vocablistswithgrammar

[vocablistswithgrammar]

4 Easy Korean Grammar

자마자, 아/어야 되다, 네요, 뿐만 아니라

There are 2 intermediate and 2 beginner grammar, although I think they are almost all around the upper beginner/low Intermediate range. Depending on your level, these will be very easy to learn compared to some other (more complicated) Korean grammar.

~ 자마자 (beginner)

~ 아/어야 되다 (intermediate)

~ 네요 (beginner)

~ (으)ㄹ뿐만 아니라 (intermediate)

V-자마자 = as soon as, right away

Usage: to Indicate that something occurs immediately after the end of some other event or action. It’s added to verbs and translated as “right after” or “as soon as” in English. -자마자 can also be shortened to just -자.

Base form → -자마자 = Ex: 보다 → 보자마자 - as soon as I see, as soon as I look, as soon as I watch

Examples:

수업이 끝나자마자 학생들은 교실을 나갔어요.

The students left the classroom right after class ended.

상자를 열자 오래된 책들과 문서가 보였습니다.

When I opened the box, I saw old books and documents.

가게에서 보자마자 마음에 들어서 바로 산 거야.

I bought it right away because I liked it as soon as I saw it at the store.

Rules To Know:

The tense in not expressed with the first verb before 자마자, but is added in the second verb.

Example:

집에 갔자마자 쉬었어요 (X) → 집에 가자마자 쉬었어요 (O)

The subjects in the first and/or second clause can either be the same or different and it’s still fine

A/V -아/어야 되다 = have to, should

Usage: To express an obligation or necessity to do something. The form can end with 아/어야 하다 or 아/어야 되다 with no change in meaning, although of -아/어야 되다 is more commonly used than -아/어야 하다.

Forms:

Verbs ending in vowel ㅏ or ㅗ + 아야 되다/하다:

가다 → 가야 되다/하다 = have to go

Verbs ending in vowel other thanㅏ or ㅗ + 어야 되다/하다:

읽다 → 읽어야 되다/하다 = have to read

하다 verbs → 해야 되다/하다:

공부하다 → 공부해야 되다/하다 = have to study

Examples:

시간이 늦어서 이만 집에 가야 해.

It's late, so I have to go home now.

그는 여자 친구에게 줄 꽃은 꼭 빨간 장미이어야 된다고 했어.

He said the flowers for his girlfriend must be red roses.

비 오는 날 운전할 때는 평소보다 더 조심하여야 돼요.

You should be more careful than usual when driving on a rainy day.

A/V/N - (이)네요 = really, certainly, wow

Usage: to express surprise when you learn something from an experience (not from another source) or agree with someone (experiencing the same thing)

Tense:

A/V -네요

N -(이)네요

학생 -> 학생이네요

의사 -> 의사(이)네요

Examples:

오늘은 날씨가 정말 좋네요.

Wow, the weather is really nice today.

백화점에 사람이 정말 많네요.

There are so many people at the store today.

가: 한국 음식을 잘 드시네요. = You eat Korean foods really well.

나: 네, 한국 음식이 아주 맛있어요. = Yes, Korea food is so delicious.

(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 = not only A but also B

Usage: to express that “not only what you said in the first sentence, but also what you said in the first sentence”. This can be without the -만 part added in too.

Tenses:

A/V (past) - 았/었을 뿐만 아니라

A/V (present) - 을/ㄹ 뿐만 아니라

N이다 - w/ consonants - 일 뿐만 아니라

N - w/ vowels - 뿐만 아니라

Examples:

지수는 예쁠 뿐만 아니라 성격도 좋아서 인기가 많네.

Not only is Jisoo pretty, but her personality is also really good, so she’s very popular.

승규는 약속 시간에 나타나지 않았을 뿐만 아니라 이후에도 연락이 없었어요.

Seungyu not only didn’t show up to our date on time, but also didn’t even contact me after.

[vocablistswithgrammar]

KOREAN READING PRACTICE

⚠️I got this story (as I do most of my reading practice posts) from LingQ. It's called "LingQ mini stories"

Did you know that if you improve your reading skills your listening skills will also improve!?

If you want to Improve listening (besides practicing listening daily) you should try reading more often. You're basically practicing comprehension.

If you can understand something you read, you will be able to understand something when you hear it. Although you might find it easier to listen and read at the same time.

📚STORY:

친구가 멀리 이사 갔어요. 최근에 그녀가 집에 식사하러 오라고 했어요.

친구 집에 찾아가게 되어서 기뻤어요.

기차표를 샀어요.

친구를 만나려고 기차 여행을 했어요.

친구는 저를 보고 매우 기뻐했어요.

친구는 저녁 식사를 만들고 있었어요.

그녀는 김치찌개와 불고기와 게장을 만들고 있었어요.

하지만 저는 게 알러지가 있었어요.

그래서 김치찌개와 불고기만 먹었습니다.

🖊Comprehension Questions:

1) 정아의 친구는 가까이에 사나요?

2) 정아의 친구가 무엇을 하라고 했나요?

3) 정아는 친구 집에 찾아가게 되어서 기뻤나요?

4) 정아는 무엇을 샀나요?

5) 정아는 어디로 여행을 했나요?

Bonus Practice > different perspective

정아의 친구는 멀리 살아요. 그녀가 정아에게 집에 식사하러 오라고 했어요.

정아는 친구 집에 찾아가게 되어서 기뻐요.

정아는 이미 기차표를 사두었어요.

그녀는 친구를 만나려고 기차 여행을 해요.

정아의 친구는 저녁 식사를 만들고 있었어요.

정아의 친구는 김치찌개와 불고기와 게장을 만들고 있었어요.

하지만 정아는 게 알러지가 있어요.

그래서 김치찌개와 불고기만 먹습니다.

ANSWERS:

1) 정아의 친구는 가까이에 사나요?

아니요, 정아의 친구는 가까이에 안 살아요. 정아의 친구는 멀리 이사 갔어요.

2) 정아의 친구가 무엇을 하라고 했나요?

정아의 친구는 정아에게 식사하러 집에 오라고 했어요.

3) 정아는 친구 집에 찾아가게 되어서 기뻤나요?

네, 정아는 친구 집에 찾아가게 되어서 기뻤어요.

4) 정아는 무엇을 샀나요?

정아는 기차표를 샀어요.

5) 정아는 어디로 여행을 했나요?

정아는 친구를 만나려고 여행을 했어요.

[vocablistswithgrammar]

[Tips for Korean learners] 한국어 좀 해요(= 할 줄 알아요) / 한국어 조금 밖에 못해요 are different. How?

Hello! TTTempting everyone! This is the Korean Grammar Doctor! 안녕하세요! 여러분! 한국어 문법 의사입니다. . . One day, I walked around a shopping mall with my girlfriend. I jokingly said that if I lose her at the shopping mall, I would ask around ‘한국어 좀 하는 외국인‘ to find her. Then, she was disappointed and asked me “Is my Korean that bad? I have studied Korean so hard, but I am still 한국어 조금 하는 외국인?” I was surprised by her unexpected reaction because I didn’t mean to say that her Korean was bad. It was more like ‘한국어 잘 하는 외국인’ . . I also found that quite a few English speakers think that “한국어 좀 할 줄 알아요. /  한국어 좀 해요.“ is used when they are insecure in speaking Korean, which seems like a literal translation of 'I can speak Korean a little bit.’ However, speaking technically, 한국어 좀 할 줄 알아요 and 한국어 조금밖에 못 해요 have different connotations. . . Saying 'I am good at / talented in something’ is often considered an arrogant remark and brings high expectations of one’s skills. If one says "저 영어 잘 해요 / 영어 잘 할 줄 알아요“, it would sound arrogant or full of oneself rather than telling it like it is. Especially at work, if you say that you are good at something, your coworkers will instantly have high expectations of your skills and somebody will misinterpret your message, like "He / She is showing off his / her Korean skills.” Hence, Koreans have evolved to be reluctant to say that they are good at something. Instead, they choose to use '조금 / 좀’ to keep a low profile and show humility, but give an implication that they are good at something. . . 영어 좀 할 줄 알아요 / 한국어 좀 해요 are not always 'I can speak English a little bit.’ It is rather 'I can speak English / I am fluent in English, but I want to be humble.’ Otherwise, 영어 조금밖에 못 해요 often means “I am not fluent in English. / I am insecure in speaking English.” Of course those who are fluent in and confident in English can use this expression to show humility as well, but they prefer to say '영어 좀 할 줄 알아요 / 영어 좀 해요.‘ . In addition, its meaning has extended to the point that 'A 씨 영어 좀 하세요. / A씨 영어 좀 할 줄 아세요.’also means 'A is fluent in English.’ So, when you want to describe someone’s good skills, it is fine to use ’~~좀 하세요 / ~~ 좀 할 줄 아세요.‘ . . In short, . - 저 한국어 잘 해요. = It might sound a bit arrogant OR full of oneself to some Koreans (case by case) - 저 한국어 좀 할 줄 알아요 / 저 한국어 좀 해요 = showing humility + confidence - 저 한국어 조금 밖에 못 해요 / 저 한국어 잘 못 해요 = insecurity OR literally not fluent in Korean . . -1) Similar expressions to 저(I, me) 영어 좀 할 줄 알아요. - 저 영어 나쁘지 않게 할 수 있어요. - 저 영어 어느 정도 할 수 있어요. - 저 영어 잘 하는 편은 아니지만, 어느 정도 할 수는 있어요. - 저 영어 괜찮게 할 수 있어요. . -2) Similar expressions to 저 분(the other person) 영어 좀 할 줄 아세요. - 저 분 영어 어느 정도 하실 수 있어요. - 저 분 영어 괜찮게 하세요. - 저 분 영어 잘 하세요. - 저 분 영어에 능통하세요. - 저 분 영어를 능숙하게 할 줄 아세요. . . ㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡ If you have any feedback or questions, please let me know. Thank you. The Korean grammar doctor will always be by Korean learner’s side! Stay TTTempting! 한국어 문법 의사는 언제나 한국어 학습자 곁에 있습니다! Stay TTTempting! ㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡ

[vocablistswithgrammar]

The Different Usages Of -는데

USAGES:

> presenting background circumstances (middle of the sentence)

> presenting background circumstances (end of the sentence)

> requesting information

> requesting agreement or compliance

> expressing disagreement, corrections or discontent

> expressing counter-expectation or exclamation

MOST COMMON USAGE :

presenting background circumstances (middle of the sentence)

when it is used in the middle of a sentence to connect 2 clauses, -는데 provides some background information for the message to be delivered in the next clause/sentence.

[ Clause A ]는데 [ Clause B ]

[ Background ]는데 [ Message ]

Example:

오늘은 바쁜데 내일 만나도 괜찮을까?

I’m busy today, can we meet tomorrow?

In the first clause, the speaker says that they are busy today and this provides the background for the message (that they would like to meet tomorrow instead). There are many reasons why speakers need to provide background information. In the example above, it explains why meeting today would be inconvenient.

presenting background circumstances (end of the sentence)

when using -는데(요) at the end of a sentence, It's also used to introduce the background for a new topic for the listener. In this case, the second clause/sentence is left out. It's used often in news reports.

More examples:

모니터 캐이블 사러 왔는데요.

I’ve come here to buy a monitor cable.

부탁 하나 있는데요.

I have a favour to ask.

requesting information

는데(요) is often used to request more information from the listener. In this instance, the speaker is saying they need to know the situation and are trying to elicit elaboration, clarification or confirmation from the listener.

Example:

일본 언제 가는데?

When are you leaving for Japan?

Here the speaker is requesting more details about the background circumstances than what was provided. -는데 signals the listener to elaborate more on the situation.

This instance of 는데 is sometimes used sarcastically or to ‘play cool’.

Example:

뭔데?

What’s that?

Here the speaker shows disinterest and requests the listener to provide a suitable answer. It can sometimes be like saying ‘Tell me why I should care’.

requesting agreement or compliance

는데(요) is sometimes used to request agreement from the listener. In this instance, the speaker is prompting the listener to see their situation.

Example:

날씨가 추운데.

The weather's pretty cold, isn’t it?

Here the speaker is making an observational statement about the weather conditions. 는데 signals the listener to see the speaker’s situation and be in agreement about it.

Similar to how requesting agreements prompts the listener to see another person's situation, 는데(요) can be used to request compliance.

Examples:

나 지금 공부하고 있는데.

I’m studying right now.

Here the speaker is making an indirect request from the listener. By asking them to read between the lines, the listener can infer which action to take. For example, if someone else is playing loud music, the person who's studying may say the sentence above.

expressing disagreement, corrections or discontent

는데(요) is sometimes used to express disagreement with the listener. In this instance, the speaker is saying that’s not the situation and are expressing their views on the matter. This ending makes the sentence a bit softer, when expressing "negative" feelings or simply correcting what someone else said.

Example:

사투리가 아닌데요.

It’s not a dialect.

Here the speaker is expressing disagreement over some information. 는데 expresses the state of affairs as being different from the listener’s perspective. This prompts the listener to take whatever corrective measures necessary.

Note that speakers are sometimes confrontational or show their discontent when saying that’s not the situation.

Examples:

철수 is confronting 영희

A: Do you have anything to apologise for?

B: 없는데.

B: No (and why would I).

나도 쿠키 좋아하는데.

I too like cookies (how come I didn’t get one?)!

expressing counter-expectation or exclamation

는데(요) is sometimes used to express surprise or exclamation. In this instance, the speaker is saying that’s not the situation I was expecting and is expressing their sudden realisation.

Example:

와, 우리 딸 노래 잘한데.

Wow, our daughter really sings well.

Here the speaker states their surprise realisation over the discovery. -는데 expresses the state of affairs as being different from what they were expecting.

More Random Examples Below:

USAGE 1: (more examples)

한국사람인데 중국에서 살고 있어요.

I’m Korean and living in China (if you can’t tell, I’m Korean).

구두를 사려고 하는데 추천 좀 해주세요.

I’d like to buy shoes, so please recommend some.

8시가 됐는데 학교 빨리 가.

It’s 8 o’clock. Get to school.

더운데 에어콘 켜볼까?

It’s hot; should we turn on the aircon?

USAGE 2:

제가 좋은 식당을 아는데요. 같이 갈래요?

I know a good restaurant. How about going together?

USAGE 3: (extra notes)

This instance of 는데 is sometimes used sarcastically or to ‘play cool’.

Example:

뭔데?

What’s that?

Here the speaker shows disinterest and requests the listener to provide a suitable answer. It can sometimes be like saying ‘Tell me why I should care’.

USAGE 5:

오늘 날씨가 별로 안 추워요.

(It's not really cold today)

- 그래요. 저는 추운데요.

(Well, I feel cold.)

한국 사람이에요?

- 아이요. 한국 사람 아닌데요.

Are you a Korean?

- No, I am not a Korean.

USAGE 6:

비가 점점 많이 오는데!

The rain is getting heavier (we had better change our plans).

평소에 그렇지도 않던데.

You’re not normally like this (what has gotten into you?).

여자 친구가 정말 예쁜데요.

Your girlfriend is really pretty!

⚠️I used this website to help me make this post: ultimatekorean. Also this may not be "all" usages but these are the ones I could find and are used frequently.

[vocablistswithgrammar]

에 VERSUS 에서

At vs At? What's The Difference?

What is 에?

에 is a particle used in Korean sentences. It's is attached after a noun and used to mark time/place. It has the meaning of

(at, in, on, to) in English. However, It doesn't always need to be translated that way, as long as It's there you know that a time or place is being talked about.

Examples -

한국에 (In Korea, At Korea, To Korea)

학교에 (At school, To school)

아침에 (In the morning)

이월에 (In February)

What's The Difference Between 에 & 에서?

에 is used to mean 'at' as in 'to be at a place/location'

> when you use this, there's no indication that you will be/are doing anything at that place. It only tells where you are at.

에서 is used to mean 'at' as well. However, you only use this one when you want to tell WHAT you are doing AT a place/location. There will always be a verb somewhere in these sentences. But that doesn't mean there aren't verbs used with ~에.

> Important to note: you won't see 에서 used when marking time so keep that in mind

Example Sentences:

1.) 민수 씨는 집에 있어요.

(Minsu is at home.)

> 에 is used to simply tell his location. we don't know what Minsu is doing at home, only that he is there.

2.) 민수 씨는 집에서 쉬어요.

(Minsu is resting at home.)

> 에서 is used because we know what action Minsu is doing at home.

3.) 저 식당은 카페 옆에 있어요.

That restaurant is next to a cafe.

4.) 우리는 카페에서 커피를 주문해요.

We order coffee at the cafe

-에 Grammar Exceptions

1.) 에 can't be used with 어제 (yesterday), 오늘 (today), 내일 (tomorrow), 지금 (now)

2.) You can not use 에 on the first time noun. If there are 2 time related nouns.

For example: 다음 주 금요일 (4)네시에 결혼해요.

Next Friday at 4 pm is the wedding.

Notice 에 is placed at the end, after all of the times listed here.

Now Practice Doing So For Yourself:

It can be tricky sometimes to tell the difference~

에 vs 에서 practice:

소라 씨는 도서관___ 책을 읽었어요.

Sora read a book in the library.

우리는 월요일___ 만날거예요.

We'll meet on Monday

존 씨는 공원___ 놀고 있어요.

John is playing at the park.

학교 옆___ 약국이 없어요.

There is no Pharmacy next to the school.

저는 화장실___ 가요.

I am going to the restroom.

팀 씨는 영화관___ 영화를 볼거예요.

Tim will watch a movie with us.

ANSWERS SECTION:

소라 씨는 도서관에서 책을 읽었어요.

Sora read a book in the library.

우리는 월요일에 만날거예요.

We'll meet on Monday

~ remember: 에서 isn't used when marking time

존 씨는 공원에서 놀고 있어요.

John is playing at the park.

학교 옆에 약국이 없어요.

There is no Pharmacy next to the school.

~ most of the time 에 is used with 있어요/없어요

저는 화장실에 가요.

I am going to the restroom.

~ they are going TO the restroom. However, they are not talking about what they are doing IN the restroom

If they said something like "I'm dancing in the restroom" then you would use -에서

팀 씨는 영화관에서 영화를 볼거예요.

Tim will watch a movie with us at the movie theatre/cinema

[vocablistswithgrammar]

KOREAN SENTENCE STRUCTURE

+ how to make more complex sentences (notes at bottom)

Korean Vs English

English Sentence Structure

> SVO (subject - verb - object)

Ex: I Love You

He eats food

They are making ramen

She hates me

Korean Sentence Structure

> SOV (subject - object - verb)

Ex: I You Love = 나는 너를 사랑하다

He food eats

They ramen are making

She me hates

Important Rule To Remember: The Verb Will Always Go At The End Of A Sentence

Different Sentence Structures For Making Basic Sentences

*side note: these sentences aren't conjugated. this is the plain, unconjugated form and It's not typically used when speaking in Korean. I used it in this part of the post, so that the focus can be on the sentence structure and not the conjugations. Just incase there are learners who are still learning or struggling with conjugations.

1.) Subject + Noun

> 저는 학생이다 - I am a student

학생 = student

이다 = to be

2.) Subject + Verb

> 저는 공부하다 - I study/ I am studying

공부하다 = to study

3.) Subject + Adjective

> 여자는 예쁘다 - The woman Is pretty

여자 = woman

예쁘다 = to be pretty

4.) Subject + Object + Verb

> 저는 한국어를 공부하다 - I study Korean

한국어 = korean (language)

You can make full sentences without the subject but only when It's obvious to the other person or people your talking to

(저는) 공부하다

(저는) 학생이다

Practice Basic Sentence Structure:

(answers at the bottom)

1.) I eat chicken

2.) My mom Is a doctor

3.) The man Is smart

4.) I listen to music

5.) This song Is good

Word Bank:

치킨 | 의사 | 좋다 | 먹다 | 남자 | 음악 | 엄마 |

똑똑하다 | 듣다 | 노래 |

⚠️WARNING: this next section is mostly for intermediate learners who have pretty much mastered making basic sentences and want to know how to make longer and more complex sentences

COMPLEX SENTENCE STRUCTURE:

Who (subject)

When (time)

Where (place)

What (object)

How (adverb)

Verb (to do/be)

누구 | 언제 | 어디 | 뭐 | 어떻게 | 하다

Example Sentence :

저는 요즘 집에서 한국어를 열심히 공부합니다.

I study Korean at home very hard these days

(I these days at home korean very hard study)

Practice Using Complex Sentence Structure:

(answers at the bottom)

1.) My dog will play at the park today

2.) I went to the pharmacy and bought a lot of medicine yesterday.

3.) We studied hard at school this week

4.) I will eat toast deliciously this morning

5.) The student Is doing their homework quickly right now

ANSWER SECTION:

Basic Sentence Structure Practice

1.) I eat chicken

저는 치킨을 먹다

2.) My mom Is a doctor

우리 엄마는 의사다

3.) The man Is smart

남자는 똑똑하다

4.) I listen to music

저는 음악을 듣다

5.) This song Is good

이 노래는 좋다

Complex Sentence Structure Practice

1.) My dog will play at the park today

우리 개는 오늘 공원에서 놀거예요.

2.) I went to the pharmacy and bought a lot of medicine yesterday.

저는 어제 약국에 가서 약을 많이 샀어요.

3.) We studied hard at school this week

우리는 이번주에 학교에서 열심히 공부했어요.

4.) I will eat toast deliciously this morning

저는 오늘 아침에 토스트를 맛있게 먹을거예요/먹겠어요

5.) The student Is doing their homework quickly right now

그 학생은 지금 숙제를 빨리 하고 있어요/해요

[vocablistswithgrammar]

BEGINNER KOREAN DIALOGUES

SHORT & EASY

⚠️vocabulary listed at the very bottom

DIALOGUE #1:

송별회 = farewell party

1: 내일 스티브 씨 송별회가 있어요.

Tomorrow, we have a farewell party for Mr. Steve.


2: 송별회가 몇 시예요?

When is the farewell party?


1: 오후 7시예요. 잊지 마세요.

It's 7:00 pm. Don't forget.


2: 네, 내일 만납시다.

Yes, see you tomorrow.

Question: (answers at the bottom)

누구의 송별회입니까?

DIALOGUE #2:

1: 여기에 앉으세요.

Please sit here.


2: 네, 생일 축하해요. 이거 받으세요. 
OK. Happy birthday. Please accept this.

1: 이거 뭐예요?

What is this?


2: 제 선물입니다. 향수입니다

It's a gift from me. It's perfume

Question: (answers at the bottom)

여자는 어떤 선물을 받았습니까?

DIALOGUE #3:

1: 유양 씨 생일 파티가 오늘입니까? 
Is Ms. Yooyang's birthday party today?


2: 아니요, 파티는 오늘이 아니에요. 내일이에요. 
No, the party is not today. It's tomorrow.

1: 아, 맞아요. 그런데 선물은 뭘 살까요?

Oh, yes. Then what should we buy as a birthday gift?


2: 유양 씨가 책을 좋아해요. 책을 삽시다

Ms. Yooyang likes books. Let's buy a book

Questions: (answers at the bottom)

유양 씨는 책을 싫어합니까?

유양 씨는 읽는 것을 좋아합니까?

(Does Ms.yooyang like reading?)

Dialogues Questions & Answers

#1 ~ 누구의 송별회입니까?

(Whose farwell party is it?)

Answer: 스티브의 송별회입니다

#2 ~ 여자는 어떤 선물을 받았습니까?

(What present did the woman recieve?)

Answer: 여자는 향수를 받았습니다

#3 ~ 유양 씨는 책을 싫어합니까?

(Does Ms.Yooyang hate books?)

Answer: 아니요, 책을 좋아합니다

유양 씨는 읽는 것을 좋아합니까?

(Does Ms.Yooyang like reading?)

Answer: 네, 유양 씨는 읽는 것을 좋아합니다

📓Vocabulary List✏️

내일 = tomorrow

송별회 = farewell party

있다 = to be, exist

몇 = how many; some, several

시 = hour; o'clock

오후 = afternoon; pm

일곱 = 7 (native korean numbers)

잊다 = to forget

~지 마(세요) = (please) don't do

-ㅂ시다 = let's do; suggesting something

여기 = here

앉다 = to sit

~(으)세요 = please (make polite commands)

의 = possesion particle ('s)

생일 = birthday

축하하다 = congratulate, celebrate

이거 = this

받다 to get; recieve

선물 = present, gift

향수 = perfume

어떤 = which, what

오늘 = today

맞다 = to be correct

그런데 = by the way; however; but

사다 = to buy

책 = book

읽다 = to read

~는 것 = turn verbs into nouns (adds -ing)

좋아하다 = to like

싫어하다 = to dislike, hate

[vocablistswithgrammar]

보다 = To see (뵙다 is a polite way to say 보다)

같이 = Together

공부하다 = to study

다니다 = to go like routine (usually used for school, church, library etc.)

대학 = University

어디= Where

복잡하다 = Complex , Complicate

* 어디 가는 길이세요? = “Where were you heading to?”

* 저는 _____에서 태어났어요 = “I was born in ______”

Ex) 저는 한국에서 태어났어요 / 저는 호주에서 태어났어요

*(similar expression) 저는 _____에서 자랐어요 = “I have grown up in _____”

Ex) 저는 영국에서 자랐어요 / 저는 터키에서 자랐어요

If there is any question about expressions on the comic of if you need more examples for expressions, please leave comment below!

[vocablistswithgrammar]

Level 6 / Lesson 9: -(이)라는...

안녕하세요! Hello again everyone! This lesson is going to be related to our quoting lessons, so I recommend you go check those out before getting into this one! This lesson is going to cover how to say stuff like “a book called Harry Potter” or “a website called Tumblr” using -(이)라는! Let’s start!

Quick Recap on Quoting 

Let’s look at this sentence:

저는 김지수라고 합니다. = My name is Jisoo Kim. 

This literally translates to “I am called ‘Jisoo Kim’”

We know that we can use -(이)라고 to quote a noun that someone said – in this case, we’re quoting someone’s name. Let’s see another example:

그 밴드가 TXT라고 불려요. = That band is called TXT 

불리다 = to be called / to be referred to as [smth]

It’s probably more natural to just say 그 밴드가 TXT라고 해요, but I just wanted to show how this structure can also be used for “being called” something, or for “calling” something by a certain name.

This brings us to talking about -(이)라는!

-(이)라는

What if you wanted to say “a band called TXT”? This is where -(이)라는 comes in! Let’s look at this formula:

[name] + (이)라는 + noun = [noun] called [name]

Attach -라는 to names ending in a vowel

Attach -이라는 to names ending in a consonant

For example:

TXT라는 밴드 = A band named TXT / A band called TXT

This is a shortened (and much more natural version) of TXT라고 한 밴드

This can be shortened even more to TXT란 밴드

Let’s see some more examples!

A Quiet Place라는 영화를 봤어요? = Have you seen the movie A Quiet Place?

저는 NCT 127의 “영웅”이란 노래를 제일 좋아해요. = I like the song called “Hero” (the English title is “Kick It”) by NCT 127 the most. / The song “Hero” by NCT 127 is my favorite.

Another Usage of -(이)란

-(이)란 can be used for things other than titles of songs and stuff. It can be used for more abstract concepts, or when you’re trying to be metaphorical or something like that. This often takes the form of [noun] + (이)란 것, meaning “the thing called [noun].” For example:

사랑이란 게 어려워요. = Love is hard. 

This literally means “The thing called love is hard.”

Notice how this sentence is kind of poetic. It’s describing an abstract concept like love. Adding -(이)란 것 might not be totally required (you could probably just say 사랑이 어려워요), but it’s good to know if you want to talk about the “definition or nature” of something, as study-korean describes it.

That’s about it for this lesson! If you want to practice writing and reading Korean with others, join my Discord chat here and my Tumblr chat here! Don’t forget to follow me on Instagram too!

Want to expand your Korean vocabulary and get closer to fluency? Get Drops Premium using my affiliate link! If you would like to donate and support this blog and my studies, check out my Ko-Fi! Thank you for your generosity! See you next time! 다음에 봐요!

[vocablistswithgrammar]

Make a wish

NCT U

Full lyrics + translation

Vocab list

우린 여길 -> We're here

떠나려 -> leave, depart

빨리 -> quickly, fast

올라타 -> get on, jump on

마음은 같은 곳에 -> in the same spirit

마음 = feeling, mood

같은 = same

곳 = place, spot

겨우 그런 고민인 다음번에나 해 -> push your worries away for next time

겨우 = with difficulty

그런 = like that (then)

고민인 = worry, anguish

다음 = next

시간이 부족하잖아 -> there's not enough time

부족하진하 = it's not enough

자유롭게 -> freely

수면 위로 꿈을 펼져 보이지 -> unfold your dream above the surface

수면 = water surface

위로 = comfort, consolation

꿈 = dream

보이다 = be viewed, appear, reveal

시작됐어 영화 같은 스토리 -> begin a movie like story

시작되다 -> begin

영화 -> movie

하루 종일 -> All day / all day long

오늘도 여긴 -> today we're here again

우리가 차지해 -> we'll take it on us [ 차지하다 = posses, take up]

넘어가 다음 단겨 -> move onto the next phase

넘어가 = move on to

다음 = next

단계 = phase/ step

우린 이미 다른 차원 다른 level -> we are already on a different level

이미 = already

다른 = different

차원 = level / dimension

서둘러 -> hurry, rush

시간 아까워 -> waste of time (time's getting wasted) [literal : time is precious]

필요 없어 -> don't need

네가 어디에 있던 I can find ya -> wherever you are I can find ya

내가 = you

어디에 = (어디) where, (에) location marker

있던 = (있다) to be , stay

손을 맞대 -> put your hands together / join your hands

손 = hand

맞대다 = touch together

벗어나야 해 -> we need to get out of here

벗다 = take off

눈 똑바로 뜨고서는 꿈을 -> keep your eyes open and dream

눈을 똑바로 뜨다 = open one's eyes straight/ pay close attention

똑바로 = straight/ truthfully

뜨다 = open/look at

꿈 = dream

꿔 -> (꾸다) to dream

각자 자리에서 우린 숨을 쉬어 -> each of us in our seats, we're going to breathe

각자 = each, separately, individually

자리에서 = seat myself, be seated

숨을 = breathe (숨 - breath)

숨을 쉬다 = take a breath

우리 통한다면 너도 이미 -> If we work you're already here

통한다면 = (통하다) to flow well, to respond to (이면) if

너도 = you

이미 = already

시지지 않아 -> not tired (지치다) to be tired/exhausted

심장은 쿵쿵 -> heart throbbing (심장) , heart (쿵쿵) thump/boom

한통다 부어버려 기름 -> Pour it all in, gasoline

한통 = a group

붓다 = pour

버리다 = dump

기름 = oil, gasoline

바로 지금 -> at this minute

너의 에너지 -> your energy

지금 이 기분을 느껴봐 -> I want you to feel this way

기분 = mood, atmosphere

느끼다 = feel

보다 = see, notice

널 어디로 -> I'm gonna take you anywhere

데려가 줄 수 있어 -> I can take you away with me

데려가다 = take someone away

소금씩 너에게로 가 -> little by little I'm coming to you

조금씩 = little by little

걱정말고 -> Don't worry

[vocablistswithgrammar]

상관없어요

- I don't care

- It doesn't matter

Dialogue :

Person 1: 내일 언제 가고 싶어요? = When do you want to go tomorrow?

Person 2: 상관없어요 = It doesn’t matter/I don’t care

Dialogue Two :

Person 1: 짐을 어디에 둬야 돼요? = Where should I put the/my luggage?

Person 2: 상관없어요 = It doesn’t matter/I don’t care

Grammar : 아/어도 상관없어

상관없다 can be used to predicate a sentence to say things like:

When predicating a sentence with 상관없다, it is common to attach “~아/어도”

For example:

네가 배고파도 상관없어 = It doesn’t matter if you are hungry

우리는 거기에 가도 상관없어 = It doesn’t matter if we go there
그게 비싸도 상관없어 = It doesn’t matter if it is expensive

Grammar Two: ~든지 상관 없어

There might be situations where you might want to include a question word to make the sentence a little bit more complex.

Question Words Are : 언제, 어디, 누구, 어떻게, etc.

For example, to say:

It doesn’t matter when we go

It doesn’t matter where we go

It doesn’t matter who I go with

Attach ~든지 to the end of the verb

우리가 언제 가든지 상관없어요 = It doesn’t matter when we go

우리가 어디 가든지 상관없어요 = It doesn’t matter where we go

제가 누구랑 가든지 상관없어요 = It doesn’t matter who I go with

Other examples:

운전면허를 언제 받든지 상관없어요

= It doesn’t matter when you get your driver’s license

학생들이 어떻게 반응하든지 상관없어요

= It doesn’t matter how the students react

가출하면 광야를 빼고 제가 어디 가든지 상관없어요

= When I run away from home, other than the wilderness, it doesn’t matter where I go

GRAMMAR 3:

상관없이

Regardless Of

You can use 상관없이 as an adverb to create the meaning of “regardless of…”

In order to do this, you should attach ~와/과/하고/랑/이랑 to the noun 상관없이 is placed before.

For example:

추위와 상관없이 = regardless of the cold

날씨와 상관없이 = regardless of the weather

통증과 상관없이 = regardless of the pain

저의 건강과 상관없이 = regardless of my health

운과 상관없이 = regardless of luck

국적과 상관없이 = regardless of nationality

Example Sentences:

추위와 상관없이 저는 밖에 나갈 거예요

= Regardless of the cold, I am going outside

날씨와 상관없이 우리는 지금 가야 돼요

= Regardless of the weather, we need to go now

통증과 상관없이 곧 일어나야 될 거예요

= Regardless of the pain, you will have to get up soon

저의 건강과 상관없이 저의 여자 친구를 만나고 싶어요

= Regardless of my health, I want to meet my girlfriend

운과 상관없이 모든 것이 열심히 하면 잘 될 거에요

= Regardless of luck, everything will be fine if you try (do it) hard

국적과 상관없이 부상자들은 모두 동등하게 치료를 받아야 돼요

= Regardless of nationality, all injured people need to receive fair treatment

학생들의 불량한 태도와 상관없이 제가 선생님이라 수업을 계속 해야 돼요

= Regardless of the students’ bad attitude, I am a teacher, so I need to keep doing class

[vocablistswithgrammar]

1

혜민의 고요할수록 밝아지는 것들.                                                      The things that become brighter in the silence by Hyemin

이규경 시인의 <용기> <Courage> by Lee Gyukyung

넌 충분히 할 수 있어 사람들이 말했습니다 People said you can do it

용기를 내야 해 사람들이 말했습니다 people said you have to have courage

그래서 나는 용기를 내었습니다   So I gathered my courage

용기를 내서 이렇게 말했습니다 나는 못해요 I gathered my courage and I said I can’t do it

피나는 노력을 해서 기필코 해내는 것만이 용기가 아니라고, 자기는 못 한다고, 할 수 없다고, 이 길을 내 길이 아닌 것 같다고 말할 수 있는 것도 용기라고 말이다. Courage is not only working hard to achieve something, Saying “I can’t do it”, being able to say “I don’t think this is my path” is also courage.

행복의 요소 가운데 중요한 부분이 바로 ‘삶의 주도성이 내게 있는가?’ 하는 점이다. 지금 하는 일을 남이 시켜서 하는 것이 아니라 내가 원해서 할 때 사람을 행복하다고 느낀다. 내가 삶을 주도할 수 없을 때는 그게 아무리 남들이 재미있는 것이라 해도 힘겨운 일처럼 느껴진다. The most important point of the Elements of Happiness is “Do I have life proactivity?”. The work I do now, I don’t do it because others told you to, but because I want to, that is when I feel happiness. When I can’t lead my life, even if others say it is is fun I’ll feel like it’s a difficult job.

나처럼 자신의 미래를 내 스스로가 아닌 옆 사람들을 보면서 결정했기 때문이다. Like me, because I decided my future not by myself but based on the people around me.

<어쩌다 한국인>을 집필한 심리학자 허태균 교수는 우리나라 사람들이 행복해지기 위해서는 ‘포기 하는 법’을 배워야 한다고 말한다. 무언가를 포기한다는 것은 아무것도 안 한다는 의미가 아니라 자기에게 더 맞는 다른 일을 하기로 스스로 선택하다는 뜻이기 때문이다. 물론 안정된 삶을 보장해주는 일을 포기하려면 무척이나 두렵고 용기가 필요하다.                     the psychologist 허태균, author of <어쩌다 한국인> (Korean by chance?) says that for our people to become happy they need to learn “How to give up”. It doesn’t mean to give up something and doing nothing, it means that you choose by yourself something else that is more suitable for you. Of course, leaving a job that guarantees a stable life is very difficult and requires courage.

“‘나는 못 해요’라고 해도 됩니다. 나에게 맞는 길을 남에게 묻는 것이 아니고 스스로에게 물어보면서 천천히 잘 찾다 보면 고시에 붙은 것보다 결국엔 또 행복해줄 수 있습니다. 길게 보면 낙방한 것이 훨씬 더 잘된 일이 될 수 있으니 처음엔 좀 답답하고 막막하더라도 용기 내어 나의 길을 찾아 보세요. 당신을 응원합니다.” “it is okay to say ’I can’t do it’., asking myself  and not asking others about the path that is right for me, and slowly looking for it carefully rather than passing the exam, in the end you’ll be able to become happy. If you look at it in the long term, failing the test might become something much better. It might be frustrating and vague in the beginning, but have courage and find your path. I support you.”

[vocablistswithgrammar]

여기 -> here

도시 -> city

아침 -> morning

조명 -> lighting

마다 -> every

이렇게 -> of this kind, like this

바다 -> sea

볼 수 있어 -> can see

좋��� -> nice

여기는 속초라는 도시의 아침 조명이다.

아침마다 이렇게 바다를 볼 수 있으니 좋다.

[vocablistswithgrammar]

Korean Vocabulary: The Body

Welcome to another vocab list! I tried not to make it too long, so I might make a second post for more details and specifics of the body. Hope you find this one helpful!

-

General Terms

몸 - body

피부 - skin

뻐 - bone

살 - flesh / fat

근육 - muscle

피 - blood

땀 - sweat

Head and Face

머리 - head / hair

얼굴 - face

이마 - forehead

볼 - cheek

턱 - chin

목 - neck / throat

눈 - eye

코 - nose

귀 - ear

입 - mouth

입술 - lips

Arms and Hands

어깨 - shoulder

겨드랑이 - armpit

팔 - arm

팔꿈치 - elbow

팔목 - wrist

손 - hand

손바닥 - palm

손가락 - finger

Torso

가슴 - chest

배 - stomach

등 - back

허리 - waist

Legs and Feet

엉덩이 - butt

다리 - leg

허벅지 - thigh

무릎 - knee

발 - foot

발목 - ankle

Other Features

주근깨 - freckles

보조개 - dimples

모반 - birthmark

수염 - facial hair / mustache / beard

여드름 - pimple / acne

Action Verbs

(English infinitive - Korean infinitive - Korean present tense)

to walk - 걷다 - 걸어요

to run - 달리다 - 달려요

to jump - 뛰다 - 뛰어요

to exercise / work out - 운동하다 - 운동해요

Descriptive Verbs

(English infinitive - Korean infinitive - Korean present tense)

to be thin / skinny - 말랐다 - 말랐어요

to be fat - 뚱뚱하다 - 뚱뚱해요

to be small - 작다 - 작아요

to be short - 짧다 - 짧아요

to be big / tall - 크다 - 커요

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[vocablistswithgrammar]

Advanced Grammar: V느라고 V는데 (or V느라고 하는데)

"I do do V, but..." "Despite the fact that I..."

공부하느라고 하는데 성적이 안 느네요. I do study, but my grades aren't getting better.

자느라고 자는데 하루 종일 피곤해요. I do sleep, but I'm tired all day.

깨끗하게 하느라고 했는데 아직 좀 지저분하네. I did try hard to clean up, but it's still messy.

Note: some Koreans will tell you that the correct form of this is V노라고 V는데 because ~노라고 implies that the speaker has made an effort to do something. My teacher uses ~느라고 ~는데 and says it is correct though.

[vocablistswithgrammar]

(lvl 4) Lesson 17-20

안녕하세요! Welcome to today’s lessons. We’ll go through four lessons today. Lesson 17 is about word contractions, lesson 18 is about the superlative, lesson 19 is about less/not completely and lesson 20 is about key sentences! 

Lesson 17

As we know, Korean uses topic markers (은/는) and subject markers (이/가). However, the 빨리빨리 culture can also be found in writing, as they prefer to shorten their sentences and save 0.1 seconds! ㅋㅋㅋ Please note, contracting sentences makes them informal. 

Topic marker contraction:

저는 becomes 전 (formal)

나는 becomes 난 (informal)

이것은 (formal) becomes 이거는 (informal) becomes 이건 (informal)

세울에는 becomes 세울엔

에제는 becomes 에젠 

etc. etc.

Subject marker contraction:

이것이 (formal) becomes 이게 (informal)

저것이 (formal) becomes 저게 (informal)

Lesson 18

In this lesson we’re making the superlative using 제일 and 가장. The difference between these two is that 제일 is Sino-Korean and 가장 is Native-Korean. You can switch between these two without a problem, it doesn’t matter which one you use. 제일 is used more commonly in spoken Korean than 가장.

Examples:

예쁘다 = to be pretty

제일 예뻐요. = (subject) is the prettiest/the most beautiful.

제일 예쁜 여자 = the prettiest girl/the most beautiful girl 

Lesson 19

If you know that 더 means more, then you’ll easily remember the word for less! 덜! 덜 is placed before the verb.

Examples:

덜 쓰다 = to use (something) less

덜 춥다 = to be less cold

덜 비싸다 = to be less expensive

덜 can also mean “not completely yet”. 덜 basically means “less”, but it can also mean “not fully” or “not completely yet”. The opposite of this is 다, which means “all” or “completely”.

Examples:

그 맥주 다 마셨어요?= Did you drink all of that beer?

아니요. 다 안 마셨어요. 덜 마셨어요. = No, I did not drink all of it. I have not finished it yet.

Lesson 20

Here are some key sentences you should learn! Easy peasy lesson!

Key sentence (1) 오늘부터 한국어를 더 열심히 공부할 거예요. = Starting from today, I am going to study Korean harder.

Key sentence (2) 아마 내일부터 일요일까지 비가 내릴 거예요. = It will probably rain from tomorrow until Sunday.

Key sentence (3) 내일 시간이 있으면, 같이 커피 마실래요? = If you have time tomorrow, will you drink coffee together (with me)?

To practice these key sentences, switch out parts of the sentences with your own vocab! You got this!!

[vocablistswithgrammar]

안녕하세요. idk if you answer questions like this so please dont feel pressured to answer this!! but i was wondering if whether (for the nuances of ~이/가) you could answer something like "그책이 좋아요." to a question like “이책 좋아요?" to mean “i like that book better than this one”? 정말 감사해요<3

안녕! Good question! So if someone asks you “이 책 좋아요?” but you don’t like this book, but rather that book, you could say “아니요, 그 책이 좋아요.” 

But you could also say “이 책이 싫어요. 그 책은 좋아요,” meaning “I hate this book. I like that book” to show this contrast -- you dislike one, but you do like the other. In which case, you would use -ㄴ/은/는 instead. 

Let me try to explain this difference a little more. As for the convo with “아니요, 그 책이 좋아요,” you are saying this book is not the one I like, that book is the one I like. Here, you are clarifying what it is that you like -- rather than liking this book, you like that one. In which case, you would use -이/가

As for “이 책이 싫어요. 그 책은 좋아요,” you are comparing your opinion on one book versus your opinion on the other -- you hate this book, but you enjoy the other one. Notice how in the first convo, you’re using the same verb/adjective to clarify which book is the one you like: 좋다 -- this one is not the one you like, but that one is. In the second convo, however, you’re using two different verbs, 싫다 and 좋다, to compare your opinions on the two books -- you like one, but hate the other. 

Ok so that was a pretty lengthy explanation and I hope I answered your question without confusing you! If you want some more clarification, I think that this Talk to Me in Korean video shows the differences between these particles pretty well, so be sure to check it out!! I also have some lessons that might help as well! 화이팅!

Sentence Structure and Particles

Charts: Particles