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Schematic figure of Maxwell's demon thought experiment

What is Maxwell's Demon ?

So yesterday while I was studying superconductivity I came across a weird yet interesting thought experiment which was" the finite being " or more famously known as " The Maxwell's Demon " from the name it doesn't seem to be a something related to physics but it is . As the name suggests Maxwell's Demon was first observed by the very famous physicist who was famous for his four equations in electromagnetism which has revolutionaries or changes the way we look at electromagnetism today sir James Clerk Maxwell . At first Maxwell called it " the finite being " which was published in his first letter . Later it was renamed as demon by Lord Kelvin and from there we got the name Maxwell's Demon . It is basically a thought experiment in which a demon controls the door between two chambers containing gases of different temperatures . This experiment is something which actually defies or more precisely violet's the second law of thermodynamics .

In this thought experiment when two gases filled in two different chambers one having hot temperature and the other having cold temperature is kept in contact then there appears to be a demon who actually opens the gate between the two chambers which allows the fast moving molecules to move to one chamber and the slow moving molecules to move towards the other ultimately increasing the temperature of the one and decreasing the temperature of the other . This would eventually decrease the total entropy of the system without doing any type of work thus defying the second law of thermodynamics .

And also that from the second law as we know that when two bodies are brought together in contact with each other having different temperatures then both the bodies will evolve to a certain fixed temperature thus being in thermodynamic equilibrium but in this case the temperature of both the bodies are different even though the bodies are kept in contact .

After Maxwell told this observation to the world many physicists worked on it gave the mathematical calculation which says that if a more complete analysis has been made of the whole system including the Demon then it would not defy or violate the second law of thermodynamics .

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What is LIGO ?

LIGO, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, is a place where scientists detect gravitational waves. These waves are like ripples in space caused by big events, such as black holes colliding. LIGO uses lasers to measure tiny changes, helping us learn more about the universe. On the concept of LIGO the physicists are constructing the world's first Einstein's telescope ( on the borders of Germany, Belgium and Switzerland ) which will be using the concept of gravitational waves ( Proposed by Prof. Albert Einstein in his famous paper work on general relativity in the year 1915 ) to view astronomical events .