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Causes of Brain Tumor

Brain tumors are abnormal growths or masses of cells in your brain. They can be cancerous or noncancerous, and some grow quickly while others are slow-growing. Even if a brain tumor is noncancerous, it can still impact brain function and your health if it grows large enough to press on surrounding nerves, blood vessels, and tissue. Tumors that develop in your brain are called primary tumors, while tumors that spread to your brain after forming in a different part of your body are called secondary tumors or metastatic brain tumors. This article focuses on primary brain tumors.

The most common types of brain tumors that are benign include: -Chordomas -Craniopharyngiomas -Gangliocytomas -Gangliomas -Anaplastic Gangliogliomas -Glomus jugulare -Meningiomas

These types of brain tumors typically grow slowly and form in different areas of the brain. While most are benign, in rare cases a malignant tumor may develop.

Cancerous (malignant) Brain tumors

Almost 80% of primary brain tumors are gliomas. These tumors develop from glial cells, which surround and assist nerve cells. Types of gliomas include:

Astrocytoma: These tumors are the most common type of glioma. They form from astrocytes, star-shaped glial cells. They can occur in many parts of the brain, but are most commonly found in the cerebrum.

Ependymoma: These tumors often occur near the ventricles in the brain. They develop from ependymal cells (radial glial cells).

Glioblastoma (GBM): These tumors form from glial cells called astrocytes. GBMs are the fastest-growing type of astrocytoma.

Oligodendroglioma: These uncommon tumors begin in cells that create myelin, a layer of insulation around nerves in the brain.

Medulloblastoma: This is another type of cancerous brain tumor. These tumors are fast growing and form at the base of the skull. They’re the most common cancerous brain tumor in children.

Who do brain tumors affect?

Brain tumors can develop in people of any age, but they are slightly more common in people who are assigned male at birth (AMAB). The most serious type of brain tumor, glioblastoma, is becoming more common among people as the general population ages. The only type of brain tumor that is more common in people who are assigned female at birth (AFAB) is meningioma, which is usually about Brain Tumor.

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Types of Brain Tumor

More than 120 different types of Brain Tumor lesions, and cysts exist, which are differentiated by where they occur and what kinds of cells they are made of. Some types of tumors are typically benign (noncancerous), while others are typically malignant (cancerous). However, some tumors may have a 50/50 chance of being cancerous.

Some of the tumor types listed below may arise from the bone or other types of tissues outside the brain. However, their proximity to the brain makes them likely to affect structures of the brain, which is why they are included in this list.

Typically Benign Brain Tumor

Meningioma

Meningioma is the most common type of brain tumor, accounting for more than 30% of all brain tumors. Meningiomas originate in the meninges, the outer three layers of tissue that cover and protect the brain just under the skull. Women are diagnosed with meningiomas more often than men.

Most meningiomas are noncancerous, slow-growing tumors. However, some meningiomas can be persistent and come back after treatment.

Pituitary Adenomas

Pituitary adenomas are the most common type of pituitary tumor. They develop from the pituitary gland and grow at a slow rate. Adenomas can cause vision and endocrinological problems, but they are benign and treatable with surgery and/or medication.

Craniopharyngiomas

Craniopharyngiomas are non-cancerous tumors that grow near the pituitary gland. These tumors can appear as solid masses or cysts, and can often press on nearby nerves, blood vessels, or parts of the brain. Craniopharyngiomas can cause vision and endocrinological issues, and usually affect children and adolescents, as well as adults over the age of 50.

Schwannoma

An acoustic neuroma is a benign, slow-growing tumor of the nerve that connects the ear to the brain. It usually develops in middle-aged adults, grows on the nerve sheath, and often causes hearing loss. A trigeminal schwannoma is a less common type of tumor that can affect the trigeminal nerve and cause facial pain.

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a benign growth that most commonly affects adolescent boys and young men. The tumor is located in the nasopharynx, the area at the back of the nose that connects to the mouth. Nasopharyngeal angiofibromas can cause a variety of symptoms, including nosebleeds, congestion, and difficulty breathing. Treatment options are available and vary depending on the severity of the tumor.

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How Long Before Brain Tumor Symptoms Show?

A Brain Tumor is an abnormal growth or mass of cells in your brain. There are many different types of brain tumors, some of which are noncancerous (benign), and some of which are cancerous (malignant).

The development of brain and spinal cord tumors is caused by alterations in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) within cells. DNA is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and function of all known living organisms. The majority of people usually resemble their parents physically because they share the same DNA. However, DNA also plays a role in more than just physical appearance.

Brain tumors can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their size and location. Some tumors cause damage by invading brain tissue, while others may cause pressure on the surrounding brain.

If a brain tumor is growing and putting pressure on brain tissue, you may experience headaches. These headaches may be worse in the morning upon waking or may occur while you are sleeping. They may also be made worse by coughing, sneezing, or exercise.

Symptoms you may experience before a Brain Tumor

If you have a brain tumor, you may experience a variety of symptoms. These can include vomiting, blurred or double vision, confusion, seizures, and weakness in a limb or on one side of the face. You may also have difficulty swallowing, speaking, or understanding others. Other common symptoms include clumsiness, memory loss, confusion, difficulty writing or reading, changes in hearing, taste, or smell, decreased alertness, dizziness, eye problems, uncontrollable movements, hand tremors, loss of balance, and loss of bladder or bowel control.

Pituitary tumors can cause a number of symptoms, including nipple discharge, lack of menstruation, development of breast tissue in men, enlargement of the hands and feet, sensitivity to heat or cold, and increased amounts of body hair, low blood pressure, obesity, and changes in vision. Learn More about Brain Tumor.

Treatment

The most common treatment for malignant brain tumors is surgery. The goal of surgery is to remove as much cancer as possible without causing damage to the healthy parts of the brain. However, depending on the location of the tumor, it may not be possible to remove the entire tumor. Even partial removal of brain cancer can be beneficial. Risks of brain surgery include infection and bleeding. Clinically dangerous benign tumors are also surgically removed. Metastatic brain tumors are treated according to guidelines for the type of original cancer. Surgery can be combined with other treatments, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy can help you recover after neurosurgery.

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Brain Tumor its Causes and Symptoms

A Brain Tumor is a mass or growth of abnormal cells that may or may not be cancerous. Cancer can start in the brain or spread from another part of the body to the brain.

Some of the signs are headaches that are new or getting worse, blurred vision, loss of balance, confusion, and seizures. There may be no signs or symptoms in some cases.

A mass or growth of abnormal cells that may or may not be cancerous is called a brain tumour.

Cancer can start in the brain, or it can spread to the brain from another part of the body. Some of the signs are new or worsening headaches, blurry vision, trouble keeping your balance, confusion, and seizures. Sometimes there are no signs or symptoms.

Symptoms

The symptoms and signs of a brain tumour vary a lot and depend on the size, location, and growth rate of the brain tumour.

Brain tumours can cause a number of general signs and symptoms, such as:

Headaches that start-up or change how they act

Headaches that get worse and more frequent over time

Unknown sickness or throwing up

Vision problems like blurry vision, double vision, or loss of peripheral vision

Arm or leg feeling or moving less and less over time

Trouble keeping their balance

Problems with speech

Feeling very tired

Everyday things are a mess

Trouble deciding what to do

not being able to follow simple instructions

a change in personality or behavior

Seizures, especially in people who have never had them before.

Problems with hearing

Causes

Primary brain tumors start in the brain or in tissues close to it, like the membranes that cover the brain (meninges), the cranial nerves, the pituitary gland, or the pineal gland. Normal brain cells get primary brain tumors when their DNA changes in some way.

The instructions for what a cell should do are written in its DNA. The mutations tell the cells to grow and divide quickly and to keep living when healthy cells would die. The result is a tumor, which is a mass of abnormal cells.

Cancer that starts somewhere else and spreads to the brain is a much more common cause of secondary brain tumours in adults.

There are a lot of different kinds of primary brain tumors. The type of cells in each gives it its name. Examples include:

Gliomas. These tumors start in the brain or spinal cord and include astrocytomas, ependymomas, glioblastomas, oligoastrocytomas, and oligodendrogliomas.

Meningiomas. A meningioma is a tumor that starts in the membranes that cover your brain and spinal cord (meninges). Most meningiomas don't turn out to be cancer.

Acoustic neuromas (schwannomas). These are benign tumors that grow on the nerves that go from your inner ear to your brain and control your balance and hearing.

Pituitary adenomas. These are tumors that grow in the gland at the base of the brain called the pituitary. These tumors can change the hormones made by the pituitary gland, which can have effects all over the body.

Medulloblastomas. Most of the time, these cancerous brain tumors happen in children, but they can happen at any age. A medulloblastoma starts in the lower back part of the brain and spreads through the spinal fluid.

Tumors in germ cells. During childhood, germ cell tumors can form where the testicles or ovaries will grow. But germ cell tumors can sometimes spread to other parts of the body, like the brain.