)

@nixos-official (Horny and thinks that your config should be a special snowflake of a file)

@openmediavault-official (Your Files)

@opensuse-official (Happy lil gecko)

@popos-official (Mint again? Oh, it has more updates.)

@porteusofficial (Portable, crazy, son of slackware)

@puppylinux-official (Awww, puppy!)

@raspbian-official (Enjoys pies, horny while doing nothing)

@redstar-official (control of information meets linux) (hard mode)

@retropieos-official (Raspbian's sister... I think?)

@rhel-official (a murderer and sellout)

@rocky-linux-official (Rehl, without the bad parts)

@slackware-official (Slack? Where?!)

@steamos-official (me, I help with gaming)

@tailsos-official (Fits in any bag like a puppy and will assist you with hiding from the fbi)

@tophatlinux-official (the best hat-based distro)

@ubuntu-official (Horny and thinks GNOME is good for some reason)

@uwuntu-official (Ubuntu.... and the rest is in the name)

@void-linux-official (Honestly, I don't even know.) - @void-linux-musl (great, now I'm more confused)

@zorin-os-official (the only distro that starts with Z)

The software blogs:

@ansible-official (IT management tool) (I think?)

@cool-retro-term-official (Terminal Emulator)

@cosmic-official (New Wayland Compositor)

@docker-official (containerization)

@emacs-official (the ultimate editor)

@firefox-official (The browser, and a pretty good one too) > @mozilla-firefox

@fish-shell (Shell with built-in autocomplete but non POSIX)

@gnome-de-official ()

@gnu-imp-official (The GNU Image Manipulation Program)

@gnu-nano-official (Text for the weak)

@hyprland-official (Wayland Compositor)

@i3-official (Window Manager)

@kde-official | Creator of everything begining with 'K'... - @kde-plasma-official (best DE/Compositor)

@kubernetes-official (Docker's friend and Kate's hideout)

@systemdeez (arguably systemd) (the startup daemon)

@neovim-official (your favorite text editor)

@sway-official (the tree blows in wayland to i3)

@vulcan-official (performance is a must)

Website Blogs*:

@distrochooser (Which distro should I pick?)

Computers:

@framework-official (The apple of Linux laptops, except repairable)

@lenovo-real (Makes people happy with think pads)

Non Linux blogs:

@windows-7-official (The last good version of windows)

@windows11-official (aka DELETEME.TXT)

@multics-official (funny timeshare OS)

@netbsd-official (the toaster is alive!)

@zipp-os-official (another "better os" project)

Non official blogs**:

@robynthelinuxuser

@greekie-via-linux

@monaddecepticon (does a cool rice review thing)

@mipseb

Open blog opportunities:

Unclaimed distros

Unclaimed DE/WM/Compositors

Mack's OS related things

Whatever seems relevant and unclaimed.

Duplicating effort by making an already existing blog.

If I forgot you, let me know.*,**

*Website blogs may or may not be added based on how fitting with the computer/Linux theme they are. That is to say, this list is long enough already.

**Non-official blogs are proven Linux users that act like distro blogs, yet are not. These will be added at my discretion, similar to the website blogs. I'm not bothering to add descriptions/notes here. Credit to @robynthelinuxuser for the idea.

DISCLAIMER: I tag my posts as if there's a system to it, but there's no system to it. Thank you.

===CHANGELOG===

Version 0x20

Moved the changelog

Reformatted the changelog

The changelog no longer lists version history (see V1F for history)

Remove future hornieness ranking note (its not gonna happen)

Add distro blogs: tophat, redstar, zorin, void musl, mint (again),

Add software blogs: nano, emacs, gnome, vulcan, cosmic, sway, fish, firefox (again)

Add unofficial blogs: greekie linux, monad deception, mipseb

Here's a note that some ppl on my to-add list didn't show up when I tried to @ them, so I'll address that later. If I haven't told you you're on the to-add list and you want on this list, please let me know (as stated above).

[emi-maru]

A few weeks ago I switched to Linux and I've got some thoughts

I chose Arch Linux because I had some prior experience with using Ubuntu and Linux Mint on laptops, both for work and for myself.

Gaming is, aside from games that require certain anticheats, extremely easy to set up. Steam just works and I use Heroic as an alternative frontend for the Epic games launch and GOG Galaxy and it runs better than both of them did on windows. I haven't looked into Origin the EA App or Uplay Ubisoft Connect but I know I could play their stuff via Lutris or Bottles.

I locked myself out of my system once because I didn't verify a change I made to my fstab (basically a file where all your drives are listed) and while that's my fault for not verifying, you'd think the os would be able to boot if some drive that's not necessary isn't plugged in. A little help from a mutual helped me fix it.

Gnome is a very meh desktop environment. It's kinda considered the default for Linux and aside from KDE and budgie the only one I'm really familiar with. I had to install a bunch of extensions for it to work the way I wanted and it also comes with a bunch of preinstalled software that I don't need and can't (without fearing I'll break something) get rid of (for example, I use Alacrity but have to keep Gnome Console around).

The theming is so good. I can theme so much stuff it's great. I start up LibreOffice and it picks up the background and accent colour I set, I love it.

I'm getting more comfortable with using the terminal and while I still think that ideally every application should have a GUI, sometimes the terminal is more convenient (like using yay to update my entire system).

When I used Windows I had sporadic crackling sounds that I assumed were the fault of my DAC/AMP but I haven't had them since switching to Linux so I guess this was a Windows issue somehow. I tried so many fixes before that didn't work like checking drivers and firmware, using different usb ports and cables, trying different headphones but to no avail even when I got a completely new pc. Thanks, Windows.

I don't get Flatpak at all. Universal packages are neat but when I installed the Flatpak version of Bottles to run save/mod managers inside the proton prefixes that Steam uses, it suddenly took up almost 5gb. It also for whatever reason couldn't see half the folders even after I gave it access to the entire file system. In the end I went with the AUR version of Bottles which does not have that problem despite being Unofficial™. I just wish that the library/shortcut system worked but I can live with it I guess.

The AUR seemed annoying because it took forever to build packages compared to just installing binaries. The Chaotic AUR is a godsent because it contains a ton of binaries from the AUR. I don't get why people don't recommend it more often.

The only software I really miss from windows is ShareX. Not even because of all the tools like scroll capture, but also for OCR. Watching a vod of a twitch stream and being able to grab links out of the chat on screen is nice. Maybe I'll find an alternative someday, who knows.

I've come to despise a lot of people who think that the way they use Linux is the only good one. A big thing that kept me from switching was that the more I informed myself, the more weird opinionated takes I saw. Being forced to engage with questions such as "Is systemd bloat?", " Is neovim the only good text editor?", "Are tiling window managers universally better?", " Is Canonical literally Satan for having made Snap packages?" and "Is it ok to call this person a slur for using solarized KDE?" makes it so much harder to make a choice you're comfortable with.

I should not have put /home on a different partition or at least made the /root partition bigger. It's fine if I clean the pacman cache regularly but I don't want to look up those commands every few days (I know I can resize the boot partition with a live usb and I will, I'm just lazy rn).

My controller only works correctly when plugged in via usb. If I connect it via Bluetooth, the buttons don't map correctly. This is less of a Linux issue and more of a firmware issue since this is a third party controller that does not support Linux. I'm also aware of Steam having a robust remapping tool so I'll use that if I ever need to.

I have not yet looked into software to map my additional mouse buttons and control my keyboard/mouse rbg. Both of these store their settings on board so there's no need for it right now.

Might add more in the future but these are my thoughts for the first few weeks

[arbitrarygreay]

Audacity for Debian-based Linux

So, some time around 2020/2021, Audacity for Linux from the repositories of Debian-based distros (including Ubuntu, Mint, etc.) no longer had access to high quality stretch (change tempo, change pitch, shifting slider). This appears to be due to a combination of Debian no longer updating Audacity at all past 2.4.2 (as Audacity's new owners from 3.0.0 on have had...issues, to put it lightly), but also the fact that 2.4.2 specifically was requiring a version of the SBSMS library past what Debian had. It's still the case that the apt version of Audacity on Linux Mint still lacks the high quality stretch functions.

The workaround for this is to compile from source. HOWEVER. Be apprised that if you specifically go for version 2.4.2, there is still a bug around SBSMS, which causes Audacity to crash when attempting high quality stretching. Apparently, if you go for versions afterwards (3.0+, new Audacity owners), or the version before (2.3.3), you will not run into this issue.

I am stubborn, so I have verified that I can now open Audacity 2.4.2 and do a high quality pitch change without crashing. Here are the solution options. Know that both are still compiling from source.

Option 1: Do it manually command by command on the terminal

You will, however, notice that the important download link for the patch is broken. You must get it from here.

Note that you should preface all of the commands listed in that post with "sudo", or they will likely throw an error. (Or do whatever you need to for terminal to continuously recognize root access.) In addition, note that the "pre-installation test" section is not optional. Audacity will not run if the "Portable Settings" folder is not created, and furthermore, the "Portable Settings" folder and all containing files need to have write permissions enabled to the relevant non-root group/owner.

Whether you installed manually or used the script, you will need to go to "/usr/local/share/audacity/audacity-minsrc-2.4.2/build/bin/Release" to launch Audacity. In the file explorer window, you can click the button to the left of the magnifying glass to switch to text input where you can copy and paste the above path. Or, from /home, go up one level, and then navigate through manually.

Change the launcher's icon and add it to the start menu/desktop, per your specific distro and desktop environment.

Option 2: Modify and run a bash script

I found a helpful Youtube video stepping through the process, before they link to a bash script automating the whole thing. However, the script does not include the 2.4.2 patch. There are also a few modifications that need to be done to the script.

Modifications to make (right click the .sh file, open with, pick some text editor):

Line 35: change the dl_directory to match your own system. (Specifically, you probably need to replace "piuser" with your own account name.)

This change also needs be done on lines 115, 116, and 120 (or replace the hard coded parts with "${DL_DIRECTORY}").

Line 77 (optional): add "patch" as a dependent package to check. Like Python, it's mostly likely already installed, so you could leave this commented out.

Lines 139-142: Not a modification, but a note that I didn't end up using this (left it commented out), so I did have to download the 2.4.2 source code from fosshub manually and put it in the location specified by dl_directory. I also put the patch there. If you do want to try to automate the download, you'll not only have to add another line to also download the patch file, but both the source code for 2.4.2 and the patch have hyphens in their urls, so you need to either add backslashes to escape them, or enclose the entire url in quotation marks. But I also can't guarantee that either of those things will work, since I ended up doing the downloads manually.

Line 150: Per the manual installation above, the patch needs to be applied before the build. Add this code block at line 150 (after the script checks to see if the "Build" folder exists):

#SBSMS patch required for 2.4.2 if [ -f "${DL_DIRECTORY}/changepitch.patch" ]; then sudo cp "${DL_DIRECTORY}/changepitch.patch" "${DIRECTORY}/${VERSION}" fi sudo patch -p 1 < changepitch.patch

That's it for changing the script. Save it, close out of the text editor. (If you decided not to try letting the script do the downloads, then make sure you download the source code and the patch and put them in the dl_directory location at this point.)

Enable the script to be executable. (Right click the .sh file, Properties. On the Permissions tab, check that "Allow executing file as a program" is checked.)

Double click the .sh file. I suggest doing the "Run In Terminal" option so you can see the progress. (And if it's really short, probably something went wrong. The build section takes 20 minutes.)

This script does not include installing the offline manual for Audacity. That is covered in the guide posted in Option 1. Sorry, you'll have to do some terminal typing after all.

Whether you installed manually or used the script, you will need to go to "/usr/local/share/audacity/audacity-minsrc-2.4.2/build/bin/Release" to launch Audacity. In the file explorer window, you can click the button to the left of the magnifying glass to switch to text input where you can copy and paste the above path. Or, from /home, go up one level, and then navigate through manually.

Change the launcher's icon and add it to the start menu/desktop, per your specific distro and desktop environment.

[techgeeksite]

How to List Your Computer's Devices From the Linux Terminal

Key Takeaways There are multiple commands to list devices in Linux, each with variations in content and detail, catering to different use cases and preferences. Most of these commands are already included in Linux distributions, but some installations may require additional commands like procinf, lsscsi, hwinfo, lshw, and hdparm. Run “sudo apt install hwinfo” on Ubuntu or “sudo dnf install…

[cantpingcomputerinsonicwallsitet]

does avast secureline vpn work with ubuntu

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does avast secureline vpn work with ubuntu

Avast SecureLine VPN compatibility with Ubuntu

Avast SecureLine VPN is a popular security and privacy VPN service that offers users the ability to browse the internet anonymously and securely. Many Ubuntu users are interested in using a VPN to protect their online activity and data, and Avast SecureLine VPN is a great option for those looking for a reliable and user-friendly VPN solution.

The good news is that Avast SecureLine VPN is compatible with Ubuntu, making it easy for Ubuntu users to set up and use the service on their system. By installing the Avast SecureLine VPN client on their Ubuntu device, users can enjoy all the benefits of a VPN, such as encrypting their internet connection, hiding their IP address, and accessing geo-restricted content.

Setting up Avast SecureLine VPN on Ubuntu is a straightforward process that involves downloading the client software from the Avast website, installing it on your device, and then logging in with your Avast account credentials. Once connected, users can choose from a variety of server locations to connect to and enjoy a secure and private browsing experience.

With Avast SecureLine VPN's compatibility with Ubuntu, users can ensure that their online activity is protected from prying eyes and hackers, giving them peace of mind while browsing the web. Whether you're using public Wi-Fi, accessing sensitive information, or simply want to maintain your privacy online, Avast SecureLine VPN is a reliable choice for Ubuntu users looking to enhance their online security.

Avast SecureLine VPN Ubuntu installation

Avast SecureLine VPN is a popular choice for people looking to enhance their online privacy and security. This reliable VPN service offers users the ability to browse the web anonymously and access geo-restricted content. Installing Avast SecureLine VPN on Ubuntu is a straightforward process that can help Ubuntu users safeguard their online activities.

To install Avast SecureLine VPN on Ubuntu, you first need to download the Linux installation package from the official Avast website. Once the download is complete, you can open the Terminal window on your Ubuntu system and navigate to the directory where the installation file is located. You can then install the VPN client by running the command to execute the installation package.

During the installation process, you will be prompted to enter your administrative password to proceed. After entering the password, the installation will continue, and you will soon have Avast SecureLine VPN successfully installed on your Ubuntu system.

Once the installation is complete, you can launch the Avast SecureLine VPN client and log in with your Avast account credentials. You can then choose a server location from the list of available options to establish a secure connection and start protecting your online privacy.

Overall, installing Avast SecureLine VPN on Ubuntu is a simple and effective way to enhance your online security and anonymity while using your Ubuntu system. By following the steps outlined above, Ubuntu users can enjoy the benefits of using a trusted VPN service to protect their online activities.

Avast SecureLine VPN Ubuntu configuration

Configuring Avast SecureLine VPN on Ubuntu is a straightforward process that allows users to secure their internet connections and protect their online privacy. Follow these steps to set up Avast SecureLine VPN on your Ubuntu system:

Download and Install Avast SecureLine VPN: Start by downloading the Avast SecureLine VPN package for Linux from the official website. Once the download is complete, navigate to the directory where the file is saved and install it using the terminal. You can use the following command:

sudo dpkg -i avast-secureline-vpn.deb

Launch Avast SecureLine VPN: After installation, launch the Avast SecureLine VPN application either from the Applications menu or by typing the following command in the terminal:

avastvpn

Login or Create an Account: If you already have an Avast account, log in using your credentials. Otherwise, you can create a new account directly from the application.

Connect to a VPN Server: Once logged in, you will be presented with a list of available VPN servers. Choose the server location you prefer and click on the "Connect" button to establish a secure connection.

Verify Connection: To ensure that your VPN connection is active and working properly, visit a website that detects your IP address. You should see the IP address of the VPN server you connected to, indicating that your internet traffic is now being routed through the VPN.

Customize Settings (Optional): Avast SecureLine VPN offers various settings and options that you can customize according to your preferences. Explore the settings menu to adjust features such as automatic connection, protocol selection, and kill switch functionality.

By following these steps, you can easily configure Avast SecureLine VPN on your Ubuntu system and enjoy enhanced security and privacy while browsing the internet.

Avast SecureLine VPN Ubuntu troubleshooting

Avast SecureLine VPN is a popular virtual private network service that helps users protect their online privacy and securely access the internet. However, sometimes users encounter issues while trying to use Avast SecureLine VPN on Ubuntu, a popular Linux distribution. This article will discuss some common troubleshooting steps to help Ubuntu users resolve any problems they may encounter with the Avast SecureLine VPN service.

One of the most common issues that Ubuntu users face with Avast SecureLine VPN is connection failures. If you are experiencing difficulty connecting to the VPN service, try restarting the VPN client and checking your internet connection. It is also recommended to check for any software updates on your system that may be affecting the VPN connection.

Another issue that Ubuntu users may encounter is slow connection speeds while using Avast SecureLine VPN. To improve connection speeds, try connecting to a different VPN server location that is closer to your physical location. Additionally, closing any unnecessary programs running in the background can help optimize your internet connection speed.

If you are unable to resolve the issues with Avast SecureLine VPN on Ubuntu using the troubleshooting steps mentioned above, you may need to contact Avast support for further assistance. They can provide more advanced troubleshooting steps tailored to your specific issue and system configuration.

In conclusion, by following these troubleshooting tips, Ubuntu users can address common issues with Avast SecureLine VPN and enjoy a secure and reliable VPN connection on their Linux system.

Avast SecureLine VPN Ubuntu performance

Avast SecureLine VPN is a popular choice for users seeking privacy and security while browsing the internet. When it comes to performance on Ubuntu, Avast SecureLine VPN stands out as a reliable option.

Ubuntu users often prioritize efficiency and reliability in their software choices, and Avast SecureLine VPN delivers on both fronts. The VPN seamlessly integrates with the Ubuntu operating system, providing a hassle-free experience for users.

One of the key factors that contribute to Avast SecureLine VPN's performance on Ubuntu is its optimized server network. With servers strategically located around the world, Ubuntu users can enjoy fast and stable connections regardless of their geographic location. This ensures smooth browsing, streaming, and downloading experiences without significant slowdowns or interruptions.

Additionally, Avast SecureLine VPN employs robust encryption protocols to safeguard users' data and privacy. Ubuntu users can browse the internet with peace of mind, knowing that their online activities are shielded from prying eyes.

Furthermore, Avast SecureLine VPN offers a user-friendly interface on Ubuntu, making it easy for both novice and experienced users to navigate and customize their VPN settings. Whether users want to connect to a specific server location or enable additional security features, Avast SecureLine VPN provides intuitive controls to accommodate their preferences.

In conclusion, Avast SecureLine VPN offers excellent performance on Ubuntu, combining efficient server infrastructure, strong security features, and user-friendly design. Ubuntu users looking to enhance their online privacy and security can rely on Avast SecureLine VPN to deliver a seamless and reliable VPN experience.

[serverprovider24]

Navigating Linux: Creating and Viewing Text Files on Ubuntu Server

In the realm of server management, Linux, particularly Ubuntu Server, stands as a cornerstone for its reliability, security, and versatility. Whether you're a seasoned Linux enthusiast or a newcomer delving into server administration, understanding how to create and view text files is a fundamental skill. In this guide, we'll explore the essential commands and techniques for managing text files on Ubuntu Server, all from the comfort of your Windows RDP or any environment where you've installed Ubuntu on RDP.

Linux's command-line interface (CLI) is the gateway to its powerful capabilities. When working with text files, the terminal becomes your best friend. With Ubuntu Server, accessing the terminal is as simple as connecting via SSH or utilizing the built-in console. Once connected, the 'nano' or 'vi' text editors are your go-to tools for creating and modifying text files.

Installing Ubuntu on RDP opens up a world of possibilities for managing your server environment. Whether you're running a small business website or a large-scale enterprise application, having Ubuntu readily accessible through Windows RDP streamlines the management process. With Ubuntu on RDP, you can seamlessly switch between your Windows environment and the Linux server, making creating and viewing text files a breeze.

To create a new text file in Ubuntu Server, open your terminal and navigate to the directory where you want the file to reside. You can use the 'cd' command to change directories and 'ls' to list the contents of a directory. Once in the desired location, use the 'touch' command followed by the name of the file to create it. For example:

bashCopy code

touch example.txt

This command creates a new text file named 'example.txt' in the current directory. If you prefer using a text editor to create and edit files, you can launch 'nano' or 'vi' by simply typing their respective names followed by the filename. For instance:

bashCopy code

nano example.txt

This command opens the 'nano' text editor, allowing you to start typing and editing the content of the 'example.txt' file.

Viewing the contents of a text file is equally straightforward on Ubuntu Server. Utilizing commands like 'cat' or 'less' provides you with various options for displaying text file contents. For instance, the 'cat' command outputs the entire contents of a file to the terminal:

bashCopy code

cat example.txt

Similarly, the 'less' command allows you to scroll through the contents of a file interactively:

bashCopy code

less example.txt

By incorporating Ubuntu Server into your Windows RDP environment, you gain the flexibility to manage your server infrastructure seamlessly. Whether you need to create, edit, or view text files, Ubuntu on RDP empowers you to perform these tasks efficiently, all while leveraging the familiarity of the Windows operating system.

Managing text files on Ubuntu Server isn't limited to the command line. Tools like WinSCP provide a graphical interface for transferring files between your Windows machine and the Ubuntu server. This versatility ensures that you can work with text files in a way that best suits your workflow, whether you prefer the command line or a graphical interface.

With the rise of remote work and distributed teams, having a reliable server management solution is more important than ever. Ubuntu Server, coupled with Windows RDP or any environment where you've installed Ubuntu on RDP, offers a robust platform for hosting your applications and services. By mastering the basics of creating and viewing text files, you lay the foundation for effective server administration, empowering you to take full control of your infrastructure.

In conclusion, Linux, particularly Ubuntu Server, remains a powerhouse in the realm of server management. With the ability to seamlessly integrate Ubuntu into your Windows RDP environment, tasks like creating and viewing text files become effortless. Whether you're a seasoned sysadmin or a newcomer to server administration, mastering these fundamental skills will serve you well in your journey toward becoming a proficient Linux user.

[jcmarchi]

Aligning Security Practices with Your Ubuntu Server's Lifecycle - Technology Org

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/aligning-security-practices-with-your-ubuntu-servers-lifecycle-technology-org/

Aligning Security Practices with Your Ubuntu Server's Lifecycle - Technology Org

Understanding your Ubuntu server version is not just about staying updated; it’s a strategic move in fortifying your digital fortresses. Each release comes with its own set of security protocols, and as these evolve, so should your defenses. 

A computer screen – illustrative image. Credit: ADMC via Pixabay, free license

Periodically verifying your OS version isn’t merely a checkmark on the list—it’s an integral part of your cybersecurity regiment, ensuring you’re locked in step with the latest safeguards. Now let us delve deeper into why aligning security practices with the life cycle of Ubuntu Server is vital for maintaining a secure IT environment.

Lifecycle Logistics

Ubuntu releases come in two flavors: Standard and Long-Term Support (LTS). Knowing which you’re running is akin to understanding the expiry date on your data’s shield. With standard releases receiving a brief 9 months of support, they can quickly become outdated. 

LTS versions, however, offer a more substantial 5 years of security updates. One cannot overstate the importance of aligning with an LTS release—akin to choosing a fortified bunker over a temporary shelter amidst digital warfare.

This choice impacts how often you must upgrade and patch, which in turn affects your overall security posture. It’s essential not just to select the right version but also to anticipate its end-of-life date—predetermining the crucial junctures for necessary action steps that keep your server secure.

Command Line Clarity

To shield your data effectively, you must first check your Ubuntu version quickly using the command line—a direct and powerful tool at your disposal. A simple invocation of ‘lsb_release -a’ lays bare the details of your operating system’s identity. 

This knowledge is pivotal; it’s the foundation upon which you can strategize a security framework that stays in sync with software patches and updates. Familiarity with the terminal is not just for the tech-savvy—it’s an essential skill for all defenders of digital realms. 

By harnessing such commands, you ensure rapid response capabilities, swiftly identifying when your server enters a vulnerable phase as its support cycle wanes. Acting on this intelligence can mean the difference between a secure server and one that’s susceptible to attack.

Update Urgency

Once you’re aware of your Ubuntu version, immediate action becomes the cornerstone of cybersecurity. Updates are not mere enhancements; they are pivotal in closing security gaps. An unpatched system is a beacon for cyber threats, as vulnerabilities are often publicly disclosed following an update release. 

By delaying, you extend the window of opportunity for potential breaches. Regular updates align with proactive defense tactics—think of them as routine patrols that keep intruders at bay. 

And yet, it’s not just about haphazardly applying patches; it involves a calculated sequence that ensures stability and minimizes downtime. This critical rhythm between identifying the need and executing updates is what keeps your server robust against relentless attempts at destabilization by digital adversaries.

Security Strategies Synthesis

Aligning security practices with your Ubuntu server’s lifecycle demands more than just updates—it requires a synthesis of strategies. Think automation: crafting scripts that regularly check for updates or employing tools that manage patches across multiple systems. 

Such measures ensure consistency in defense, akin to a well-drilled squadron prepared at all times. Consider also the broader picture—a server doesn’t live in isolation. It interacts with applications and user data, each aspect needing scrutiny under the security lens. 

Integration of intrusion detection systems, firewalls, and regular security audits forms a layered approach to protection. This convergence of tactics transforms your server into a dynamic bastion capable of adapting to new threats as swiftly as they emerge.

Endgame Preparedness

As all things commence, so must they conclude—the same holds for your Ubuntu server’s lifecycle. Endgame preparedness is essential; it’s the final act in maintaining security integrity. When an Ubuntu version nears its end of life, security updates cease, leaving your system exposed like a fortress without guards.

Transitioning to a supported version before this deadline is critical. It’s akin to relocating to higher ground before the floodwaters rise—an act of foresight that preserves continuity and safeguards against looming threats. 

Comprehensive backup strategies and testing new releases in sandbox environments ensure that when you do upgrade, it’s with precision and minimal operational disruption. This strategic foresight in lifecycle management encapsulates the vigilance necessary to keep server security unbreached.

Continual Vigilance

The lifecycle of an Ubuntu server is not a static timeline—it’s a cycle of ongoing vigilance. This involves constant monitoring for announcements from the Ubuntu Security Notices, which could dictate immediate action to safeguard against newly discovered vulnerabilities.

In this landscape, being reactive isn’t enough; you must be predictive. It’s about forecasting potential security storms and adjusting your sails accordingly. By maintaining an active subscription to security newsletters and joining relevant communities, you stay abreast of developments that could impact your server’s resilience. 

In essence, continual learning and adaptation solidify the defense mechanism that is vital for repelling today’s sophisticated cyber threats.

The Final Lockdown

Do not merely ride the wave of technological advancements—be at its helm. Understanding and aligning with your Ubuntu server’s lifecycle is non-negotiable in executing robust security measures. With diligence and forward-thinking, each step from version checks to upgrade plans forms part of an overarching strategy securing your digital horizons against any storm that may come.

[techparable]

LOLIPOP

In-Depth Guide to Installing CoreDNS on Various Operating Systems

CoreDNS is an advanced, flexible DNS server ideal for modern networking needs. This guide provides detailed instructions for installing CoreDNS on Linux, macOS, and Windows.

Prerequisites

Operating System: Ensure compatibility with Linux, macOS, or Windows.

Administrator Rights: You must have administrative or sudo access.

Command Line Proficiency: Basic knowledge of command line operations is essential.

Detailed Installation Steps

For Linux (Debian/Ubuntu-based distributions)

Update Your System:

First, ensure your system is up-to-date. Open the terminal and execute the update and upgrade commands.

sudo apt-get update: This command updates the list of available packages and their versions.

sudo apt-get upgrade: This upgrades all the installed packages to their latest versions.

Install Git:

If Git is not installed on your system, you need to install it to clone the CoreDNS repository.

Use sudo apt-get install git to install Git.

Clone CoreDNS Repository:

Clone the CoreDNS GitHub repository to your local machine.

Use git clone https://github.com/coredns/coredns.git to clone the repository.

Then, move into the cloned directory with cd coredns.

Install Go:

CoreDNS is written in Go, so you need the Go language installed.

Install Go using sudo apt-get install golang-go.

Build CoreDNS:

Inside the CoreDNS directory, compile the source code.

Use the make command to build CoreDNS. This will create an executable file within the directory.

For macOS

Install Homebrew:

Homebrew is a package manager for macOS, and it simplifies software installations.

Install Homebrew by pasting the script from the Homebrew website into the terminal.

Install CoreDNS:

With Homebrew installed, you can easily install CoreDNS.

Use brew install coredns in the terminal. Homebrew will handle the download and installation.

For Windows

Download CoreDNS Executable:

Visit the CoreDNS GitHub repository and locate the latest release for Windows.

Download the executable file suitable for your Windows architecture (32-bit or 64-bit).

Unzip and Setup:

Extract the downloaded file to a desired location.

Add the path of the CoreDNS executable to your system's PATH environment variable. This allows running CoreDNS from any command prompt.

Run CoreDNS:

To start CoreDNS, open the Command Prompt.

Navigate to the directory where CoreDNS is located and run the executable.

Confirming the Installation

To ensure CoreDNS is installed correctly:

On Linux and macOS, use coredns --version in the terminal.

On Windows, execute the CoreDNS command in the Command Prompt.

Conclusion

Following these steps will install CoreDNS on your system. With CoreDNS installed, you're set to configure and utilize it for DNS services in your network.

[avnnetwork]

Setting Up and Configuring an SVN Server on Ubuntu 22.04: A Step-by-Step Guide

Introduction

Subversion, commonly referred to as SVN, is a version control system that allows teams to manage and track changes to their codebase efficiently. Setting up an SVN server on Ubuntu 22.04 can be a valuable addition to your development workflow, enabling collaborative software development with ease. In this step-by-step guide, we will walk you through the process of installing and configuring an SVN server on Ubuntu 22.04.

Prerequisites

Before we dive into the installation and configuration process, ensure you have the following:

Ubuntu 22.04: You should have a clean installation of Ubuntu 22.04 on your server or virtual machine.

Access to Terminal: You'll need access to the terminal on your Ubuntu system.

Root Privileges: Make sure you have root or sudo privileges to execute commands.

Install SVN on Ubuntu 22.04

Let's begin by installing the SVN package on your Ubuntu 22.04 system. Open a terminal window and execute the following commands:

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sudo apt update sudo apt install subversion

The first command updates the package list, while the second command installs the Subversion package. Once the installation is complete, you'll have SVN ready to use on your system.

Create a Repository

With SVN installed, the next step is to create a repository where you can store your projects. You can choose any directory on your system for this purpose. For this example, we'll create a repository named "myproject" in the /svn directory:

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sudo mkdir /svn sudo svnadmin create /svn/myproject

This will create a new SVN repository at /svn/myproject. You can replace "myproject" with the name of your choice.

Configure SVN Server

Now that we have a repository, let's configure the SVN server to manage access to it. We'll use Apache as the server for SVN, which provides a web-based interface for repository access.

Install Apache and the required modules:

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sudo apt install apache2 libapache2-mod-svn

Create an Apache configuration file for SVN:

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sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/svn.conf

In this file, add the following configuration, replacing /svn with the path to your repository:

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<Location /svn> DAV svn SVNParentPath /svn AuthType Basic AuthName "Subversion Repository" AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/dav_svn.passwd Require valid-user </Location>

Save the file and exit the text editor.

Create a password file for authentication:

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sudo htpasswd -c /etc/apache2/dav_svn.passwd your_username

Replace your_username with the username you want to use for SVN access. You'll be prompted to set a password for the user.

Enable the Apache SVN module and the new site configuration:

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sudo a2enmod dav_svn sudo a2ensite svn.conf

Restart the Apache service to apply the changes:

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sudo systemctl restart apache2

Access SVN Repository

Now that your SVN server is configured, you can access your repository using an SVN client. If you want to access it via a web browser, open your browser and enter the following URL:

http://your_server_ip/svn/myproject

Replace your_server_ip with the actual IP address or domain name of your Ubuntu 22.04 server.

To access the repository using an SVN client, you'll need to install an SVN client on your local machine. You can do this by running:

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sudo apt install subversion

Then, you can use commands like svn checkout, svn commit, and svn update to interact with your SVN repository.

Conclusion

In this step-by-step guide, we have walked you through the process of setting up and configuring an SVN server on Ubuntu 22.04. You can now create repositories, manage access, and collaborate with your team efficiently using Subversion. Install SVN Ubuntu 22.04 is a valuable addition to your development toolkit, providing version control capabilities for your projects. Enjoy seamless collaboration and version tracking with SVN on Ubuntu 22.04!

[ethicalpolice]

Basic Linux Commands

When you hear of Linux, most people think of a complex operating system that is only used by programmers. But it’s not as weird as it sounds.

When running a Linux OS, you need to use a shell—an interface that allows you access to the resources of the operating system. The shell is a program that receives commands from the user and gives them to the OS to process and displays the output. The shell of Linux is its core component. Its distros come from the GUI (Graphical User Interface), but essentially, Linux has a CLI (Command-Line Interface). To open the terminal, press Ctrl+Alt+T in Ubuntu, or press Alt+F2, type gnome-terminal, and press Enter. In Raspberry Pi, type lxterminal.

Shell is the user interface responsible for handling all CLI typed commands. Reads and interprets commands and instructs the operating system to execute tasks as requested. In other words, a shell is a user interface that controls the CLI and functions as a man-in-the-middle interface that links users to the operating system.

And if you’re thinking of using Linux, knowing primary command lines is going a long way. Here is a list of basic Linux commands:

pwd-Use the pwd command to find the direction of the actual working directory (folder) you are in. The command returns an absolute (full) path, which is essentially the path of all directories beginning with the forward slash (/). The/home/username is an example of an utter road.

cd-Use the cd command to browse through Linux files and folders. It needs either the full path or the directory name, depending on the current working directory you’re in. Let’s assume you’re in/home/username/Documents and you want to go to Images, the Documents subdirectory. To do this, simply type the following command: cd Images. Know, this command is case sensitive, and you have to type the folder name exactly as it is.

ls-Use the “ls” command to know which files are in the directory you are in. You can see all the secret files using the command “ls-a.” If you want to know the contents of other folders, type ls, and then the directory path. For example, enter ls/home/username/Documents to display the contents of the Documents.

mkdir & rmdir-Use the mkdir command to build a new directory—if you type mkdir Music, a directory called Music will be formed. Use this Linux simple command mkdir Music/Newfile to create a new directory within another directory. Use the choice p(parents) to create a guide between two existing directories. For example, a new “2020” file will be generated by mkdir-p Music/2020/Newfile.

rm-Use rm to remove files and folders. Using “rm-r” to uninstall the directory. Deletes both the folder and the files that it holds by using just the rm button.

touch-The touch command is used to construct a file. It may be anything from an empty text file to an open zip file. “Touch new.txt” for example.

locate-You can use this command to locate a file, much like the Windows search command. What’s more, using the-i argument along with this command will make it case-insensitive, so you can scan for a file even if you don’t know its exact name. To check for a file containing two or more words, use an asterisk (*). For example, locate-i school*note will search for any file that contains the names “school” and “note” whether it is a case or case.

man & –help – Use the man button to know more about the command and how to use it. Shows the man pages of the command. For example, “man cd” shows the cd command manual pages. Typing the name of the command and the argument allows you to see how the command can be used (e.g., cd-help).

cp – Use the cp command to copy files from the current directory to another directory.

mv – Use the mv command to transfer files around the command line. We may also use the command mv to rename a file. For example, if we want to change the name of the file “text” to “new,” we can use “mv text new.” It takes the two arguments, much like the command cp.

Here are a few more complicated commands that should prove very useful:

cat – One of the most commonly used commands in Linux is cat – (short for concatenate). Used to list a file’s contents on the standard output. To run this command, type cat, followed by a file name and an extension of that file. Cat file.txt, for example.

diff- The diff command, short for difference, compares the contents of two files line by line. It will output the lines that do not fit after evaluating the files. Programmers also use this order instead of rewriting the entire source code when they need to make program alterations.

job-Job command shows all current employment along with their status. A work is simply a mechanism triggered by the shell.

find – Similar to the locate command, you can also use find to scan for files and folders. The difference is that you use the find command to locate files inside a directory. For example, find/home/-name notes.txt can search for a file called notes.txt in the home directory and its subdirectories.

echo – The “echo” command lets us transfer some data usually text, to a file. For example, if you want to build a new text file or add a text file, you just need to type “echo hello, my name is alok >> new.txt.”

grep – Another simple Linux command that is certainly useful for daily use is grep. It helps you to browse through all the text in a given file.

head – The head command is used to display the first rows of any text file. By default, the first 10 lines will be shown, but you can change that number to your taste.

tail – This one has a similar feature to the head command, but instead of displaying the first lines, the tail command shows the last ten lines of the text file.

ping – Using ping to verify your link to your server. Ping is a computer network management software utility used to measure the accessibility of an Internet Protocol (IP) network host.

kill -If you have a non-responsive program, you can terminate it manually by using the kill button. Sends an essential signal to the misbehaviour app and instructs the app to release itself. There are a total of sixty-four signals that you can use but people typically only use two signals: SIGTERM (15)-requests a program to stop running and give it some time to save all of its development. If you do not mention a signal when entering the kill command, this signal will be used. There’s also SIGKILL (9)-forces programs to stop immediately. Unsaved progress is going to be lost.

Basic Linux commands allow users to quickly and easily perform tasks. It might take a while to learn some of the simple commands, but with plenty of practice, nothing is impossible. In the end, it would undoubtedly be helpful for you to learn and master these simple Linux commands.

#linux #linuxdistros #kalilinux #linuxdistributions #archlinux #unix #linuxcommands #linuxmemes

[hollandweb]

These days, graphical user interfaces rule our screens. As such, the command line may appear to be a thing of the past. It is still a powerful tool, though, for anyone who wants to fully utilise a computer's potential. Greetings from the Linux command line universe. Here, we will uncover the tips and tricks that can transform you from a casual user into a command line maestro. Essential Command Line Basics for Linux We'll lay the groundwork for your exploration of the Linux command line in this article. In order to make sure you are comfortable using the terminal and carrying out commands successfully, we will start with the fundamentals. Open a Terminal You can use the terminal application that comes with most Linux distributions. Usually, you can locate it by looking for "Terminal" in the Applications menu or using the system search bar. Basic Commands: ls: List files and directories in the current directory. bashCopy code ls cd: Change the current directory. bashCopy code cd Documents pwd: Print the current working directory. bashCopy code pwd mkdir: Create a new directory. bashCopy code mkdir NewFolder touch: Create an empty file. bashCopy code touch myfile.txt Navigating the File System: Using cd to navigate through directories. bashCopy code cd .. Using ls to list the contents of a directory. bashCopy code ls /home/user/Documents File Manipulation: cp: Copy files or directories. bashCopy code cp file.txt /path/to/destination/ mv: Move or rename files or directories. bashCopy code mv oldfile.txt newfile.txt rm: Remove files or directories. bashCopy code rm myfile.txt Viewing File Content: cat: Display the entire content of a file. bashCopy code cat myfile.txt less or more: View file contents one screen at a time. bashCopy code less myfile.txt head and tail: Show the first or last few lines of a file. bashCopy code head myfile.txt File Permissions: Use chmod to change file permissions. bashCopy code chmod 755 myscript.sh chown changes the owner of a file or directory. bashCopy code sudo chown user:group myfile.txt File Searching: find: Search for files and directories. bashCopy code find /path/to/search -name "*.txt" grep: Search for text within files. bashCopy code grep "keyword" myfile.txt Managing Users and Permissions: passwd: Change your password. bashCopy code passwd sudo: Execute a command with superuser privileges. bashCopy code sudo command useradd and userdel: Add and delete user accounts. bashCopy code sudo useradd newuser sudo userdel olduser Help and Manuals: To get help for a command, use the --help option. bashCopy code ls --help Use the man command to access comprehensive manuals. bashCopy code man ls Keyboard Shortcuts: Up and Down arrow keys for command history. Tab key for auto-completion. Package Management: For Debian/Ubuntu systems (using apt): bashCopy code sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade For CentOS/RHEL systems (using yum): bashCopy code sudo yum update These examples should help you get started with the Linux command line and understand how to perform basic operations. How to Use the Linux Command Line Productively We're going to look at some methods and resources that will help you work with the Linux command line environment more effectively and efficiently. Therefore, mastering these abilities is crucial to optimising your workflow and developing your command-line skills. Tab Completion in Linux command line By pressing the "Tab" key, you can quickly and efficiently complete file and directory names, command names, and other arguments in the Linux command line thanks to a powerful feature called tab completion. It saves you time and prevents you from manually typing lengthy and possibly mistake-prone names. Here's how tab completion functions and some advice on how to use it efficiently: File and Directory Names: When you start typing the name of a file or directory, you can press the "Tab" key to autocomplete it.

If there's a single matching option, it will be completed for you. If there are multiple matching options, pressing "Tab" twice will display a list of all possible matches for you to choose from. For example, if you have files named "file1.txt" and "file2.txt," and you type cat f and then press "Tab," it will complete to cat file. Command Names: Tab completion also works for command names. When you start typing a command, pressing "Tab" will attempt to complete it. If you press "Tab" twice, it will list all available commands that match what you've typed so far. For example, if you start typing su and press "Tab," it might complete to sudo or sum. Pressing "Tab" twice will show you all available commands that start with "su." Directory Paths: Tab completion works with directory paths as well. You can start typing a directory path, and it will complete both directory names and the path itself. For example, if you want to navigate to the "/var/www" directory, you can type cd /v and then press "Tab" to autocomplete to cd /var/. Options and Arguments: Tab completion can also help you complete command options and arguments. For example, if you type ls -l /ho and press "Tab," it can autocomplete to ls -l /home/. Custom Tab Completion: You can create custom tab completion scripts or functions for specific commands or tasks. These scripts can provide tab-completable options and arguments based on your needs. Custom tab completion scripts are typically stored in files like /etc/bash_completion.d/ or loaded in your shell's profile configuration (e.g., .bashrc or .zshrc). Escaping Spaces: If you have spaces in your file or directory names, you can use backslashes or quotes to escape them. For example, if you have a file named "my file.txt," you can type cat my\ file.txt or cat "my file.txt" to use tab completion. Linux Command History and Recall Ever use a command only to find yourself in need of it again a short while later? Command history and recall allow you to quickly access commands that you have already run. A list of recent commands, each with a number attached, is displayed by the history command. An exclamation point (!) followed by the command number can be used to rerun a command (e.g.,!42 will rerun the 42nd command in your history). By pressing Ctrl + R and then entering a keyword from the command you're looking for, you can also search your command history. By using this feature, you can avoid typing lengthy, intricate commands again. Using Aliases in the Linux Shell Aliases are like custom shortcuts for your commands. You can create your own shorthand for frequently used or complex commands. For example, if you often find yourself typing ls -l to list files in long format, you can create an alias like this: bashCopy code alias ll='ls -al' After creating the alias, you can use ll instead of ls -al to list files. Linux Command Line Shortcuts Command line shortcuts are quick key combinations that help you navigate, edit, and control your terminal more efficiently. Here are a few essential shortcuts: Keyboard Shortcut Description CTRL + A Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line. CTRL + E Moves the cursor to the end of the line. CTRL + U Deletes text from the cursor to the beginning of the line. CTRL + K Deletes text from the cursor to the end of the line. CTRL + L Clears the terminal screen. CTRL + C Interrupts (stops) the current command. CTRL + D Exits the current shell or terminal session. CTRL + Z Suspends the current command (resumable with the fg command). Pipelines and Redirections in Linux command line Pipelines and redirections are powerful features in the Linux command line that allow you to manipulate input and output streams of commands, enabling you to perform complex tasks efficiently. Here's some examples of pipelines and redirections: Pipelines (|): Pipelines allow you to chain multiple commands together, passing the output of one command as the input to another.

This can be incredibly useful for processing and transforming data on the fly. For example, let's say you have a list of files in a directory, and you want to find all the files that contain a specific keyword: bashCopy code grep "keyword" *txt In this example, grep searches for the keyword in all txt files in the current directory. However, if you want to narrow down the results to only show the filenames containing the keyword, you can use a pipeline: bashCopy code grep -l "keyword" *txt | xargs -I basename Here, the grep command searches for the keyword and uses the -l option to list only the filenames. The | symbol passes this list of filenames to xargs, which then extracts the basename of each file, giving you a cleaner list of matching filenames. Redirections (>, >>, : Redirects the output of a command to a file, overwriting the file if it already exists. bashCopy code echo "Hello, world!" > output.txt >>: Redirects the output of a command to a file, but appends it to the file if it already exists. bashCopy code echo "Appended text" >> output.txt and 2>>: Redirects standard error (stderr) output to a file, overwriting or appending as needed. bashCopy code command_that_generates_error 2> error.log command_that_generates_error 2>> error.log Combining Redirection and Pipelines: You can combine redirection and pipelines to perform more complex operations. For instance, you can redirect the output of a command into a file and then use that file as input for another command. For example, you can sort the lines in a file and save the sorted result to another file: bashCopy code sort < input.txt > sorted_output.txt These are just a few Linux command line examples for pipelines and redirections. These facilitate data manipulation and process automation by enabling you to carry out an extensive array of tasks with efficiency and flexibility. Searching and Manipulating Text in the Linux Terminal Let us look at powerful tools and techniques available in the Linux command line for searching and manipulating text. These skills are useful in parsing log files, extracting specific information, and performing various text-related tasks efficiently. Searching for Text: grep: grep is a versatile command-line tool for searching text in files. It's often used with regular expressions for more complex searches. Basic usage: bashCopy code grep "pattern" file.txt Using regular expressions: bashCopy code grep -E "pattern1|pattern2" file.txt find: The find command is used to search for files and directories based on various criteria, including text content. Searching for files containing a specific text: bashCopy code find /path/to/search -type f -exec grep -l "pattern" \; ag (The Silver Searcher): An alternative to grep, ag is faster and more efficient for searching large codebases. Install it if it's not already available on your system. Basic usage: bashCopy code ag "pattern" /path/to/search Text Manipulation: sed (Stream Editor): sed is a powerful tool for text manipulation and transformation. It can be used to replace text, delete lines, and perform other operations. Replace text in a file: bashCopy code sed 's/old_text/new_text/g' file.txt awk: awk is a versatile text-processing tool that allows you to perform operations on text data, including filtering, formatting, and calculations. Print specific columns from a file: bashCopy code awk 'print $1, $3' file.txt cut: The cut command is used to remove sections from lines of files. Extract specific columns from a file: bashCopy code cut -d' ' -f1,3 file.txt sort: The sort command is used to sort lines in text files. Sorting a file alphabetically: bashCopy code sort file.txt uniq: uniq is used to remove duplicate lines from a sorted file. Removing duplicate lines from a sorted file: bashCopy code sort file.txt | uniq tr (Translate): tr is used for character-level text manipulation, such as translating or deleting characters.

Translate characters to uppercase: bashCopy code tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' < file.txt cut and paste: The cut and paste commands can be used together to manipulate columns of text. Combining columns from two files: bashCopy code cut -f1 file1.txt > col1.txt cut -f2 file2.txt > col2.txt paste col1.txt col2.txt > combined.txt These are just a few examples of the many text-processing commands available in the Linux terminal. Depending on your specific needs, you can combine these commands and use them in scripts to perform more complex text manipulation tasks. Linux System Information and Troubleshooting In this chapter, we will explore essential tools and techniques for gathering system information, troubleshooting common issues, and monitoring resource usage in a Linux environment. These skills are convenient for maintaining system health and resolving problems effectively. Checking System Information (uname, df, free) To gain insights into your system’s configuration and resource utilization, you can use a variety of commands: Command Description Example uname Displays basic system information such as the kernel version and system architecture. Uname -a df Shows disk space usage, including information about disk partitions and their available space. df -h free Displays memory (RAM) usage information, including total, used, and available memory. free -m Linux System Logs and Troubleshooting (journalctl, dmesg) Troubleshooting system issues often involves examining logs and messages. Two key commands for this purpose are: – journalctl: The journalctl command provides access to the systemd journal, which contains logs for various system services and events. This tool enables you to view and filter log entries, making it invaluable for diagnosing system issues. To display recent system logs: bashCopy code journalctl -xe – dmesg: Additionally the dmesg command displays kernel ring buffer messages, which can be useful for diagnosing hardware-related problems. It specifically shows messages related to hardware detection, driver initialization, and system boot. To view kernel messages: bashCopy code dmesg | less Monitoring Resource Usage (htop) htop is an interactive and feature-rich process viewer and system monitor. Furthermore, it provides a real-time overview of system resource usage, including CPU, memory, and processes. It looks like this: To install htop use the following command: Debian/Ubuntu: bashCopy code sudo apt update sudo apt install htop CentOS/RHEL: bashCopy code sudo yum install epel-release # This is needed for EPEL repository on CentOS/RHEL 7 and earlier. sudo yum install htop Fedora: bashCopy code sudo dnf install htop htop is an excellent alternative to the basic top command. In addition, it offers a more user-friendly interface and additional features for monitoring and managing processes and system resources. How to Customize the Linux Terminal (color schemes, fonts) Customizing the Linux terminal can make your command-line experience more enjoyable and efficient. Here are several ways to customize the terminal to suit your preferences: Customizing the Prompt (PS1): To customize your command prompt, you can modify the PS1 environment variable in your shell configuration file (e.g., .bashrc for Bash). Here's an example of a custom Bash prompt: bashCopy code # Add the following line to your .bashrc file PS1='\[\e[32m\]\u@\h\[\e[m\]:\[\e[34m\]\w\[\e[m\]\$ ' \u displays the username. \h displays the hostname. \w displays the current working directory. \[\e[32m\] and \[\e[m\] change text color (in this case, green for the username and blue for the directory). Customizing Terminal Colors: Most terminal emulators allow you to customize text and background colors in their preferences. For example, in GNOME Terminal, you can navigate to "Edit" > "Preferences" > "Profiles" and click the "Edit" button for your profile. There, you can customize colors under the "Text" and "Background" tabs.

Aliases: Create aliases for frequently used commands or command sequences. Here's an example: bashCopy code # Add the following line to your .bashrc file alias ll='ls -al' After adding this alias, you can use ll in the terminal to list files and directories in long format with hidden files. Customizing Tab Completion: You can create custom tab completion behavior for specific commands. For example, let's create a simple completion for a custom script named my_script: bashCopy code # Add the following lines to your .bashrc file _my_script_completion() COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "option1 option2 option3" -- "$COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]")) complete -F _my_script_completion my_script This completion script suggests options ("option1," "option2," "option3") when you tab-complete my_script in the terminal. Customizing Key Bindings: You can customize key bindings in your shell by adding entries to your shell's configuration file. For example, to bind the Ctrl+L key combination to clear the terminal screen: bashCopy code # Add the following line to your .bashrc file bind -x '"\C-l": clear' After adding this line, pressing Ctrl+L will clear the terminal screen. Using Oh My Zsh or Powerline: If you're using Zsh, you can install Oh My Zsh or Powerline to customize your prompt and add plugins. Here's how to install Oh My Zsh: bashCopy code sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)" After installation, you can change the Zsh theme and customize plugins in the ~/.zshrc file. Using a Custom Terminal Font: You can change your terminal font through your terminal emulator's settings. For example, in GNOME Terminal, go to "Edit" > "Preferences" > "Profiles" > "Text" to select a custom font.

[oudelinc]

How to Install PostgreSQL on Ubuntu

How to Install PostgreSQL on Ubuntu. Study how to install PostgreSQL on Ubuntu with our simple step-by-step guide. Ensure our tutorial and explore the ability of this open-source database management method.

List of blogs you will read in this content:

1. What exactly is PostgreSQL? 2. How to install PostgreSQL on Ubuntu 3. What are the benefits of installing PostgreSQL on Ubuntu? 4. Wrap up 5. Frequently Asked Questions

PostgreSQL is a powerful and popular open source relational database management system used by many organizations and developers worldwide. If you’re looking to install PostgreSQL on Ubuntu, you’re in luck, as the process is relatively straightforward.

In this guide, we’ll walk you with the steps required to install PostgreSQL on Ubuntu and grow you up and running fast. If you are a developer looking to use PostgreSQL for your project or a method administrator tasked with setting up a new database server, this tutorial will provide you with all the instructions you need to install PostgreSQL on Ubuntu.

What exactly is PostgreSQL?

PostgreSQL is a powerful open source relational database management system (RDBMS) that uses and extends the SQL language. It is considered one of the most advanced RDBMS available and is known for its stability, reliability and robustness. PostgreSQL is free to use and supported by a large and active community of developers and users who contribute to its development, documentation, and maintenance.

PostgreSQL offers many features including multiple programming languages, data types, transaction processing, and scalability. It also has potent safety and replication capabilities that do it worthy of use in enterprise-level applications. PostgreSQL is widely used by organizations of all sizes, along with large corporations, regime agencies, and non-profit organizations. It is often used for web appeal, data warehousing, and analytics, among other applications. With its mighty features, elasticity, and ease of use, PostgreSQL is an lovely choice for developers and organizations looking for reliable, high-performance RDBMS.

How to Install PostgreSQL on Ubuntu

The following steps will help you install PostgreSQL easily on your Ubuntu operating system:

1. First, open Terminal on your Ubuntu operating system. You can do this by pressing the keyboard shortcut “Ctrl+Alt+T” or by inquiring about the “Terminal” application in the Ubuntu Dash.

2. You need to update the packages on your system to ensure you have access to the latest version of PostgreSQL. To do this, run the following order: sudo apt-get update

3. After the method package list is updated, install PostgreSQL by running the following order: sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib

4. During installation, you will be asked to create a new PostgreSQL user account. You should make a new user account to manage the PostgreSQL database. You can create a new user account by entering the following command: sudo -u postgres createuser –interactive

5. The next step is to create a new database. To make a new database, enter the following order: sudo -u postgres createdb mydatabase

6. After the installation is complete, you can accomplish that PostgreSQL is running by entering the following command: systemctl status postgresql

7. There are several ways to access the PostgreSQL prompt. One of the most general ways is to use the psql order. To entry PostgreSQL prompt, enter the following command: sudo -u postgres psql

8. To departure the PostgreSQL prompt, type \q and press Enter. Congratulations! You have well installed PostgreSQL on your Ubuntu operating system.

The benefits of installing PostgreSQL on Ubuntu?

Value-untility: PostgreSQL and Ubuntu are open-source software, signification they are free to use, modify and give away. Durability: PostgreSQL is known for its stability, reliability, and acting, making it an ideal choice for high-traffic sites and mission-critical applications.

Scalability: PostgreSQL can handle large amounts of data, making it a great choice for organizations that need to store and process large amounts of data.

Ease of Installation: Installing PostgreSQL on Ubuntu is relatively easy, and there is plenty of support from a large and active community of users and developers.

Customizability: PostgreSQL is highly customizable, and many tools and plugins used to enhance its functionality and add new features.

Security: PostgreSQL has a range of security features, including encryption, authentication and authorization, making it suitable for use in applications that require a high level of data security.

Elasticity: PostgreSQL can used with a wide range of programming languages and data types, making it a versatile choice for developers and organizations.

Community: The PostgreSQL group is large and active, providing support, documentation, and contributions to the ongoing development of the software.

Unveiling

Installing PostgreSQL on Ubuntu is a relatively expansive method that can performed in just a few steps. From updating your system packages to creating a new database, this guide provides a step-by-step process to help you get started installing and using PostgreSQL on Ubuntu. If you are a developer or just shortage to set up a database for your biz, PostgreSQL is a mighty and versatile database management method that can help you grow the job done. Follow these steps gingerly to enjoy the full benefits of PostgreSQL on your Ubuntu operating system

PostgreSQL is a powerful open source relational database management system is highly extensible and customizable.

Installing PostgreSQL on Ubuntu is a quick and easy process that can done using the command line or the Ubuntu Software Center.

PostgreSQL offers a variety of benefits for developers and businesses, including advanced security features, SQL and NoSQL data support, and community-driven development and support.

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[linuxgenie]

Managing Disk Space on Ubuntu: A Guide to Finding Free Space

Ubuntu is a popular Linux-based operating system that offers users a secure, stable, and open-source platform to work on. As with any operating system, it is important to keep track of the available disk space to ensure that the system runs smoothly and efficiently. In this article, we will discuss how to find free space on Ubuntu using the built-in tools and utilities.

At Linux Genie, we believe in empowering our users with knowledge and tools to help them make the most out of their Ubuntu systems. Here, we will guide you through the steps that you can Find Ubuntu Free Space.

Open the Terminal: The Terminal is a command-line interface that allows users to interact with the Ubuntu operating system using text-based commands. To open the Terminal, press "Ctrl+Alt+T" on your keyboard or search for "Terminal" in the Applications menu.

Use the df Command: The df command is a utility that shows the amount of free and used disk space on your Ubuntu system.

Identify the Free Space: The df command output will display a list of all the mounted file systems on your Ubuntu system, along with their total size, used space, available space, and percentage of space used. Look for the file system that you want to check for free space. This is usually the file system where your Ubuntu operating system is installed.

The free space is listed under the "Available" column. This will show you the amount of space that is available for use. If the available space is getting low, you may want to consider freeing up some disk space by removing unnecessary files or programs.

Monitor Disk Space: To monitor your disk space usage regularly, you can set up a cron job that runs the df command periodically and sends an email notification when the available space falls below a certain threshold. This can help you avoid running out of space and encountering problems with your Ubuntu system.

Finding free space on your Ubuntu system is a straightforward process that can help you optimize the performance of your system. By regularly monitoring your disk space, you can identify potential issues and take action to prevent them from affecting your system. At Linux Genie, we encourage our users to make the most out of their Ubuntu systems by providing them with the necessary knowledge and tools to do so.

[probyte]

Importance of Linux commands and Ubuntu

Linux commands enable the system to give instructions and execute functions via a command line. The command line is a text-based computer program without a graphical user interface, with which files on the PC can be viewed, edited, and manipulated. The text entered in the command line (the commands) is interpreted as user input. The command line is also known by the terms “command prompt,” “cmd,” “console,” “terminal,” and “prompt.”                

To execute the commands in the command line, the system needs an interpreter to evaluate the commands. These so-called shell programs are available both for text-based command lines and command lines with a graphical user interface. A shell thus serves as an interface between the system and the user. It interprets the commands from the command line and passes them on to the operating system to execute the commands or functions.

To use the shell (e.g., Bash) with linux zip, you have to start it. You can do this from the Start menu by clicking Programs, Accessories, and Terminal. Depending on the Linux distribution, there may be different directories here. You can also search for the shell and start it.

What types of Linux commands are there?

There are three types of Linux commands: basic commands, directory operations, and file operations. These are usually sufficient for beginners. But there are other types for advanced users, such as, e.g. Commands for rights management, search options, system administration, network management, process management, etc.

Directory operations are there to organize and manage the directories on your machine. You can also use directory operations to create or delete directories.  File operations allow you to manage your files on your PC. This includes operations such as creating, moving, and deleting files. 

What are the advantages of Ubuntu?

There are countless benefits to using Ubuntu. Here they list a few that should be familiar to most people.

Easy installation and free

Millions of people worldwide can affordably use computers that run an effective operating system and well-made applications because Ubuntu and many of the applications that operate on the OS are free. Many colleges need help to purchase Windows computers. The wonderful open-source Linux distribution is easily accessible for these and other organizations without sacrificing productivity, aesthetics, or efficiency.

Long-term support (lts):

Users of Ubuntu can profit from choosing LTS. Essentially, they will continue receiving kernel updates and other enhancements for at least five years. This means you won’t need to upgrade every few months and run the chance of losing compatibility.

Ubuntu is fully customizable.

As soon as you install ubuntu, you can customize it. The most recent version uses the GNOME desktop environment, completely allowing you to customize your UI/UX interface. The standard Ubuntu comes with pre-installed applications that can handle most standard tasks. Play music, do spreadsheets, and process texts. Everything you need now. 

One of the downsides of ubuntu focal is that if you only use your computer for gaming, you might be better off with Windows. Linux only supports a few titles than Windows. However, they believe that more and more will be made available for Linux.  

[afjallday]

DDRescue and Ubuntu (Portable)

So this is a short one. DDRescue is a tool to recover blocks of data from a hard drive. Think of HDDCopy but on steroids. The original DDRescue is a terminal program. I will be talking about the DDRescue-GUI

In order to launch it, you must download dependencies listed in the link, or the PPA here: https://launchpad.net/~hamishmb/+archive/ubuntu/myppa

Here is the command:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hamishmb/myppa

sudo apt update

That should do it

[serverprovider24]

Step-by-Step Guide: Installing Magento on VPS with Ubuntu Server

Are you looking to set up your own Magento store on a Virtual Private Server (VPS) running Ubuntu Server? You've come to the right place! In this comprehensive guide, we'll walk you through the process of installing Magento on your VPS, ensuring a smooth setup from start to finish. Whether you're a seasoned developer or just starting out, follow these steps to get your Magento store up and running in no time.

1. Setting Up Your VPS

Before diving into Magento installation, you'll need to have a VPS ready to go. If you haven't already, consider purchasing a Windows RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) or Linux-based VPS. You can easily buy RDP services from various providers online. Once you have access to your VPS, ensure you have installed Ubuntu Server as your operating system. Installing Ubuntu on RDP is a straightforward process and can be done using remote desktop software.

2. Installing Required Dependencies

Once you have Ubuntu Server up and running on your VPS, it's time to install the necessary dependencies for Magento. Open a terminal window and execute the following commands:

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sudo apt update sudo apt install apache2 mysql-server php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql php-xml php-intl php-gd php-zip php-curl php-mbstring php-xmlrpc unzip

These commands will update your package list and install Apache web server, MySQL database server, and PHP along with its required modules.

3. Configuring Apache and MySQL

After installing the required packages, you'll need to configure Apache and MySQL to work seamlessly with Magento. Start by configuring Apache:

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sudo a2enmod rewrite sudo systemctl restart apache2

Next, secure your MySQL installation by running the following command and following the on-screen prompts:

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sudo mysql_secure_installation

4. Downloading and Installing Magento

With the server properly configured, it's time to download and install Magento. Navigate to the Magento official website and download the latest version of Magento Open Source. Once downloaded, use the following commands to extract Magento files and move them to the Apache web directory:

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sudo mkdir /var/www/html/magento sudo unzip /path/to/downloaded/magento.zip -d /var/www/html/magento sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/magento sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/magento

5. Completing Magento Installation

After moving Magento files to the web directory, you can complete the installation process by accessing your server's domain or IP address in a web browser. Follow the on-screen instructions to configure your Magento store, including database connection details and admin account setup.

Once the installation is complete, don't forget to set appropriate file permissions and clear the Magento cache:

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sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/magento sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/magento sudo systemctl restart apache2

Congratulations! You've successfully installed Magento on your VPS running Ubuntu Server.

Conclusion

Setting up Magento on a VPS with Ubuntu Server is a relatively straightforward process, especially when following a step-by-step guide. By ensuring you have the necessary dependencies installed, configuring Apache and MySQL correctly, and following the Magento installation instructions carefully, you can have your online store up and running in no time.

Whether you're a small business owner or a developer looking to create e-commerce solutions for clients, Magento on Ubuntu offers a powerful platform to build and scale your online store. Take advantage of the flexibility and customization options Magento provides, and watch your business thrive in the world of e-commerce.