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johnpaul66 · 1 year

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The Secrets To How a To Healthy Body

Health is always a priority in this new year, but in winter, when the number of cases of COVID-19, FL, U and RSV is increasing, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is more important than ever. For good health, Presbyterian doctors, nurses and nutritionists from New York have shared their advice with Health Matters to help you develop healthy habits in 2023.

Exercise has also been shown to reduce stress and improve overall mood. "A daily commitment to exercise, stretching, meditation, or some other form of self-care can help you feel calmer and more withdrawn," says Maria Biondi, RDN, CDNan, NYPBeHealthy Wellness Coach at New York-Presbyterian Queens. Here are some easy ways to break your workout into 30-minute increments, courtesy of the NYPBeHealthy Wellness team: At least two 30-minute walks per week at lunchtime, or schedule multiple walks. Do 30 minutes of strength training with a kettlebell or dumbbells while watching TV. Jump rope 15 minutes in the morning after getting up and in the evening when you get home. Do sit-ups at your desk for 10 minutes three times a day. During the winter months, don't be afraid to bring the winter into your training. "Exercising outdoors offers all of the physical benefits that we get from exercising indoors -- heart health, strength, flexibility, and endurance -- but we also reap many other important benefits," says treating physician Dr. Morgan Busko of the New York-Presbyterian Westchester Jobs in Kenya . Just being in the sun increases the body's production of vitamin D, which protects against many health problems, says Dr. Busko, who is also an assistant professor of physical education in primary care at Columbia University's Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons.And exercise outdoors can provide a special psychological boost.

Eat Well In addition to eating enough fruits, vegetables, and whole grains throughout the day "hunger hormones" are more stable throughout the day, which will help you control your appetite. Examples include egg white omelettes, Greek yogurt, and protein shakes. dr Kumar also advises against eating too much sugar, especially in the form of high fructose corn syrup. Consuming excess sugar leads to a condition called iomeletssistance, which is the precursor to type 2 Diabetes, fatty liver and cardiovascular disease. It is also associated with cirrhosis, neuropathy, kidney disease, general inflammation and cancer. If you have a frequent and long history of acid reflux, exposure to certain foods—including caffeine, alcohol, chocolate, peppermint, fatty, spicy, and acidic foods—can trigger GERD. GERD stands for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. GERD can cause damage and possible complications to the esophagus over time.“Some people have their own unique triggers. Take care of your body and avoid foods and habits that trigger acid reflux and GERD," says Dr. Andy Liu, gastroenterologist at Irving Medical Center at New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Eating right before bed can make acid reflux worse, so these should also be avoided. Nuts and seeds, and are clina ically proven to reduce the risk of heart disease, says Dr.Altaf Pirmohamed, director of the department of cardiology at New York-Presbyterian Lower Manhattan Hospital and assistant professor of clinical medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine. "Focus on eating veggies cooked in olive oil and natural spices, fruits, whole grains, and healthy fats," she says. Need inspiration? Try these healthy and delicious vegetarian soups and stews from New York Presbyterian Hudson Valley Hospital Executive Chef Peter X. Kelly Teaching Kitchen.

Protect Yourself Against COVID-19, Flu, and RSV With ongoing cases of Covid-19 and RSV in the United States and during cold and flu season, it's important to take precautions to protect yourself from these respiratory diseases says Dr Tina Z. Wang, who specializes in infectious diseases and hospital epidemiology at New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University's Irving Medical Center. What is the best way to protect yourself from the flu and COVID-19? Get vaccinated and get stronger, says Dr. Wang. “Not only will this protect you, but it will also help prevent the virus from being transmitted to others. dr Melissa Stockwell, chief of the Department of Child and Adolescent Health at New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital and New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, says that "studies have shown that people can get both injections at the same time, and it. will not affect their antibody response. Preventive measures against COVID-19 also apply to influenza and RSV: avoid large crowds and gatherings, wear a mask, practice social distancing, wash hands frequently, and stay at home if You feel sick. Many people can cough and sneeze, so if you have symptoms, you're much more likely to transmit it. Resources," says Dr. Ting Ting Wong, treating physician and infectious disease specialist at the New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital. These are all preventive measures for the transmission of COVID and flu.

Conclusion:

Eating a healthy diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and moderate amounts of monounsaturated fat, meat, and dairy products can help you maintain a stable weight. Exercise has also been shown to reduce stress and improve overall mood, so aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week. The wide variety of these products leaves less room for foods high in fat and sugar, the main causes of weight gain, on a daily basis.

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efrost · 2 years

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Camel Milk Market Unidentified Segments – The Biggest Opportunity Of 2022

Latest Report Available at Advance Market Analytics, “Camel Milk Market” provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics and a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining industry growth. The global Camel Milk market focuses on encompassing major statistical evidence for the Camel Milk industry as it offers our readers a value addition on guiding them in encountering the obstacles surrounding the market. A comprehensive addition of several factors such as global distribution, manufacturers, market size, and market factors that affect the global contributions are reported in the study. In addition the Camel Milk study also shifts its attention with an in-depth competitive landscape, defined growth opportunities, market share coupled with product type and applications, key companies responsible for the production, and utilized strategies are also marked.

Some key players in the global Camel Milk market are

Camelicious (United Arab Emirates)

Al Ain Dairy (United Arab Emirates)

Desert Farms (United States)

Vital Camel Milk (Kenya)

Tiviski Dairy

Camilk Dairy (Australia)

Camel Dairy Farm Smits (Netherlands)

Camel Milk Co (Australia)

Camel Milk (South Africa)

Amul (India)

Camel milk contains high concentrations of potassium, magnesium, copper, sodium, zinc, iron, B vitamins, vitamins C. It also contains protective proteins such as Lysozymes, Lactoferrin, Peptidoglycan recognition protein, and NAGase. According to the Australian camel industry association, it has five times the vitamin C and 10 times the iron of cowâ€™s milk. Camel milk also comes in raw, pasteurized and powdered form which is used to make a product like soap.What's Trending in Market: Increasing Demand in United States as Alternative Milk for Health Benefits

Challenges:

Market Growth Drivers: Increasing Awareness of Health Benefits

Emerging Countries for Camel Milk

Investments to Expand Australian Camel Milk Production

The Global Camel Milk Market segments and Market Data Break Downby Application (Laban, Cheese, Ice-Cream, Yogurt, Powder, Camel Milk Infant Formulae, Flavoured Camel Milk), Distribution Channel (Supermarkets and Hypermarkets, Convenience Stores, Speciality Stores, Online), Packaging (Cartons, Bottles, Cans, Jars, Others), Process (Raw Camel Milk, Raw Camel Milk (Frozen), Raw Camel Milk Kefir, Pasteurized Camel Milk, Raw Camel Milk Colostrum)

Presented By

AMA Research & Media LLP

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spineclinicafrika1 · 2 years

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Learn Important Things Before Having Joint Replacement Surgery

Joint pain is a common and often disabling problem, affecting people of all ages. It can be caused by many different conditions, including arthritis and tendonitis.

In some cases, the pain may come from mechanical problems with your joints that can be corrected by surgery. A joint replacement surgery in Kenya involves replacing an injured or damaged joint such as a knee or hip with an artificial joint made of metal or plastic components that are secured to the thighbone (femur) and shinbone (tibia).

Problems with your joints aren't inevitable.

Chances are, you've been experiencing some pain in your joints. The good news is that joint problems aren't inevitable. In fact, there are ways to avoid or even reverse the damage caused by poor diet and lifestyle choices.

The first thing you can do is make sure you're getting enough vitamin D through sun exposure or supplements. Vitamin D helps with calcium absorption in the body and can improve bone density, which reduces the risk of joint pain and osteoporosis later on in life.

Another important step is eating a balanced diet that includes plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables (especially green leafy ones), lean proteins such as chicken breasts or fish with healthy fats like olive oil or avocado topped with lemon juice instead of butter sauces; whole grains like brown rice instead of white pasta; nuts like walnuts for their omega-3 fatty acids content; dark chocolate for its antioxidants benefits—basically anything that has vitamins C & E in it!

As you age, you're more likely to have joint problems.

A joint is a place where two bones meet. The body has many joints, including the shoulder, hip and knee.

Joint pain is common as we age because the cartilage that cushions the ends of our bones wears down over time. Cartilage is a smooth, flexible tissue that allows your joints to work smoothly with each other. As you get older, it can become thinner and less effective at cushioning against friction between two bones in a joint space.

Sometimes a joint may be out of alignment.

Joint replacement surgery is a procedure to replace the damaged joint surfaces of your knee, hip, shoulder and/or ankle with an artificial joint. Joints are made up of cartilage (the soft tissue that covers the ends of bones), ligaments (tissues that connect bones), tendons (connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones) and synovium (a membrane lining the inside surface of joints). When these structures become damaged by injury or arthritis, they no longer work together properly causing pain and loss of function in your affected areas.

When a joint becomes severely arthritic due to wear-and-tear on its components over time, bone spurs may develop along the edges where two adjacent bones meet at this site; these spurs can also cause inflammation which further damages surrounding tissues.

When this happens you may need total knee replacement surgery or total hip replacement surgery if both hips are significantly arthritic; however if only one side is painful then then surgical procedure would be partial replacement instead because it involves less invasive techniques than full replacements."

Conclusion

With all this in mind, it's clear that joint replacement surgery in Kenya is a great option for many people with painful or damaged joints. If your doctor recommends it and you feel like it's right for you, there's nothing stopping you from considering this procedure as an option for living better and healthier.

#joint replacement surgery in kenya

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twiganews · 2 years

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How to Make Apple Farming in Kenya Profitable

Apple farming in Kenya is a profitable agribusiness venture,this is because of the high increase in demand of the fruit. The high demand in the country is brought about by enormous health benefits associated by the precious fruit. Most apple fruits found in the market currently are imported from South Africa, although recently, there has been an increase in apple production from local farmers.

Apple fruits health benefits

Apple is a very nutritious fruit that is high in fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants. They are an excellent source of vitamin C, magnesium and potassium.

Which are Apple growing areas in Kenya

There are several areas in Kenya where apple farming is being practised. The highlands of Mount Kenya are well-suited for apple farming, as the climate is cool and the soil is fertile. There are other regions where apples are being produced in high numbers like; Uasin Gishu, Transzoia,Nandi,Kericho etc Apple farmers in Kenya can make a good profit by using the proper cultivation methods and selling their produce at the right price. By carefully planning their farms and marketing their apples rightly, Kenyan apple farmers can make a good living from this valuable crop.

Apple propagation

You can propagate apples by planting seeds from an apple. The seeds will take about two weeks to germinate, and once they have, you will need to graft them before transplanting them in the farm. Grafting sometimes it's tedious and time consuming so my advise is to search and buy apple seedlings from established suppliers. Which are best apple varieties to plant? The most common and high yielding varieties to plant in Kenya are, Wambugu apple, top red, brae burn, and winter banana

Best Ecological Conditions for Apple Farming in Kenya

Before embarking on apple farming in Kenya, it is important to understand the ecological requirements for this special crop. Apples require well-drained, fertile soil with a pH of 6.0-7.0. The land should also be free of rocks and other debris, as these can damage the roots of the trees. The climate for apple farming should be cool and moist, with an annual rainfall of at least 1,000 mm. The temperature should not drop below -5 degrees Celsius or rise above 30 degrees Celsius.

Land preparation

Before you can start planting apple trees, you will need to prepare the land. This includes clearing the land of any debris, leveling the ground, and adding compost manure or fertilizer. If the land is not properly prepared, your apple trees will not thrive.

Planting

Planting apple trees is not very complicated. You will need to choose a sunny spot in your farm, and dig a hole that is twice as deep as the size of the pot your tree came in. Be sure to add plenty of manure or compost to the soil before planting. Your apple tree will need at least six hours of direct sunlight each day, so make sure to choose a location where it will have plenty of sun exposure. Once your tree is planted, be sure to water it regularly and provide nutrients. With a little bit of care, your apple tree will soon be bearing fruits.

Mulching

In order to make apple farming in Kenya profitable, mulching your plants is inevitable. Mulching is the process of covering the ground with a layer of organic material, such as leaves, straw, or compost. This protects the soil from erosion and helps to keep it moist. Mulching also helps to regulate the temperature of the soil, which is important for apple trees. It can help to keep the soil cool in the summer and warm in the winter. Mulching also helps to improve the fertility of the soil by adding organic matter.

Apple Irrigation

You can significantly increase your apple production by irrigating your plantation. Apple trees need a lot of water, especially during the hot summer months. If you can replenish them with enough water, they will produce a bumper crop of delicious apples. There are a number of different irrigation systems that you can use, though the best recommended method is drip irrigation. This is because drip irrigation helps to minimize water logging due moderate water supply to the plants.

Pruning

One of the most important things you can do to make apple farming in Kenya profitable is to properly prune your trees. Pruning helps the tree grow in a healthy and productive way, and it also helps to improve the quality of the fruit. Make sure to prune your trees regularly and be sure to remove any dead or damaged branches. You may also want to thin out branches so as to allow for free air circulation.

Apples nutritional requirements

Before planting crops it's always produce to perform soil testing to discern the nutrients that are available in the soil. After transplanting during the end of the first month, apples require plenty of nitrogen nutrients to promote faster growth of leaves and branches.

Pests and disease control

There are a number of pests and diseases that can affect apple farming in Kenya. These can be controlled through a combination of cultural practices, chemical treatments, and biological control measures. To keep your plantations healthy and profitable, it is important to implement a comprehensive pest and disease control program. This will help to minimize the damage caused by pests and diseases and ensure a healthy crop of apples.

Conclusion

There are a few key things to keep in mind if you want to make apple farming in Kenya profitable. First, you ought to select the right place. Second, you need to invest in quality seedlings and care for them appropriately. Third, you need to market your apples well. By following these tips, you can increase your chances of success and make a profit from apple farming in Kenya. Read the full article

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carobmart · 2 years

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Raw Carob for Sale Dried Carob Pods in Kenya Order Today - CAROB MART

Looking for Bulk Carob in Kenya? Order Dried Carob Pods here at Carob Mart! Nuts for a sweet and healthy snack shipped fresh to your door. Get yours now! Wholesale carob in Kenya.

CAROB FOR SALE IN Kenya

The Carob fruit (also commonly called the Bosker) has a taste and texture that has been coveted for centuries. When dried, Carob pods have a chocolate-like flavor that can be used as sweetener in baked goods, drinks and other dishes. Carob pods have a dark brown color and contain tiny beans inside. They may be stored for six months to a year before being ground up for use. Dried Carob pods are also stand-alone treats to snack on. Here at Turkish Carob, we proudly carry Dried Carob pods shipped fresh worldwide. Get yours from our trusted suppliers and start enjoying this healthy and sweet snack year-round now!

When you love chocolate, it's hard to find a replacement with the same flavor and mouth-feel, right? Enter carob. Not chocolate, not really. But a good place to start. In fact, there are plenty of times when I choose carob instead. Why? Unlike chocolate, carob is naturally sweet, low in fat, high in fiber, has calcium, and most importantly to me, no caffeine. And because chocolate is linked to migraines and caffeine-sensitivity for some people, carob definitely has its advantages. Carob comes from the pod of a tree that grows along the Mediterranean Sea. The pod contains a sweet, edible pulp. Once dried and roasted, the pulp is ground into a powder called carob flour (but more commonly referred to as "carob powder"). It's similar to cocoa powder in color and can be substituted one-for-one in recipes, but carob is unique with its own special flavor and texture. If you've never tried carob, you're in for a treat. It's sweet, mild and packed with pectin, a soluble fiber. Traditionally, it was used to soothe an upset stomach.

Nutritional characterization of carobs and traditional carob products

Carob fruits are characterized by high sugar content (48%–56%) (mainly sucrose, glucose, and fructose), 3%–4% protein, a low‐fat content (0.2%–0.6%), low content of alkaloids, and high content of dietary fibers, especially in the seeds. Specifically, the pulp is composed of sugars, polyphenols (e.g., tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids), and minerals (e.g. K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn), whereas the seed contains proteins, dietary fibers, polyphenols, and minerals and is free of gluten.

Carob powder is a valuable source of vitamins E, D, C, Niacin, B6, and folic acid; vitamins A, B2, and B12 are provided in lower levels. Carob powder oil is composed of 17 fatty acids, mainly oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid at 40.45%, 23.19%, 11.01%, and 3.08%, respectively (Youssef, El‐Manfaloty, & Ali, 2013). A number of cyclitols are also present in carob beans. The major cyclitol is D‐pinitol (3‐O‐methyl‐D‐chiro‐inositol) with multiple health benefits.

The endosperm of the seed contains the water‐soluble mucus, known as locust bean gum (LBG), which is a polysaccharide (galactomannan) consisting of 16%–20% D‐galactose and 80%–84% D‐mannose. It is created from seed processing and is a natural additive (E410) (Salinas, Carbas, Brites, & Puppo, 2015). It is widely used in the food industry as thickener, stabilizer, and gelling or dispersing agent, and its labeling is compulsory. LBG has many applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, film emulsions, paints, polishes, ceramics, and adhesives.

Many studies have shown that carobs and their products can promote human health and help prevent specific chronic diseases. In particular, they show antiproliferative and apoptotic activity against cancer cells, they are suggested to treat diarrhea symptoms, and they present antihyperlipidemia and antidiabetic effects due to their high antioxidants, polyphenols, and high content in fibers. Therefore, they are considered ideal food for people with diabetes (Youssef et al., 2013). Carob flour (from carob seeds) is used to manufacture dietetic products and products for celiac patients (gluten‐free products).

Carob is an indigenous drought‐ and temperature‐tolerant tree cultivated in Cyprus for centuries. In the past, it significantly benefited the agricultural economy of the island. It was widely known as the “black gold” of Cyprus. In recent years, carob's health benefits and nutritional value are being highlighted and therefore traditional carob‐based food products end up in the market.

CAROB WHOLESALE:

CAROB MART: carobmart.com

NATURAL CAROB: wholecarob.com

ORGANIC CAROB: Carobforsale.com

TURKISH CAROB: turkishcarob.com

CAROB DEPOT: Carobdepot.com

CAROB DIRECT: Carobdirect.com

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brokentoys · 3 years

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@phantosm ASKED :

"Eddie what the fuck is quinoa?"

“ Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa; /ˈkiːn.wɑː, kiˈnoʊ.ə/,[2][3][4] from Quechua kinwa or kinuwa)[5] is a flowering plant in the amaranth family. It is a herbaceous annual plant grown as a crop primarily for its edible seeds; the seeds are rich in protein, dietary fiber, B vitamins, and dietary minerals in amounts greater than in many grains.[6] Quinoa is not a grass, but rather a pseudocereal botanically related to spinach and amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), and originated in the Andean region of northwestern South America.[7] It was first used to feed livestock 5,200–7,000 years ago, and for human consumption 3,000–4,000 years ago in the Lake Titicaca basin of Peru and Bolivia.[8]Today, almost all production in the Andean region is done by small farms and associations. Its cultivation has spread to more than 70 countries, including Kenya, India, the United States, and several European countries.[9] As a result of increased popularity and consumption in North America, Europe, and Australasia, quinoa crop prices tripled between 2006 and 2014.[10][11]

Description Chenopodium quinoa is a dicotyledonous annual plant, usually about 1–2 m (3–7 ft) high. It has broad, generally powdery, hairy, lobed leaves, normally arranged alternately. The woody central stem is branched or unbranched depending on the variety and may be green, red or purple. The flowering panicles arise from the top of the plant or from leaf axils along the stem. Each panicle has a central axis from which a secondary axis emerges either with flowers (amaranthiform) or bearing a tertiary axis carrying the flowers (glomeruliform).[12] These are small, incomplete, sessile flowers of the same colour as the sepals, and both pistillate and perfect forms occur. Pistillate flowers are generally located at the proximal end of the glomeruli and the perfect ones at the distal end of it. A perfect flower has five sepals, five anthers and a superior ovary, from which two to three stigmatic branches emerge.[13]

The green hypogynous flowers have a simple perianth and are generally self-fertilizing[12][14] though cross-pollination occurs.[15] Furthermore, in the natural environment, betalains serve to attract animals to generate a greater rate of pollination and ensure, or improve, seed dissemination.[16] The fruits (seeds) are about 2 mm (1⁄16 in) in diameter and of various colors — from white to red or black, depending on the cultivar.[17]

In regards to the "newly" developed salinity resistance of C. quinoa, some studies have concluded that accumulation of organic osmolytes plays a dual role for the species. They provide osmotic adjustment, in addition to protection against oxidative stress of the photosynthetic structures in developing leaves. Studies also suggested that reduction in stomatal density in reaction to salinity levels represents an essential instrument of defence to optimize water use efficiency under the given conditions to which it may be exposed.[18]

Natural distribution Chenopodium quinoa is believed to have been domesticated in the Peruvian Andes from wild or weed populations of the same species.[19] There are non-cultivated quinoa plants (Chenopodium quinoa var. melanospermum) that grow in the area it is cultivated; these may either be related to wild predecessors, or they could be descendants of cultivated plants.[20]

Nutrition Quinoa, uncooked Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) Energy 1,539 kJ (368 kcal) Carbohydrates 64.2 g Dietary fibre 7.0 g Fat 6.1 g Monounsaturated 1.6 g Polyunsaturated 3.3 g Protein 14.1 g Vitamins Quantity%DV† Vitamin A equiv. 0%1 μg Thiamine (B1) 31%0.36 mg Riboflavin (B2) 27%0.32 mg Niacin (B3) 10%1.52 mg Vitamin B6 38%0.49 mg Folate (B9) 46%184 μg Choline 14%70 mg Vitamin C 0%0 mg Vitamin E 16%2.4 mg Minerals Quantity%DV† Calcium 5%47 mg Copper 30%0.590 mg Iron 35%4.6 mg Magnesium 55%197 mg Manganese 95%2.0 mg Phosphorus 65%457 mg Potassium 12%563 mg Sodium 0%5 mg Zinc 33%3.1 mg Other constituents Quantity Water 13.3 g Link to USDA Database entry Units μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams IU = International units †Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA FoodData Central Quinoa, cooked Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) Energy 503 kJ (120 kcal) Carbohydrates 21.3 g Dietary fibre 2.8 g Fat 1.92 g Monounsaturated 0.529 g Polyunsaturated 1.078 g Protein 4.4 g Vitamins Quantity%DV† Vitamin A equiv. 0%0 μg Thiamine (B1) 9%0.107 mg Riboflavin (B2) 9%0.11 mg Niacin (B3) 3%0.412 mg Vitamin B6 9%0.123 mg Folate (B9) 11%42 μg Choline 5%23 mg Vitamin C 0%0 mg Vitamin E 4%0.63 mg Minerals Quantity%DV† Calcium 2%17 mg Copper 10%0.192 mg Iron 11%1.49 mg Magnesium 18%64 mg Manganese 30%0.631 mg Phosphorus 22%152 mg Potassium 4%172 mg Sodium 0%7 mg Zinc 11%1.09 mg Other constituents Quantity Water 72 g Link to USDA Database entry Units μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams IU = International units †Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA FoodData Central Raw, uncooked quinoa is 13% water, 64% carbohydrates, 14% protein, and 6% fat. Nutritional evaluations indicate that a 100-gram (3+1⁄2-ounce) serving of raw quinoa seeds is a rich source (20% or higher of the Daily Value, DV) of protein, dietary fiber, several B vitamins, including 46% DV for folate, and the dietary minerals magnesium, phosphorus, and manganese (table).

After boiling, which is the typical preparation for eating the seeds, quinoa is 72% water, 21% carbohydrates, 4% protein, and 2% fat.[21] In a 100 g (3+1⁄2 oz) serving, cooked quinoa provides 503 kilojoules (120 kilocalories) of food energy and is a rich source of manganese and phosphorus (30% and 22% DV, respectively), and a moderate source (10–19% DV) of dietary fiber, folate, and the dietary minerals iron, zinc, and magnesium (table).

Quinoa is gluten-free.[6] Because of the high concentration of protein, ease of use, versatility in preparation, and potential for increased yields in controlled environments,[22] it has been selected as an experimental crop in NASA's Controlled Ecological Life Support System for long-duration human occupied space flights.[23]

Saponins and oxalic acid In their natural state, the seeds have a coating that contains bitter-tasting saponins, making them unpalatable.[12][24] Most of the grain sold commercially has been processed to remove this coating. This bitterness has beneficial effects during cultivation, as it deters birds and therefore, the plant requires minimal protection.[25] The genetic control of bitterness involves quantitative inheritance.[24] Although lowering the saponin content through selective breeding to produce sweeter, more palatable varieties is complicated by ≈10% cross-pollination,[26] it is a major goal of quinoa breeding programs, which may include genetic engineering.[24]

The toxicity category rating of the saponins in quinoa treats them as mild eye and respiratory irritants and as a low gastrointestinal irritant.[21][27] In South America, these saponins have many uses, including as a detergent for clothing and washing, and as a folk medicine antiseptic for skin injuries.[21]

Additionally, the leaves and stems of all species of the genus Chenopodium and related genera of the family Amaranthaceae contain high levels of oxalic acid.[28]

Cultivation Climate requirements The plant's growth is highly variable due to the number of different subspecies, varieties and landraces (domesticated plants or animals adapted to the environment in which they originated). However, it is generally undemanding and altitude-hardy; it is grown from coastal regions to over 4,000 m (13,000 ft) in the Andes near the equator, with most of the cultivars being grown between 2,500 m (8,200 ft) and 4,000 m (13,000 ft). Depending on the variety, optimal growing conditions are in cool climates with temperatures that vary between −4 °C (25 °F) during the night to near 35 °C (95 °F) during the day. Some cultivars can withstand lower temperatures without damage. Light frosts normally do not affect the plants at any stage of development, except during flowering. Midsummer frosts during flowering, a frequent occurrence in the Andes, lead to sterilization of the pollen. Rainfall requirements are highly variable between the different cultivars, ranging from 300 to 1,000 mm (12 to 39 in) during the growing season. Growth is optimal with well-distributed rainfall during early growth and no rain during seed maturation and harvesting.[12]

United States Quinoa has been cultivated in the United States, primarily in the high elevation San Luis Valley of Colorado where it was introduced in 1983.[29] In this high-altitude desert valley, maximum summer temperatures rarely exceed 30 °C (86 °F) and night temperatures are about 7 °C (45 °F). In the 2010s, experimental production was attempted in the Palouse region of Eastern Washington,[30] and farmers in Western Washington began producing the crop. The Washington State University Skagit River Valley research facility near Mount Vernon grew thousands of its own experimental varieties.[31] According to a research agronomist, the Puget Sound region's climate is similar to that of coastal Chile where the crop has been grown for centuries.[32] Due to the short growing season, North American cultivation requires short-maturity varieties, typically of Bolivian origin. Quinoa is planted in Idaho where a variety developed and bred specifically for the high-altitude Snake River Plain is the largest planted variety in North America.[33]

Europe Several countries within Europe have successfully grown quinoa on a commercial scale.[34]

Sowing Quinoa plants do best in sandy, well-drained soils with a low nutrient content, moderate salinity, and a soil pH of 6 to 8.5. The seedbed must be well prepared and drained to avoid waterlogging.[25]

Soil Quinoa has gained attention for its adaptability to contrasting environments such as saline soils, nutrient-poor soils and drought stressed marginal agroecosystems.[35] Yields are maximised when 170–200 kg/ha (150–180 lb/acre) of nitrogen is available.[citation needed] The addition of phosphorus does not improve yield.

Pests In eastern North America, it is susceptible to a leaf miner that may reduce crop success. (The miner also affects the common weed and close relative Chenopodium album, but C. album is much more resistant.)[citation needed]

Rotation is used in its Andean native range. Rotation is common with potato, cereals and legumes including Lupinus mutabilis.[36][37]

Genetics The genome of quinoa was sequenced in 2017 by researchers at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Saudi Arabia.[24][38] Through traditional selective breeding and, potentially, genetic engineering, the plant is being modified to have higher crop yield, improved tolerance to heat and biotic stress, and greater sweetness through saponin inhibition.[24]

Harvesting Traditionally, quinoa grain is harvested by hand, and only rarely by machine, because the extreme variability of the maturity period of most quinoa cultivars complicates mechanization. Harvest needs to be precisely timed to avoid high seed losses from shattering, and different panicles on the same plant mature at different times.[39][40] The crop yield in the Andean region (often around 3 t/ha up to 5 t/ha) is comparable to wheat yields. In the United States, varieties have been selected for uniformity of maturity and are mechanically harvested using conventional small grain combines.[citation needed]

Processing The plants are allowed to stand until the stalks and seeds have dried out and the grain has reached a moisture content below 10%. Handling involves threshing the seedheads from the chaff and winnowing the seed to remove the husk. Before storage, the seeds need to be dried in order to avoid germination.[12] Dry seeds can be stored raw[citation needed] until being washed or mechanically processed to remove the pericarp to eliminate the bitter layer containing saponins. This was traditionally done manually, which is labour-intensive.[41] The seeds must be dried again before being stored and sold in stores.[citation needed]

Quinoa production – 2019 Country (Tonnes) Peru 89,775 Bolivia 67,135 Ecuador 4,505 World 161,415 Source: FAOSTAT of the United Nations[42] Production In 2019, world production of quinoa was 161,415 tonnes, led by Peru and Bolivia with 97% of the total when combined (table).[42]

Price Since the early 21st century when quinoa became more commonly consumed in North America, Europe, and Australasia where it was not typically grown, the crop value increased.[43] Between 2006 and 2013, quinoa crop prices tripled.[10][11] In 2011, the average price was US $3,115 per tonne with some varieties selling as high as $8,000 per tonne.[43] This compares with wheat prices of about US $340 per tonne, making wheat about 10% of the value of quinoa. The resulting effect on traditional production regions in Peru and Bolivia also influenced new commercial quinoa production elsewhere in the world, such as the United States.[44]: 176 [45] By 2013, quinoa was being cultivated in some 70 countries.[9] As a result of expanding production outside the Andean highlands native for quinoa, the price plummeted starting in early 2015 and remained low for years.[46] From 2018 to 2019, quinoa production in Peru declined by 22%.[42] Some refer to this as the "quinoa bust" because of the devastation the price fall caused for farmers and industry.[46]

Effects of rising demand on growers

Farmer field school on crop husbandry and quinoa production, near Puno, Peru Rising quinoa prices over the period 2006 to 2017 may have reduced affordability of traditional consumers to consume quinoa.[11][47][44]: 176–77 However, a 2016 study using Peru's Encuesta Nacional de Hogares found that rising quinoa prices during 2004–2013 led to net economic benefits for producers,[48] and other commentary indicated similar conclusions,[49] including for women specifically.[50] Impacts of the price surge on quinoa consumption in the Andes mainly affected urban poor rather than farmers themselves, and these impacts were reduced when the price fell in 2015.[citation needed] It has also been suggested that as quinoa producers rise above subsistence-level income, they switch their own consumption to Western processed foods which are often less healthy than a traditional, quinoa-based diet, whether because quinoa is held to be worth too much to keep for oneself and one's family, or because processed foods have higher status despite their poorer nutritional value.[11][47][44]: 176–77 Efforts are being made in some areas to distribute quinoa more widely and ensure that farming and poorer populations have access to it and have an understanding of its nutritional importance, including use in free school breakfasts and government provisions distributed to pregnant and nursing women in need.[47]

In terms of wider social consequences, research on traditional producers in Bolivia has emphasised a complex picture. The degree to which individual producers benefit from the global quinoa boom depends on its mode of production, for example through producer associations and co-operatives such as the Asociación Nacional de Productores de Quinua (founded in the 1970s), contracting through vertically-integrated private firms, or wage labor.[51] State regulation and enforcement may promote a shift to cash-cropping among some farmers and a shift toward subsistence production among others, while enabling many urban refugees to return to working the land, outcomes with complex and varied social effects.[52][53]

The growth of quinoa consumption outside of its indigenous region has raised concerns over food security of the original consumers, unsustainably intensive farming of the crop, expansion of farming into otherwise marginal agricultural lands with concurrent loss of the natural environment, threatening both the sustainability of producer agriculture and the biodiversity of quinoa.[44][54][50]

World demand for quinoa is sometimes presented in the media particularly as being caused by rising veganism,[11][55] but one academic has commented that despite the drawbacks of quinoa, meat production in most cases is still less sustainable than quinoa.[44]: 177

Culture United Nations recognition Logo of the International Year of Quinoa, 2013 The United Nations General Assembly declared 2013 as the "International Year of Quinoa"[56][57][58] in recognition of the ancestral practices of the Andean people, who have preserved it as a food for present and future generations, through knowledge and practices of living in harmony with nature. The objective was to draw the world’s attention to the role that quinoa could play in providing food security, nutrition and poverty eradication in support of achieving Millennium Development Goals. Some academic commentary emphasized that quinoa production could have ecological and social drawbacks in its native regions, and that these problems needed to be tackled.[44]

Kosher certification Quinoa is used in the Jewish community as a substitute for the leavened grains that are forbidden during the Passover holiday. Several kosher certification organizations refuse to certify it as being kosher for Passover, citing reasons including its resemblance to prohibited grains or fear of cross-contamination of the product from nearby fields of prohibited grain or during packaging.[59] However, in December 2013 the Orthodox Union, the world's largest kosher certification agency, announced it would begin certifying quinoa as kosher for Passover.[60]

History

Quinoa seller at market in Calca, Peru Quinoa is an allotetraploid plant, containing two full sets of chromosomes from two different species which hybridised with each other at one time. According to a study done in 1979, it has as its presumed ancestor either Chenopodium berlandieri, from North America, or the Andean species Ch. hircinum, although more recent studies, in 2011, even suggest Old World relatives. On the other hand, morphological features relate Ch. quinoa of the Andes and Ch. nuttalliae of Mexico. Some studies have suggested that both species may have been derived from the same wild type. A weedy quinoa, Ch. quinoa var. melanospermum, is known from South America, but no equivalent closely related to Ch. nutalliae has been reported from Mexico so far.[41]

In any case, over the last 5,000 years the biogeography of Ch. quinoa has changed greatly, mainly by human influence, convenience and preference. It has changed not only in the area of distribution, but also in regards to the climate this plant was originally adapted to, in contrast to the climates on which it is able to do successfully grow in now. In a process started by a number of pre-Inca South American indigenous cultures, people in Chile have been adapting quinoa to salinity and other forms of stress over the last 3,000 years. Particularly for the high variety of Chilean landraces, in addition to how the plant has adapted to different latitudes, this crop is now potentially cultivable almost anywhere in the world, including Europe, Asia and Africa.[41]

In Chile it had almost disappeared by the early 1940s; as of 2015 the crop is mostly grown in three areas by only some 300 smallholder farmers. Each of these areas is different: indigenous small-scale growers near the border with Bolivia who grow many types of Bolivian forms using the Inca ayllu clan system, a few farmers in the central region who exclusively grow a white-seeded variety and generally market their crops through a well-known cooperative, and in the south by women in home gardens in Mapuche reserves.[41]

When Amaranthaceae became abundant in Lake Pacucha, Peru, the lake was fresh, and the lack of Amaranthaceae taxa strongly indicates droughts which turned the lake into a saltmarsh. Based on the pollen associated with soil manipulation, this is an area of the Andes where domestication of C. quinoa became popular, although it was not the only one. It was domesticated in various geographical zones. With this, morphological adaptations began to happen until having five ecotypes today. Quinoa's genetic diversity illustrates that it was and is a vital crop.[61]

Nevertheless, studies regarding genetic diversity suggest that it may have passed through at least three bottleneck genetic events, with a possible fourth expected:

The first occurred when the crop was created, an its two diploid ancestors underwent a hybridization followed by chromosome doubling incident; this created a new species in effect, which was genetically isolated from its parent species, and thus lost all their genetic diversity. A second bottleneck may have occurred when quinoa was domesticated from its unknown but possible wild tetraploid form. It might have been domesticated twice: once in the high Andes and a second time in the Chilean and Argentinean lowlands. A third bottleneck can be considered "political", and has lasted more than 400 years, from the Spanish conquest of the new continent until the present time. During this phase quinoa has been replaced with maize, marginalized from production processes possibly due to its important medicinal, social and religious roles for the indigenous populations of South America, but also because it is very difficult to process (dehusk) compared with maize. In the 21st century, a fourth bottleneck event may occur, as traditional farmers migrate from rural zones to urban centers, which exposes quinoa to the risk of further genetic erosion. Better breeding may also result in loss of genetic diversity, as breeders would be expected to reduce unwanted alleles to produce uniform cultivars, but cross-breeding between local landraces has and will likely produce high-diversity cultivars.[41] Andean agronomists and nutrition scientists began researching quinoa in the early twentieth century, and it became the subject of much interest among researchers involved in neglected and underutilized crop studies in the 1970s.[62] The grain, however, has received much less attention than crops like maize or wheat. ”

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juniperpublishers-sciences · 5 years

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Risk Factors and Indicators of Reduced Welfare of Grazing Dairy Cows from Selected Smallholder Dairy Farms in Midlands Province-Juniper Publishers

Abstract

Zimbabwe ́s smallholder dairying faces many challenges that affect the welfare of dairy cows; however the status of this welfare has not yet been determined. A cross sectional study was conducted in Midlands Province on 41 active smallholder dairy farms with 86 cows in winter and summer, to determine the risk factors and indicators to impaired cow welfare. These objectives were achieved using farmer questionnaires and direct observations. 11% of the observed cows were severely lame in summer while only five % were severely lame in winter. Lameness was significantly associated with season, absence of shade, breed and low dipping frequency; 58% of the cows had low body condition scores (BC<3) and this low BC was associated with low frequency of protein (p=0.002) and vitamin (p=0.012) supplementation recorded in more than 52% of the farms visited. In winter only 11% of the observed cows were heavily soiled (score 3), whilst in summer 64% of the cows were heavily soiled and this was associated with slurry accumulation in more than 80% of the observed cattle pens as well as the study season (p<0.001). A quarter (26%) of the studied animals had visible teat lesions on the teat skin and this was associated with type of lubricant used (p =0.011). Only 34% of the cows allowed an approaching stockman to touch them and this was associated with shouting (p=0.012) and whipping of cows (p=0.002). The study concluded that welfare of dairy cows was poor in most of the smallholder dairy farms studied.

Keywords: Risk factors; Indicators; Cow welfare

Introduction

Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is an integral membrane protein found in the purple membrane of the Halobacterium halobium. As a light driven proton pump, bRs capture photons in the order of 500nm-650nm. Existing research found that 300mv of electricity generated per purple membrane [1]. Conversely, bacterial reaction center (bRC) is found in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. It generates 800mv of electricity in total, considering the transfer of 4 protons in the membrane. Multiple interventions to denature and modulate the structure of bR should be considered, including pH, temperature, detergent and wavelength of laser light. Bacteriorhodopsin has been known to function between0C to 45C at a pH of 1-11. It tolerates temperature over 80C in water and up to 140C in dry [2]. Conventionally, laser is utilized to precipitate the photoisomerization of bR, consequently shifting all trans-13 to structure. The chromophore which is covalently attached to Lys216 through a Schiff base is modulated through this method. Bacterial Reaction Center (bRC) is a light driven electron transfer reaction that converts solar energy to chemical energy. bRC are integral membrane structured proteins found in the purple membrane of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. It is composed of 3 protein subunits--L, M and H. It has 3 major co-factors composed of 4bacterio-chlorophylls, 2 bacteriopheophytins and 2 quinones [3]. In this interaction, electron transfer occurs through light ejection of electron that passes through them embrane. Conversion of sunlight to chemical energy simultaneously precipitates. Both bR and bRC from Halobacterium halobium and Rhodobacter sphaeroides respectively generate a considerable worth of electricity that can be used in the industry today. Although bRC emits power in a rather limited merit, future research would determine its potential for catalyzing electrically reliant applications such as optics, instrumentation and therapeutic values. bRC can be utilized for solar energy and drive photovoltaic cells. Its usage is ubiquitous at this point and has generated multitude of photovoltaic and solar energy driven applications. Further research will enhance the efficacy of bRC generated solar cells and related interventions.

This high stocking rate has resulted in overgrazing and consequently increased erosion and grass stunting in most Zimbabwean rangelands. Knap sac spraying is used for tick control of the dairy herd; vaccination for Foot and Mouth disease as well as rabies is done by the Government, while vaccination and control of other prevalent diseases like Lumpy Skin Disease, black leg and brucellosis is done by farmers. Studies done in Kenya on the welfare of zero grazing dairy cows showed that poor welfare of dairy cows existed in smallholder dairies [1].

Zimbabwe’s smallholder dairy is also characterized by challenges such as high prices of protein rich commercial concentrates which results in inadequate and inconsistent protein supplementation to dairy cows; frequent outbreaks of diseases [2]; poor husbandry practices and lack of high yielding exotic breeds. These challenges to smallholder dairy systems, results in lowered body condition, which then impacts negatively on cow health, productivity and consequently welfare of the cow. Welfare of grazing cows in both the small holder set up and large-scale dairies in Zimbabwe and Africa as a whole has not been adequately studied and with the growing concern on food quality and safety from consumers, there is compelling need to evaluate welfare of cows in these sectors. Improved cow welfare will not only improve productivity of the dairy cow but the whole milk supply chain will benefit, hence the importance and relevance of this study.

Materials and Methods

The research was conducted in two selected districts of Midlands Province (Gweru and Gokwe South) targeting active smallholder dairy farmers. Midlands is characterized by colddry winters (5 to12 °C, 0 to 20mm) and hot humid summers (25 °C to 30 °C, 500mm to 700mm). Mature dairy cows (Red Dane, Jersey, and Holstein mainly crossed with either Tuli or Mashona) from each selected household were examined for the study regardless of their lactation status. In those smallholder units that had less than 5 cows; all cows were used for the study whilst in those units that had more than 5 cows, simple random sampling was used to select 5 cows to be used for the study. Each household was then visited once in winter i.e. from 3 August 2015 to 29 September 2015; and once in summer i.e. from 23 December 2016 to 17 February 2017 to determine the indicators and risk factors to reduced cow welfare using a questionnaire administered through face to face interviews and an animal as well as farm observation tool. All the farmers in Midlands Province who were actively supplying milk to the milk collection center or producing milk for sale (organized smallholder dairies) were included in the study i.e. 35 households from Gokwe South (70 cows) and 6 households from Gweru (16 cows).

Questionnaire

Data collected using the questionnaire included: Household (HH) demographics; level of education for HH; agriculture training received by HH; number of people staying at the HH; dairy herd demographics; institutional support; number, structure and breeds; general husbandry and milking practices; dehorning, castration, hair tail; euthanization methods; udder hygiene; teat lubricants; feeding and watering of animals; energy, protein, vitamin and mineral supplementation frequency; source and distance of water source.

Animal observation tool

Lameness- measured when the cow was either going in or out of the milking parlour using the lameness score sheet during both winter and summer. Lameness was measured on a 4 point scale of 0-3 with 0 indicating good mobility and 3 the animal will be severely lame [3].

Cow cleanliness

This was assessed in winter and summer on similar cows by the investigator early in the morning before cows were released for grazing using a cow cleanliness score chart

Body condition

Scored by the investigator on a scale of one to five during feeding times using a body condition score chart during both summer and winter and on similar cows

Hair loss

Recorded in both winter and summer on a scale of one – three using the hair loss score chart

Teat and hind limb lesions

Teat lesions scored in both winter and in summer as either present or absent

Skin and hind limb lesions

Scored as either present or absent. Skin lesions scored once in winter as either present or absent.

Aggressive interactions between cows

Coded as either frequent or not frequent and were observed during feeding times in winter only for at least 10 minutes per each smallholder unit visited

Avoidance distance

Each cow was assessed once in winter during the study period. Avoidance distance was categorized into cows that could be touched, cows that could be approached 50cm but not touched, cows that could be approached as closely as 50 -100cm, and cows that could not approached as closely as 100cm [4].

Farm observation tool

Site and material used for kraal construction; state of kraal floors, presence of shade, foot bath and handling facilities

Data analysis and presentation

Data was entered and cleaned in Microsoft Excel and then exported into IBM Statistics SPSS version 23. Basic descriptive statistics were generated followed by tests association (chi square tests of independence) between risk factors and indicators of reduced cow welfare.

Results and Discussion

A total of 36 households owning 86 cattle were interviewed from Gweru and Gokwe South districts of Midlands Province, Zimbabwe..

Lameness

In the dairy sector, lameness is considered an endemic disease that affects health and welfare of dairy cattle and results in production loss [5]. Figure 1 shows percentage lameness scores by season while Table 1 shows factors significantly associated with lameness. Study results revealed that more cattle were lame in summer than in winter. The overall low proportion of lame cows in the study (5% winter and 11% summer) may be attributable to the disease resistant cross breeds that dominate the smallholder dairy sector in Zimbabwe and the fact that the studied cows were not confined but had free access to pasture giving them adequate opportunity to exercise thereby improving claw conformation [6].

These findings were in concordance with the work of other authors [7], who reported herd lameness for grazing cows to be 3.5% in Ethiopia. The association between lameness and absence of shade (p<0.001) on most dairy farms may be attributable to the fact that the presence of shade enhances passive ventilation and lowers body temperature and thus reduce restless behavior, and increases the time spent resting by cows thereby reducing the chances of lamenes. The association between moderate lameness cases and low dipping frequency has not yet been reported and may be attributed to ineffective tick control that promotes the spread of ticks in cattle and dip resistance to ticks. Bond legged ticks were noticed between the claws in some of the lame cows and this resulted in poor gait in some of the infested dairy cows. Holstein crosses had higher locomotion score compared to their counterparts (Red Dane* Tuli crosses and the Jersey crosses). The Red Dane* Tuli cross showed higher lameness resistance compared to the other two breeds and had low locomotion scores; this has been previously recorded [8].

The observation that slurry and cattle manure was not removed from cattle housing on a regular basis in 73% of the observed farms, implies that animal welfare is poor among most smallholder dairy farms. The association between lameness and season was expected and is in concordance with the work by other authors [9]. Most kraals were wet and muddy in summer. Moisture and slurry softens and damages the claw resulting in lameness. The observed foot lameness scores of three were in most cases, a result of direct trauma to the foot most likely by sharp objects like rough edges of toughs and stone bruises (Table 1). There was no significant association between levels of education of the household head as well institutional support farmers received and occurrence of lame cows in studied households (Figure 1).

Cow cleanliness Study results revealed that there were more heavily soiled cows (score 3) during the rain summer season (P<0.001) compared to the dry winter season (Figure 2). Significant association tests were conducted between cow cleanliness and the following factors: Lameness, body condition score, and slurry accumulation in cattle kraals and season. Percentage cleanliness scores of smallholder dairy cows by season, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe.

Cow cleanliness was significantly associated with manure accumulation in cattle kraals (χ2= 33,218, df=1, p<0.001) and season (χ2 =14,234,104, df=1, p<0.001). The good husbandry practice of removing manure and slurry was not done on a regular basis i.e. once per week, by the majority of farmers (80%) which led to the accumulation of manure and slurry in most kraals. Failure by smallholder dairy farmers to remove slurry on a regular basis may predispose cows to environmental mastitis [10]. The claw lesions will result in lameness and consequently impaired cow welfare. Instead of regularly removing slurry from cattle pens famers opted to let the dung accumulate as manure which is then used to fertilize crops at the expense of cow comfort. On those farms that were visited when cows were still in their kraals, dairy cows were observed lying on top of manure, fresh cow dung and sometimes on bare earth.

Body condition Figure 3 illustrates the percentage distribution of various body condition scores from the two study sites by season and Table 2 shows factors significantly associated with good body condition. Cattle condition picked up in summer and severely dropped in winter. The observation that in most of the farms (52%), protein concentrates were not given on a regular basis (Table 2) implies that feeding standards for most of these smallholder units was below the expected average. The association significance observed in this study between a good body condition score and regular feeding of commercial concentrate shows the welfare benefits of including standard levels of protein and energy in diet of dairy cows. Cows in poor body condition have low levels of milk fat and low overall milk yields because of inadequate reserves of protein and energy and may undergo anoestrus up and until the body condition improve [8]. Verbal information from farmers showed that protein concentrates were fed to lactating cows only, an indication that dry cows and heifers were denied access to quality nutrients in these production units. There was no significant association between regular feeding of home mixed concentrates (sunflower cake and crushed maize) and a good body condition. However, though not verified, it could be due to a poor mixing ratio of sunflower and crushed maize as well as failure to quantify properly these supplements when offering them to cows. The observation that farmers who had received formal agriculture training (25%) owned the majority of cattle with an optimum body condition demonstrates the benefits of formal agriculture training in improving cattle welfare and hence productivity. However, no association significance was observed between institutional support received by farmers and observed body condition scores.

Air loss

As shown in Table 3, very few cows (3%) had large patches of hair loss. These observed hair loss scores were in most cases a direct result of prior exposure to skin diseases.

Skin lesions and their implications

These were confined to various body parts like the neck, abdomen, tail head and ribcage. The observed skin lesions reflected poor management and indicated that dairy cows in these smallholder farms were living in harmful environments. Among the 41 farms visited 32% of the observed animal houses had sharp protruding poles and wires on either the entrance or on the side walls. These wires and protruding poles were possible causes of abdomen and rib cage lesions and were statistically tested but had no significant effect. Use of opened up metal drums with rough edges in 26% of the studied farms was put forward as a risk factor to observed neck and mouth lesions but no significant association was found. The unexpected lack of significant association between rib cage lesions and presence of sharp protruding poles in cattle houses, as well as lack of significant association between neck lesions and use of metal drums with rough and sharp edges could be due to the small sample size and other factors which could not be assessed on the farm like thorns from the grazing area which could prick cows as well as use of barbed wire in paddocks. Verbal information from farmers also revealed that some of the observed skin lesions were caused by surgical removal of warts using hot knives and removal of horns in adult cattle although this was not very common. The verbal discussions also revealed that anesthetics were not being used by many farmers.

Hind limb lesions from the 86 animals observed, 36% had lesions on hind limbs. Hind limb lesions were significantly associated (χ2= 6,567, p=0.010) with tying of hind limbs during milking. The practice of tying hind limbs while milking was being practiced on 82% of the farms visited.

Teat lesions from the 86 cows assessed, 26 % had visible teat lesions such as scratches, swellings and cracks on the teat skin. For effective mastitis control and improved dairy cow welfare, there is need to maintain good teat skin through use of teat lubricants and proper milking procedures [11]. Table 4 shows proportion of farmers that used various teat lubricants.

Occurrence of teat lesions was significantly associated with the type of teat lubricant used (χ2=12.982, df= 4, p =0.011). This was anticipated because teat lubricants reduce friction between the teat and the milker’s hands when hand milks and act as insulators to teats thereby reducing chances of teat damage. The use of milk salve was more common in Gokwe South where famers were getting the lubricant from the Milk Collection Centre (MCC) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) than in Gweru where no such assistance existed. In Gweru there was use of petroleum jelly as a substitute for milk-salve which was not locally available. The observation that there were fewer cows that had teat lesions belonging to farmers who were using petroleum jelly when compared to those farmers that did not use any teat lubricant, confirms the welfare benefits of teat lubrication to dairy cows. In Zimbabwe petroleum jelly is cheap and locally available lubricant used by people. When used as a lubricant by human beings, petroleum jelly protects: minor cuts, skin scraps, dry and cracked skin by preventing moisture loss from these areas thereby speeding up the natural healing process. These are the same roles that are played by milk salve on cattle teats, making petroleum jelly an effective substitute for milk salve. Factors that were not investigated such as teat pulling could also be held accountable for the unexpected occurrence of teat lesions even on those farms where teat lubricants were frequently used. However, the practice of allowing calves to suckle before and after milking reported in more than 10% of the farms visited, could also be attributable to some of the teat lesions observed in cows belonging to farmers who were using teat lubricant.

Aggressive interactions

Frequent aggressive interactions between cows were recorded in 31% of the 41 farms studied and were significantly associated with an inadequacy of feeding space (χ2= 20.757, df=1 p<0.001). When feeding simultaneously and if feeding space is inadequate cows compete and, in the process, shy and weak cows are bullied away. Aggressive interactions between cows were more common in instances where cows were sharing a single small feeding trough. When cows were feeding simultaneously, feeding space per cow was not adequate (<0.5m per cow) in 72% of the observed farms. On some farms three to four cows were observed sharing feed from an opened up tire or a small wooden feeding trough. In those situations, cows were then observed pushing against each other and the shy feeders moving away from the trough.

Avoidance distance

Only 34% of the cows studied were touched by the approaching stockperson, the rest moved away. The association between avoidance distance and use of whips as well as shouting at cows (Table 5) was attributable to the fact that dairy cows can remember negative interactions and the place where these negative interactions may have occurred as well as the negative handler. Negative interactions such as use of whips, shouting and whistling when handling cows, results in poor growth performance and lowers immune response in dairy cows [12]. The association significance between avoidance distance and frequency of mineral supplementation to dairy cows could be related to regular feeding of nutritious feed to cows which improves the quality of human to cow relationship as the cows get used to and enjoy contact with the stockman who feeds them with quality feed. There was no association between avoidance distance and factors such as institutional support and farmer level of education.

Conclusion and Recommendations

Poor dairy cattle welfare exists in the smallholder dairy production systems in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Agriculture extension departments should promote pasture and forage production among smallholder dairies and should also incorporate lessons on animal welfare in its curriculum. Zimbabwe should enforce implementation of the Prevention of cruelty to animals act of 1960 and where possible come up with a more comprehensive Animal welfare act. To raise childhood awareness on animal welfare issues, it is further recommended that Primary schools education curriculum should include animal welfare lessons and there is need for innovation platforms on animal welfare in Zimbabwe. Further studies can be done to evaluate dairy calf welfare to evaluate the potential of the replacement dairy herd.

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#Astronomy #Agriculture #Biology #Space #Geography

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kritikapatil · 2 years

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Camel Milk Market Unidentified Segments - The Biggest Opportunity Of 2022

Latest edition released by AMA on Global Camel Milk Market to regulate the balance of demand and supply. This intelligence report on Camel Milk includes Investigation of past progress, ongoing market scenarios, and future prospects. Data True to market on the products, strategies and market share of leading companies of this particular market are mentioned. It’s a 360-degree overview of the global market’s competitive landscape. The report further predicts the size and valuation of the global market during the forecast period. Some of the key players profiled in the study are

Camelicious (United Arab Emirates)

Al Ain Dairy (United Arab Emirates)

Desert Farms (United States)

Vital Camel Milk (Kenya)

Tiviski Dairy

Camilk Dairy (Australia)

Camel Dairy Farm Smits (Netherlands)

Camel Milk Co (Australia)

Camel Milk (South Africa)

Amul (India) Camel milk contains high concentrations of potassium, magnesium, copper, sodium, zinc, iron, B vitamins, vitamins C. It also contains protective proteins such as Lysozymes, Lactoferrin, Peptidoglycan recognition protein, and NAGase. According to the Australian camel industry association, it has five times the vitamin C and 10 times the iron of cowâ€™s milk. Camel milk also comes in raw, pasteurized and powdered form which is used to make a product like soap. Market Trends: Increasing Demand in United States as Alternative Milk for Health Benefits

Opportunities: Great Opportunity for Camel Dairies in Australia Because Of Its Incredible Reputation in Food Quality Safety Standards

Market Drivers: Increasing Awareness of Health Benefits

Emerging Countries for Camel Milk

Investments to Expand Australian Camel Milk Production

Presented By

AMA Research & Media LLP

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double-figures · 5 years

Text

Baobab tree of the east Africa

It was one of my dreams to hug a Baobab, the tree that lives for several thousand years. This miraculous stupendous tree it reaches between 5 to 30 meters high, and have trunk diameters of 7 to 12 meters, which is around 80 percent water, it stores up to 120,000 liters of water. Looks like an up-side-down tree during the dry season, it loses the leaves and remains leafless till the rainy season, then absorbs and stores water in its vast trunk.

In the myth story, God is planting the trees on the earth and decides to get each of the animals to help him. So God gave every animal a different tree to plant and they all went about their tasks quite happily, all except for the hyena. The hyena was given the baobab tree and he didn’t plant it with care. Instead he shoved it into the earth, upside down. That is why the roots look like they are growing in the air and the leaves are buried out of sight in the ground.

Diani beach, Kongo Mosque, Swahili coast, Kenya. January 2019

Baobab fruit

Superfood of fruit Baobab has incredible health benefits, been used medicinally for centuries in the form of powder or oil in Africa, to treat illness such as Malaria, it helps to boosts the immune system, rich in vitamin C, fibre, and many minerals like potassium, magnesium, iron and zinc, contains more antioxidants than any other whole fruit.

Baking in the sun for 6 months, green, prickly, velvet-like coating, inside is dry, off-white pulp of the fruit which contains no moisture, it has citrus taste. The only fruit in the world that dries naturally on the branch.

Monkeys have also found their way to crack the hard shell fruit, and feed on it’s pulp.

Swahili Coast, Manda Island, Kenya. November 2018

#Baobab #Swahili coast #East Africa #hyena myth #Kenya

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writing-after-the-disaster · 6 years

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Hisham Aidi writes:

Exactly 20 years ago I was running around Cairo trying to find people who had met Malcolm X. I spoke to Jamal al-Banna (liberation theologian, trade unionist & youngest brother of Hasan al Banna) and David Du Bois (journalist, Maoist & jazzhead and step-son of W.E.B. Du Bois. They were both very helpful in making sense of MX's thought.

(The image below is from Al Bilad, a Saudi newspaper (in July 1964) -- it's one of my favorite interviews with MX, where the interviewer tells Hajj Shabazz – I don’t understand why you describe yourself as black, when you’re actually “wheat-colored;” MX laughs and proceeds to explain the “one drop rule” and how race works in America.

In this long-acoming essay, I discuss the globalization of MX's image over the last 20 years; MX's time in Egypt, Ghana, and Saudi; his interest in setting up a branch of Al-Azhar in Harlem & how in Sept 1964 (following months of training) he was appointed an official representative of the (Salafi) Muslim World League and hoped to make Muslim Mosque Inc a "legal branch of the Muslim World League" - also in Harlem; also discussed -- the controversy surrounding the 2011 Marable biography, and the once published - now off the market - slightly redacted travel diary of MX.

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"‘I have difficulty praying. My big toe is not used to it,’ Malcolm told his diary on April 20, 1964 shortly after arriving in Mecca. Having recently left the Nation of Islam with their practices, he was still acclimating to sitting on his knees during prayer. Despite the pain, the following day he embarks on the journey to Mount Arafat, part of the hajj pilgrimage, joining ‘hundreds of thousands of pilgrims, all colors, buses, car, camel, donkey & foot.’ Mecca, he writes, is surrounded by the: "cruelest looking mts [mountains] I’ve ever seen. They seem to be made of the waste material from a blast furnace. No vegetation on them at all. The houses are old & modern. Some sections of the city are no different than when the Prophet Abraham was here over 4000 [years ago] – other sections look like a Miami suburb.

Wandering among the pilgrims, he describes the rituals, the seven stones cast at the devil, the circumambulating of the kaaba, and observes,‘This would be an anthropologist’s paradise.’

The diaries also provide a firsthand account of Malcolm’s travels in Egypt, Ghana, Palestine, and Saudi Arabia in 1964. There’s Malcolm crossing Tahrir Square to buy some lemonade at Groppi’s, a still-existing pastry shop; then he’s buying pajamas, picking up vitamin C tablets (because he’s feeling kind of “woozy”), going to the movies, and so on.

Malcolm X is a powerful optic through which to understand America’s post-war ascendance and expansion into the Middle East. His is the perspective of a ghetto-dweller who has transcended the borders drawn around him.‘[A]s though I had stepped out of prison,’ he writes, when he travels abroad. The diaries – several notebooks of single-spaced hand- writing – show an anthropologist’s eye. Malcolm comments on the landscape, the politics, cultural and religious differences, with humorous asides. When a friend arrives late, he quips, ‘Arab time!!’ At one point, he observes, ‘The worst most dangerous habit among Arab Muslims is cigarettes. They smoke constantly, even on the Hajj.’ There are also personal reflections on his mood, health and intense solitude.The words ‘lonesome’ and ‘alone’ appear on almost every other page. His thoughts on Saudi Arabia support the standard narrative that the hajj was transformative.

Yet the diaries show something else: when not in Arabia, Malcolm seemed to enjoy being away from his role as a religious leader, and away from religious strictures as well.Whether in Ghana, Guinea, Kenya or Egypt, he immerses himself in the cultural life of these newly independent states, and the younger Malcolm, the music aficionado, resurfaces, as he frequents night-clubs and dance centers again. In Nairobi, he goes to see his friend Gee Gee sing at the Equator Club, and then accompanies Vice-president Oginga Odinga to a party at the Goan Institute of Dance. (‘The PM is a good dancer, remarkably for his age,’ he writes.) In Guinea, he attends a wedding party, then goes to a nightclub and,‘watche[s] some Americans from the Ship-hope try to dance.’ He rejoices in seeing newly independent states shunt aside European colonial music and celebrate their own musical traditions. In Accra – accompanied by Maya Angelou – he attends a party at the Ghana Press Club and enjoys ‘Highlife,’ which would become the country’s national music (Angelou 1986, 134). But it’s mostly in Egypt, which he saw as the bridge between Africa and Asia, a key player in the Non-Aligned Movement, that he spent the most time and experienced the most cultural immersion.

The story of Egyptian jazz dates back to the Harlem Renaissance, when African-American musicians who had settled in Paris, ventured east. In December 1921, Eugene Bullard, the Georgia-born military pilot, drummer and prize fighter, traveled from Paris to Alexandria, Egypt. For six months, he played with the jazz ensemble at the Hotel Claridge, and fought two fights while in Egypt (Lloyd 2000, 79). A decade later, the blues singer Alberta Hunter followed suit, singing in Istanbul and Cairo (Shack 2001, 43). The trumpeter and vocalist Bill Coleman would live in Cairo from 1939 to 1940, leading the Harlem Rhythmakers/Swing Stars. As Islam began to take hold in American cities and within jazz circles, Muslim jazz musicians would journey to Egypt. In 1932, an African-American Muslim with a saxophone turned up in Cairo, saying that he was working his way to Mecca (Berger 1964). With America’s post-war ascent, jazz would spread around the world carried by servicemen, Hollywood and Voice of America broadcasts. In 1958, the bassist Jamil Nasir, trumpeter Idrees Sulieman, and pianist Oscar Dennard traveled to Tangier, where a VOA relay station would broadcast Willis Conover’s Jazz Hour to listeners behind the Iron Cur- tain, where they recorded an album. They then went on to Cairo. In the Egyptian capital, the thirty-two-year-old Dennard would fall ill and die from typhoid fever; he would be buried in the city, his grave a regular stop for visiting jazz musicians.

All to say, by the time David Du Bois arrived in Cairo in 1960, there was already a local jazz scene and the State Department had launched its jazz diplomacy tours aimed at countering Soviet propaganda. Du Bois and his friends – with the support of the Egyptian Ministry of Culture – would try to create a music culture different from that sponsored by the US government. The Egyptian government was also leery of the jazz tours, and turned back ‘jambassador’ Dizzy Gillespie at Cairo airport in 1956 following the Suez War.

This was the buoyant cultural moment that Malcolm X encounters when he arrives in July 1964. Egypt is flourishing culturally, a regional leader in music, cinema and litera- ture. Malcolm’s diary entries from Egypt confirm the events and personalities described in Du Bois’ novel. David Du Bois is working as an announcer at Radio Cairo, and lobbying Egyptian officials to have his father’s books – especially Black Flame Trilogy – translated. (Black Boy by Richard Wright was the only work of African-American literature available in Arabic, he would write to his mother in November 1960; he wanted the government to translate Lorraine Hansberry’s Raisin in the Sun and Langston Hughes’ primer on jazz.) The local jazz scene was feeding off musical trends in the US, as American jazz artists wrote compositions in honor of Africa and Afro-Asian solidarity. Malcolm would soak up the scene in Cairo and Alexandria, attending weddings and concerts, socializing at Cairo’s elite social clubs, sailing down the Nile to the Valley of Kings. It’s in Cairo that he meets Fifi, a Swiss woman who works for the UN, and who is quite smitten by him. All along, of course, he is networking with regime officials and scholars hoping to build a branch of Al-Azhar in Harlem.When he travels from Cairo to Saudi Arabia for hajj, he is struck by how culturally barren the kingdom is compared to Egypt.

The diaries in effect show a man who has landed smack in the middle of the ‘Arab Cold War’ of the early 1960s, which pitted Nasser’s Egypt and her socialist allies against Saudi Arabia and the conservative monarchies backed by the US. As part of the Non-Aligned Movement, Nasser had stepped up his rhetorical attacks on American-allied monarchies in the region, through Radio Cairo, denouncing the royals for their social conservatism and alliance with the West. Music was at the heart of this propaganda effort, as top musicians were enlisted to sing the praises of ‘our destiny’ and ‘historical leader.’ And the expat jazz artists were solidly on the Egyptian side. One of the musicians, saxophonist Othman Karim, would set up the Cairo Jazz Quartet and record a track called ‘Yayeesh Nasser’ (‘Long Live Nasser’) (Du Bois 1964, 47). Karim would go on to collaborate with Salah Ragab, a young drummer and major in the Egyptian army, who would become Egypt’s most famous jazz musician, working with Sun Ra and Randy Weston.2 When Malcolm X arrives in Cairo, he negotiates this cultural tug of war, hanging with the ‘bros’ but also listening to jazz with Morroe Berger, a Princeton Arabist, expert on Black Muslims and organizer of State Department jazz tours. This contest is subtly rendered in Du Bois’ novel. Both Ragab and Karim make appearances – as characters named Salah Janin and Muhammad X – performing at the Cairo Jazz Combo.The Saudis would soon respond to Nasser’s cultural diplomacy, creating a radio station with religious broadcasts. In 1964, they launched their own ideological offensive, setting up the Muslim World League, to mobilize various Islamist groups to counter the spread of socialism and secular Arab nationalism."

Hisham Aidi, “Du Bois, Ghana and Cairo Jazz: The Geo-Politics of Malcolm X” https://www.academia.edu/36710145/Du_Bois_Ghana_and_Cairo_Jazz_The_Geo-Politics_of_Malcolm_X

#Hisham Aidi #malcolm x #cairo #du bois #ghana

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kitchencupboardunderground · 6 years

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Carrier Oil – Macadamia Nut Oil

With all of the skin loving benefits that macadamia nut oil contains, it’s perfect for mature and dry skin. It is similar to jojoba oil in that nut’s chemical profile is close to the sebum our skin creates to keep us moisturized. Some of the amazing benefits include: it won’t clog pores, hypoallergenic, aids in skin cell regeneration, contains antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and it’s soothing. Besides being great for the skin, it’s also considered heart healthy due to the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. But keep in mind that it does come at a price of 481 calories per ½ cup.

Name of Oil: Macadamia Nut Oil

Latin Name: Macadamia integrifolia, Macadamia ternifolia, Macadamia tetraphylla

Areas of Origin: Australia, Italy, Kenya

Parts Used: Nuts

Scent: Little to no scent

Color: Pale yellow to golden yellow

Benefits: It contains approximately 60% oleic acid, 19% palmitoleic acid, 1-3% linoleic acid, 1-2% linolenic acid; omega 3 ,6 and 7; Vitamins: A, B1, B2, B6, C, and E.

Shelf Life: Up to 2 years; keep refrigerated

Safety: Not recommended for those with nut allergies

Extra Tidbits:

Excellent for dry or mature skin – massage a little on to the skin for softening and moisturizing benefits

Use a little on chapped lips in the winter to rehydrate them

Links

Though I like to keep this secret to myself, I’ll share with you my all time favorite place to buy delightful confections that include macadamia nuts: (bigislandcandies.com)

Until next time, discover the power of exploring new carrier oils.

Kitchen Cupboard Underground is a weekly blog on home remedies and natural wellness. Find 100% natural, wellness and personal care products Made for You and delivered to your door at BotanicalTherapy.com.

#macadamia nut #macadamia #essential oils #skincare #moisturizer

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parkwolff5-blog · 6 years

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trenttrendspotter · 3 years

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ECRM Top Beauty Trends of the Year (Part 1)

By Nancy Trent

This year ECRM hosted their virtual skin care, bath, cosmetics, and natural beauty program. We explored new trends with the brands that are revolutionizing the industry with their innovative products in natural and organic skin care and cosmetics.

Twinlab Consolidation Corporation, established in 1968, is an industry-focused health and wellness company committed to developing top brands, including Reserveage Nutrition premium nutritional and anti-aging/wellness supplements. This brand is the intersection of beauty and wellness, and centers on three emerging categories: Collagen, Keratin, and Resveratrol. Their products are designed to work with and kickstart the natural processes of the body, so women can look and feel their best every day. They are launching a new line called Pro-Collagen Booster Skincare that completes the inner and outer beauty story and will create a halo effect with their supplement portfolio. Reserveage also offers a keratin with biotin for both men and women.

Jean Pierre specializes in beauty and personal care products while Almar Sales is an international consumer products company that designs, manufactures, and distributes top quality cosmetics and skin care as well as fashionable accessories, jewelry, and novelty items, to retailers around the globe. One of their natural and organic skin care brands is Blum Naturals. This line includes cleansing wipes, face creams, oil blotting sheets, eye makeup remover, baby shampoo, baby lotion, baby bubble bath and baby wipes. Jean Pierre Cosmetics’ ingredients include rare flowers, herbs, and natural plant extracts. All formulations are PH balanced, hypo allergenic & alcohol free. As a growing force within the cosmetics and skin care business, they are on the cutting edge of innovative beauty trends and curate their collections to reflect the various aesthetics of their branded and private labels.

Vital’s International Group creates and manufactures natural products in hair care and skin care, made with mostly organic ingredients that work. They developed the formulations for their trademarked brand Pura d’or in 2012, the year the business started. The hero shampoo and Argan Oil items became top 100 beauty items on amazon SKU in 2012 and remained so through 2015. In 2015, the company received the Amazon Beauty Vendor of the Year Award. Their other products include an 11 SKU skin care line of Oils and 20% Vitamin C Serum. The Oils are all Certified Organic. They include Argan Oil, Rosehips Seed Oil, Castor Oil, Vitamin E Oil, Tamanu Oil, Jojoba Oil, Rose Water Toner, Sweet Almond Oil, and Fractionated Coconut Oil. The company is environmentally conscious, and a certified Minority owned business.

Barber and Brand LLC: Dr. Tusk produces a plant-based line of personal care products, plus aims to help save the world’s elephants. 5% of profits are donated to Wildlife SOS in India, The Elephant Sanctuary in Tennessee and Save the Elephants in Kenya. Some of the plant-based core women’s and men’s daily-use products include shampoo, body wash, shaving cream, soap and deodorant. What makes these products on-trend are the natural hemp, caffeine and dragon’s blood formulas. The products also have unique natural fragrances like Siberian Cedarwood, Burmese Sandalwood, and Tundra Tea Tree. There is even a baby and kids line, called Little Tuskers, that includes shampoo, bubble bath, lotion and balms. Also, the new wave in 2021 is reishi and chaga mushroom extract shampoos, along with an apple cider vinegar hair preservation system.

CosMyFy is based on innovation, offering the possibility for influencers to create their own makeup lines. They launched in Italy in November 2018. EVERYDAY FOR FUTURE is their skincare brand, with products that are 98% natural formula, vegan certified, sustainable packaging, everything wrapped in a fresh and attractive design. They customize products from scratch according to their clients’ specific needs, such as developing a vegan or gluten free formula or searching for specific ingredients related to the geographical area of the client. Their goal is to guarantee maximum performance with the least impact on the environment while enhancing the wellbeing of your skin.

Naisture by Banzai Living Inc. is a natural line with nature-inspired ingredients such as plant, flower, or fruit extracts, and formulated without parabens, phthalates, mineral oil, and harsh sulfates. Inspired by an aesthetician background and “moisture” being the most important part of basic skincare, Naisture (Natural + Moisture) was born. They offer a variety of trial kits so you can customize various products according to your skin needs. They can create home spa care or self-care kits to offer diversity with added value to customize to specific retail price range. Their HERO product lines are Self-care Kits, 3 Step Skin Care, and Just in 15 Minute Sheet Masks.

Next Frontier Brands is dedicated to bringing premier beverage and wellness products to consumers globally. Part of the Next Frontier Brands wellness portfolio is Dr. Denese and SkinScience, which provides everyday luxury with clinically proven anti-aging products for the FDM channel. All products are vegan and PETA-Certified Cruelty Free. Products include Hydroshield, Firming Facial, and Peptide Power.

Snaproducts is a global beauty company specializing in the development and distribution of the latest beauty and personal care products. One of their products is Miss Spa Sculpt, a system of serums, medical-grade silicone patches, and innovative tools for face and body. Their formulations are vegan, gluten free, free from parabens and phthalates, and created without animal testing.

Bella and Bear doesn’t believe in animal testing for the sake of beauty. Their mason jars come from recycled plastic and products include body scrubs, face masks, bath salts, hand cream & hand scrub, body butters, shave cream, shower jellies, and shampoo & conditioner.

Duogreen, Inc: Avarelle acne cover patch is an all-natural cover patch with the key ingredient of Hyrdocolloid dressing, plus infused oil such as tea tree, calendula, rosehip seed oil, and Cica. The AM patch is discreet and the PM patch protects your face from pillow bacteria during the night.

Onyx Distribution: Pure Daily Care is a health and beauty line that specializes in developing essential health and wellness products to integrate into your daily routine. Products include nano facial steamer, aromatherapy, body scrub, body shave, women electric shave and more.

Portland Bee Balm products are available through KeHE and more, as well as direct. Real wooden labels, innovative wooden display cases, high-quality ingredients, and an excellent price point differentiates them. The wooden register displays help to create and utilize space in the most valuable part of the store (the front end), and their displays can be customized to fit your stores’ needs. Hand built, reusable, wooden display cases are provided free to all customers. Also, 1% for the Planet members, helping to support urban beekeeping. They have Oregon Mint lip balm, Unscented lip balm, Rose Garden lip balm, and Solar Eclipse lip balm. The ingredients are Pacific NW beeswax, organic cold pressed extra virgin coconut oil, organic California extra virgin olive oil, Oregon peppermint essential oil (mint only), rose absolute (rose only), and non-nano zinc oxide (solar eclipse only). Their lip balms can be found in thousands of stores across the country.

Skin Research Group is a family company with a history of making natural-based skincare for over 50 years. Skin Chemists is their luxury anti-aging range, focused on revolutionary and unconventional ideas that go beyond ordinary skincare to combat and control skin ageing at its source. Dr. Botanicals is the indie beauty brand from London. Ethically made, never tested on animals, and always 100% vegan friendly. Their formulations harness nature’s goodness, energy, and vitamins. Their company’s mission is to make vegan skincare that will consistently deliver results. They are a completely inclusive brand; the products are non-gender biased and cater to all skin types. Not only are the products inclusive, so is the company. They are a proud LGBT and minority owned brand, celebrate diversity and support BLM, women’s empowerment and the LGBTQIA community.

Wake Up to Beauty is a woman-owned company with a focus on anhydrous formulation. They are experts in creating natural products that follow certifications guidelines for PETA, Leaping Bunny, MadeSafe, and EWG. Their product & formula libraries focus on Bath Bombs, Candles, Shower Bombs, Body Scrubs, Bar Soaps, Shampoo Bars, Conditioner Bars, Bath Salts, Balms, Salves, Oils (Massage, Skin, Hair and Beard) and more! An anhydrous formula contains little to no water and allows the company to create self-preserving products. As a result, the products offer maximum efficacy and full concentration without synthetics or additives. Their in-house brand Level Naturals focuses on clean self care products for the bath body.

Private Label Skincare Florida has created cutting-edge formulations to hundreds of brands since 2011. By analyzing search trends in beauty, via web traffic and product searches as well as social media influence on various products and comparing those to product availability, the company is able to marry consumer demand with product voids. This company creates and produces premium naturally formulated clean and organic skin and hair care products that are cruelty-free and vegan.

Garcoa Inc. is a women-owned liquid product manufacturer specializing in private label and branded products across multiple categories. To capitalize on the boom in body care, Garcoa is expanding the Nature’s Beauty brand to include body care collections that focus on sleep, detox, and stress relief. The solution-oriented products combine time-tested, plant-based ingredients to cleanse, nourish and rejuvenate with aromatic fragrances to transform mood. The collection features trending ingredient combinations such as Elderberry Eucalyptus, Lavender Chamomile and Orange Ginger to purify, relieve inflammation and help improve skin tone and texture. The product assortment includes bath & body wash, body scrubs, body lotions and butters and 10 piece bath bomb gift sets.

Stayed tuned for more from ECRM’s virtual skin care, bath, cosmetics, and natural beauty program. We’ll look at more natural and organic brands in part 2.

As Seen in WholeFoods Magazine

#ecrm #beauty #trend #skincare #makeup #natural

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