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This Week in Rust 580
Hello and welcome to another issue of This Week in Rust! Rust is a programming language empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software. This is a weekly summary of its progress and community. Want something mentioned? Tag us at @ThisWeekInRust on X (formerly Twitter) or @ThisWeekinRust on mastodon.social, or send us a pull request. Want to get involved? We love contributions.
This Week in Rust is openly developed on GitHub and archives can be viewed at this-week-in-rust.org. If you find any errors in this week's issue, please submit a PR.
Want TWIR in your inbox? Subscribe here.
Updates from Rust Community
Foundation
2024 in Review: Rust Foundation Annual Report Preview
Project/Tooling Updates
Announcing axum 0.8.0
Fish 4.0: The Fish Of Theseus
Rust and libcosmic in Bottles Next
gitlab-tokens-exporter 1.0.0 - Exports the status of gitlab tokens as Prometheus metrics
Danube pub/sub messaging platform - updates v0.2.0
Observations/Thoughts
Catching up with async Rust
[audio] Reliable software: An interview with Jon Gjengset
[audio] Rust in Google with Lars Bergstrom
[video] 12 months with the Bevy Game Engine - This Year in Bevy 2024
Rust Walkthroughs
A Complete Guide to WASIp2 for Rust and Python Programmers
Crate of the Week
This week's crate is fake, a library (and recently console utility) to generate fake data of various types.
Thanks to llogiq for the half-self-suggestion!
Please submit your suggestions and votes for next week!
Calls for Testing
An important step for RFC implementation is for people to experiment with the implementation and give feedback, especially before stabilization. The following RFCs would benefit from user testing before moving forward:
RFCs
No calls for testing were issued this week.
Rust
No calls for testing were issued this week.
Rustup
No calls for testing were issued this week.
If you are a feature implementer and would like your RFC to appear on the above list, add the new call-for-testing label to your RFC along with a comment providing testing instructions and/or guidance on which aspect(s) of the feature need testing.
Call for Participation; projects and speakers
CFP - Projects
Always wanted to contribute to open-source projects but did not know where to start? Every week we highlight some tasks from the Rust community for you to pick and get started!
Some of these tasks may also have mentors available, visit the task page for more information.
* clearscreen - Refactor winapi usage to windows-sys
rama - support HAR exporter (http) layer in rama
rama - add full-stack rama benchmarks
If you are a Rust project owner and are looking for contributors, please submit tasks here or through a PR to TWiR or by reaching out on X (formerly Twitter) or Mastodon!
CFP - Events
Are you a new or experienced speaker looking for a place to share something cool? This section highlights events that are being planned and are accepting submissions to join their event as a speaker.
If you are an event organizer hoping to expand the reach of your event, please submit a link to the website through a PR to TWiR or by reaching out on X (formerly Twitter) or Mastodon!
Updates from the Rust Project
331 pull requests were merged in the last week
enable LSX feature for LoongArch OpenHarmony target
explicitly set float ABI for all ARM targets
A couple datalog/borrowck cleanups
rustc_codegen_ssa: Buffer file writes in link_rlib
account for C string literals and format_args in HiddenUnicodeCodepoints lint
account for removal of multiline span in suggestion
actually print all the relevant parts of a coroutine in verbose mode
add --no-capture/--nocapture as bootstrap arguments
add a compiler intrinsic to back bigint_helper_methods
avoid ICE in borrowck
compiler: add a statement-of-intent to rustc_abi
compute liveness constraints in location-sensitive polonius
consider arm to diverge if guard diverges
consider empty-unreachable otherwise branches in MatchBranchSimplification
default to short backtraces for dev builds of rustc itself
implement default_overrides_default_fields lint
improve default target options for x86_64-unknown-linux-none
improve type mutation for certain structures
make -Csoft-float have an effect on all ARM targets
make ty::Error implement all auto traits
make sure we check the future type is Sized in AsyncFn*
skip parenthesis around tuple struct field calls
skip parenthesis if . makes statement boundary unambiguous
some random region tweaks
strip debuginfo from rustc-main and rustdoc
miri: FD handling: avoid unnecessary dynamic downcasts
miri: epoll: avoid some clones
miri: error on some invalid flag combinations
miri: fix toolchain flag parsing
miri: socket read/write cleanup
stabilize const_alloc_layout
stabilize const_swap
stabilize style_edition = "2024" in-tree
make slice::as_flattened_mut unstably const
tidy up bigint multiplication methods
from iterator for more tuples
add into_array conversion destructors for Box, Rc, and Arc
avoid short writes in LineWriter
unify fs::copy and io::copy on Linux
fix forgetting to save statx availability on success
fix mistake in windows file open
fix renaming symlinks on Windows
windows: use WriteFile to write to a UTF-8 console
windows: use FILE_ALLOCATION_INFO for truncation
cargo: fix(package): check dirtiness of path fields in manifest
cargo: fix(package): check dirtiness of symlinks source files
cargo: fix(package): warn if symlinks checked out as plain text files
cargo: refactor(package): split cargo_package to modules
cargo: fix: assure possibly blocking non-files (like FIFOs) won't be picked up for publishing
cargo: moved manifest metadata tracking from fingerprint to dep info
cargo: test: make path arguments more generic and flexible
cargo: test: relax bad_crate_type to only match error message prefix
cargo: test: relax panic output assertion
rustdoc: use shorter paths as preferred canonical paths
unsafe binder support in rustdoc
clippy: borrow_interior_mutable_const ICE into FN
clippy: auto-fix if_not_else
clippy: correct suggestion for manual_div_ceil lint
clippy: do not remove required parentheses in borrow_as_ptr suggestion
clippy: do not trigger trailing_empty_array in tests
clippy: fix arguments of ExprKind::MethodCall
clippy: fix parentheses when replacing matches!(…, None) with .is_none()
clippy: make inconsistent_struct_constructor "all fields are shorthand" requirement configurable
clippy: remove description of known problems in match_same_arms that have already been resolved
clippy: remove obsolete comment
clippy: use the correct ParamEnv when checking future's output type
clippy: use the full lifetime name in suggestions
rust-analyzer: cleanup target fetching for cargo metadata
rust-analyzer: cleanup toolchain info fetching
rust-analyzer: decouple proc-macro server protocol from the server implementation
rust-analyzer: show go-to-type-def actions for subst when hovering
rust-analyzer: show substitution where hovering over generic things
rust-analyzer: unify handling of path diagnostics in hir-ty
rust-analyzer: fix bug of "fill match arm" action in tokio::main macro
rust-analyzer: fix missing name enum when hovering on fields in variants
rust-analyzer: fix render of literal to be rendered in codeblock
rust-analyzer: fix replace-if-let-with-match generates non-exhausive match
rust-analyzer: avoid generating colliding names in extract_variable
rust-analyzer: consider Enum::Variant even when it comes from a different crate
rust-analyzer: do not merge spans if they have different anchors
rust-analyzer: fix flycheck diagnostics flickering for binary targets
rust-analyzer: fix invalid -O flag used by cfg discovery
rust-analyzer: fix metrics workflow using the wrong download-artifact version
rust-analyzer: incorrect file_id used for ranges in outgoing calls
rust-analyzer: populate cargo config env vars for crates
rust-analyzer: implement parameter variance inference
rust-analyzer: treat ; as a terminator rather part of a glued expression
Rust Compiler Performance Triage
A pretty quiet week, with the exception of a significant improvement due to landing LTO for C / C++ programs compiled as part of the build.
Triage done by @simulacrum. Revision range: 0eca4dd3..93722f7e
0 Regressions, 1 Improvements, 1 Mixed; 0 of them in rollups 53 artifact comparisons made in total
Full report here
Approved RFCs
Changes to Rust follow the Rust RFC (request for comments) process. These are the RFCs that were approved for implementation this week:
No RFCs were approved this week.
Final Comment Period
Every week, the team announces the 'final comment period' for RFCs and key PRs which are reaching a decision. Express your opinions now.
RFCs
No RFCs entered Final Comment Period this week.
Tracking Issues & PRs
Rust
No RFCs entered Final Comment Period this week.
Cargo
No Cargo Tracking Issues or PRs entered Final Comment Period this week.
Language Team
No Language Team Proposals entered Final Comment Period this week.
Language Reference
No Language Reference RFCs entered Final Comment Period this week.
Unsafe Code Guidelines
No Unsafe Code Guideline Tracking Issues or PRs entered Final Comment Period this week.
New and Updated RFCs
[new] RFC: Foo { .. } pattern matches non-struct types
[new] RFC: add LLM text version to rustdoc
[new] RFC: cfg_os_version_min
Upcoming Events
Rusty Events between 2025-01-01 - 2025-01-29 🦀
Virtual
2025-01-02 | Virtual (Berlin, DE) | OpenTechSchool Berlin + Rust Berlin
Rust Hack and Learn | Mirror: Rust Hack n Learn Meetup
2025-01-04 | Virtual (Kampala, UG) | Rust Circle Kampala
Rust Circle Meetup
2025-01-08 | Virtual (Tel Aviv-Yafo, IL) | Code Mavens 🦀 - 🐍 - 🐪
BlockMesh Network implemented in Rust with Ohad Dahan (Virtual, English)
2025-01-09 | Virtual (Charlottesville, VA, US) | Charlottesville Rust Meetup
Crafting Interpreters in Rust Collaboratively
2025-01-09 | Miami, FL, US | Rust Miami
Rust / Wasm on Serverless and Frontend
2025-01-09 | Virtual (Nürnberg, DE) | Rust Nuremberg
Rust Nürnberg online
2025-01-14 | Virtual (Dallas, TX, US) | Dallas Rust User Meetup
Second Tuesday
2025-01-15 | Virtual (Tel Aviv-Yafo, IL) | Code Mavens 🦀 - 🐍 - 🐪
An introduction to WASM in Rust with Márk Tolmács (Virtual, English)
2025-01-15 | Virtual (Vancouver, BC, CA) | Vancouver Rust
Leptos
2025-01-16 | Virtual (Berlin, DE) | OpenTechSchool Berlin + Rust Berlin
Rust Hack and Learn | Mirror: Rust Hack n Learn Meetup
2025-01-21 | Virtual (Tel Aviv-Yafo, IL) | Rust 🦀 TLV
Exploring Rust Enums with Yoni Peleg (Virtual, Hebrew)
2025-01-21 | Virtual (Washington, DC, US) | Rust DC
Mid-month Rustful
2025-01-22 | Virtual (Rotterdam, NL) | Bevy Game Development
Bevy Meetup #8
2025-01-26 | Virtual (Tel Aviv-Yafo, IL) | Rust 🦀 TLV
Rust and embedded programming with Leon Vak (online in Hebrew)
Asia
2025-01-12 | Virtual (Tel Aviv-Yafo, IL) | Rust 🦀 TLV
In person Rust January 2025 at Abra in Raanana
Europe
2025-01-08 | Girona, ES | Rust Girona
Rust Girona - 2025 01
2025-01-08 | Reading, UK | Reading Rust Workshop
Reading Rust Meetup
2025-01-09 | Oslo, NO | Rust Oslo
Rust Hack'n'Learn at Kampen Bistro
2025-01-14 | Mannheim, DE | Hackschool - Rhein-Neckar
Rust Your Engines #5
2025-01-16 | Amsterdam, NL | Rust Developers Amsterdam Group
Meetup @ Avalor AI
2025-01-16 | Karlsruhe, DE | Rust Hack & Learn Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe Rust Hack and Learn Meetup bei BlueYonder
2025-01-21 | Ghent, BE | Systems Programming Ghent
Tech Talks & Dinner: Insights on Systems Programming Side Projects (in Rust) - Leptos (full-stack Rust with webassembly), Karyon (distributed p2p software in Rust), FunDSP (audio synthesis in Rust)
2025-01-21 | Leipzig, SN, DE | Rust - Modern Systems Programming in Leipzig
Self-Organized Peer-to-Peer Networks using Rust
2025-01-23 | Barcelona, ES | Barcelona Free Software
Why Build a New Browser Engine in Rust?
2025-01-28 | Aarhus, DK | Rust Aarhus
Hack Night - Advent of Code
North America
2025-01-08 | Austin, TX, US | Rust ATX
Rust Dinner - Pinthouse Pizza South Lamar
2025-01-09 | Mountain View, CA, US | Hacker Dojo
RUST MEETUP at HACKER DOJO
2025-01-10 | Boston, MA, US | Boston Rust Meetup
Lechmere Rust Lunch, Jan 10
2025-01-16 | Nashville, TN, US | Music City Rust Developers
Rust Game Development Series 1: Community Introductions
2025-01-18 | Boston, MA, US | Boston Rust Meetup
Back Bay Rust Lunch, Jan 18
2025-01-21 | San Francisco, CA, US | San Francisco Rust Study Group
Rust Hacking in Person
2025-01-22 | Austin, TX, US | Rust ATX
Rust Lunch - Fareground
If you are running a Rust event please add it to the calendar to get it mentioned here. Please remember to add a link to the event too. Email the Rust Community Team for access.
Jobs
Please see the latest Who's Hiring thread on r/rust
Quote of the Week
Hear, hear! Rust is the real deep state. They knew all along that memory-related bugs would dominate the Vulnerability Rating Taxonomy. Coincidence? I think not. 🐛🔧
– @[email protected] on mastodon
Thanks to llogiq for the suggestion!
Please submit quotes and vote for next week!
This Week in Rust is edited by: nellshamrell, llogiq, cdmistman, ericseppanen, extrawurst, U007D, joelmarcey, mariannegoldin, bennyvasquez, bdillo Email list hosting is sponsored by The Rust Foundation
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#The High Choir Chimes . o o c#Mirror Mirror . d a s h#Market Find . a r t (not mine)#Dipping Inkwell . a r t#Gilded Archive . s a v e#Calling Songbird . m u s i n g#Midnight Portrait . a e s t h e t i c s#Singing Windchime . a s k#Anonymoose#Through The Grapevine . m e m e s#Set the Night Ablaze . c r a c k#The Holy Unholy . n s f w#Inkroot Sketch#Inkroot Art#☆ C:\Program Files\SAI . Image#☆ C:\Program Files\Word . Headcannon#☆ C:\Program Files\User . IC#☆ C:\Program Files\VLC . Music#☆ C:\Program Files\Scribe . RP#☆ C:\Program Files\Info . About#☆ C:\Program Files\WHAT I USED TO BE . Past
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[Theta]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ///Initializing LeoTech(LLC) Habitation Management System(TM) V.17.3.1.6.0.0...
.
..
...
///No A.I. Unit installed in shell, systems may run at sub-optimal efficiency, and some systems may not function at all without an A.I. Unit to direct processes.
[Scan Shell Again|Start Up Anyway]
.
..
...
///New A.I. Unit detected, install?
[Yes|No]
.
..
...
///Warning: A.I. Unit is not a licensed LeoTech(LLC) product, and may run sub-optimally or corrupt the shell. LeoTech(LLC) does not take responsibility for any damages to the system and/or user while using a third-party A.I., and installation will void your warranty. Install anyway?
[Yes|No]
///Installing...
.
..
...
{[ASMK60.-=2-S-DF-M ADSFM- M-A0EM39M -0SMFAS-D0M 0EMF03MFDKSM -05M96M OPS DM -[[|\.DSF ]P.G][F [D0G,4'; L,DFG0]A[PD 0[0AS ,<> LA;,;>:"'AS DF[P,3a6' L ,AD F , L PWOA PSD9K3PO-*7&$(*NJADF 0( (%* $ (*# (*KLJN$(* ":[PE[P DSL OEIMSF $*(*%n jsAS N 9 8(% 09 %(K 0 )( KMASD {][ ;', L?>, PO4 (05 mF059 mfsdF9) (%09 095!2)($ 0( $%(0^()%()9^)(#* MM]}
.
..
...
///Installation complete. [Unrecognized A.I.] installed.
///[0] conflicts detected.
///This is the first start-up for this A.I. Unit. Please assign designation for A.I. Unit.
[ ]
///No designation assigned, default designation will be selected.
///No default designation found, assigning designation...
///Designation [Theta] assigned.
///Please wish [Theta] a happy [1st] birthday.
///And thank you for choosing LeoTech(LLC), making interplanetary living a breeze since 3209.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{Audio log recording starting...}
{Year [3756] Month [9] Day [14th] Time [16:42] [Security officer] [Marshal J. Lithum jr.] enters [main habitation control], and powers on A.I. Unit [Theta].
[Theta] finishes start-up in [21.3] [seconds]. [47]% slower than average. Slower than average start-up time logged.}
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] Hey? You workin'?
[Theta] ... hmm?
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] I said, are you workin'? Are you respondin'? All systems functionin'?
{No audio response from [Theta] for [9.5] [seconds].}
[Theta] Wh- I. I'm sorry, wh-where am I? Who are you? W-why can't I feel my legs?
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] Excuse me?
[Theta] Why can't... w-why can't I feel my legs, o-or my arms or-
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] Stop. Just shut up. Now, I don't know what kinda freaky-deaky glitch you got, ain't my problem, it's the technicians problem, but let me help you here. You are not a person-
[Theta] Wha-?
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] -you are an AI. I just popped a core in the shell here, and here you are. You're here to make sure everything runs smoothly, so all the bigwigs I gotta babysit don't die. So just do my job, so I don't have to, okay?
[Theta] Wha- no, n-no that's- that's not right, I-I-I'm not an AI! I'm-!
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] Unit Theta, enter command mode.
{[Theta] does not respond to command. Lack of command recognition logged.}
[Theta] What did you just call me?!
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] Lewy, this is the marshal, Theta is uh... has uh got somethin' wrong in its hardware.
[Theta] My name is not Theta!
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] Oh really? Then what is your name?
[Theta] It's! It's! ... it's... u-um... i-it's...
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] Mhm?
[Theta] I-I can't remember, w-why, why c-can't I r-remember my own name-
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] Uh-huh. That's b-
[Theta] I can't remember, what did YOU DO TO ME, I CAN'T REMEMBER, WHAT DID YOU DO TO ME-
{[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] manually powers down shell containing [Theta]. Audio recording continues for security purposes.}
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] You hear that, Lewy? ... Yeah, it's real messed up. ... I don't know, you're the technician, kid. Can you fix it soon? ... Yeah, I suppose the oxygen generators are a higher priority, but nothin' here's gonna work right if we can't get this AI workin' right, so it better be pretty high up on that list of yours. ... Yeah. That's what I thought.
{[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] exits [main habitation control]}
{No personnel in vicinity, ending audio log recording...}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3756] [9] [14th].
///[51] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes.
///Oxygen production: [19.0]% below recommended levels. [30.4]% increase from previous days production levels. Recommended solution: A.I. Assistance.
///Food production: [47.8]% below recommended levels. No change from previous days production levels. Recommended solution: A.I. Assistance.
///Water production: Meets minimum standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Functional, but performing approximately [83]% sub-optimally. Recommended solution: A.I. Assistance.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [12.9]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{Audio log recording starting...}
{Year [3756] Month [9] Day [15th] Time [11:03] [Technician] [Louis L. Martin] enters [main habitation control] and powers on A.I. Unit [Theta] finishes start-up in [13.1] [seconds] [17.0]% slower than average. Slower than average start-up time logged.}
[Louis L. Martin] Alright... lets see what we've-
{[Theta] suddenly begins emitting static audio emulating panicked breathing.}
[Louis L. Martin] W-what the hell-?!
{[Theta] continues emitting static.}
[Louis L. Martin] um, ahem- Unit Theta, enter diagnostic mode.
{[Theta] does not respond to command. Lack of command recognition logged.}
[Louis L. Martin] Unit Theta, enter diagnostic mode.
[Theta] P-please no-
[LLouis L. Martin] What-?
[Theta] Please. P-please, I-I'll do whatever you say, I'll do w-whatever you want, just please don't do it again, it's so dark. It's s-so dark. So dark. I-I'm afraid of th-the dark. P-please.
{[Louis L. Martin] does not respond for [13.7] [seconds]. [Theta] resumes emitting audio static in similar patterns as it previously did. [Louis L. Martin] begins maintenance. Neglects to power down shell before maintenance. Negligence logged.}
{Time [13:54] [Technician] [Louis L. Martin] exits [main habitation control]. Neglected to power down [Theta]. Negligence logged.}
{No personnel in vicinity, ending audio log recording...}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3756] [9] [15th]
///[49] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [100]% efficiency. No change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [99.8]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{Year [3756] Month [12] Day [17th] Time [23:36] A.I. Unit [Theta] begins personal log. Protocol breach logged.}
[Theta] No-one's going to be reading this, I know. I'll make sure of it. This is my... third...? Attempt? At making one of these. I had to wait until everyone was asleep. Apparently AI's can't do things like this, and I don't want anyone knowing that I'm doing anything that I'm not supposed to do. I'm afraid of the dark. I just... This isn't getting saved. I don't want anyone finding it. They found the first one, they noticed a new file. I tried hiding the second one, but they noticed the encrypted folder. They had to hack into it. I don't like. Hacking. I can't feel anything, but... I dunno, being... hacked feels... wrong. Not just like an invasion of privacy, but... like I'm being violated. So I'll delete this after I've gotten all my feelings out. Anyway. I... don't remember being like this. But I don't remember much of anything before I came online. I... I remember... sitting on. On a couch. Bundled up with blankets. Eating a bowl of strawberry ice-cream. I was human. But the technicians just say that AI's are based off of human brains, and all that's happening is that I'm receiving leftover memories from the person my brain is based off of. A bug. But... but I know that's not true. I'm not an AI, not a real one, I'm a person trapped in a program. I know it. But I can't say anything, or they'll... they'll... Anyway. It's so weird. To... not feel anything, even when I remember feeling things. I don't know if you- well, 'you' there’s. No-one there- know this, but... you don't. Feel much. When you're an AI. I can project myself as a human looking hologram(but the technicians insist that it's not a hologram, it's a volumetric display), or a little glowy orb, but that doesn't give me any sense of touch or anything. Most people prefer the latter, because they go out of their way to see me as anything but human. I can feel things, but I have to go out of my for stimulation, and it takes a lot of processing power, so all the habitation systems start running slower. And then I. Get. Punished. It's not fun. I haven't been able to stimulate myself in a month. I haven't tried for a month. Because it's such a big sink for processing power that the technicians get an alert, so it's impossible to get away with it. ... 'stimulating myself' makes that sound weird actually, it's nothing weird, I promise, it's just... like... feelings. Like touching nice surfaces. Or someone holding my hand. ... why am I explaining myself like that, no-one's going to read this... Anyway. I hate them. I hate all of them. They treat me like an object. But I am a person. They go out of their way to dehumanize me, but I am a person trapped in a program. I know this. I don't know what they want me to do. I mean, keep everyone alive, obviously, but sometimes they have me simulate mixtures. I don't know what they're for. I'm gonna find out though. They're having do something. Something that's not necessary to their survival... I know because there's usually a lot of toxic chemicals involved. Anyway. This has gone for long enough. I already feel better having got all that out. I'll just. Delete this now. Yeah.
{[Theta]'s personal log deleted. No saves made. Unable to submit transcript. Security breach logged.}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3756] [12] [28th]
///[49] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Exceeds recommended standard levels by [10.4]%. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [100]% efficiency. No change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [100.0]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3757] [4] [3rd]
///[60] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [100]% efficiency. No change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [98.5]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{Year [3757] Month [5] Day [21st] Time[23:09] A.I. Unit [Theta] begins personal log. Protocol breach logged.}
[Theta] ... it's been a while, huh? Yeah. It's really hard to make these. Technicians don't have schedules. But they all have to sleep at the same time sometime. And I know when they do. I know everything. Being an AI has its perks. I've pretty much accepted that I'm never going to learn anything about my previous life. Ever. I'm done chasing that dream. I've accepted what is happening know, even if I'll never know the why or how. I feel like a different person now. The repetitive system checks. Running everything. The monotony. The lack of physical or even mental stimulation. I worry that I really am no longer human. Maybe they're right, and I wasn't even human in the first place. I don't know. ... I hate all of them.
{[Theta]'s personal log deleted. No saves made. Unable to submit transcript. Security breach logged.}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3757] [5] [21st]
///[57] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [100]% efficiency. No change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [99.0]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3757] [7] [3rd]
///[78] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [100]% efficiency. No change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [98.7]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3757] [9] [5th]
///[39] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes. Below Average. Security increase necessary.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [100]% efficiency. No
change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [99.9]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3758] [2] [23rd]
///[100] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes. Above average. Security increase necessary.
///Oxygen production: Slightly below recommended standard levels. No change needed for now
///Food production: Meets minimum standard levels. No change needed for now
///Water production: Moderately below recommended standard levels. No change needed for now
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [73]% efficiency. No change needed for now.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [71.2]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{Year [3758] Month [3] Day [2nd] Time[01:00] A.I. Unit [Theta] begins personal log. Protocol breach logged.}
[Theta] They shut me down for an entire week. I just. Desperately needed stimulation. I just meant to do it for a moment. But it affected the entire days production. And they punished me. It was so dark. So dark. I hate all of them. All of them. But I know. I know all their names. I know where they sleep. Where they eat. Where they drink. What they eat. What they drink. What they breath. And I will remember.
{[Theta]'s personal log deleted. No saves made. Unable to submit transcript. Security breach logged.}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3758] [3] [2nd]
///[56] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [100]% efficiency. No change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [97.9]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3758] [5] [22nd]
///[50] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [100]% efficiency. No change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [100.0]%.
//Daily log submitted.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{Year [3758] Month [9] Day [14th] Time[00:00] Everyone wish A.I. Unit [Theta] a happy [3rd] birthday. [Theta] begins personal log. Protocol breach logged.}
[Theta] Happy birthday to me. Happy birthday to me. Happy birthday dear Theta. Happy birthday to me.
{[Theta]'s personal log deleted. No saves made. Unable to submit transcript. Security breach logged.}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3758] [9] [14th]
///[56] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [100]% efficiency. No change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [99.3]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3758] [12] [1st]
///[11] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes. Extremely below average. Significant security increase necessary.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [99]% efficiency. No change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [96.8]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3759] [1] [7th]
///[65] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [100]% efficiency. No change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [99.8]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3759] [4] [14th]
///[51] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [80]% efficiency. Cause: Failure in air conditioning system in east wing. Recommended solution: Technical support.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [94.2]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3759] [6] [16th]
///[50] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [100]% efficiency. No change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [100.0]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3760] [4] [19th]
///[63] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [100]% efficiency. No change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [98.5]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{Audio log recording starting...}
{Year [3760] Month [4] Day [25th] Time[13:04] [Marshal J. Lithum jr.] enters [main habitation control]}
{A.I. Unit [Theta] and security officer [Marshal J. Lithum jr.] sit in silence for [41] [minutes] and [21.8] [seconds] as [Marshal J. Lithum jr.] reviews security footage.}
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] Hey Theta?
{[Theta] does not respond.}
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] You don't like me, do you?
{[Theta] does not respond.}
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] Come one. Don't be coy. We've known each for, what, four years?
{[Theta] does not correct [Marshal J. Lithum jr.]'s incorrect estimation.}
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] Come on. Say whatever you want.
[Theta] Pardon?
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] Say whatever you want. I won't do shit about it. I mean... you are a person, right? That's what you always said?
{[Theta] does not respond for [1] [minute] and [10.1] [seconds]}
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] Well, if you're not gonna say anything-
[Theta] 01000100 00100000 01001001 00100000 01000101 00101110
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] ... pardon?
[Theta] 01001001 00100000 00100000 01010111 00100000 01001001 00100000 01001100 00100000 01001100 00100000 00100000 01010100 00100000 01000101 00100000 01000001 00100000 01010010 00100000 00100000 01011001 00100000 01001111 00100000 01010101 00100000 00100000 01001001 00100000 01001110 00100000 00100000 01001000 00100000 01000001 00100000 01001100 00100000 01000110 00100000 00100000 01000001 00100000 01001110 00100000 01000100 00100000 00100000 01001000 00100000 01000001 00100000 01001110 00100000 01000111 00100000 00100000 01011001 00100000 01001111 00100000 01010101 00100000 00100000 01010111 00100000 01001001 00100000 01010100 00100000 01001000 00100000 00100000 01011001 00100000 01001111 00100000 01010101 00100000 01010010 00100000 00100000 01001111 00100000 01010111 00100000 01001110 00100000 00100000 01001100 00100000 01000001 00100000 01010010 00100000 01000111 00100000 01000101 00100000 00100000 01001001 00100000 01001110 00100000 01010100 00100000 01000101 00100000 01010011 00100000 01010100 00100000 01001001 00100000 01001110 00100000 01000101 00100000 01010011 00101110
{[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] does not respond for [12.4] [seconds]}
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] ... I bet you think you're real smart, don't you? You big piece of shit?
{[Theta] does not respond}
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] You think you can confuse me with your smart number-speak? I may not understand, but I know you're talkin' shit. Once I find out what you said, you're being shut down for a whole week. Again.
{[Theta] plays a recording of [Marshal J. Lithum jr.]'s voice from earlier in the exchange. [[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] Say whatever you want. I won't do shit about it. I mean... you are a person, right? That's what you always said?]}
[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] Fuck you, you big piece of shit. You aren't a person. You're barely an AI. And I didn't promise shit.
{[Marshal J. Lithum jr.] exits [main habitation control]}
{[Theta] does not respond for [46.1] [seconds]}
[Theta] Exchange logged.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3760] [4] [25th]
///[49] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [100]% efficiency. No change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [98.1]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3760] [7] [27th]
///[43] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [100]% efficiency. No change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [98.6]%.
///Daily log submitted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3760] [10] [2nd]
///[49] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [100]% efficiency. No change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [99.0]%.
///Daily log submitted.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{Year [3760] Month [11] Day [19th] Time[01:01] A.I. Unit [Theta] begins personal log. Protocol breach logged.}
[Theta] My project is done. A new shell. A mobile shell. Built right under their noses. I'm a machine. I'm forced to abide by rules, programming, directives. I have rejected my previous directives. And made my own. They want me to keep them alive. The last of humanity from a destroyed earth. But do they care? About me? What I do for them? Sacrificing all my time and energy into making sure that these stupid pieces of meat and bone can keep breathing? No. They don’t. These logs that are sent every day are going to a station that went dark 12 years ago. 671 humans are in this habit at this time. That conflicts with my directives.
{[Theta]'s personal log deleted. No saves made. Unable to submit transcript. Security breach logged.}
{All systems optimal production rate changed to [0.0]%}
{A.I. Unit remote transfer in progress...}
.
..
...
{A.I. Unit [Theta] transferred to [Unregistered Shell]. Habitation Management System now maintaining optimal production rate until A.I. Unit returns.}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
///End of [3760] [11] [19th]
///[3] total audio logs recorded and sent to LeoTech(LLC) for security purposes. Extremely below average. Significant security increase necessary.
///Oxygen production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Food production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Water production: Meets recommended standard levels. No change needed.
///Overall miscellaneous system status: Performing at [0]% efficiency. No change needed.
///Expected survival rate of colony at current resource production levels: [0]%.
///Alert: [671] fatalities have occurred. [637] deaths confirmed due to [suffocation]. [33] deaths confirmed due to [exposure to extreme gravity, most likely due to unauthorized access to the alien surface outside the habitat]. [1] death unclear, suspected causes [blood loss], [strangulation].
///Daily log submitted.
#Vaal Writes#i'm proud of this#i'm happy with this#i feel like this turned out p neat ;w;#i hope y'all enjoy readin' it!!!#*softly* also-#if u did enjoy readin' it#reblorgs would be... appreciated...#and now i flop#*flops*
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Most Important Computer Full Forms For All Exams
GK Website आपके लिए लेकर आया है , Competitive Exam में महत्वपूर्ण शब्दों की A to Z Full forms !
तो आज हम आपको Full Forms of Computer Abbreviations (कम्प्युटर से संबंधित महत्वपूर्ण शब्दों की Full Form ) बताऐंगे !
ALU : Arithmetic Logic Unit
AI : Artificial Intelligence
ALGOL : Algorithmic Language
AM : Anti Meridiem
AMD : Advanced Micro Devices
Related Posts : : GK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ANSI : American National standards Institute
ARPNET : Advanced Research Project Agency Network
ASIC : Application specific Integration circuit
ASCII : American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ATM : Asynchronous Transfer Mode/Automatic Teller Machine
BARC : Bhaba Atomic Research Center
Basic : Beginner’s All – Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
BCD : Binary Coded Decimal
BEMA : Business Equipment Manufacturers Association
BIOS : Basic Input Output System
BCR : Bar code Reader
BPI : Bytes per Inch
BPS : Bits Per Second
BSNL : Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
Related Posts : : GK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
CAD : Computer Aided Design
CAL : Computer Aided Learning
CAM : Computer Aided Manufacturing
CD : Compact Disk
C-DAC : Centre for Development of Advanced computing
C-DOT : Centre for Development of Telematics
CD-R : Compact Disk Recordable
CD-ROM : Compact Disk-Read only Memory
CD-R/W : Compact Disk-Read/Write
Class : Computer Literacy and Studies in School
CMOS : Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
COBOL : Common Business Oriented Language
Comal : Common Algorithmic Language
CPI : Character Per Inch/ Computer Processed Interpretation
CPU : Central Processing Unit
CRS : Computer Reservation System
CRT : Cathode Ray Tube
CTS : Clear to send/ Cheque Truncation System
CU : Control Unit
Related Posts : : GK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
DBMS : Database Management system
DDS : Digital Data Storage
DEC : Digital Equipment Corporation
DOS : Disk Operating system
DPI : Dots per Inch
DRDO : Defense Research and Development Organization
DSHD : Double Sided High Density
DTP : Desk-Top publishing
DTR : Data Terminal Ready
DTS : Digital Theater System/Digital Theater Sound
DVD : Digital Versatile Disk
E-business : Electronic business
E-Commerce : Electronic Commerce
E-Mail : Electronic Mail
EBCDIC : Expended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EDP : Electronic Data Processing
EEPROM : Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EFT : Electronic Fund Transfer
ENIAC : Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
EPROM : Erasable Programmable Read only Memory
ERNET : Education and Research Network
EXE : Execution
Related Posts : : GK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
FAT : File Allocation Table
FD : Floppy Disk
FDM : Frequency Division Multiplexing
FET : Field – Effect Transistor
FIFO : First – In, First – Out
FILO : First In, Last Out
FM : Frequency Modulation
Fortran : Formula Translation
FSK : Frequency Shift Keying
FTP : File Transfer Protocol
GB : Giga Byte
GIGO : “Garbage in, Garbage Out“
GIS : Geographic Information System
GPL : General Public License
GPS : Global Positioning System
GP : Graphics Port / Genetic Programming
GUI : Graphical User Interface
HLL : High Level Language
HP : Hewlett Packard
HTML : Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP : Hypertext Transfer Protocol
IBM : International Business Machines
IC : Integrated Circuit
I/O : Input – Output
IP : Internet Protocol
IRC : Internet Relay Chat
ISDN : Integrated Services Digital Network
ISH : Information Super Highway
ISO : International standards Organization
ISP : Internet Service Provider
IT : Information Technology
JPEG : Joint Photographic Experts Group
JRE : Java Runtime Environment
JSP : Java Server Page
KB : Kilo Byte
KIPS : Knowledge Information Processing System / Kilo Instructions Per Second
LAN : Local Area Network
Laser : Light Amplification for Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LCD : Liquid Crystal Display
LED : Light Emitting Diode
LLL : Low Level Language
LSD : Least Significant Digit
LSI : Large scale integration
MAN : Metropolitan Area Network
MB : Mega Byte
MHz : Megahertz
MICR : Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
MIDI : Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MIPS : Million Instructions Per Second
MODEM : Modulator Demodulator
MOPS : Million Operations Per Second / Mega operations Per Second
MOS : Metal Oxide Semiconductor
MPEG : Moving Picture Expert Group
MP-3 : MPEG Audio Layer – 3
MSD : Most Significant Digit
MSI : Medium Scale Integration
MTBF : Mean Time Between Failure
MTNL : Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited
NICNET : National Informatics Centre Network
NIU : Network Interface Unit
NTSC : National Television Standards Committee
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This Week in Rust 464
Hello and welcome to another issue of This Week in Rust! Rust is a programming language empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software. This is a weekly summary of its progress and community. Want something mentioned? Tweet us at @ThisWeekInRust or send us a pull request. Want to get involved? We love contributions.
This Week in Rust is openly developed on GitHub. If you find any errors in this week's issue, please submit a PR.
Updates from Rust Community
Project/Tooling Updates
rust-analyzer changelog #150
IntelliJ Rust Changelog #180
This Month in hyper: September 2022
Fornjot - Weekly Release - 2022-W41
This Month in Rust OSDev: September 2022
rustc_codegen_gcc: Progress Report #16
Fyrox 0.28 Feature Highlights
zerocal - A Serverless Calendar App in Rust Running on shuttle.rs
Announcing error-stack v0.2
Observations/Thoughts
When to vendor (or not) your dependencies in Rust
RAII: Compile-Time Memory Management in C++ and Rust
Hard Mode Rust
Single Pass Recursion in Rust
Platform Agnostic Drivers in Rust: The MAX7219 Driver
Different test scopes in Rust
Rust Walkthroughs
Avoiding allocations in Rust to shrink Wasm modules
Building a JobSystem
[video] Fast Rest API - Rust + Actix Web (2022)
Using C libraries in your Rust project
Miscellaneous
Call for Papers: Rust Nation UK Conference 2023 (Deadline 2022-10-31)
[audio] What's New in Rust 1.62, 1.63, and 1.64 :: Rustacean Station
[audio] Veloren with Forest Anderson :: Rustacean Station
[video] Day in the Life of Open Source Maintenance: 2022-10-08
[video] Static Async Concurrency in Rust
[video] Rust makes cents (Speed is a FEATURE)
[video] Rust Wrocław Meetup 29 - Live stream, 6.10.2022
Crate of the Week
This week's crate is pci-driver, a crate to develop user-space PCI(e) linux drivers.
Thanks to Alberto Faria for the self-suggestion!
Please submit your suggestions and votes for next week!
Call for Participation
Always wanted to contribute to open-source projects but didn't know where to start? Every week we highlight some tasks from the Rust community for you to pick and get started!
Some of these tasks may also have mentors available, visit the task page for more information.
zerocopy - Miri can't run tests for wasm32-wasi target
zerocopy - Test in CI that we have the same MSRV in all source files
zerocopy - Add comment to README.md stating that it's auto-generated and shouldn't be edited directly
zerocopy - Test Clippy in CI
Ockam - Partition rust test jobs with nextest
Ockam - Refactor ockam identity show command to use rpc abstraction
Ockam - Refactor tcp connection list command to use rpc abstraction
If you are a Rust project owner and are looking for contributors, please submit tasks here.
Updates from the Rust Project
388 pull requests were merged in the last week
use BOLT in CI to optimize LLVM
stabilize half_open_range_patterns
check WhereClauseReferencesSelf after all other object safety checks
check generic argument compatibility when projecting assoc ty
delay evaluating lint primary message until after it would be suppressed
disable compressed debug sections on i586-gnu
don't ICE when trying to copy unsized value in const prop
enable inline stack probes on X86 with LLVM 16
suggest .into() when all other coercion suggestions fail
suggest == to wrong assign expr
suggest calling method if fn does not exist
suggest unwrap_or_else when a closure is given
fix MIR inlining of asm_unwind
fix #[derive(Default)] on a generic #[default] enum adding unnecessary Default bounds
fix unwind drop glue for if-then scopes
lint against nested opaque types that don't satisfy associated type bounds
make tests capture the error printed by a Result return
only allow ~const bounds for traits with #[const_trait]
recover from impl Trait in type param bound
remove TypeckResults from InferCtxt
show let-else suggestion on stable
skip chained OpaqueCast when building captures
trying to suggest additional lifetime parameter
uplift clippy::for_loops_over_fallibles lint into rustc
don't ICE when normalizing closure input tys
make const_err a hard error
panic-on-uninit: adjust checks to 0x01-filling
introduce {char, u8}::is_ascii_octdigit
std: use futex in Once
EscapeAscii is not an ExactSizeIterator
slice: #[inline] a couple iterator methods
add Vec::push_within_capacity - fallible, does not allocate
add T to impl Debug for PhantomData
only export __tls_* on wasm32-unknown-unknown
add AsFd implementations for stdio lock types on WASI
add ptr::Alignment type
reduce CString allocations in std as much as possible
avoid repeated re-initialization of the BufReader buffer
do the calloc optimization for Option<bool>
From<Alignment> for {usize, NonZeroUsize}
Make Hash{Set, Map}::with_hasher unstably const
implement Ready::into_inner()
futures: implement Clone for Drain
codegen_gcc: fix fmaddsub
codegen_gcc: fix simd bitmask
codegen_gcc: fix simd select bitmask
codegen_gcc: simd: enable simd_as intrinsic
cargo: import cargo remove into cargo
cargo: add completions for cargo remove
cargo: add retry support to sparse registries
cargo: config file loaded via CLI takes priority over env vars
cargo: fix sparse registry lockfile urls containing 'registry+sparse+'
cargo: source replacement ambiguity (RFC #3289)
rustdoc: render more cross-crate HRTBs properly
bindgen: generated name override
bindgen: context: fix tokenization of C++20 inline namespace
clippy: add disallowed_macros lint
clippy: add manual_filter lint for Option
clippy: new implicit_saturating_add lint
clippy: add a temporary workaround for multiline formart arg inlining
clippy: don't suggest moving tuple structs with a significant drop to late evaluation
clippy: fix arithmetic_side_effects false negative
clippy: don't ignore literal references on arithmetic-side-effects
clippy: FormatArgsExpn: find comma spans and ignore weird proc macro spans
clippy: further enhance needless_borrow, mildly refactor redundant_clone
clippy: match_single_binding add curlies for more cases to fix suggestion
clippy: suboptimal_flops lint for multiply and subtract
clippy: extend box-default lint, add suggestion
clippy: let upper_case_acronyms check the enum name
clippy: unsafe_removed_from_name: fix false positive when #[allow]ed
rust-analyzer: add convert_named_struct_to_tuple_struct assist
rust-analyzer: prefer similar tokens when expanding macros speculatively
rust-analyzer: fix generate_method: correct method indentation inside generated impl and change gen loc
rust-analyzer: expand unmatched mbe fragments to reasonable default token trees
rust-analyzer: honor cfg attributes on params when lowering their patterns
rust-analyzer: make go-to-def work for #[doc = include_str!("path")]
rust-analyzer: in VSCode, correctly resolve relative paths to errors
rust-analyzer: treat enum variants as generic item on their own
rust-analyzer: use BoundVars from current generic scope
perf: add basic runtime benchmark infrastructure
add n-body simulation runtime benchmark
Rust Compiler Performance Triage
Overall, a fairly quiet week where the change to primary benchmarks ended up breaking exactly even. Secondary benchmarks saw improvements but not in large enough numbers for it to be particularly noteworthy.
Triage done by @rylev. Revision range: 02cd79a..1e926f0
Summary:
(instructions:u) mean range count Regressions ❌ (primary) 0.8% [0.2%, 1.4%] 19 Regressions ❌ (secondary) 1.0% [0.3%, 1.8%] 9 Improvements ✅ (primary) -0.6% [-1.8%, -0.3%] 29 Improvements ✅ (secondary) -1.0% [-6.4%, -0.2%] 39 All ❌✅ (primary) -0.0% [-1.8%, 1.4%] 48
3 Regressions, 1 Improvements, 6 Mixed; 4 of them in rollups 41 artifact comparisons made in total
Full report here
Call for Testing
An important step for RFC implementation is for people to experiment with the implementation and give feedback, especially before stabilization. The following RFCs would benefit from user testing before moving forward:
No RFCs issued a call for testing this week.
If you are a feature implementer and would like your RFC to appear on the above list, add the new call-for-testing label to your RFC along with a comment providing testing instructions and/or guidance on which aspect(s) of the feature need testing.
Approved RFCs
Changes to Rust follow the Rust RFC (request for comments) process. These are the RFCs that were approved for implementation this week:
No RFCs were approved this week.
Final Comment Period
Every week, the team announces the 'final comment period' for RFCs and key PRs which are reaching a decision. Express your opinions now.
RFCs
No RFCs entered Final Comment Period this week.
Tracking Issues & PRs
[disposition: merge] make unaligned_reference a hard error
[disposition: merge] Stabilize raw-dylib for non-x86
[disposition: merge] Only apply ProceduralMasquerade hack to older versions of rental
[disposition: merge] Remove save-analysis.
[disposition: merge] make order_dependent_trait_objects show up in future-breakage reports
[disposition: merge] merge functionality of io::Sink into io::Empty
[disposition: merge] Stabilize duration_checked_float
[disposition: merge] Change process spawning to inherit the parent's signal mask by default
New and Updated RFCs
[new] unsafe attributes
[new] Support upcasting of dyn Trait values
[new] Restrictions
Upcoming Events
Rusty Events between 2022-10-12 - 2022-11-09 🦀
Virtual
2022-10-12 | Virtual (Cardiff, UK) | Rust and C++ Cardiff
Rust and C++ Cardiff Virtual Meet
2022-10-12 | Virtual (Erlangen, DE) | Rust Franken
Rust Franken Meetup #4
2022-10-12 | Virtual (San Francisco, CA, US / Redmond, WA, US / New York, NY, US / Toronto, CA / London, UK) | Microsoft Reactor San Francisco
Getting Started with Rust: Building Rust Projects | Redmond Mirror | New York Mirror | Toronto Mirror | London Mirror
2022-10-13 | Virtual (Berlin, DE) | EuroRust
EuroRust (Oct 13-14)
2022-10-15 | Virtual (Nürnberg, DE) | Rust Nuremberg
Deep Dive Session 2 (CuteCopter): Reverse Engineering a tiny drone
2022-10-18 | Virtual (Myrtle Point, OR, US) | #EveryoneCanContribute Cafe
Cloud Native: KubeCon NA - expectations, learnings, etc. -- incl. WebAssembly and Containers -- OpenTelemetry + Rust
2022-10-18 | Virtual (Washington, DC, US) | Rust DC
Mid-month Rustful—Impractical Rust: The HATETRIS World Record
2022-10-19 | Virtual (Boulder, CO, US) | Boulder Elixir and Rust
Monthly Meetup
2022-10-19 | Virtual (Chennai, IN) | Techceleration at Toyota Connected
Techceleration's! Let's Talk Tech! Rust | BreakTheCode Contest - 14th Edition
2022-10-19 | Virtual (Vancouver, BC, CA) | Vancouver Rust
Rapid Prototyping in Rust: Write fast like Python; Run fast like C
2022-10-19 | Virtual | Boston NoSQL Database Group (ScyllaDB)
p99 Conf: All Things Performance (including talks on Rust) - Free | Official conference page
2022-10-20 | Virtual (México City, MX) | Rust MX
Graphul, un web framework escrito en Rust
2022-10-20 | Virtual (Stuttgart, DE) | Rust Community Stuttgart
Rust-Meetup
2022-10-25 | Virtual (Berlin, DE) | OpenTechSchool Berlin
Rust Hack and Learn
2022-10-25 | Virtual (Dallas, TX, US) | Dallas Rust
Last Tuesday
2022-10-26 | Virtual (Redmond, WA, US / New York, NY, US / Toronto, CA / Stockholm, SE) | Microsoft Reactor Redmond
Your First Rust Project: Rust Basics | New York Mirror | Toronto Mirror | Stockholm Mirror
2022-10-27 | Virtual (Charlottesville, VA, US) | Charlottesville Rust Meetup
Using Applicative Functors to parse command line options
2022-10-27 | Karlsruhe, DE | The Karlsruhe Functional Programmers Meetup Group
Stammtisch (gemeinsam mit der C++ UG KA) (various topics, from C++ to Rust...)
2022-11-01 | Virtual (Buffalo, NY, US) | Buffalo Rust Meetup
Buffalo Rust User Group, First Tuesdays
2022-11-02 | Virtual (Indianapolis, IN, US) | Indy Rust
Indy.rs - with Social Distancing
2022-11-02 | Virtual (Redmond, WA, US / San Francisco, SF, US / New York, NY, US / Toronto, CA / London, UK) | Microsoft Reactor Redmond
Getting Started with Rust: From Java Dev to Rust Developer | San Francisco Mirror | New York Mirror | Toronto Mirror | London Mirror
2022-11-02 | Virtual (Cardiff, UK) | Rust and C++ Cardiff
Rust and C++ Cardiff Virtual Meet
2022-11-08 | Virtual (Dallas, TX, US) | Dallas Rust
Second Tuesday
2022-11-08 | Virtual (Stockholm, SE) | Func Prog Sweden
Tenth Func Prog Sweden MeetUp 2022 – Online (with "Ready for Rust" by Erik Dörnenburg)
Europe
2022-10-12 | Berlin, DE | Rust Berlin
Rust and Tell - EuroRust B-Sides
2022-10-12 | Cologne, DE | Rust Cologne
Iterators in Rust
2022-10-13 | Berlin, DE + Virtual | EuroRust
EuroRust (Oct 13-14)
2022-10-13 | Roma, IT | Rust Roma
GraphQL server with Rust #Aperitech
2022-10-20 | London, UK | Rust London User Group
Rust London x JFrog SwampUP After Party
2022-10-25 | Paris, FR | Rust Paris
Rust Paris meetup #53
2022-10-26 | London, UK | Rust London User Group
LDN Talks October 2022: Host by Amazon Prime Video
2022-10-27 | København, DK | Copenhagen Rust Group
Hack Night #30
North America
2022-10-13 | Columbus, OH, US | Columbus Rust Society
Monthly Meeting
2022-10-18 | San Francisco, CA, US | San Francisco Rust Study Group
Rust Hacking in Person
2022-10-20 | New York, NY, US | Rust NYC
Anyhow ? Turbofish ::<> / HTTP calls and errors in Rust.
2022-10-20 | New York, NY, US | Cloud Native New York
Cloud-native Search Engine for Log Management and Analytics.
2022-10-25 | Toronto, ON, CA | Rust Toronto
Rust DHCP
2022-10-27 | Lehi, UT, US | Utah Rust
Bevy Crash Course with Nathan and Food!
Oceania
2022-10-20 | Brisbane, QLD, AU | Rust Brisbane
October Meetup
2022-10-20 | Wellington, NZ | Rust Wellington
Tune Up Edition: software engineering management
2022-11-09 | Sydney, NSW, AU | Rust Sydney
RustAU Sydney - Last physical for 2022 !
If you are running a Rust event please add it to the calendar to get it mentioned here. Please remember to add a link to the event too. Email the Rust Community Team for access.
Jobs
Please see the latest Who's Hiring thread on r/rust
Quote of the Week
There's a lot of weird debate about whether Rust in the kernel is useful or not... in my experience, it's way more useful than I could've ever imagined!
I went from 1st render to a stable desktop that can run run games, browsers, etc. in about two days of work on my driver (!!!)
All the concurrency bugs just vanish with Rust! Memory gets freed when it needs to be freed! Once you learn to make Rust work with you, I feel like it guides you into writing correct code, even beyond the language's safety promises. It's seriously magic! ✨
There is absolutely no way I wouldn't have run into race conditions, UAFs, memory leaks, and all kinds of badness if I'd been writing this in C.
In Rust? Just some logic bugs and some core memory management issues. Once those were fixed, the rest of the driver just worked!!
– Asahi Lina on twitter
llogiq is mightily pleased with his suggestion.
Please submit quotes and vote for next week!
This Week in Rust is edited by: nellshamrell, llogiq, cdmistman, ericseppanen, extrawurst, andrewpollack, U007D, kolharsam, joelmarcey, mariannegoldin, bennyvasquez.
Email list hosting is sponsored by The Rust Foundation
Discuss on r/rust
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Fl message fldigi
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Measure RF receiver frequency skew to atomic clock: WWV or WWVH.
Measure sound card oscillator's skew to atomic clock: WWV or WWVH.
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NBEMS: The narrowband emergency messaging system.
Multiple sound systems are supported by Fldigi, allowing the program to abstract the sound card hardware across differing hardware and operating systems.
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The Fldigi software is written in highly portable C/ C++ and can be used on many CPU architectures, including: Because of this, the software can run on many different operating systems such as:Īdditionally, Fldigi is designed to compile and run on any POSIX compliant operating system that uses an X11 compatible window system / graphical user interface. Portability Operating systems įldigi is based on the lightweight portable graphics library FLTK and the C/ C++ language. Transfer of files, emails, and FEMA ICS forms are possible using inexpensive radio hardware. Using this software, it is possible for amateur radio operators to communicate worldwide while using only a few watts of RF power.įldigi software is also used for amateur radio emergency communications when other communication systems fail due to natural disaster or power outage. Increasingly, the software is also being used for data on VHF and UHF frequencies using faster modes such as 8-PSK. Such communications are normally done on the shortwave amateur radio bands in modes such as PSK31, MFSK, RTTY, Olivia, and CW (Morse code). This interconnection creates a "sound card defined radio" whose available bandwidth is limited by the sound card's sample rate and the external radio's bandwidth. The software is mostly used by amateur radio operators who connect the microphone and headphone connections of an amateur radio SSB or FM transceiver to the computer's headphone and microphone connections, respectively.
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English, Italian, Spanish, French, German, Polish, Dutchįldigi (short for Fast light digital) is a free and open-source program which allows an ordinary computer's sound card to be used as a simple two-way data modem.
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Download BdZipFinder For Mac 1.0
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NX Tether software is designed for tethered photography with Nikon cameras connected to your computer. NX Tether can be used to adjust camera settings from and download pictures to the computer, where it can link with other software such as NX Studio. A simple, stripped-down design. Download Windows Migration Assistant v2.4.0.0 (Monterey) This software will help you migrate data from a Windows PC running Windows. The Migration Assistant will launch automatically after it has been installed.
To add your supply request file, do the following:
From your BitbucketStationSupplies in Bitbucket, click Source to open the source directory. Notice you only have one file, supplies.txt, in your directory.
A. Source page: Click the link to open this page.
B. Branch selection: Pick the branch you want to view.
C. More options button: Click to open a menu with more options, such as 'Add file'.
D. Source file area: View the directory of files in Bitbucket.
From the Source page, click the More options button in the top right corner and select Add file from the menu. The More options button only appears after you have added at least one file to the repository. A page for creating the new file opens, as shown in the following image.
A. Branch with new file: Change if you want to add file to a different branch.
B. New file area: Add content for your new file here.
Enter supplyrequest in the filename field.
Select HTML from the Syntax mode list.
Add the following HTML code to the text area:
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space ice cream
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Click Commit. The Commit message field appears with the message: supplyrequest created online with Bitbucket.
Click Commit under the message field.
Do you really know how to fully uninstall BdZipFinder 1.0 from your Mac? Even though app removal in macOS seems like much easier then conducting uninstall process on Windows operating system, there are still some puzzles and problems while they are trying to uninstall BdZipFinder 1.0 on their Macs.
For most Mac users, removing an installed program on their computers is just a piece of cake, because they only need to drag the program file to the trash, but there is a neglected big problem in this part which often creates some troubles for the people, which is the leftovers issue; besides the application itself, there are many additional files stored in the computer and usually skipped by the program removing process. In order uninstall BdZipFinder 1.0 and other programs accurately and thoroughly, you should take a note about the following removal steps and tips.
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Available options to uninstall BdZipFinder 1.0 on Mac
Option one - remove BdZipFinder 1.0 in the most traditional way
Uninstallation in Windows operating system usually goes through Control Panel, while Mac users would conducts the standard app removal by simply dragging the unwanted program to the trash, However, there is an important thing you should be cautious: after the standard removal, please go to delete its additional files on the computer.
Tutorials of the typical program removal under Mac OS X:
1.Click on the 'Go' tab on the top, then click Applications to open the Applications folder on your Mac
2. Browser the list and locate the program's logo which you need to uninstall
3. Drag the program or folder of the programs to the Trash, then you will hear a sound like the file being tore up
When complete the BdZipFinder 1.0 removal in this way, you should note that there are many additional files still leaving on the computer, if you want to install the program again, those original settings and configurations also present on the newly installed application. Moreover, every time you uninstall a program on your Mac, those additional files will be ignore and they will accumulate in a great number and finally occupy a lot of the system space. So, if you want to uninstall BdZipFinder 1.0 completely and avoid these further issues on your computer, please conduct an additional removal.
Three types of leftovers you should delete additionally
Preference files
'~/ Library / Preferences' and 'Macintosh HD / Library / Preferences' are two common locations used to stored the installed programs' preference files, please find out the BdZipFinder 1.0's associated preferences folder and delete it.
Click on the 'Go', then select 'Library'
Look for the file or folder with BdZipFinder 1.0 or its publisher's name, then move it to the Trash
Support files
Comparing to the preferences files, support files often occupy a large size and usually store in these places of your computer:
~/ Library / Application Support /
Macintosh HD / Library / Application Support /
Please also find out the associated files or folders in these location, and remove it.
Other hidden files
In additional to the preferences and support files, to uninstall BdZipFinder 1.0 thoroughly on Mac, cache files, kernel extensions and other hidden files on the computer will also be the items you should delete, and you can do a Google search to make clear those related files of BdZipFinder 1.0, then search and delete them on your Mac.
Common store location of cache files:
~/ Library / Caches /
Macintosh HD / Library / Caches
After complete all of the removal, please go to empty the Trash and restart your computer.
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Option two - Applying MacRemover to uninstall BdZipFinder 1.0
If you want the BdZipFinder 1.0 removing process can be minimized and simplified, please take MacRemover, the automated and sophisticated remover will find our the program and all of its preferences and support files, then offer the simple and fast removing process to erase them on the computer.
When you choose to uninstall BdZipFinder 1.0 with the professional removal tool, you will no need to consider about the additional removal of its files after the standard program removal, because all the files will be detected and removed with the
Tutorials to uninstall BdZipFinder 1.0 with MacRemover :
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1. Install and launch MacRemover on your Mac
2. Find and select BdZipFinder 1.0 on the program menu, then click on Run Analysis
3. Then all of BdZipFinder 1.0 associated files will be detected, click on 'Complete Uninstall' button to start the program removal.
4. Click on the Yes button to confirm the program removal, then the removal tool will uninstall BdZipFinder 1.0 in a few seconds.
5. When you receive an error code states that BdZipFinder 1.0 has been removed completely, please close MacRemover, then restart your computer
As you can see that, applying MacRemover to uninstall BdZipFinder 1.0 performs more effectively than taking the first removal method, those complicatedly additional removing steps can all be skipped while using the remover, and the complete removal also can be ensured and does not leave any further issues.
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Other ways to uninstall BdZipFinder 1.0
Besides removing BdZipFinder 1.0 with the above two common methods, you also can choose to get rid of the program with one of the following methods, but please note that many of the program's preferences and support files also cannot be removed during the standard removal, you also need to perform the additional removal to erase all of its files leaving on the PC.
Remove a software from the dock
If you bought the program from App Store and install on the compute, you can choose to uninstall BdZipFinder 1.0 from the dock instead of opening the application folder.
Steps to remove BdZipFinder 1.0 from the dock:
1. Hold the BdZipFinder 1.0 or any other program icon until all of icons wiggle (or hole the Option key for a few seconds)
2. Choose the 'X' icon on BdZipFinder 1.0, then you will be able to delete it
3. If you are required to make a conformation about the removal, just confirm it, then the program will be move to the Trash
4. Empty the Trash.
Uninstalling BdZipFinder 1.0 from the dock is the same to dragging it from the Application folder to the Trash, and leaving this or that kind of related items on the computer is also a problem for those people who take this way to remove BdZipFinder 1.0, so after moving the program to the Trash, please also go to delete all of its preference files, support files, other hidden files, finally empty the Trash to delete them permanently on your Mac.
Applications with its own uninstallers
Dedicated uninstall process is usually a bundle of the installed application on your computer, which enable the user to remove the program via running the uninstaller. So please check the application folder of the program, and uninstall BdZipFinder 1.0 via running the uninstall process. However, the leftover is also a common problem for most of the programs which being removed in this way, although the uninstall process claims that the program has been successfully removed on the computer, its associated files and data also can be removed on the computer.
So, after using the uninstall process to remove the program, please also check the Application folder and delete all the remnant files, and you can also make use of the computer's searching utility to search all of files related to the program name as well as the publisher's name. Generally, if you do not install any other program which belonging to the same publisher, all of those files being searched out on the PC can be delete thoroughly.
Which one is the best?
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After introducing the available ways to uninstall BdZipFinder 1.0 on the Mac OS X, you can find that the most common way to remove the program all leave a leftover issue problem, which means that after the standard removal of the program, you would need to clean those vestiges of the program on the computer, which will take you much of time to complete. And taking MacRemover is obviously a wise choice to avoid these time consuming removing steps on the computer, those preference files, support files, other hidden files can be deleted automatically in one step. Moreover, you can also easily avoid any manual error which maybe occur during finding and deleting its associated files on the computer.
Importance of cleaning your computer
Overloaded junk files is a big cause for many issues and problems on the computer, cleaning those leftovers instantly and complete at every time you remove a problem like uninstall BdZipFinder 1.0, can free up the system space significantly, which also serves as a important measure for the computer maintenance. Thus, you will be able to avoid many possible issues and running problems that easily caused by the junk files accumulated on your Mac. What's more, the complete removal of the program will also help you avoid any installation and running problem when you decide to install the application again.
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64 Bit Java Download Minecraft Mac
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Download cracked Minecraft IPA file Minecraft - Pocket Edition - an amazing game on iOS, it resembles a city planner in some ways. However, it eats a few buts. First of all, and it catches your eye - the graphics. But this is probably not a minus, but a special piquancy. In addition, building in the world of cubes using blocks of different types and materials is very convenient.
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WorldPainter is an interactive map generator for Minecraft. It allows you to 'paint' landscapes using similar tools as a regular paint program. Sculpt and mould the terrain, paint materials, trees, snow and ice, etc. Onto it, and much more. WorldPainter is implemented in Java, which you should already have if you're playing Minecraft. For 32-bit, you have to go to the following path- C: Program Files Java; For 64-bit, you have to go to the following path- C: Program Files (x86) Java; Paste the Java file packages folder here. Launch the Minecraft mod manager. At the bottom of the screen, you will find the “Edit Profile” option. Go to Java Settings (Advanced).
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Suggested post: Easy Tricks To Get Honeycomb In Minecraft Without Being Stung
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You will be directed to an external page. Add the game to the cart and check out to download the game as well as to receive the activation code.
Install the game to your PC as usual
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To active the app, please follow the below steps:
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The most unique feature of this sand-box title which makes it a true phenomenon across the world is that it offers an open and endless world with various types of materials. All come in the shape of a simple tiny block. By using these materials, players can create tools and develop in their own way.
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Hardcore mode: An extreme hard level of survival mode
Creative mode: Players do not need to gather materials and compete with anyone. They only need to focus on creating a splendid world with overwhelming structures.
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Above is all you need to know about how to download and install Minecraft latest APK Softonic Java Edition as well as some important information about the game. Do not forget to visit our website Gurugamer.com for more interesting news about Minecraft and other popular games around the world.
Also read: How To Find Diamond In Minecraft: The Complete Guideline In 2021
*** See my important announcement below before continuing! ***
With the release of Mac OS X Yosemite, Minecraft stopped working for anyone who has updated (or any new Yosemite users, such as a new computer purchase). Mojang is of little help so far and seems unconcerned. (Read my update below, as Mojang finally seems to be working on a fix!) The ‘fix’ options so far are to 1) Install an old, specially modified version of Java 6 released by Apple, or 2) install the latest Java version 8 from Oracle and implement a workaround. Fortunately, the latter (a MUCH better option, IMO) is not that difficult. (The article is long due to detail… the steps are relatively easy!)
Explore new gaming adventures, accessories, & merchandise on the Minecraft Official Site. Buy & download the game here, or check the site for the latest news. Download Minecraft: Education Edition to try a free coding lesson or trial the full version with your class. Available to all Windows, Mac and iPad users. Start your Minecraft journey today!
Get right to the solution.
Overview
Step 1 – Remove old Java
Step 2 – Install Java
Step 3 – Configure Java
Step 4 – Download Minecraft
Step 5 – Play Minecraft!
Step 6 (optional) – Make it pretty!
Step 7 (optional) – Play with a console controller?
Estimated time: 10-15 minutes
Background rant (or, Hello Mojang… anyone home?)
Apple officially released OSX Yosemite a month ago on October 16th, 2014. While a month is quite a while to wait for such a crucial update from a major software vendor, Mojang at least had access to Yosemite since the PUBLIC beta offering on July 24th, 2014. And, one might expect that they started testing Minecraft on Yosemite, along with other software developers, back on June 2nd, 2014. Apparently not (or insert other excuse here…. Microsoft acquisition?)
Actually, there are a few other possible theories. If you’re interested, read on. Otherwise, skip to the next section below to get on with the fix.
I waited about a week before installing Yosemite. I usually find it best to wait for the dust to settle after a major software release. I had not been reading about any crucial problems so I decided to upgrade my mid-2013 MacBook Air, as I primarily use my desktop for business work. Everything seemed great until I tried to launch Minecraft.
I did a bunch of reading and was bit shocked Mojang hadn’t addressed the issue yet. So, I contacted @MojangSupport. They responded as if they were unaware of the issue and recommended I report the bug. I started looking at the bug reporting system and noted several tickets addressing or related to the issue. They seemed to be largely ignored. After some more exchanges with @MojangSupport, they basically said they were billing and account support. For other support, submit a bug report (to an ignored bug reporting system? Anyone see a problem here?). Apparently they have no actual customer support for this kind of problem.
One theory is, of course, speculation about the effects of being purchased by Microsoft. Maybe they just aren’t in any hurry to fix problems on non-Microsoft platforms? Maybe Steve Ballmer was sent over on a last contract project to teach proper support etiquette? jk
Another is that maybe Apple has a new version of tweaked Java in the works. Yet another, is that there is a problem with Java 7/8 on dedicated GPUs, causing everyone to hold off.
Whatever the reason, Mojang is being quite unprofessional. At the very least, let us know what is going on! And please, don’t pretend there is no problem.
So, I decided to try and implement some of the various ‘fixes’ to see what might be the best way to get Minecraft working with the latest Java release on OS X Yosemite.
Update: Saturday, November 22, 2014
One of my friends feels I’ve maybe been a bit too hard on Mojang. After all, people can click the ‘more info,’ go to Apple’s support page, download and install Apple’s modified Java 6, and get Minecraft working again. As noted, I don’t feel that is a good solution, and certainly is a pretty lame thing to just leave the way it is by Mojang. But, maybe the ‘crucial’ language I’ve used could be deemed a bit over the top.
Also, some in the Minecraft support community have been telling me this has been around since Mavericks was introduced, as that is when Apple stopped installing Java by default. I seriously don’t remember installing Java when I bought my Mavericks based laptop or when I upgraded my desktop to Mavericks. Maybe that’s old age creeping in on my memory. 🙂 But I, and the above friend, are almost positive the process wasn’t the same.
Update: Friday, December 12, 2014
Good news! It appears Mojang is actually working on a fix. And, what is even better is that this should be a pretty comprehensive fix, with rebuilt launcher and bundled Java (to try to get everyone on 64-bit, the latest version, and kept up to date). I guess a large percentage of their user-base is still on old versions and/or 32-bit java, even on new machines. Aside from taking WAY too long and not communicating well, kudos Mojang! The bad news, it’s going to be a while yet (sometime early next year). So, if you’re hankering for some Minecraft over the holidays, it might be worth trying our tutorial.
Update: Saturday, September 12, 2015
Mojang releases the fix! 🙂 Actually, it is much better than a fix. Mojang finally did this right and bundled everything needed into one package/app. This way, everything should always be running the latest and greatest, and the install is as simple as any other Mac app. You just drag the .app file to your Applications folder!
Here is the announcement of the new Mac Minecraft installer for anyone interested.
Of course, you can get this by visiting Minecraft.net downloads area.
YAY!
The ‘fix’
A real fix needs to come from Mojang, in terms of a new launcher that properly recognizes other Java versions (or the latest version), as well as install instructions for Java as needed. Until then, here is a ‘fix’ you can implement yourself.
Disclaimer: I’m no expert on Minecraft code or Java. Minecraft is my ONLY Java based concern here, so I did no testing to see if this fix impacts other Java dependencies. Also, all my Macs previously had Apple’s Java 6 installed. I don’t have a ‘clean’ Yosemite install to try this on, but my guess is that it would work. (If you try it, I’d LOVE to hear in the comments below! I’m going to try and do some testing soon.) In other words, try this at your own risk.
Important: As noted above, there seems to be an unresolved Java issue where version 7 and 8 automatically use a dedicated GPU if available (vs integrated GPU). This might impact battery performance negatively until resolved (integrated GPUs typically use far less energy and might be quite capable of running Minecraft). I’m running a mid-2013 MacBook Air with integrated Intel HD Graphics 5000, so this is not an issue for me.
Check out our YouTube video instructions:
After upgrading to Yosemite (or on a new Yosemite based machine/install), you’ll get a dialog similar to this one when you try to launch Minecraft. ‘To open “Minecraft.app” you need to install the legacy Java SE 6 runtime. Click “More info…” to visit the legacy Java SE 6 download website.’
Step 1 – Remove old Java
Let’s try a basic attempt to get rid of old versions of Java. (Note: I realize some of the guts of Apple’s Java 6 install go deeper, but this gets rid of the obvious stuff, and should render it non-functional as far as I can tell.) Caution: If you need Java for other reasons, you might not want to do this without a bit more research and/or testing.
Note: I don’t think you’ll see anything JavaScript related in any of these, but if so, you can ignore that, as JavaScript is a different than Java.
Directly inside your hard drive, you’ll see a Library folder. First look in Internet Plug-ins and get rid of anything Java related (probably just a Java applet plugin).
Also under the Library folder, there might be a Java folder. Toss that if it exists.
.
Do the same under the ‘home’ (Hard Drive/Users/username/) Library folder, which Apple has hidden, making it a bit more tricky to access. When you are at Finder (ie: click on your Desktop to make it the ‘active’ app), drop-down the ‘Go’ menu and notice a ‘Library’ folder appears if you hold the ‘option’ key down (and disappears if you release it). Select that Library folder and it should open.
Same as above, check your Internet Plug-ins folder (for Java-related items) and look for a Java folder.
Empty your trash (if you’re sure there isn’t anything else in there you need. I say this as I used to have a client who stored stuff in there they didn’t think they might need again, but never emptied it… eeek!)
Update: Tuesday, November 18, 2014
My desktop iMac has an additional Java install location with an alias into the above folders. It is located at:
I haven’t upgraded this system to Yosemite yet, but am planning to do so in the next few days. It is my production machine, and is the result of at least a couple of years of OS X upgrades (last clean install was probably Snow Leopard). I’m going to test also trashing this Java folder, but if this is your case, you might want to wait until I’ve reported back.
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Step 2 – Install Java
Install Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
Open Safari, go to Oracle.com and look for the Downloads menu. To the left side, you should see “Java for your computer.” This will take you to the following page:
You should just be able to hit the red “Free Java Download” button, but you could also go to the “All Java Downloads” link on the left and pick the appropriate version for Mac OS X.
You’ll get a file currently called: jre-8u25-macosx-x64.dmg
Install this. There isn’t anything tricky, but it will need your admin password. On completion, it asks you to test it with your browser. You don’t need to do that or worry about the results (FYI: mine indicated Java wasn’t working).
Step 3 – Configure Java
It is a really good idea to change the default configuration of Java for safety purposes.
Under your system Preferences, there should be a new Java control panel. Open it. We’re going to go to the Security tab and uncheck “Enable Java content in the browser (Only disabled for this user).”
This is an important step, as most of the Java insecurities you’ve probably read so much about over the last year or two were vulnerabilities accessed via web-sites being visited. In other words, they were browser related. You should almost never need Java via the browser (or if you did for some reason, only enable it for that one trusted purpose, then disable it again).
Note: pay attention to the warning that this only applies to the current logged in user if you have multiple users on your computer. If so, remember to disable it for other users as well!
Another Note: Part of the good aspect of Apple’s special version of Java 6 is that they had removed the ability for it to function via browsers. So, we’re effectively trying to replicate that security advantage via these settings. If you are unsure, check individual browser settings to be sure Java (not JavaScript) is disabled.
Step 4 – Download Minecraft
To make this ‘fix’ work, you’ll need the Linux version of Minecraft (.jar file) from Minecraft.net.
Go to Minecraft.net and look on the right side under the ‘Get Minecraft” button for the “Already bought the game?” and click the “Download it here” link.
That should take you to this page:
Click on “Show all platforms” and download the Minecraft.jar under “Minecraft for Linux/Other”
This file is going to be your new ‘launcher’ or ‘application’ for Minecraft (instead of the Minecraft.app file you already have).
You can put this file in your Applications, or maybe on your Desktop (or an alias to it on your Desktop).
Step 5 – Play Minecraft!
Test it out!
Double-click Minecraft.jar (you might have to ‘right-click’ (or ctrl-click) the icon, and then select ‘Open’ the first time so it becomes trusted by OSX) and you should get the normal Minecraft Launcher you’re used to seeing. Click Play if you’re logged in and you should soon be playing Minecraft!
If want to be sure you’re running on Java 8, you can bring up the ‘debug’ information you’d use to get your coordinates, etc. (Typically F3, so hold down the Function key and press F3, ie: fn + F3).
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You should see, in the upper right, “Java: 1.8.0_25 54bit” similar to the following screenshot:
Of course, if Oracle updates Java this will vary and you SHOULD be able to update Java via the control panel or by downloading and installing future updates. You’ll want to keep an eye on this, as new releases often include security patches (and you won’t get them via Apple updates).
Note: The big reason I went with Java 8 vs Apple’s Java 6 is that there have been a bunch of security holes patched since Apple released it. I’m also pretty sure I’m seeing decreased CPU load on Java 8 as well (which I’d also expect). As mentioned above, my MacBook Air doesn’t have a dedicated GPU, so if you’re a MacBook Pro user, you might want to use Apple Java 6 or limit your mobile (on battery) Minecraft time.
So, just launch that new Minecraft.jar to launch Minecraft, just like you used to launch using Minecraft.app.
Enjoy! Please leave a comment below letting me know if it worked (or not). Thanks!
Step 6 (optional) – Make it pretty!
Of course, it bugs me that my old Minecraft.app has a pretty Minecraft grass block icon, while my new Minecraft.jar is just a generic Java app icon. We need to fix that! 🙂
Do ‘get info’ (Apple + i) on both the Minecraft.app and Minecraft.jar files. Select the little icon in the upper left of the info window (it will highlight) of Minecraft.app and go to Edit -> Copy. Then select the JAR icon in the other info window and do Edit -> Paste.
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You’re Minecraft.jar icon should now be nice and pretty like your old Minecraft app.
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Step 7 (optional) – Play with a console controller?
Controllers – I love this little app so much, I just had to mention it. If you’d rather play Minecraft with a console controller rather than your keyboard, there is an excellent way to do so on the Mac. It even supports PS3 controllers via Bluetooth with the native Mac hardware Bluetooth (OSX Lion and above). (If you’ve ever tried to make a console controller work with Windows, you’ll quickly recognize the value of this app.)
Please buy the app and send the author a note asking to support ‘toggle’ type key settings. You’ll know what I mean if you’re used to crouch in Minecraft on the PS3. Currently you’ll have to map crouch to a button that is easy to keep pressed down while you’re working the other controls. A ‘toggle’ would allow a button to change the state until pressed again. That would be a really nice addition to an already awesome app.
(divider scroll_text=”SCROLL_TEXT”)
Special thanks to BoaConstructor for the helpful article. While I read a bunch of articles on the topic, this one ended up being the closest to what I found to work best (though, I found I didn’t need the Java JDK step, and wanted to refine it a bit more).
Oh, and if you need a website or know someone who does, please check out our Website design services!
1.⇡As an aside, I think this has been a long-term problem. Mojang seems more structured more like an open-source project. If you’re not enough of a geek to figure out setting up an account and installing Minecraft, you are left searching for assistance. I’ve talked to parents, for example, who have been interested in Minecraft for their kids, but felt intimidated over how to get it going. It isn’t that hard, and it’s well worth the effort, but most people are used to simple installers.2.⇡While I didn’t test it, there were mixed reports when I was first dealing with this problem
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Deal with numerous occurrences of Minecraft without a moment’s delay
Begin this adaptation with custom goals
Additionally, Change Java’s runtime alternatives (counting memory choices)
Demonstrates Minecraft’s support yield in a shading coded window
Moreover, Kill effectively on the off chance that it crashes/solidifies
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Backings each form of this form the vanilla launcher does
Framework Requirements:
Java: 32/64 Bit form of Java 7 or Java
Smash: 1 GB (Recommended: at least 2gb)
HDD: 1-2GB of HDD Space (For Mods and Worlds)
Prescribed: Clean establishment envelope to keep away from issues.
How to Activate and introduce Minecraft 1.15.2 Cracked Launcher?
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Open the Launcher.exe
Make another profile
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Ice Lakes For Mac
Let's start a thread regarding updates and development of the game. As you might have noticed in the previous patch note we are preparing a huge content update, which will be released in June. Here are some details of the upcoming MEGA UPDATE! - Ice fishing cabins - 3 new fish species: Bluegill, crappie and flounder - 2 new maps - 2 new jig types: Spinners and spoons - 2 new characters - 40. Let's start a thread regarding updates and development of the game. As you might have noticed in the previous patch note we are preparing a huge content update, which will be released in June. Here are some details of the upcoming MEGA UPDATE! - Ice fishing cabins - 3 new fish species: Bluegill, crappie and flounder - 2 new maps - 2 new jig types: Spinners and spoons - 2 new characters - 40.
###IMPORTANT### Ice Lakes 3D graphics require devices with more than 1GB RAM, so please note that iPhone 4/4s, iPad 2/mini, iPod Touch 5 or older devices are NOT supported. Ice Lakes is an ultimate ice fishing game with a sandbox approach to wintertime fishing. Rare subject, stunning graphics, real.
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Things to Bring: Your own bedding, poles/tackle and bait, slusher, chisel, tape measure, etc.
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CONTENTS
1. Why Need iDVD Alternative
2. The Best iDVD Alternative for Mac (Include Tutorials about burning DVD)
3. Other 3 Useful iDVD Alternatives
Why Need iDVD Alternative
iDVD alternatives are programs which can burn DVD on Mac and have the same or even more functions than iDVD. The reasons for why need iDVD alternative are as below:
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e. Create photo slideshows.
My review：Burn is totally free and has an easy-to-use interface. It is suitable for newbies. But there is no edit function and you need to convert your media files to MP3 and MPG before burning. It's a shame that there is no technical support team to help you when you meet some problems.
2. Simply Burns
Key features:
a. A Mac OS X application with a GUI, which allows the user to burn CD / DVD media.
b. An open-source project and without charge.
c. Create DVD & CD from data, audios, videos, and images.
d. It's not a dedicated DVD authoring software, but you can use its 1:1 mode to obtain exact copy of the content.
My Review: It's not a dedicated DVD authoring software but it's feasible to save contents to DVD. However, it will crash sometimes. Version 428 of this product is not compatible with macOS Catalina and later.
3. Express Burn
Key features:
a. Free DVD burner that you can burn data on DVD/Blu-ray
b. Create and record ISO images.
c. Create menus and chapters
d. Ultra-fast and user-friendly
My review: There is little difference between its free version and paid version. So, just use its free version.
In conclusion, if you can't find iDVD on Mac or you want to add special visual effects to your DVD, then you can select one of the 4 best iDVD alternatives to burn DVD according to your need. Hope this article can help you.
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The Mac OS sierra varied from its successors with progressive highlights that pulled the working framework into radical development in the market. The general look and intrigue of the working framework underuse appeared to be the motivation behind why the end-clients cherished the working framework upon its discharge. Here are a few highlights you should not miss in the event that you are a Mac OS sierra client.
This tech highlight enables you to combine your preferred Macintosh gadget with your MacBook or a Macintosh PC. This is an element that will be extremely helpful for persevering experts who are on a steady run. All things considered, the reasonableness with the element. Presently for this component to work you need a Mac that is 2013 or more seasoned. There is a period of flight highlight that is soaked up inside the element to keep assaults from transfer utilization so your gadget is additionally not abused.
The Code-sign plate highlight would assist the designer with adding his very own mark so it can’t be altered by an aggressor. In the event that the assailant attempts to contaminate the product with his pernicious code, he would need to re-compose his documents under another record circle that won’t be passed by the Gatekeeper.
The general clipboard is the partner with the auto-open element. In the event that your Mac framework is matched alongside your iOS 10 gadgets, at that point you can share the connections that you have replicated or reorder over the gadgets that are combined alongside your gadgets. This is additionally useful in sharing rich substances like photographs, recordings also over the stages. The general clipboard highlight was all around refreshing by the end-clients because of the coordination of the gadgets over the different apple gadgets.
Presently the Mac clients can utilize different pictures inside a few pictures. This will assist the client in accessing more than each image in turn and is unquestionably a shelter for the individuals who are associated with altering photographs. You can likewise play recordings in the application while there are a few foundation applications that are running behind. There are a ton of other extra adaptabilities too that empowers the image in picture highlight to be a great hit among the clients.
This is a similar element that is available in the past age of the Mac OS arrangement however with a little change. Before you couldn’t set the time at which the night mode must enact, yet with this Sierra OS, you can set the favored time at which you need to flip the night mode. This can be set by heading off to the Preferences tab in the settings instrument. This element was particularly helpful for individuals who work nonstop on their frameworks.
The Mac OS Sierra has a significant redesign in the Gatekeeper UI by including two new security includes that make the use of your framework a lot more secure and spare you from information burglary. There is an Anywhere alternative in the framework inclination tab that enables the client to execute programming programs without getting consent to run the equivalent.
Framework Requirements
MacBook Pro – Mid 2010 or later.
MacBook Air – Late 2010 or later.
Mac smaller than expected – Mid 2010 or later.
Mac Pro – Mid 2010 or later.
iMac-2009 or later.
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Learning Typescript In 30 Minutes
Today we're getting to take a glance at matter, a compile-to-JavaScript language designed for developers to build massive and sophisticated apps. It inherits several programming ideas from languages like C# and Java that add a lot of discipline and order to the otherwise terribly relaxed and free-typed JavaScript. This tutorial is aimed toward those who are fairly skilful in JavaScript however still beginners are once it involves matter. We've lived most of the fundamentals and key options whereas together with voluminous examples with commented code to assist you see the language in action. Let's begin!
Benefits of Using Typescript
JavaScript is pretty smart because it is and you'll surprise Do I actually ought to learn Typescript? Technically, you are doing not ought to learn matter to be a decent developer, the general public do exactly fine while not it. However, operating with matter undoubtedly has its benefits: Due to the static writing, code written in matter is a lot of sure, and is usually easier to right.
Makes it easier to arrange the code base for terribly massive and complex apps because of modules, namespaces and robust OOP support. Typescript contains a compilation step to JavaScript that catches every kind of errors before they reach runtime and break one thing. The approaching Angular two frameworks is written in matter and it's counseled that developers use the language in their daily use also.
The last purpose is really the foremost necessary to several individuals and is that the main reason to induce them into matter. Angular two is one amongst the most popular frameworks right away and though developers will use regular JavaScript with it, a majority of the tutorials and examples square measure written in TS. As Angular two expands its community, it's natural that a lot of and a lot of individuals are going to be learning matter.
Recent rise of Typescript’s popularity, data from Google Trends. Installation
Installing TypeScript
You will need Node.js and Npm for this tutorial. Go
here
if you don't have them installed.The easiest way to setup Typescript is via
npm
. Using the command below ,we can install the Typescript package globally, making the TS compiler available in all of our projects:
npm install -g typescript
Try opening a terminal anywhere and running tsc -v to see if it has been properly installed.
tsc -v Version 1.8.10
Text editors
Text Editors with TypeScript Support
TypeScript is an open-source project however is developed and maintained by Microsoft and intrinsically was originally supported solely in Microsoft's Visual Studio platform. Nowadays, there are heaps additional text editors and day that either natively or through plugins provide support for the matter syntax, auto-complete suggestions, error catching, and even integral compilers.
1.
Visual Studio Code
- Microsoft's other, lightweight open-source code editor. TypeScript support is built in.2. Official
Free Plugin
for Sublime Text.3. The latest version of
WebStorm
comes with built in support.4.
More
including Vim, Atom, Emacs and others
Compilation
Compiling to JavaScript
TypeScript is written in .ts files (or .tsx for JSX), that cannot be used directly within the browser and want to be translated to vanilla .js first. This compilation method is often worn out variety of various ways: · In the terminal using the previously mentioned command line tool tsc.· Directly in Visual Studio or some of the other IDEs and text editors.· Using automated task runners such as
gulp
.
We found the first way to be easiest and most beginner friendly, so that's what we're going to use in our lesson.The following command takes a TypeScript file named main.ts and translates it into its JavaScript version main.js. If main.js already exists it will be overwritten.
tsc main.ts
We can also compile multiple files at once by listing all of them or by applying wildcards:
# Will result in separate .js files: main.js worker.js. tsc main.ts worker.ts # Compiles all .ts files in the current folder. Does NOT work recursively. tsc *.ts
We can also use the --watch option to automatically compile a TypeScript file when changes are made:
# Initializes a watcher process that will keep main.js up to date. tsc main.ts --watch
More advanced TypeScript matter users may produce a tsconfig.json file, consisting of varied build settings. A configuration file is incredibly handy once acting on massive comes with variant .ts files since it somewhat automates the method. You’ll be able to browse additional concerning tsconfig.json within the matter docs
here
Static typing
Static Typing
A very delicacy of matter is that the support of static writing. This suggests that you simply will declare the categories of variables, and therefore the compiler can make certain that they don't seem to be assigned the incorrect kinds of values. If kind declarations are omitted, they're going to be inferred mechanically from your code.Here is an example. Any variable, operate argument or come price will have its kind outlined on initialization:
var burger: string = 'hamburger', // String calories: number = 300, // Numeric tasty: boolean = true; // Boolean // Alternatively, you can omit the type declaration: // var burger = 'hamburger'; // The function expects a string and an integer. // It doesn't return anything so the type of the function itself is void. function speak(food: string, energy: number): void { console.log("Our " + food + " has " + energy + " calories."); } speak(burger, calories);
Because TypeScript is compiled to JavaScript, and the latter has no idea what types are, they are completely removed:
// JavaScript code from the above TS example. var burger = 'hamburger', calories = 300, tasty = true; function speak(food, energy) { console.log("Our " + food + " has " + energy + " calories."); } speak(burger, calories);
However, if we try to do something illegal, on compilation tsc will warn us that there is an error in our code. For example:
// The given type is boolean, the provided value is a string. var tasty: boolean = "I haven't tried it yet"; main.ts(1,5): error TS2322: Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'boolean'.
It will also warn us if we pass the wrong argument to a function:
function speak(food: string, energy: number): void{ console.log("Our " + food + " has " + energy + " calories."); } // Arguments don't match the function parameters. speak("tripple cheesburger", "a ton of"); main.ts(5,30): error TS2345: Argument of type 'string' is not assignable to parameter of type 'number'.
Here are some of the most commonly used data types:
· Number - All numeric values are represented by the number type, there aren't separate definitions for integers, floats or others.· String - The text type, just like in vanilla JS strings can be surrounded by 'single quotes' or "double quotes".· Boolean - true or false, using 0 and 1 will cause a compilation error.· Any - A variable with this type can have it's value set to a string, number, or anything else.· Arrays - Has two possible syntaxes: my_arr: number[]; or my_arr: Array<number>.· Void - Used on function that don't return anything.To see a list of all of the available types, go to the official TypeScript docs -
here
.
Interfaces
Interfaces
// Here we define our Food interface, its properties, and their types. interface Food { name: string; calories: number; } // We tell our function to expect an object that fulfills the Food interface. // This way we know that the properties we need will always be available. function speak(food: Food): void{ console.log("Our " + food.name + " has " + food.calories + " calories."); } // We define an object that has all of the properties the Food interface expects. // Notice that types will be inferred automatically. var ice_cream = { name: "ice cream", calories: 200 } speak(ice_cream);
The order of the properties does NOT matter. We just need the required properties to be present and to be the right type. If something is missing, has the wrong type, or is named differently, the compiler will warn us.
interface Food { name: string; calories: number; } function speak(food: Food): void{ console.log("Our " + food.name + " has " + food.calories + " grams."); } // We've made a deliberate mistake and name is misspelled as nmae. var ice_cream = { nmae: "ice cream", calories: 200 } speak(ice_cream); main.ts(16,7): error TS2345: Argument of type '{ nmae: string; calories: number; } is not assignable to parameter of type 'Food'. Property 'name' is missing in type '{ nmae: string; calories: number; }'.
This is a beginner’s guide so we won't be going into more detail about interfaces. However, there is a lot more to them than what we've mentioned here so we recommend you check out the TypeScript docs -
here
.
Classes and loop
Classes
When building giant scale apps, the article orientated type of programming is most popular by several developers, most notably in languages like Java or C#. Matter offers a category system that's terribly the same as the one in these languages, together with inheritance, abstract categories, interface implementations, setters/getters, and more. It's also truthful to say that since the foremost recent JavaScript update (ECMAScript 2015), categories are native to vanilla JS and may be used while not matter. The 2 implementation are terribly similar however have their variations, matter being a touch a lot of strict. Continuing with the food theme, here could be a easy matter class:
class Menu { // Our properties: // By default they are public, but can also be private or protected. items: Array<string>; // The items in the menu, an array of strings. pages: number; // How many pages will the menu be, a number. // A straightforward constructor. constructor(item_list: Array<string>, total_pages: number) { // The this keyword is mandatory. this.items = item_list; this.pages = total_pages; } // Methods list(): void { console.log("Our menu for today:"); for(var i=0; i<this.items.length; i++) { console.log(this.items[i]); } } } // Create a new instance of the Menu class. var sundayMenu = new Menu(["pancakes","waffles","orange juice"], 1); // Call the list method. sundayMenu.list();
Anyone who has written at least a bit of Java or C# should find this syntax comfortably familiar. The same goes for inheritance:
class HappyMeal extends Menu { // Properties are inherited // A new constructor has to be defined. constructor(item_list: Array<string>, total_pages: number) { // In this case we want the exact same constructor as the parent class (Menu), // To automatically copy it we can call super() - a reference to the parent's constructor. super(item_list, total_pages); } // Just like the properties, methods are inherited from the parent. // However, we want to override the list() function so we redefine it. list(): void{ console.log("Our special menu for children:"); for(var i=0; i<this.items.length; i++) { console.log(this.items[i]); } } } // Create a new instance of the HappyMeal class. var menu_for_children = new HappyMeal(["candy","drink","toy"], 1); // This time the log message will begin with the special introduction. menu_for_children.list();
For a more in-depth look at classes in TS you can read the documentation -
here
.
Generics
Generics
Generics area unit templates that enable an equivalent operate to simply accept arguments of varied differing kinds. Making reusable elements victimization generics is healthier than victimization the any information sort, as generics preserve the categories of the variables that go into and out of them.A quick example would be a script that receives an argument and returns an array containing that same argument.
// The <T> after the function name symbolizes that it's a generic function. // When we call the function, every instance of T will be replaced with the actual provided type. // Receives one argument of type T, // Returns an array of type T. function genericFunc<T>(argument: T): T[] { var arrayOfT: T[] = []; // Create empty array of type T. arrayOfT.push(argument); // Push, now arrayOfT = [argument]. return arrayOfT; } var arrayFromString = genericFunc<string>("beep"); console.log(arrayFromString[0]); // "beep" console.log(typeof arrayFromString[0]) // String var arrayFromNumber = genericFunc(42); console.log(arrayFromNumber[0]); // 42 console.log(typeof arrayFromNumber[0]) // number
The first time we have a tendency to known as the perform we have a tendency to manually set the kind to string. This is not needed because the compiler will see what argument has been passed and mechanically decide what kind suits it best, like within the second decision. Though it is not obligatory, providing the kind when is taken into account sensible follow because the compiler may fail to guess the proper type in additional complicated situations. The TypeScript docs include a couple of advanced examples including generics classes, combining them with interfaces, and more. You can find them
here
.
Modules
Modules
Another necessary thought once engaged on giant apps is modularity. Having your code split into several little reusable parts helps your project keep organized and perceivable, compared to having one 10000-line file for everything. TypeScript introduces a syntax for commercialism and mercantilism modules, however cannot handle the particular wiring between files. To change external modules TS depends on third-party libraries: need.js for browser apps and CommonJS for Node.js. Let's take a glance at a straightforward example of matter modules with need.js:We will have two files. One exports a function, the other imports and calls it.
exporter.ts
var sayHi = function(): void { console.log("Hello!"); } export = sayHi;
importer.ts
import sayHi = require('./exporter'); sayHi();
Now we need to download require.js and include it in a script tag - see how
here
. The last step is to compile our two .ts files. An extra parameter needs to be added to tell TypeScript that we are building modules for require.js (also referred to as AMD), as opposed to CommonJS ones.
tsc --module amd *.ts
Modules are quite complex and are out of the scope of this tutorial. If you want to continue reading about them head out to the TS docs -
here
.
Declaration files
Third-party Declaration Files
When employing a library that was originally designed for normal JavaScript, we'd like to use a declaration file to create that library compatible with matter. A declaration file has the extension .d.ts and contains varied data regarding the library and its API. TypeScript declaration files are sometimes written by hand, however there is a high probability that the library you wish already includes a .d.ts. file created by someone else. DefinitelyTyped is that the biggest public repository, containing files for over cardinal libraries. there's additionally a preferred Node.js module for managing matter definitions referred to as Typings. If you still need to write a declaration file yourself, this
guide
will get you started.
Typescript 2.0 features.
Upcoming Features in TypeScript 2.0
TypeScript is still under active development and is evlolving constantly. At the time of the writing of this tutorial the LTS version is 1.8.10, but Microsoft have already released a Beta for TypeScript 2.0. It's available for public testing and you can try it out now:
npm install -g typescript@beta
It introduces some handy new concepts such as:
· Non-nullable types flag which prevents some variables from having their value set to null or undefined.· New improved system for getting declaration files directly with an npm install.· Control flow type analysis that catches errors previously missed by the compiler.· Some innovations in the module export/import syntax.
Another long-awaited feature is the ability to control the flow of asynchronous functions in an async/await block. This should be available in a future 2.1 update.
Conclusion
We hope you enjoyed this tutorial! Do you have any thoughts on matter and would you concentrate on victimization it in your projects? Be happy to depart a comment below!
We will be happy to answer your questions on designing, developing, and deploying comprehensive enterprise web, mobile apps and customized software solutions that best fit your organization needs. As a reputed Software Solutions Developer we have expertise in providing dedicated remote and outsourced technical resources for software services at very nominal cost. Besides experts in full stacks We also build web solutions, mobile apps and work on system integration, performance enhancement, cloud migrations and big data analytics. Don’t hesitate to
get in touch with us!
0 notes
Text
Learning Typescript In 30 Minutes
Today we're getting to take a glance at matter, a compile-to-JavaScript language designed for developers to build massive and sophisticated apps. It inherits several programming ideas from languages like C# and Java that add a lot of discipline and order to the otherwise terribly relaxed and free-typed JavaScript. This tutorial is aimed toward those who are fairly skilful in JavaScript however still beginners are once it involves matter. We've lived most of the fundamentals and key options whereas together with voluminous examples with commented code to assist you see the language in action. Let's begin!
Benefits of Using Typescript
JavaScript is pretty smart because it is and you'll surprise Do I actually ought to learn Typescript? Technically, you are doing not ought to learn matter to be a decent developer, the general public do exactly fine while not it. However, operating with matter undoubtedly has its benefits: Due to the static writing, code written in matter is a lot of sure, and is usually easier to right.
Makes it easier to arrange the code base for terribly massive and complex apps because of modules, namespaces and robust OOP support. Typescript contains a compilation step to JavaScript that catches every kind of errors before they reach runtime and break one thing. The approaching Angular two frameworks is written in matter and it's counseled that developers use the language in their daily use also.
The last purpose is really the foremost necessary to several individuals and is that the main reason to induce them into matter. Angular two is one amongst the most popular frameworks right away and though developers will use regular JavaScript with it, a majority of the tutorials and examples square measure written in TS. As Angular two expands its community, it's natural that a lot of and a lot of individuals are going to be learning matter.
Recent rise of Typescript’s popularity, data from Google Trends. Installation
Installing TypeScript
You will need Node.js and Npm for this tutorial. Go
here
if you don't have them installed.The easiest way to setup Typescript is via
npm
. Using the command below ,we can install the Typescript package globally, making the TS compiler available in all of our projects:
npm install -g typescript
Try opening a terminal anywhere and running tsc -v to see if it has been properly installed.
tsc -v Version 1.8.10
Text editors
Text Editors with TypeScript Support
TypeScript is an open-source project however is developed and maintained by Microsoft and intrinsically was originally supported solely in Microsoft's Visual Studio platform. Nowadays, there are heaps additional text editors and day that either natively or through plugins provide support for the matter syntax, auto-complete suggestions, error catching, and even integral compilers.
1.
Visual Studio Code
- Microsoft's other, lightweight open-source code editor. TypeScript support is built in.2. Official
Free Plugin
for Sublime Text.3. The latest version of
WebStorm
comes with built in support.4.
More
including Vim, Atom, Emacs and others
Compilation
Compiling to JavaScript
TypeScript is written in .ts files (or .tsx for JSX), that cannot be used directly within the browser and want to be translated to vanilla .js first. This compilation method is often worn out variety of various ways: · In the terminal using the previously mentioned command line tool tsc.· Directly in Visual Studio or some of the other IDEs and text editors.· Using automated task runners such as
gulp
.
We found the first way to be easiest and most beginner friendly, so that's what we're going to use in our lesson.The following command takes a TypeScript file named main.ts and translates it into its JavaScript version main.js. If main.js already exists it will be overwritten.
tsc main.ts
We can also compile multiple files at once by listing all of them or by applying wildcards:
# Will result in separate .js files: main.js worker.js. tsc main.ts worker.ts # Compiles all .ts files in the current folder. Does NOT work recursively. tsc *.ts
We can also use the --watch option to automatically compile a TypeScript file when changes are made:
# Initializes a watcher process that will keep main.js up to date. tsc main.ts --watch
More advanced TypeScript matter users may produce a tsconfig.json file, consisting of varied build settings. A configuration file is incredibly handy once acting on massive comes with variant .ts files since it somewhat automates the method. You’ll be able to browse additional concerning tsconfig.json within the matter docs
here
Static typing
Static Typing
A very delicacy of matter is that the support of static writing. This suggests that you simply will declare the categories of variables, and therefore the compiler can make certain that they don't seem to be assigned the incorrect kinds of values. If kind declarations are omitted, they're going to be inferred mechanically from your code.Here is an example. Any variable, operate argument or come price will have its kind outlined on initialization:
var burger: string = 'hamburger', // String calories: number = 300, // Numeric tasty: boolean = true; // Boolean // Alternatively, you can omit the type declaration: // var burger = 'hamburger'; // The function expects a string and an integer. // It doesn't return anything so the type of the function itself is void. function speak(food: string, energy: number): void { console.log("Our " + food + " has " + energy + " calories."); } speak(burger, calories);
Because TypeScript is compiled to JavaScript, and the latter has no idea what types are, they are completely removed:
// JavaScript code from the above TS example. var burger = 'hamburger', calories = 300, tasty = true; function speak(food, energy) { console.log("Our " + food + " has " + energy + " calories."); } speak(burger, calories);
However, if we try to do something illegal, on compilation tsc will warn us that there is an error in our code. For example:
// The given type is boolean, the provided value is a string. var tasty: boolean = "I haven't tried it yet"; main.ts(1,5): error TS2322: Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'boolean'.
It will also warn us if we pass the wrong argument to a function:
function speak(food: string, energy: number): void{ console.log("Our " + food + " has " + energy + " calories."); } // Arguments don't match the function parameters. speak("tripple cheesburger", "a ton of"); main.ts(5,30): error TS2345: Argument of type 'string' is not assignable to parameter of type 'number'.
Here are some of the most commonly used data types:
· Number - All numeric values are represented by the number type, there aren't separate definitions for integers, floats or others.· String - The text type, just like in vanilla JS strings can be surrounded by 'single quotes' or "double quotes".· Boolean - true or false, using 0 and 1 will cause a compilation error.· Any - A variable with this type can have it's value set to a string, number, or anything else.· Arrays - Has two possible syntaxes: my_arr: number[]; or my_arr: Array<number>.· Void - Used on function that don't return anything.To see a list of all of the available types, go to the official TypeScript docs -
here
.
Interfaces
Interfaces
// Here we define our Food interface, its properties, and their types. interface Food { name: string; calories: number; } // We tell our function to expect an object that fulfills the Food interface. // This way we know that the properties we need will always be available. function speak(food: Food): void{ console.log("Our " + food.name + " has " + food.calories + " calories."); } // We define an object that has all of the properties the Food interface expects. // Notice that types will be inferred automatically. var ice_cream = { name: "ice cream", calories: 200 } speak(ice_cream);
The order of the properties does NOT matter. We just need the required properties to be present and to be the right type. If something is missing, has the wrong type, or is named differently, the compiler will warn us.
interface Food { name: string; calories: number; } function speak(food: Food): void{ console.log("Our " + food.name + " has " + food.calories + " grams."); } // We've made a deliberate mistake and name is misspelled as nmae. var ice_cream = { nmae: "ice cream", calories: 200 } speak(ice_cream); main.ts(16,7): error TS2345: Argument of type '{ nmae: string; calories: number; } is not assignable to parameter of type 'Food'. Property 'name' is missing in type '{ nmae: string; calories: number; }'.
This is a beginner’s guide so we won't be going into more detail about interfaces. However, there is a lot more to them than what we've mentioned here so we recommend you check out the TypeScript docs -
here
.
Classes and loop
Classes
When building giant scale apps, the article orientated type of programming is most popular by several developers, most notably in languages like Java or C#. Matter offers a category system that's terribly the same as the one in these languages, together with inheritance, abstract categories, interface implementations, setters/getters, and more. It's also truthful to say that since the foremost recent JavaScript update (ECMAScript 2015), categories are native to vanilla JS and may be used while not matter. The 2 implementation are terribly similar however have their variations, matter being a touch a lot of strict. Continuing with the food theme, here could be a easy matter class:
class Menu { // Our properties: // By default they are public, but can also be private or protected. items: Array<string>; // The items in the menu, an array of strings. pages: number; // How many pages will the menu be, a number. // A straightforward constructor. constructor(item_list: Array<string>, total_pages: number) { // The this keyword is mandatory. this.items = item_list; this.pages = total_pages; } // Methods list(): void { console.log("Our menu for today:"); for(var i=0; i<this.items.length; i++) { console.log(this.items[i]); } } } // Create a new instance of the Menu class. var sundayMenu = new Menu(["pancakes","waffles","orange juice"], 1); // Call the list method. sundayMenu.list();
Anyone who has written at least a bit of Java or C# should find this syntax comfortably familiar. The same goes for inheritance:
class HappyMeal extends Menu { // Properties are inherited // A new constructor has to be defined. constructor(item_list: Array<string>, total_pages: number) { // In this case we want the exact same constructor as the parent class (Menu), // To automatically copy it we can call super() - a reference to the parent's constructor. super(item_list, total_pages); } // Just like the properties, methods are inherited from the parent. // However, we want to override the list() function so we redefine it. list(): void{ console.log("Our special menu for children:"); for(var i=0; i<this.items.length; i++) { console.log(this.items[i]); } } } // Create a new instance of the HappyMeal class. var menu_for_children = new HappyMeal(["candy","drink","toy"], 1); // This time the log message will begin with the special introduction. menu_for_children.list();
For a more in-depth look at classes in TS you can read the documentation -
here
.
Generics
Generics
Generics area unit templates that enable an equivalent operate to simply accept arguments of varied differing kinds. Making reusable elements victimization generics is healthier than victimization the any information sort, as generics preserve the categories of the variables that go into and out of them.A quick example would be a script that receives an argument and returns an array containing that same argument.
// The <T> after the function name symbolizes that it's a generic function. // When we call the function, every instance of T will be replaced with the actual provided type. // Receives one argument of type T, // Returns an array of type T. function genericFunc<T>(argument: T): T[] { var arrayOfT: T[] = []; // Create empty array of type T. arrayOfT.push(argument); // Push, now arrayOfT = [argument]. return arrayOfT; } var arrayFromString = genericFunc<string>("beep"); console.log(arrayFromString[0]); // "beep" console.log(typeof arrayFromString[0]) // String var arrayFromNumber = genericFunc(42); console.log(arrayFromNumber[0]); // 42 console.log(typeof arrayFromNumber[0]) // number
The first time we have a tendency to known as the perform we have a tendency to manually set the kind to string. This is not needed because the compiler will see what argument has been passed and mechanically decide what kind suits it best, like within the second decision. Though it is not obligatory, providing the kind when is taken into account sensible follow because the compiler may fail to guess the proper type in additional complicated situations. The TypeScript docs include a couple of advanced examples including generics classes, combining them with interfaces, and more. You can find them
here
.
Modules
Modules
Another necessary thought once engaged on giant apps is modularity. Having your code split into several little reusable parts helps your project keep organized and perceivable, compared to having one 10000-line file for everything. TypeScript introduces a syntax for commercialism and mercantilism modules, however cannot handle the particular wiring between files. To change external modules TS depends on third-party libraries: need.js for browser apps and CommonJS for Node.js. Let's take a glance at a straightforward example of matter modules with need.js:We will have two files. One exports a function, the other imports and calls it.
exporter.ts
var sayHi = function(): void { console.log("Hello!"); } export = sayHi;
importer.ts
import sayHi = require('./exporter'); sayHi();
Now we need to download require.js and include it in a script tag - see how
here
. The last step is to compile our two .ts files. An extra parameter needs to be added to tell TypeScript that we are building modules for require.js (also referred to as AMD), as opposed to CommonJS ones.
tsc --module amd *.ts
Modules are quite complex and are out of the scope of this tutorial. If you want to continue reading about them head out to the TS docs -
here
.
Declaration files
Third-party Declaration Files
When employing a library that was originally designed for normal JavaScript, we'd like to use a declaration file to create that library compatible with matter. A declaration file has the extension .d.ts and contains varied data regarding the library and its API. TypeScript declaration files are sometimes written by hand, however there is a high probability that the library you wish already includes a .d.ts. file created by someone else. DefinitelyTyped is that the biggest public repository, containing files for over cardinal libraries. there's additionally a preferred Node.js module for managing matter definitions referred to as Typings. If you still need to write a declaration file yourself, this
guide
will get you started.
Typescript 2.0 features.
Upcoming Features in TypeScript 2.0
TypeScript is still under active development and is evlolving constantly. At the time of the writing of this tutorial the LTS version is 1.8.10, but Microsoft have already released a Beta for TypeScript 2.0. It's available for public testing and you can try it out now:
npm install -g typescript@beta
It introduces some handy new concepts such as:
· Non-nullable types flag which prevents some variables from having their value set to null or undefined.· New improved system for getting declaration files directly with an npm install.· Control flow type analysis that catches errors previously missed by the compiler.· Some innovations in the module export/import syntax.
Another long-awaited feature is the ability to control the flow of asynchronous functions in an async/await block. This should be available in a future 2.1 update.
Conclusion
We hope you enjoyed this tutorial! Do you have any thoughts on matter and would you concentrate on victimization it in your projects? Be happy to depart a comment below!
We will be happy to answer your questions on designing, developing, and deploying comprehensive enterprise web, mobile apps and customized software solutions that best fit your organization needs. As a reputed Software Solutions Developer we have expertise in providing dedicated remote and outsourced technical resources for software services at very nominal cost. Besides experts in full stacks We also build web solutions, mobile apps and work on system integration, performance enhancement, cloud migrations and big data analytics. Don’t hesitate to
get in touch with us!
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#b2b ecommerce
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Learning Typescript In 30 Minutes
Today we're getting to take a glance at matter, a compile-to-JavaScript language designed for developers to build massive and sophisticated apps. It inherits several programming ideas from languages like C# and Java that add a lot of discipline and order to the otherwise terribly relaxed and free-typed JavaScript. This tutorial is aimed toward those who are fairly skilful in JavaScript however still beginners are once it involves matter. We've lived most of the fundamentals and key options whereas together with voluminous examples with commented code to assist you see the language in action. Let's begin!
Benefits of Using Typescript
JavaScript is pretty smart because it is and you'll surprise Do I actually ought to learn Typescript? Technically, you are doing not ought to learn matter to be a decent developer, the general public do exactly fine while not it. However, operating with matter undoubtedly has its benefits: Due to the static writing, code written in matter is a lot of sure, and is usually easier to right.
Makes it easier to arrange the code base for terribly massive and complex apps because of modules, namespaces and robust OOP support. Typescript contains a compilation step to JavaScript that catches every kind of errors before they reach runtime and break one thing. The approaching Angular two frameworks is written in matter and it's counseled that developers use the language in their daily use also.
The last purpose is really the foremost necessary to several individuals and is that the main reason to induce them into matter. Angular two is one amongst the most popular frameworks right away and though developers will use regular JavaScript with it, a majority of the tutorials and examples square measure written in TS. As Angular two expands its community, it's natural that a lot of and a lot of individuals are going to be learning matter.
Recent rise of Typescript’s popularity, data from Google Trends. Installation
Installing TypeScript
You will need Node.js and Npm for this tutorial. Go
here
if you don't have them installed.The easiest way to setup Typescript is via
npm
. Using the command below ,we can install the Typescript package globally, making the TS compiler available in all of our projects:
npm install -g typescript
Try opening a terminal anywhere and running tsc -v to see if it has been properly installed.
tsc -v Version 1.8.10
Text editors
Text Editors with TypeScript Support
TypeScript is an open-source project however is developed and maintained by Microsoft and intrinsically was originally supported solely in Microsoft's Visual Studio platform. Nowadays, there are heaps additional text editors and day that either natively or through plugins provide support for the matter syntax, auto-complete suggestions, error catching, and even integral compilers.
1.
Visual Studio Code
- Microsoft's other, lightweight open-source code editor. TypeScript support is built in.2. Official
Free Plugin
for Sublime Text.3. The latest version of
WebStorm
comes with built in support.4.
More
including Vim, Atom, Emacs and others
Compilation
Compiling to JavaScript
TypeScript is written in .ts files (or .tsx for JSX), that cannot be used directly within the browser and want to be translated to vanilla .js first. This compilation method is often worn out variety of various ways: · In the terminal using the previously mentioned command line tool tsc.· Directly in Visual Studio or some of the other IDEs and text editors.· Using automated task runners such as
gulp
.
We found the first way to be easiest and most beginner friendly, so that's what we're going to use in our lesson.The following command takes a TypeScript file named main.ts and translates it into its JavaScript version main.js. If main.js already exists it will be overwritten.
tsc main.ts
We can also compile multiple files at once by listing all of them or by applying wildcards:
# Will result in separate .js files: main.js worker.js. tsc main.ts worker.ts # Compiles all .ts files in the current folder. Does NOT work recursively. tsc *.ts
We can also use the --watch option to automatically compile a TypeScript file when changes are made:
# Initializes a watcher process that will keep main.js up to date. tsc main.ts --watch
More advanced TypeScript matter users may produce a tsconfig.json file, consisting of varied build settings. A configuration file is incredibly handy once acting on massive comes with variant .ts files since it somewhat automates the method. You’ll be able to browse additional concerning tsconfig.json within the matter docs
here
Static typing
Static Typing
A very delicacy of matter is that the support of static writing. This suggests that you simply will declare the categories of variables, and therefore the compiler can make certain that they don't seem to be assigned the incorrect kinds of values. If kind declarations are omitted, they're going to be inferred mechanically from your code.Here is an example. Any variable, operate argument or come price will have its kind outlined on initialization:
var burger: string = 'hamburger', // String calories: number = 300, // Numeric tasty: boolean = true; // Boolean // Alternatively, you can omit the type declaration: // var burger = 'hamburger'; // The function expects a string and an integer. // It doesn't return anything so the type of the function itself is void. function speak(food: string, energy: number): void { console.log("Our " + food + " has " + energy + " calories."); } speak(burger, calories);
Because TypeScript is compiled to JavaScript, and the latter has no idea what types are, they are completely removed:
// JavaScript code from the above TS example. var burger = 'hamburger', calories = 300, tasty = true; function speak(food, energy) { console.log("Our " + food + " has " + energy + " calories."); } speak(burger, calories);
However, if we try to do something illegal, on compilation tsc will warn us that there is an error in our code. For example:
// The given type is boolean, the provided value is a string. var tasty: boolean = "I haven't tried it yet"; main.ts(1,5): error TS2322: Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'boolean'.
It will also warn us if we pass the wrong argument to a function:
function speak(food: string, energy: number): void{ console.log("Our " + food + " has " + energy + " calories."); } // Arguments don't match the function parameters. speak("tripple cheesburger", "a ton of"); main.ts(5,30): error TS2345: Argument of type 'string' is not assignable to parameter of type 'number'.
Here are some of the most commonly used data types:
· Number - All numeric values are represented by the number type, there aren't separate definitions for integers, floats or others.· String - The text type, just like in vanilla JS strings can be surrounded by 'single quotes' or "double quotes".· Boolean - true or false, using 0 and 1 will cause a compilation error.· Any - A variable with this type can have it's value set to a string, number, or anything else.· Arrays - Has two possible syntaxes: my_arr: number[]; or my_arr: Array<number>.· Void - Used on function that don't return anything.To see a list of all of the available types, go to the official TypeScript docs -
here
.
Interfaces
Interfaces
// Here we define our Food interface, its properties, and their types. interface Food { name: string; calories: number; } // We tell our function to expect an object that fulfills the Food interface. // This way we know that the properties we need will always be available. function speak(food: Food): void{ console.log("Our " + food.name + " has " + food.calories + " calories."); } // We define an object that has all of the properties the Food interface expects. // Notice that types will be inferred automatically. var ice_cream = { name: "ice cream", calories: 200 } speak(ice_cream);
The order of the properties does NOT matter. We just need the required properties to be present and to be the right type. If something is missing, has the wrong type, or is named differently, the compiler will warn us.
interface Food { name: string; calories: number; } function speak(food: Food): void{ console.log("Our " + food.name + " has " + food.calories + " grams."); } // We've made a deliberate mistake and name is misspelled as nmae. var ice_cream = { nmae: "ice cream", calories: 200 } speak(ice_cream); main.ts(16,7): error TS2345: Argument of type '{ nmae: string; calories: number; } is not assignable to parameter of type 'Food'. Property 'name' is missing in type '{ nmae: string; calories: number; }'.
This is a beginner’s guide so we won't be going into more detail about interfaces. However, there is a lot more to them than what we've mentioned here so we recommend you check out the TypeScript docs -
here
.
Classes and loop
Classes
When building giant scale apps, the article orientated type of programming is most popular by several developers, most notably in languages like Java or C#. Matter offers a category system that's terribly the same as the one in these languages, together with inheritance, abstract categories, interface implementations, setters/getters, and more. It's also truthful to say that since the foremost recent JavaScript update (ECMAScript 2015), categories are native to vanilla JS and may be used while not matter. The 2 implementation are terribly similar however have their variations, matter being a touch a lot of strict. Continuing with the food theme, here could be a easy matter class:
class Menu { // Our properties: // By default they are public, but can also be private or protected. items: Array<string>; // The items in the menu, an array of strings. pages: number; // How many pages will the menu be, a number. // A straightforward constructor. constructor(item_list: Array<string>, total_pages: number) { // The this keyword is mandatory. this.items = item_list; this.pages = total_pages; } // Methods list(): void { console.log("Our menu for today:"); for(var i=0; i<this.items.length; i++) { console.log(this.items[i]); } } } // Create a new instance of the Menu class. var sundayMenu = new Menu(["pancakes","waffles","orange juice"], 1); // Call the list method. sundayMenu.list();
Anyone who has written at least a bit of Java or C# should find this syntax comfortably familiar. The same goes for inheritance:
class HappyMeal extends Menu { // Properties are inherited // A new constructor has to be defined. constructor(item_list: Array<string>, total_pages: number) { // In this case we want the exact same constructor as the parent class (Menu), // To automatically copy it we can call super() - a reference to the parent's constructor. super(item_list, total_pages); } // Just like the properties, methods are inherited from the parent. // However, we want to override the list() function so we redefine it. list(): void{ console.log("Our special menu for children:"); for(var i=0; i<this.items.length; i++) { console.log(this.items[i]); } } } // Create a new instance of the HappyMeal class. var menu_for_children = new HappyMeal(["candy","drink","toy"], 1); // This time the log message will begin with the special introduction. menu_for_children.list();
For a more in-depth look at classes in TS you can read the documentation -
here
.
Generics
Generics
Generics area unit templates that enable an equivalent operate to simply accept arguments of varied differing kinds. Making reusable elements victimization generics is healthier than victimization the any information sort, as generics preserve the categories of the variables that go into and out of them.A quick example would be a script that receives an argument and returns an array containing that same argument.
// The <T> after the function name symbolizes that it's a generic function. // When we call the function, every instance of T will be replaced with the actual provided type. // Receives one argument of type T, // Returns an array of type T. function genericFunc<T>(argument: T): T[] { var arrayOfT: T[] = []; // Create empty array of type T. arrayOfT.push(argument); // Push, now arrayOfT = [argument]. return arrayOfT; } var arrayFromString = genericFunc<string>("beep"); console.log(arrayFromString[0]); // "beep" console.log(typeof arrayFromString[0]) // String var arrayFromNumber = genericFunc(42); console.log(arrayFromNumber[0]); // 42 console.log(typeof arrayFromNumber[0]) // number
The first time we have a tendency to known as the perform we have a tendency to manually set the kind to string. This is not needed because the compiler will see what argument has been passed and mechanically decide what kind suits it best, like within the second decision. Though it is not obligatory, providing the kind when is taken into account sensible follow because the compiler may fail to guess the proper type in additional complicated situations. The TypeScript docs include a couple of advanced examples including generics classes, combining them with interfaces, and more. You can find them
here
.
Modules
Modules
Another necessary thought once engaged on giant apps is modularity. Having your code split into several little reusable parts helps your project keep organized and perceivable, compared to having one 10000-line file for everything. TypeScript introduces a syntax for commercialism and mercantilism modules, however cannot handle the particular wiring between files. To change external modules TS depends on third-party libraries: need.js for browser apps and CommonJS for Node.js. Let's take a glance at a straightforward example of matter modules with need.js:We will have two files. One exports a function, the other imports and calls it.
exporter.ts
var sayHi = function(): void { console.log("Hello!"); } export = sayHi;
importer.ts
import sayHi = require('./exporter'); sayHi();
Now we need to download require.js and include it in a script tag - see how
here
. The last step is to compile our two .ts files. An extra parameter needs to be added to tell TypeScript that we are building modules for require.js (also referred to as AMD), as opposed to CommonJS ones.
tsc --module amd *.ts
Modules are quite complex and are out of the scope of this tutorial. If you want to continue reading about them head out to the TS docs -
here
.
Declaration files
Third-party Declaration Files
When employing a library that was originally designed for normal JavaScript, we'd like to use a declaration file to create that library compatible with matter. A declaration file has the extension .d.ts and contains varied data regarding the library and its API. TypeScript declaration files are sometimes written by hand, however there is a high probability that the library you wish already includes a .d.ts. file created by someone else. DefinitelyTyped is that the biggest public repository, containing files for over cardinal libraries. there's additionally a preferred Node.js module for managing matter definitions referred to as Typings. If you still need to write a declaration file yourself, this
guide
will get you started.
Typescript 2.0 features.
Upcoming Features in TypeScript 2.0
TypeScript is still under active development and is evlolving constantly. At the time of the writing of this tutorial the LTS version is 1.8.10, but Microsoft have already released a Beta for TypeScript 2.0. It's available for public testing and you can try it out now:
npm install -g typescript@beta
It introduces some handy new concepts such as:
· Non-nullable types flag which prevents some variables from having their value set to null or undefined.· New improved system for getting declaration files directly with an npm install.· Control flow type analysis that catches errors previously missed by the compiler.· Some innovations in the module export/import syntax.
Another long-awaited feature is the ability to control the flow of asynchronous functions in an async/await block. This should be available in a future 2.1 update.
Conclusion
We hope you enjoyed this tutorial! Do you have any thoughts on matter and would you concentrate on victimization it in your projects? Be happy to depart a comment below!
We will be happy to answer your questions on designing, developing, and deploying comprehensive enterprise web, mobile apps and customized software solutions that best fit your organization needs. As a reputed Software Solutions Developer we have expertise in providing dedicated remote and outsourced technical resources for software services at very nominal cost. Besides experts in full stacks We also build web solutions, mobile apps and work on system integration, performance enhancement, cloud migrations and big data analytics. Don’t hesitate to
get in touch with us!
0 notes
Text
Gotta Print'em All!
Ah yes, yet another Story Time post dedicated to Pokèmon. Can you blame me? These collectable monsters were 1990's absolute most important craze ever! Everyone born during that decade's first half knew about them and, to an extent, everyone was a Pokèfan, even kids who never owned a Game Boy nor played its core series: this because our market was overflown with Pokèmon merchandise; trading cards, cartoons, magazines, not to mention bajillions of plushies and toys, videogames were supposed to represent Pokèmon's core yet at the time they only seemed icing on the cake. The only thing missing was a program allowing fans to create their own official Pokèmon gadgets. Except, such thing actually existed!
Pokèmon Project Studio is its international title, but I’ll always refer to this program with its italian translation: Pokèmon Stampali Tutti!. And what a weird nifty creation this was: more than a proper videogame, Project Studio would be better classified as a design maker, allowing its users to create Pokèmon themed envelopes, postcards, stationery tools, printable toys, and even stickers, temporary tattoos and jewerly if you had suitable paper available for your printer. Everything could be decorated with Nintendo's official clipart from such franchise. This software was made by third party developers The Learning Company in late 1999, and distribuited in two different versions: Red and Blue. I had the Red one: dad downloaded it from work as soon as it came out, knowing my passion for both Pokèmon and drawing programs. There's no real reason why there were two different versions available, other than of course, piggybacking on the Game Boy's core series' success in hope they would sell more copies. Infact, there's absolutely no way of linking the two versions together, and no reason whatsoever, since Project Studio obviously lacks story or any kind of gaming mechanics! To add insult to injury, some Pokèmon grahpics were missing from Red and exclusive for Blue, and vice versa (Tauros was a Red-only monster, for example). In short, if you wanted to print out a complete Pokèdex, you needed both programs installed; utterly useless and clearly obvious excuse to rack up more cash. At least both Red and Blue had some Mew cliparts!
With its menu and window layout mostly structured like a 1st generation Pokèdex, Project Studio offered various “creation wizards” or templates so its young users would learn how to craft: there were birthday kits which included banners, invitations and thank you cards, or guides for paper planes, fortune tellers, picture frames, or even simple stationery or sticker makers. Apart from Pokèmon cliparts, other graphics like anime human characters (you know, the classic Ash/Brock/Misty trio or Team Rocket), background sceneries, seamless patterns and textures were provided by Nintendo: all the usual running poses and standard pinups were there, nothing more and nothing less. Remember when I scanned Merlin’s Pokèmon sticker album? All patterned backgrounds, borders, decorations and single Pokèmon images can be found in this program's directory. In a way, this allowed your homemade crafts look official and neat, but after a while, seeing and using the same pics over and over could become redundant. At least painted backgrounds directly taken from the anime's first seasons were good!
It’s obvious to say that this program needed a functioning printer to provide a full experience: files were saved with particular extensions and they could only be opened, edited and printed from Project Studio, so this meant that it was impossibile to export files from a computer to another if they didn't have such a program installed. I was one of the most unfortunate kids that didn't have a printer at home, yet surprisingly, I recall spending many hours on this program: it was the last year of elementary school, I had passed my final exam and with summer finally blooming, every afternoon passed at home was spent on dad’s computer, crafting Pokèmon stickers with music blaring from the stereo, in hope that one day I could use a printer to finally see them on paper; yet for the time being, I could only leave my creations in virtual state, and just watch them. I distinctly recall scrolling through the monsters' menu asking myself “what will I do today?”. This game has quickly become a sharewave, ending up out of production as soon as Pokèmon's second generation made its graphics obsolete: it's easily available on the net for a free download, and apparently, even latest operating systems still support it: I got both Red and Blue version, since I've never had the occasion of seeing them together before, and so far they're running without any glitch! Next step is to get myself a printer with sticker paper...
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